Sociology

SA: 532: Theoretical Perspectives in Anthropology 2067

2011-07-26T04:18:00.000-07:00

Tribhuvan University

2067

Masters Level/I Year/Humanities Full Marks: 100

SA: 532 (Theoretical Perspectives in Anthropology) Time: 4 hrs

(For: Regular Students Only)

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own works as far as practicable.

The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

Attempt any THREE Questions from Group 'A' and FOUR from Group 'B'.

Group "A"

Long Answer Questions

What are the unique characteristics of anthropology perspective in general? Does anthropology have just one or many perspectives? Discuss in brief.
What are the intellectual and political contexts for the post-colonial and subaltern studies in anthropology? Explain in detail.
Discuss the major concepts and approaches evident in Greetz articles: "Thick Description: Towards and Interpretive Theory of Culture" and "Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese Cockfight." While doing so, examine his general methodological position and the significance of his work to anthropology.
Leslie White's main interest was not in general evolution but instead it was on the overall movement of human culture as a whole and he attempted to explain what makes this occur. Elaborate his evolutionary scheme with illustrations.

Groups "B"

What do you understand by 'revolution in ethnological time'? According to Trautman, what were the principle effects of time revolution in ethnology?
Furnish anthropological explanations on the essentials of the Kula among the Argonauts of the Western Pacific.
What consist of structures in Levi-Strauss's structuralism? Discuss his Alliance Theory of Kinship.
What are the key arguments in The Gift? Discuss his idea of total presentation in the book by Mauss.
Write an essay on the development of anthropology in Nepal. Include an examination of the state of theoretical methodological and substantive developments to date.
Write short notes on any TWO:

Post-modernism and ethnography
Linton on Status and role
Godelier and Marxist anthropology
The concept of agency in ethnographic research

SA 535: Research Methods in Sociology/Anthropology

2011-07-18T06:50:00.001-07:00

Tribhuvan University

2067

Master Level / I year / Humanities Full Marks: 100

SA 535: Research Methods in Sociology/Anthropology Time: 4 hrs

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.

The figures in the margin indicate full narks.

Attempt any three questions from Group ‘A’ and four questions from Group ‘B’

Group ‘A’

Long Answer Questions 3*20=60

1. ……………..

2. ……………..

3. ……………..

4. ……………..

Group ‘B’

Short Answer Question 4*10=40

5. ……………..

6. ……………..

7. ……………..

8. ……………..

9. ……………..

10. Write short notes on any two of the followings:

a. …………..

b. ……………

c. …………..

Model Questions

A. Long Answer Questions (3 questions x 20 marks)

Explain why we carry out social research. Design a research on correlates of literacy.
Describe how different stages of a social research are mutually connected.
What are the attributes of a good research problem? Why is research problem different from a social problem?
Differentiate among disciplinary, interdisciplinary and problem-oriented types of research. Elaborate the utility of each type.

Describe and assess the trends in sociological and anthropological research in Nepal.

What is the relationship between theory and research? Illustrate with an example how it is possible to take different approaches to study a particular social problem.
Discuss cultural-ecological theoretical-epistemological model and its research protocols.

Discuss the similarities and differences between structural-functional and conflict metatheories and their research designs.

Write an essay on structure-functional metatheory and its research protocols.

What are the distinguishing features of exploratory, descriptive and experimental research designs? Illustrate your answer with appropriate expmples.
What is experimental research design? Discuss various types of experimental research design with examples.
Define research the main features of exploratory, descriptive and explanatory types of research design. Elaborate the strengths and weaknesses of each type.

Define research design and explain its importance to social research. Describe the main features of descriptive research design.

Define and explain concept, variable, measurement, reliability and validity. Give appropriate examples for each.
What is measurement? Discuss the postulates and levels of measurement and their corresponding modes of data analysis. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples.
Write as essay on RRA, PRA and AIA. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each of these techniques.
Write an essay on case studies and life histories. Elaborate the utility of these techniques in anthropological research.
What is interview? Explain various types of interviews with suitable examples. Elaborate the utility of interview as a technique of qualitative data generation.

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What are the distinguishing features of probability and non-probability sampling designs. Describe the sampling procedures, used and limitations of any three types of probability sampling.
Describe the similarities and differences between a questionnaire and structured interview schedule. Elaborate the uses and limitations of each of these techniques in survey research.

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Define mean, median and mode. Illustrate them with appropriate examples. Point out their strengths and weaknesses as measures of central tendency.
Define standard deviation and explain it with appropriate examples. Elaborate its utility in quantitative analysis. Compute standard deviation by using the appropriate formula with following figures:

Given: Sum of the values ( ) = 60

Sum of the squares of the values ( ) = 450

Total number of items (n) = 10

* What is Chi-square rest and when is it used? Provide formula and steps to calculate a chi-square value ( ) and describe how the chi-square ( ) value is interpreted.

* The distribution of 500 respondents according to their family size and educational status is given in the table below. Find whether the two variables are associated using Chi-square test.

df = 4 p =.05 = 9.488

df = 4 p = .01 =13.277

What is rank correlation coefficient and when is it used? Provide formula and steps to calculate the value of spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (r ) between two sets of ranks and describe how the value of r is interpreted.
What is person’s product moment correlation coefficient and when is it used? Provide the formula and steps to calculate the value of person’s correlation coefficient (r) between X and Y series and describe how the value of r is interpreted.

Short Answer Question (4 question X 10 marks)

Why is literature review an important component of research?
What is a theoretical framework? Why are theoretical frameworks important in social research?
What is an indicator? Develop and justify three different sets of indicators of socioeconomic status.
What is the utility of secondary data analysis? Describe the major secondary sets of data in Nepal for researching levels and trends in consumption?
Why is ethics important in social research? What are the major ethnical issues involved in social research?
What kind of data should be collected through a social survey? Why?
What are the major ethical issues in social science research? Illustrate with appropriate examples.

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Explain how theory, method and data are interrelated.
Explain the interrelationship between theory and research.
Describe how metatheory and research agenda are interrelated.
Describe feminist theoretical model and discuss its research protocols.
What is Marxist metatheory? What are its research protocols?
Differentiate between induction and deduction with appropriate examples.

Write an essay on induction, deduction and generalization.

What are the qualities of a good research design? Discuss the uses and limitations of descriptive research design.
Differentiate between cross-sectional and longitudinal research designs with appropriate examples.
What is a historical research design? What are the strengths and limitations of historical research design?
Differentiate between explanatory and descriptive types of research design. Elaborate the utility of each type.

Write an essay on experimental research design.

Explain various types of symmetrical and asymmetrical relationships with appropriate examples.
Define concept and variable, and elaborate them with appropriate examples.
What is measurement? Explain different levels of measurement with suitable examples.
Explain correlation, causality and spurious interpretations with appropriate examples.

Describe the content, construct and criterion validity and validation with suitable examples.

Assess the importance of participant observation in an anthropological research.
Assess the utility of genealogical methods in anthropological research

Describe RRA and PRA techniques and assess their utility in qualitative data generation?

Assess the utility of ethnographic accounts in anthropological research.
What is meant by conversation analysis? Explain with appropriate examples.

Write on essay on content analysis.

Discuss the similarities and differences between a questionnaire and structured interview schedule.
Describe the sampling procedures of systematic and stratified random sampling designs. Elaborate the uses and limitations of these sampling techniques.
Assess the uses and limitations of structured interview schedule in survey research.

What is a questionnaire? Discuss its uses and limitations in survey research.

Describe mean, median and mode with suitable examples.
Define/explain mean and standard deviation. Give suitable examples for each.
Define/explain ‘arithmetic mean’ and discuss its merits and demerits as a measura of central tendency.

What is Average Deviation? Discuss its merits and demerits as a measure of dispersion.

Discuss how qualitative and quantitative research tools and techniques are complementary to each other.
Explain how qualitative and quantitative approaches of analysis are complementary to each other.
“The main issue for a good quality research is not choosing between qualitative and quantitative approaches of analysis but making a combination of both”. Elucidate.

Short Notes:

Literature review
Narrative
Pie-chart
Comparative research designs
Archival study
Ratio, Proportion and rate
Reliability
Control
Discourse analysis
Documentary research
Sampling error
Determination of sample size
Degree of freedom
Level of confidence
Interpretation
Limitations of survey research
Snowball-sampling
Correlation and causality
Standard deviation
Arithmetic mean
Histograms
Non-probability sampling
Social research
Purposive sampling
Cluster sampling
Advantages and disadvantages of Chi-square ( ) test.

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SA 534: Analysis of social Institutions and Processes Suggested Study Question for the Course

2011-07-18T06:47:00.000-07:00

SA 534: Analysis of social Institutions and Processes

T.U. M.A. Sociology Question 2067 (SA : 531)

2011-07-14T04:03:00.000-07:00

SA:531 (Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology)
For Regular Student

Full Marks: 100
Time: 4 hrs.

Attempt any THREE questions from group 'A' and FOUR from Group 'B'

Group "A"

Long Answer Questions

1. "Structuration refers to the dynamic process whereby structures come into being and are reproduced recursively through social practices via the duality of structure." Elaborate this statement drawing upon the ideas of Anthony Giddings.

2. Drawing upon ideas of the scholars mentioned in your readings discuss the relative polarity of macro and micro perspectives and highlight of the usefulness of their integration in social analysis.

3. Social world is a cultural product of conscious process rather than an objectives reality. Explain this statement in the light of argument produced by Peter Berger and T.Luckmann in their treatise on The Social Construction of the Reality.

4. For Spencer society evolves like an organism involving growth and expansion of its structure and increasing differentiation of activities performed by its units. Elaborate.

Group "B"

5. Discuss on Durkheim's contribution to structural and functional analysis of society.

6. How Marxist perspective analysis the institution of family and marriage.

7. Pulling ideas from the world system perspectives analyze the role played by NGOs and INGOs in the context of core and peripheral societies.

8. What are the critiques made by critical theory about the failure of current body of Knowledge to contribute towards the emancipation of the population?

9. Highlight of the movements on micro-macro integration on sociological perspectives.

10. Write short notes on any TWO of the following:

a. Cooley's conception of looking glass self
b. Functional importance of social stratification
c. The idea of interpretation

Suggested model question For T.U. student (SA:532)

2011-07-13T05:04:00.000-07:00

SA 532: Theoretical Perspectives in Anthropology

Suggestion study question for the course

Contribution: Ram B chhetri, om gurung , Laya Uprety, janak rai and nabin rawal

NOTE: The list of study question is meant to guide the classroom discussion and/or lectures in general. This question may also help the student in orienting themselves to the course and preparing for their exam. Having said this it should be noted that this list is not exhaustive-that is not all issues pertinent to the theories or perspectives in question have been addressed by the question in this list. Depending on the ‘material’ covered in the classroom or based on the ‘Required Reading’, slighty different types (or with different wording or focus in some cases) of question should be expected in the exams.

Unit I: Historical Development of Anthropology [20]

Unit I-I.A. Anthropology Perspectives

Unit I-I.B. History of the Discipline

1. What are the unique characteristics of anthropology perspective in general? Does anthropology have just one or many perspectives? Discuss in briefly.

2. Discuss in brief the intellectual, economy and political contexts that influence the rise of anthropology in the west as a ‘science of culture’ and as a ‘science of primitive societies’ in the 19^th and 20^th century. Discuss this by referring the required reading on this subject by Harries. Pels. and Trouillot.

3. Enlightenment period served as the foundation of contemporary anthropology theory and as the basic forms of reference in terms of which issues of socio-cultural inquiry is still carried out. Discuss.

4. How has positivism influence the study of socio-cultural life by anthropologist?

5. Why are three scholars, viz..Durkheim, Weber and marx important for anthropology? How have they influenced different theoretical perspectives?

6. Elaborate on the intellectual influence of Durkheim, Weber and Marx to contemporary theoretical developments and discourses in anthropology.

. Explain the relation between political and economical dominance and the forms of knowledge production in relation to the debates on the anthropology of colonialism. Use your reading to supports your arguments.

7. How does Peter Pels use the concept of governmentality in order to discuss the anthropology of colonialism as way of understanding the history the discipline of anthropology? Describe with appropriate examples.

8. How does Trouillot argue that anthropology’s construction of the “other” was not in fact its own? He contends that it actually inherited a “savage slot” from western philosophy and utopian thinking that long pre- existed anthropology. Explain with illustrations from his article.

What is the central argument of the article “Anthropology and the savage slot. The poetics and politics of otherness” by Michel-Rolp Trouillot? How does he go about explaining it?
Critically examine the idea that scientific racism was practiced in the US in the early 19^th century and as such it still has implications for the rise of anthropology. Cite works by anthropologists to support your answer.

Unit I-2.over view of the Development of Anthropology in the world…..

1. Write an essay on the development of Anthropology in the US, UK, France, Germany, South Asia (particular references to India) and Nepal based on a theoretical review and major theoretical approaches(This question can be broken down into several question-at least one for each of the region/ countries listed here).

2. Briefly discuss the similarities and differences in the historical trajectories of the development of anthropological fieldwork traditional in the UK and USA.

3. Trace the development of theoretical contribution by American anthropologists beginning from Boas and Kroeber. Discuss briefly the major theoretical orientation of American anthropologists.

4. “Much of French anthropology has been theory driven”. Substantiate this statement with reference to the theoretical contribution of leading 20^th century French anthropologists.

5. Discuss in briefly the development in anthropological theory in Britain from the time of Tylor to the present.

6. Present a brief outline of the development of anthropology in the “German-speaking countries”, Discuss how their use of such race, psychic unity of mankind, diffusion, and human- environment relation were different from those of their counterparts in countries like the US and Britain.

7. Write a critical essay on the development of anthropology in and on Nepal. Also provide a brief discussion of the development of academic program on the subject at TU.

8. Write a short essay on the development of anthropology in Nepal. Include an examination of the state of theoretical, epistemological and substantive developments to date.

9. Discuss in briefly the history of anthropology in Nepal focusing on the trends of ethnographic researches and the institutions development of anthropology.

10. Trace the development of anthropology in Indian. What are some of concepts used in Indian anthropological works that relevance for similar works in Nepal also?

Unit II: Major Classical Theoretical Approaches [75]

Unit II-1. Culture Theories and the ‘sciences’ of cultural (10)

Unit II-1.A. Evolutionism

1. What are the key premises of classical evolutionary theory? i) Critically examine Tylor’s ideas on evolution of culture; ii) Critically examine Morgan’s ideas on evolution of the family.

2. Explain the context for Tylor’s “science of cultural” and discuss his definition of culture. Assess the modern and method he uses to talk about cultural variability.

3. According to Bohanan and Galzer “Three aspects of Morgan’s works still live”. What are they? Discuss their importance and relevance. Give examples to support your points.

4. Critically examine Morgn’s evolutionary scheme and methods as outlined in his work on “Ancient Socety”.

5. Write a critical essay on: i) E.B. Tylor’s contribution to anthropology; ii) L.H. Morgan’s contribution to anthropology.

6. Write shorts notes on:

a) Tylor’s definition of culture

b) Morgan’s Materialist approach to evolution of family

c) Method of analysis adopted by classical evolutionists

d) Psychic unity of mankind

Unit II-1.B. Diffusionism

1. What are the basic premises of Diffusionism in anthropology? Discuss the Pan-Egyptian theory with references to its major contributors. What were the major weaknesses of this school?

2. What was the context for the coming of diffusimnism in anthropology? Compare and contrast the three schools of diffusionism.

3. What concepts and methods distinguished American diffusionist from other diffusionists? Examine the key contributions made by Boas, Kroeber and Wissler.

4. Write short notes on:

a) Pan-Egyptian theory

b) Cultural circle school

c) Method adopted by Diffusionists

d) Comparative method

Unit II-1.C. Historical particularism…Franz Boas

1. What do you know about Boas as an anthropologist? Write a briefly note on his contribution to American anthropology.

2. How do you explain the concept of cultural relativism? i) How was this concept used by Boas and his followers in talking about cultural? ii) How is Boas’s ideas of ‘historical particularism’ related to cultural relativism? Use illustrations to support your answer.

3. Write an essay on Boas’s contributions to professionalization of anthropology with particular reference to his ideas on ‘Method’.

4. Write shorts notes on:

a) Cultural relativism

b) Boas and American anthropology

c) Scientific racism and Anthropology

d) History particularism

Unit II-1.D. Linking theories to….

1. What do you understanding by ‘revolution in ethnological time’? According to Trautman, what were the principal effects of time revolution in ethnology?

2. Anthropological field-work can be characterized as a travel between different ‘times as well as spaces’. Explain this ideas on the basis of a trouillot’s argument on anthropology and the savage slot.

3. Write shorts notes on:

a) The idea of west and the others in anthropology

b) Anthropology of colonialism

Unit II-2. Functionalism and Structural-Functionalism (12)

1. Critically evaluate the contribution of A.R. Radcliffe-Brown to structural-functionalism in anthropology

2. Furnish anthropology explanations on the essentials of the kula among the Argonauts of the Western Pacific.

3. How do you like the functional and structural-functional theories with ethnographic fieldwork, holism and the idea of “non-western, non-capitalist, and simple societies”? Explain with evidences.

4. Write short notes on:

a) Social structure

b) Concept of function

c) The meaning of fula

Unit II-3. French Structural Anthropology (6)

1. Write a short essay on Structuralism of Levi-Strauss. In your write-up, mention the major intellectual influences on Levi-Strauss a well as contributions and influences in anthropology.

2. How does Levi-Strauss view structural analysis? Critically examine the Alliance Theory of Kinship propounded by Levi-Strauss.

3. What consist of structures in Levi-Strauss’s structuralism? Discuss his ideas on the structure of myth with reference to the story of Asdiwal.

4. Present an outline of Levi-Strauss’s methods for classification. Examine his ideas and contributions to the theory of primitive classification as presented in his book ‘The salvage Mind’. Use illustrations to illuminate your points.

5. Write short notes on:

a) Alliance theory of kinship

b) Influence of linguistics on Levi-Strauss’s Structuralism

c) Levi-Strauss and the idea of binary opposition

Unit II-4. Anthropology and Moral Economies (10)

1. According to Mauss what power resides in the objects given in exchange that cause its recipient to pay it back? What are the major critiques of ideas by scholars?

2. Trace the key intellectual influences on Mauss. Examine his ideas on exchange and his legacy in anthropology.

3. What are the key argument in The Gift? Discuss his idea prestation with illustration of exchange in Archaic societies present the book.

4. What do you understand by ‘moral economic’. What are reasons does Shalins provide to make a point that hunter-gatherers are the original affluent society?

5. Write a critical essay on the model of exchange proposed by Sahlins in his paper “on the Sociology of Primitive Exchange”.

6. Write shorts notes on:

a) Total prestation

b) Marcel Mauss

c) Marshall Sahlins

Unit II-5. Culture and personality (8)

1. Discuss the context for the emergence of culture and perspective in anthropology. How does its focus on culture and personality differ from that of other similar approaches?

2. Trace the intellectual influences on a) Linton b) Benedict? Critically examine his/her major contribution to the culture and personality approach in anthropology. [3 questions]

3. What are the basic premises of psychological anthropology? Examine a) Linton’s contributions with reference to his ideas on the correlation between personality and culture or status and role; b) Discuss Benedict’s configuration approach to culture and personality (with reference to her book Patterns of Culture); c) Examine Mead’s idea (in coming of age in Samoa) that explanation of personality must take into account the cultural context of the individuals or groups in question. [3 questions]

4. Write shorts notes on:

a) Culture and personality

b) Status and personality

c) Socialization and personality

d) Nature and nuture debate

Unit II-6. Symbolic and Interpretive Anthropology (12)

1. Write is meant by anthropology of symbolism? What are the distinctive theoretical and methodological features of symbolic anthropology? Elaborate and examine.

2. How is the study of culture as systems meaning or symbols different to the study of culture as behavior? Discuss the major concepts and approaches as evident in a) Geertz’s work on the Baliness; or b) Turner’s analysis of rituals among the Ndembu ; c) Schneider’s analysis of American kinship; or d) Doglas concepts of purity and pollution. [Four tail questions]

3. How does Geetz(1966) define culture and how does go about the task of developing a theory based on the view that religion is part of a cultural system?

4. Discuss the major concepts and approaches evident in works on interpretive anthropology. While doing so, examine his general methodological position and the significance of his work for interpretive approaches in anthropology.

5. In “Symbols in Nedmbu Ritual”, how does Victor Turner outline the basic properties of symbols and differentiates his method of symbolic analysis with psychoanalytic thought?

6. In “Symbols in Ndembu Ritual”, how does Turner go about elucidating the structure and properties of ritual symbol? In particular discuss how symbols can be made from three classes of data and also describe the two kinds of symbols and their inherent properties.

7. What conception of culture does Mary Douglas employ in her work with reference to her article “External Boundaries”? How does she show that a human body is a metaphor for society?

8. David Schneider challenged the anthropological theory and put forward the argument that Kinship was entire culture of powerful symbols and meanings. He also argued that in American cultural conception, kinship is formulated in concrete biogenetic term. Discuss.

9. According to David Schneider American Kinship can be divided into two groups. Explain them with examples.

10. Write short notes on:

(a) Culture as text

(b) Social drama

Unit II-7. Ecological Approaches (13)

1.Leslie White’s main interest was not in general evolution of culture but instead it was on the overall movement of human culture as a whole and he attempted to explain what makes this occur. Elaborate with illustrations.

2. Based on the Julian Steward’s write-up “Concept and Method of cultural Ecology (1988)”, critically discuss his key concepts and fundamental procedures of cultural ecology.

3. What is meant by ecosystem? Discuss the contribution of Roy A. Rappaport to ecological perspective based on his work “Ritual Regulation of Environmental Relations among a New Guinea People”.

4. Discuss the theoretical and epistemological principle of Marvin Harrin’s cultural Materialism? How does he explain the phenomenon of “Mother Cow” in “The cultural Ecology of India’s Sacred Cattle (1966)”.

Unit II-8. Marxism and Anthropology (14)

1. Critically analyze the anthropological impetus in Marxism.

2. Explain in detail the Marxian theory of value with a focus on economic and anthropological approach to value.

3. How is the Marxian approach useful in the stud of non-capitalist societies and cultures? Explain with empirical evidences.

4. How does Friedrich Engels furnish anthropological explanation of the origin of the private property, the family and the state? Explain with appropriate illustrations.

5. What is needed for any one to become a Marxist in anthropology? Furnish your interpretation based on Maurice Godelier’s ideas

6. How do you analyze the relationship between Marxism and anthropology? Furnish your explanation based on the analysis of Marxism by Maurice Bloch.

7. Write short notes on:

(a) Commodity

(b) Commodity fetishism

Unit III: Crisis and critical Turns in Anthropology (1970-80) [10]

1. Write an essay on the crisis and critical turns in anthropology that took place during the 1970s and 1980s with reference to one particular article you have read in this course.

2. Why and how did the idea of ‘culture’, ‘field’ and ‘field work’ that have long been the heart of anthropology got challenged and debated by anthropologists in the early 1970s and 1980s? Draw from required readings (Gupta and Ferguson, Appadurai, Lila Abu-Lughod. Etc) to frame your arguments.

3. Critically examine the arguments that Talal Asad puts forth in his editorial introduction to “Anthropology and the colonial Encounter” in order to make a point that anthropological framework has its antecedents in colonial legacy.

4. In the 1970s, the debates on the history of anthropology took a new turn with the publication of ‘Anthropology and the colonial Encounter’ in which Talal Asad critically challenged the assumed political neutrality of anthropology by tracing how colonial encounter affected anthropology. Discuss Asad’s main arguments in his introductory remarks in the book. Do you agree or disagree with Asad? Elaborate your arguments.

5. Anthropology was characterized by efforts geared towards descriptions and analysis carried out by Europeans for European audience of non-European societies dominated by Europe. Examine this statement based on Talal Asad’s editorial introduction in Anthropology ad colonial Encounter.

6. How does Arjun Appadurai argue that anthropological images such as hierarchy become hegemonic and confined to certain places under certain circumstances? Explain his key arguments presented in “putting Hierarchy in its place” (1988).

7. What is the central aim of the article in “Making the Other: Vignettes of Violence in Andamanese Cultural (2000)”? Based on this article discuss how “violence” can also be a means by which trial people designate the settlers as “others” and vice-versa?

8. Knowledge production in the west is culturally conditioned and anthropology may continue as partners of domination pr hegemony or reinvent itself by critically reexamining the notion of culture. Discuss this statement with reference to Edward said’s article “Representing the colonized: Anthropology’s Interlocutors”.

9. How does sally slocum argue that there is a male bias inherent in anthropology by re-examining the matter of evolution of Homo sapiens and in particular the concept of “Man the Hunterer”? Discuss her arguments in detail.

10. M.Z. Rosaldo makes a critical argument that existing feminist interpretive frameworks rise out of particular epistemology based on Victorian gender ideology. How has she focused on the limitations and biases that have been introduced into the feminist interpretive frameworks? Discuss.

11. Discuss the article “Theory in Anthropology: On the demise of the concept of culture” by Aram A. Yengoyan. What conclusions does he draw after putting forth his analysis for the demise of culture?

12. What is Lila Abu-Lughod’s central argument in “Writing Against Culture”? Explain how she explores the idea that feminist and halfies through their practice of anthropology are able to unsettle the boundary between “self” and reflect on the conventional nature and political effects of the distinction, thus making them reconsider the concept of culture.

Unit IV-2. Post-moderism, Post-colonialism, subaltern studies, Indigenism and Anthropology (20)

1. How does George Marcus treat ethnography as text in his post-modernist anthropological analysis? Explain in detail with illustrations.

2. Write a critical essay on ‘post-modernism and ethnography’.

3. What is post-structuralism? Examine its major influences in anthropology?

4.How dc F. Mascia-Lees, P.Sharpe and C.B. Cohen analyze the post-modernist turn in anthropology? What caution do they provide from a feminist perspective?

5.What are the intellectual and political contexts for the post-colonial and subaltern studies in anthropology? Explain in detail.

6. Critically evaluate the influences of post-colonial and subaltern studies in anthropology?

7. How do Ramchandra Guha and Terence turner contribute to the study of indigenism and anthropology? Explain in detail.

8.What are the relationships between indigenism, culture rights and anthropology? Explain in detail with illustations.

9.Write short notes on:

(a) Deconstruction

(b) Post-modernism

Unit IV: Contemporary Theoretical Trends and Debates [45]

Unit IV-1. Practice, Power, Agency and Resistance (15)

1.Critically analyze the ‘theory of practice’ as propounded by Pierre Bourdieu.

2. How does Michel Foucault present his analysis on capillary power and governmenrakity? Discuss his intellectual influences in anthropology?

3. How do Antonio Gramsci and James Scott analyze the concepts of ‘hegemony’, ‘resistance’ and ‘agency’? How can these concepts be applied in ethnographic researches?

4. Write shot notes on:

(a) Habitus

(b) Power

Unit IV-3. Anthropology: Global-Local Interface, and Anthropology(10)

1. How does Arjun Appadurai explain the cultural dimensions of globalization? Explain with special reference to global ethnoscapes.

2. Critically analyze the global-local interface by focusing on the anthropology of globalization and transnationalism?

3. How does Nancy Scherper-Huges explain local-global interface in her contribution ‘commodity fetishism in organs trafficking’? Explain in detail with illustrations.

4. Critically locate the anthropology of Nepal in the contexts or theoretical developments, crisis and shifts in anthropology.

5. Write short notes on any TWP:

(a) Globalization

(b) Transnational anthropology

EPS-KLT Result 2011 Published Today on Bhadra 6

2011-07-11T22:22:00.000-07:00

It is the most latest news for the EPS examiner that EPS-KLT (Employment Permit System-Korean Language Test) Result 2011 has been published today on 6 Bhadra 2068 (23 August 2011). Its official website epsnepal.gov.np is not opening its program. It may have the programming problem. When the result appears then you can get result from this site. For that keep checking.

For this year Korea has taken 15,298 worker from this examination. They all will have 5 years work contract with the company. In south Korea there is well payment for Nepali worker in the comparison of Gulf Countries. So, the thousands of Nepali young are attracted with the Korea.

For Detail information about EPS-KLT result 2011 please visit this site... http://www.historynepal.com/2010/07/result-of-eps-klt-2011-when-will-be.html. For official website please visit this. www.epsnepal.gov.np