Farm Solution

Effectiveness of Aspergillus oryzae Fermentation Culture to Improve Digestion of Fibrous Feeds: In vitro

noreply@blogger.com (farmsolution) — Tue, 02 Dec 2008 04:47:56 PST

DARWINSYAH LUBIS, E. WINA, B. HARYANTO and T. SUHARGIANTATMO
Research Institute for Animal Producton, PO BOX 221, Bogor 16002, Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Studies regarding the use of living microorganisms as supplement have been done in the last two decades to improve digestion process in the rumen. Many factors affect the use of the supplement, such as ration composition and physiological status of the animals. Materials used in this experiment are Aspergillus oryzae (AO) derived from ‘tauco’ (salty fermented soybean) and soybean sauce processing factories located in Bogor, Cianjur, and Sukabumi districts (15 sources), and also AO culture collections of the Indonesian Res. Inst. for Anim. Prod. (2 strains) and one strain from Indonesian Res. Inst. for Vet. Sci. in Bogor. The fungus was first isolated in potato dextrose agar (PDA), incubated at room temp. (26-300C) for 5 days for purification. The AO from PDA then inoculated into cooked rice enriched with mineral mix, oven-dried (40-450C), then ground and kept in refrigerator as a stock culture for further use. To produce more AO (scaling-up), the culture is inoculated in two basal media, i.e. soybean meal and ‘onggok’ (tapioca processing waste) enriched with mineral mix, dried and ground, then kept in refrigerator as A. oryzae fermentation culture (AOFC). Ground-dried King grass was used for in vitro digestion trials using sheep rumen fluid, which was not supplemented (control) or supplemented with the AOFC (10% w/w) from various sources. Three best AOFC (by origin) were chosen and used for further digestion study. The study was run using 2 (media) x 3 (AOFC origin) factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design and Duncan’s MRT was applied to test differences among treatment means. Preliminary results indicated of the AOFC-SP66, -F172, and -CT4 used, the best AOFC was SP66, as it increased (P<0.05) fiber (NDF) digestion (10.5% better than the control). Total VFA productions were similar, but acetate content in the rumen fluid was lowered (P<0.05), while propionate and butyrate levels were alleviated (P<0.05) by the AOFC-SP66. Ammonia content was not affected by addition of AOFC. No differences were detected on digestion parameters between the two media used for AO cultivation, therefore, it is suggested to use ‘onggok’ for producing AOFC in large scale. VFAs composition pattern suggests that AOFC was more suitably used for meat rather than for milk production.

Key words: Fungus, King grass, digestibility, rumen fluid

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Pengaruh Pakan Limbah Tempe Terhadap Ekskresi Derivat Purin dan Pasokan N-Mikroba pada Kambing Peranakan Etawah Laktasi

noreply@blogger.com (farmsolution) — Tue, 02 Dec 2008 04:40:58 PST

D.A. ASTUTI1 dan E. WINA2
1Bagian Fisiologi dan Farmakologi, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan,
Institut Pertanian Bogor
2Balai Penelitian Ternak, PO BOX 221, Bogor 16002, Indonesia

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate excretion of purine derivatives and microbial–N supply in lactating Etawah crossbred goats fed with fermented soybean waste. Sixteen first lactating goats were randomly allotted into four dietary treatment groups that received 50% king grass plus R1: 50% concentrate, R2: 25% concentrate and 25% fresh tempe waste, R3: 25% concentrate and 25% fermented tempe waste, and R4: 25% concentrate and 25% gelatinizing of liquid tempe waste. Fermented tempe waste was made by fermentation of tempe waste (seed content of soybean) using Aspergillus niger, while for the gellatinizing of liquid tempe waste was made by gelatinized with maize flour. Protein balance studies were conducted during two week trial and at the end of the research. Urinary protein and purine derivatives were collected for analysis. Microbial–N supply was calculated from purine derivatives excretion. Results showed that nitrogen consumptions were significantly different between R4 and three other treatments and apparent digestible nitrogen in R3 were higher than that of R4 (P<0.05). The nitrogen retention in R1 and R3 were higher than that of R2 and R4. Urinary purine derivatives in this study showed that allantoin, xanthine and hypoxanthine in R3 were higher than that of R4, while R1 and R2 were the same and the highest uric acid excretion and total purine derivatives were observed in R3. Microbial–N supply were significantly different between all treatments where R3 was the highest. This research concluded that fermented soybean waste had the highest total purine derivatives excretion and microbial–N supply to the lactating Etawah crossbred goats.

Key words: Etawah crossbred goats, Aspergillus niger, allantoin, xanthin and hypoxanthin

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Effect of rice straw silage treated with rumen microbes of buffalo on digestibility and ecosystem of cattle rumen

noreply@blogger.com (farmsolution) — Tue, 02 Dec 2008 04:38:06 PST

THALIB, A.; J. BESTARI; Y. WIDIAWATI; H. HAMID; D. SUHERMAN
Balai Penelitian Ternak
P.O. Box 210, Bogor 16002

ABSTRACT

Treatment of rice straw silage with addition of buffalo rumen microbes was conducted to improve the ruminal digestion of rice straw in ongole cattle. Three fistulated cattles were each introduced to dietary treatment: I. Untreated rice straw (JPTP), II. Rice straw ensilaged with buffalo rumen microbes (SJPMR-Kr), and ID. Elephant grass (RG). All diets were formulated isonitrogeneous (14% crude protein) and fed to animals over a period of 4 weeks. After 4 weeks of feeding trial, rwnen fluid of the animals were evaluated to digest its own basal diet (as substrate). The results show that cumulative gas production resulting from the substrate fermented (96 hours) by rumen fluid from cattle fed diet II is 205% of the diet I and 151 % of the diet ID. Measurements of DMD of the substrates after the gas production procedure show the similar trend (ie. DM digestibilities for JPTP= 33%; SJPMR-Kr= 54% dan RG= 45%). Means of in sacco DMD (72 hours incubation) confirm the results of gas production (ie. in sacco DM Digestibilities for JPTP= 35%; SJPMR-Kr= 44% and RG= 39%). All results described between treatments are highly significant different (P0.05), except for total VFA (ie. JPTP= 0.52 mg Inri; SJPMR-Kr= 3,37 mg Inri and RG= 3.15 mg Inri).

Key words: Rice straw, silage, microbes, cattle and buffalo

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Effect of feeding methods of katuk (Sauropus androgynus) extract on performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens

noreply@blogger.com (farmsolution) — Tue, 02 Dec 2008 04:34:04 PST

U. SANTOSO, T. SUTEKY, HERYANTO, dan SUNARTI
Jurusan Peternakan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Bengkulu
Jl. Raya Kandang Limun, Bengkulu

ABSTRACT

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate effect of feeding methods of katuk extract on performance and carcass quality of broilers. Sixty 20-d-old male broilers were distributed to 5 treatment groups of 4 replicates with 3 birds each. One treatment group was fed basal diet without katuk extract (P0), whereas other treatment groups were fed basal diet plus 18 g katuk extract/kg diet (P1), basal diet plus 9 g katuk extract/l drinking water (P2), basal diet plus 9 g katuk extract/kg diet plus 4.5 g katuk extract/l drinking water (P3), and basal diet plus 4.5 g katuk extract/kg diet plus 2.25 g katuk extract/l drinking water (P4). Experimental results showed that weight gain of P1 and P4 were significantly higher (P<0.05)>0.05), but the weight of intestine was significantly affected (P<0.05)>0.05). P4 had better meat color than P0, P1, dan P2 (P<0.05).>0.05). In conclusion, in order to improve performance and carcass quality, broiler chickens could be given katuk extract through diet plus drinking water at level of 4.5 g/kg diet plus 2.25 g/l drinking water.

Key words: Katuk extract, performance, carcass quality, abdominal fat

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cDNA LIBRARY CONSTRUCTION AND ISOLATION OF GENES FOR CANDIDATE VACCINE ANTIGENS FROM CHRYSOMYA BEZZIANA (THE OLD WORLD SCREWWORM FLY)

noreply@blogger.com (farmsolution) — Tue, 02 Dec 2008 04:10:01 PST

TONY VUOCOLO1, FLORENTINA SUPRIYANTI2, SRI MUHARSINI3,
and GENE WIJFFELS1
1CSIRO Livestock Industries, Molecular Animal Genetics Centre,
Level 3, Gehrmann Laboratories,
The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
2Inter-University Centre on Biotechnology, Institute of Technology Bandung
P.O. Box 1361, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
3Research Institute for Veterinary Science
Jalan R.E. Martadinata 30, P.O. Box 151, Bogor 16114, Indonesia

ABSTRAK

Konstruksi dan pemanfaatan cDNA libraries untuk mengisolasi gen pengendali kandidat antigen untuk digunakan dalam produksi vaksin rekombinan terhadap lalat Chrysomya bezziana diuraikan. RNA diisolasi dan mRNA dimurnikan dari larva lalat Chrysomya bezziana stadium pertama dan ketiga dan dipakai untuk sintesis dua cDNA libraries dengan vektor bacteriophage λ ZAP express. Libraries ini kemudian disekrin dengan menggunakan Digoxigenin-labelled DNA probes yang diperoleh lewat dua pendekatan yang berbeda. Pertama, pendekatan homolog dengan menggunakan probes yang telah didesain berdasarkan gen membran peritrofik yang sebelumnya telah dikarakterisasi pada lalat penyebab myiasis yang masih mempunyai hubungan dekat dengan Lucilia cuprina. Kedua, pendekatan de novo dengan menggunakan informasi terminal amino dan sekuensi peptida internal yang diturunkan dari protein membran peritrofik lalat Chrysomya bezziana yang dimurnikan untuk menghasilkan DNA probes. Tiga gen membran peritrofik sudah diidentifikasi dan dikarakterisasi. Cb48 diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan pendekatan homolog, dan Cb15 dan Cb42 diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan pendekatan de novo. Identifikasi gen-gen pengendali kandidat antigen terhadap Chrysomya bezziana telah memungkinkan untuk memproduksi protein rekombinan yang dapat digunakan dalam uji vaksinasi.

Kata kunci: cDNA library, peritrofin, membran peritrofik, Chrysomya bezziana, Lucilia cuprina, vaksin

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To trace the active compound in mengkudu (morinda citrifolia) with anthelmintic acvtivity against Haemonchus contortus

noreply@blogger.com (farmsolution) — Wed, 26 Nov 2008 19:40:41 PST

T.B. MURDIATI', G. ADIWINATAI DAN D.HILDASARI2
1 Balai Penelitian Veteriner
Jalan R. E. Martadinata No.30, P. O. Box 151, Bogar 16114, Indonesia
2Jurusan farmasi, FMIPA -ISTN, Jakarta

ABSTRACT

Intestinal parasites such Haemonchus contortus is usually controlled by management improvement and regular administration of anthelmintic. However, there is an indication of H. contortus resistance to several anthelmintic available in the market, which makes medicinal plants as an alternative anthelmintic and mengkudu or noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia) have been reported as an effective anthelmintic. To trace the active compounds responsible for anthelmintic activity against H. contortus, the mengkudu fruit was continuosly extracted into hexane, chloroform, metanol and water, followed by in-vitro study on the anthelmintic activity. The in-vitro anthelmintic activity was base on the ability of the extracts to kill the worm and the ability of the extracts to prevent egg development. The study suggested that chloroform fraction which contains alkaloid and anthraquinon have the highest anthelmintic activity and showed significant different compared to control (P≤ 0.05).

Key words: Morinda citrifolia, anthelmintic, Haemonchus contortus

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Pesticide Residue on the Liver Organ of Cattle Raised at Garbage Disposal Area of Semarang City

noreply@blogger.com (farmsolution) — Wed, 26 Nov 2008 19:37:40 PST

M. ARIFIN, B. E. SETIANI dan B. DWILOKA
Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Diponegoro
Kampus Drh. R. Soejonokoesoemowardojo, Tembalang, Semarang 50275

ABSTARCT

Study on pesticide residues on liver organ of cattle raised at Semarang city garbage disposal area has been conducted through slaughtering 2 among 800 heads cattle that raised at the area. Cattle samples were selected purposively based on the age of 2-3 years old, and raised in the area since their birth. Residue analysis using gas chromatography indicated that liver organ of cattle raised at garbage disposal area of Semarang city containing both organochlorine and organophosphate residues. Organochlorine residue on this organ was detected as high as 0.00475 and 0.00210 p.p.m. for Aldrin and Heptaklor; respectively; whereas organophosphate residue was detected as high as 0.00290, 0.00235 and 0.00085 p.p.m Fenitrothion, Klorpirifos and Propenofos, respectively. It might be concluded that the pesticide residue was still under MRL value of Departemen Kesehatan RI.

Key words: Pesticide residue, liver, cattle, garbage

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The changes of peroxide number of coconut meal during storage and fermentation processed with Aspergillus niger

noreply@blogger.com (farmsolution) — Wed, 26 Nov 2008 19:35:45 PST

HELMI HAMID, T. PURWADARIA, T. HARYATI, dan A. P. SINURAT
Balai Penelitian Ternak
P.O. Box 221, Bogor 16002, Indonesia

ABSTRACT

The effect of fermentation process and duration of storage of fermented coconut meal with Aspergillus niger on its peroxide number has been studied. First stage of experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with four treatments (raw coconut meal, 0 and 4 day aerobic fermentation incubation and after 2 day anaerobic enzymatic incubation). The peroxide number was determined as potentiality for rancidity. The three incubation processes decreased the peroxide number significantly. The highest reduction was obtained at 4 day aerobic fermentation (49.7%). The decrease of peroxide number of fermented coconut meal was correlated with the decrease of lipid content. The regression coefficient is highly significant (r2 = 0.76, P<0.01).>0.05). Statistical analysis for the peroxide number showed that there was highly significant interaction between the type of substrates and storage temperature. The peroxide number on the fermented products did not significantly increase, where as the non fermented products show significantly increased during storage course. The significant interaction between storage duration and temperature observed. At low temperatures (-13 and 4°C) storage the peroxide number increased 44%, while at high temperature (29°C) up to 95%. The highest peroxide number on the fermented product (43.5 ppm) was obtained at the temperature storage of 29°C for 4 month period. This value is still under rancidity limit (80 ppm). It could be concluded that fermentation process reduced the rancidity of coconut meal.

Key words : Coconut meal, fermentation, peroxide number, Aspergillus niger

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Growth and sexual development of Etawah-cross kids from does of different levels of milk production.

noreply@blogger.com (farmsolution) — Wed, 26 Nov 2008 19:32:03 PST

I-KETUT SUTAMA, I.G.M. BUDIARSANA, I-WAYAN MATHIUS, dan E. JUARINI
Balai Penelitian Ternak
P.O. Box 221, Bogor 16002, Indonesia

ABSTRACT

The experiment was conducted to evaluate growth and sexual development of female Etawah-cross kids of the progeny of the does with low (Group L), medium (Group M) and high (Group H) milk production. The does were fed King grass (Pennisetum purpureophoides) (about 2% DM of liveweight) and 400 g/head of concentrate. The amount of concentrate was increased to 600 g/head during the last two months of pregnancy period and during lactation. Kids were weaned at four months of age. Thereafter, they were reared in group and were fed King grass and concentrate. The animals were weighed every two weeks. A mature vasectomized buck were joined in each group to detect the onset of first oestrus (puberty). When kids reached puberty and had a liveweight of about 20 kg, they were mated with intact buck. Ovulation rate, progesterone profiles and fertility were observed. The results showed that pre-weaning growth rates of kids in all three groups were not significantly different (67.0 vs 74.9 vs 70.5 g/day, P>0.05). At six and 12 months of ages, Groups L and M had almost the same liveweight which were higher than Group H. Consequently, Groups L and M reached puberty about 3 - 6 weeks earlier than Group H. The average liveweight at puberty was 19.9, 18.2 and 18.8 kg for Groups L, M and H, respectively, or at about 57.1-69.8% (average 63.2%) of mature liveweight. The pregnancy rate following first mating was relatively high (67-73%) and all does were pregnant in the following mating. Average ovulation rate at conception were low (1.1) in all groups. It was concluded that differences in milk production of the does did not significantly affect post-weaning growth and sexual development and performances of kids. Other factors at certain age or growth phases might be more important to affect growth and reproduction of Etawah-cross goat, and this may warrant further study.

Key words : Growth, reproduction, Etawah-cross does

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Performance and Characteristics of Three Local Fowl Strains (Pelung, Arab, And Sentul)

noreply@blogger.com (farmsolution) — Wed, 26 Nov 2008 19:28:04 PST

A.G. NATAAMIJAYA,1 A.R. SETIOKO, 2 B. BRAHMANTIYO2 dan K. DIWYANTO 3
1Balai Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian
2Balai Penelitian Ternak PO BOX 221, Bogor 16002
3Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Peternakan

ABSTRACT

Performance and Characteristics of Three Local Fowl Strains (Pelung, Arab, And Sentul)
Local fowls as sources of genetic variations need to be conserved considering it’s benefits to the people welfare. In this activity three strains of local fowl namely Pelung, Arab and Sentul were observed for their performances and characteristics. Average body weight of adult (52 weeks old) Pelung was 3514,20 gs (male) and 2547,30 gs (female); Arab was 2035,60 gs (male) and 1324,70 gs (female); Sentul was 2435,30 gs (male) and 1635,4 gs (female). The plumage colour of Pelung was combination of black, brown, white and red, Arab was black and white (barred), Sentul was grey, red,brown and yellow. The leg, back and neck bone of Pelung were longer than those of the others. Average egg production was 27,40% (Pelung); 51,41% (Arab) and 32,41% (Sentul). The fertility hatchability of Pelung, Arab and Sentul eggs were 40,10%/34,15%;69,17%/ 74,14% and 73,76%/73,62% resfectively. Semen volume were 0,22 ml (Pelung); 0,26 ml (Arab) and 0,25 ml (Sentul). Viscosity, density mass motion, motility of Pelung semen (thin, semi densum; ++; 2,7) lower than those of Arab (viscous; densum;+++;4,0) and Sentul (viscous; densum;+++;3,5). Dead spematozoa of Pelung (34,41%) was higher than those of Arab (23,20%) and Sentul (26,32%). Egg charakteristics of the birds were similar where haugh unit score of Pelung, Arab and Sentul were 89,52% gs 44 and 90,95 sm secutively. Feed intakes of pullet period were 132,30 gs (Pelung); 90,1 gs (Arab) and 85,2 gs (Sentul). The estimation of nutrient requirement of Pelung, Arab and Sentul were as follows, crude protein 10,04; 10,34 and 10,06%; metabolizable energy 3133,4 kcal/kg; 3118,1 kcal/kg and 3123,4 kcal/kg; Ca. 0,80; 1,04 and 0,83%; P. 0,20; 0,28 and 0,34%;lysine. 0,44; 0,45 and 0,42%; methionine 0,22; 0,24 and 0,23%.

Key words: Performance, characteristics, native fowl

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Study the Effect of Saccharomyces Against Salmonella Infection

noreply@blogger.com (farmsolution) — Wed, 26 Nov 2008 19:24:35 PST

D. GHOLIB, ISTIANA, TARMUDJI dan R. Z. AHMAD
Balai Penelitian Veteriner, PO Box 151, Bogor 16114

ABSTRACT
Study the Effect of Saccharomyces Against Salmonella Infection
The purpose of the study is to obtain S.cerevisiae isolates which can be used as a probiotic for chickens. The study was conducted by means of invivo method using S. cerevisiae isolates which had been selected in the previous study. The treatedl chicken were gouped into 6 goups (A, B, C, D, E and F), each goup consisted of 15 chickens. The doses of S.cerevisiae mixed with rice flour (107 x 106 CFU/g), were administered to each goup: 0; 0; 1.5; 3.0; 1.5 and 3.0 g/kg of feed respectively, and S. typhimurium was administered orally (0.2 ml/chicken 107 CFU/ml) to B, E and F goup a day after S.cerevisiae treatment each day for 5 days ,and then each week until 4 weeks in old. On day 10 th and 28 th,samples were collected, 3 chickens from each group were killed and autopsied. Liver, intestines and caecum were collected for pathological and histopatological examination. Cultural processes in order to reisolate S. typhimurium and S. cerevisiae was accomplished. Microbial population in the caecum was counted by serial dilution method, and cultivated in Nutrient Agar.The results of the study showed that a dose of 1.5 g/kg of feed S. cerevisiae was better on increasing body weight gain (38–119) g compared to the other goups, although statistical analizes was not significant. Effect of immunity of S. cerevisiae against S. typhimurium administration was not significant, but reisolation of S. typhimurium in the caecum more frequent in positip control goup than treated goups. Reisolation of S. cerevisiae was more frequent in 3.0 g and 1,5 g S. cerevisiae treated goups.

Key words: Saccharomyces, Salmonella, chickens

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The Influences of Turmeric (Curcuma Domestica Val) and Ginger (Zingiber Aromaticum Val) Meal in the Broiler Diet on the Visceral Organs Weight and...

noreply@blogger.com (farmsolution) — Wed, 26 Nov 2008 19:22:25 PST

IDA AYU KETUT BINTANG1 dan A.G. NATAAMIJAYA2
1Balai Penelitian Ternak, PO Box 221, Bogor 16002
2Balai Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian, Bogor

ABSTRACT

The Influences of Turmeric (Curcuma Domestica Val) and Ginger (Zingiber Aromaticum Val) Meal in the Broiler Diet on the Visceral Organs Weight and Meat Packing in Room Temperature

One hundred broiler chicks were assigned into 5 treatments with 4 replicates. Each replicate composed of 5 chicks. The treatments were R1 (commercial diet as a control); R2 (R1+ 0,04% turmeric + 0,02% ginger meal); R3 (R1 + 0,04% turmeric + 0,04% ginger meal); R4 (R1+ 0,04% turmeric + 0,08% ginger meal); and R5 (R1+ 0,04% turmeric + 0,16% ginger meal). Completely Randomized Design was applied in this study. One chick of each replicate were slaughtered, the parameters were observed. Results showed that weight percentage of spleen and liver were significantly affected (P<0,05) while gizzard, heart, intestine, and abdominal fat were not affected by the treatments. The meat of all treatments were decayed within 10 hours after the birds were slaughtered.

Key words: Turmeric, ginger, broiler

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The Effect of Cholesterol and Egg Yolk in the Tris Sitrat and Coconut Water to the Quality of Chilled Semen of Beef Cattle

noreply@blogger.com (farmsolution) — Wed, 26 Nov 2008 19:19:44 PST

LUKMAN AFFANDHY
Loka Penelitian Sapi Potong Grati

ABSTRACT

The productivities increase of beef cattle by means cross breeding with alternative technology of semen processing as optimum. This research was conducted at Beef Cattle Research Station, Grati from January to December 2002. Six bulls were used in this study (three heads Peranakan Ongole/PO and three heads Simmental crossbred bulls). The pattern design was used Block Experimental Design of factorial 2 X 2 X 2 (factor 1: tris-sitrat VS water coconut diluter; factor 2: 0 vs 0,5 mg cholesterol; factor 3: 10 vs 20% egg yellow) with six replications. The parameters were: semen volume, concentration, color, mortality, motility, abnormality and pH (fresh semen) and % motile, % live, % mortality, % abnormal and pH (Chilling Semen). The sperm concentration of straw was 50 million per ml sperm. The observation was held for 0,1,3, and 7 days for chilling semen and after diluting. The observation on fresh semen quality of PO bull was better than those of Simmental crossbreed, but the semen volume of Simmental crossbred were higher (5.8 ± 0.8 ml/ejaculation) than those on PO bull (3.5 ± 1.6 ml/ejaculation). The result showed that % motile, % live and pH or chilling semen on Simmental and PO bulls with water coconut or tris-sitrat diluter stored at temperature 50C during three days were not different and the motilities on Simmental and PO bulls were 43 – 53% and 41 – 63%, respectively. However, storing 50C during 7 days showed that water coconut diluter were higher than tris-sitrat. The effect of factor 10% vs 20% of yellow egg and adding cholesterol were not different. The price of coconut water was cheaper Rp 200, -/6 ml material than Rp700, -/6ml material. It was concluded that the semen qualities and quantities of PO and Simmental bulls were good and found used as bulls due to the standard and the processing of chilling. The processing methods of chilling semen bulls found to use water coconut diluter before 7 days stored temperature 50C and the processing technology of chilling semen bulls found to use tris-sitrat diluter with 10% yellow egg and not cholesterol for all.

Key words: Beef cattle, processing technology, chilled semen

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Spontaneous cholangiohepatitis in broiler chickens: immunohistochemical study of Ito cells

noreply@blogger.com (farmsolution) — Wed, 26 Nov 2008 19:16:12 PST

E. HANDHARYANI1, K. OCHIAI2, W.-WINARSIH1,
E. HARLINA1. dan S.ESTUNINGSIH1
1Laboratorium Patologi Veteriner, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Institut Pertanian Bogor;
2Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan

ABSTRACT

The function of Ito cells is expanding from a fat-storing site to a center of extracellular matrix metabolism and mediator production in the liver. Immunohistochemical reactivities of Ito cells were examined in eight livers of broiler chickens affected with spontaneous cholangiohepatitis and six chicken livers with malformation of extrahepatic biliary tracts. The livers in both groups revealed severe diffuse fibrosis. Ito cells expressing HHF35 muscle actin and desmin actively proliferated in the fibrotic foci of the all livers. The immunoreactivities of Ito cells to antibodies were enhanced compared with those in normal livers. There were no immunohistochemical differences between the Ito cells of two groups. From these findings, it was suggested that Ito cells actively proliferate and show enhanced immunoreactivities in the livers affected with cholangiohepatitis and malformation of extrahepatic biliary tracts.

Key words : Cholangiohepatitis, immunohistochemistry, ito cell, broiler chicken

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Isolation and Identification of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus from Outbreaks at Lipa City, Batangas, the Philippines

noreply@blogger.com (farmsolution) — Wed, 26 Nov 2008 19:12:54 PST

MUHARAM SAEPULLOH1 and HOPE G. ROVIRA2
1Research Institute for Veterinary Science, PO BOX 151, Bogor 16114
2Department of Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines

ABSTRACT

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an acute, highly contagious respiratory disease of poultry characterized by respiratory disorder such as coughing with blood exudate from the trachea. The disease is caused by Herpesvirus of the family Herpesviridae and subfamily of Alphaherpesvirus. ILT is worldwide distribution and has been reported to be present in the Philippines since 1980. Since then, confirmation of subsequent outbreaks were not reported. Isolation was conducted from nine commercial layer chicken farms located at Lipa City, Batangas from May to July 2002. Tracheal and lung extracts were processed and inoculated into embryonated chicken eggs by chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) inoculation. Five samples produced typical pock lesions in CAM after the second passage. Lesions observed were yellowish pocks with opaque edges, distributed throughout the CAM. A vaccine strain of the virus used as the positive control also produced similar pock lesions. Serological confirmation using the Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID) test showed sharp precipitation lines reacting to a standard reference ILTV antisera (anti-NS175). All five isolates produced lines of precipitate identity among themselves and the positive control. This study confirms that the 2002 disease outbreak in the commercial layer chicken farms in Lipa City, Batangas was due to the ILTV.

Key words: Infectious laryngotracheitis virus, agar gel immunodiffusion, isolation, pocks lesion, identification, CAM

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Canine Parvovirus Isolation in Dogs

noreply@blogger.com (farmsolution) — Wed, 26 Nov 2008 19:05:23 PST

INDRAWATI SENDOW dan T. SYAFRIATI
Balai Penelitian Veteriner, PO Box 151 Bogor 16114

ABSTRACT

Isolation of Canine Parvovirus(CPV),was conducted from dogs organ and feces which caused diarhoea and blood diarhoea. Organ and feces suspension was then inoculated in Feline Kidney (FK) cell lines and observed for cythopathic effect (CPE). Cells showing CPE indicated that there is isolate and continue to identification using Hemaglutination (HA) with pig red blood cell (RBC). Sample which had agglutinated pig RBC, was tested against Hemagluitination Inhibition (HI) using antisera reference antisera to CPV. Isolation results indicated that from 57 samples processed, only 10 samples showed CPE in FK cells and 6 of those produced agglutination with pig RBC using HA test and in HI reacted with refrence antisera CPV until titre 128. Those isolates were from feces and mucose of guts from dogs which showed blood diarhoea. From this data, it can be concluded that CPV can be isolated from feces dan mukose od guts.

Key words: Canine parvovirus, haemaglutination inhibition, isolation

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Integrity of swamp buffalo sperm on a variety of semen freezing process

noreply@blogger.com (farmsolution) — Wed, 26 Nov 2008 19:02:45 PST

HERDIS1, B. PURWANTARA2, I. SUPRIATNA2, dan I. G. PUTU3
1Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi, Gd. BPPT II Lt. 16, Jalan M.H. Thamrin No. 8, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
2Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Jalan Taman Kencana I No. 3, Bogor 16151, Indonesia
3Balai Penelitian Ternak, P.O. Box 211, Bogor 16002, Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Sperm of swamp buffalo bulls is easily damaged during freezing process. Acrosomal intact and plasma membrane intact is important factors in fertilization process. This experiment was aimed to study the effect of freezing method on sperm integrity. The result of experiment indicated that the mean of intact acrosomal and the intact plasma membrane for 4 hours of equilibration (52.24 ± 3.70% and 54.34 ± 4.80%) was significant higher (P<0.05)>0.05) with 6 hours of equilibration (47.92 ± 4.51% and 51.58 ± 4.25%). There were not significance difference between one step and two step of glycerolization. The best sperm integrity was resulted by freezing method with 4 hours of equilibration and two steps glicerolization.

Key words : Swamp buffalo bulls, sperm integrity, freezing process

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Fermented and unfermented palm kernel cake as broiler chicken feed

noreply@blogger.com (farmsolution) — Wed, 26 Nov 2008 18:59:07 PST

P.P. KETAREN, A. P. SINURAT, D. ZAINUDDIN, T. PURWADARIA,
dan I. P. KOMPIANG
Balai Penelitian Ternak
P.O. Box 221, Bogor 16002, Indonesia

ABSTRACT

An experiment was conducted to study the use of unfermented (BIS) and fermented palm kernel cake (FBIS) as broiler chicken feed. Two hundred and ten, day-old broiler chicks were used for this study. They were allotted to 6 different diets containing either BIS or FBIS at 3 different levels (5, 10 and 15%) and one control diet. The results showed that 5% BIS and 5% FBIS could be used in broiler diet without adversely affecting feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio. FCR of those diets were significantly (P<0.05) better than the control diet. Carcass yields were not significantly affected by feeding of BIS nor FBIS. The FBIS diet produced less abdominal fat than the BIS diet.

Key words : Palm kernel cake, fermentation, broilers

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Development of inactivated-local isolate vaccine for infectious bronchitis

noreply@blogger.com (farmsolution) — Wed, 26 Nov 2008 18:56:51 PST

DARMINTO
Balai Penelitian Veteriner
Jalan R.E. Martadinata 30, P.O. Box 151, Bogor 16114, Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute highly contagious viral respiratory disease of poultry caused by coronavirus. The disease causes high mortality in young chicks, reduce body weight gain in broilers and remarkable drop in egg production. IB can only be controlled by vaccination, but due to the antigenic variation among serotypes of IB viruses, the effective IB vaccine should be prepared from local isolates. The aim of this research is to develop inactivated IB vaccine derived from local IB isolates. Local isolates of IB viruses designated as I-37, I-269 and PTS-III were propagated respectively in specific pathogen free (SPF) chicken eggs, the viruses then were inactivated by formaline at final concentration of 1:1,000. Subsequently, the inactivated viruses were mixed and emulsified in oil emulsion adjuvant with sorbitant mono-oleic as an emulsifier. The vaccine then was tested for its safety, potency and efficacy in broiler chickens. Birds inoculated twice with a two-week interval by inactivated vaccine did not show any adverse reaction, either systemic or local reaction. The inoculated birds developed antibody responses with high titre, while antibody of the control birds remain negative. In addition, efficacy test which was conducted in broilers demonstrated that birds vaccinated by live-commercial vaccine and boosted three weeks later by Balitvet inactivated vaccine showed high level of antibody production which provided high level of protection against challenged virus (76% against I-37, 92% against I-269 and 68% against PTS-III challenge viruses). From this study, it can be concluded that inactivated local IB vaccine is considered to be safe, potent and efficacious. The vaccine stimulates high titre of antibody responses, which provide high level of protection against challenged viruses.

Key words: Infectious bronchitis, virus, broiler chicken, antibody, inactivated vaccine

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THE DETECTION OF OVINE HERPESVIRUS-2 IN RESERVOIR HOST OF MALIGNANT CATARRHAL FEVER IN INDONESIA BY MEANS OF POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION

noreply@blogger.com (farmsolution) — Tue, 25 Nov 2008 18:48:28 PST

AGUS WIYONO
Balai Penelitian Veteriner
Jalan R.E. Martadinata 30, P.O. Box 151, Bogor 16114, Indonesia

ABSTRAK

Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a fatal disease affecting large ruminants, some wild animals and pigs. Ovine herpesvirus- 2 (OHV-2) is the causal agent of sheep-associated MCF (SA-MCF). In Indonesia, sheep is epidemiologically implicated in the occurrence of MCF. Providing a sensitive and specific molecular biological technique, i.e. polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a wide range of MCF aspects on molecular level have been developed. The PCR has been successfully used to detect OHV-2 fragment in sheep samples such as peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) of sheep, nasal secretion of a sheep lamb, and organs of some sheep lambs. Fragment of OHV-2 was also detected in PBL of goats from some areas in Indonesia but not in PBL of pigs from Bali. These results suggest that sheep and sheep lambs are the potential reservoir hosts of MCF in Indonesia, while the role of goats as reservoir host of MCF has yet to be determined.

Key words : Ovine herpesvirus-2, polymerase chain reaction, reservoir host, malignant catarrhal fever, Indonesia

Studies on the transmission of malignant catarrhal fever in experimental animals: A serial infection of cattle and buffalo by means of whole blood in

noreply@blogger.com (farmsolution) — Tue, 25 Nov 2008 18:45:04 PST

AGUS WIYONO and RINI DAMAYANTI
Balai Penelitian Veteriner
Jalan R.E. Martadinata 30, P.O. Box 151, Bogar 16114, 1ndonesia

ABSTRACT

Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a fatal disease especially affecting cattle and buffaloes. A study on the serial blood transmission of MCF was conducted by injecting whole blood of MCF animals into 9 experimental animals. Diagnosis of MCF was based on the clinico-pathological fmdings and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. The disease has successfully, been achieved in six animals of three Bali cattle and three buffaloes but not in a Bali-cross breed and two Bos indicus (Ongole) cattle. Wide range of clinical signs and gross-pathological features were observed. The study showed the degree of susceptibility of experimental animals: Bali cattle and buffalo were highly susceptible (3 out of 3 affected with MCF), Bali-cross breed and Bos indicus (Ongole) cattle seemed not susceptible to whole blood experimental transmission. It shows that when Bali cattle acted as inoculum donor, buffalo tended to be clinically more severe than Bali cattle. On the other hand, when buffalo acted as inoculum donor, Bali cattle suffered from MCF more severe than buffalo. The diagnosis of MCF by histopathological examination and the PCR test bad positive correlation (100%) in the first experiment, while in the second experiment the PCR test tends to be more sensitive. Based on the restriction endonuclease (RE) test, the MCF causal agent in this study appeared to be genetically similar in each case. It is concluded that the serial experimental transmission of MCF by means of whole blood inoculation has been successfully achieved in Bali cattle and buffalo but not in Bali-cross breed and Ongole cattle, and there is a positive correlation between the PCR test and histopathological examination with the PCR test tends to be more sensitive.

Key words: MCF, serial transmission, blood, cattle, buffalo, Indonesia

Clinical responses of vaccinated Bali cattle against challenge with a field isolate of Bovine Herpesvirus- 1

noreply@blogger.com (farmsolution) — Tue, 25 Nov 2008 18:41:04 PST

SUDARISMAN
Balai Penelitian Veteriner
Jalan R.E. Martadinata No. 30, P.O. Box 52, Bogor 16114, Indonesia
(Diterima dewan redaksi 18 Oktober 2001)

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is to investigate the post challenge clinical responses of Bali cattle vaccinated with an inactivated vaccine of a field isolate Bovine Herpesvirus-1 after being challenged with the same virus. Twenty eight Bali cattle were divided into two groups of ten animals, one of which was vaccinated with a single dose and the other one was vaccinated with a booster dose of vaccination, and the rest of the animals were remained untreated as a control group. One month after the last vaccination, a half number of animals in each group were challenged intravenously with 5 x 108 TCID 50 pathogenic strain of BHV-1 local isolate. Clinical signs were observed from day 0 to day 14 after challenge. These observed included body temperature, mucosal membrane changes of nostril, vagina and palpebrae, hyperlacrimation and hypersecretion of nose and eyes. General clinical changes and mucous membrane lesions of nostril were scored from 0 to 3. The results showed that the non-vaccinated animals: elevated temperature (up to 40.1°C), hyperlacrimation, nasal discharge and mucosal hyperaemia of nostril and vagina after challenge. The duration of illness ranged from 3 to 7 days. Symptoms appeared after an incubation periode of 3 days and disappeared after 5 days (day 9). These clinical symptoms didn’t appear on the vaccinated animals with single or boostered vaccination. One month after vaccination, the antibody titre reached 211 (2048) based on serum neutralisation test (SNT). These vaccinated animals showed good immune respons to BHV-1.

Key words: Clinical responses, inactivated vaccine, field isolate, BHV-1, Bali cattle.

Pengaruh Kolesterol Terhadap Daya Hidup dan Fertilitas Spermatozoa Sapi

noreply@blogger.com (farmsolution) — Wed, 19 Nov 2008 07:41:20 PST

SITUMORANG, P.
2002. Pengaruh kolesterol terhadap daya hidup dan fertilitas spermatozoa sapi.
JITV 7(4): 251-258.

ABSTRAK

Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh kolesterol terhadap daya hidup dan fertilitas semen dingin dan semen beku sapi. Semen ditampung dengan vagina buatan, diencerkan dengan pengencer Tris-citrat dan didinginkan sampai suhu 50C selama 60 menit. Setelah ekuilibrasi selama 4 jam semen dibekukan dengan meletakkan straw 5 cm diatas permukaan nitrogen cair selama 10 menit. Rancangan penelitian adalah faktorial 2 x 3 dengan 2 tingkat kuning telur (10 dan 20% v/v) dan 3 tingkat kolesterol (0; 0,5 dan 1,0 mg/ml). Daya hidup spermatozoa dievaluasi setelah suhu 50C, disimpan pada suhu 50C selama 1,3 dan 7 hari dan setelah dicairkan kembali. Uji fertilitas, sapi diinseminasi buatan (IB) dengan semen dingin atau semen beku pada waktu birahi atau 6 jam setelah birahi. Palpasi rektal untuk mengetahui kebuntingan dilakukan 3 bulan setelah IB. Persentase motil sperma lebih tinggi pada 0,5 mg/ml dibandingkan dengan 0,0 maupun 1,0 mg/ml kolesterol, tetapi perbedaan tidak nyata secara statistik. Pengaruh kolesterol terhadap persentase motil setelah dicairkan kembali nyata secara statistik (P<0,05). style="text-align: center;">Download Farm Journal :

KARKAS DAN POTONGAN BAGIAN KARKAS AYAM F1 SILANGAN PELUNG-KAMPUNG, YANG DIBERI RANSUM BERBEDA PROTEIN

noreply@blogger.com (farmsolution) — Wed, 19 Nov 2008 07:35:35 PST

SOFJAN ISKANDAR, HETY RESNAWATI, dan DESMAYATI ZAINUDDIN
Balai Penelitian Ternak
P.O. Box 221, Bogor 16002, Indonesia

ABSTRACT
Observation on carcass and carcass' cuts of F1 crossbred of Pelung x Kampung chickens influenced by dietary protein (15%, 17%, 19%, and 21% crude protein=CP) was carried out at the Research Institute for Animal Production, Ciawi Bogor. There were 360-day-old chicks of the crossbred, allocated to 9 dietary-protein treatments. The treatments were P1 (21%-17% CP), which was the ration with 21% CP given to chicks aged of 0-6 weeks, then continued with 17% CP ration up to 12 week of age; P2 was 21%-15% CP; P3 was 19%-19% CP; P4 was 19%-17% CP; P5 was 19%-15% CP; P6 was 17%-17% CP; P7 was 17%- 15% CP; P8 was 15%-19% CP and P9 was 15%-15% CP. At 6 and 12 weeks of age each two out of 10 birds per cage were randomly picked for carcass and carcass portion analysis. Results showed that carcass and wings of 6 weeks of age birds were not significantly (P>0.05) influenced by dietary protein, whilst breast and thighs & drumsticks were significantly (P<0.05)>
Key words: F1 crossbred of Pelung x Kampung chickens, dietary protein, carcass and carcass' cuts

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PENDUGAAN JARAK GENETIK DAN FAKTOR PEUBAH PEMBEDA BANGSA DAN KELOMPOK DOMBA DI INDONESIA MELALUI PENDEKATAN ANALISIS MORFOLOGI

noreply@blogger.com (farmsolution) — Sat, 15 Nov 2008 23:48:48 PST

AGUS SUPARYANTO, T. PURWADARIA, dan SUBANDRIYO
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner 4(2): 80-87.

Analisis morfologi dengan pendekatan teknik diskriminan dan canonical digunakan untuk menduga jarak genetik dan peubah pembeda antar bangsa dan kelompok domba di Indonesia yaitu domba Ekor Tipis (DET) yang berasal dari Deli Serdang (Sumatera Utara), Ciamis, Garut (Jawa Barat), dan domba Ekor Gemuk (DEG) yang berasal dari Garahan dan Pamekasan (Jawa Timur). Jumlah sampel domba yang diamati sebanyak 665 ekor yang diambil dari ternak rakyat dan 183 ekor dari stasiun pembibitan. Peubah ukuran tubuh yang diamati meliputi bobot badan, panjang badan, tinggi pundak, dalam dada, lingkar dada, tinggi pinggul, dalam pinggul, lingkar pinggul, panjang ekor, lebar ekor dan tebal ekor. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis diskriminan sederhana dengan menggunakan paket program SAS. Hasil yang didapat dari uji jarak Mahalanobis dan peta penyebaran menunjukkan bahwa kelompok domba terdiri atas dua bangsa yang terpisah jelas. Di satu pihak adalah kelompok domba Ciamis, Garut dan Sumatera. Di lain pihak adalah kelompok domba Pamekasan dan Garahan. Kelompok domba Ciamis dan Garut dilihat dari fenotipiknya dipengaruhi oleh adanya campuran dengan kelompok domba Garahan sebesar 1,01% dan 1,20%, tetapi tidak tercampuri oleh kelompok domba Pamekasan (0,00%). Kesamaan ukuran fenotipik terbesar antar individu dalam kelompok terdapat pada domba Sumatera (84,27%) yang merupakan kelompok terisolasi. Kelompok ini lebih besar dicampuri oleh domba Ciamis (7,87%) dan Garut (5,62%) dibandingkan dengan kelompok Garahan (1,69%) dan Pamekasan (0,5%). Hasil analisis canonical menunjukkan bahwa ukuran fenotipik panjang badan, lingkar dada, lingkar pinggul dan bobot badan kurang dapat digunakan sebagai peubah pembeda bangsa, sedangkan ukuran ekor (panjang, lebar dan tebal) sebagai peubah kuat dalam pembeda kelompok bangsa.

Kata kunci : Domba, jarak genetik, morfologi

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