SAP ABAP Interview Questions

Top 7 Trending SAP Modules in 2017 And 2018

2017-05-27T02:48:00.000-07:00

SAP company was founded in 1972 by five IBM engineers Hopp, Hector, Tschira, wellenreuther and plattner. It has come a long way since then. They have released the latest version of SAP HANA in 2016, which allows it to be run on personal computers or on cloud computing platforms, for students as well as small-scale developers.

SAP History

SAP is hugely successful and is implemented by many organizations for their everyday business activities. Today, SAP is considered to be the third largest independent software supplier in the world with more than 12 million users, 121,000 installations globally, 1,500+ SAP partners, 25+ industry-specific business solutions, and more than 41,200 customers spread across 120 countries.

SAP Business Areas

SAP is employed in various businesses such as:

Aerospace
Automotive
Finance
Defense & Security
Healthcare
Education
Media
Life science
Oil & Gas
Pharmaceuticals
Telecommunications

Top 7 High In-Demand SAP Modules in 2017 And 2018

The higher the remuneration, the higher the demand. So, it’s safe to say that the pay package for a skill determines its popularity and demand.

According to TechTarget and STechies, the following are the top 7 ERP modules in SAP that are in huge demand. This is merely a list and is not ranked based on its demand or popularity.

1. ECC FI

This module deals in managing the financial transactions within the enterprise. ECC FI helps employees to manage data involved in any business and financial transaction in a unified system.

2. SAP HR/HCM

This module is SAP’s one of the important modules which manages all tasks from hiring an employee to its final termination in an organization. The various components this module consists of are Personnel Management, Organizational Management (OM), Time Management and Pay roll.

3. SAP SCM (Supply Chain Management)

SAP SCM stands for Supply Chain Management one of the module of SAP. This module covers the area of Production Planning (PP), Demand Planning and Business Forecasting. It also controls the information flow and product flow in the organizations.

4. SAP NetWeaver

SAP NetWeaver enables Provision, Composition and Management of SAP and non-SAP applications across all heterogeneous software environments.

5. SAP BI

This Module deals in analyzing and reporting of data from various heterogeneous data sources

6. SAP HANA

SAP HANA is very important module of SAP. It is an in-memory data platform that is deployable as an on-premise appliance, or in the cloud. It is a revolutionary platform, which is best suited for performing real-time analytics, and developing and deploying real-time applications.

7. SD MM

SAP MM that is Materials Management (MM) is a part of Logistics area and helps to manage the procurement activity of an organization from procurement.

It supports all aspects of material management (planning, control etc). It deals with material management and inventory management.

According to Computer Weekly survey, the number of job posting looking for SAP skills rose sharply by 53% last year. This was only partly due to the release of SAP R/3 Enterprise. SAP has also reported that they have delivered the latest release to 1500 companies in just 60 days of this release.

Average Salary of SAP Modules

In another survey done by Foote Partners, an FL-based independent IT benchmark research and advisory firm, the Top 7 SAP Skills with the highest demand in 2016 is as follows:

Since there are no surveys predicting the emerging SAP skills for 2107, let correlate the 2016 data with the latest data.

Conclusion:

According to Andrea Sprengel Seip, a SAP specialist, “SAP gives you an excellent tool that you can leverage to build your career and thus move into something outside the SAP world,” “Or, you can stay in a corporate SAP environment, if you prefer. SAP knowledge gives you that flexibility.”

SAP Modules - SAP ERP Modules - Latest Modules in SAP 2017

2017-05-26T02:37:00.000-07:00

Complete List of SAP Modules - SAP ERP Modules - Latest Modules in SAP 2017 - SAP Functional and Technical Modules list.

SAP Modules

What is SAP?

SAP is German ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) Software Company that help to manage business Activities like Customer Relations. For detail reading about sap history please use wiki link here.

What are SAP Modules?

There are two Types of SAP ERP Modules are there.

Number one is Functional Modules and second one is Technical Modules.

All SAP Modules integrated with each other with functionality and provide us best solution for Business. Most important SAP Modules that Bunnies implement for their business are

SAP FICO module
MM Module
SD module
HR module
PP module
PS module
Basis module
security module
ABAP module

ABAP stands for Advanced Business Application Programming. All SAP modules wrote using ABAP programming language.

SAP Functional Modules

SAP HR/HRM - Human Resource Management (SAP HRM), also known as Human Resource (HR)
SAP PP - Production Planning (SAP PP)
SAP MM - Material Management (SAP MM)
SAP FSCM - Financial Supply Chain Management (SAP FSCM)
SAP SD - Sales and Distribution (SAP SD)
SAP PS - Project System (SAP PS)
SAP FICO - Financial Accounting and Controlling (SAP FICO)
SAP PM - Plant Maintenance (SAP PM)
SAP QM - Quality Management (SAP QM)

How To Integrate SAP ERP Modules

1. Sub Modules of ERP SAP FICO (FI and CO)

SAP General Ledger Accounting
SAP Accounts Payable
SAP Accounts Receivable
SAP Bank Accounting
Budgeting and Monitoring
Cash management
SAP Asset Accounting
SAP Funds management
SAP Treasury Management
SAP Special Purpose Ledger
Withholding Tax (TDS)
SAP cost element accounting
Cost center Accounting
SAP Product Cost Accounting
SAP CO internal orders
SAP Profit Center Accounting
SAP Profitability Analysis

2. Sub-Modules of ERP SAP HR Module

Organizational Management
Personnel Administration
Recruitment
Payroll
Travel Management
Personnel Management
Time Management
Compensation Management
Training and Event management
Wages
Personnel Development
Workforce Administration

3. SAP ERP Modules – Sub modules of Material Management

Purchasing
Inventory Management
Material Planning
Invoice Verification
Material Requirement Planning (MRP)
Warehouse Management
Vendor Valuation

4. Sub-modules of ERP SAP Sales and Distribution

Sales
Shipping and transportation
Billing or Invoice generation
Bills of Material (BOM)
Sales Information system
Credit Control
EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)

5. ERP SAP modules: – Sub Modules of Project Systems

Project Planning
Project Preparation
Project Tracking
Project Reporting
Project Costs
WBS Elements

6. Production Planning

Sales and production Planning
Demand Management
Material Requirement Planning
Capacity Requirement Planning
Bills of material
Production Orders
Routing
Work Center
Shop floor control

7. ERP SAP Modules:- Sub-Module of Plant Maintenance

Maintenance planning
Preventive Planning
Service Management
Predictive Maintenance
Project Maintenance

8. ERP SAP module: – Quality Management

Planning
Process Inspections
Notifications of Quality
Quality Control
Test Equipment
Quality certifications
General Functions

9. SAP ERP Module- Financial Supply Chain Management

Credit Management
Cash & Liquidity Management
Treasure and Risk Management
Collections Management
Payments
Dispute management

SAP Technical Modules

SAP Basis
SAP Security
Advanced Business Application Programming (SAP ABAP)
High Performance Analytic Appliance (SAP HANA)
SAP NetWeaver
Information Systems Management (SAP IS)
Customer Relationship Management (SAP CRM Technical module)
Exchange Infrastructure (SAP XI)
SAP Solution Manager

SAP Business Suite Applications

Enterprise Resource Planning SAP (ERP SAP)
SAP Customer Relationship Management (SAP CRM)
SAP Supply Chain Management (SAP SCM)
SAP Supplier Relationship Management (SAP SRM)
SAP Product Life cycle
SAP HANA (High Performance Analytic Appliance)
Government, Risk and Compliance (SAP GRC)
SAP Strategic Enterprise Management (SAP SEM)
SAP Compliance Management for SOA

SAP Components

SAP has developed the following additional components.

SAP Business Warehouse (SAP BW)
SAP Advanced Planning and Optimization (SAP APO)
Salesforce Automation (SFA)
Internet Transaction Server (ITS)

Top 300 Hadoop Interview Questions And Answers For Experienced From Expert Trainers

2017-05-25T02:20:00.000-07:00

What is Big Data?

Big data is really large amount of data that exceeds the processing capacity of conventional database systems, and requires special parallel processing mechanism. The data is too big and grows rapidly. This data can be either structural or unstructured data. To retrieve meaningful information from this data, we must choose an alternative way to process it.

Big data is data that exceeds the processing capacity of traditional database systems. The data is too big, moves too fast, or doesn’t fit the strictures of your database architectures. To gain value from this data, you must choose an alternative way to process it.

What is Hadoop?

Hadoop is an open source framework written in java by Apache Software Foundation. Hadoop is used to write software applications which require to process large scale data (usually called 'Big Data'). It supports distributed processing of large data sets across clusters of commodity servers. It process data very reliably and fault-tolerant manner.

Name any org. who is generating Big Data?

Facebook,Google.

Why do we need Hadoop?

For some big organizations data grows very rapidly, e.g. Facebook, Google. Everyday enormous amount of data is getting dumped on their machines. Storing this data is not the major problem, but to analyze this data and retrieve meaningful information from this is really a major challenge. On top of it, data may be stored in multiple machines and at multiple locations, which increases the challenge by multifold. In this situation a necessity for a system arises, which can process this huge amount of distributed data at relatively fast speed.

What is NoSQL?

NoSQL is a whole new way of thinking about a database. NoSQL is not a relational database. The reality is that a relational database model may not be the best solution for all situations. The easiest way to think of NoSQL, is that of a database which does not adhering to the traditional relational database management system (RDMS) structure. Sometimes you will also see it revered to as 'not only SQL'.

We have already SQL then Why NoSQL?

NoSQL is high performance with high availability, and offers rich query language and easy scalability.

NoSQL is gaining momentum, and is supported by Hadoop, MongoDB and others. The NoSQL Database site is a good reference for someone looking for more information.

What is Hadoop and where did Hadoop come from?

By Mike Olson: The underlying technology was invented by Google back in their earlier days so they could usefully index all the rich textural and structural information they were collecting, and then present meaningful and actionable results to users. There was nothing on the market that would let them do that, so they built their own platform. Google’s innovations were incorporated into Nutch, an open source project, and Hadoop was later spun-off from that. Yahoo has played a key role developing Hadoop for enterprise applications.

What problems can Hadoop solve?

By Mike Olson: The Hadoop platform was designed to solve problems where you have a lot of data — perhaps a mixture of complex and structured data — and it doesn’t fit nicely into tables. It’s for situations where you want to run analytics that are deep and computationally extensive, like clustering and targeting. That’s exactly what Google was doing when it was indexing the web and examining user behavior to improve performance algorithms.

What is the Difference between Hadoop and Apache Hadoop?

There is no diff, Hadoop, formally called Apache Hadoop, is an Apache Software Foundation project.

Is NoSQL follow relational DB model?

No

Why would NoSQL be better than using a SQL Database? And how much better is it?

It would be better when your site needs to scale so massively that the best RDBMS running on the best hardware you can afford and optimized as much as possible simply can't keep up with the load. How much better it is depends on the specific use case (lots of update activity combined with lots of joins is very hard on "traditional" RDBMSs) - could well be a factor of 1000 in extreme cases.

Name the modes in which Hadoop can run?

Hadoop can be run in one of three modes:

i. Standalone (or local) mode

ii. Pseudo-distributed mode

iii. Fully distributed mode

What do you understand by Standalone (or local) mode?

There are no daemons running and everything runs in a single JVM. Standalone mode is suitable for running MapReduce programs during development, since it is easy to test and debug them.

What is Pseudo-distributed mode?

The Hadoop daemons run on the local machine, thus simulating a cluster on a small scale.

What does /var/hadoop/pids do?

It stores the PID.

What is the full form of HDFS?

Hadoop Distributed File System

What is the idea behind HDFS?

HDFS is built around the idea that the most efficient approach to storing data for processing is to optimize it for write once, and read many approach.

Where does HDFS fail?

Cannot support large number of small files as the file system metadata increases with every new file, and hence it is not able to scale to billions of files. This file system metadata is loaded into memory and since memory is limited, so is the number of files supported.

What are the ways of backing up the filesystem metadata?

There are 2 ways of backing up the filesystem metadata which maps different filenames with their data stored as different blocks on various data nodes:

Writing the filesystem metadata persistently onto a local disk as well as on a remote NFS mount.

Running a secondary namenode.

What is Namenode in Hadoop?

Namenode is the node which stores the filesystem metadata i.e. which file maps to what block locations and which blocks are stored on which datanode.

What is DataNode in Hadoop?

Namenode is the node which stores the filesystem metadata i.e. which file maps to what block locations and which blocks are stored on which datanode.

What is Secondary NameNode?

The Secondary NameNode (SNN) is an assistant daemon for monitoring the state of the cluster HDFS, Like the NameNode, Each cluster has one SNN, and it typically resides on its own machine as well.

What is JobTracker in Hadoop?

The JobTracker is the service within Hadoop that farms out MapReduce tasks to specific nodes in the cluster, ideally the nodes that have the data, or at least are in the same rack.

What are the functions of JobTracker in Hadoop?

Once you submit your code to your cluster, the JobTracker determines the execution plan by determining which files to process, assigns nodes to different tasks, and monitors all tasks as they are running.

If a task fail, the JobTracker will automatically relaunch the task, possibly on a different node, up to a predefined limit of retries.

There is only one JobTracker daemon per Hadoop cluster. It is typically run on a server as a master node of the cluster.

What is MapReduce in Hadoop?

Hadoop MapReduce (Hadoop Map/Reduce) is a software framework for distributed processing of large data sets on compute clusters of commodity hardware. It is a sub-project of the Apache Hadoop project. The framework takes care of scheduling tasks, monitoring them and re-executing any failed tasks.

What are the Hadoop configuration files?

1. hdfs-site.xml

2. core-site.xml

3. mapred-site.xml

Hadoop Interview Questions

What is Hadoop?

Hadoop is a distributed computing platform. It is written in Java. It consist of the features like Google File System and MapReduce.

What platform and Java version is required to run Hadoop?

Java 1.6.x or higher version are good for Hadoop, preferably from Sun. Linux and Windows are the supported operating system for Hadoop, but BSD, Mac OS/X and Solaris are more famous to work.

What kind of Hardware is best for Hadoop?

Hadoop can run on a dual processor/ dual core machines with 4-8 GB RAM using ECC memory. It depends on the workflow needs.

What are the most common input formats defined in Hadoop?

These are the most common input formats defined in Hadoop:
TextInputFormat
KeyValueInputFormat
SequenceFileInputFormat
TextInputFormat is a by default input format.

What is InputSplit in Hadoop? Explain.

When a hadoop job runs, it splits input files into chunks and assign each split to a mapper for processing. It is called InputSplit.

How many InputSplits is made by a Hadoop Framework?

Hadoop will make 5 splits as following:
One split for 64K files
Two splits for 65MB files, and
Two splits for 127MB files

What is the use of RecordReader in Hadoop?

InputSplit is assigned with a work but doesn’t know how to access it. The record holder class is totally responsible for loading the data from its source and convert it into keys pair suitable for reading by the Mapper. The RecordReader’s instance can be defined by the Input Format.

What is JobTracer in Hadoop?

is a service within Hadoop which runs MapReduce jobs on the cluster.

What are the functionalities of JobTracer?

These are the main tasks of JobTracer:
To accept jobs from client.
To communicate with the NameNode to determine the location of the data.
To locate TaskTracker Nodes with available slots.
To submit the work to the chosen TaskTracker node and monitors progress of each tasks.

Define TaskTracker?

TaskTracker is a node in the cluster that accepts tasks like MapReduce and Shuffle operations from a JobTracker.

What is Map/Reduce job in Hadoop?

Map/Reduce is programming paradigm which is used to allow massive scalability across the thousands of server.

Actually MapReduce refers two different and distinct tasks that Hadoop performs. In the first step maps jobs which takes the set of data and converts it into another set of data and in the second step, Reduce job. It takes the output from the map as input and compress those data tuples into smaller set of tuples.

What is Hadoop Streaming?

Hadoop streaming is a utility which allows you to create and run map/reduce job. It is a generic API that allows programs written in any languages to be used as Hadoop mapper.

What is a combiner in Hadoop?

A Combiner is a mini-reduce process which operates only on data generated by a Mapper. When Mapper emits the data, combiner receives it as input and sends the output to reducer.

Is it necessary to know java to learn Hadoop?

If you have a background in any programming language like C, C++, PHP, Python, Java etc. It may be really helpful, but if you are nil in java, it is necessary to learn Java and also get the basic knowledge of SQL.

How to debug Hadoop code?

There are many ways to debug Hadoop codes but the most popular methods are:

By using Counters.

By web interface provided by Hadoop framework.

Is it possible to provide multiple inputs to Hadoop? If yes, explain.

Yes, It is possible. The input format class provides methods to insert multiple directories as input to a Hadoop job.

What is the relation between job and task in Hadoop?

In Hadoop, A job is divided into multiple small parts known as task.

What is distributed cache in Hadoop?

Distributed cache is a facility provided by MapReduce Framework. It is provided to cache files (text, archives etc.) at the time of execution of the job. The Framework copies the necessary files to the slave node before the execution of any task at that node.

What commands are used to see all jobs running in the Hadoop cluster and kill a job in LINUX?

Hadoop job – list

Hadoop job – kill jobID

What is the functionality of JobTracker in Hadoop? How many instances of a JobTracker run on Hadoop cluster?

JobTracker is a giant service which is used to submit and track MapReduce jobs in Hadoop. Only one JobTracker process runs on any Hadoop cluster. JobTracker runs it within its own JVM process.

Functionalities of JobTracker in Hadoop:

When client application submits jobs to the JobTracker, the JobTracker talks to the NameNode to find the location of the data.

It locates TaskTracker nodes with available slots for data.

It assigns the work to the chosen TaskTracker nodes.

The TaskTracker nodes are responsible to notify the JobTracker when a task fails and then JobTracker decides what to do then. It may resubmit the task on another node or it may mark that task to avoid.

How JobTracker assign tasks to the TaskTracker?

The TaskTracker periodically sends heartbeat messages to the JobTracker to assure that it is alive. This messages also inform the JobTracker about the number of available slots. This return message updates JobTracker to know about where to schedule task.

Is it necessary to write jobs for Hadoop in Java language?

No, There are many ways to deal with non-java codes. HadoopStreaming allows any shell command to be used as a map or reduce function.

How is Hadoop different from other parallel computing systems?

Hadoop is a distributed file system, which lets you store and handle massive amount of data on a cloud of machines, handling data redundancy. The primary benefit is that since data is stored in several nodes, it is better to process it in distributed manner. Each node can process the data stored on it instead of spending time in moving it over the network.

On the contrary, in Relational database computing system, you can query data in real-time, but it is not efficient to store data in tables, records and columns when the data is huge.

Hadoop also provides a scheme to build a Column Database with Hadoop HBase, for runtime queries on rows.

What all modes Hadoop can be run in?

Hadoop can run in three modes:
Standalone Mode: Default mode of Hadoop, it uses local file stystem for input and output operations. This mode is mainly used for debugging purpose, and it does not support the use of HDFS. Further, in this mode, there is no custom configuration required for mapred-site.xml, core-site.xml, hdfs-site.xml files. Much faster when compared to other modes.
Pseudo-Distributed Mode (Single Node Cluster): In this case, you need configuration for all the three files mentioned above. In this case, all daemons are running on one node and thus, both Master and Slave node are the same.
Fully Distributed Mode (Multiple Cluster Node): This is the production phase of Hadoop (what Hadoop is known for) where data is used and distributed across several nodes on a Hadoop cluster. Separate nodes are allotted as Master and Slave.

What is distributed cache and what are its benefits?

Distributed Cache, in Hadoop, is a service by MapReduce framework to cache files when needed. Once a file is cached for a specific job, hadoop will make it available on each data node both in system and in memory, where map and reduce tasks are executing.Later, you can easily access and read the cache file and populate any collection (like array, hashmap) in your code.

Benefits of using distributed cache are:
It distributes simple, read only text/data files and/or complex types like jars, archives and others. These archives are then un-archived at the slave node.

• Distributed cache tracks the modification timestamps of cache files, which notifies that the files should not be modified until a job is executing currentluy.

What are the most common Input Formats in Hadoop?

There are three most common input formats in Hadoop:

Text Input Format: Default input format in Hadoop.

Key Value Input Format: used for plain text files where the files are broken into lines

Sequence File Input Format: used for reading files in sequence

Define DataNode and how does NameNode tackle DataNode failures?

DataNode stores data in HDFS; it is a node where actual data resides in the file system. Each datanode sends a heartbeat message to notify that it is alive. If the namenode does noit receive a message from datanode for 10 minutes, it considers it to be dead or out of place, and starts replication of blocks that were hosted on that data node such that they are hosted on some other data node.A BlockReport contains list of all blocks on a DataNode. Now, the system starts to replicate what were stored in dead DataNode.

The NameNode manages the replication of data blocksfrom one DataNode to other. In this process, the replication data transfers directly between DataNode such that the data never passes the NameNode.

What are the core methods of a Reducer?

The three core methods of a Reducer are:
setup(): this method is used for configuring various parameters like input data size, distributed cache.

public void setup (context)
reduce(): heart of the reducer always called once per key with the associated reduced task

public void reduce(Key, Value, context)
cleanup(): this method is called to clean temporary files, only once at the end of the task

public void cleanup (context)

What is SequenceFile in Hadoop?

Extensively used in MapReduce I/O formats, SequenceFile is a flat file containing binary key/value pairs. The map outputs are stored as SequenceFile internally. It provides Reader, Writer and Sorter classes. The three SequenceFile formats are:
Uncompressed key/value records.

2. Record compressed key/value records – only ‘values’ are compressed here.

3. Block compressed key/value records – both keys and values are collected in ‘blocks’ separately and compressed. The size of the ‘block’ is configurable.

What is Job Tracker role in Hadoop?

Job Tracker’s primary function is resource management (managing the task trackers), tracking resource availability and task life cycle management (tracking the taks progress and fault tolerance).

• It is a process that runs on a separate node, not on a DataNode often

• Job Tracker communicates with the NameNode to identify data location

• Finds the best Task Tracker Nodes to execute tasks on given nodes

• Monitors individual Task Trackers and submits the overall job back to the client.

• It tracks the execution of MapReduce workloads local to the slave node.

What is the use of RecordReader in Hadoop?

Since Hadoop splits data into various blocks, RecordReader is used to read the slit data into single record. For instance, if our input data is split like:

Row1: Welcome to

Row2: Intellipaat

It will be read as “Welcome to Intellipaat” using RecordReader.

What happens if you try to run a Hadoop job with an output directory that is already present?

It will throw an exception saying that the output file directory already exists. To run the MapReduce job, you need to ensure that the output directory does not exist before in the HDFS.

To delete the directory before running the job, you can use shell:

Hadoop fs –rmr /path/to/your/output/

Or via the Java API: FileSystem.getlocal(conf).delete(outputDir, true);

How can you debug Hadoop code?

First, check the list of MapReduce jobs currently running. Next, we need to see that there are no orphaned jobs running; if yes, you need to determine the location of RM logs.

1. Run: “ps –ef | grep –I ResourceManager”

and look for log directory in the displayed result. Find out the job-id from the displayed list and check if there is any error message associated with that job.

2. On the basis of RM logs, identify the worker node that was involved in execution of the task.

3. Now, login to that node and run – “ps –ef | grep –iNodeManager”

4. Examine the Node Manager log. The majority of errors come from user level logs for each map-reduce job.

How to configure Replication Factor in HDFS?

hdfs-site.xml is used to configure HDFS. Changing the dfs.replication property in hdfs-site.xml will change the default replication for all files placed in HDFS.

You can also modify the replication factor on a per-file basis using the Hadoop FS Shell:

[training@localhost ~]$ hadoopfs –setrep –w 3 /my/file

Conversely, you can also change the replication factor of all the files under a directory.

[training@localhost ~]$ hadoopfs –setrep –w 3 -R /my/dir

How to compress mapper output but not the reducer output?

To achieve this compression, you should set:

conf.set(“mapreduce.map.output.compress”, true)

conf.set(“mapreduce.output.fileoutputformat.compress”, false)

What is the difference between Map Side join and Reduce Side Join?

Map side Join at map side is performed data reaches the map. You need a strict structure for defining map side join. On the other hand, Reduce side Join (Repartitioned Join) is simpler than map side join since the input datasets need not be structured. However, it is less efficient as it will have to go through sort and shuffle phases, coming with network overheads.

How can you transfer data from Hive to HDFS?

By writing the query:

hive> insert overwrite directory ‘/’ select * from emp;

You can write your query for the data you want to import from Hive to HDFS. The output you receive will be stored in part files in the specified HDFS path.

What companies use Hadoop, any idea?

Yahoo! (the biggest contributor to the creation of Hadoop) – Yahoo search engine uses Hadoop, Facebook – Developed Hive for analysis , Amazon, Netflix, Adobe, eBay, Spotify, Twitter, Adobe

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HDFS Questions

1) Apache Hadoop framework is composed of which modules?

Hadoop common, Hadoop YARN, Hadoop mapreduce, HDFS (Hadoop Distributed file system)

2) What does the term "Replication factor" denotes?

Replication factor is the number of times a file needs to be replicated in HDFS

3) What is the default replication factor in HDFS?

Three

4) Typical block size of an HDFS block?

64 MB( Extendable to custom defined 128 MB)

5) Explain HDFS Functionality in brief?

HDFS is scalable distributed Storage file system which is used for storing large amount of data in a Replicated environment.

6) What is NameNode?

The NameNode is the bookkeeper of HDFS. It keeps track of the data files and how they get split into different file blocks, storage of various file blocks in respective nodes and overall health of the distributed file system. The administrative functions of the NameNode are highly memory and I/O intensive.

7) Explain the key functionalities of Secondary Name node?

Based on the intervals specified in the cluster configuration, the Secondary Namenode (SNN) communicates with the NameNode to take snapshots of the HDFS metadata. In a Hadoop cluster, single point of failure is mainly caused by nameNode and the SNN snapshots help minimize the downtime and loss of data.

8) What is meant by Rack Awareness in Hadoop?

The NN (Name Node) stores the Metadata information of the storage location of the files like the rack, node and block. In Hadoop terminology, it is known as Rack awareness.

9) Which component in Hadoop is responsible for Job scheduling and monitoring?

Job Tracker

10) Name the structure provided by the MR(Map Reduce)?

Dynamic schema

11) Explain the heartbeat mechanism in Hadoop?

At regular intervals, Namenode get acknowledgement from various data nodes regarding space allocations and free memory. Typically, datanode send the heart beat every three seconds.

12) Explain failover fence in Hadoop?

It is also known as decommissioning of datanodes. When we want to reduce datanode machine in a cluster due to the datanode malfunction, load optimization issues, we decommission certain datanodes.

13) List all the daemons required to run the Hadoop cluster ?
NameNode
DataNode
JobTracker
TaskTracker

14) What is HDFS federation?

The process of maintaining multiple Namenodes in the Hadoop cluster environment to provide backup, recovery and failure control over the cluster.

15) Assume that the Hadoop spawned 50 tasks for a job and one of the task failed. What will Hadoop do?

If a task fails, Hadoop will restart the task on some other task tracker. In case, the restarted task fails more than four times, Hadoop will kill the job. Number of max restarts required before killing a task can be specified in the settings file.

16) In what format, MR process the data?

MR process data in Key-Value pairs.

17) How many input splits, the Hadoop framework will create for the scenario given below?

A MR system with HDFS block size 128 MB, having three files of size 64K, 300MB and 127MB with FileInputFormat as Input format

Hadoop will create five splits of following sizes
1 split for 64K files
3 splits for 300Mb files
1 splits for 127Mb file

18) Explain Speculative Execution?

If multiple mappers are working on the same task and if the one mapper goes down due to some unspecified reason, the JT assigns the shutdown mapper task to another mapper, parallelly to avoid data loss. This phenomenon is known as Speculative Execution.

19) What is Hadoop Streaming?

Hadoop Streaming API allows programmers to use programs written in various programming languages as Hadoop mapper and reducer implementations.

20) What is Distributed Cache in Hadoop?

The Map Reduce framework provides Distributed Cache functionality to cache the files (text, jars, arcHives, etc.) required by the applications during job execution. Before starting any tasks of a job in a node, the framework copies the required files to the slave node.

What is HDFS?

HDFS is a file system designed for storing very large files with streaming data access patterns, running clusters on commodity hardware.

What are the key features of HDFS?

HDFS is highly fault-tolerant, with high throughput, suitable for applications with large data sets, streaming access to file system data and can be built out of commodity hardware.

What is Fault Tolerance?

Suppose you have a file stored in a system, and due to some technical problem that file gets destroyed. Then there is no chance of getting the data back present in that file. To avoid such situations, Hadoop has introduced the feature of fault tolerance in HDFS. In Hadoop, when we store a file, it automatically gets replicated at two other locations also. So even if one or two of the systems collapse, the file is still available on the third system.

Replication causes data redundancy ,then why is it pursued in HDFS?

HDFS works with commodity hardware (systems with average configurations) that has high chances of getting crashed any time. Thus, to make the entire system highly fault-tolerant, HDFS replicates and stores data in different places. Any data on HDFS gets stored at atleast 3 different locations. So, even if one of them is corrupted and the other is unavailable for some time for any reason, then data can be accessed from the third one. Hence, there is no chance of losing the data. This replication factor helps us to attain the feature of Hadoop called Fault Tolerant.

Since the data is replicated thrice in HDFS, does it mean that any calculation done on one node will also be replicated on the other two?

Since there are 3 nodes, when we send the MapReduce programs, calculations will be done only on the original data. The master node will know which node exactly has that particular data. In case, if one of the nodes is not responding, it is assumed to be failed. Only then, the required calculation will be done on the second replica.

What is throughput? How does HDFS get a good throughput?

Throughput is the amount of work done in a unit time. It describes how fast the data is getting accessed from the system and it is usually used to measure performance of the system. In HDFS, when we want to perform a task or an action, then the work is divided and shared among different systems. So all the systems will be executing the tasks assigned to them independently and in parallel. So the work will be completed in a very short period of time. In this way, the HDFS gives good throughput. By reading data in parallel, we decrease the actual time to read data tremendously.

What is streaming access?

As HDFS works on the principle of ‘Write Once, Read Many‘, the feature of streaming access is extremely important in HDFS. HDFS focuses not so much on storing the data but how to retrieve it at the fastest possible speed, especially while analyzing logs. In HDFS, reading the complete data is more important than the time taken to fetch a single record from the data.

What is a commodity hardware? Does commodity hardware include RAM?

Commodity hardware is a non-expensive system which is not of high quality or high-availability. Hadoop can be installed in any average commodity hardware. We don’t need super computers or high-end hardware to work on Hadoop. Yes, Commodity hardware includes RAM because there will be some services which will be running on RAM.

What is a Namenode?

Namenode is the master node on which job tracker runs and consists of the metadata. It maintains and manages the blocks which are present on the datanodes. It is a high-availability machine and single point of failure in HDFS.

Is Namenode also a commodity?

No. Namenode can never be a commodity hardware because the entire HDFS rely on it. It is the single point of failure in HDFS. Namenode has to be a high-availability machine.

What is a metadata?

Metadata is the information about the data stored in datanodes such as location of the file, size of the file and so on.

What is a Datanode?

Datanodes are the slaves which are deployed on each machine and provide the actual storage. These are responsible for serving read and write requests for the clients.

Why do we use HDFS for applications having large data sets and not when there are lot of small files?

HDFS is more suitable for large amount of data sets in a single file as compared to small amount of data spread across multiple files. This is because Namenode is a very expensive high performance system, so it is not prudent to occupy the space in the Namenode by unnecessary amount of metadata that is generated for multiple small files. So, when there is a large amount of data in a single file, name node will occupy less space. Hence for getting optimized performance, HDFS supports large data sets instead of multiple small files.

What is a daemon?

Daemon is a process or service that runs in background. In general, we use this word in UNIX environment. The equivalent of Daemon in Windows is “services” and in Dos is ” TSR”.

What is a job tracker?

Job tracker is a daemon that runs on a namenode for submitting and tracking MapReduce jobs in Hadoop. It assigns the tasks to the different task tracker. In a Hadoop cluster, there will be only one job tracker but many task trackers. It is the single point of failure for Hadoop and MapReduce Service. If the job tracker goes down all the running jobs are halted. It receives heartbeat from task tracker based on which Job tracker decides whether the assigned task is completed or not.

What is a task tracker?

Task tracker is also a daemon that runs on datanodes. Task Trackers manage the execution of individual tasks on slave node. When a client submits a job, the job tracker will initialize the job and divide the work and assign them to different task trackers to perform MapReduce tasks. While performing this action, the task tracker will be simultaneously communicating with job tracker by sending heartbeat. If the job tracker does not receive heartbeat from task tracker within specified time, then it will assume that task tracker has crashed and assign that task to another task tracker in the cluster.

Is Namenode machine same as datanode machine as in terms of hardware?

It depends upon the cluster you are trying to create. The Hadoop VM can be there on the same machine or on another machine. For instance, in a single node cluster, there is only one machine, whereas in the development or in a testing environment, Namenode and datanodes are on different machines.

What is a heartbeat in HDFS?

A heartbeat is a signal indicating that it is alive. A datanode sends heartbeat to Namenode and task tracker will send its heart beat to job tracker. If the Namenode or job tracker does not receive heart beat then they will decide that there is some problem in datanode or task tracker is unable to perform the assigned task.

Are Namenode and job tracker on the same host?

No, in practical environment, Namenode is on a separate host and job tracker is on a separate host.

What is a ‘block’ in HDFS?

A ‘block’ is the minimum amount of data that can be read or written. In HDFS, the default block size is 64 MB as contrast to the block size of 8192 bytes in Unix/Linux. Files in HDFS are broken down into block-sized chunks, which are stored as independent units. HDFS blocks are large as compared to disk blocks, particularly to minimize the cost of seeks. If a particular file is 50 mb, will the HDFS block still consume 64 mb as the default size? No, not at all! 64 mb is just a unit where the data will be stored. In this particular situation, only 50 mb will be consumed by an HDFS block and 14 mb will be free to store something else. It is the MasterNode that does data allocation in an efficient manner.

What are the benefits of block transfer?

A file can be larger than any single disk in the network. There’s nothing that requires the blocks from a file to be stored on the same disk, so they can take advantage of any of the disks in the cluster. Making the unit of abstraction a block rather than a file simplifies the storage subsystem. Blocks provide fault tolerance and availability. To insure against corrupted blocks and disk and machine failure, each block is replicated to a small number of physically separate machines (typically three). If a block becomes unavailable, a copy can be read from another location in a way that is transparent to the client.

If we want to copy 10 blocks from one machine to another, but another machine can copy only 8.5 blocks, can the blocks be broken at the time of replication?

In HDFS, blocks cannot be broken down. Before copying the blocks from one machine to another, the Master node will figure out what is the actual amount of space required, how many block are being used, how much space is available, and it will allocate the blocks accordingly.

How indexing is done in HDFS?

Hadoop has its own way of indexing. Depending upon the block size, once the data is stored, HDFS will keep on storing the last part of the data which will say where the next part of the data will be. In fact, this is the base of HDFS.

If a data Node is full how it’s identified?

When data is stored in datanode, then the metadata of that data will be stored in the Namenode. So Namenode will identify if the data node is full.

If datanodes increase, then do we need to upgrade Namenode?

While installing the Hadoop system, Namenode is determined based on the size of the clusters. Most of the time, we do not need to upgrade the Namenode because it does not store the actual data, but just the metadata, so such a requirement rarely arise.

Are job tracker and task trackers present in separate machines?

Yes, job tracker and task tracker are present in different machines. The reason is job tracker is a single point of failure for the Hadoop MapReduce service. If it goes down, all running jobs are halted.

When we send a data to a node, do we allow settling in time, before sending another data to that node?

Yes, we do.

Does hadoop always require digital data to process?

Yes. Hadoop always require digital data to be processed.

On what basis Namenode will decide which datanode to write on?

As the Namenode has the metadata (information) related to all the data nodes, it knows which datanode is free.

Doesn’t Google have its very own version of DFS?

Yes, Google owns a DFS known as “Google File System (GFS)” developed by Google Inc. for its own use.

Who is a ‘user’ in HDFS?

A user is like you or me, who has some query or who needs some kind of data.

Is client the end user in HDFS?

No, Client is an application which runs on your machine, which is used to interact with the Namenode (job tracker) or datanode (task tracker).

What is the communication channel between client and namenode/datanode?

The mode of communication is SSH.

What is a rack?

Rack is a storage area with all the datanodes put together. These datanodes can be physically located at different places. Rack is a physical collection of datanodes which are stored at a single location. There can be multiple racks in a single location.

On what basis data will be stored on a rack?

When the client is ready to load a file into the cluster, the content of the file will be divided into blocks. Now the client consults the Namenode and gets 3 datanodes for every block of the file which indicates where the block should be stored. While placing the datanodes, the key rule followed is “for every block of data, two copies will exist in one rack, third copy in a different rack“. This rule is known as “Replica Placement Policy“.

Do we need to place 2nd and 3rd data in rack 2 only?

Yes, this is to avoid datanode failure.

What if rack 2 and datanode fails?

If both rack2 and datanode present in rack 1 fails then there is no chance of getting data from it. In order to avoid such situations, we need to replicate that data more number of times instead of replicating only thrice. This can be done by changing the value in replication factor which is set to 3 by default.

What is a Secondary Namenode? Is it a substitute to the Namenode?

The secondary Namenode constantly reads the data from the RAM of the Namenode and writes it into the hard disk or the file system. It is not a substitute to the Namenode, so if the Namenode fails, the entire Hadoop system goes down.

What is the difference between Gen1 and Gen2 Hadoop with regards to the Namenode?

In Gen 1 Hadoop, Namenode is the single point of failure. In Gen 2 Hadoop, we have what is known as Active and Passive Namenodes kind of a structure. If the active Namenode fails, passive Namenode takes over the charge.

What is MapReduce?

Map Reduce is the ‘heart‘ of Hadoop that consists of two parts – ‘map’ and ‘reduce’. Maps and reduces are programs for processing data. ‘Map’ processes the data first to give some intermediate output which is further processed by ‘Reduce’ to generate the final output. Thus, MapReduce allows for distributed processing of the map and reduction operations.

Can you explain how do ‘map’ and ‘reduce’ work?

Namenode takes the input and divide it into parts and assign them to data nodes. These datanodes process the tasks assigned to them and make a key-value pair and returns the intermediate output to the Reducer. The reducer collects this key value pairs of all the datanodes and combines them and generates the final output.

What is ‘Key value pair’ in HDFS?

Key value pair is the intermediate data generated by maps and sent to reduces for generating the final output.

What is the difference between MapReduce engine and HDFS cluster?

HDFS cluster is the name given to the whole configuration of master and slaves where data is stored. Map Reduce Engine is the programming module which is used to retrieve and analyze data.

Source: http://hadoopiq.blogspot.in/2014/08/100-top-hadoop-interview-questions-and.html

1. What is BIG DATA?

2. Can you give some examples of Big Data?

3. Can you give a detailed overview about the Big Data being generated by Facebook?

4. According to IBM, what are the three characteristics of Big Data?

5. How Big is ‘Big Data’?

6. How analysis of Big Data is useful for organizations?

7. Who are ‘Data Scientists’?

8. What is Hadoop?

9. Why the name ‘Hadoop’?

10. Why do we need Hadoop?

11. What are some of the characteristics of Hadoop framework?

12. Give a brief overview of Hadoop history.

13. Give examples of some companies that are using Hadoop structure?

14. What is the basic difference between traditional RDBMS and Hadoop?

15. What is structured and unstructured data?

16. What are the core components of Hadoop?

17. What is HDFS?

18. What are the key features of HDFS?

19. What is Fault Tolerance?

20. Replication causes data redundancy then why is pursued in HDFS?

21. Since the data is replicated thrice in HDFS, does it mean that any calculation done on one node will also be replicated on the other two?

22. What is throughput? How does HDFS get a good throughput?

23. What is streaming access?

24. What is a commodity hardware? Does commodity hardware include RAM?

25. What is a Namenode?

26. Is Namenode also a commodity?

27. What is a metadata?

28. What is a Datanode?

29. Why do we use HDFS for applications having large data sets and not when there are lot of small files?

30. What is a daemon?

31. What is a job tracker?

32. What is a task tracker?

33. Is Namenode machine same as datanode machine as in terms of hardware?

34. What is a heartbeat in HDFS?

35. Are Namenode and job tracker on the same host?

36. What is a ‘block’ in HDFS?

37. If a particular file is 50 mb, will the HDFS block still consume 64 mb as the default size?

38. What are the benefits of block transfer?

39. If we want to copy 10 blocks from one machine to another, but another machine can copy only 8.5 blocks, can the blocks be broken at the time of replication?

40. How indexing is done in HDFS?

41. If a data Node is full how it’s identified?

42. If datanodes increase, then do we need to upgrade Namenode?

43. Are job tracker and task trackers present in separate machines?

44. When we send a data to a node, do we allow settling in time, before sending another data to that node?

45. Does hadoop always require digital data to process?

46. On what basis Namenode will decide which datanode to write on?

47. Doesn’t Google have its very own version of DFS?

48. Who is a ‘user’ in HDFS?

49. Is client the end user in HDFS?

50. What is the communication channel between client and namenode/datanode?

51. What is a rack?

52. On what basis data will be stored on a rack?

53. Do we need to place 2nd and 3rd data in rack 2 only?

54. What if rack 2 and datanode fails?

55. What is a Secondary Namenode? Is it a substitute to the Namenode?

56. What is the difference between Gen1 and Gen2 Hadoop with regards to the Namenode?

57. What is MapReduce?

58. Can you explain how do ‘map’ and ‘reduce’ work?

59. What is ‘Key value pair’ in HDFS?

60. What is the difference between MapReduce engine and HDFS cluster?

61. Is map like a pointer?

62. Do we require two servers for the Namenode and the datanodes?

63. Why are the number of splits equal to the number of maps?

64. Is a job split into maps?

65. Which are the two types of ‘writes’ in HDFS?

66. Why ‘Reading‘ is done in parallel and ‘Writing‘ is not in HDFS?

67. Can Hadoop be compared to NOSQL database like Cassandra?

68. What is MapReduce?

69. What are ‘maps’ and ‘reduces’?

70. What are the four basic parameters of a mapper?

71. What are the four basic parameters of a reducer?

72. What do the master class and the output class do?

73. What is the input type/format in MapReduce by default?

74. Is it mandatory to set input and output type/format in MapReduce?

75. What does the text input format do?

76. What does job conf class do?

77. What does conf.setMapper Class do?

78. What do sorting and shuffling do?

79. What does a split do?

80. What does a MapReduce partitioner do?

81. How is Hadoop different from other data processing tools?

82. Can we rename the output file?

83. Why we cannot do aggregation (addition) in a mapper? Why we require reducer for that?

84. What is Streaming?

85. What is a Combiner?

86. What is the difference between an HDFS Block and Input Split?

87. What happens in a textinputformat?

88. What do you know about keyvaluetextinputformat?

89. What do you know about Sequencefileinputformat?

90. What do you know about Nlineoutputformat?

91. Which are the three modes in which Hadoop can be run?

92. What are the features of Stand alone (local) mode?

93. What are the features of Pseudo mode?

94. Can we call VMs as pseudos?

95. What are the features of Fully Distributed mode?

96. Does Hadoop follows the UNIX pattern?

97. In which directory Hadoop is installed?

98. What are the port numbers of Namenode, job tracker and task tracker?

99. What is the Hadoop-core configuration?

100.What are the Hadoop configuration files at present?

kiran

What is shuffling in map reduce?

What is the difference between an HDFS Block and Input Split?

What are the mapfiles in Hadoop?

Why do we need a password-less SSH in Fully Distributed environment?

What is the use of .pagination class?

Why is Replication pursued in HDFS in spite of its data redundancy?

What are the core components of Hadoop?

What differentiates Hadoop from other parallel computing solutions?

What is Difference between Secondary namenode, Checkpoint namenode & backupnod Secondary Namenode, a poorly named component of hadoop.

What happens when a datanode fails ?

What are the Side Data Distribution Techniques. Explain what is Sequencefileinputformat?

What is shuffleing in mapreduce?

What is partitioning?

Explain what happens in textinformat ?

Can we change the file cached by Distributed Cache What if job tracker machine is down?

Explain what does the conf.setMapper Class do ?

Can we deploy job tracker other than name node?

What are the four modules that make up the Apache Hadoop framework?

How did you debug your Hadoop code?

Which modes can Hadoop be run in?

List a few features for each mode. What is Hadoop Streaming?

Where are Hadoop’s configuration files located?

What is a combiner in Hadoop?

What is the functionality of JobTracker in Hadoop?

How many instances of a JobTracker run on Hadoop cluster?

List Hadoop’s three configuration files.

Is it necessary to write jobs for Hadoop in Java language?

What are “slaves” and “masters” in Hadoop?

What commands are used to see all jobs running in the Hadoop cluster and kill a job in LINUX?

How many datanodes can run on a single Hadoop cluster?

What is identity mapper?

What is job tracker in Hadoop?

How many job tracker processes can run on a single Hadoop cluster?

What is Identity reducer?

What sorts of actions does the job tracker process perform?

What is Commodity Hardware?

How does job tracker schedule a job for the task tracker?

What are the main components of Job flow in YARN architecture ?

What does the mapred.job.tracker command do?

What are the Main configuration parameters that user need to specify to run Mapreduce Job ?

What is “PID”?

What is “jps”?

Is there another way to check whether Namenode is working?

How would you restart Namenode?

What is Chain Reducer ?

100 Big Data Hadoop HDFS Interview Questions For Experienced

2017-05-25T02:16:00.000-07:00

INTRODUCTION TO HADOOP

Q. What is big data?

Big data is the huge amount of data that is beyond the storage and processing capabilities of a single physical machine.

Characteristics of Big Data:

Data that has very large volume, comes from variety of sources and formats and flows into an organization with a great velocity is normally referred to as Big Data.

Figure 1 Characteristics of Big Data

Q. What are the sources generating big data?

Employers àUsers à Machines

Employees: Historically, employees of organizations generated data.

Users: Then a shift occurred where users started generating data. For example, email, social media, photos, videos, audio and e-Commerce.

Machines: Smart phones, intelligent kitchen appliances, CCTV cameras, smart meters, global satellites, and traffic flow sensors

Q. Why do we need a new framework for handling big data?

Most of the traditional data was organized neatly in relational databases. Data sets now are so large and complex that they are beyond the capabilities of traditional storage and processing systems.

The following challenges demand cost-effective and innovative forms of handling big data at scale:

Lots of data

Organizations are increasingly required to store more and more data to survive in today’s highly competitive environment. The sheer volume of the data demands lower storage costs as compared to the expensive commercial relational database options.

Complex nature of data

Relational data model has great properties for structured data but many modern systems don’t fit well in row-column format. Data is now generated by diverse sources in various formats like multimedia, images, text, real-time feeds, and sensor streams. Usually for storage, the data is transformed, aggregated to fit into the structured format resulting in the loss of the original raw data.

New analysis techniques

Previously simple analysis (like average, sum) would prove to be sufficient to predict customer behavior. But now complex analysis needs to be performed to gain insightful understanding of data collected. For example, prediction models for effective micro-segmentation needs to analyse the customer’s purchase history, browsing behavior, likes and reviews on social media website to perform micro-segmentation. These advanced analytic techniques need the framework to run on.

Hadoop to rescue: Framework that provides low-cost storage and complex analytic processing capabilities

Q. Why do we need Hadoop framework, shouldn’t DFS be able to handle large volumes of data already?

Yes, it is true that when the datasets cannot fit in a single physical machine, then Distributed File System (DFS) partitions the data, store and manages the data across different machines. But, DFS lacks the following features for which we need Hadoop framework:

Fault tolerant:

When a lot of machines are involved chances of data loss increases. So, automatic fault tolerance and failure recovery becomes a prime concern.

Move data to computation:

If huge amounts of data are moved from storage to the computation machines then the speed depends on network bandwidth.

Q. What is the difference between traditional RDBMS and Hadoop?

RDBMS

Hadoop

Schema on write

Schema on read

Scale up approach

Scale out approach

Relational tables

Key-value format

Structured queries

Function programming

Online Transactions

Batch processing

Table 1 Difference between RDBMS and Hadoop

Q. What is Hadoop?

Hadoop is a framework that allows distributed processing of large data sets across clusters of computers using simple and fault tolerant programming model. It is designed to scale up from a very few to thousands of machines, each machine provides local computation and storage. The Hadoop software library itself is designed to detect and handle failures at the application layer.

Core components of Hadoop:

HDFS (Storage) + MapReduce/YARN (Processing)

Figure 2 Hadoop Ecosystem

PROGRAM: Installing Cloudera QuickStart VM in Oracle VirtualBox

Introduction

This section describes how to get started with Hadoop by importing the CDH virtual machine in Oracle VirtualBox. This 64-bit VM consists of a single-node Apache Hadoop cluster with lots of examples that is a good starting point for experimenting with Hadoop.

Terminology Used:

Host: The machine where VirtualBox or other Virtualization software in installed.

Guest: The virtual machine supported by the virtualization software is called as guest.

Note:

CDH 5 guest works well with RAM as low as 4GB but for Cloudera Manager to work the memory requirements go up to 8GB.

Software Versions

The software versions used are:

VirtualBox: 4.3.20

CDH: 5.3.x

Steps

1. Oracle VM VirtualBox Installation on Host

Download the platform dependent version of the VirtualBox from the Oracle VirtualBox website.

2. Cloudera CDH 5 VM Guest

Download the virtualization software dependent version of the QuickStart VM from Cloudera's website.

3. Importing the CDH VM

Start the VirtualBox and Click on ‘Import an appliance’ in the menu:

Figure 3 Import the CDH VM in VirtualBox

Select the .ovf file you have downloaded in the previous step. The guest’s setting will be displayed here. Click on the ‘Reinitialize the MAC address of a network cards’ checkbox:

Figure 4 Appliance Settings

4. VM Startup

On startup, Hue will be started automatically in a browser.

Enter the following login details:

Username: cloudera

Password: cloudera

Figure 5 Hue Login

5. View Tutorials

Click on ‘Get Started’ for tutorials on various tutorials:

Figure 6 Getting Started Tutorials

Chapter 2: HDFS
Q. What is HDFS?

Hadoop Distributed File Systems (HDFS) is one of the core components of Hadoop framework. It is a distributed file system for Hadoop. It runs on top of existing file system (ext2, ext3, etc.)

Goals: Automatic recovery from failures, Move Computation than data.

HDFS features:

· Supports storage of very large datasets

· Write once read many access model

· Streaming data access

· Replication using commodity hardware

Q. What is difference between regular file system and HDFS?

Regular File Systems

HDFS

Small block size of data (like 512 bytes)

Large block size (orders of 64mb)

Multiple disk seeks for large files

Reads data sequentially after single seek

Table 2 Regular File Systems Vs. HDFS

Q. What HDFS is not meant for?

HDFS is not good at:

· Applications that requires low latency access to data (in terms of milliseconds)

· Lot of small files

· Multiple writers and file modifications

Q. What is HDFS block size and what did you chose in your project?

By default, the HDFS block size is 64MB. It can be set to higher values as 128MB or 256MB. 128MB is acceptable industry standard.

Q. What is the default replication factor?

Default replication factor is 3

Q. What are different hdfs dfs shell commands to perform copy operation?

$ hadoop fs -copyToLocal

$ hadoop fs -copyFromLocal

$ hadoop fs -put

Q. What are the problems with Hadoop 1.0?

· NameNode: No Horizontal Scalability and No High Availability

· Job Tracker: Overburdened.

· MRv1: It can only understand Map and Reduce tasks

Q. What comes in Hadoop 2.0 and MapReduce V2 (YARN)?

NameNode: HA and Federation

JobTracker: Cluster and application resource

Q. What different type of schedulers and type of scheduler did you use?

Capacity Scheduler

It is designed to run Hadoop applications as a shared, multi-tenant cluster while maximizing the throughput and the utilization of the cluster.

Fair Scheduler

Fair scheduling is a method of assigning resources to applications such that all apps get, on average, an equal share of resources over time.

Q. Steps involved in decommissioning (removing) the nodes in the Hadoop cluster?

· Update the network addresses in the dfs.exclude and mapred.exclude

· $ hadoop dfsadmin -refreshNodes and hadoop mradmin -refreshNodes

· Check Web UI it will show “Decommissioning in Progress”

· Remove the Nodes from include file and then run again the step 2 refreshNodes.

· Remove the Nodes from slave file.

Q. Steps involved in commissioning (adding) the nodes in the Hadoop cluster?

· Update the network addresses in the dfs.include and mapred.include

· $ hadoop dfsadmin -refreshNodes and hadoop mradmin -refreshNodes

· Update the slave file.

· Start the DataNode and NodeManager on the added Node.

Q. How to keep HDFS cluster balanced?

Balancer is a tool that tries to provide a balance to a certain threshold among data nodes by copying block data distribution across the cluster.

Q. What is distcp?

· distcp is the program comes with Hadoop for copying large amount of data to and from Hadoop file systems in parallel.

· It is implemented as MapReduce job where copying is done through maps that run in parallel across the cluster.

· There are no reducers.

Q. What are the daemons of HDFS?

· NameNode

· DataNode

· Secondary NameNode.

Q. Command to format the NameNode?

$ hdfs namenode -format <cluster_name>

Q. What are the functions of NameNode?

The NameNode is mainly responsible for:

Namespace

Maintain metadata about the data

Block Management

Processes block reports and maintain location of blocks.

Supports block related operations

Manages replica placement

Q. What is HDFS Federation?

· HDFS federation allows scaling the name service horizontally; it uses multiple independent NameNodes for different namespaces.

· All the NameNodes use the DataNodes as common storage for blocks.

· Each DataNode registers with all the NameNodes in the cluster.

· DataNodes send periodic heartbeats and block reports and handles commands from the NameNodes

Q. What is HDFS High Availability?

· In HDFS High Availability (HA) cluster; two separate machines are configured as NameNodes.

· But one of the NameNodes is in an Active state; other is in a Standby state.

· The Active NameNode is responsible for all client operations in the cluster, while the Standby is simply acting as a slave, maintaining enough state to provide a fast failover if necessary

· They shared the same storage and all DataNodes connects to both the NameNodes.

Q. How client application interacts with the NameNode?

· Client applications interact using Hadoop HDFS API with the NameNode when it has to locate/add/copy/move/delete a file.

· The NameNode responds the successful requests by returning a list of relevant DataNode servers where the data is residing.

· Client can talk directly to a DataNode after the NameNode has given the location of the data

Q. What is a DataNode?

· A DataNode stores data in the Hadoop File System HDFS is a slave node.

· On startup, a DataNode connects to the NameNode.

· DataNode instances can talk to each other mostly during replication.

Q. What is rack-aware replica placement policy?

· Rack-awareness is used to take a node's physical location into account while scheduling tasks and allocating storage.

· Default replication factor is 3 for a data blocks on HDFS.

· The first two copies are stored on DataNodes located on the same rack while the third copy is stored on a different rack.

Figure 7 HDFS Block Replication

Q. What is the main purpose of HDFS fsck command?

fsck a utility to check health of the file system, to find missing files, over-replicated, under-replicated and corrupted blocks.

Command for finding the blocks for a file:

$ hadoop fsck <name of file> -files -blocks –racks

Q. What is the purpose of DataNode block scanner?

· Block scanner runs on every DataNode, which periodically verifies all the blocks stored on the DataNode.

· If bad blocks are detected it will be fixed before any client reads.

Q. What is the purpose of dfsadmin tool?

· It is used to find information about the state of HDFS

· It performs administrative tasks on HDFS

· Invoked by hadoop dfsadmin command as superuser

Q. What is the command for printing the topology?

It displays a tree of racks and DataNodes attached to the tracks as viewed by the <NameNode>.hdfs dfsadmin -printTopology

Q. What is RAID?

RAID is a way of combining multiple disk drives into a single entity to improve performance and/or reliability. There are a variety of different levels in RAID

For example, In RAID level 1 copy of the same data on two disks increases the read performance by reading alternately from each disk in the mirror.

Q. Does Hadoop requires RAID?

· In DataNodes storage is not using RAID as redundancy can be achieved by replication between the Nodes.

· In NameNode’s disk RAID is recommended.

Q. What are the site-specific configuration files in Hadoop?

· conf/core-site.xml

· conf/hdfs-site.xml

· conf/yarn-site.xml

· conf/mapred-site.xml.

· conf/hadoop-env.sh

· conf/yarn-env.sh

Chapter 3: MAP REDUCE
Q. What is MapReduce?

MapReduce is a programming model for processing on the distributed datasets on the clusters of computer.

MapReduce Features:

· Distributed programming complexity is hidden

· Built in fault-tolerance

· Programming model is language independent

· Parallelization and distribution are automatic

· Enable data local processing

Q. What is the fundamental idea behind YARN?

In YARN (Yet Another Resource Allocator), JobTracker responsibility is split into:

· Resource management

· Job scheduling/monitoring having separate daemons.

Yarn supports additional processing models and implements a more flexible execution engine.

Q. What MapReduce framework consists of?

Figure 8 MapReduce Yarn

ResourceManager (RM)

· Global resource scheduler

· One master RM

NodeManager (NM)

· One slave NM per cluster-node.

Container

· RM creates Containers upon request by AM

· Application runs in one or more containers

ApplicationMaster (AM)

· One AM per application

· Runs in Container

Q. What are different daemons in YARN?

· ResourceManager: Global resource manager.

· NodeManager: One per data node, It manages and monitors usage of the container (resources in terms of Memory, CPU).

· ApplicationMaster: One per application, Tasks are started by NodeManager

Q. What are the two main components of ResourceManager?

Scheduler

It allocates the resources (containers) to various running applications: Container elements such as memory, CPU, disk etc.

ApplicationManager

It accepts job-submissions, negotiating for container for executing the application specific ApplicationMaster and provides the service for restarting the ApplicationMaster container on failure.

Q. What is the function of NodeManager?

The NodeManager is the resource manager for the node (Per machine) and is responsible for containers, monitoring their resource usage (cpu, memory, disk, network) and reporting the same to the ResourceManager

Q. What is the function of ApplicationMaster?

ApplicationMaster is per application and it has the responsibility of negotiating appropriate resource containers from the Scheduler, tracking their status and monitoring for progress.

Q. What are the minimum configuration requirements for a MapReduce application?

The job configuration requires the

· input location

· output location

· map() function

· reduce() functions and

· job parameters.

Q. What are the steps to submit a Hadoop job?

Steps involved in Hadoop job submission:

· Hadoop job client submits the job jar/executable and configuration to the ResourceManager.

· ResourceManager then distributes the software/configuration to the slaves.

· ResourceManager then scheduling tasks and monitoring them.

· Finally, job status and diagnostic information is provided to the client.

Q. How does MapReduce framework view its input internally?

It views the input as a set of <key, value> pairs and produces a set of <key, value> pairs as the output of the job.

Q. Assuming default configurations, how is a file of the size 1 GB (uncompressed) stored in HDFS?

Default block size is 64MB. So, file of 1GB will be stored as 16 blocks. MapReduce job will create 16 input splits; each will be processed with separate map task i.e.

16 mappers.

Q. What are Hadoop Writables?

Hadoop Writables allows Hadoop to read and write the data in a serialized form for transmission as compact binary files. This helps in straightforward random access and higher performance. Hadoop provides in built classes, which implement Writable: Text, IntWritable, LongWritable, FloatWritable, and BooleanWritable.

Q. Why comparison of types is important for MapReduce?

Comparison is important as in the sorting phase the keys are compared with one another. For comparison the WritableComparable interface is implemented.

Q. What is the purpose of RawComparator interface?

RawComparator allows the implementors to compare records read from a stream without deserialization them into objects, so it will be optimized, as there is not overhead of object creation.

Q. What is a NullWritable?

It is a special type of Writable that has zero-length serialization. In MapReduce, a key or a value can be declared as NullWritable if we don’t need that position, storing constant empty value.

Q. What is Avro Serialization System?

Avro is a language-neutral data serialization system. It has data formats that work with different languages. Avro data is described using a language independent schema (usually written in JSON). Avro data files support compression and are splittable.

Avro provides AvroMapper and AvroReducer to run MapReduce programs.

Q. Explain use cases where SequenceFile class can be a good fit?

When the data is of type binary then SequenceFile will provide a persistent structure for binary key-value pairs. SequenceFiles also work well as containers for smaller files as HDFS and MapReduce are optimized for large files.

Q. What is MapFile?

A MapFile is an indexed SequenceFile and it is used for look-ups by key.

Q. What is the core of the job in MapReduce framework?

Core of a job:

Mapper interface: map method

Reducer interface reduce method

Q. What are the steps involved in MapReduce framework?

· Firstly, the mapper input key/value pairs maps to a set of intermediate key/value pairs.

· Maps are the individual tasks that transform input records into intermediate records.

· The transformed intermediate records do not need to be of the same type as the input records.

· A given input pair maps to zero or many output pairs.

· The Hadoop MapReduce framework creates one map task for each InputSplit generated by the InputFormat for the job.

· It then calls map(WritableComparable, Writable, Context) for each key/value pair in the InputSplit for that task.

· All intermediate values associated with a given output key are grouped passed to the Reducers.

Q. Where is the Mapper Output stored?

The mapper output is stored on the Local file system of each individual mapper nodes. The intermediate data is cleaned up after the Hadoop Job completes.

Q. What is a partitioner and how the user can control which key will go to which reducer?

Partitioner controls the partitioning of the keys of the intermediate map-outputs by the default. The key to decide the partition uses hash function. Default partitioner is HashPartitioner.

A custom partitioner is implemented to control, which keys go to which Reducer.

public class SamplePartitioner extends Partitioner<Text, Text> {

@Override

public int getPartition(Text key, Text value, int numReduceTasks) {

}

}

Q. What are combiners and its purpose?

· Combiners are used to increase the efficiency of a MapReduce program. It can be used to aggregate intermediate map output locally on individual mapper outputs.

· Combiners can help reduce the amount of data that needs to be transferred across to the reducers.

· Reducer code as a combiner if the operation performed is commutative and associative.

· Hadoop may or may not execute a combiner.

Q. How number of partitioners and reducers are related?

The total numbers of partitions are the same as the number of reduce tasks for the job.

Q. What is IdentityMapper?

IdentityMapper implements the mapping inputs directly to output. IdentityMapper.class is used as a default value when JobConf.setMapperClass is not set.

Q. What is IdentityReducer?

In IdentityReducer no reduction is performed, writing all input values directly to the output. IdentityReducer.class is used as a default value when JobConf.setReducerClass is not set

Q. What is the reducer and its phases?

Reducer reduces a set of intermediate values, which has same key to a smaller set of values. The framework then calls reduce().

Syntax:

reduce(WritableComparable, Iterable<Writable>, Context) method for each <key, (list of values)> pair in the grouped inputs.

Reducer has three primary phases:

· Shuffle

· Sort

· Reduce

Q. How to set the number of reducers?

The number of reduces for the user sets the job:

· Job.setNumReduceTasks(int)

· -D mapreduce.job.reduces

Q. Detail description of the Reducer phases?

Shuffle:

Sorted output (Mapper) à Input (Reducer). Framework then fetches the relevant partition of the output of all the mappers.

Sort:

The framework groups Reducer inputs by keys. The shuffle and sort phases occur simultaneously; while map-outputs are being fetched they are merged.

Secondary Sort:

Grouping the intermediate keys are required to be different from those for grouping keys before reduction, then Job.setSortComparatorClass(Class).

Reduce:

reduce(WritableComparable, Iterable<Writable>, Context) method is called for each <key, (list of values)> pair in the grouped inputs.

The output of the reduce task is typically written using Context.write(WritableComparable, Writable).

Q. Can there be no Reducer?

Yes, the number of reducer can be zero if no reduction of values is required.

Q. What can be optimum value for Reducer?

Value of Reducers can be: 0.95

1.75 multiplied by (<number of nodes> * < number of maximum containers per node>)

Increasing number of reducers

· Increases the framework overhead

· Increases load balancing

· Lowers the cost of failures

Q. What is a Counter and its purpose?

Counter is a facility for MapReduce applications to report its statistics. They can be used to track job progress in a very easy and flexible manner. It is defined by MapReduce framework or by applications. Each Counter can be of any Enum type. Applications can define counters of type Enum and update them via counters.incrCounter in the map and/or reduce methods.

Q. Define different types of Counters?

Built in Counters:

· Map Reduce Task Counters

· Job Counters

Custom Java Counters:

MapReduce allows users to specify their own counters (using Java enums) for performing their own counting operation.

Q. Why Counter values are shared by all map and reduce tasks across the MapReduce framework?

Counters are global so shared across the MapReduce framework and aggregated at the end of the job across all the tasks.

Q. Explain speculative execution.

· Speculative execution is a way of dealing with individual machine’s performance. As there are lots of machines in the cluster, some machines can have low performance, which affects the performance of the whole job.

· Speculative execution in Hadoop can run multiple copies of the same map or reduce task on different task tracker nodes and the results from first node to finish are used.

Q. What is DistributedCache and its purpose?

DistributedCache is a facility provided by the MapReduce framework to cache files (text, archives, jars etc.) needed by applications. It distributes application-specific, large, read-only files efficiently. The user needs to use DistributedCache to distribute and symlink the script file.

Q. What is the Job interface in MapReduce framework?

Job is the primary interface for a user to describe a MapReduce job to the Hadoop framework for execution. Some basic parameters are configured for example:

· Job.setNumReduceTasks(int)

· Configuration.set(JobContext.NUM_MAPS, int)

· Mapper

· Combiner (if any)

· Partitioner

· Reducer

· InputFormat

· OutputFormat implementations

· setMapSpeculativeExecution(boolean))/ setReduceSpeculativeExecution(boolean))

· Maximum number of attempts per task (setMaxMapAttempts(int)/ setMaxReduceAttempts(int)) etc.

· DistributedCache for large amounts of (read-only) data.

Q. What is the default value of map and reduce max attempts?

Framework will try to execute a map task or reduce task by default 4 times before giving up on it.

Q. Explain InputFormat?

InputFormat describes the input-specification for a MapReduce job. The MapReduce framework depends on the InputFormat of the job to:

· Checks the input-specification of the job.

· It then splits the input file(s) into logical InputSplit instances, each of which is then assigned to an individual Mapper.

· To extract input records from the logical InputSplit for processing by the Mapper it provides the RecordReader implementation.

Default: TextInputFormat

Q. What is InputSplit and RecordReader?

· InputSplit specify the data to be processed by an individual Mapper.

· In general, InputSplit presents a byte-oriented view of the input.

Default: FileSplit

· RecordReader reads <key, value> pairs from an InputSplit, then processes them and presents record-oriented view

Q. Explain the Job OutputFormat?

OutputFormat describes details of the output for a MapReduce job.

The MapReduce framework depends on the OutputFormat of the job to:

· It checks the job output-specification

· To write the output files of the job in the <key, value> pairs, it provides the RecordWriter implementation.

Default: TextOutputFormat

Q. How is the option in Hadoop to skip the bad records?

Hadoop provides an option where a certain set of bad input records can be skipped when processing map inputs. This feature can be controlled through the SkipBadRecords class.

Q. Different ways of debugging a job in MapReduce?

· Add debug statement to log to standard error along with the message to update the task’s status message. Web UI makes it easier to view.

· Create a custom counter, it gives valuable information to deal with the problem dataset

· Task page and task detailed page

· Hadoop Logs

· MRUnit testing

PROGRAM 1: Counting the number of words in an input file

Introduction

This section describes how to get the word count of a sample input file.

Software Versions

The software versions used are:

VirtualBox: 4.3.20

CDH 5.3: Default MapReduce Version

hadoop-core-2.5.0

hadoop-yarn-common-2.5.0

Steps

1. Create the input file

Create the input.txt file with sample text.

$ vi input.txt

Thanks Lord Krishna for helping us write this book

Hare Krishna Hare Krishna Krishna Krishna Hare Hare

Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare

2. Move the input file into HDFS

Use the –put or –copyFromLocal command to move the file into HDFS

$ hadoop fs -put input.txt

3. Code for the MapReduce program

Java files:

WordCountProgram.java // Driver Program

WordMapper.java // Mapper Program

WordReducer.java // Reducer Program

--------------------------------------------------

WordCountProgram.java File: Driver Program

--------------------------------------------------

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configured;

import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;

import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;

import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;

import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;

import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.TextInputFormat;

import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.TextOutputFormat;

import org.apache.hadoop.util.Tool;

import org.apache.hadoop.util.ToolRunner;

public class WordCountProgram extends Configured implements Tool{

@Override

public int run(String[] args) throws Exception {

Configuration conf = new Configuration();

Job job = new Job(conf, "wordcountprogram");

job.setJarByClass(getClass());

// Configure output and input source

TextInputFormat.addInputPath(job, new Path(args[0]));

job.setInputFormatClass(TextInputFormat.class);

job.setMapperClass(WordMapper.class);

job.setReducerClass(WordReducer.class);

// Configure output

TextOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(args[1]));

job.setOutputFormatClass(TextOutputFormat.class);

job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);

job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);

return job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1;

}

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

int exitCode = ToolRunner.run(new WordCountProgram(), args);

System.exit(exitCode);

}

}

--------------------------------------------------

WordMapper.java File: Mapper Program

--------------------------------------------------

import java.io.IOException;

import java.util.StringTokenizer;

import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;

import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;

import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;

import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;

public class WordMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, IntWritable> {

private final static IntWritable count = new IntWritable(1);

private final Text nameText = new Text();

@Override

protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException,

InterruptedException {

StringTokenizer tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(value.toString()," ");

while (tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) {

nameText.set(tokenizer.nextToken());

context.write(nameText, count);

}

}

}

--------------------------------------------------

WordReducer.java file: Reducer Program

--------------------------------------------------

import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;

import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;

import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;

public class WordReducer extends Reducer<Text, IntWritable, Text, IntWritable> {

@Override

protected void reduce(Text t, Iterable<IntWritable> counts, Context context)

throws IOException, InterruptedException {

int sum = 0;

for (IntWritable count : counts) {

sum += count.get();

}

context.write(t, new IntWritable(sum));

}

}

4. Run the MapReduce program

Create the jar of the Code in Step 3 and use the following command to run the MapReduce program

$ hadoop jar WordCount.jar WordCountProgram input.txt output1

Here,

WordCount.jar: Name of jar exported having the all the methods.

WordCountProgram: Driver Program having the entire configuration

input.txt: Input file

output1: Output folder where the output file will be stored

5. View the Output

View the output in the output1 folder

$ hadoop fs -cat /user/cloudera/output1/part-r-00000

Hare 8

Krishna 5

Lord 1

Rama 4

Thanks 1

book 1

for 1

helping 1

this 1

us 1

write 1

PROGRAM 2: Simple Custom Partitioner Program

Introduction

We will use custom partitioning in MapReduce program to display the records in two age categories less than age 15 and greater than 15.In this program our data is partitioned into 2 partitions according to the age field in our data.

Software Versions

The software versions used are:

VirtualBox: 4.3.20

CDH 5.3: Default MapReduce Version

hadoop-core-2.5.0

hadoop-yarn-common-2.5.0

Steps

1. Create the input file

Create the grades.txt file where each record is Name,Age,marks text.

$ vi grades.txt

Shiva,10,90

Mahi,5,95

Shivi,15,99

Hari,10,100

Alex,20,85

2. Move the input file into HDFS

Use the –put or –copyFromLocal command to move the file into HDFS

$ hadoop fs -put input.txt

3. Code for the MapReduce program

Java files:

CustomParitionDriver.java //Driver program

PartitionMapper.java //Mapper program

MarksPartitioner.java //partition the data according to age

PartitionReducer.java //displaying data in 2 partitions

31 SAP ABAP Interview Questions With Answers For Freshers And Experienced

2016-07-16T02:28:00.001-07:00

Welcome back guys, here are 31 SAP ABAP Interview Questions And Answers For Freshers And Experienced.

SAP ABAP Interview Questions

1) What is an ABAP data dictionary?

2) What are domains and data element?

3) What is foreign key relationship?

4) Describe Data Classes.

5) What are indexes?

6) Difference between transparent tables and pooled tables.

7) What is an ABAP/4 Query?

8) What is BDC programming?

9) What are the functional modules used in sequence in BDC?

10) What are internal tables?

11) What is ITS? What are the merits of ITS?

12) What is DynPro?

13) What are screen painter and menu painter?

14) What are the components of SAP scripts?

15) What is ALV programming in ABAP? When is this grid used in ABAP?

16) What are the events in ABAP/4 language?

17) What is CTS and what do you know about it?

18) What are logical databases? What are the advantages/ dis-advantages of logical databases?

19) What is a batch input session?

20) How to upload data using CATT?

21) What is Smart Forms?

22) How can I make a differentiation between dependent and independent data?

23) What is the difference between macro and subroutine?

24) Which table stores the Programs created?

25) How can we compare two programs?

26) Difference between synchronous and asynchronous processing?

27) What is BDC recording?

28) What is the role of BDC data in call transaction method?

29) What is bdcmsgcol and how it works with call transaction method?

30) What is the role of (gui_upload) functional module in call transaction method?

31) What is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous update?

SAP ABAP Interview Questions And Answers

1) What is an ABAP data dictionary?

A) ABAP 4 data dictionary describes the logical structures of the objects used in application development and shows how they are mapped to the underlying relational database in tables/views.

2) What are domains and data element?

A) Domains:Domain is the central object for describing the technical characteristics of an attribute of an business objects. It describes the value range of the field. Data Element: It is used to describe the semantic definition of the table fields like description the field. Data element describes how a field can be displayed to end-user.

3) What is foreign key relationship?

A) A relationship which can be defined between tables and must be explicitly defined at field level. Foreign keys are used to ensure the consistency of data. Data entered should be checked against existing data to ensure that there are now contradiction. While defining foreign key relationship cardinality has to be specified. Cardinality mentions how many dependent records or how referenced records are possible.

4) Describe Data Classes.

Master data: It is the data which is seldomly changed.

Transaction data: It is the data which is often changed.

Organization data: It is a customizing data which is entered in the system when the system is configured and is then rarely changed.

System data:It is the data which R/3 system needs for itself.

5) What are indexes?

Indexes are described as a copy of a database table reduced to specific fields. This data exists in sorted form. This sorting form ease fast access to the field of the tables.

In order that other fields are also read, a pointer to the associated record of the actual table are included in the index. The indexes are activated along with the table and are created automatically with it in the database.

6) Difference between transparent tables and pooled tables.

Transparent tables: Transparent tables in the dictionary has a one-to-one relation with the table in database. Its structure corresponds to single database field. Table in the database has the same name as in the dictionary. Transparent table holds application data.

Pooled tables. Pooled tables in the dictionary has a many-to-one relation with the table in database. Table in the database has the different name as in the dictionary. Pooled table are stored in table pool at the database level.

7) What is an ABAP/4 Query?

ABAP/4 Query is a powerful tool to generate simple reports without any coding. ABAP/4 Query can generate the following 3 simple reports: Basic List: It is the simple reports.

Statistics: Reports with statistical functions like Average, Percentages.

Ranked Lists: For analytical reports.

For creating a ABAP/4 Query, programmer has to create user group and a functional group. Functional group can be created using with or without logical database table. Finally, assign user group to functional group. Finally, create a query on the functional group generated.

8) What is BDC programming?

Transferring of large/external/legacy data into SAP system using Batch Input programming. Batch input is a automatic procedure referred to as BDC (Batch Data Communications).

The central component of the transfer is a queue file which receives the data vie a batch input programs and groups associated data into "sessions".

9) What are the functional modules used in sequence in BDC?

These are the 3 functional modules which are used in a sequence to perform a data transfer successfully using BDC programming:

BDC_OPEN_GROUP - Parameters like Name of the client, sessions and user name are specified in this functional modules.

BDC_INSERT - It is used to insert the data for one transaction into a session.

BDC_CLOSE_GROUP - This is used to close the batch input session.

10) What are internal tables?

Internal tables are a standard data type object which exists only during the runtime of the program. They are used to perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organising the contents of database tables according to users need.

11) What is ITS? What are the merits of ITS?

ITS is a Internet Transaction Server. ITS forms an interface between HTTP server and R/3 system, which converts screen provided data by the R/3 system into HTML documents and vice versa.

Merits of ITS: A complete web transaction can be developed and tested in R/3 system. All transaction components, including those used by the ITS outside the R/3 system at runtime, can be stored in the R/3 system.

The advantage of automatic language processing in the R/3 system can be utilized to language dependent HTML documents at runtime.

12) What is DynPro?

DynPro is a Dynamic Programming which is a combination of screen and the associated flow logic Screen is also called as DynPro.

13) What are screen painter and menu painter?

Screen painter: Screen painter is a tool to design and maintain screen and its elements. It allows user to create GUI screens for the transactions. Attributes, layout, filed attributes and flow logic are the elements of Screen painter.

Menu painter: Menu painter is a tool to design the interface components. Status, menu bars, menu lists, F-key settings, functions and titles are the components of Menu painters. Screen painter and menu painter both are the graphical interface of an ABAP/4 applications.

14) What are the components of SAP scripts?

SAP scripts is a word processing tool of SAP which has the following components: Standard text. It is like a standard normal documents. Layout sets.

Layout set consists of the following components: Windows and pages, Paragraph formats, Character formats. Creating forms in the R/3 system. Every layout set consists of Header, paragraph, and character string. ABAP/4 program.

15) What is ALV programming in ABAP? When is this grid used in ABAP?

ALV is Application List viewer. Sap provides a set of ALV (ABAP LIST VIEWER) function modules which can be put into use to embellish the output of a report. This set of ALV functions is used to enhance the readability and functionality of any report output.

Cases arise in sap when the output of a report contains columns extending more than 255 characters in length. In such cases, this set of ALV functions can help choose selected columns and arrange the different columns from a report output and also save different variants for report display.

This is a very efficient tool for dynamically sorting and arranging the columns from a report output. The report output can contain up to 90 columns in the display with the wide array of display options.

ABAP Interview Questions For Freshers

16) What are the events in ABAP/4 language?

Initialization, At selection-screen,Start-of-selection, end-of-selection, top-of-page, end-of-page, At line-selection, At user-command, At PF, Get, At New, At LAST, AT END, AT FIRST.

17) What is CTS and what do you know about it?

The Change and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development projects in the ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between the SAP Systems and clients in your system landscape. This documentation provides you with an overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and essential information on setting up your system and client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow this documentation when planning your development project.

18) What are logical databases? What are the advantages/ dis-advantages of logical databases?

To read data from a database tables we use logical database. A logical database provides read-only access to a group of related tables to an ABAP/4 program.

Advantages:

i) check functions which check that user input is complete, correct,and plausible.

ii) Meaningful data selection.

iii) Central authorization checks for database accesses.

iv) Good read access performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the application logic.

Disadvantages:

i) If you don't specify a logical database in the program attributes,the GET events never occur.

ii) There is no ENDGET command,so the code block associated with an event ends with the next event statement (such as another GET or an END-OF-SELECTION).

19) What is a batch input session?

BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name behind it, and how next screen is processed.

20) How to upload data using CATT?

These are the steps to be followed to Upload data through CATT: Creation of the CATT test case & recording the sample data input. Download of the source file template. Modification of the source file. Upload of the data from the source file.

21) What is Smart Forms?

Smart Forms allows you to create forms using a graphical design tool with robust functionality, color, and more. Additionally, all new forms developed at SAP will be created with the new Smart Form solution.

22) How can I make a differentiation between dependent and independent data?

Client dependent or independent transfer requirements include client specific or cross client objects in the change requests. Workbench objects like SAPscripts are client specific, some entries in customizing are client independent. If you display the object list for one change request, and then for each object the object attributes, you will find the flag client specific. If one object in the task list has this flag on, then that transport will be client dependent.

23) What is the difference between macro and subroutine?

Macros can only be used in the program the are defined in and only after the definition are expanded at compilation / generation. Subroutines (FORM) can be called from both the program the are defined in and other programs.

A MACRO is more or less an abbreviation for some lines of code that are used more than once or twice. A FORM is a local subroutine (which can be called external). A FUNCTION is (more or less) a subroutine that is called external.

Since debugging a MACRO is not really possible, prevent the use of them (I've never used them, but seen them in action). If the subroutine is used only local (called internal) use a FORM. If the subroutine is called external (used by more than one program) use a FUNCTION.

24) Which table stores the Programs created?

Table: TRDIR

25) How can we compare two programs?

Se30

26) Difference between synchronous and asynchronous processing?

Synchronous is sequential updation of fields where as asynchronous is not in series.

27) What is BDC recording?

In BDC recording you record the transaction through which you want to upload data. This tool will create a program for you and you don't need to create the program manually. You can code both call transaction and session method using this tool .

28) What is the role of BDC data in call transaction method?

In bdc you need to pass data to particular screen and particular screen fields. We do this using the structure BDCDATA available in the abap dictonary. for more information just have a look at a sample code for BDC.

29) What is bdcmsgcol and how it works with call transaction method?

BDCMSGCOLL is a structure available in the abap dictionary. We use this to handle errors in call transaction. We need to declare an internal table like bdcmsgcoll. When a database table is updated we get some messages like successful , or not successful or successful with some warning message. All these messages 5 pass through this structure. We can capture them using a function module called FORMAT_MESSAGE.

30) What is the role of (gui_upload) functional module in call transaction method?

Its the same as ws_upload or Upload fm used for uploading data from flat file to internal table.

31) What is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous update?
In synchronous updated the parent table is updated along with the child tables and then a sy-subrc is returned. 0 for successful and 4 or 8 for not successful. While in asynchronous updation after the updation of the parent table we get a sy-subrc return. The system is not bothered if the child tables are updated or not.

60 Most Asked SAP ABAP Interview Questions And Answers

2016-05-07T11:14:00.000-07:00

Sap Abap Interview Questions and Answers

1) What is an ABAP?

ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) is a high level programming language created by the German software company SAP. It is currently positioned as the language for programming SAP's Web Application Server, part of its NetWeaver platform for building business applications. Its syntax is somewhat similar to COBOL.

2) What is an ABAP data dictionary?

ABAP 4 data dictionary describes the logical structures of the objects used in application development and shows how they are mapped to the underlying relational database in tables/views.

3) What are domains and data element?

Domains:Domain is the central object for describing the technical characteristics of an attribute of an business objects. It describes the value range of the field. Data Element: It is used to describe the semantic definition of the table fields like description the field. Data element describes how a field can be displayed to end-user.

4) What is foreign key relationship?

A relationship which can be defined between tables and must be explicitly defined at field level. Foreign keys are used to ensure the consistency of data. Data entered should be checked against existing data to ensure that there are now contradiction. While defining foreign key relationship cardinality has to be specified. Cardinality mentions how many dependent records or how referenced records are possible.

5) Describe data classes.

Master data: It is the data which is seldom changed. Transaction data: It is the data which is often changed. Organization data: It is a customizing data which is entered in the system when the system is configured and is then rarely changed. System data:It is the data which R/3 system needs for itself.

6) What are indexes?

Indexes are described as a copy of a database table reduced to specific fields. This data exists in sorted form. This sorting form ease fast access to the field of the tables. In order that other fields are also read, a pointer to the associated record of the actual table are included in the index. The indexes are activated along with the table and are created automatically with it in the database.

7) Difference between transparent tables and pooled tables.

Transparent tables: Transparent tables in the dictionary has a one-to-one relation with the table in database. Its structure corresponds to single database field. Table in the database has the same name as in the dictionary.

Transparent table holds application data. Pooled tables. Pooled tables in the dictionary has a many-to-one relation with the table in database. Table in the database has the different name as in the dictionary. Pooled table are stored in table pool at the database level.

8) What is an ABAP/4 Query?

ABAP/4 Query is a powerful tool to generate simple reports without any coding. ABAP/4 Query can generate the following 3 simple reports:

Basic List: It is the simple reports.

Statistics: Reports with statistical functions like Average, Percentages.

Ranked Lists: For analytical reports.

Transferring of large/external/legacy data into SAP system using Batch Input programming. Batch input is a automatic procedure referred to as BDC(Batch Data Communications). The central component of the transfer is a queue file which receives the data vie a batch input programs and groups associated data into “sessions”.

10) What are the functional modules used in sequence in BDC?

These are the 3 functional modules which are used in a sequence to perform a data transfer successfully using BDC programming:

BDC_OPEN_GROUP - Parameters like Name of the client, sessions and user name are specified in this functional modules.

BDC_INSERT - It is used to insert the data for one transaction into a session.

BDC_CLOSE_GROUP - This is used to close the batch input session.

ABAP Interview Questions And Answers

11) What are internal tables?

Internal tables are a standard data type object which exists only during the run-time of the program. They are used to perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organizing the contents of database tables according to users need.

12) What is ITS? What are the merits of ITS?

ITS is a Internet Transaction Server. ITS forms an interface between HTTP server and R/3 system, which converts screen provided data by the R/3 system into HTML documents and vice-versa.

Merits of ITS: A complete web transaction can be developed and tested in R/3 system. All transaction components, including those used by the ITS outside the R/3 system at run-time, can be stored in the R/3 system. The advantage of automatic language processing in the R/3 system can be utilized to language-dependent HTML documents at run-time.

13) What is DynPro?

DynPro is a Dynamic Programming which is a combination of screen and the associated flow logic Screen is also called as DynPro.

14) What are screen painter and menu painter?

15) What are the components of SAP scripts?

SAP scripts is a word processing tool of SAP which has the following components:

Standard text. It is like a standard normal documents.

Layout sets. - Layout set consists of the following components: Windows and pages, Paragraph formats, Character formats. Creating forms in the R/3 system. Every layout set consists of Header, paragraph, and character string. ABAP/4 program.

16) What is ALV programming in ABAP? When is this grid used in ABAP?

ALV is Application List viewer. Sap provides a set of ALV (ABAP LIST VIEWER) function modules which can be put into use to embellish the output of a report.

This set of ALV functions is used to enhance the readability and functionality of any report output. Cases arise in sap when the output of a report contains columns extending more than 255 characters in length.

In such cases, this set of ALV functions can help choose selected columns and arrange the different columns from a report output and also save different variants for report display.

This is a very efficient tool for dynamically sorting and arranging the columns from a report output. The report output can contain up to 90 columns in the display with the wide array of display options.

17) What are the events in ABAP/4 language?

Initialization,

At selection-screen,

Start-of-selection,

End-of-selection,

Top-of-page,

End-of-page,

At line-selection,

At user-command,

At PF,

Get,

At New,

At LAST,

AT END,

AT FIRST.

18) What is CTS and what do you know about it?

This documentation provides you with an overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and essential information on setting up your system and client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow this documentation when planning your development project.

19) What are logical databases? What are the advantages/ dis-advantages of logical databases?

To read data from a database tables we use logical database. A logical database provides read-only access to a group of related tables to an ABAP/4 program.

Advantages:

i)check functions which check that user input is complete, correct,and plausible.

ii)Meaningful data selection.

iii)central authorization checks for database accesses.

iv)good read access performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the application logic.

Disadvantages:

i)If you don't specify a logical database in the program attributes,the GET events never occur.

ii)There is no ENDGET command,so the code block associated with an event ends with the next event statement (such as another GET or an END-OF-SELECTION).

20) What is a batch input session?

Most Asked SAP ABAP Interview Questions

21) How to upload data using CATT ?

Client dependent or independent transfer requirements include client specific or cross client objects in the change requests. Workbench objects like SAP scripts are client specific, some entries in customizing are client independent.

If you display the object list for one change request, and then for each object the object attributes, you will find the flag client specific. If one object in the task list has this flag on, then that transport will be client dependent.

24) What is the difference between macro and subroutine?

A MACRO is more or less an abbreviation for some lines of code that are used more than once or twice. A FORM is a local subroutine (which can be called external).

A FUNCTION is (more or less) a subroutine that is called external. Since debugging a MACRO is not really possible, prevent the use of them (I’ve never used them, but seen them in action).

If the subroutine is used only local (called internal) use a FORM. If the subroutine is called external (used by more than one program) use a FUNCTION.

25) What is the differences between structure and table in data dictionary in ABAP?

Structure and table both are 2/2 matrices but there are many differences between table and structure.

1. Table can store the data physically but a structure dose not store.

2. Table can have primary key but a structure dose not have.

3. Table can have the technical attribute but a structure dose not have.

1. Structure doesn't contain technical attributes.

2. Structure doesn't contain primary key.

3. Structure doesn't stores underline database level.

26) How we format the data before before write statement in report ?

We can format the reports output by using the loop events like:

1.at first
2.at new
3.at last
etc

27) What is the difference between Table and Template?

Table is a dynamic and template is a static

28) When do we use End-of-selection?

End-of-selection event are mostly usedÂ when we are writing HR-ABAP code. In the HR-ABAP code, data is retrived in the Start-of-selection event and Printing on the list and all will beÂ done in End-of-selection event.

29) In events start-of-selection is default event. When we have to use this event explicitly? Why?

The default event in the ABAP is Start-of-selection.We have to call explicitly this event when you are writing other than this eventÂ , that is when you write ATÂ SELECTION-SCREEN EVENTS OR INITIALIZATION EVENT etc,you have to explicitly mention the Start-of-selection event while you are writing the logic.

Before these events called ,all the code you have written come into this default Start-of-selection screen event.

30) What is the differences between ABAP and OOABAP. In which situation we use OOABAP?

OOABAP is used to develop BSP/PCUI applications and also anthing involved object oriented like BADIs, SmartForms..etc. Where as ABAP is used to develop traditional programs in R/3.

ABAP Programming Interview Questions

31) What is table buffer? Which type of tables used this buffer?

Buffer is nothing but a memory area. table is buffered means that table information is available on application server. when you call data from database table it will come from application server.

Transparent and pooled tables are buffered. cluster tables can not buffered.

32) What is the use of pretty printer ?

Exactly where can we link the functional module to abap coding.

Pretty Printer is used to format the ABAP Code we write in ABAP Editor ,like KEY WORDS in Capitals and remaining are in small letters which is also depend on system settings.

We can call the function module in the ABAP Code. Press the Pattern button on Appl. tool bar then u will get box where u write the function module NAME which u want to call in the code by selecting the radio button CALL FUNCTION. In this way we link function module to ABAP Code.

33) What is the difference between SAP memory and ABAP memory?

Answer1: Data sending between main sessions using get parameter and set parameter is sap memory

Data sending between internal sessions using import or export parameters is abap memory

Answer2: SAP memory is a global memory whereas abap memory is local memory.

For example, we have four programs in abap memory and assigned some varibles to a particular program in abap memory then those varibles can't be used by anyother program in abap memory i.e., the variables are only for that program and also local to that memory,whereas sap memory can access all the abap memory or else it can perform any kind of modifications.

Answer3: SAP memory is available to the user during the entire terminal session.

ABAP memory is available to the user during life time of external session

34) What is the difference between Type and Like?

Answer1: TYPE, you assign datatype directly to the data object while declaring.

LIKE,you assign the datatype of another object to the declaring data object. The datatype is referenced indirectly.

Answer2: Type is a keyword used to refer to a data type whereas Like is a keyword used to copy the existing properties of already existing data object.

Answer3: Type refers the existing data type , like refers the existing data object

35) What is Tcode SE16. For what is it used. Explain briefly?

Answer1: SE16 is a T-code for object browser.

Generally used to search the fields of SAP Tables . and respective data.

Answer2: SE16 is a data browse and it is used to view the contents of the table and we cannot change or append new fields to the existing structure of the table as we cannot view the structure level display using the se16

36) What are different ABAP/4 editors? What are the differences?

The 2 editors are se38 and se80 both have the abap editor in place. In se38 you can go create programs and view online reports and basically do all the development of objects in this editor.

In se80 ( object navigator) there are additional features such as creating packages,module pool , function group ,classes, programs ( where you can create ur programs) and BSP applications .

37) What is difference between dialog program and a report?

Report is a executable program.

Dialog is a module pool program. It has to be executed via a transaction only.

Dialog programming is used for customization of screens

38) How do you connect to the remote server if you are working from the office for the client in remote place.

WAS web application server or ITS are generally used for this purpose. If you are sitting at your office with a server which is in the system and the other server is at the clients place you can generate IDOC, intermediate documents which carry the data you want to transfer or the documents you want to transfer, these IDOC are interpreted by the system at the receiving end with the message class with which it is bound with. If you want to logon a system which is very distant..then remote login can be used this depends on the internet speed.

39) Explain about roll area , Dispatcher, ABAP-Processor.

Answer1: Roll area is nothing but memory allocated by work process. It holds the information needed by R/3 about programs execution such as value of the variables.

Dispatcher :All the requests that come from presentation server will be directed first to dispatcher. Further dispatcher sends this requests to work process on FIFO(First In and First Out) basis.

Answer2: Dispatcher receives the request from client and assigns the request to one of the work process.

Roll area: Each work process works in a particular memory that memory is known as Role Area, which consists of User context and session data.

ABAP- Processor :is an interpreter which can execute logic

40) Which one is not an exit command ? (Exit, cancel, stop, back)

STOP.

Effect :The statement STOP is only to be used in executable programs

EXIT.

Effect :If the EXIT statement is executed outside of a loop, it will immediately terminate the current processing block.

BACK.

Effect : This statement positions the list cursor on the first position of the first line in a logical unit.

So "Cancle" is not an exit command

SAP-ABAP Interview Questions & Answers

41) What is Field symbol ?

Answer1: You can use field symbols to make the program more dynamic. In this example the name of a table control is substituted by a field symbol. Thus you cal call the form with any internal table, using the name of the table control as a parameter.

Example
form insert_row
using p_tc_name.

field-symbols <tc> type cxtab_control. "Table control

assign (p_tc_name) to <tc>.

* insert 100 lines in table control
<tc>-lines = 100.

Answer2:

Field symbol has the same concept as pointer in c,
field symbol don't point to a data type like char, num instead of that it points to the memory block. the syntax for field symbol is

FIELD-SYMBOL <N>.
EG. FOR FIELD SYMBOL.
DATA: DAT LIKE SY-DATUM,
TIM LIKE SY-UZEIT,
CHAR(3) TYPE C VALUE 'ADF'.
FIELD-SYMBOL : <FS>.
MOVE DAT TO <FS>.
WRITE:/ <FS>.
MOVE TIM TO <FS>.
WRITE:/ <FS>.
MOVE CHAR TO <FS>.
WRITE:/ <FS>.
The output will be
Today's date
current time

42) What is lock object ?

Lock Objects used to synchronize access of several users using same data.

43) Why BAPI need then BDC ?

BAPI"S provide the standard interface to other applications apart from SAP and within differnt vesions of SAP too. Also it is OOD bases so dosen"t depends on screen flow. BDC gets failed if we make changes for screen changes through IMG customization

44) What are the advantages and disadvantages of using views in ABAP programming ?

Advantages:

* View is used to retrieve the data very fast from the database tables

* Memory wastage is reduced

* Faster than joins to retrieve the data from database tables

Disadvantages:

* View is not a container,it will not hold the data

* View memory is not permanent memory

45) How data is stored in cluster table?

A cluster table contains data from multiple DDIC tables.
It stores data as a name value pair ( varkey, vardata)

46) Have you used performance tuning? What major steps will you use for these?

First of all tuning can be done in three ways: disk i/o, sql tuning , memory tuning,.

Before tuning u have to get the status of your database using
Oracle utility called statpack , tkprof, then you should go for tunning

47) How to create client independent tables?

Client independent tables:

* The table in which the first field is not mandt is the client independent tables

* mandt is the field with mandt as the data element

* Automatically client which we login is populated to mandt

48) What type of user exits have you written?

There are four types

1.function exit

2.menu ixit

3.screen exit.

4.field exit.

these are the user exits

49) How can you debug a script form?

SE71 -> give the form name -> utilities -> activate debugger

50) How do we debug sap script?

First we need to put Break point in Print program where ever you want to stop the execution.

After in SE71 give your form name and go to Utilities-->Active De-bugger.

Then go to your transaction like VF03(for Invoice or Credit memo) etc to see the print preview or print the form execute it.
When you execute it the the form Debugging will get activated and you can see your Form execution step by step.

51) What are the different types of data dictionary objects?

Data Dictionary Objects

* Tables
* Views
* Domain
* Data Element
* Type Groups
* Search Helps/Matchcode Objects
* Lock objects
* Structures
* Table Types

52) What is the step by step process to create a table in data dictionary?

Steps to create database tables - Top to bottom approach

1.go to se11

2.give name the database table

3.give short description for the table

4.Give delivery class name as A and data browser / table view maint as Display/maintenance allowed

5.select fields tab

6.give field name data type(user defined element type/built-in-type),short text

7.select technical settings tab ,give data class as appl0 and size category as 0

8.save it

9.go utilities menu click table contents select create and enter the field values then select display in table contents and u can view the table values with field labels.

53) Which of the following are tools to report data in ABAP?

Ans) ALV

54) ABAP Query tool is used to what?

Ans) Automatically generate code for reporting

55) In ABAP Query tool?

Ans) Each user can be assigned to several user-groups

Each user can be assigned to several functional areas

Each functional area can be assigned to several user-groups

56) Logical databases must be used to create an ABAP Query

Ans) False

57) In a BDC program, how would you handle errored records? Would you…

Ans) Report the errored records

Generate a batch-input session with errored records

Create an output file, to be run again after corrections

58) What are IDocs?

Ans) Documents used for data-transport between SAP and non-SAP s/w.

Documents used for data-transport between two different SAP systems

59) For transportation of data from a presentation server into SAP, the function module used is

Ans) UPLOAD, WS_UPLOAD

60) For one-time high volume data-uploads into SAP from non-reliable systems, the following are generally used:

Ans) BDC

LSMW

60) In an ABAP program, the INITIALIZATION event is invoked

Ans) Before the AT-SELECTION-SCREEN event

What is RICEF - RICEF Objects in SAP ABAP - Basics of ABAP Programming

2015-05-07T10:12:00.001-07:00

Welcome to SAP ABAP Interview Questions - www.sapabapiq.com. Here in this post we are presenting a helpful article on RICEF objects in SAP ABAP. This article will help newbie SAP ABAP developers and also refreshing for experienced SAP ABAP consultants. Read complete blog post on RICEF Objects in SAP ABAP.

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SAP Object Oriented ABAP Interview Questions Answers

2014-08-10T10:00:00.000-07:00

SAP ABAP Object Oriented Programming Interview Questions and Answers, this post consist of OOABAP interview questions and answers.

Object Oriented ABAP Interview Questions Answers

These OOPS ABAP interview questions are frequently asked in the interviews. Just have a look into this post and read this questions. Click on read more to read this post.

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Module Pool Programming Interview Questions in SAP ABAP

2014-08-07T10:24:00.000-07:00

Welcome to SAP ABAP Interview Questions and Answers. Module Pool Programming Interview Questions and Answers.

Dialog programming interview questions, Interview questions on module pool programming in SAP ABAP, Real Time Interview Questions Part-2.

This post consist of Dialog Programming Real Time Questions for the all levels of interviews on SAP-ABAP Programming. Dialog Programming is a special type of programming in SAP ABAP. Dialog programming (Module pool) is used to create custom SAP screens as per business requirement. Dialog programs are executed using T-codes. Click on read more to read the questions.

Module Pool Programming Interview Questions and Answers

2014-08-05T10:00:00.000-07:00

Welcome to SAP ABAP Interview Questions. Read a helpful article on SAP ABAP Module Pool Programming / Dialog Programming Real Time Interview Questions Part-1.

This post consist of Dialog Programming Real Time Questions for the all levels of interviews on SAP-ABAP Programming. Dialog Programming is a special type of programming in SAP ABAP. Dialog programming (Module pool) is used to create custom SAP screens as per business requirement. Dialog programs are executed using T-codes. Click on read more to read the questions.

SAP Dialog / Module Pool Programming Interview Questions

2014-08-01T10:13:00.000-07:00

Welcome to SAP ABAP Interview Questions and Answers. Read Dialog Programming / Module Pool Programming Interview Questions.

Module Pool Programming Interview Questions

Module Pool Programming is a special type of programming in SAP ABAP. Dialog programming (Module pool) is used to create custom SAP screens as per business requirement. Dialog programs are executed using t-codes with out t-code we can’t execute the program. This post gives the Third part of Interview questions on Dialog Programming.

Dialog Programming Interview Questions in SAP ABAP

2014-07-30T10:07:00.000-07:00

Welcome to SAP ABAP Interview Questions and Answers. Read Dialog Programming Interview Questions in SAP ABAP.

SAP ABAP Dialog Programming Interview Questions

Dialog Programming is a special type of programming in SAP ABAP. Dialog programming (Module pool) is used to create custom SAP screens as per business requirement. Dialog programs are executed using t-codes with out t-code we can’t execute the program. This post gives the second part of Interview questions on Dialog Programming.

ABAP Module Pool Programming Interview Questions in SAP

2014-07-28T10:01:00.000-07:00

Welcome to SAP ABAP Interview Questions. Read Real Time Interview Questions on Module Pool Programming in SAP ABAP.

SAP ABAP Module Pool Programming Interview Questions

Dialog Programming is a special type of programming in SAP ABAP. Dialog programming (Module pool) is used to create custom SAP screens as per business requirement. Dialog programs are executed using t-codes with out t-code we can’t execute the program. This post gives the list of all real time interview questions on Dialog programming more than 100, which questions are asked in various interviews.

SAP Tables - Commonly Used SD MM FI Tables For ABAPers

2014-07-15T10:21:00.000-07:00

Welcome to SAP ABAP Interview Questions. SAP Tables - Commonly Used SD, MM, FI Tables in SAP for ABAPers.

Most Frequently Used Tables in SAP By The ABAP Programmers

Dear ABAPers this post gives the list of most commonly used SAP Tables in SD, MM and FI modules. For more details read this article to know most frequently used tables in SAP by the ABAP programmers in SAP SD, MM, FI modules.

What is Table Maintenance Generator - TMG in SAP ABAP

2014-07-10T11:23:00.000-07:00

Welcome to SAP ABAP Interview Questions. What is Table Maintenance Generator (TMG) Interview Questions.

Data Dictionary Interview Questions in SAP ABAP

TMG (Table Maintenance Generator) is used to maintain the bulk amount of data, by using events we can validate the table fields. In real time always we are working with this Table Maintenance Generator. It plays a major role in SAP ABAP Data dictionary. This post gives the list of interview questions related to table maintenance generator.

SAP VIEWS Types- Database Projection Maintenance Help

2014-07-05T11:33:00.000-07:00

Welcome to SAP ABAP Interview Questions. SAP VIEWS Types- Database, Projection, Maintenance, and Help view.

What Are VIEWS in SAP ABAP?

A view is a virtual table which is used to access the data of multiple database tables. A view contains fields from multiple database tables to display data. Views are four types in SAP ABAP.

Creating ALV Grid Control using Call FM and OO Approach in ABAP

2014-05-27T08:48:00.000-07:00

Hello friends, welcome to www.sapabapiq.com. Here we are presenting a article on How to create ALV grid control using function module and using object oriented approach in SAP ABAP.

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70 SAP ABAP Interview Questions and Answers

2014-05-19T07:53:00.000-07:00

SAP ABAP Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers Experienced. Welcome to www.sapabapiq.com.

Here in this post we are providing some basic and advanced interview questions related to SAP ABAP. These interview questions will help novice programmers as well for experienced professionals to prepare well for interviews. Read here: OOABAP Interview Questions and Answers

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100 SAP ABAP Useful Transaction Codes for Developers

2014-05-05T10:28:00.000-07:00

100 SAP ABAP Useful Transaction Codes for Developers, Helpful SAP ABAP TCodes for ABAP developers.

Welcome to SAP ABAP Interview Questions, here sapabapiq.com presenting list of 100 SAP ABAP Useful Transaction Codes for Developers. SAP T codes are used to call a particular screen or dialog in SAP.

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System Fields in SAP ABAP Complete List

2014-05-03T00:11:00.000-07:00

System Fields in SAP ABAP Complete List, SAP ABAP system fields list on Screens, Selection Screen, System Fields, Date and Time, Lists. Welcome to SAP ABAP Interview Questions.

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How to Create ALV Interactive Report Using OOABAP

2014-05-02T03:09:00.000-07:00

How to Create ALV Interactive Report Using OOABAP Tutorial, welcome to SAP ABAP Interview Questions.

Creating ALV Interactive Report Using OOABAP

Let's find the tutorial on creating ALV interactive report by using object oriented advanced business applications programming source code.

Complete List of SAP ABAP Function Modules

2014-04-16T10:04:00.000-07:00

SAP ABAP Function Modules, Complete list of function modules in SAP ABAP. Useful function modules for ABAP programmers. ABAP function modules with explanation.

Useful SAP ABAP Function Modules

Welcome to SAP ABAP Interview questions, here we are presenting article on ABAP function modules. We hope that this article will help ABAP programmers and technical consultants to learn about function modules in SAP ABAP.

List of SAP ABAP Function Modules with Explanation


ABAP_DOCU_DOWNLOAD	Download ABAP documentation in HTML format.

APPL_LOG_DELETE	With this function module you delete logs in the database according to specified selection conditions

APPL_LOG_DISPLAY	With this function module you can analyze logs in the database.

APPL_LOG_DISPLAY_INTERN	With this function module you can analyze logs in local memory, e.g. when you have only collected log records at runtime and do not want to write to the database.

APPL_LOG_INIT	This function module checks whether the specified object or sub-object exists and deletes all existing associated data in local memory.

APPL_LOG_READ_DB	With this function module you read the log data in the database for an object or sub-object according to specified selection conditions.

APPL_LOG_READ_INTERN	With this function module you read all log data whose log class has at least the specified value, from local memory, for the specified object or sub-object.

APPL_LOG_SET_OBJECT	With this function module, you create a new object or sub-object for writing in local memory. With a flag you can control whether the APPL_LOG_WRITE_... messages are written in local memory or are output on the screen.

APPL_LOG_WRITE_DB	With this function module you write all data for the specified object or sub-object in local memory to the database. If the log for the object or sub-object in question is new, the log number is returned to the calling program.

APPL_LOG_WRITE_HEADER	With this function module, you write the log header data in local memory.

APPL_LOG_WRITE_LOG_PARAMETERS	With this function module, you write the name of the log parameters and the associated values for the specified object or sub-object in local memory. If this function module is called repeatedly for the same object or sub-object, the existing parameters are updated accordingly. If you do not specify an object or sub-object with the call, the most recently used is assumed.

APPL_LOG_WRITE_MESSAGE_PARAMS	With this function module you write a single message, with parameters, in local memory. Otherwise the function module works like APPL_LOG_WRITE_SINGLE_MESSAGE.

APPL_LOG_WRITE_MESSAGES	With this function module you write one or more messages, without parameters, in local memory.

APPL_LOG_WRITE_SINGLE_MESSAGE	With this function module you write a single message, without parameters, in local memory. If no header entry has yet been written for the object or sub-object, it is created. If you do not specify an object or sub-object with the call, the most recently used is assumed.

ARFC_GET_TID	will return the IP address of the terminal in hex.

BAL_CNTL_CREATE	Create Control for log display

BAL_CNTL_FREE	Release Control

BAL_CNTL_REFRESH	Put new data in log display

BAL_DB_DELETE	Delete logs from the database

BAL_DB_DEQUEUE	Unlock log

BAL_DB_ENQUEUE	Lock log

BAL_DB_LOAD	Load logs from the database

BAL_DB_LOAD	Load log(s)

BAL_DB_SAVE	Save logs in the database

BAL_DB_SAVE	Save log(s)

BAL_DB_SAVE_PREPARE	Prepare save

BAL_DB_SEARCH	Find logs in the database

BAL_DSP_LOG_DISPLAY	Display messages in memory

BAL_DSP_LOG_DISPLAY	Display Log

BAL_DSP_LOG_PARAMETERS	Either output extended long text or call a callback routine (based on the data in BAL_S_LOG-PARAMS)

BAL_DSP_LOG_TECHNICAL_DATA	Output all log header data

BAL_DSP_MSG_LONGTEXT	Display message long text

BAL_DSP_MSG_PARAMETERS	Either output extended long text or call a callback routine (based on the data in BAL_S_MSG-PARAMS)

BAL_DSP_MSG_TECHNICAL_DATA	Output technical data of a message such as work area, error number, etc.

BAL_DSP_OUTPUT_FREE	End output

BAL_DSP_OUTPUT_INIT	Initialize output

BAL_DSP_OUTPUT_SET_DATA	Set dataset to be displayed

BAL_DSP_PROFILE_DETLEVEL_GET	Message hierarchy in DETLEVEL

BAL_DSP_PROFILE_NO_TREE_GET	Display without tree (fullscreen)

BAL_DSP_PROFILE_POPUP_GET	Display without tree (popup)

BAL_DSP_PROFILE_SINGLE_LOG_GET	Standard profile (SLG1) for one log

BAL_DSP_PROFILE_STANDARD_GET	Standard profile (SLG1) for a lot of logs

BAL_GLB_AUTHORIZATION_GET	Assign authorization

BAL_GLB_AUTHORIZATION_RESET	Reset authorization

BAL_GLB_CONFIG_GET	Read configuration

BAL_GLB_CONFIG_SET	Set configuration

BAL_GLB_MEMORY_EXPORT	Put function group memory in ABAP-MEMORY

BAL_GLB_MEMORY_IMPORT	Get function group memory from ABAP-MEMORY

BAL_GLB_MEMORY_REFRESH	(Partially) reset global memory

BAL_GLB_MEMORY_REFRESH	(Partially) initialize memory

BAL_GLB_MSG_CURRENT_HANDLE_GET	Get current message handle

BAL_GLB_MSG_DEFAULTS_GET	Get message defaults

BAL_GLB_SEARCH_LOG	Find logs in memory

BAL_GLB_SEARCH_MSG	Find messages in memory

BAL_LOG_CREATE	Create log with header data

BAL_LOG_CREATE	Create log with header data

BAL_LOG_DELETE	Delete log (from database also at Save)

BAL_LOG_EXIST	Check existence of a log in memory

BAL_LOG_HDR_CHANGE	Change log header

BAL_LOG_HDR_CHECK	Check log header data for consistency

BAL_LOG_HDR_READ	Read log header and other data

BAL_LOG_MSG_ADD	Put message in log

BAL_LOG_MSG_ADD	Put message in log

BAL_LOG_MSG_CHANGE	Change message

BAL_LOG_MSG_CHANGE	Change message

BAL_LOG_MSG_CHECK	Check message data for consistency

BAL_LOG_MSG_CUMULATE	Add message cumulated

BAL_LOG_MSG_DELETE	Delete message

BAL_LOG_MSG_DELETE	Delete message

BAL_LOG_MSG_EXIST	Check existence of a message in memory

BAL_LOG_MSG_READ	Read message and other data

BAL_LOG_MSG_REPLACE	Replace last message

BAL_LOG_REFRESH	Delete log from memory

BAL_LOG_REFRESH	Delete log from memory

BAL_MSG_DISPLAY_ABAP	Output message as ABAP-MESSAGE

BAL_OBJECT_SELECT	Read Application Log objects table record

BAL_OBJECT_SUBOBJECT	Check whether object and subobject exist and the combination is allowed

BAL_SUBOBJECT_SELECT	Read subobject table record

BP_EVENT_RAISE	Trigger an event from ABAP/4 program

BP_JOBLOG_READ	Fetch job log executions

CHANGEDOCUMENT_READ_HEADERS	Get the change document header for a sales document, and put the results in an internal table.

Example: CALL FUNCTION 'CHANGEDOCUMENT_READ_HEADERS' EXPORTING objectclass = 'EINKBELEG' objectid = l_objectid username = space TABLES i_cdhdr = lt_cdhdr. LOOP AT lt_cdhdr WHERE udate IN s_aedat. CALL FUNCTION 'CHANGEDOCUMENT_READ_POSITIONS' EXPORTING changenumber = lt_cdhdr-changenr TABLES editpos = lt_editpos. LOOP AT lt_editpos WHERE fname = 'LOEKZ' AND f_new = 'L'. p_desc = text-r01. " Cancel Contract ENDLOOP. ENDLOOP.
CHANGEDOCUMENT_READ_POSITIONS	Get the details of a change document, and store them in an internal table. This will tell you whether a field was changed, deleted, or updated.

Example: CALL FUNCTION 'CHANGEDOCUMENT_READ_HEADERS' EXPORTING objectclass = 'EINKBELEG' objectid = l_objectid username = space TABLES i_cdhdr = lt_cdhdr. LOOP AT lt_cdhdr WHERE udate IN s_aedat. CALL FUNCTION 'CHANGEDOCUMENT_READ_POSITIONS' EXPORTING changenumber = lt_cdhdr-changenr TABLES editpos = lt_editpos. LOOP AT lt_editpos WHERE fname = 'LOEKZ' AND f_new = 'L'. p_desc = text-r01. " Cancel Contract ENDLOOP. ENDLOOP.
CLAF_CLASSIFICATION_OF_OBJECTS	Return all of the characteristics for a material

CLOI_PUT_SIGN_IN_FRONT	Move the negative sign from the left hand side of a number, to the right hand side of the number. Note that The result will be left justified (like all character fields), not right justifed as numbers normally are.

CLPB_EXPORT	Export a text table to the clipboard (on presentation server)

CLPB_IMPORT	Import a Text Table from the Clipboard (on presentation server)

COMMIT_TEXT	To load long text into SAP

CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_INPUT	converts any number into a string fill with zeroes, with the number at the extreme right

Example: input = 123 output = 0000000000000...000000000000123
CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT	converts any number with zeroes right into a simple integer

Example: input = 00000000000123 output = 123
CONVERT_ABAPSPOOLJOB_2_PDF	convert abap spool output to PDF

CONVERT_OTF	Convert SAP documents (SAPScript) to other types.

Example: CALL FUNCTION "CONVERT_OTF" EXPORTING FORMAT = "PDF" IMPORTING BIN_FILESIZE = FILE_LEN TABLES OTF = OTFDATA LINES = PDFDATA EXCEPTIONS ERR_MAX_LINEWIDTH = 1 ERR_FORMAT = 2 ERR_CONV_NOT_POSSIBLE = 3 OTHERS = 4.
CONVERT_OTFSPOOLJOB_2_PDF	converts a OTF spool to PDF (i.e. Sapscript document)

CONVERT_TO_FOREIGN_CURRENCY	Convert local currency to foreign currency.

CONVERT_TO_LOCAL_CURRENCY	Convert from foreign currency to local currency

DATE_CHECK_PLAUSIBILITY	Check to see if a date is in a valid format for SAP. Works well when validating dates being passed in from other systems.

DATE_COMPUTE_DAY	Returns a number indicating what day of the week the date falls on. Monday is returned as a 1, Tuesday as 2, etc.

DATE_GET_WEEK	will return the week that a date is in.

DATE_IN_FUTURE	Calculate a date N days in the future.

DAY_ATTRIBUTES_GET	Return useful information about a day. Will tell you the day of the week as a word (Tuesday), the day of the week (2 would be Tuedsay), whether the day is a holiday, and more.(provided by Francois Henrotte)

DOWNLOAD	download a file to the presentation server (PC)

DYNP_VALUES_READ	Read the values from a dynpro. This function can be used to read the values from a report's selection screen too (Another example).

DYNP_VALUES_UPDATE	Similar to DYNP_VALUES_READ, this function will allow the updating of fields on a dynpro. Very useful when you want to change a field based on the value entered for another field.

ENQUE_SLEEP	Wait a specified period of time before continuing processing.

ENQUEUE_ESFUNCTION	Lock an abap program so that it cannot be executed.

Example: Set the parameters as follows: RELID = 'ZZ' SRTF2 = 0 SRTF = (your report name)
Please note that you should not use SY-REPID to pass your report name to the function. The value of SY-REPID will change as it is being passed to the function module, and will no longer hold the value of the calling report.
EPS_GET_DIRECTORY_LISTING	return a list of filenames from a local or network drive

EPS_GET_FILE_ATTRIBUTES	Pass in a filename and a path, and will return attributes for the file

F4_DATE	displays a calendar in a popup window and allows user to choose a date, or it can be displayed read only.

F4_IF_FIELD_VALUE_REQUEST	Use values from a DDIC table to provide a list of possible values. TABNAME and FIELDNAME are required fields, and when MULTIPLE_CHOICE is selected, more than one value can be returned.

F4IF_INT_TABLE_VALUE_REQUEST	F4 help that returns the values selected in an internal table. Very handy when programming your very own F4 help for a field.

Example: data: begin of t_values occurs 2, value like kna1-begru, end of t_values, t_return like ddshretval occurs 0 with header line. t_values = 'PAR'. append t_values. t_values = 'UGG'. append t_values. call function 'F4IF_INT_TABLE_VALUE_REQUEST' exporting retfield = 'BEGRU' value_org = 'S' tables value_tab = t_values return_tab = t_return exceptions parameter_error = 1 no_values_found = 2 others = 3. if sy-subrc = 0. read table t_return index 1. o_begru-low = t_return-fieldval. if o_begru-low = 'PAR'. o_begru-option = 'CP'. else. o_begru-option = 'EQ'. endif. o_begru-sign = 'I'. append o_begru to s_begru. else. o_begru = i_begru. endif.
F4IF_SHLP_EXIT_EXAMPLE	documents the different reasons to use a search help exit, and shows how it is done.

F4IP_INT_TABLE_VALUE_REQUEST	This function does not exist in 4.6 and above. Use F4IF_INT_TABLE_VALUE_REQUEST instead.

FILENAME_GET	popup to get a filename from a user, returns blank filename if user selects cancel

FORMAT_MESSAGE	Takes a message id and number, and puts it into a variable. Works better than WRITE_MESSAGE, since some messages use $ as a place holder, and WRITE_MESSAGE does not accommadate that, it only replaces the ampersands (&) in the message.

FTP_COMMAND	Execute a command on the FTP server

FTP_CONNECT	Open a connection (and log in) to an FTP server

FTP_DISCONNECT	Close the connection (and log off) the FTP server

FU CSAP_MAT_BOM_READ	You can use this function module to display simple material BOMs. You cannot display BOM groups (for example, all variants of a variant BOM). as in transaction CS03. Current restrictions: You cannot display long texts. You cannot display sub-items. You cannot display classification data of BOM items for batches. You can only display one alternative or variant. You cannot enter an alternative for module CSAP_MAT_BOM_READ, so you always see alternative 01. The following example came from a posting on the SAP-R3-L mailing list.

Example: data: begin of tstk2 occurs 0. include structure stko_api02. data: end of tstk2. data: begin of tstp2 occurs 0. include structure stpo_api02. data: end of tstp2. data: begin of tdep_data occurs 0. include structure csdep_data. data: end of tdep_data. data: begin of tdep_descr occurs 0. include structure csdep_descr. data: end of tdep_descr. data: begin of tdep_source occurs 0. include structure csdep_source. data: end of tdep_source. data: begin of tdep_order occurs 0. include structure csdep_order. data: end of tdep_order. data: begin of tdep_doc occurs 0. include structure csdep_doc. data: end of tdep_doc. data: flg_warning like capiflag-flwarning. call function 'CSAP_MAT_BOM_READ' exporting material = 'MAT100' plant = '0001' bom_usage = '1' valid_from = '20.12.1996' valid_to importing fl_warning = flg_warning tables t_stko = tstk2 t_stpo = tstp2 t_dep_data = tdep_data t_dep_descr = tdep_descr t_dep_source = tdep_source t_dep_order = tdep_order t_dep_doc = tdep_doc exceptions error = 1.
Function Group GRAP is now obsolete.	SAP recommends using functions in function group SFES instead. Below is an overview of the changes.

G_SET_GET_ALL_VALUES	Fetch values from a set.

GET_CURRENT_YEAR	Get the current fiscal year.

Example: CALL FUNCTION 'GET_CURRENT_YEAR' EXPORTING BUKRS = '1000' " Company Code DATE = SY-DATUM " Date to find fiscal year for IMPORTING CURRM = w_currm " Current Fiscal Month CURRY = w_curry " Current Fiscal Year PREVM = w_prevm " Previous Fiscal Month PREVY = w_prevy. " Previous Fiscal Year
GET_GLOBAL_SYMBOLS	Returns a list of all tables, select options, texts, etc for a program. Even includes the text definitions for the selection screen

GET_INCLUDETAB	Returns a list of all INCLUDES in a program

GET_JOB_RUNTIME_INFO	Get the current job number from a program. Also returns other useful info about the current job.

GUI_CREATE_DIRECTORY	Create a directory on the presentation server

GUI_DELETE_FILE	Replaces WS_FILE_DELETE. Delete a file on the presentation server

GUI_DOWNLOAD	Replaces WS_DOWNLOAD. Download table from the app server to presentation server

GUI_EXEC	Replaces WS_EXECUTE. Start a File or Program Asynchronously with WinExec

GUI_GET_DESKTOP_INFO	Replaces WS_QUERY. Delivers Information About the Desktop (client)

GUI_REMOVE_DIRECTORY	Delete a directory on the presentation server

GUI_RUN	Start a File or Program Asynchronously with ShellExecute

GUI_UPLOAD	Replaces WS_UPLOAD. Upoad file from presentation server to the app server

HELP_START	Display help for a field. Useful for doing AT SELECTION SCREEN ON VALUE REQUEST for those fields that do not provide F4 help at the DDIC level.

HELP_VALUES_GET_WITH_TABLE	Show a list of possible values for F4 popup help on selection screens. This function module pops up a screen that is just like all the other F4 helps, so it looks like the rest of the SAP system. Very useful for providing dropdowns on fields that do not have them predefined.

Example: tables: t001w. DATA: lc_werks LIKE t001w-werks, ltab_fields LIKE help_value OCCURS 0 with header line, BEGIN OF ltab_values OCCURS 0, feld(40) TYPE c, END OF ltab_values. - -- Set up fields to retrieve data ltab_fields-tabname = 'T001W'. ltab_fields-fieldname = 'WERKS'. ltab_fields-selectflag = 'X'. APPEND ltab_fields. ltab_fields-tabname = 'T001W'. ltab_fields-fieldname = 'NAME1'. ltab_fields-selectflag = space. APPEND ltab_fields. -- Fill values select from t001w. ltab_values-feld = t001w-werks. append ltab_values. ltab_values-feld = t001w-name1. append ltab_values. endselect. CALL FUNCTION 'HELP_VALUES_GET_WITH_TABLE' EXPORTING fieldname = 'WERKS' tabname = 'T001W' title_in_values_list = 'Select a value' IMPORTING select_value = lc_werks TABLES fields = ltab_fields valuetab = ltab_values EXCEPTIONS field_not_in_ddic = 01 more_then_one_selectfield = 02 no_selectfield = 03.
HOLIDAY_CHECK_AND_GET_INFO	Useful for determining whether or not a date is a holiday. Give the function a date, and a holiday calendar, and you can determine if the date is a holiday by checking the parameter HOLIDAY_FOUND.

Example: data: ld_date like scal-datum default sy-datum, lc_holiday_cal_id like scal-hcalid default 'CA', ltab_holiday_attributes like thol occurs 0 with header line, lc_holiday_found like scal-indicator. CALL FUNCTION 'HOLIDAY_CHECK_AND_GET_INFO' EXPORTING date = ld_date holiday_calendar_id = lc_holiday_cal_id WITH_HOLIDAY_ATTRIBUTES = 'X' IMPORTING HOLIDAY_FOUND = lc_holiday_found tables holiday_attributes = ltab_holiday_attributes EXCEPTIONS CALENDAR_BUFFER_NOT_LOADABLE = 1 DATE_AFTER_RANGE = 2 DATE_BEFORE_RANGE = 3 DATE_INVALID = 4 HOLIDAY_CALENDAR_ID_MISSING = 5 HOLIDAY_CALENDAR_NOT_FOUND = 6 OTHERS = 7. if sy-subrc = 0 and lc_holiday_found = 'X'. write: / ld_date, 'is a holiday'. else. write: / ld_date, 'is not a holiday, or there was an error calling the function'. endif.
HOLIDAY_GET	Provides a table of all the holidays based upon a Factory Calendar &/ Holiday Calendar.

HR_DISPLAY_BASIC_LIST	is an HR function, but can be used for any data. You pass it data, and column headers, and it provides a table control with the ability to manipulate the data, and send it to Word or Excel. Also see the additional documentation here.

HR_GET_LEAVE_DATA	Get all leave information (includes leave entitlement, used holidays/paid out holidays)

HR_IE_NUM_PRSI_WEEKS	Return the number of weeks between two dates.

HR_PAYROLL_PERIODS_GET	Get the payroll period for a particular date. (provided by Francois Henrotte)

Example: DATA: IT_T549Q TYPE T549Q OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE, IT_ZL TYPE PC2BF OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE. W_BEGDA = '20010101'. W_PERNR = '00000001'. CALL FUNCTION 'HR_PAYROLL_PERIODS_GET' EXPORTING get_begda = w_begda TABLES get_periods = it_t549q EXCEPTIONS no_period_found = 1 no_valid_permo = 2. CHECK sy-subrc = 0. CALL FUNCTION 'HR_TIME_RESULTS_GET' EXPORTING get_pernr = w_pernr get_pabrj = it_t549q-pabrj get_pabrp = it_t549q-pabrp TABLES get_zl = it_zl EXCEPTIONS no_period_specified = 1 wrong_cluster_version = 2 no_read_authority = 3 cluster_archived = 4 technical_error = 5. NOTE: it_zl-iftyp = 'A' absence it_zl-iftyp = 'S' at work
HR_TIME_RESULTS_GET	Get the time results for a payroll period. (provided by Francois Henrotte)

Example: DATA: IT_T549Q TYPE T549Q OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE, IT_ZL TYPE PC2BF OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE. W_BEGDA = '20010101'. W_PERNR = '00000001'. CALL FUNCTION 'HR_PAYROLL_PERIODS_GET' EXPORTING get_begda = w_begda TABLES get_periods = it_t549q EXCEPTIONS no_period_found = 1 no_valid_permo = 2. CHECK sy-subrc = 0. CALL FUNCTION 'HR_TIME_RESULTS_GET' EXPORTING get_pernr = w_pernr get_pabrj = it_t549q-pabrj get_pabrp = it_t549q-pabrp TABLES get_zl = it_zl EXCEPTIONS no_period_specified = 1 wrong_cluster_version = 2 no_read_authority = 3 cluster_archived = 4 technical_error = 5. NOTE: it_zl-iftyp = 'A' absence it_zl-iftyp = 'S' at work
INIT_TEXT	To load long text into SAP

K_WERKS_OF_BUKRS_FIND	Return a list of all plants for a given company code.

LIST_FROM_MEMORY	Retrieves the output of a report from memory when the report was executed using SUBMIT... EXPORTING LIST TO MEMORY. See also WRITE_LIST.

LIST_TO_ASCII	convert an ABAP report (displayed on screen) from OTF to ASCII format

MBEW_EXTEND	Get the stock position for the previous month. This displays the same info that you see in MM03.

MONTH_NAMES_GET	It returns all the month and names in repective language.

MONTH_PLUS_DETERMINE	Add or subtract months from a date. To subtract a month, enter a negative value for the 'months' parameter.

Example: data: new_date type d. CALL FUNCTION 'MONTH_PLUS_DETERMINE' EXPORTING months = -5 " Negative to subtract from old date, positive to add olddate = sy-datum IMPORTING NEWDATE = new_date. write: / new_date.
MS_EXCEL_OLE_STANDARD_OLE	will build a file, and automatically start Excel

OTF_CONVERT	wraps several other function modules. Will convert OTF to ASCII or PDF

POPUP_TO_CONFIRM_LOSS_OF_DATA	Create a dialog box in which you make a question whether the user wishes to perform a processing step with loss of data.

POPUP_TO_CONFIRM_STEP	Create a dialog box in which you make a question whether the user wishes to perform the step.

POPUP_TO_CONFIRM_WITH_MESSAGE	Create a dialog box in which you inform the user about a specific decision point during an action.

POPUP_TO_CONFIRM_WITH_VALUE	Create a dialog box in which you make a question whether the user wishes to perform a processing step with a particular object.

POPUP_TO_DECIDE	Provide user with several choices as radio buttons

POPUP_TO_DECIDE_WITH_MESSAGE	Create a dialog box in which you inform the user about a specific decision point via a diagnosis text.

POPUP_TO_DISPLAY_TEXT	Create a dialog box in which you display a two line message

POPUP_TO_SELECT_MONTH	Popup to choose a month

POPUP_WITH_TABLE_DISPLAY	Provide a display of a table for user to select one, with the value of the table line returned when selected.

PRICING	Return pricing conditions in an internal table. Use structure TCOMK for parameter COMM_HEAD_1, and structure TCOMP for parameter COMM_ITEM_1, and set CALCULATION_TYPE to B. The pricing conditions will be returned in XOMV. You must fill TCOMP, and TCOMK with the appropriate values before callling the function in order for it to work.

PROFILE_GET	Read an Entry in an INI File on the frontend

PROFILE_SET	Write an Entry in an INI File on the frontend

READ_TEXT	To load long text into SAP

REGISTRY_GET	Read an Entry from the Registry

REGISTRY_SET	Set an entry in the Registry

RFC_ABAP_INSTALL_AND_RUN	Runs an ABAP program that is stored in the table PROGRAM when the MODE = 'F'. Table WRITES contains the ouput of the program. Allows you to run a program without having the source code in the target system.

RH_GET_ACTIVE_WF_PLVAR	Return the active HR Plan

RH_GET_DATE_DAYNAME	return the day based on the date provied

RH_START_EXCEL_WITH_DATA	starts Excel with the contents of an internal table. This function finds Excel in the desktop registry. It also uses a local PC working directory to save the file (that's what the 'W' value for data path flag does). Very transparent to user!

RH_STRUC_GET	Returns all related org info

RHP0_POPUP_F4_SEARK	is a matchcode for any type of HR Planning object, including the possibility to fill the field that you want

Example: Examples: search for any organizational structure F4 = 'X' PLVAR = '01' OTYPE = 'O ' search for any persons F4 = 'X' PLVAR = '01' OTYPE = 'P ' MULTI_SELECT = 'X' to allow multiple selection EASY = 'X' for user-dependent matchcode Unfortunately, the use of table BASE_OBJIDS is disabled, so you can't specify a root for the hierarchy you display
RKD_WORD_WRAP	Convert a long string or phrase into several lines.

RP_CALC_DATE_IN_INTERVAL	Add/subtract years/months/days from a date

RP_LAST_DAY_OF_MONTHS	Determine last day of month

RPY_DYNPRO_READ	Read dynpro, including screen flow

RPY_TRANSACTION_READ	Given a transaction, return the program and screen or given a program and screen, return the transactions that use the program and screen.

RS_COVERPAGE_SELECTIONS	Returns an internal table that contains a formatted list of all the selection parameters entered for a report. Table is ready to print out.

RS_REFRESH_FROM_SELECTOPTIONS	Get the current contents of selection screen

RS_SEND_MAIL_FOR_SPOOLLIST	Send message from ABAP/4 program to SAPoffice.

RS_VARIANT_CONTENTS	Returns the contents of the specified variant in a table.

RSPO_DOWNLOAD_SPOOLJOB	Download the spool from a program to a file. Requires spool number.

RSPO_RETURN_ABAP_SPOOLJOB	Fetch printer spool according to the spool number informed.

RZL_READ_DIR	If the server name is left blank, it reads a directory from local presentation server, otherwise it reads the directory of the remote server

RZL_READ_DIR_LOCAL	Read a directory on the Application Server

RZL_READ_FILE	Read a file from the presentation server if no server name is given, or read file from remote server. Very useful to avoid authority checks that occur doing an OPEN DATASET. This function using a SAP C program to read the data.

RZL_SLEEP	Hang the current application from 1 to 5 seconds.

RZL_SUBMIT	Submit a remote report.

RZL_WRITE_FILE_LOCAL	Saves table to the presentation server (not PC). Does not use OPEN DATASET, so it does not suffer from authority checks!

SAP_CONVERT_TO_XLS_FORMAT	Convert data to Microsoft Excel format.

SAPGUI_PROGRESS_INDICATOR	Display a progress bar on the SAP GUI, and give the user some idea of what is happening

SAVE_TEXT	To load long text into SAP

SCROLLING_IN_TABLE	If you are coding a module pool and using a table control, you can use this function SCROLLING_IN_TABLE to handle any scrolling. (provided by Paul Kjaer)

SD_DATETIME_DIFFERENCE	Give the difference in Days and Time for 2 dates

SO_NEW_DOCUMENT_ATT_SEND_API1	Send a document as part of an email. The documentation is better than normal for this function, so please read it.

SO_SPLIT_FILE_AND_PATH	Split a fully pathed filename into a filename and a path.

SO_SPOOL_READ	Fetch printer spool according to the spool number informed. See also RSPO_RETURN_ABAP_SPOOLJOB

SO_WIND_SPOOL_LIST	Browse printer spool numbers according to user informed.

SWD_HELP_F4_ORG_OBJECTS	HR Matchcode tailored for organizational units. Includes a button so that you can browse the hierarchy too.

SX_OBJECT_CONVERT_OTF_PDF	Conversion From OTF to PDF (SAPScript conversion)

SX_OBJECT_CONVERT_OTF_PRT	Conversion From OTF to Printer Format (SAPScript conversion)

SX_OBJECT_CONVERT_OTF_RAW	Conversion From OTF to ASCII (SAPScript conversion)

SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM	you can check the user's authorization for the specified command and run the command. The command runs on the host system on which the function module is executed. The function module is RFC capable. It can therefore be run on the host system at which a user happens to be active or on another designated host system at which an R/3 server is active.

SXPG_COMMAND_CHECK	Check whether the user is authorized to execute the specified command on the target host system with the specified arguments.

SXPG_COMMAND_DEFINITION_GET	Read the definition of a single external OS command from the R/3 System's database.

SXPG_COMMAND_EXECUTE	Check a user's authorization to use a command, as in SXPG_COMMAND_CHECK. If the authorization check is successful, then execute the command on the target host system.

SXPG_COMMAND_LIST_GET	Select a list of external OS command definitions.

TERMINAL_ID_GET	Return the terminal id

TH_DELETE_USER	Logoff a user. Similar results to using SM04.

TH_ENVIRONMENT	Get the UNIX environment

TH_POPUP	Display a popup system message on a specific users screen.

TH_REMOTE_TRANSACTION	Run a transaction on a remote server. Optionally provide BDC data to be used in the transaction

TH_USER_INFO	Give information about the current user (sessions, workstation logged in from, etc)

TH_USER_LIST	Show which users are logged into an app server

TMP_GUI_DIRECTORY_LIST_FILES	Retrieve all of the files and subdirectories on the Presentation Server (PC) for a given directory.

When a value other than * or . is used for the filter, you will not get any directories, unless they match your wildcard filter. For example, if you entered *.png, then only files and directories that end in png will be returned by the function.
Example: data: lc_directory like bdschko16-target_dir value 'C:\TEMP\', lc_filter(20) type c default '.'. li_file_count type i, li_dir_count type i, ltab_dir_table like sdokpath occurs 0 with header line, ltab_file_file_table like sdokpath occurs 0 with header line.

call function 'TMP_GUI_DIRECTORY_LIST_FILES'
exporting
directory = lc_directory
filter = lc_filter importing
file_count = li_file_count
dir_count = li_dir_count
tables
file_table = ltab_file_table
dir_table = ltab_dir_table
exceptions
cntl_error = 1
others = 2. |

UNIT_CONVERSION_SIMPLE	convert weights from one UOM to another.

UPLOAD	upload a file to the presentation server (PC)

UPLOAD_FILES	Will load one or more files from app or presentation server

WEEK_GET_FIRST_DAY	For a given week (YYYYMM format), this function returns the date of the Monday of that week.

WRITE_LIST	Useful for writing out the list contents that result from the function LIST_FROM_MEMORY.

WS_DOWNLOAD	Save Internal Table as File on the Presentation Server

WS_EXCEL	Start EXCEL on the PC

WS_EXECUTE	execute a program on a windows PC

WS_FILE_DELETE	Delete File at the Frontend

WS_FILENAME_GET	Call File Selector

WS_MSG	Create a dialog box in which you display an one line message

WS_UPLOAD	Load Files from the Presentation Server to Internal ABAP Tables

WS_VOLUME_GET	Get the label from a frontend device.

WWW_LIST_TO_HTML	After running a report, call this function to convert the list output to HTML.

ABAP_DOCU_DOWNLOAD	Download ABAP documentation in HTML format.

APPL_LOG_DELETE	With this function module you delete logs in the database according to specified selection conditions

APPL_LOG_DISPLAY	With this function module you can analyze logs in the database.

APPL_LOG_DISPLAY_INTERN	With this function module you can analyze logs in local memory, e.g. when you have only collected log records at runtime and do not want to write to the database.

APPL_LOG_INIT	This function module checks whether the specified object or sub-object exists and deletes all existing associated data in local memory.

APPL_LOG_READ_DB	With this function module you read the log data in the database for an object or sub-object according to specified selection conditions.

APPL_LOG_READ_INTERN	With this function module you read all log data whose log class has at least the specified value, from local memory, for the specified object or sub-object.

APPL_LOG_SET_OBJECT	With this function module, you create a new object or sub-object for writing in local memory. With a flag you can control whether the APPL_LOG_WRITE_... messages are written in local memory or are output on the screen.

APPL_LOG_WRITE_DB	With this function module you write all data for the specified object or sub-object in local memory to the database. If the log for the object or sub-object in question is new, the log number is returned to the calling program.

APPL_LOG_WRITE_HEADER	With this function module, you write the log header data in local memory.

APPL_LOG_WRITE_LOG_PARAMETERS	With this function module, you write the name of the log parameters and the associated values for the specified object or sub-object in local memory. If this function module is called repeatedly for the same object or sub-object, the existing parameters are updated accordingly. If you do not specify an object or sub-object with the call, the most recently used is assumed.

APPL_LOG_WRITE_MESSAGE_PARAMS	With this function module you write a single message, with parameters, in local memory. Otherwise the function module works like APPL_LOG_WRITE_SINGLE_MESSAGE.

APPL_LOG_WRITE_MESSAGES	With this function module you write one or more messages, without parameters, in local memory.

APPL_LOG_WRITE_SINGLE_MESSAGE	With this function module you write a single message, without parameters, in local memory. If no header entry has yet been written for the object or sub-object, it is created. If you do not specify an object or sub-object with the call, the most recently used is assumed.

ARFC_GET_TID	will return the IP address of the terminal in hex.

BAL_CNTL_CREATE	Create Control for log display

BAL_CNTL_FREE	Release Control

BAL_CNTL_REFRESH	Put new data in log display

BAL_DB_DELETE	Delete logs from the database

BAL_DB_DEQUEUE	Unlock log

BAL_DB_ENQUEUE	Lock log

BAL_DB_LOAD	Load logs from the database

BAL_DB_LOAD	Load log(s)

BAL_DB_SAVE	Save logs in the database

BAL_DB_SAVE	Save log(s)

BAL_DB_SAVE_PREPARE	Prepare save

BAL_DB_SEARCH	Find logs in the database

BAL_DSP_LOG_DISPLAY	Display messages in memory

BAL_DSP_LOG_DISPLAY	Display Log

BAL_DSP_LOG_PARAMETERS	Either output extended long text or call a callback routine (based on the data in BAL_S_LOG-PARAMS)

BAL_DSP_LOG_TECHNICAL_DATA	Output all log header data

BAL_DSP_MSG_LONGTEXT	Display message long text

BAL_DSP_MSG_PARAMETERS	Either output extended long text or call a callback routine (based on the data in BAL_S_MSG-PARAMS)

BAL_DSP_MSG_TECHNICAL_DATA	Output technical data of a message such as work area, error number, etc.

BAL_DSP_OUTPUT_FREE	End output

BAL_DSP_OUTPUT_INIT	Initialize output

BAL_DSP_OUTPUT_SET_DATA	Set dataset to be displayed

BAL_DSP_PROFILE_DETLEVEL_GET	Message hierarchy in DETLEVEL

BAL_DSP_PROFILE_NO_TREE_GET	Display without tree (fullscreen)

BAL_DSP_PROFILE_POPUP_GET	Display without tree (popup)

BAL_DSP_PROFILE_SINGLE_LOG_GET	Standard profile (SLG1) for one log

BAL_DSP_PROFILE_STANDARD_GET	Standard profile (SLG1) for a lot of logs

BAL_GLB_AUTHORIZATION_GET	Assign authorization

BAL_GLB_AUTHORIZATION_RESET	Reset authorization

BAL_GLB_CONFIG_GET	Read configuration

BAL_GLB_CONFIG_SET	Set configuration

BAL_GLB_MEMORY_EXPORT	Put function group memory in ABAP-MEMORY

BAL_GLB_MEMORY_IMPORT	Get function group memory from ABAP-MEMORY

BAL_GLB_MEMORY_REFRESH	(Partially) reset global memory

BAL_GLB_MEMORY_REFRESH	(Partially) initialize memory

BAL_GLB_MSG_CURRENT_HANDLE_GET	Get current message handle

BAL_GLB_MSG_DEFAULTS_GET	Get message defaults

BAL_GLB_SEARCH_LOG	Find logs in memory

BAL_GLB_SEARCH_MSG	Find messages in memory

BAL_LOG_CREATE	Create log with header data

BAL_LOG_CREATE	Create log with header data

BAL_LOG_DELETE	Delete log (from database also at Save)

BAL_LOG_EXIST	Check existence of a log in memory

BAL_LOG_HDR_CHANGE	Change log header

BAL_LOG_HDR_CHECK	Check log header data for consistency

BAL_LOG_HDR_READ	Read log header and other data

BAL_LOG_MSG_ADD	Put message in log

BAL_LOG_MSG_ADD	Put message in log

BAL_LOG_MSG_CHANGE	Change message

BAL_LOG_MSG_CHANGE	Change message

BAL_LOG_MSG_CHECK	Check message data for consistency

BAL_LOG_MSG_CUMULATE	Add message cumulated

BAL_LOG_MSG_DELETE	Delete message

BAL_LOG_MSG_DELETE	Delete message

BAL_LOG_MSG_EXIST	Check existence of a message in memory

BAL_LOG_MSG_READ	Read message and other data

BAL_LOG_MSG_REPLACE	Replace last message

BAL_LOG_REFRESH	Delete log from memory

BAL_LOG_REFRESH	Delete log from memory

BAL_MSG_DISPLAY_ABAP	Output message as ABAP-MESSAGE

BAL_OBJECT_SELECT	Read Application Log objects table record

BAL_OBJECT_SUBOBJECT	Check whether object and subobject exist and the combination is allowed

BAL_SUBOBJECT_SELECT	Read subobject table record

BP_EVENT_RAISE	Trigger an event from ABAP/4 program

BP_JOBLOG_READ	Fetch job log executions

CHANGEDOCUMENT_READ_HEADERS	Get the change document header for a sales document, and put the results in an internal table.

Example: CALL FUNCTION 'CHANGEDOCUMENT_READ_HEADERS' EXPORTING objectclass = 'EINKBELEG' objectid = l_objectid username = space TABLES i_cdhdr = lt_cdhdr. LOOP AT lt_cdhdr WHERE udate IN s_aedat. CALL FUNCTION 'CHANGEDOCUMENT_READ_POSITIONS' EXPORTING changenumber = lt_cdhdr-changenr TABLES editpos = lt_editpos. LOOP AT lt_editpos WHERE fname = 'LOEKZ' AND f_new = 'L'. p_desc = text-r01. " Cancel Contract ENDLOOP. ENDLOOP.
CHANGEDOCUMENT_READ_POSITIONS	Get the details of a change document, and store them in an internal table. This will tell you whether a field was changed, deleted, or updated.

Example: CALL FUNCTION 'CHANGEDOCUMENT_READ_HEADERS' EXPORTING objectclass = 'EINKBELEG' objectid = l_objectid username = space TABLES i_cdhdr = lt_cdhdr. LOOP AT lt_cdhdr WHERE udate IN s_aedat. CALL FUNCTION 'CHANGEDOCUMENT_READ_POSITIONS' EXPORTING changenumber = lt_cdhdr-changenr TABLES editpos = lt_editpos. LOOP AT lt_editpos WHERE fname = 'LOEKZ' AND f_new = 'L'. p_desc = text-r01. " Cancel Contract ENDLOOP. ENDLOOP.
CLAF_CLASSIFICATION_OF_OBJECTS	Return all of the characteristics for a material

CLOI_PUT_SIGN_IN_FRONT	Move the negative sign from the left hand side of a number, to the right hand side of the number. Note that The result will be left justified (like all character fields), not right justifed as numbers normally are.

CLPB_EXPORT	Export a text table to the clipboard (on presentation server)

CLPB_IMPORT	Import a Text Table from the Clipboard (on presentation server)

COMMIT_TEXT	To load long text into SAP

CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_INPUT	converts any number into a string fill with zeroes, with the number at the extreme right

Example: input = 123 output = 0000000000000...000000000000123
CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT	converts any number with zeroes right into a simple integer

Example: input = 00000000000123 output = 123
CONVERT_ABAPSPOOLJOB_2_PDF	convert abap spool output to PDF

CONVERT_OTF	Convert SAP documents (SAPScript) to other types.

Example: CALL FUNCTION "CONVERT_OTF" EXPORTING FORMAT = "PDF" IMPORTING BIN_FILESIZE = FILE_LEN TABLES OTF = OTFDATA LINES = PDFDATA EXCEPTIONS ERR_MAX_LINEWIDTH = 1 ERR_FORMAT = 2 ERR_CONV_NOT_POSSIBLE = 3 OTHERS = 4.
CONVERT_OTFSPOOLJOB_2_PDF	converts a OTF spool to PDF (i.e. Sapscript document)

CONVERT_TO_FOREIGN_CURRENCY	Convert local currency to foreign currency.

CONVERT_TO_LOCAL_CURRENCY	Convert from foreign currency to local currency

DATE_CHECK_PLAUSIBILITY	Check to see if a date is in a valid format for SAP. Works well when validating dates being passed in from other systems.

DATE_COMPUTE_DAY	Returns a number indicating what day of the week the date falls on. Monday is returned as a 1, Tuesday as 2, etc.

DATE_GET_WEEK	will return the week that a date is in.

DATE_IN_FUTURE	Calculate a date N days in the future.

DAY_ATTRIBUTES_GET	Return useful information about a day. Will tell you the day of the week as a word (Tuesday), the day of the week (2 would be Tuedsay), whether the day is a holiday, and more.(provided by Francois Henrotte)

DOWNLOAD	download a file to the presentation server (PC)

DYNP_VALUES_READ	Read the values from a dynpro. This function can be used to read the values from a report's selection screen too (Another example).

DYNP_VALUES_UPDATE	Similar to DYNP_VALUES_READ, this function will allow the updating of fields on a dynpro. Very useful when you want to change a field based on the value entered for another field.

ENQUE_SLEEP	Wait a specified period of time before continuing processing.

ENQUEUE_ESFUNCTION	Lock an abap program so that it cannot be executed.

Example: Set the parameters as follows: RELID = 'ZZ' SRTF2 = 0 SRTF = (your report name)
Please note that you should not use SY-REPID to pass your report name to the function. The value of SY-REPID will change as it is being passed to the function module, and will no longer hold the value of the calling report.
EPS_GET_DIRECTORY_LISTING	return a list of filenames from a local or network drive

EPS_GET_FILE_ATTRIBUTES	Pass in a filename and a path, and will return attributes for the file

F4_DATE	displays a calendar in a popup window and allows user to choose a date, or it can be displayed read only.

F4_IF_FIELD_VALUE_REQUEST	Use values from a DDIC table to provide a list of possible values. TABNAME and FIELDNAME are required fields, and when MULTIPLE_CHOICE is selected, more than one value can be returned.

F4IF_INT_TABLE_VALUE_REQUEST	F4 help that returns the values selected in an internal table. Very handy when programming your very own F4 help for a field.

Example: data: begin of t_values occurs 2, value like kna1-begru, end of t_values, t_return like ddshretval occurs 0 with header line. t_values = 'PAR'. append t_values. t_values = 'UGG'. append t_values. call function 'F4IF_INT_TABLE_VALUE_REQUEST' exporting retfield = 'BEGRU' value_org = 'S' tables value_tab = t_values return_tab = t_return exceptions parameter_error = 1 no_values_found = 2 others = 3. if sy-subrc = 0. read table t_return index 1. o_begru-low = t_return-fieldval. if o_begru-low = 'PAR'. o_begru-option = 'CP'. else. o_begru-option = 'EQ'. endif. o_begru-sign = 'I'. append o_begru to s_begru. else. o_begru = i_begru. endif.
F4IF_SHLP_EXIT_EXAMPLE	documents the different reasons to use a search help exit, and shows how it is done.

F4IP_INT_TABLE_VALUE_REQUEST	This function does not exist in 4.6 and above. Use F4IF_INT_TABLE_VALUE_REQUEST instead.

FILENAME_GET	popup to get a filename from a user, returns blank filename if user selects cancel

FORMAT_MESSAGE	Takes a message id and number, and puts it into a variable. Works better than WRITE_MESSAGE, since some messages use $ as a place holder, and WRITE_MESSAGE does not accommadate that, it only replaces the ampersands (&) in the message.

FTP_COMMAND	Execute a command on the FTP server

FTP_CONNECT	Open a connection (and log in) to an FTP server

FTP_DISCONNECT	Close the connection (and log off) the FTP server

FU CSAP_MAT_BOM_READ	You can use this function module to display simple material BOMs. You cannot display BOM groups (for example, all variants of a variant BOM). as in transaction CS03. Current restrictions: You cannot display long texts. You cannot display sub-items. You cannot display classification data of BOM items for batches. You can only display one alternative or variant. You cannot enter an alternative for module CSAP_MAT_BOM_READ, so you always see alternative 01. The following example came from a posting on the SAP-R3-L mailing list.

Example: data: begin of tstk2 occurs 0. include structure stko_api02. data: end of tstk2. data: begin of tstp2 occurs 0. include structure stpo_api02. data: end of tstp2. data: begin of tdep_data occurs 0. include structure csdep_data. data: end of tdep_data. data: begin of tdep_descr occurs 0. include structure csdep_descr. data: end of tdep_descr. data: begin of tdep_source occurs 0. include structure csdep_source. data: end of tdep_source. data: begin of tdep_order occurs 0. include structure csdep_order. data: end of tdep_order. data: begin of tdep_doc occurs 0. include structure csdep_doc. data: end of tdep_doc. data: flg_warning like capiflag-flwarning. call function 'CSAP_MAT_BOM_READ' exporting material = 'MAT100' plant = '0001' bom_usage = '1' valid_from = '20.12.1996' valid_to importing fl_warning = flg_warning tables t_stko = tstk2 t_stpo = tstp2 t_dep_data = tdep_data t_dep_descr = tdep_descr t_dep_source = tdep_source t_dep_order = tdep_order t_dep_doc = tdep_doc exceptions error = 1.
Function Group GRAP is now obsolete.	SAP recommends using functions in function group SFES instead. Below is an overview of the changes.

G_SET_GET_ALL_VALUES	Fetch values from a set.

GET_CURRENT_YEAR	Get the current fiscal year.

Example: CALL FUNCTION 'GET_CURRENT_YEAR' EXPORTING BUKRS = '1000' " Company Code DATE = SY-DATUM " Date to find fiscal year for IMPORTING CURRM = w_currm " Current Fiscal Month CURRY = w_curry " Current Fiscal Year PREVM = w_prevm " Previous Fiscal Month PREVY = w_prevy. " Previous Fiscal Year
GET_GLOBAL_SYMBOLS	Returns a list of all tables, select options, texts, etc for a program. Even includes the text definitions for the selection screen

GET_INCLUDETAB	Returns a list of all INCLUDES in a program

GET_JOB_RUNTIME_INFO	Get the current job number from a program. Also returns other useful info about the current job.

GUI_CREATE_DIRECTORY	Create a directory on the presentation server

GUI_DELETE_FILE	Replaces WS_FILE_DELETE. Delete a file on the presentation server

GUI_DOWNLOAD	Replaces WS_DOWNLOAD. Download table from the app server to presentation server

GUI_EXEC	Replaces WS_EXECUTE. Start a File or Program Asynchronously with WinExec

GUI_GET_DESKTOP_INFO	Replaces WS_QUERY. Delivers Information About the Desktop (client)

GUI_REMOVE_DIRECTORY	Delete a directory on the presentation server

GUI_RUN	Start a File or Program Asynchronously with ShellExecute

GUI_UPLOAD	Replaces WS_UPLOAD. Upoad file from presentation server to the app server

HELP_START	Display help for a field. Useful for doing AT SELECTION SCREEN ON VALUE REQUEST for those fields that do not provide F4 help at the DDIC level.

HELP_VALUES_GET_WITH_TABLE	Show a list of possible values for F4 popup help on selection screens. This function module pops up a screen that is just like all the other F4 helps, so it looks like the rest of the SAP system. Very useful for providing dropdowns on fields that do not have them predefined.

Example: tables: t001w. DATA: lc_werks LIKE t001w-werks, ltab_fields LIKE help_value OCCURS 0 with header line, BEGIN OF ltab_values OCCURS 0, feld(40) TYPE c, END OF ltab_values. - -- Set up fields to retrieve data ltab_fields-tabname = 'T001W'. ltab_fields-fieldname = 'WERKS'. ltab_fields-selectflag = 'X'. APPEND ltab_fields. ltab_fields-tabname = 'T001W'. ltab_fields-fieldname = 'NAME1'. ltab_fields-selectflag = space. APPEND ltab_fields. -- Fill values select from t001w. ltab_values-feld = t001w-werks. append ltab_values. ltab_values-feld = t001w-name1. append ltab_values. endselect. CALL FUNCTION 'HELP_VALUES_GET_WITH_TABLE' EXPORTING fieldname = 'WERKS' tabname = 'T001W' title_in_values_list = 'Select a value' IMPORTING select_value = lc_werks TABLES fields = ltab_fields valuetab = ltab_values EXCEPTIONS field_not_in_ddic = 01 more_then_one_selectfield = 02 no_selectfield = 03.
HOLIDAY_CHECK_AND_GET_INFO	Useful for determining whether or not a date is a holiday. Give the function a date, and a holiday calendar, and you can determine if the date is a holiday by checking the parameter HOLIDAY_FOUND.

Example: data: ld_date like scal-datum default sy-datum, lc_holiday_cal_id like scal-hcalid default 'CA', ltab_holiday_attributes like thol occurs 0 with header line, lc_holiday_found like scal-indicator. CALL FUNCTION 'HOLIDAY_CHECK_AND_GET_INFO' EXPORTING date = ld_date holiday_calendar_id = lc_holiday_cal_id WITH_HOLIDAY_ATTRIBUTES = 'X' IMPORTING HOLIDAY_FOUND = lc_holiday_found tables holiday_attributes = ltab_holiday_attributes EXCEPTIONS CALENDAR_BUFFER_NOT_LOADABLE = 1 DATE_AFTER_RANGE = 2 DATE_BEFORE_RANGE = 3 DATE_INVALID = 4 HOLIDAY_CALENDAR_ID_MISSING = 5 HOLIDAY_CALENDAR_NOT_FOUND = 6 OTHERS = 7. if sy-subrc = 0 and lc_holiday_found = 'X'. write: / ld_date, 'is a holiday'. else. write: / ld_date, 'is not a holiday, or there was an error calling the function'. endif.
HOLIDAY_GET	Provides a table of all the holidays based upon a Factory Calendar &/ Holiday Calendar.

HR_DISPLAY_BASIC_LIST	is an HR function, but can be used for any data. You pass it data, and column headers, and it provides a table control with the ability to manipulate the data, and send it to Word or Excel. Also see the additional documentation here.

HR_GET_LEAVE_DATA	Get all leave information (includes leave entitlement, used holidays/paid out holidays)

HR_IE_NUM_PRSI_WEEKS	Return the number of weeks between two dates.

HR_PAYROLL_PERIODS_GET	Get the payroll period for a particular date. (provided by Francois Henrotte)

Example: DATA: IT_T549Q TYPE T549Q OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE, IT_ZL TYPE PC2BF OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE. W_BEGDA = '20010101'. W_PERNR = '00000001'. CALL FUNCTION 'HR_PAYROLL_PERIODS_GET' EXPORTING get_begda = w_begda TABLES get_periods = it_t549q EXCEPTIONS no_period_found = 1 no_valid_permo = 2. CHECK sy-subrc = 0. CALL FUNCTION 'HR_TIME_RESULTS_GET' EXPORTING get_pernr = w_pernr get_pabrj = it_t549q-pabrj get_pabrp = it_t549q-pabrp TABLES get_zl = it_zl EXCEPTIONS no_period_specified = 1 wrong_cluster_version = 2 no_read_authority = 3 cluster_archived = 4 technical_error = 5. NOTE: it_zl-iftyp = 'A' absence it_zl-iftyp = 'S' at work
HR_TIME_RESULTS_GET	Get the time results for a payroll period. (provided by Francois Henrotte)

Example: DATA: IT_T549Q TYPE T549Q OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE, IT_ZL TYPE PC2BF OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE. W_BEGDA = '20010101'. W_PERNR = '00000001'. CALL FUNCTION 'HR_PAYROLL_PERIODS_GET' EXPORTING get_begda = w_begda TABLES get_periods = it_t549q EXCEPTIONS no_period_found = 1 no_valid_permo = 2. CHECK sy-subrc = 0. CALL FUNCTION 'HR_TIME_RESULTS_GET' EXPORTING get_pernr = w_pernr get_pabrj = it_t549q-pabrj get_pabrp = it_t549q-pabrp TABLES get_zl = it_zl EXCEPTIONS no_period_specified = 1 wrong_cluster_version = 2 no_read_authority = 3 cluster_archived = 4 technical_error = 5. NOTE: it_zl-iftyp = 'A' absence it_zl-iftyp = 'S' at work
INIT_TEXT	To load long text into SAP

K_WERKS_OF_BUKRS_FIND	Return a list of all plants for a given company code.

LIST_FROM_MEMORY	Retrieves the output of a report from memory when the report was executed using SUBMIT... EXPORTING LIST TO MEMORY. See also WRITE_LIST.

LIST_TO_ASCII	convert an ABAP report (displayed on screen) from OTF to ASCII format

MBEW_EXTEND	Get the stock position for the previous month. This displays the same info that you see in MM03.

MONTH_NAMES_GET	It returns all the month and names in repective language.

MONTH_PLUS_DETERMINE	Add or subtract months from a date. To subtract a month, enter a negative value for the 'months' parameter.

Example: data: new_date type d. CALL FUNCTION 'MONTH_PLUS_DETERMINE' EXPORTING months = -5 " Negative to subtract from old date, positive to add olddate = sy-datum IMPORTING NEWDATE = new_date. write: / new_date.
MS_EXCEL_OLE_STANDARD_OLE	will build a file, and automatically start Excel

OTF_CONVERT	wraps several other function modules. Will convert OTF to ASCII or PDF

POPUP_TO_CONFIRM_LOSS_OF_DATA	Create a dialog box in which you make a question whether the user wishes to perform a processing step with loss of data.

POPUP_TO_CONFIRM_STEP	Create a dialog box in which you make a question whether the user wishes to perform the step.

POPUP_TO_CONFIRM_WITH_MESSAGE	Create a dialog box in which you inform the user about a specific decision point during an action.

POPUP_TO_CONFIRM_WITH_VALUE	Create a dialog box in which you make a question whether the user wishes to perform a processing step with a particular object.

POPUP_TO_DECIDE	Provide user with several choices as radio buttons

POPUP_TO_DECIDE_WITH_MESSAGE	Create a dialog box in which you inform the user about a specific decision point via a diagnosis text.

POPUP_TO_DISPLAY_TEXT	Create a dialog box in which you display a two line message

POPUP_TO_SELECT_MONTH	Popup to choose a month

POPUP_WITH_TABLE_DISPLAY	Provide a display of a table for user to select one, with the value of the table line returned when selected.

PRICING	Return pricing conditions in an internal table. Use structure TCOMK for parameter COMM_HEAD_1, and structure TCOMP for parameter COMM_ITEM_1, and set CALCULATION_TYPE to B. The pricing conditions will be returned in XOMV. You must fill TCOMP, and TCOMK with the appropriate values before callling the function in order for it to work.

PROFILE_GET	Read an Entry in an INI File on the frontend

PROFILE_SET	Write an Entry in an INI File on the frontend

READ_TEXT	To load long text into SAP

REGISTRY_GET	Read an Entry from the Registry

REGISTRY_SET	Set an entry in the Registry

RFC_ABAP_INSTALL_AND_RUN	Runs an ABAP program that is stored in the table PROGRAM when the MODE = 'F'. Table WRITES contains the ouput of the program. Allows you to run a program without having the source code in the target system.

RH_GET_ACTIVE_WF_PLVAR	Return the active HR Plan

RH_GET_DATE_DAYNAME	return the day based on the date provied

RH_START_EXCEL_WITH_DATA	starts Excel with the contents of an internal table. This function finds Excel in the desktop registry. It also uses a local PC working directory to save the file (that's what the 'W' value for data path flag does). Very transparent to user!

RH_STRUC_GET	Returns all related org info

RHP0_POPUP_F4_SEARK	is a matchcode for any type of HR Planning object, including the possibility to fill the field that you want

Example: Examples: search for any organizational structure F4 = 'X' PLVAR = '01' OTYPE = 'O ' search for any persons F4 = 'X' PLVAR = '01' OTYPE = 'P ' MULTI_SELECT = 'X' to allow multiple selection EASY = 'X' for user-dependent matchcode Unfortunately, the use of table BASE_OBJIDS is disabled, so you can't specify a root for the hierarchy you display
RKD_WORD_WRAP	Convert a long string or phrase into several lines.

RP_CALC_DATE_IN_INTERVAL	Add/subtract years/months/days from a date

RP_LAST_DAY_OF_MONTHS	Determine last day of month

RPY_DYNPRO_READ	Read dynpro, including screen flow

RPY_TRANSACTION_READ	Given a transaction, return the program and screen or given a program and screen, return the transactions that use the program and screen.

RS_COVERPAGE_SELECTIONS	Returns an internal table that contains a formatted list of all the selection parameters entered for a report. Table is ready to print out.

RS_REFRESH_FROM_SELECTOPTIONS	Get the current contents of selection screen

RS_SEND_MAIL_FOR_SPOOLLIST	Send message from ABAP/4 program to SAPoffice.

RS_VARIANT_CONTENTS	Returns the contents of the specified variant in a table.

RSPO_DOWNLOAD_SPOOLJOB	Download the spool from a program to a file. Requires spool number.

RSPO_RETURN_ABAP_SPOOLJOB	Fetch printer spool according to the spool number informed.

RZL_READ_DIR	If the server name is left blank, it reads a directory from local presentation server, otherwise it reads the directory of the remote server

RZL_READ_DIR_LOCAL	Read a directory on the Application Server

RZL_READ_FILE	Read a file from the presentation server if no server name is given, or read file from remote server. Very useful to avoid authority checks that occur doing an OPEN DATASET. This function using a SAP C program to read the data.

RZL_SLEEP	Hang the current application from 1 to 5 seconds.

RZL_SUBMIT	Submit a remote report.

RZL_WRITE_FILE_LOCAL	Saves table to the presentation server (not PC). Does not use OPEN DATASET, so it does not suffer from authority checks!

SAP_CONVERT_TO_XLS_FORMAT	Convert data to Microsoft Excel format.

SAPGUI_PROGRESS_INDICATOR	Display a progress bar on the SAP GUI, and give the user some idea of what is happening

SAVE_TEXT	To load long text into SAP

SCROLLING_IN_TABLE	If you are coding a module pool and using a table control, you can use this function SCROLLING_IN_TABLE to handle any scrolling. (provided by Paul Kjaer)

SD_DATETIME_DIFFERENCE	Give the difference in Days and Time for 2 dates

SO_NEW_DOCUMENT_ATT_SEND_API1	Send a document as part of an email. The documentation is better than normal for this function, so please read it.

SO_SPLIT_FILE_AND_PATH	Split a fully pathed filename into a filename and a path.

SO_SPOOL_READ	Fetch printer spool according to the spool number informed. See also RSPO_RETURN_ABAP_SPOOLJOB

SO_WIND_SPOOL_LIST	Browse printer spool numbers according to user informed.

SWD_HELP_F4_ORG_OBJECTS	HR Matchcode tailored for organizational units. Includes a button so that you can browse the hierarchy too.

SX_OBJECT_CONVERT_OTF_PDF	Conversion From OTF to PDF (SAPScript conversion)

SX_OBJECT_CONVERT_OTF_PRT	Conversion From OTF to Printer Format (SAPScript conversion)

SX_OBJECT_CONVERT_OTF_RAW	Conversion From OTF to ASCII (SAPScript conversion)

SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM	you can check the user's authorization for the specified command and run the command. The command runs on the host system on which the function module is executed. The function module is RFC capable. It can therefore be run on the host system at which a user happens to be active or on another designated host system at which an R/3 server is active.

SXPG_COMMAND_CHECK	Check whether the user is authorized to execute the specified command on the target host system with the specified arguments.

SXPG_COMMAND_DEFINITION_GET	Read the definition of a single external OS command from the R/3 System's database.

SXPG_COMMAND_EXECUTE	Check a user's authorization to use a command, as in SXPG_COMMAND_CHECK. If the authorization check is successful, then execute the command on the target host system.

SXPG_COMMAND_LIST_GET	Select a list of external OS command definitions.

TERMINAL_ID_GET	Return the terminal id

TH_DELETE_USER	Logoff a user. Similar results to using SM04.

TH_ENVIRONMENT	Get the UNIX environment

TH_POPUP	Display a popup system message on a specific users screen.

TH_REMOTE_TRANSACTION	Run a transaction on a remote server. Optionally provide BDC data to be used in the transaction

TH_USER_INFO	Give information about the current user (sessions, workstation logged in from, etc)

TH_USER_LIST	Show which users are logged into an app server

TMP_GUI_DIRECTORY_LIST_FILES	Retrieve all of the files and subdirectories on the Presentation Server (PC) for a given directory.

When a value other than * or . is used for the filter, you will not get any directories, unless they match your wildcard filter. For example, if you entered *.png, then only files and directories that end in png will be returned by the function.
Example: data: lc_directory like bdschko16-target_dir value 'C:\TEMP\', lc_filter(20) type c default '.'. li_file_count type i, li_dir_count type i, ltab_dir_table like sdokpath occurs 0 with header line, ltab_file_file_table like sdokpath occurs 0 with header line.

UNIT_CONVERSION_SIMPLE	convert weights from one UOM to another.

UPLOAD	upload a file to the presentation server (PC)

UPLOAD_FILES	Will load one or more files from app or presentation server

WEEK_GET_FIRST_DAY	For a given week (YYYYMM format), this function returns the date of the Monday of that week.

WRITE_LIST	Useful for writing out the list contents that result from the function LIST_FROM_MEMORY.

WS_DOWNLOAD	Save Internal Table as File on the Presentation Server

WS_EXCEL	Start EXCEL on the PC

WS_EXECUTE	execute a program on a windows PC

WS_FILE_DELETE	Delete File at the Frontend

WS_FILENAME_GET	Call File Selector

WS_MSG	Create a dialog box in which you display an one line message

WS_UPLOAD	Load Files from the Presentation Server to Internal ABAP Tables

WS_VOLUME_GET	Get the label from a frontend device.

WWW_LIST_TO_HTML	After running a report, call this function to convert the list output to HTML.

SAP BADI Interview Questions in ABAP

2014-03-29T10:50:00.000-07:00

SAP BADI Interview Questions in ABAP, BADI Interview Questions and Answers.

BADI in SAP is one way of implementing enhancements to the standard SAP software with out modifying the original code. SAP ABAP BADI uses object oriented program technique to implement enhancement. Here we are providing the list of interview questions on SAP BADI's.

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