Enjoy ट्याक्क!

हाम्रा मित्र अचेल यन्त्र भएछन ।

2011-03-30T00:35:00.001-07:00

व्यंग्य: राजु प्रसाद लामिछाने (जुदने)
माझठाना ६, कास्की
हाल: हप्किन्स, मिन्नेसोटा

भर्खर साथीले विहे गरेछन ।
श्रीमतीसँगै रिमोर्ट कन्ट्रोल पनि ल्याएछन ।।
त्यही दिन देखि मित्र यन्त्र भएछन ।।।

रिमोर्टको भरमा चल्दा रहेछन,
रिमोर्टकै भरमा बोल्दा रहेछन ।
बस भन्दा बस्दा रहेछन,
उठ भन्दा उठ्दा रहेछन ।
खा भन्दा खाँदा रहेछन,
जा भन्दा जाँदा रहेछन ।
साच्चै हो,
हाम्रा मित्र त अचेल यन्त्र भएछन,
भर्खर साथीले विहे गरेछन ।
................................

डिस्को र क्लब तिर जानै छाडेछन,
रक्सी र चुरोट पनि खानै छाडेछन ।
शनिवार शनिवार मन्दिर जान थालेछन,
मंगलबार मंगलबार चोखो खान थालेछन ।
पेट बड्ने डरले थोरै खान थालेछन,
जाडै भएपनि मर्निङवाक जान थालेछन ।
साच्चै हो,
हाम्रा मित्र त अचेल ज्ञानी भएछन,
भर्खर साथीले विहे गरेछन ।
................................

बाउ-आमाको कुरा मन नपराउदा रहेछन,
श्रीमती कै हर कुरो सराउँदा रहेछन ।
श्रीमतीलाई देखे पछि डराउँदा रहेछन,
पाँच नबज्दै खुरुक्क घर आउँदा रहेछन ।
लुगा धुन, भाँडा माझ्न सघाउँदा रहेछन,
साथी-भाईसँग भने लजाउँदा रहेछन ।
त्यही भएर पो,
बिहे गरेपछि साथीहरु हराउँदा रहेछन ।
श्रीमतीसँगै रिमोर्ट् कन्ट्रोल पनि ल्याउँदा रहेछन ।।
त्यही दिनदेखि धेरै मित्रहरु यस्तै हुँदा रहेछन ।।।

http://www.sapanasansar.com/2011/01/blog-post.html

कवि जी !

2011-03-30T00:25:00.001-07:00

लेखुँला झैं - के कन ऊ !

घोरिएको छ - खाली कागजमा

उसका लागि कुनै लेखनिय

छैन - विषयवस्तु

चिन्तीत विताएर पनि - केहीबेर

नसकेकोमा केही लेख्न

धिक्कार्दैछ आफैंलाई

घोरिएको छ - तै पनि ऊ त्यहीं

स्थिर छ कलम -उसको

आँखा छन् थकित - उसका

तर मौन विश्रामपछि - आँखामा उसका

छाउन थाल्छ - निकै चमक

जुरुक्क उठ्छ - त्यहाँबाट ऊ

तखताहरुबाट – दराजका

ल्याएर पत्रिका केहि मुठा

थाल्छ पल्टाउन पाना ऊ

पल्टाएको छ - उसले

पाना एकएक हरेक पत्रिकाका

नियाल्छ सबैलाइ एकपटक

थाल्छ चलाउन कलम वेतोडले

अनि

दोबाटोमा भेट्दा मैले - भोलीपल्ट उसलाई

लाग्दैथियो प्रकाशनगृहतिर – ऊ

ठेली थिए अनगिन्ती कवितका - हातमा उसका ।

२०६१-१२-१, नागढुङ्गा, पोखरा - ८

एक कप चिया र एक ट्वाँक रक्सी !

2011-03-30T00:10:00.003-07:00

हिजो आज !

भुन्टीको चियापसलमा भन्दा

साँइलीको भट्टीपसल ज्यादै

भिडभाडपूर्ण देखिन्छ

एउटै आमाका यी दुई तरुनी छोरीहरु

आफैंमा दङ्ग पनि छन्

भीड जम्मा गराई गफ गराउने भुन्टी

उही भीडमा खलबल मचाउने साँइली

फरक यत्ति मात्र हो

विहान भुन्टीको कब्जामा छ भने

साँझ साँइलीको कब्जामा

तर पनि बन्द र चाडवाडका दिन

यी दुवै कहिलेकाँही पूर्पूरोमा हात पनि

लगाइरहेका देखिन्छन्

र आफैंमा प्रश्न गर्छन्

'मेरो भन्दा साँइलीको व्यापार बढी छ'

'मेरो भन्दा भुन्टीको व्यापार कम छ'

त्यस्तैमा कहींबाट उत्तर आउँछ

'एक कप चियाले अण्डा र चना तान्ला ?

तर एक ट्वाँकले भट्मासदेखि रोष्ट माग्छ !'

केहि दिनपछि भुन्टीपनि भट्टीपसलमा देखिन्छे

दुवैको व्यापार आजकाल

निकै चकाचक छ ! ! !

२००५-०४-१९, बबरमहल, काठमाण्डौ ।

एक कप चिया !

2011-03-30T00:05:00.001-07:00

ऊ त्यहाँ चियापसल रै'छ

जाउँ न एक कप चिया पिउँ - एकै कप !

किन पीउने चिया ?

ऊ मेरो विपक्षमा छ

थोत्रा रिक्साहरु यताउता कुदिरहेका छन्

बन्दको असिमित माहौलमा

हो ! मैले मात्रै किन चिया पीउनुपर्ने ?

किन नपीउने चिया ?

ऊ मेरो पक्षमा छ

नयाँ कोट र थोत्रा विचारहरु द्वन्द गर्दैछन्

बन्द खुलेको सीमित माहौलमा

हो ! मैले मात्रै किन चिया नपीउने त ?

के पाइन्छ ? चिया पीएर !

ऊ मेरो विपक्षमा छ

काठी परेका हातहरु संघर्षरत काममा छन्

अहिले खाए - भरे के खाँउ भन्ने माहौलमा

हो ! मैले मात्रै किन चिया पीउनुपर्ने ?

के छैन र चियामा ?

ऊ मेरो पक्षमा छ

सुकोमल हात र सुडौल पाखुराहरु टाँसिएका छन्

चिन्ता विहीन माहौलमा

हो ! मैले मात्रै किन चिया नपीउने त ?

द्वन्द र वर्तमानको यो संघारमा

म आफैं विचलित छु

आखिर एकै कप चिया त हो !

जे भएपनि तलतल मेट्नै पर्छ

म त चिया पीउँछु - मात्र एक कप !

२०६१-११-१५, विराटनगर ।

रमाइलो छ जीन्दगी

2011-03-28T06:26:00.000-07:00

रमाइलो छ जीन्दगी, भन्ने कुरा बल्ल थाहा भयो
कसले सोचेको थियो र जागिर बोझ रहेछ

केही काम नहुँदा भुन्टिकाँ चिया खाइयाथ्यो
त्यै पनि जेनतेन येनकेन प्रकारेण चलेकैछ

हेर्दा राम्रो बाहिर बोक्रो भित्र झन खोक्र्याथ्यो
गधा जुनी रहेछ जीन्दगी सधैं बोझको बोझ छ

मैले सबै अर्ति सुन्नु परे पनि घर्ती खै काँथ्यो
एकै कप चियामा सारा समय बिन्दास छ
लौ ! भुन्टी मेरो बिना चिनीको चिया कहाँ छ

२०६७-१२-१४, तिनकुने सुविधानगर

ExperText

2011-03-25T20:29:00.001-07:00

ExperText (Rada, 1990), ( Rada, 1991A), (Rada, 1992) is a system which combines a hypertext and an expert system. Hypertext systems can include expert system features for incorporating flexibility, formal representations and arbitrary computations that helping users find relevant information. ExperText employs predicates at nodes and implications on links so the hypertext graph can support inferencing. Procedures can be attached to links and support all kinds of computation. The nodes and links can be viewed as a semantic network. A link attributes a meaning to the pair of nodes it connects. Spreading activation or analogical inheritance can be used for inferencing. User tailored maps can be generated to help users in navigational access.

Cookies

2010-07-08T20:27:00.001-07:00

<html>
<head>
<title>:==:CIT COOKIE:==:</title>
<script language="javascript">
    function setCookie(name,value,expiry)
    {
        document.cookie=name+"="+escape(value)+((expiry==null)?"":(";expires="+expiry.toGMTString()))
        //escape=Encodes String objects so they can be read on all computers.
        //GMT-Green Wich Mean Time which is universal time in the format Tue,02 Apr 1996 02:04:57 GMT
    }
    function getCookie(name)
    {
        var s=name+"="
        //check if any cookie exits
        if(document.cookie.length>0)
        {
            //check if "name=" string exits
            if((i=document.cookie.indexOf(s))!=-1)
                {
                    //if specific cookie name with = sign exists
                    //get its length
                    i+=s.length
                    //check the position of semi colon in the cookie name
                    if((j=document.cookie.indexOf(";",i))==-1)
                    {
                        //when semi colon found use substring function to
                        //get the value of cookie from the position of
                        //"=" sign trapped in 'i' variable to the last position
                        //of cookie value which is trapped in 'j' variable
                        j=document.cookie.length
                        return unescape(document.cookie.substring(i,j))
                    //unescape decodes string objects encoded with the escape method
                    }
                }
        }

    }
    function registration(name)
    {
        var date=new Date()
        var expiry=new Date()
        expiry.setTime(date.getTime()+(24*60*60*1000))
        setCookie("MyNepal",name,expiry)
    }

</script>
</head>

<body>
<script language="javascript">
var name=getCookie("MyNepal")
if(name!=null)
    {
        document.write("Welcome to CITE,"+name)
        document.write("<p>You have already registered with us</p>")
    }
    else
    {
        document.write("Welcome to CITE")
        document.write("<p>Please register yourself with CITE</p>")
        document.write('<form name="form">')
        document.write('<input type="text" size=20 name="nameValue">')
        document.write('<input type="button" value="Register" onClick="registration(document.form.nameValue.value);alert("Thank You.You have been registered with CITE")">')
        document.write('</form>')
    }

</script>

</body>
</html>

HTML Forms

2010-06-23T19:46:00.000-07:00

HTML Forms
Forms are a vital tool for the webmaster to receive information from the web surfer, such as: their name, email address, credit card, etc. A form will take input from the viewer and depending on your needs, you may store that data into a file, place an order, gather user statistics, register the person to your web forum, or maybe subscribe them to your weekly newsletter.
Text Fields

Before we teach you how to make a complete form, let's start out with the basics of forms. Input fields are going to be the meat of your form's sandwich. The <input> has a few attributes that you should be aware of.

    * type - Determines what kind of input field it will be. Possible choices are text, submit, and password.
    * name - Assigns a name to the given field so that you may reference it later.
    * size - Sets the horizontal width of the field. The unit of measurement is in blank spaces.
    * maxlength - Dictates the maximum number of characters that can be entered.

<form method="post" action="mailto:youremail@email.com">
Name: <input type="text" size="10" maxlength="40" name="name"> <br />
Password: <input type="password" size="10" maxlength="10" name="password">
<input type="submit" value="Send">
</form>

HTML Radio Buttons

Radio buttons are a popular form of interaction. You may have seen them on quizzes, questionnaires, and other web sites that give the user a multiple choice question. Below are a couple attributes you should know that relate to the radio button.
    * value - specifies what will be sent if the user chooses this radio button.
      Only one value will be sent for a given group of radio buttons (see name for more information).
    * name - defines which set of radio buttons that it is a part of. Below we have 2 groups: shade and size.

<form method="post" action="mailto:youremail@email.com">
What kind of shirt are you wearing? <br />
Shade: <input type="radio" name="shade" value="dark">Dark
<input type="radio" name="shade" value="light">Light <br />
Size:<input type="radio" name="size" value="small">Small
<input type="radio" name="size" value="medium">Medium
<input type="radio" name="size" value="large">Large <br />
<input type="submit" value="Email Myself">
</form>

HTML Check Boxes

Check boxes allow for multiple items to be selected for a certain group of choices. The check box's name and value attributes behave the same as a radio button.

<form method="post" action="mailto:youremail@email.com">
Select your favorite cartoon characters.
<input type="checkbox" name="toon" value="Goofy">Goofy
<input type="checkbox" name="toon" value="Donald">Donald
<input type="checkbox" name="toon" value="Bugs">Bugs Bunny
<input type="checkbox" name="toon" value="Scoob">Scooby Doo
<input type="submit" value="Email Myself">
</form>

HTML Drop Down Lists

Drop down menues are created with the <select> and <option> tags. <select> is the list itself and each <option> is an available choice for the user.

<form method="post" action="mailto:youremail@email.com">
College Degree?
<select name="degree">
<option>Choose One</option>
<option>Some High School</option>
<option>High School Degree</option>
<option>Some College</option>
<option>Bachelor's Degree</option>
<option>Doctorate</option>
<input type="submit" value="Email Yourself">
</select>
</form>

HTML Selection Forms

Yet another type of form, a highlighted selection list. This form will post what the user highlights. Basically just another type of way to get input from the user. The size attribute selects how many options will be shown at once before needing to scroll, and the selected option tells the browser which choice to select by default.

<form method="post" action="mailto:youremail@email.com">
Musical Taste
<select multiple name="music" size="4">
<option value="emo" selected>Emo</option>
<option value="metal/rock" >Metal/Rock</option>
<option value="hiphop" >Hip Hop</option>
<option value="ska" >Ska</option>
<option value="jazz" >Jazz</option>
<option value="country" >Country</option>
<option value="classical" >Classical</option>
<option value="alternative" >Alternative</option>
<option value="oldies" >Oldies</option>
<option value="techno" >Techno</option>
</select>
<input type="submit" value="Email Yourself">
</form>

HTML Upload Forms

First of all, to actually make the upload form function correctly you must know a scripting language of some sort. PHP and PERL work fine, Javascript is also an option. We have an entire upload example demonstrated here, PHP File Upload. The HTML code for the upload form does nothing more than create an interface for the user to see and work with.

An upload form consists of three basic parts. The first being a hidden field. This hidden field does nothing more than limit the allowed file size of our uploaded file. The second part is the input field itself. In this field, the user has the option to type in the full local URL of the file or he/she may click the browse button to thumb through directory after directory. HTML codes this automatically when we place the type="file" attribute within the input tag.

HTML Text Areas

Text areas serve as an input field for viewers to place their own comments onto. Forums and the like use text areas to post what you type onto their site using scripts. For this form, the text area is used as a way to write comments to somebody.

Rows and columns need to be specified as attributes to the <textarea> tag. Rows are roughly 12pixels high, the same as in word programs and the value of the columns reflects how many characters wide the text area will be. i.e. The example below shows a text area 5 rows tall and 20 characters wide. Another attribute to be aware of is the wrap. Wrap has 3 values.

    * wrap=
          o "off"
          o "virtual"
          o "physical"

Virtual means that the viewer will see the words wrapping as they type their comments, but when the page is submitted to you, the web host, the document sent will not have wrapping words.
Physical means that the text will appear both to you, the web host, and the viewer including any page breaks and additional spaces that may be inputed. The words come as they are.
Off of course, turns off word wrapping within the text area. One ongoing line.

<form method="post" action="mailto:youremail@email.com">
<textarea rows="5" cols="20" wrap="physical" name="comments">
Enter Comments Here
</textarea><input type="submit" value="Email Yourself">
</form>

Also note that any text placed between the opening and closing textarea tags will show up inside the text area when the browser views it.

C++ Inheritence

2010-06-21T17:09:00.001-07:00

Inheritance is an important feature of classes; in fact, it is integral to the idea of object oriented programming. Inheritance allows you to create a hierarchy of classes, with various classes of more specific natures inheriting the general aspects of more generalized classes. In this way, it is possible to structure a program starting with abstract ideas that are then implemented by specific classes. For example, you might have a class Animal from which class dog and cat inherent the traits that are general to all animals; at the same time, each of those classes will have attributes specific to the animal dog or cat.

Inheritence offers many useful features to programmers. The ability, for example, of a variable of a more general class to function as any of the more specific classes which inherit from it, called polymorphism, is handy. For now, we will concentrate on the basic syntax of inheritance. Polymorphism will be covered in its own tutorial.

Any class can inherit from any other class, but it is not necessarily good practice to use inheritance (put it in the bank rather than go on a vacation). Inheritance should be used when you have a more general class of objects that describes a set of objects. The features of every element of that set (of every object that is also of the more general type) should be reflected in the more general class. This class is called the base class. base classes usually contain functions that all the classes inheriting from it, known as derived classes, will need. base classes should also have all the variables that every derived class would otherwise contain.

Let us look at an example of how to structure a program with several classes. Take a program used to simulate the interaction between types of organisms, trees, birds, bears, and other creatures coinhabiting a forest. There would likely be several base classes that would then have derived classes specific to individual animal types. In fact, if you know anything about biology, you might wish to structure your classes to take advantage of the biological classification from Kingdom to species, although it would probably be overly complex. Instead, you might have base classes for the animals and the plants. If you wanted to use more base classes (a class can be both a derived of one class and a base of another), you might have classes for flying animals and land animals, and perhaps trees and scrub. Then you would want classes for specific types of animals: pigeons and vultures, bears and lions, and specific types of plants: oak and pine, grass and flower. These are unlikely to live together in the same area, but the idea is essentially there: more specific classes ought to inherit from less specific classes.

Classes, of course, share data. A derived class has access to most of the functions and variables of the base class. There are, however, ways to keep a derived class from accessing some attributes of its base class. The keywords public, protected, and private are used to control access to information within a class. It is important to remember that public, protected, and private control information both for specific instances of classes and for classes as general data types. Variables and functions designated public are both inheritable by derived classes and accessible to outside functions and code when they are elements of a specific instance of a class. Protected variables are not accessible by functions and code outside the class, but derived classes inherit these functions and variables as part of their own class. Private variables are neither accessible outside the class when it is a specific class nor are available to derived classes. Private variables are useful when you have variables that make sense in the context of large idea.

Document Object Model

2010-06-21T16:27:00.001-07:00

The Document Object Model (DOM) is an application programming interface (API) for HTML and XML documents. It defines the logical structure of documents and the way a document is accessed and manipulated. In the DOM specification, the term "document" is used in the broad sense - increasingly, XML is being used as a way of representing many different kinds of information that may be stored in diverse systems, and much of this would traditionally be seen as data rather than as documents. Nevertheless, XML presents this data as documents, and the DOM may be used to manage this data.

For details: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1/introduction.html

Hungarian Notation

2010-06-21T16:23:00.001-07:00

Hungarian Notation

Hungarian notation has commonly been associated with prefixing variables with information about their type--for instance, whether a variable is an integer or a double. This is usually not a useful thing to do because your IDE will tell you the type of a variable, and it can lead to bizarre and complicated looking names. The original idea behind Hungarian notation, however, was more general and useful: to create more abstract "types" that describe how the variable is used rather than how the variable is represented. This can be useful for keeping pointers and integers from intermixing, but it can also be a powerful technique for helping to separate concepts that are often used together, but that should not be mixed.

What is DirectX

2010-02-09T06:44:00.001-08:00

Microsoft DirectX is a group of technologies designed to make
Windows-based computers an ideal platform for running and displaying
applications rich in multimedia elements such as full-color graphics,
video, 3D animation, and rich audio. DirectX includes security and
performance updates, along with many new features across all
technologies, which can be accessed by applications using the DirectX
APIs.

Adobe Photoshop CS2 Shortcuts

2010-02-09T06:37:00.001-08:00

Shorcut Action
Ctrl+N नया डोक्युमेंट बनाउनको लागि।
Ctrl+O सेव्ड डोक्युमेंट खोलनको लागि।
Ctrl+Z लास्ट मूवको अन्डू गर्न।
Ctrl+Alt+Z एक स्टेप पछाडी जान।
Ctrl+Shift+Z एक स्टेप अगाडी जान।
Ctrl+X फोटोमा सेलेक्टेड एरिया काटन। (Select first, and then cut)
Ctrl+C फोटोमा सेलेक्टेड एरियाको कपी गर्न। (Select first, then copy)
Ctrl+V कट या कपी गरेको पेस्ट गर्न।
Ctrl+Backspace लेयरमा बैकग्राउंड रंग भर्न।

D कलर पेलेट रिसेट गर्न। (To Black and White)
Ctrl+I ऑब्जेक्टमा कलर इनवर्ट गर्न।
Ctrl+F अंतिम फिल्टर मूव दोहोर्‍याउन।
Ctrl++ इमेजलाई ज़ूम गर्न।
Ctrl+- इमेज से ज़ूम हटाउन।
Ctrl+Alt+I इमेज साइज सानो या ठूलो गर्न।
Ctrl+U सेचुरेशन स्टेज (To colorize an image)
Ctrl+L ब्लेक ग्रे व्हाईट लेवल्स।
Ctrl+A पूरै लेयर सेलेक्ट गर्न।
Ctrl+S सेव गर्न।
Ctrl+Shift+V लेयरमा सेलेक्टेड स्थानमा पेस्ट गर्न।
Alt+T फिल्टर ड्रॉप डाउन मेनू हेर्न।
Ctrl+Shift+O लेयर के ब्लेंडिंग ऑप्शन माथि ल्याउन।
Ctrl+Shift+N नया लेयर बनाउन।
B कर्सरको स्थानमा ब्रश ल्याउन।
E कर्सरको स्थानमा इरेजर ल्याउन।
L कर्सरको स्थानमा लेसो टूल ल्याउन।
P कर्सरको स्थानमा पर टूल ल्याउन।
W कर्सरको स्थानमा मेजिक वेंड टूल ल्याउन।
x फोर ग्राउंड / बेक ग्राउंड कलरको लागि।
G कर्सरको स्थानमा ग्रेडीएंट टूल ल्याउन।

Backdoor Passwords

2010-02-09T06:25:00.001-08:00

AMI Passwords:
A.M.I., AAAMMMIII, AMI?SW , AMI_SW, BIOS, CONDO, HEWITT RAND,
LKWPETER, MI, and PASSWORD

Award Passwords:

आठ पटक स्पेसबारको प्रयोग पासवर्डको रुपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ, अन्य पासवर्ड
हरुमा | 01322222, 589589, 589721, 595595, 598598 , ALFAROME, ALLY,
ALLy, aLLY, aLLy, aPAf, award, AWARD PW, AWARD SW, AWARD?SW, AWARD_PW,
AWARD_SW, AWKWARD, awkward, BIOSTAR, CONCAT, CONDO, Condo, condo,
d8on, djonet, HLT, J256, J262, j262, j322, j332, J64, KDD, LKWPETER,
Lkwpeter, PINT, pint, SER, SKY_FOX, SYXZ, syxz, TTPTHA, ZAAAADA,
ZAAADA, ZBAAACA, and ZJAAADC

Phoenix Passwords:
BIOS, CMOS, phoenix, and PHOENIX

VOBIS & IBM --- merlin
Dell ---Dell
Biostar ---Biostar
Compaq ---Compaq
Enox ---xo11nE
Epox ---central
Freetech ---Posterie
IWill ---iwill
Jetway ---spooml
Packard Bell ---bell9
QDI ---QDI
Siemens ---SKY_FOX
SOYO ---SY_MB
TMC ---BIGO
Toshiba ---Toshiba

Password-Cracking Techniques

2010-02-09T06:08:00.001-08:00

Password-Cracking Techniques
Understanding Password-Cracking
Techniques

We get daily tons of requests regarding password cracking,
hereby we present a well researched comprehensive article adressing the same
It may bounce many of ur heads but we are sure a must mug up for Geeks
nour regular visitors!!
so Gear Up! Dont give up before having a look on the entire article!

Many hacking attempts start with attempting to crack passwords.
Passwords are the key piece
of information needed to access a system. Users, when creating
passwords, often select passwords
that are prone to being cracked. Many reuse passwords or choose one
that's simple—such
as a pet's name—to help them remember it. Because of this human
factor, most password cracking
is successful; it can be the launching point for escalating
privileges, executing applications,
hiding files, and covering tracks. Passwords may be cracked manually
or with automated tools
such as a dictionary or brute-force method, each of which are covered
later in this chapter.
Manual password cracking involves attempting to log on with different
passwords. The
hacker follows these steps:
1.
Find a valid user account (such as Administrator or Guest).
2.
Create a list of possible passwords.
3.
Rank the passwords from high to low probability.
4.
Key in each password.
5.
Try again until a successful password is found.
A hacker can also create a script file that tries each password in a
list. This is still considered
manual cracking, but it's time consuming and not usually effective.

Boring!! isnt it!! A more efficient way of cracking a password is to
gain access to the password file on a system.
Most systems

hash
(one-way encrypt) a password for storage on a system. During the
logon process, the password entered by the user is hashed using the
same algorithm and then
compared to the hashed passwords stored in the file. A hacker can
attempt to gain access to
the hashing algorithm stored on the server instead of trying to guess
or otherwise identify the
password. If the hacker is successful, they can decrypt the passwords
stored on the server.
Passwords are stored in the Security Accounts Manager (SAM) file on a
Windows system and in a password shadow file on a Linux system.

Understanding the LanManager Hash
Windows 2000 uses NT Lan Manager (NTLM) hashing to secure passwords in
transit on the
network. Depending on the password, NTLM hashing can be weak and easy
to break. For
example, let's say that the password is
123456abcdef
. When this password is encrypted with
the NTLM algorithm, it's first converted to all uppercase:
123456ABCDEF
. The password is
padded with null (blank) characters to make it 14 characters long:
123456ABCDEF__
. Before
the password is encrypted, the 14-character string is split in half:
123456A and BCDEF__.
Each string is individually encrypted, and the results are concatenated:
123456A = 6BF11E04AFAB197F
BCDEF__ = F1E9FFDCC75575B15
The hash is
6BF11E04AFAB197FF1E9FFDCC75575B15

Hacking Tools
Legion automates the password guessing in NetBIOS sessions. Legion
scans multiple
IP address ranges for Windows shares and also offers a manual
dictionary attack tool.
NTInfoScan is a security scanner for NT 4.0. This vulnerability
scanner produces an HTMLbased
report of security issues found on the target system and other information.
L0phtCrack is a password auditing and recovery package distributed by
@stake software,
which is now owned by Symantec. It performs Server Message Block (SMB)
packet captures
on the local network segment and captures individual login sessions.
L0phtCrack contains
dictionary, brute-force, and hybrid attack capabilities.
John the Ripper is a command-line tool designed to crack both Unix and
NT passwords. The
cracked passwords are case insensitive and may not represent the real
mixed-case password.
KerbCrack consists of two programs: kerbsniff and kerbcrack. The
sniffer listens on the network
and captures Windows 2000/XP Kerberos logins. The cracker can be used
to find the
passwords from the capture file using a brute force attack or a
dictionary attack.

Cracking Windows 2000 Passwords
The SAM file in Windows contains the usernames and hashed passwords.
It's located in the
Windows\system32\config
directory. The file is locked when the operating system is running
so a hacker can't attempt to copy the file while the machine is booted
to Windows.
One option for copying the SAM file is to boot to an alternate
operating system such as
DOS or Linux with a boot CD. Alternately, the file can be copied from the
repair
directory.
If a systems administrator uses the RDISK feature of Windows to back
up the system, then a
compressed copy of the SAM file called
SAM._
is created in
C:\windows\repair
. To expand
this file, use the following command at the command prompt:
C:\>expand sam._ sam
After the file is uncompressed, a dictionary, hybrid, or brute-force
attack can be run against
the SAM file using a tool like L0phtCrack.

Redirecting the SMB Logon to the Attacker
Another way to discover passwords on a network is to redirect the
Server Message Block
(SMB) logon to an attacker's computer so that the passwords are sent
to the hacker. In order
to do this, the hacker must sniff the NTLM responses from the
authentication server and trick
the victim into attempting Windows authentication with the attacker's
computer. A common
technique is to send the victim an e-mail message with an embedded
hyperlink to a fraudulent
Hacking Tools
Win32CreateLocalAdminUser is a program that creates a new user with
the username and
password
X
and adds the user to the local administrator's group. This action is part of the
Metasploit Project and can be launched with the Metasploit framework on Windows.
Offline NT Password Resetter is a method of resetting the password to
the administrator's
account when the system isn't booted to Windows. The most common
method is to boot to
a Linux boot CD and then access the NTFS partition, which is no longer
protected, and change
the password.
SMB server. When the hyperlink is clicked, the user unwittingly sends
their credentials over
the network.

SMB Redirection
Several automated hacking tools can implement SMB redirection:

SMB Relay MITM Attacks and Countermeasures
An SMB relay MITM attack is when the attacker sets up a fraudulent
server with a relay
address. When a victim client connects to the fraudulent server, the
MITM server intercepts
the call, hashes the password, and passes the connection to the victim server.
Figure 4.1 illustrates an example of such an attack.

Hacking Tools
SMBRelay is an SMB server that captures usernames and password hashes
from incoming
SMB traffic. SMBRelay can also perform man-in-the-middle attacks.
SMBRelay2 is similar to SMBRelay but uses NetBIOS names instead of IP
addresses to
capture usernames and passwords.
pwdump2 is a program that extracts the password hashes from a SAM file
on a Windows system.
The extracted password hashes can then be run through L0phtCrack to
break the passwords.
Samdump is another program to extract NTLM hashed passwords from a SAM file.
C2MYAZZ is a spyware program that makes Windows clients send their
passwords as clear
text. It displays usernames and their passwords as users attach to
server resources.

SMB relay countermeasures include configuring Windows 2000 to use SMB
signing, which
causes it to cryptographically sign each block of SMB communications.
These settings are
found under Security Policies/Security Options.

NetBIOS DoS Attacks
A NetBIOS Denial of Service (DoS) attack sends a NetBIOS Name Release
message to the NetBIOS
Name Service on a target Windows systems and forces the system to
place its name in conflict
so that the name can no longer be used. This essentially blocks the
client from participating in the
NetBIOS network and creates a network DoS for that system.

Password-Cracking Countermeasures
The strongest passwords possible should be implemented to protect
against password cracking.
Systems should enforce 8–12 character alphanumeric passwords. The
length of time the same
password should be used is discussed in the next section.
To protect against cracking of the hashing algorithm for passwords
stored on the server,
you must take care to physically isolate and protect the server. The
systems administrator can
use the SYSKEY utility in Windows to further protect hashes stored on
the server hard disk.
The server logs should also be monitored for brute-force attacks on
user accounts.
A systems administrator can implement the following security
precautions to decrease the
effectiveness of a brute-force password-cracking attempt:
1.
Never leave a default password.
2.
Never use a password that can be found in a dictionary.

Hacking Tools
SMBGrind increases the speed of L0phtCrack sessions on sniffer dumps
by removing duplication
and providing a way to target specific users without having to edit
the dump files manually.
The SMBDie tool crashes computers running Windows 2000/XP/NT by
sending specially
crafted SMB requests.
NBTdeputy can register a NetBIOS computer name on a network and
respond to NetBIOS
over TCP/IP (NetBT) name-query requests. It simplifies the use of
SMBRelay. The relay can be
referred to by computer name instead of IP address.

Hacking Tools

NBName can disable entire LANs and prevent machines from rejoining
them. Nodes on a Net-
BIOS network infected by the tool think that their names are already
in use by other machines.
3.
Never use a password related to the host name, domain name, or
anything else that can
be found with whois.
4.
Never use a password related to your hobbies, pets, relatives, or date of birth.
5.
Use a word that has more than 21 characters from a dictionary as a password.
This subject is discussed further in the section "Monitoring Event Viewer Logs."
In the following sections, we'll look at two measures you can take to
strengthen passwords
and prevent password-cracking.

Password Change Interval
Passwords should expire after a certain amount of time so that users
are forced to change
their passwords. If the password interval is set too low, then users
will forget their current
passwords; as a result, a systems administrator will have to reset
users' passwords frequently.
On the other hand, if passwords are allowed to be used for too long,
then security
may be compromised. The recommended password-change interval is every
30 days. In
addition, it's recommended that users not be allowed to reuse the last
three passwords.
You cannot completely block brute-force password attacks if the hacker
switches the proxy server where the source packet is generated. A systems
administrator can only add security features to decrease the likelihood that
brute-force password attacks will be useful.

Monitoring Event Viewer Logs
Administrators should monitor Event Viewer logs to recognize any
intrusion attempts either
before they take place or while they're occurring. Generally, several
failed attempts are logged
in the system logs before a successful intrusion or password attack.
The security logs are only
as good as the systems administrators who monitor them.
Tools such as VisualLast aid a network administrator in deciphering
and analyzing the
security log files. VisualLast provides greater insight into the NT
event logs so the administrator
can assess the activity of the network more accurately and
efficiently. The program is
designed to allow network administrators to view and report individual
users' logon and
logoff times; these events may be searched according to time frame,
which is invaluable to
security analysts who are looking for intrusion details.
The event log located at
c:\\windows\system32\config\Sec.Event.Evt
contains the
trace of an attacker's brute-force attempts.

Remote operating system detection

2010-02-09T06:04:00.001-08:00

Now a days we invite the so called victim to a webpage/blog
and with the help of a free web traker servive get all his details
as in browser/operating system and other details
but still i would like to share the traditional method as well

Detecting OS (operating system) is another most important step towards
hacking into a system. We can even say that after tracing the IP of
the system it is the most prior thing that should be done to get the
root on a system cause without having knowledge about the OS running
by the target system you cannot execute any system commands on the
target system and thus your mission wont be accomplished. In here I
have figure out the basics of detecting OS remotely without having
physical access to the system. There are various method of detecting
OS like by trace routing the victim's IP , by pinging the IP , by
using telnet and also by using a terminal. But from my research I have
concluded that detecting OS through ping or tracerout is the most
simplest but effective way of determining the operating system running
in the remote computer without having physical access to the system.
Since my aim of writing articles is to make things clear for beginners
and intermediate so I will explain remote os detecting through ping
method which is very easy to understand even for peoples totally new
to computers.. yeah yeah.. I know you call them newbies..right ?? J J
J

REMOTE OS DETECTION USING PING METHOD

What is PING and what is its utility ?

Ping is an MSDOS utility provided for windows version of DOS and for
Unix and operating systems having UNIX as the core kernel. It runs in
dos box in windows and directly in UNIX platform. In this manual I
will give more stress on the MSDOS version of ping.

Ping is an utility used for sending and receiving packets of data to a
target system using its IP and thus from the outputs you can figure
out many information about the target system.
In remote os detection we are mainly concerned with the TTL values of
the received data packets.

Note: When you send or receive a file over the internet it is not send
at once. Instead it is broken down at the source system and these
broken fragments of data know as data packets are send through the
internet and these data packets are gathered together by the target
system according to an algorithm constructed by the source system.
For example if I send a picture of size 400 KB to my girl friend (hey
girls out there remember I don't yet have a gf in reality) then what
actually happens is that my system breaks the data into data packets,
say the file of 400 KB has been broken down into 4 data packets each
having a size of 100 KB and having a name. These data packets are
assigned a code known as the TTL value of the data packets by my
operating system. Then these data packets are gathered and the
original file is formed from these data packets at the target system.

Example:

C:\windows>ping/?

Usage: ping [-t] [-a] [-n count] [-l size] [-f] [-i TTL] [-v TOS]

[-r count] [-s count] [[-j host-list] | [-k host-list]]

[-w timeout] target_name

Options:
-t Ping the specified host until stopped.
To see statistics and continue - type Control-Break;
-a Resolve addresses to hostnames.
-n count Number of echo requests to send.
-l size Send buffer size.
-f Set Don't Fragment flag in packet.
-i TTL Time To Live.
-v TOS Type Of Service.
-r count Record route for count hops.
-s count Timestamp for count hops.
-j host-list Loose source route along host-list.
-k host-list Strict source route along host-list.
-w timeout Timeout in milliseconds to wait for each reply.

there are various switches available for ping. Above I have given a
list of all the switches available in the DOS version of ping. Using
the –t switch you can continuously ping a target until it is crashed
down. I am sure you are probably wondering how will it crash down the
remote system. The answer is quite simple. If you ping the remote
system continuously then what happens is that slowly the RAM of the
target system is overloaded with these stack data and compels the
system to restart or crashes it. You can also use the –l switch to
specify the amount of data packet to be send at a time.

But in this article I am not concerned with crashing down a remote
system cause its not that easy as it seems to be, there are many other
tricks for it and its not possible to crash down a system of present
technology just by simple ping. I am concerned with the TTL values of
the output that you will get after pinging a system. You can use –n
switch with ping to specify the number of echo (ie data packets) to be
send to the target system. The default number is 4.

Example:

C:\windows> ping –n 10 127.0.0.1

This command will ping 127.0.0.1 with 10 packets of data and after
that will give you an output.

Now I think its time for a real example which I have executed on my system.

C:\windows>ping 127.0.0.1

Pinging 127.0.0.1 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
Reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
Reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
Reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
(or check http://members.cox.net/~ndav1/self_published/TTL_values.html)

Ping statistics for 127.0.0.1:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms

Here I have pinged the IP 127.0.0.1 (offline ip of any system) with
default ping. Here I am getting TTL value as 128. This is the thing
what we need for remote os detection.

What is TTL value ?

TTL value is nothing but a simple code assigned to the out going data
packets by the operating system of a computer. The TTL value assigned
to the out going data packets depends on the operating system and it
is the same for a particular operating system. As for example if you
ping a system running windows 98 or earlier versions of windows NT
with service packs (I don't know exactly about the TTL values of
recent versions of Windows NT but from my research I think it's the
same as previous versions cause the TTL value even in Windows XP is
128) you will get the TTL value as 128, thus from this TTL value you
can easily say that the target system is running Microsoft Windows.

TTL values of commonly used Operating Systems

OS VERSION PLATFORM TTL

Windows 9x/NT Intel 32
Windows 9x/NT Intel 128
Windows 2000 Intel 128
DigitalUnix 4.0 Alpha 60
Unisys x Mainframe 64
Linux 2.2.x Intel 64
FTX(UNIX) 3.3 STRATUS 64
SCO R5 Compaq 64
Netware 4.11 Intel 128
AIX 4.3.x IBM/RS6000 60
AIX 4.2.x IBM/RS6000 60
Cisco 11.2 7507 60
Cisco 12.0 2514 255
IRIX 6.x SGI 60
FreeBSD 3.x Intel 64
OpenBSD 2.x Intel 64
Solaris 8 Intel/Sparc 64
Solaris 2.x Intel/Sparc 255

Well these are not all. There are many more TTL values of many other
operating systems. But generally most systems lies within this list.

Now lets try this manual practically and find out the operating system
running by the IP 202.178.64.19.

C:\windows>ping 202.178.64.19

Pinging 202.178.64.19 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 202.178.64.19: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
Reply from 202.178.64.19: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
Reply from 202.178.64.19: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
Reply from 202.178.64.19: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128

Ping statistics for 202.178.64.19:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms

Well from the output you can figure out many informations. First 4
packets of data each of 32 bytes has been send to 202.178.64.19. In
response the target system has responded with data packets of TTL
value as 128.
Now we can easily say that the system 202.178.64.19 is running windows.

ERROR CORRECTION IN SOME CASES

There is a possibility of error in TTL values that you receive. Even
though the source system send a TTL value of 128 you may receive the
TTL value as 120. Well nothing to worry cause its due to the fact that
routers reduce the TTL value by 1.
Don't worry I'll explain and made things much clearer for you.

It's a fact that some times routers may reduce the TTL value assigned
to the data packets by the source OS by 1.
In that case you have to find out how many routers are there in
between your system and the target system and then simply add the
number of routers to the received TTL values and you will get the
original TTL value.

To find out how many routers there are in between your system and the
target system just perform a normal and simple tracert to that IP.
For more information about tracing an IP read my article 'TRACING IP" in
After tracing the IP using tracert tool of dos suppose you find that
there are 10 routers between you and the target system then just
simply add 10 to the TTL value that you have received and you will get
the original TTL value.

And once you get the original TTL value then its as simple as changing
girl friend to find out the operating system running by the remote
computer. Just match the TTL value with the above chart and you will
find out the operating system info.

How to trace an IP of remote system

2010-02-09T06:02:00.001-08:00

How to trace an IP of remote system (web+messenger)
Introduction::

Welcome to another rahulhackingarticles tutorial.
In here I have figure out some very easy but cool ways to trace out
the geographical location and various other infos like ISP details etc
of a remote computer using its IP.
Well I guess its one of the most important must learn manul for boys
out there if you want to impress your friends particularly gals whom
you'll meet online in a chat room and tell them their geographical
locations and ISP details and make them surprised and impressed J.
In the practical execution of this manual you don't have to work much
as it is very simple only you have to use your brain to understand
some symbols and some format of expressions and use your IQ to execute
things the right way.

What is IP and how to get the IP of a remote system::

Getting the IP or Internet Protocol of a remote system is the most
important and the first step of hacking into it. Probably it is the
first thing a hacker do to get info for researching on a system. Well
IP is a unique number assigned to each computer on a network. It is
this unique address which represents the system on the network.
Generally the IP of a particular system changes each time you log on
to the network by dialing to your ISP and it is assigned to you by
your ISP. IP of a system which is always on the network remains
generally the same. Generally those kind of systems are most likely to
suffer a hacking attack because of its stable IP. Using IP you can
even execute system commands on the victim's computer.
Lets take the example of the following IP address: 202.144.49.110 Now
the first part, the numbers before the first decimal i.e. 209 is the
Network number or the Network Prefix.. This means that it identifies
the number of the network in which the host is. The second part i.e.
144 is the Host Number that is it identifies the number of the host
within the Network. This means that in the same Network, the network
number is same. In order to provide flexibility in the size of the
Network, here are different classes of IP addresses:

Address Class Dotted Decimal Notation Ranges
Class A ( /8 Prefixes) 1.xxx.xxx.xxx through 126.xxx.xxx.xxx
Class B ( /16 Prefixes) 128.0.xxx.xxx through 191.255.xxx.xxx
Class C ( /24 Prefixes) 192.0.0.xxx through 223.255.255.xxx

The various classes will be clearer after reading the next few lines.

Each Class A Network Address contains a 8 bit Network Prefix followed
by a 24-bit host number. They are considered to be primitive. They are
referred to as "/8''s" or just "8's" as they have an 8-bit Network
prefix.
In a Class B Network Address there is a 16 bit Network Prefix followed
by a 16-bit Host number. It is referred to as "16's".

A class C Network address contains a 24-bit Network Prefix and a 8 bit
Host number. It is referred to as
"24's" and is commonly used by most ISP's.

Due to the growing size of the Internet the Network Administrators
faced many problems. The Internet routing tables were beginning to
grow and now the administrators had to request another network number
from the Internet before a new network could be installed at their
site. This is where sub-netting came in.

Now if your ISP is a big one and if it provides you with dynamic IP
addresses then you will most probably see that whenever you log on to
the net, your IP address will have the same first 24 bits and only the
last 8 bits will keep changing. This is due to the fact that when
sub-netting comes in then the IP Addresses structure becomes:

xxx.xxx.zzz.yyy

where the first 2 parts are Network Prefix numbers and the zzz is the
Subnet number and the yyy is the host number. So you are always
connected to the same Subnet within the same Network. As a result the
first 3 parts will remain the same and only the last part i.e. yyy is
variable.
***********************

For Example, if say an ISP xyz is given the IP: 203.98.12.xx Network
address then you can be awarded any IP, whose first three fields are
203.98.12. Get it?

So, basically this means that each ISP has a particular range in which
to allocate all its subscribers. Or in other words, all subscribers or
all people connected to the internet using the same ISP, will have to
be in this range. This in effect would mean that all people using the
same ISP are likely to have the same first three fields of their IP
Addresses.

This means that if you have done a lot of (By this I really mean a
lot) of research, then you could figure out which ISP a person is
using by simply looking at his IP. The ISP name could then be used to
figure out the city and the country of the person. Right? Let me take
an example to stress as to how cumbersome but easy (once the research
is done) the above method can be.

In my country, say there are three main ISP's:

ISP Name Network Address Allotted

ISP I 203.94.47.xx
ISP II 202.92.12.xx
ISP III 203.91.35.xx

Now, if I get to know the IP of an e-pal of mine, and it reads:
203.91.35.12, then I can pretty easily figure out that he uses ISP III
to connect to the internet. Right? You might say that any idiot would
be able to do this. Well, yes and no. You see, the above method of
finding out the ISP of a person was successful only because we already
had the ISP and Network Address Allotted list with us. So, what my
point is, that the above method can be successful only after a lot of
research and experimentation. And, I do think such research can be
helpful sometimes.

Also, this would not work, if you take it all on in larger scale. What
if the IP that you have belongs to someone living in a remote igloo in
the North Pole? You could not possibly get the Network Addresses of
all the ISP's in the world, could you? If yes please send it to me J.

Well now I guess you have pretty good knowledge about what an IP is
and what you can do by knowing the IP of a remote system. Now lets
come to the point of finding out the IP of remote system.
Well you can easily figure out the IP of a remote system using the
netstat utility available in the microsoft's version of DOS. The
netstat command shows the connections in which your system is engaged
to and the ports they are using. Suppose you are checking your mail in
hotmail and you want to find out the IP of msn. All you need to do is
to open a dos window (command.com) and type netstat. You will see all
the open connections of your system. There you will see something :

Proto Local Address Foreign Address State
TCP rahul:1031 64.4.xx.xx:80 ESTABLISHED

Now you got the IP address of hotmail ass 64.4.xx.xx .
Similarly you can figure out the IP address of most http or ftp connections.

To know your own IP type the following command in a dos windows
C:\netstat –n
[this commands converts the IP name into IP addresses]
this is what you will probably see on typing the above command :

Proto Local Address Foreign Address State
TCP 203.xx.251.161:1031 194.1.129.227:21 ESTABLISHED
TCP 203.xx.251.161:1043 207.138.41.181:80 FIN_WAIT_2
TCP 203.xx.251.161:1053 203.94.243.71:110 TIME_WAIT
TCP 203.xx.251.161:1058 194.1.129.227:20 TIME_WAIT
TCP 203.xx.251.161:1069 203.94.243.71:110 TIME_WAIT
TCP 203.xx.251.161:1071 194.98.93.244:80 ESTABLISHED
TCP 203.xx.251.161:1078 203.94.243.71:110 TIME_WAIT

Here 203.xx.251.161 is your IP address.

Now lets clarify the format used by netstat :

Proto : It shows the type of protocol the connection with the remote
system is using.
Here TCP (transmission control protocol) is the protocol used by my
system to connect to other systems.

Local Address : It shows the local address ie the local IP. When the
netstat command is executed without –n switch then the name of the
local system is displayed and when the netstat is executed with –n
switch then the IP of the local system is displayed. Here you can also
find out the port used by the connection.
xxx.yyy.zzz.aaa:1024
in this format you will see the local address. Here 1024 is the port
to which the remote system is connected in your system

Foreign Address :: It shows the IP address of the remote system to
which your system is connected. In this case also if the netstat
command is excuted with –n switch then you directly get the IP of the
victim but if the netstat is executed without –n switch then you will
get the address of the remote system. Something like

C:\netstat
Proto Local Address Foreign Address State
TCP rahul:1031 msgr.lw4.gs681.hotmail.com:80 ESTABLISHED

Here msgr.lw4.gs681.hotmail.com is the address of the foreign system .
putting this address in any IP lookup program and doing a whois lookup
will reveal the IP of the remote system.

Note: The port to which your system is connected can be found from
this in the same way as I have shown in the case of local address. The
difference is that, this is the port of the remote system to which
your computer is connected to.
Below I have produced a list of ports and popular services generally
found to be running.
21 :: FTP port
80 :: http port
23 :: Telnet port

Note: If your execute the netstat command and find ports like
12345,27374 are open and are in use then make it sure that your sweat
heart computer is infected with her boyfriend.. J J J J I mean your
computer is infected with some sort of Trojan.
Below I have produced a list of commonly known Trojans and the ports
they use by default. So if you find these ports open then get a good
virus buster and get these stupid servers of the Trojans kicked out.
Well if you want to play with these Trojan by keeping them in your
computer but not letting them ruin your system performance then just
disble it from the system registry run and they wont be loaded to
memory each time when windows starts up[This trick doesn't work for
all Trojans].

Netbus :: 12345(TCP)
Subseven :: 27374(TCP)
Girl Friend :: 21554(TCP)
Back Oriface :: 31337 (UDP)

Well guys and gals I hope you are now well familiar with the term IP
and what is the utility of IP in cyber world and how to get the IP of
a remote system to which you are connected. I hope you find my
writings very easy to undertstand. I know I lack the capacity of
explaining myself but I try my level best to make things very easy and
clear for you'll.

How to get the IP of a remote system while chatting through msn messenger ::

This is a tutorial on how to get IP address from MSN messenger. This is actually
a really easy thing to do. It is not like going through the hard time
and reversing
MSN messenger like many people think.
The IP address is only given when you accept or are sending a file through MSN
messenger. When you send IM's, the message is sent through the server
thus hiding
your victims IP and your. But when you send a file or recieve a file,
it is direct
connection between the two computers.
To obtain the IP accept a file transfer or send a file to the victim,
when the file
sending is under way from the dos prompt type "netstat" without the
quotation marks.
You should get a table like this:
Proto Local Address Foreign Address State
TCP kick:1033 msgr-ns29.msgr.hotmail.com:1863 ESTABLISHED
TCP kick:1040 msgr-sb36.msgr.hotmail.com:1863 ESTABLISHED
TCP kick: <REMOTE HOST> ESTABLISHED
The top name in the list is the server's address for IMing. There
could be many of
the second name in the list, as a new connection is made to the server
for every
room you are IMing to. You are looking for the address of the remote host in
this table it may be something similar to
"host63-7-102-226.ppp.cal.vsnl.com" or "203..64.90.6".
without the quotation marks.
All you need to do now is to put this address in you IP lookup
programe and get the IP of the remote system.

Well 50%of the work is done now. Now you know how to get the IP of a
remote system, so its time to trace it down and find some details
about the IP.

Tracing an IP is quite simple. You can do it the easy way by using
some sweet softwares like Visual Trace 6.0b
[ftp://ftp.visualware.com/pub/vr/vr.exe]
Neotrace
[http://www.neoworx.com/download/NTX325.exe]
or by our way ie. Using MS DOS or any other version of DOS.
Well I suggest you to use DOS and its tracert tool for tracing the IP
cause using it will give you a clear conception about the art of
tracing an IP and I guarantee that you will feel much satisfied on
success than using a silly software. Furthur you will know how things
work and how the IP is traced down and the different networks
associated in this tracing process.

Let us take a look at tracert tool provided for DOS by Microsoft.
It is a very handy tool for peoples need to trace down an IP.
Just open any DOS windows and type tracert.

C:\windows>tracert

Usage: tracert [-d] [-h maximum_hops] [-j host-list] [-w timeout] target_name

Options:
-d Do not resolve addresses to hostnames.
-h maximum_hops Maximum number of hops to search for target.
-j host-list Loose source route along host-list.
-w timeout Wait timeout milliseconds for each reply.

You will now see a description of the tracert command and the switches
associated with it.
Well these switches doesn't makes much difference. All you can do is
to increase the timeout in milliseconds by using –w switch if you are
using a slow connection and the –d switch if you wish not resolve
address to hostnames by default.
By default tracert performs a maximum of 30 hops trace. Using the –h
switch you can specify the number of hops to perform.
Now its time for execution.
Let us trace down the IP yahoo.com [216.115.108.243]

TIP: If you have done a long research (I mean a lot) then simply
looking at the IP you can figure out some info from it. For example
the IP 203.90.68.8 indicates that the system is in India. In India IPs
generally begin with 203 and 202

C:\WINDOWS>tracert yahoo.com

Tracing route to yahoo.com [216.115.108.243] over a maximum of 30 hops:

1 308 ms 142 ms 127 ms 203.94.246.35
2 140 ms 135 ms * 203.94.246.1
3 213 ms 134 ms 132 ms 203.94.255.33
4 134 ms 130 ms 129 ms 203.200.64.29
5 122 ms 135 ms 131 ms 203.200.87.75
6 141 ms 137 ms 121 ms 203.200.87.15
7 143 ms 170 ms 154 ms vsb-delhi-stm1.Bbone.vsnl.net.in [202.54.2.241]
8 565 ms 589 ms 568 ms if-7-0.bb8.NewYork.Teleglobe.net [207.45.198.65]
9 596 ms 584 ms 600 ms if-3-0.core2.NewYork.teleglobe.net [207.45.221.66]
10 * * * Request timed out.
11 703 ms 701 ms 719 ms if-3-0.core2.PaloAlto.Teleglobe.net [64.86.83.205]
12 694 ms 683 ms 681 ms if-6-1.core1.PaloAlto.Teleglobe.net [207.45.202.33]
13 656 ms 677 ms 700 ms ix-5-0.core1.PaloAlto.Teleglobe.net [207.45.196.90]
14 667 ms 673 ms 673 ms ge-1-3-0.msr1.pao.yahoo.com [216.115.100.150]
15 653 ms 673 ms 673 ms vl20.bas1.snv.yahoo.com [216.115.100.225]
16 666 ms 676 ms 674 ms yahoo.com [216.115.108.243]
Trace complete.

Note: Here I have traced yahoo.com. In place of yahoo.com you can give
the IP of yahoo or any other IP you want to trace, the result will be
the same.

Now carefully looking at the results you can figure out many
information about yahoo's server [216.115.108.243]
First packets of data leave my ISP which is at 203.94.246.35
.Similarly you can find out the different routers through which the
packets of data are send and received to and from the target system.
Now take a look at the 13th line you'll see that the router is in
PaloAlto.Teleglobe.net from this you can easily figure out that the
router is in Palo Alto. Now finally look at the target system ie.
Yahoo's server vl20.bas1.snv.yahoo.com . Now you got the address of
yahoo's server. Now put this address in any IP lookup programe and
perform and reverse DNS lookup and you will get most of the info about
this address,like the place where it is in.
Well another thing you can find out using the tracert tool is that the
number of hops (routers) the target system is away from you. In case
of tracerouting yahoo.com we find that the target system ie yahoo's
server is 16 hops away from my system. This indicates that there are
16 routers between my system and yahoo's server.

Apart from tracing an IP you can find out many usefull details about
the target system using the tracert tool.

Firewall Detection

While tracerouting a target system, if you get * as an output then it
indicates timeout error. Now if you peform another tracerout to the
same taeget system at some other time with a good connection and in
this way few times more and if you always get * as the output then
take it for sure that the target system is running a firewall which
prevents sending of data packets from the target system.

Example

Some days ago I tried to tracert hotmail's server in plain and simple
way using tracert without any trick.This is what I found out :

c:\windows>tracert 64.4.53.7

Tracing route to lc2.law5.hotmail.com [64.4.53.7]

over a maximum of 30 hops:

1 * * * Request timed out.
2 161 ms 147 ms 85 ms 203.90.69.81
3 126 ms 261 ms 219 ms 203.90.66.9
4 121 ms 115 ms 228 ms delswp2.hclinfinet.com [203.90.66.133]
5 727 ms 725 ms 711 ms 203-195-147-250.now-india.net.in [203.195.147.250]
6 1006 ms 794 ms 952 ms core-fae-0-0.now-india.net.in [203.195.147.3]
7 826 ms 731 ms 819 ms 213.232.106.9
8 885 ms 744 ms 930 ms 213.166.3.209
9 851 ms 1020 ms 1080 ms 213.232.64.54
10 1448 ms 765 ms 1114 ms pos8-0.core2.London1.Level3.net [212.113.0.118]
11 748 ms 789 ms 750 ms ge-4-2-1.mp2.London1.Level3.net [212.187.131.146]
12 719 ms 733 ms 846 ms so-3-0-0.mp1.London2.Level3.net [212.187.128.46]
13 775 ms 890 ms 829 ms so-1-0-0.mp2.Weehawken1.Level3.net [212.187.128.138]
14 853 ms 852 ms 823 ms so-3-0-0.mp1.SanJose1.Level3.net [64.159.1.129]
15 889 ms 816 ms 803 ms so-7-0-0.gar1.SanJose1.Level3.net [64.159.1.74]
16 * * * Request timed out.
17 * * * Request timed out.
18 * * * Request timed out.
19 * * * Request timed out.
20 * * * Request timed out.
21 * * * Request timed out.
22 * * * Request timed out.
23 * * * Request timed out.
24 * * * Request timed out.
25 * * * Request timed out.
26 * * * Request timed out.
27 * * * Request timed out.
28 * * * Request timed out.
29 * * * Request timed out.
30 * * * Request timed out.
Trace complete.

I performed the same tracert many times a day but concluded with the
same result. This indicates that the systems after the router
SanJose1.Level3.net has firewalls installed which prevents the
outgoing of data packets.

Detecting Traceroute Attempts on your System

You can detect that an attacker is performing a traceroute on your
system, if you see the following symptoms:

1. If you observe port scans on very high UDP ports. This symptom
means that the attacker has performed a traceroute on your system.
However, it could also mean a simply port scan. Either way, it
signifies the fact that your system is being scanned.

2. If the packet-monitoring tool installed in your network, picks up
several outgoing TTL-exceeding messages, then it is yet another sign
that someone is doing a traceroute on your system.

3. If in these log files, you also observer an outgoing ICMP port
unreachable error message, then it means that since a traceroute was
done on your system and as the target system i.e. your system, was
reached, it responded with this error message.

You can also find our more information on the attacker (if he performs
a traceroute on your system) by simply studying the sniffer log files.
If you observer the TTL values, then we can easily figure out the
following information on the attacker by making use of OS detection
techniques discussed earlier in this white paper:
The Operating System running on the attacker's target system.
Number of hops away, the attacker is from you.

It behaves in such a nice way

2010-01-14T18:00:00.001-08:00

(भावना)

2010-01-13T02:06:00.001-08:00

हेर्दा हेर्दै जिन्दगीको बाटोभरी छरिएछु
रुँदा रुँदै आंशुभित्र आँशु भै छल्किएछु
फुलबारी भित्र-भित्रै पलास झैँ ओइलिएछु
हेर्दा हेर्दै जिन्दगीको बाटोभरी छरिएछु

आजन्मको सम्बन्धमा एक्लो यात्री बनेको छु
सोचाईको समुद्रमा नूनसरी पग्लिएछु
फुलबारी भित्र-भित्रै पलास झैँ ओइलिएछु
हेर्दा हेर्दै जिन्दगीको बाटोभरी छरिएछु

कुर्दा कुर्दै मायालुको पर्खाल भै ठडिएछु
मेरो मात्रै आकांछाको नाउमा म एक्लिएछु
फुलबारी भित्र-भित्रै पलास झैँ ओइलिएछु
हेर्दा हेर्दै जिन्दगीको बाटोभरी छरिएछु

चन्द्रविलास भूर्तेल 'स्रिजन'
सुविधानगर, तिनकुने, काठमाडौं

Beware of this type of emails

2010-01-13T02:02:00.001-08:00

----- Forwarded Message ----
From: john baden <johnbaden@apnamultan.com>
Sent: Wed, January 13, 2010 2:57:52 AM
Subject: From John baden.

From John baden.
I am working in the Presidency federal republic of Burkina Faso as a courier officer. Part of my job entails the dispatch of goods meant for foreign missions abroad. I have discovered the rot that has been going on in the presidency. Huge sums of money are being transferred abroad by very senior government officials and ministers through diplomatic means. This monies run into several million's of dollars. This is proceeds of sales of illegal crude oil business from recently discovered oil wells and gold.

They laundered over 50 boxes each trip during the process.As I am sending this message to you, I was able to divert One of the box that contians $2m. The security company is anxious now to know who is the beneficiary to the box. For years now and most of the politicians are no longer using our agency to transfer funds overseas. The money will be shared 50% for me, 10% for charity homes and 40% for you .There is no one coming to ask you about the funds because I secured everything. I only want you to assist me with bellow info where the consignment will be delivered. You are not to face any difficulties or legal implications as I am still working as a courier officer. If you are capable of receiving the funds, do let me know immediately by sending me bellow info,

(i) Your full names and contact address.
(ii) Your company name if any.
(iii) Your private telephone and fax numbers.

As soon as i receive your information I shall register your name in the box as the beneficiary, This is my chance also to grab my own but you must keep the details of the funds secret to avoid leakages as no one in the company knows about the funds. Waiting for your urgent response.
Mr. John baden.

Fraudulence E-mail Again

2010-01-13T02:01:00.001-08:00

----- Forwarded Message ----
From: PayPal <service@1paypal.com>
Sent: Wed, January 13, 2010 8:44:49 AM
Subject: Limited Account Access -- Status Change

Dear Customer,

As part of our security measure, we regularly screen activity in the PayPal system.

You received this message due to an issue on your account.

Due to unusual number of invalid login attempts on your account, we have reason to believe there might be security breach on your account.

Your account requires extra verification process to ensure your identity and your account security.

http://kleinarchive.com/img/serc/index.htm to continue to the verification process and ensure your account security.

PayPal Email ID PP1263

HAPPY NEW YEAR

2008-08-26T20:24:00.000-07:00

HAPPY NEW YEAR 2010 TO ALL WELL-WISHERS!!!

चन्द्रविलास भूर्तेल
+977-1-4111503
+977-1-4111840

Again I have got this type of e-mail

2008-08-26T20:22:00.000-07:00

Update your account info

Wednesday, August 27, 2008 8:31 AM

From:

"CitiBank"

Add sender to Contacts

To:

undisclosed-recipients

Dear Citibank customer,

This e-mail was sent to you because we have detected an error in your
billing information on file with Online Banking during our regular
schedule account maintenance and verification. This might be due to
either
following reasons:

A recent change in your personal information (i.e. change of address).
Submitting invalid information during the initial sign up process.
An inability to accurately verify your selected option of payment due
an internal error with our processors.
Click the link below and confirm your Online Banking account
information, otherwise your online access will become
restricted:

http://secure.citibank.com/clients/update/details/

Beware from SCAM MAILER

2008-08-26T19:25:00.000-07:00

Here I have some scammer emails:

Rev. Fr Godson Akika
Director of Swift Card ATM Payment Centre
OCEANIC BANK OF NIGERIA P L C
oceanicbankplc@atmvisacard.co.cc
atm_paymasterdept@yahoo.com
Phone No: +234-803-879-0280

DR. TONY IBRU
MANAGING DIRECTOR /CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
OCEANIC BANK OF NIGERIA P LC.
dr.toneyibru05@msn.com

NAME:JAMID PAUL
pjamid@yahoo.co.uk
LEGAL PRACTITIONER & PUBLIC NOTARY REPRESENTATIVE,
SUITE 105 MDOMI PLAZA,
LOM-NAVA,AKPAKPA COTONOU BENIN DE REPUBLIC.

Dr, John Mandela
johnmaandela@hotmail.com
net.info1@aliceadsl.fr

Rev Dr.Franklin Anderson.
fedexcompany_ltd@sify.com
Contact: +229-98889548

Mr.Eri Johnson
uchenna3@aliceadsl.fr

Mathias Kobi Kabila
fn102926@watchdog.net.nz

Barr.Frank David.(Esq.)
For F. david Chambers & Advocates
60 Bays Water Road,
London W2 3PS, United Kingdom.
Tel: 44 70457 03686
Fax: 44 70059 77124
fr44daves@yahoo.ca
samuel_dele@orange.nl

Hon. Alfred Carrington
Grant Co-ordinator
Tel: +44 (0) 755 129 8920
commonwealthgrant2008@live.com

Mrs Sarah Coleman
Programme Administrator.
Commonwealth Of Nations Grant Donation 2008
Marlborough House, Pall Mall,
London SW1Y 5HX, United Kingdom.
grant@thecommonwealth.org

Dr. Francis Okumagba
General Manager of Treasury & Financial Services,
Executive Director and Member of Board Credit Committee,
Oceanic Bank International Plc.
oceanicbk@j-mail.info
ocenic@bank.fr
Tel: +229 98 11 40 44

FROM THE DESK OF MR IBRAHIM BELLO
BILL AND EXCHANGE MANAGER (ADB)
AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK
OUAGADOUGOU, BURKINA FASO.
ibrahim_bello0020@altavizsla.hu

Allan Bruce
al_bruce67@live.com
Tel: +234 803-383-0603

Mrs. Margaret Blaire.
FedEx Online Team Management.
delivery_team@fedex.co.ng

Mr. Peter Brown
peterbrowninchrist1101@earthlink.net
peterbrowninchrist1@hotmail.com

Dr LI Ka Cheung Eric.
drcheungeric@netbusiness.com
stakeyourclaim@srt.com
Mr. Johnson Ward
For: JW Consults Inc.
Foxhall Business Centre
Nottingham. NG7 6LH, United Kingdom
Cell +44 703 592 8739
jgsconsults@yahoo.com

सिमसार सुचना प्रणाली

2008-04-14T11:49:00.000-07:00

सिमसार सुचना प्रणालीको अनुसन्धानमा सहयोग गर्न चाहने व्यक्तिहरुले कृपया ९८४१३४९५३७ मा तु सम्पर्क गर्नुहोला ।

Enjoy ट्याक्क!

हाम्रा मित्र अचेल यन्त्र भएछन ।

कवि जी !

एक कप चिया र एक ट्वाँक रक्सी !

एक कप चिया !

रमाइलो छ जीन्दगी

ExperText

Cookies

HTML Forms

C++ Inheritence

Document Object Model

Hungarian Notation

Hungarian Notation

What is DirectX

Adobe Photoshop *CS2 Shortcuts*

Backdoor Passwords

Password-Cracking Techniques

Remote operating system detection

How to trace an IP of remote system

It behaves in such a nice way

(भावना)

Beware of this type of emails

Fraudulence E-mail Again

HAPPY NEW YEAR

Again I have got this type of e-mail

Update your account info

Beware from SCAM MAILER

सिमसार सुचना प्रणाली

Adobe Photoshop CS2 Shortcuts