ACG

air condition

2010-12-29T21:55:00.003+05:30

****AIR CONDITION****

Repairing all makes of AIR CONDITIONERS
Installation of all kind A/Cs Maintenance & Services

2010-12-29T21:53:00.002+05:30

Brand new 12000 Btu ACs Rs-50 000 Only

0779725204 Call me!

18000 BTU LG Air Condition(use)..

Rs-40 000 Only Call-0756066302

ACs

2010-12-29T21:51:00.001+05:30

window type

split type

How to Clean Air Conditioner

2010-12-29T21:50:00.000+05:30

While you may love the dipping temperature inside your home, the soaring electricity bills do bother you. Here's what you need to do to keep your AC fit and suck less power! Even if you might consider it a difficult job, room air conditioners need a swipe and wash once in a while to ensure they run without any snags. While it is not possible to clean split air conditioners at home, you can surely give your window air conditioner maintenance treat once in a while. If your window air conditioner refuses to cool, it means you it needs to be recharged, which in turn means it's time to send it to the service center. But it is always better to indulge in an occasional cleaning to save yourself from facing such a situation. Here are a few quick steps here that clearly enunciate the entire cleaning process.

Step 1: The first thing you need to do is clean the coils and filter. But before you can do that, you need to unplug the unit and remove it from the window space you've fixed it. But be careful while removing; the AC is heavy, so you might end up damaging weak bones, if any!

Step 2: Next, remove the air inlet grill and then the filter to clean it.

Step 3: Now you need to wash the filter to wipe off all dirt within; if this seems impossible to achieve, you may replace it with a disposable filter.

Step 4: You've done your washing bit, now pick a soft brush and clean the fins tucked within the coils.

Step 5: Finally, spray water through the fins from the fan side but make sure you have shielded the wiring and motor with a plastic cover to prevent them from getting damaged.

Following the above steps will make sure your AC functions without any hitches. Like they said prevention is better than cure!

Types of Air Conditioners

2010-12-29T21:49:00.001+05:30

Types of Air Conditioners

There are various types of air conditioning systems. The application of a particular type of system depends upon a number of factors like how large the area is to be cooled, the total heat generated inside the enclosed area, etc. An HVAC designer would consider all the related parameters and suggest the system most suitable for your space.

Window Air Conditioner

Window air conditioner is the most commonly used air conditioner for single rooms. In this air conditioner all the components, namely the compressor, condenser, expansion valve or coil, evaporator and cooling coil are enclosed in a single box. This unit is fitted in a slot made in the wall of the room, or often a window sill.
Must Read: Parts of Window Air Conditioners

Split Air Conditioner

The split air conditioner comprises of two parts: the outdoor unit and the indoor unit. The outdoor unit, fitted outside the room, houses components like the compressor, condenser and expansion valve. The indoor unit comprises the evaporator or cooling coil and the cooling fan. For this unit you don’t have to make any slot in the wall of the room. Further, the present day split units have aesthetic looks and add to the beauty of the room. The split air conditioner can be used to cool one or two rooms.
Must read:
1) Parts of Split Air Conditioners
2) Installation of Split Air Conditioners

Packaged Air Conditioner

Packaged air conditioner: An HVAC designer will suggest this type of air conditioner if you want to cool more than two rooms or a larger space at your home or office. There are two possible arrangements with the package unit. In the first one, all the components, namely the compressor, condenser (which can be air cooled or water cooled), expansion valve and evaporator are housed in a single box. The cooled air is thrown by the high capacity blower, and it flows through the ducts laid through various rooms. In the second arrangement, the compressor and condenser are housed in one casing. The compressed gas passes through individual units, comprised of the expansion valve and cooling coil, located in various rooms.
Must read:
1) Packaged Air Conditioners - Types of Packaged AC
2) Compressors and Capacity Control System in the Packaged Air Conditioners

Central Air Conditioning System

4) Central air conditioning system: The central air conditioning system is used for cooling big buildings, houses, offices, entire hotels, gyms, movie theaters, factories etc. If the whole building is to be air conditioned, HVAC engineers find that putting individual units in each of the rooms is very expensive initially as well in the long run. The central air conditioning system is comprised of a huge compressor that has the capacity to produce hundreds of tons of air conditioning. Cooling big halls, malls, huge spaces, galleries etc is usually only feasible with central conditioning units.
Must Read:
1) Central Air Conditioning Plants
2) Direct Expansion or DX Type of Central Air Conditioning Plant
3) Chilled Water Type of Central Air Conditioning Plant

Types of Air Conditioners

Split Air Conditioner System

2010-12-29T21:49:00.000+05:30

Do you have a single room but no place to make a slot for the window air conditioner? No problem, there is an excellent option in the form of a split air conditioner. The split air conditioner can be installed in rooms and offices where you don’t want to disturb the setup of the room and avoid demolitions in your favorite space. The split air conditioner takes up a very small space of your room, looks aesthetically cool and makes very little noise, ensuring sound sleep for you when you return from your day’s hard work.
There are two main parts of the split air conditioner. These are:

1) Outdoor unit: This unit houses important components of the air conditioner like the compressor, condenser coil and also the expansion coil or capillary tubing. This unit is installed outside the room or office space which is to be cooled. The compressor is the maximum noise making part of the air conditioner, and since in the split air conditioner, it is located outside the room, the major source of noise is eliminated. In the outdoor unit there is a fan that blows air over the condenser thus cooling the compressed Freon gas in it. This gas passes through the expansion coil and gets converted into low pressure, low temperature partial gas and partial liquid Freon fluid.
2) Indoor unit: It is the indoor unit that produces the cooling effect inside the room or the office. This is a beautiful looking tall unit usually white in color, though these days a number of stylish models of the indoor unit are being launched. The indoor unit houses the evaporator coil or the cooling coil, a long blower and the filter. After passing from the expansion coil, the chilled Freon fluid enters the cooling coil. The blower sucks the hot, humid and filtered air from the room and it blows it over the cooling coil. As the air passes over cooling coil its temperature reduces drastically and also loses the excess moisture. The cool and dry air enters the room and maintains comfortable conditions of around 25-27 degree Celsius as per the requirements.

The temperature inside the space can be maintained by thermostat setting. The setting should be such that comfortable conditions are maintained inside the room, and there is also chance for the compressor to trip at regular intervals. If the compressor keeps running continuously without break, its life will reduce.
These days multi-split air conditioners are also being used commonly. In units for one outdoor unit there are two indoor units which can be placed in two different rooms or at two different locations inside a large room.
Since there is long distance between the indoor and the outdoor unit, there is always loss of some cooling effect; hence for the same tonnage, split air conditioners produce somewhat less cooling effect than window air conditioners. However, with modern insulation material this gap has been reducing between the two. In any case, there are number of instances where there is just no alternative to the split air conditioners.

Window Air Conditioning System

2010-12-29T21:48:00.000+05:30

Window air conditioners are one of the most popular types of air conditioners being used. Whether it’s your study room, bedroom, or hall, the window air conditioner can be used for almost all types of spaces.

To fit the window air conditioner in your room, you need to make a slot in one of the walls of the room that is to be cooled. This system extends around two feet beyond the wall in the back side; hence behind the wall some free space should be available so that the hot air can be thrown easily from the condenser. The dew collected from the room is also thrown from the back of the air conditioner. Thus window air conditioners can be used only if there is place available in the wall to make the slot, and there is free space behind the wall for dissipating the heat and dripping water.

Window air conditioners are comprised of components like the compressor, condenser, expansion valve or expansion coil, and the evaporator or the cooling coil, all housed in a single box. There is also a motor which has shafts on both sides. On one side of the shaft the blower is connected, which sucks hot air from the room and blows it over the cooling coil, thus cooling it and sending it to the room. On the other shaft the fan is connected, which blows the air over Freon gas passing through the condenser.

The window air conditioner is the cheapest of all air conditioning systems. If your room or office size is about less than 100 sq. ft. a window air conditioner of about 0.8 ton can be good enough. If the size of room is more than this but less than 200 sq. ft. your HVAC designer will recommend a window air conditioner of about 1 ton. For rooms of bigger sizes but less than 300 sq. ft. the system of about 1.5 ton is advisable. However, these sizes may change depending upon the number of people occupying the space, its alignment with respect to sun, and other sources of heat generation inside the room. It is better to consult your HVAC designer to find out the exact size of window air conditioner suitable for your space.

One of the complaints that window air conditioners have had is that they tend to make noise inside the room. But this problem has been greatly overcome by the present day efficient and less noisy rotary compressors, which also consume less electricity. Today a number of fancy and elegant looking models of window air conditioners are available that enhance the beauty of your rooms.

Read more: http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/mechanical/articles/898.aspx#ixzz19W3f72lQ

Packaged Air Conditioners

2010-12-29T21:44:00.001+05:30

Packaged Air Conditioners

The window and split air conditioners are usually used for the small air conditioning capacities up to 5 tons. The central air conditioning systems are used for where the cooling loads extend beyond 20 tons. The packaged air conditioners are used for the cooling capacities in between these two extremes. The packaged air conditioners are available in the fixed rated capacities of 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 tons. These units are used commonly in places like restaurants, telephone exchanges, homes, small halls, etc.
As the name implies, in the packaged air conditioners all the important components of the air conditioners are enclosed in a single casing like window AC. Thus the compressor, cooling coil, air handling unit and the air filter are all housed in a single casing and assembled at the factory location.
Depending on the type of the cooling system used in these systems, the packaged air conditioners are divided into two types: ones with water cooled condenser and the ones with air cooled condensers. Both these systems have been described below:

Packaged Air Conditioners with Water Cooled Condenser

In these packaged air conditions the condenser is cooled by the water. The condenser is of shell and tube type, with refrigerant flowing along the tube side and the cooling water flowing along the shell side. The water has to be supplied continuously in these systems to maintain functioning of the air conditioning system.
The shell and tube type of condenser is compact in shape and it is enclosed in a single casing along with the compressor, expansion valve, and the air handling unit including the cooling coil or the evaporator. This whole packaged air conditioning unit externally looks like a box with the control panel located externally.
In the packaged units with the water cooled condenser, the compressor is located at the bottom along with the condenser (refer the figure below). Above these components the evaporator or the cooling coil is located. The air handling unit comprising of the centrifugal blower and the air filter is located above the cooling coil. The centrifugal blower has the capacity to handle large volume of air required for cooling a number of rooms. From the top of the package air conditioners the duct comes out that extends to the various rooms that are to be cooled.
All the components of this package AC are assembled at the factory site. The gas charging is also done at the factory thus one does not have to perform the complicated operations of the laying the piping, evacuation, gas charging, and leak testing at the site. The unit can be transported very easily to the site and is installed easily on the plane surface. Since all the components are assembled at the factory, the high quality of the packaged unit is ensured.

Package AC with Water Cooled Condenser

Packaged Air Conditioners with Air Cooled Condensers

In this packaged air conditioners the condenser of the refrigeration system is cooled by the atmospheric air. There is an outdoor unit that comprises of the important components like the compressor, condenser and in some cases the expansion valve (refer the figure below). The outdoor unit can be kept on the terrace or any other open place where the free flow of the atmospheric air is available. The fan located inside this unit sucks the outside air and blows it over the condenser coil cooling it in the process. The condenser coil is made up of several turns of the copper tubing and it is finned externally. The packaged ACs with the air cooled condensers are used more commonly than the ones with water cooled condensers since air is freely available it is difficult maintain continuous flow of the water.
The cooling unit comprising of the expansion valve, evaporator, the air handling blower and the filter are located on the floor or hanged to the ceiling. The ducts coming from the cooling unit are connected to the various rooms that are to be cooled.

Package Air Conditioner Air Cooled Condenser

Reference

1) Book: Basic Refrigeration and Air Conditioning by P. N. Ananthanarayanan, Second Edition, Tata Mc-Graw-Hill Publishing Company Limited

Central Air Conditioning Plants

2010-12-29T21:44:00.000+05:30

The central air conditioning plants or the systems are used when large buildings, hotels, theaters, airports, shopping malls etc are to be air conditioned completely. The window and split air conditioners are used for single rooms or small office spaces. If the whole building is to be cooled it is not economically viable to put window or split air conditioner in each and every room. Further, these small units cannot satisfactorily cool the large halls, auditoriums, receptions areas etc.

In the central air conditioning systems there is a plant room where large compressor, condenser, thermostatic expansion valve and the evaporator are kept in the large plant room. They perform all the functions as usual similar to a typical refrigeration system. However, all these parts are larger in size and have higher capacities. The compressor is of open reciprocating type with multiple cylinders and is cooled by the water just like the automobile engine. The compressor and the condenser are of shell and tube type. While in the small air conditioning system capillary is used as the expansion valve, in the central air conditioning systems thermostatic expansion valve is used.
The chilled is passed via the ducts to all the rooms, halls and other spaces that are to be air conditioned. Thus in all the rooms there is only the duct passing the chilled air and there are no individual cooling coils, and other parts of the refrigeration system in the rooms. What is we get in each room is the completely silent and highly effective air conditions system in the room. Further, the amount of chilled air that is needed in the room can be controlled by the openings depending on the total heat load inside the room.
The central air conditioning systems are highly sophisticated applications of the air conditioning systems and many a times they tend to be complicated. It is due to this reason that there are very few companies in the world that specialize in these systems. In the modern era of computerization a number of additional electronic utilities have been added to the central conditioning systems.

There are two types of central air conditioning plants or systems:

1) Direct expansion or DX central air conditioning plant: In this system the huge compressor, and the condenser are housed in the plant room, while the expansion valve and the evaporator or the cooling coil and the air handling unit are housed in separate room. The cooling coil is fixed in the air handling unit, which also has large blower housed in it. The blower sucks the hot return air from the room via ducts and blows it over the cooling coil. The cooled air is then supplied through various ducts and into the spaces which are to be cooled. This type of system is useful for small buildings.

2) Chilled water central air conditioning plant: This type of system is more useful for large buildings comprising of a number of floors. It has the plant room where all the important units like the compressor, condenser, throttling valve and the evaporator are housed. The evaporator is a shell and tube. On the tube side the Freon fluid passes at extremely low temperature, while on the shell side the brine solution is passed. After passing through the evaporator, the brine solution gets chilled and is pumped to the various air handling units installed at different floors of the building. The air handling units comprise the cooling coil through which the chilled brine flows, and the blower. The blower sucks hot return air from the room via ducts and blows it over the cooling coil. The cool air is then supplied to the space to be cooled through the ducts. The brine solution which has absorbed the room heat comes back to the evaporator, gets chilled and is again pumped back to the air handling unit.

To operate and maintain central air conditioning systems you need to have good operators, technicians and engineers. Proper preventative and breakdown maintenance of these plants is vital.

Read more: http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/mechanical/articles/906.aspx#ixzz19W3DIM44

Air condition Diagram

2010-12-29T21:43:00.000+05:30

Air Condition Condensor

2010-12-29T21:42:00.000+05:30

Air condition compressor

2010-12-29T21:40:00.000+05:30

A/C Compressors

If the entire air conditioning system is looked at as a body, the compressor is best described as its heart. Its basic function is to pump refrigerant--the system's blood, here known primarily as Freon -- throughout its closed loop of pipes and tubes. However, the compressor provides added functions, including compression of the vapor refrigerant. This process raises the temperature of the vapor to above the outside ambient temperature, thereby letting the cooler outside air be forced through the system's condenser coils by the compressor. This heat exchange process leads to the refrigerant changing state from a vapor to a liquid, eventually making it so the now unheated air can be pumped back into the room, maintaining the air at the desired temperature.

Types Of A/C Compressors

Compressors come in many different types, but the two common to air conditioning units are the centrifugal compressor and the scroll compressor. Scroll compressing technology has been in use for a long time. In this setup, the compressor uses a pair of interleaved scrolls to compress, pressurize or pump liquids and gases. This design also boasts a superior capacity to handle liquids, enabling small amounts of dirt and liquid to pass through without damaging the compressor, while at the same time increasing reliability by eliminating stress on the motor. Scroll compressors are considered very efficient and used in examples such as Lennox's HS-22, which includes a double-row condenser coil. Centrifugal compressors are considered best suited to continuous-duty applications, such as cooling units, ventilation fans and air movers because they give a high airflow at an efficient level but can't achieve a high compression ratio, meaning they can't handle large variations in pressure. Centrifugal force drives the compression of the refrigerant, rendering these compressors ideal for larger refrigerant volumes and low-pressure differentials.

Replacing Or Repairing An A/C Compressor

Compressors are covered by a governing body called the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, or ASME. Ideally, compressors and their components are certified by the ASME and, in fact, it's illegal in some states to sell compressors or related parts that are not ASME-certified. Home improvement and plumbing supply stores will likely sell both industrial grade and residential-use compressor parts. Filters, hoses and separators are considered the most often purchased parts and are widely available. According to one site, the U.S. Census Bureau estimates between 2.5 million and 3 million residential furnaces or air conditioners fail annually. Work on an A/C compressor is recommended to be done by a professional service technician because of the intricacies of the device. The technician will test the compressor to make sure it needs replacing, identifying the correct model and capacity. The unit will then be shut down from the power source, and the refrigerant will be thoroughly drained from the unit and disposed of in an environmentally friendly fashion. The refrigerant lines will then be cut, and the old compressor will be completely removed. The new compressor will be put in place and soldered onto the existing refrigerant lines. Air will then be vacuumed out of the system completely before new refrigerant is added at the proper charge (including temperature, pressure and volume).

Who Makes Replacement A/C Compressors?

A thoroughly nonexhaustive list of companies making A/C compressors:

American Products Inc.
Atlas Copco
Compressed Air Systems
Curtis-Toledo Inc.
Hanover Co.
Nebraska Neumatics
Norwalk Compressor Co.
Thomas Products
Titus Co.

Scroll Compressor : Air Conditioner

2010-12-29T21:39:00.000+05:30

Scroll Compressor : Air Conditioner

Operation Range

Please click on a horizontal stick of the product on figure which wants to watch.

Scroll Compressor EU Series(DC Inverter Controlled Compressor)

Feature

Small torque fluctuation, low vibration and quiet operation.
High efficiency due to high-precision process.
Wide rotation speed range.

Dimensions

mm(in)
MODEL	A	B
EU1011,EU1114	307(12.09)	233(9.17)
EU1013	311(12.24)	233(9.17)

PDF format,eu-scroll.pdf,224KBytes

Specifications of Scroll Compressor EU Series(DC Inverter Controlled Compressor)

Please check the product specification of the Hitachi compressor here.

Specifications

page top

Scroll Compressor for HFC410A

Feature

Small torque fluctuation, low vibration and quiet operation.
High efficiency due to Asymmetric Scroll Profile & Sub-bearing Structure.
Internal oil circulation structure.
High Reliability.

Dimensions

MODEL	FIGURE No.
E505DH,E605DH E655DH	(1)
E855DH	(2)
E1000GH,E1500GH	(3)

Specifications of Scroll Compressor for HFC410A

Please check the product specification of the Hitachi compressor here.

Specifications

page top

DC Inverter Compressor for HFC410A

Feature

Small torque fluctuation, low vibration and quiet operation.
High efficiency due to Asymmetric Scroll Profile & Sub-bearing Structure.
Internal oil circulation structure.
High Reliability.
Wide rotation speed range.

Dimensions

Specifications of DC Inverter Compressor for HFC410A

Please check the product specification of the Hitachi compressor here.

Specifications

page top

Scroll Compressor for HRC407C

Feature

Small torque fluctuation, low vibration and quiet operation.
High efficiency due to high-precision process.
High Reliability.

Dimensions

mm
MODEL	Power Source	S	K	FIGURE No.
G350DH,G400DH,G500DH G403DH,G503DH	3Φ	Φ15.88	73	(1)
G350DH,G400DH,G500DH G403DH,G503DH	1Φ	Φ15.88	81	(1)
G600DH,G603DH	3Φ	-	-	(2)
G750EL,G1000EL,G1200EL	-	-	-	(3)
G750EH,G1000EH,G1200EH	-	-	-	(4)

Specifications of Scroll Compressor for HRC407C

Please check the product specification of the Hitachi compressor here.

Specifications

page top

AC Inverter Compressor for HFC407C

Feature

Small torque fluctuation, low vibration and quiet operation.
High efficiency due to high-precision process.
Wide rotation speed range.
High Reliability.

Dimensions

mm
MODEL	B	C	E	S	FIGURE No.
G230AHV,G253AHV	409	304	305	5/8Flr	(1)
G303DHV	461	410	341	3/4Flr	(1)
G403DHV	-	-	-	-	(2)

Specifications of AC Inverter Compressor for HFC407C

Please check the product specification of the Hitachi compressor here.

Specifications

page top

DC Inverter Compressor for HFC407C

Feature

Small torque fluctuation, low vibration and quiet operation.
High efficiency due to high-precision process.
Wide rotation speed range.
High Reliability.

Dimensions

mm
MODEL	B	C	E	S	FIGURE No.
G234AHD,G254AHD	409	304	305	5/8Flr	(1)
G304DHD	461	410	341	3/4Flr	(1)
G404DHD	-	-	-	-	(2)

air conditioner btu calculator

2010-12-29T21:38:00.000+05:30

http://www.eyair.com/BTU%27s%20CALCULATOR.htm

Psychrometry for Air Conditioning

2010-12-29T21:37:00.001+05:30

Psychrometry for Air Conditioning

Psychrometry is the study of air and water vapour mixtures.

Air is made up of five main gases i.e.

Nitrogen 78.03%, Oxygen 20.99%, Argon 0.94%, Carbon Dioxide 0.03%, and Hydrogen 0.01% by volume.

The Ideal Gas Laws are used to determine psychrometric data for air so that the engineer can carry out calculations.

To make life easier a chart has been compiled with all the relevant psychrometric data indicated.

This is called the Psychrometric Chart.

A typical chart is shown below.

Air at any state point can be plotted on the psychrometric chart.

The information that can be obtained from a Psychrometric Chart is as follows:

Dry bulb temperature

Wet bulb temperature

Moisture content

Percentage saturation

Specific enthalpy

Specific volume.

The following is a brief description of each of the properties of air.
1. Dry bulb temperature This is the air temperature measured by a mercury-in-glass thermometer. 2. Wet bulb temperature

This is the air temperature measured by a mercury-in-glass thermometer which has the mercury bulb wetted by gauze that is kept moist by a reservoir of water.

When exposed to the environment the moisture evaporates from the wetted gauze, which gives a lower reading on the thermometer.

This gives an indication of how ‘dry’ or how ‘moist’ the air is, since in ‘dry’ air the water will evaporate quickly from the gauze, which depresses the thermometer reading.

3. Moisture content

This is the amount of moisture in air given in kg of moisture per kg of dry air e.g. for room air at 21^oC dry bulb and 15^oC wet bulb, the moisture content is about 0.008 kg/kg d.a.

This is a small mass of moisture ( 0.008 kg = 8 grams) per kg of dry air or 9.5 grams per cubic metre of air.

4. Percentage saturation

The Percentage saturation is another indication of the amount of moisture in air.

This is the ratio of the moisture content of moist air to the moisture content of saturated air at the same temperature.

When air is saturated it is at 100% saturation and cannot hold any more moisture.

5. Specific enthalpy

This is the amount of heat energy (kJ) in air per kg.

If heat is added to the air at a heater battery for example, then the amount to be added can be determined from Specific enthalpy change.

6. Specific volume

This is the volume of moist air (dry air + water vapour) per unit mass.

The units of measurement are m³ per kg.

Also specific volume = 1 / density.

2010-12-29T21:37:00.000+05:30

A/C ENERGY SOURCES - Air Conditioning System Type by Energy Source

Air conditioning systems use these common energy sources to physically cool the condensing coils and thus the refrigerant

Air-cooled air conditioner systems: refers to the use of air to cool the compressor and the condenser coil used to return the refrigerant gas to a liquid state.

These split systems usually have an inside evaporator cooling coil installed to work along with the blower and duct system which might also be sitting atop a heating furnace. The outside half of the equipment contains the compressor and condenser coil.

Carson Dunlop's schematic shows how refrigerant moving through the system as a gas or liquid moves heat from inside the building (at the evaporator coil in an air handler) to outside the building (at the condenser unit's condensing coil).

The schematic of an air-cooled air conditioning system shown at left is compliments of Carson Dunlop

Water cooled air conditioning systems: these work in a manner similar to the system listed above, but use water as a chiller to remove heat from the high temperature gas in the (usually but not always outside) compressor/condenser unit.

The schematic of a water cooled air conditioning system shown at left is compliments of Carson Dunlop

As with the air-cooled air conditioning system above, this schematic describes an air conditioner that uses refrigerant and coils to move heat from indoors to outside. But instead of moving heat from the condensing coil into air blown across the coil outdoors, we're moving heat into water circulated around a condensing coil.

Evaporative coolers, also called "swamp coolers" rely on the evaporation of water to cool building air, rather than the movement of a refrigerant through cooling coils.

Cooling towers, swamp coolers, and even a simple window fan blowing air across a pan of water and into a room are types of evaporative cooling systems.

Swamp coolers systems may use less energy than a refrigerant-gas and compressor type air conditioner but they'll only work where the ambient humidity is low enough to make it easy to evaporate water, such as in Arizona and other areas of the Southwest and Mexico.
We discuss evaporative coolers in more detail at EVAPORATIVE COOLING SYSTEMS.

Gas Chiller Air Conditioning Systems: these systems operate by the same principles as the above units, but they use heat to cause the refrigerant gas to change states rather than compression and expansion by a compressor motor. (Some refrigerators, including ones used in recreational vehicles also operate on this principle, as they can cool without requiring electricity to operate a compressor. Ammonia was the traditional gas used for this type of system.)

Photographs of Types of Air Conditioning Systems

Photos of Typical Residential Central Air Conditioning System

The most common central residential air conditioning system incorporates an indoor air handler unit or AHU which draws building air through return ducts from the living space, cools it by moving the air across an evaporator coil, and sends cooled and dehumidified air back into the living area through supply ducts and registers.
Liquid refrigerant is released into the interior of the evaporator coil, changing its state from liquid to gas and thereby cooling the evaporator coil (which in turn cools and dehumidifies air which is blown across the coil).
Refrigerant used to cool the evaporator coil runs in independent piping, usually copper, from the evaporator coil outside to a compressor and condenser unit where the refrigerant is repressurized, cooled, and returned back inside to the evaporator coil as a liquid. The photos (above) show a basement AHU, an outdoor compressor/condenser, and flex-duct in an attic.

In the above-left photo, the basement AHU has been retrofitted with an air conditioning unit which by simple inspection is probably improperly designed and mismatched to the size and air flow character of the original air handler - notice how the A/C plenum is much larger than the blower compartment.
In the above-right photo the compressor unit looks OK on casual inspection but there seems to be no pad, the unit is slightly tipped, and while we can't see the refrigerant lines, that taut electrical wire makes me wonder if there is a lack of extra slack (a loop) in the refrigerant lines to permit movement - a refrigerant leak and system failure may be coming soon.
In the third photo above, this particular flex duct product, one previously produced by Owens Corning(R) is defective and disintegrates on exposure to hot areas. [Owens Corning flex duct failure photo courtesy of Mark Cramer Tampa FL]

Photos of the Attic Air Handler Unit for Central Air Conditioning

Attic air conditioning equipment for residential air conditioning systems includes an air handler unit such as the one shown in this photo, combined with an outside compressor/condenser such as the one shown earlier above.
Attic-mounted central air equipment may have different defects and problems than a similar unit located in a lower building floor or basement.
The residential central air conditioning equipment components are the same in an attic unit as a typical basement unit except that they are arranged horizontally rather than vertically.

Photos of Independent Systems or Ductless Air Conditioning or Heat Pumps

Ductless air conditioning systems do not make use of an air handler connected to duct work to distribute conditioned air the for central cooling and/or heating. These include ductless systems mounted on roofs or in attics and wall-mounted units (shown here) which may typically an indoor fan and evaporator coil to produce cooled and dehumidified air, but which route refrigerant to an outside compressor/condenser unit.

Photos of Wall convector units for heating and air conditioning

Wall convectors are often used for both heating and cooling in commercial installations and high-rise apartment buildings. The unit shown has its own compressor mounted right in the cabinet, visible at lower center in the photo.

Wall-mounted heating and cooling convector installations may be designed with one central heater or cooling system which feeds multiple units with chilled or heated water or possibly refrigerant from a single remote heating and cooling heat pump.

Another common residential alternative dispenses with duct work entirely, using a wall-mounted indoor evaporator/blower unit and a separate outside compressor/condenser. In this latter split design, one compressor/condenser may serve multiple wall-mount indoor units.

Photos of Commercial rooftop-mounted combined air conditioning or heat pump units

Rooftop mounted central air conditioning systems may include both the cooling unit (evaporator coil, blower fan, filters) and the compressor/condenser unit in one package.

Rooftop mounted central cooling systems may be smaller packaged systems which blow their cool air down directly into the cooled space through an opening in the roof, drawing return air from a nearby location, or the rooftop cooling system may be connected to duct work which in turn blows down into multiple building areas to deliver cool air, drawing return air from one or more centralized returns. In many commercial installations, the entire area over a suspended ceiling may serve as one giant return plenum through which pass the supply ducts, delivering air to individual supply registers.
While the list above describes the common components of a typical residential air conditioning system, other configurations and packaged units are also in increased use in both residential and commercial installations. Alternative designs may combine all components except for the duct work in a rooftop mounted unit such as the one shown above where it was mounted on a flat roof over offices at a commercial building.

Photos of Window or Wall-Mounted or Portable Room Air Conditioners

The window-mounted air conditioner in these photographs is a small 8,000 BTUh unit but it was installed in a strategic location at the top of a second floor stair. It is able to cool the entire second floor of this home (one large, very well-insulated room) and additional cool air flows down the stairwell to also deliver cool and dehumidified air to the lower floor of this home. The photo of the exterior of this unit shows that there has been some damage to the cooling fins of the condensing coil on the back of the unit, but not enough to warrant action.

Photos of a Home Made Central Air Conditioning System

Do-It-Yourself Home made air conditioning systems can produce some systems that seem to cool the building but at high cost and with building damage, such as this goofy example may actually work but not without problems. This system used a window air conditioner placed in a home's attic.
Manhole ventilation duct (liberated from New York City) was used along with a home made hood attached to the air conditioner to blow cool air into the home through a ceiling register. The air conditioning condensate was collected in the blue plastic kiddie pool seen in the photo, and drained by gravity to a plumbing vent stack.
Nothing about the system was proper, safe, nor very effective, and in addition, the attic moisture conditions were terrible as you can see from the blackened plywood roof sheathing. The system was admirable for its creativity however.

Other home made cooling systems such as evaporative coolers using a simple pan of water in front of a window fan can be effective and inexpensive in hot dry climates such as the southwestern United States

other

2010-12-25T21:28:00.001+05:30

How -it-Work

tools

contactor

service valve

2010-12-25T14:49:00.000+05:30

comments=

2010-12-25T14:48:00.000+05:30

nmagayan@yahoo.com
0756066302
0779725204