Hukuki Bilgi ve Hukuki Yardım

Concealment and PROHIBITED

2010-11-18T12:39:00.000-08:00

Concealment and PROHIBITED

Introduction

Konumuz, veils, often presented religious veil and forbidden to express.
Religion and veil ban together for the first time with the idea of the Enlightenment was the subject of discussion. Enlightenment theocratic society / law / disappearance of government plans, a new conception of the universe and man in the universe.
Enlightenment, rational people perceive the universe and the universe, is a data included in the community can take to be accepted on the coordination and the source of law is that the human will. This is the formation of human thought, human work.
Occasionally, remains somewhere with some of the aristocracy, they thought the idea of absolute human right as human beings, ie equality before the law for all in public life, the creation of a common, social inequalities in the fact that the common denominator will not be moved can.

1. Equality

The only common feature is that the human person.
Man, the highest value.
Language, religion, race, sex, color, thoughts, views, etc.. Man is, that human identity is not a common feature, for, one or neither of them do not, people are still human.
So, society, people outside view, frankly, veil, dress, kılmamalıdır people different from the man and his image, human beings and should not be instrumental in the human face of discrimination. This, after the enlightenment among the people, religious, racial, class, not everyone's cup of tea, a common form of clothing led to the birth, age, trade union that is not obscene and ridiculous variety, the diversity has brought fashion. Today, the fashion, maintains a business arm of the glorification of human consumption, and developed textile business arm, is an active area.
So, the Enlightenment, religious, racial, class, regional-to-wear "clothing Relationship" is the beginning of the transition. In fact, as a consequence of the principle of equality, such as "religious people" to adapt to people with religious kisvelerini, non-religious people, that is, farmers, city dwellers, to lead to increasingly fashionable end on, as opposed to the " local-to-wear clothing for all in a joint civilian-was.
Of course, the secular / secular society, law, state regulations, the civilized clothing, public düzenindendir.
Today, fashion is the essence of civilized clothing. Fashion, dress clothes today, beauty, charm and communities of people from all subjects under the influence of the field of human activity. At least fashion, science and art. Science and Art restrict obscenity.

2. Ideologies clothing or covering

Ideology as a propaganda tool used clothing or for their own thoughts. In fact, for example., The Italian legal system, although the basic principle of equality between man and man, the fascists, to leave other people, you choose "Black T-Shirt" and the community have become with the clothes felt. The Nazis' swastika cross, "and integrating it with the veil and are renowned for the welcome. Marxism-Leninism and Maoism bourgeois culture by women and men in society to a kind of veil, a veil düşünmüşlerdir to create the culture of the proletariat get rid of.
Khomeini, the leader of the Islamic Revolution in Iran during the revolution, "Islamic clothing" or veil as a weapon to destroy the layout of the Shah of Persia, the success of the revolution with the religious clothing in public will have the official veil that match as a crime non-compliance with the rule .

3. Conflict of Civilizations, Alliance of Civilizations

In fact, the human and international public order based on equality of nations, "the clash of civilizations" with the idea is at the stage of destruction. In fact, the world, and opponents of the Islamic world in the form ayrıştırılmaya studied to keep the "Islamic world" by his colleagues, the people and communities in the form of separation to separate them, first by the location of the Bible shows in the hands of tradition and carry the people have fled. Slogan, especially a secular society / law / government regulations "cover is beautiful itself," the woman tried, the differentiation of individuals, civil societies in addition to the agenda of the religious veil was a fundamental human right.
Mind in the face of the idea of a clash of civilizations "idea of the Alliance of Civilizations" was on, and share rather than a civil-religious clothing was removed as a striker to the principle of equality, "Civilization örtünmededir with the slogan" Religion or concealment were asked to crawl into the nature of man by the clothes. This idea is commonplace today. In particular, the secular society / law / state regulations, the woman going through a person with the information society / law / state regulations, the next religious veil covering civil court required to make them.
Today the country is under the influence of this movement.

4. The liberal-democratic civil legal problem Layouts

To acceptable and discussed before a conclusion should be to determine what is the problem. Once the problem, religious, something else is the political, the solution is not a law. Hukukîdir When it comes to the question, the solution must have hukukîdir and the solution is now holiday in the law.
express Veil, dress, dress for each person, the person about themselves. Clothing, beauty, charm, no matter what way the person is itself a form of expression.
So, dress or veil, not with the freedom of thought, thought, belief and opinion with freedom of expression concerns. This dressing, or covering, as a public, religious and not political, is entirely legal to have a problem.
Legal problems remain within the law to be resolved.
The law, when we encountered the problem to see that freedom of expression is a manifestation of the veil or dress, veil or clothing if the problem can be limited.

5. Legal System

Legal, human equality, not to discriminate on the principle. Equality, ban discrimination, the Constitution, 2, command of the provisions of Article 10 Form the raw material of human will, is the source of law, the law requires equality of the human person or a person to person.
Equity, human, citizen, common denominator. Public order, founded on equality, common denominator. There is no exception. Equality, freedom of expression on the one hand, on the other hand requires that the freedom of religion and conscience.
Both thought and expression, human rights, fundamental right.
The Constitution, the Constitution, two freedoms of articles of the Convention for the content of fundamental rights and freedoms., Thought, belief, and freedom of expression, freedom of thought and religious expression has shown the possibilities and limitations.
So, the solution of the problem, nor politics, nor contrary to the claim that religion must be sought. Theocracy in the phrase, yearning, vain, confused minds is not desired, the solution space, control of law itself, namely the Convention. and the Constitution.

6. European Convention on Human Rights

Both the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, or ECHR. The formation of human, human being simply the manifestation of the social work of all kinds of counts. This thinking, social organization of the same shape is formed, quality "flowed" is.
Equality, equality of the mutual will. Common intention of the law. A partner in the face of the will, language, religion, race, color, sex, etc.. Are all equal, without distinction. Act, the government, the government, elected or appointed, if not to matter, to be impartial, not to discriminate against a person who never (AİHS. m. 14). This requires, government officials, primarily in terms of costume clothes, costume kıyafette be civilized. The civilized dress, in light of the principle of equality, which all together is, the religious, racial, class, or even non-ideological character costume are kıyafettir. This means that, in civil dress, costume kıyafettir non-religious.
However, some national costume dress religious dress should not be confused. Today, some of the national dress, for example., Costumes of the Indians, it is common for nations and individuals, that is, civilized kıyafettir costume.
ECHR., As a necessary corollary of the principle of equality, 9, 10, the power of the middle, which may vary from person to person started, has accepted thought, religion and belief and freedom. Thought, religion and philosophy itself, is absolutely limited, not by hand to assign any name of the state. In short, thought and religious belief, as long as the person himself can not, the possible limitation.
However, thought, religion, opinion and suggested that disclosure, ie, when an expression, thought, religion and belief, freedom of expression may be subject to the ban. In fact, some defense lawyers say philosophers to the contrary, with the ECHR., Thought, religion and the absolute freedom of speech is not unlimited, of mandatory public order kıldığında, the nature of protection is the application limited in order to adopt and implement the Act (Article 9 of 2, 02.10).
From this context, veils, the person cleans itself, namely the idea of belief or opinion that expose that expression. But the veil, cleans, at least heavenly religions, a religion, a religion, it is open as the sacred books organized, as if uyulsun Martial, to be veil, dress rules uyulmadıklarında, it is not a religion, the rules are not allowed to go from one member of this religion. These are only kill the people who switch to rape, theft, adultery, inheritance, testimony, worship, religious ceremonies, etc.. How the system of religious rules, the essence of the holy religion for him is that the compliance his religion, to believe that religion prevents the mere belief olmamaktadırlar rules. So, the veil of religious rules, only the conscience, belief and conviction not the rules, ie, thought, belief and opinion olmamaktadırlar itself.
This means that the rules of the religious veil, whether you worship or transactions sayılsınlar If the religious custom and tradition of the rule involved to free speech and public policy with limited forced kıldığında. Indeed, the ECHR. And requires public life, will be assessed, agreed that freedom of expression when registering to set sınırlandırılabileceğini (m 9 / 2, 2.10). Republic of Turkey, the European Human Rights Convention is an honorable part of the contract, has committed to comply with (m 1). So, on dressing religious veil, breaking the public order, if the State has a right to prohibit.
Religious disguise "servant servant", not "man-man" must equal the result of the principle of covering the opposite of civilized. The convention of "equality before the law" and "prohibition of discrimination" against the principles of human equality of persons, in contrast to the clash of civilizations or alliance of civilizations "thesis, but coverage can be achieved with the civilized. Religion for the public policy, that is the same for everyone, the common denominator of people who are in violation of the community.
So, you will be asked to guarantee public order, the only common denominator veil for civilian clothes. Civil limit for obscenity. No one, under the guise of civilian cover, would be contrary to the general rules of decency and morality of society, research and hurt the feelings of a testicle is not entitled to cover. Civilized societies, decent and covers aesthetics, decoration size fashion.
This means that the veil, dressing up, depending on the condition that disrupt public order, people's own personal preferences. Man as long as public order bozmadığı, concealment and grooms are in their personal preferences have the right.

7. Anayaslarımız

The Constitution, secularism, equality and justice as a result different from individuals as a result of religion and freedom of conscience, the essence of 1924, Constitution of 1961 in accordance with the provisions of Article 24 organized force. Article 24 of the Constitution of the Convention of 9 is consistent with the provisions of the article.
Articles 1 and 2 paragraphs, since the Enlightenment, also show differences in expression did not change the idea of the current era of civilized nations, without exception, all nasiplenen layouts include law. Provides the material for human use, the form of a source of legal uncertainty provisions of the Act, already 4 There is no need for the provision of clause. But the Constitution, in absolute clarity, 5, 14, 24 / 4, the power of the agent, not the state could be the source of divine powers and the social, economic, political and legal model "Religion dayandırılamayacağını rules" expressed.
24 of the Constitution Article 3 The provisions of paragraph civilized societies since the Enlightenment has become a principle of religion and freedom of conscience in the form of crystallized are not, we think the Convention of 9 is contrary to article. Konumuz However, it is not.
24 of the Constitution, the provision of Article 1 paragraph each, conscience, belief and conviction, "he says, that it has the right to liberty. Includes freedom of conscience and freedom, not with a religious faith. For the freedom of religious faith, believe in a religion is a religion to become a member. Freedom of expression has, the person the right to a subjective opinion.
Freedom of conscience, freedom of religious belief and the conviction is absolute, no name and no time limit. This field is the area off limits to the state. Non-compliance is not or is not possible to be a religion, be it religion, the religion makes no rules, rules of religious faith. Orders of this kind of religion is absolute. Prevented the person to comply with these rules. That prevent the person, religion is out, the qualifications of the two constitutional articles which the state has no right to make such an order.
24 of the Constitution Article 2 The provision of clause of conscience, freedom of religious belief and expression, the disclosure of thought, belief and opinion, instead of thinking itself regulates the expression of faith and belief. Expression of freedom of religious belief is concerned, this "worship" is. Free to worship with the condition not contrary to public policy. This means that the right to worship with the manifestation of religious belief is absolute, limiting the public order. The law that "made in breach of Article 14 that the worship, religious rites and ceremonies free" in the mold.
So, according to public order and public order that is otherwise not an arbitrary set in particular with regard to the religious freedom of the Constitution 14 public order by the provisions of Article of public policy. But to make the immediate symptoms, 14 The definition of substance, not just to worship, freedom of religious rituals and ceremonies, but also in the limit of manifestations of freedom of conscience and opinion.
Constitution Article 4, paragraph 24 of the force, although it is not necessary, never "does not take iltibasa for" the state of social, economic, political and legal order of the basic design of the whole or in part to ground religion, religious, or religion, or political power to obtain the rules for the purpose of personal use, are banned. This means that technically the term "transactions" prohibited, no one ordered the individual area of religion in the public sector as a way to translate the political or the personal use of power. Of course, no one, not a name of equality, the prohibition of discrimination in violation of the principles of religious people not property. Whose that on the contrary, "the inhabitants of Turkey," Ninety-eight percent of the land claims of the Islamic religion, but that was accepted as Tamiminden Amasya, 1921, 1924, 1961 and 1982 constitutions of the holy religion of the people, then no quality person.
In the face of this building, whether it is a divine order or an Orpheus solidarity, religious veil, such as marriage, inheritance, criminal, judicial, etc.. Provisions, worship, religious ceremonies and rites of the Constitution, the provisions of 24 are from the provisions of Article 1, paragraph excluded. In fact, at least heavenly religions, religious, the veil, it is not a conditio sine qua non for a religion, the religion, not a religion or the religion out of it the result of the doğurmamaktadır örtünmeme. This means that the veil is a certain order rules of the religion, the Constitution, "religious beliefs" are not the rule. Of course, this is the case, ordered the veil of religious rules, it could ban a topic that may be possible denominator for all in the middle in the establishment of public policy, regulation, restriction and prohibition.
So to see that the Constitution, 24 / 1 from the provision of material excluded religious veil, as a way to express themselves in what the nitelendirirse nitelendirsin which, frankly, whether you worship or religious custom and tradition says to "transactions" reject, in the end it is a manifestation of freedom of expression, public order and çatıştığında is yasaklanabilmektedir sınırlandırılabilmekte or complete. In fact, the State, the Constitution, 2, 5, 10, 14, 24 / 2, 4 agents in the face, for processing, task and has the power. Held on the origin of human willpower (Ay. m 2, 10) of the State, in the face of regulatory obligations and rights of individuals, religious dress is not to claim a divine right order, that is because of religious clothing, the Court düzenimizde absolute thought, faith and opinion and not necessarily contrary to public policy kıldığında sınırlandırılabilen of thought, belief and expression, freedom of revelation, that is, in freedom of expression. Freedom of speech is not absolute, is limited. The Constitution 26 Article 24 / 2,4. has shown the limits of freedom of expression in parallel with the deployment. Limit freedom of expression of public policy.
So, people, read the case of their own, individual and social life, the Constitution, 2, 5, 10, 14, 24 / 2, 4, 26 unless the public policy contrary to the overall limits set in accordance with articles than an opportunity to express themselves without religion has the right to veil. Legal system, contacts and a total of individual and social life of their own with the civilized özendirmekle veil, a veil made no prohibition relating to people, especially women. In the country, under which women, veiling, and dressing in addition to a modern, civilized, concealment and grooms dominated by traditional civil.
But the others who make their own, individual general out of social life which are directly or indirectly, jointly, all in public life, if, for example., Medicine, nursing, midwifery, teacher, lawyer, judge, offices, etc. When the public as a profession, or, for example., educational, political, legal activities, etc.. is to obey refuge in the claim to the dictates of religion, religious attempts to veil its behavior, a breach of public order by the Turkish legal system does.
This is the case, whether it be public officials, whether free, for example. no doctors, teachers, midwives, nurses, lawyers, etc.., not students, politicians, association, etc.. he believes religion has commanded this task can not örtünerek, the public can not work. Of course, used in this context, the general concept of all, "ordinary citizens" in a public event, for example. the official ceremony, the invitation, protocol, etc.. if the procedures in the event or activity, all the rules of the civil claim, so the costume is not in religious activities, religious or necessarily want to be participate in a dress, then It is not in the public impact. As a condition of public policy, the person is another option.
Legal rules, sometimes, the person forced the public to participate in an event. In such cases, the civilized clothing, public düzenindendir. The person, as a public event, religious, class, regional, and so can not join an outfit. Today in many countries, our country, primary education is compulsory for all (Any. m. 42). Students are kıyafette civilized, rational source of order in the sine qua non of education. This means that in civilian clothing in schools, public düzenindendir.
Except for the compulsory basic education, to use education-learning, take the right, left to the will of free people. Of course, the benefits of that right, 3 will become a March 1340 date set by Law No. 430 of Tedrisat Tevhidi settled by taking the revolution is the result of a secular education compulsory insurance must meet the requirements of civilized for the latest. No one, for its own presented, language, religion, color, sex, etc.. If that all together, without distinction have the right to disturb the public order.

8. AIH court decisions

Our country as part of the Convention, the jurisdiction of the Court adopted erkini.
Court., Many decisions, has decided not to ban the religious veil AİHS'ne. The verdict of conscience, freedom of religious belief and the conviction is absolute, whereas many of the decision, that free speech is to accept limited.
The Court's decision on the religious veil in order binding upon the parties, to impose the state and the authority, the rule of the state and its organs in the task of connection. These decisions about the people, "Bireli" but in terms of state and government bodies 'rule' decisions. In this sense, the rule of leaders and authorities authorized to make public in order to bring the ineffective civil, religious or civil side headscarves in public ownership, you can further editing. Otherwise, make an act of the State has to comply with the ECHR first 18 Provision of material breach, and 17 in relation to the matter "to destroy the freedom of liberty," is the chance to see.
This is the state, the general law of the States "Ahden loyalty" means violation of the principle. Süjesi States wants a state law to protect the international reputation, Ahden to violate, the principle of fidelity.

9. Conclusion

Given the current national and international regulations, covering, more specifically ban a specific type of coverage, nor politicians, nor theologians.
The secular, democratic society / state law does not regulate religion, düzenlenendir. Therefore, the veil and the prohibition law.
a kind of religious and political efforts, "a person, not over his head, his head in the solution should be consulted" to justify veil can be much düzenimizin taken seriously in the face of the requirements of the law is not a thought.
"Alliance of Civilizations" or "clash of civilizations" thinking, frankly, "the alliance of the religious framework, or" thoughts, the human will is the source of all kinds eccrine secular society / law / state regulations, the civilized side religious veil or veil , the only legitimize the efforts of the religious, in fact, marriage equality as a result of forced veiling reflex weakens, the type of slide 2 to the Constitution in a democratic, secular and social rule of law in the "Turuva horse kalkışmaktır.
Secular society / law / government systems for civil and public düzenindendir dressing. So, conscience, religion and belief in freedom, not freedom to express themselves is a form of religious expression within the veil can be thought to be the subject of the ban.
Of course we do not have a specific prohibition, people, the case to the general personal social life, civil society, the rule applies also when will the veil, the veil has the right. Standards of the legal order, of course, possible that the penalty of the law. In fact, right düzenimizde through the veil, the woman who absolutely in the absence of a prohibition, not a weakness, but a level of civilization.
Turkish legal system, the "civilized veil" is an absolute public policy, no one, "God told them to sleep," he is a "fundamental right of religious veil" that it has not relied on it.

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2010-11-08T12:03:00.000-08:00

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2010-11-07T13:01:00.000-08:00

Criminal Law - Criminal law, also termed as Penal law, encompasses the rules and statutes written by Congress and state legislators dealing with any criminal activity that causes harm to the general public, with penalties. It also covers criminal procedure connected with charging, trying, sentencing and imprisoning defendants convicted of crimes. It regulates how suspects are investigated, charged and tried. Criminal law also includes decisions by appellate courts that define and interpret criminal law and regulate criminal procedure, in the absence of clear legislated rules. In order to be found guilty of violating a criminal law, the prosecution must show that the defendant intended to act as he/she did. In other words, there had to be intention (Mens rea). Criminal law is typically enforced by the government. The state, through a prosecutor, initiates the suit. Criminal law encompasses Substantive Criminal law; Criminal Procedure; and the special problems in administration and enforcement of criminal justice.

Substantive Criminal law defines the crimes committed against the state and may establish punishment. It defines how the facts in the case will be handled, the classification of the crimes (such as, whether the crime is a felony or a misdemeanor), as well as how the crime should be charged. In essence, it deals with the “substance” of the matter. Criminal statutes determine which courts will hear what cases and who will prosecute those cases.

Criminal Procedure describes the methods through which the criminal laws are enforced. For example: when the accused can be searched; when evidence can be seized; and when eyewitnesses can be investigated. Criminal Procedure deals with a defendant's individual, constitution rights - including the right to remain silent, the right to a speedy, public trial by a jury, the right to a competent attorney, and the defendant's right to confront his or her accuser.

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Includes the body of statutes and other laws that defines conduct which is prohibited by the government because it is held to threaten, harm or otherwise endanger the safety and welfare of the public, and that sets out the punishment to be imposed on those who breach these laws.
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Cep Telefonum Çalındı-Cep Telefonu Hırsızlığı-Cep Telefonu Çalınması İçin Dilekçe

2010-11-02T12:04:00.000-07:00

Merhaba,

Cep telefonunuz çalınması durumunda nasıl bir yol izleyeceğinize ilişkin bu yazımızla yeniden karşınızdayız.Cep telefonunuzun kaybolması durumunda, sitemiz içerisinde bulunan savcılığa suç duyurusu dilekçesi ile birlikte varsa telefonuza ait fatura vb evraklarıda eklemek suretiyle cep telefonu hırsızlığının soruşturulması amacıyla Cumhuriyet Başsavcılığına müraacaatta bulunabilirsiniz.
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Saygılar

Vasi Dava Dilekçesi-Vasi Tayin Dilekçe Örneği

2010-10-31T12:56:00.001-07:00

Merhaba, şimdide Vasi Tayin Davasında kullanılmak üzere örnek dilekçe:

..............SULH HUKUK MAHKEMESİ SAYIN HAKİMLİĞİNE

VASİ TAYİNİ İSTEYEN : İSİM SOYİSİM TC: ..............................
.................................................. ........................................

DAVALI : Hasımsız
KONU : ...... vasi tayini isteminden ibarettir.
AÇIKLAMALAR : kardeşim/oğlum/kızım vb. isim soyisim, ......Hastanesince özürlü sağlık kurulu raporu ile özürlü olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
2) ...........'ın sakat olaması nedeni ile zaruri ihtiyaclarını tek başına gidermesi mümkün olmadığından iş bu davanın açılması zorunlu hale gelmiştir.
HUKUKİ SEBEBLER : M.K ilgili hükümleri , sair mevzuat
İSPAT NEDENLERİ : .........Hastanesi Özürlü Sağlık Kurulu Raporu ve tanık beyanları
NETİCE ve TALEP : Yukarıda kısaca izah ettiğimiz nedenlerle sağlık kurulu raporu ile özürlü olduğu tespit edilen .... adına tasarrufları yapabilmesi için vasi olarak tayin edilmemi saygı ile arz ve talep ederim.
EKİ : Raporu ve Kimlik fotokopisi

. .. /10/ 2010
DAVACI

YOKLAMA KAÇAĞI VE BAKAYA NEDİR? NE İŞLEMLER YAPILIR?

2010-10-31T08:51:00.002-07:00

YOKLAMA KAÇAĞI VE BAKAYA NEDİR? NE İŞLEMLER YAPILIR?

a. Yoklama kaçağı

Yedek subay olma hakkını veren en az dört yıl süreli fakülte, akademi ve yüksek okulları bitirenlerden, birlikte işleme tabî oldukları doğumların son yoklama bitim tarihi olan 31 EKİM tarihine kadar yurt içinde askerlik şubelerine veya yurt dışında T.C. Konsolosluklarına başvurarak sağlık muayenelerini yaptırmayanlar yoklama kaçağı suçunu işlemiş olurlar.

b. Yoklama kaçağı suçunu işleyenlerden;

(1) 01 KASIM-20 ŞUBAT tarihleri arasında askerlik kararı aldıranlar, tebligat durumlarına göre idarî para cezası ile cezalandırılırlar.

(2) 21 ŞUBAT tarihinden sonra karar aldıranlar ise, yine tebligat durumlarına göre yazılı ifadeleri alınarak cumhuriyet savcılığına verilirler.

(3) Bunların sevk tarihlerine kadar mahkemesi sonuçlanmasa dahi, emsali grupları ile birlikte sevke tâbi oldukları celp döneminde sevkleri yapılır.

(4) Sevklerinden önce mahkemesi sonuçlananlardan; haklarında KOVUŞTURMAYA YER OLMADIĞI veya BERAAT kararı verilenler, bir yıldan az hapis cezası alanlar ile hapis cezası süresi ne olursa olsun bu cezaları paraya çevrilenler, emsalleri ile sevk edilirler.

(5) Askerî mahkemelerce bir yıldan fazla hapis cezası verilenler yedek subay olma hakkını kaybederler.

c. 1632 sayılı Askerî Ceza Kanununun 63 üncü maddesinde; kabul edilecek bir özrü olmadan işleme bağlı arkadaşlarının ilk kafilesi yollanmış bulunan yoklama kaçaklarının hapis cezası ile cezalandırılmaları öngörülmüştür.

ç. Bakaya

Grup numarası itibarıyla veya sevk tehiri süresi sona erdiğinden sevke tâbi olanlardan, kanunî bir mazereti olmaksızın çağrıldıkları celpte sevke katılmayanlara bakaya denir.

d. Bakaya suçunu işleyenlerin;

(1) Sevkten sonra yazılı ifadeleri alınarak mazeretleri tespit edilir, suç dosyaları yerli askerlik şubesi tarafından, bölgesindeki yetkili askerî savcılığa gönderilir.

(2) Bakaya kalan yedek subay aday adayları, ifadeleri alınsın veya alınmasın soruşturma veya yargılamaları başlasın ya da başlamasın, bakaya kaldıkları celp dönemini takip eden ilk celpte tekrar sevke tâbi tutulurlar.

(3) Suç dosyası cumhuriyet savcılığa gönderilenlerden, savcılıkça yargılanmasına gerek görülmeyerek “Kovuşturmaya Yer Olmadığı” veya yapılan yargılama sonucunda “Beraat” kararı verilenler, herhangi bir hak kaybına uğramazlar.

e. 1632 sayılı Askerî Ceza Kanununun 63 üncü maddesinde; yine bakayalarında yoklama kaçakları gibi hapis cezası ile cezalandırılmaları öngörülmüştür.

kaynak:asal.msb.gov.tr

KİMLER YEDEK SUBAY ADAY ADAYI OLUR ?

2010-10-31T08:51:00.001-07:00

a. Yurt içinde dört yıl veya daha fazla süreli fakülte, akademi, yüksek okul ve enstitüleri bitirenler,

b. Yurt dışında yüksek öğrenim kurumlarını bitiren ve bu öğrenimlerinin en az dört yıllık yüksek öğrenime eşdeğer olduğuna dair lisans denkliği YÖK. Başkanlığınca onananlar,

c. Yapılacak sağlık muayenesinde �Sağlam veya Askerliğe Elverişlidir.� kararı verilenler,

ç. Türk Silahlı Kuvvetlerinde subaylıktan çıkarılmayı gerektirecek şekilde bir mahkûmiyeti olmayanların, yedek subay aday adayı olarak askerlik kararları alınır.

d. Erbaş veya er olarak askerlik görevini yapmakta iken, yukarıda a ve b fıkralarında bahsedilen okulları bitirenler istekleri halinde, geçici terhis edilerek yedek subay aday adayı statüsüne geçirilirler.

Veraset-Mirasçılık Belgesi Dilekçesi

2010-10-31T08:45:00.000-07:00

SULH HUKUK MAHKEMESİ HAKİMLİĞİNE
..................
Davacı : (Vefat edenin babası,annesi, eşi veya kardeşi açabilir) Adres
Davalı : Hasımsız
Dava : Veraset-Mirasçılık Belgesinin Verilmesi
Olaylar :

..........ili, ..........ilçesi, ............hane, .............cilt, ................sayfa nüfusuna kayıtlı (oğlum, eşim, kardeşim) ..................................... .../.../2010 tarihinde vefat etmiştir. Geride kanuni mirasçı olarak ................... (babası, annesi, eşi veya çocukları) ..................... bırakmıştır.

Veraset ilamının düzenlenip, tarafımıza verilmesi için işbu davanın açılması zarureti doğmuştur.

Hukuki sebepler : M.K. ve ilgili mevzuat
Deliller : Nüfus kayıtları
Talep :Belirttiğim nedenlerden dolayı bir suret veraset ilamının düzenlenip tarafıma verilmesini saygıyla arz ederim.
.../.../..
Davacı
(Baba, eş, anne, kardeş)

Are You Witness?

2010-10-30T03:33:00.001-07:00

You are Witness?

The term witness stands for those who are known to have information on an incident but are not party to a litigation.

Bearing witness is compulsory ?

Yes, it is. The witness by law required to come to court upon request , testify on what he/she knows and take the oath to tell the truth. In exceptional circumstances thos who are enumerated in the law are entitled to restrain from bearing witness. This matter shall be explained below.

What if I were summoned on a matter I have no information about.

In that case, you need to explain yourself to the court that you have no information about the case and take an oath if you required.

What if I dont appear in the court

In such case you might be forced to appear in the court by the police and required by the court to pay the expences made due to the delay you caused and you might even be sanctioned to the disciplinary incarceration.

What if I m really not in a position to appear in the court

You must explain yourself to the court in written immidiately. In the notification you have served there must be file and docket number of the case. You need to right a petition to the court summoned you. But, remember not all kind of excuses are acceptable. Such excuses as ' Im busy' or 'I have a rendes-vous' would not be welcomed as sensible excuses.

I m very busy, could I go to court registry beforehand and have my statements taken?

No, Witnesses must be heard by the court, you are not allowed by law to have your statements written in the registry in a day before the date set by the court.

I shall appear in the court what I need to do ?

There must be the name of the court and the time and day you are summoned in the invitation you served. I would suffice you to be there in that time. When the moment of your testimony cames the bailif would cry your name. Do not get in the court room before you have been called.

Why am I not allowed to watch the hearing?

Witness is expected to be impartial and to tell the truth, in case you watch the hearing you might possible be effected or distracted by what you have heard therefore you need to wait ourside untill your turn comes. Witnesses are heard seperately but could be bring together compare the conflicting statements where necessary.

What am I required to do in the course of the hearing?

Remember taking your ID with you. When you are called in the courtroom your identification would be asked and recorded thereafter you are to be asked whether you know the parties to the case and whether you have any involvement whatsoever to the case. Answer these questions correctly. Remember the false testimony is a crime. If you know the parties or you any involvement to the case or any benefit therefrom whatsoever please explain it to the court beforehand.

What I need to say?

Tell everything you know in a clear and concise way. Please tell before hand if tell those you believe are true but you did not witnessed. For instance if you are a witnesse in a divorse case and you are asked “ Was Ahmet beating his wife” do not reply as “ yes he was beating his wife” reply instead as “ I was told by his neighbours that he was beating his wife”

What if I lie?

Perjury and false statement are crimes. In case the court believe that you were lying it would inform the prosecution office. You might well be sentenced to a time in prison and this would be registered you your criminal record. In case where the perjury revealed after the court adjourned and the verdict was rendered the court would retry the case. Beside the prison you might facea compansation claim.

Can I give my statement in written?

No, you need to appear in the court and reply the questions of the judge verbally. But in such technical questions or those about the digits you might ask permission to do so.

I stayed back of my business schedule and spent money for transportation

You are entitled by law to get paid for the time you spent this to be decided by the court and you are as well have right to be paid for your travel expenses.

Can I go to notary instead of the court?

No. Testimony before the notary can not be replaced the testimony before the court.

kaynak:hukukiyardim.gov.tr

Are You Accused?

2010-10-30T03:30:00.000-07:00

Who is the accused? Who is the suspect?

The suspect is the person being investigated due to the crime suspicion by Prosecution Office or law enforcement offices (police, gendarmerie) functioning under the auspices of the Prosecution Office. If a criminal case is brought against this person, he/she is named as an accused.

I have been informed thet I am a suspect of a crime. I have been called to police station or Prosecution Office? What should I do?

First of all, stay calm. Bear in mind that you are living in a state governed by the rule of law and human rights are protected by constitutional safeguards. After you inform your family and relatives, go to the relevant police station or Prosecution Office. It is for your interest to go there with your lawyer to enjoy legal councel.

I am testifying, What will happen?

Remember that you might be at the begining of the process as a result of which you can face a serious situation and you can be deprived of your freedom if your statement is being taken as a suspect. People and even public officers around you may tell you that “it is not important”, “nothing can happen” or “the prosecutor can release you now” in order to appease you. Bear in mind that these expressions are wishes of courtesy. The things you states and do in the process in which you are can lead to irreversable results. The exercise of the rights to which you are given are under constitutional guarantee. Do not hesitate to exercise your rights.

What is the meaning of taking into custody?

It means detention of the person under crime suspicion by a public prosecutor or law enforcement offices (police, gendarmerie) functioning under the auspices of the Prosecution Office upon the order of the public prosecutor for interrogation. If the person taken into detention is not released, he/she shall be brought before the judge within 24 hours from the date on which apprehension warrant is issued. Duration necessary to send the apprehended person to the closest judge or court is not included in this duration. Due to the difficulty in collecting evidence and the number of the suspects in collectively committed crimes, the prosecutor can issue written order to extend the duration of detention to 3 days.

Do I have to testify

No. You are entitled to exercise your right to remain silent. However you are obliged to give true answers to the questions regarding your identity. Otherwise you can face criminal sanctions and measures.

What if I lie?

It is in your intrest to express the truths as they are. However nobody can force you to do so. False testimony is a crime but false testimony of the accused is not prescribed as a crime. However given that criminal justice is based on discreation of the judges and it is left to the judges to apply mitigated reasons, you should bear in mind that you can have troubles in this sense if it is understood that you have lied.

Can I change my testimony?

As you have the right to remain silent, you have the right to change what you have testified before. However you should bear in mind that repeated change of testimony can be interpreted by prosecutors or judges as a sign to lie and to manipulate the facts.

Would I get lesser punishment if I explain the facts in a different way?

Somebody can recommend you to explain the facts in a different way. Sometimes it happens that there are those sentenced to heavier punishment than it requires, since they follow these recommendations to explain the facts in a different way. For instance, an accused charged with using drugs can be sentenced to more severe punishment after being classified as a drug dealer, since he/she explains the facts in a different way to clear her/himself. For this reason, if you are not able to judge the legal process and its outcomes, this sort of attitudes can give rise to negative results rather than positive ones.

Is it a requisite to hire a lawyer?

Criminal proceedings may result in something as a result of which you may be kept in prison and deprived of your freedom. It is of your high interest to have a lawyer. If you are a suspect charged with a crime whose minimum sanction is more than 5 years in prison, it is a must for you to have a lawyer. If you are not in a positon to select a lawyer, state shall assign a lawyer for you. If you are under the age of 18 or you are dump or deaf and you have no lawyer, state shall assign a lawyer for you irrespective of the crime attributabed to you.

When shall I hire a lawyer?

There is a misconception that it is not necessary to have a lawyer at law enforcement and prosecution office level. For this reason, it is observed that lawyer is hired only when there is an arrest decision. The earlier the lawyer is involved in the process, the better the rights of the suspect are protected. It is not true attitude to wait until you are taken in prison in order to understand the importance of the situation.

What is arrest?

A person against whom there is strong suspicion can be deprived of his/her freedom if there is a strong crime suspicion indicating that there is an attemp to escape or to destroy, hide or change evidence, or to exert pressure on witness, victim or other in order to keep the sound functioning of criminal proceedings as a measure. Arrest is not punishmet but measure. Arrested person shall be released from the moment when conditions for arrest no longer exist. The fact that a person is on trial as an arrested accused does not necessarly mean that he will be punished at the end of the trials. Likewise, the fact that a person is arrested does not necesarrily mean that he will not be punished.

I stand trial not being remanded in custody, meaning Im not to be sentenced

This perception is completely wrong. The number of those sentenced and sent to the prisons is quite high, though they are not remanded at the beginnig. The fact that you have not been remanded does not necessarily mean that you will not be sentenced to improsenment. Even if you are not arrested, you shall appear in trials and fulfil the requriments specified by the courts as early as possible.

What does relase mean?

In principle, proceedings are held without remanding the accused in the custody. However custody is decided where the above exceptional situations exist and there is a must for this purpose. The news in the media that persons are released in progress of judicial process are presented in a way capable of giving the impression that they have been acquitted. This is a mistake. Even if a person is not remanded, he/she is still an accused and under the threat of sanction. If he/she is found guilty, he/she shall be sentenced.

Prosecutor released me, m I acquitted now?

Prosecutor does not consider every single case as a case requiring arrest. Even though some cases are serious, reasons for arrest as specified in the law do not exist. The fact that the prosecutor does not refer you to courrt for arrest does not mean closure of the case. Unless there is a non-prosecution decision given about you, your status as a suspect continues. It is possible that you can be sentenced after being tried as an accused.

What is the meaning of non-prosecution decision?

Prosecutors are not obliged to initiate a case after every investigation. He/she measure the facts with his/her legal knowledge. He/she considers whether or not there is a crime, if yes, whether or not there is sufficient evidence to identify the suspect and a case shall be opened. Non-prosecution decision shows that the prosecutor does decide not to bring a case. It is possible to appeal this decision. Victim or those suffered from the offence can apply to closest Aggravated Penal Court to abolish the decision of the prosecutor to open a case against the person concerned. The decision given by the Aggravated Penal Court upon appeal is final. It is not possible to challenge this decision.

The case is opened, What happens now?

You will be tried as an accused if a case has been opened against you. The indictment prepared by the prosecutor contain the crime attributed to you and evidence indicating that you have committed the crime. You can present every facts refuting the evedence presented. You can request to bring the documents which public authorities hold. You can identify witnesses and request for their testimony. You can present the court questions to be asked to those who testify against you. Your testimony about progress of the facts is one of the important tool before the court. Since criminal justice is based on judicial discreation, your oral defence is important. However you can present the court your arguments and evidence in written as well. Your appearance before the court is very important. If you have a lawyer and it is difficult for you to attend every trial, you can request from the court to be immune from trial in order to abstain from attending the trials

kaynak: hukukiyardim.gov.tr

How to File an Administrative Case

2010-10-29T12:52:00.001-07:00

What is an administrative lawsuit?

An administrative lawsuit means bringing a case against State's acts and/or actions before administrative courts.

At Which court an adminstrative lawsuit can be filed?

Adminstrative lawsuits can be filed before adminstrative courts or tax courts of first instances and the Council of State.

Where can adminstrative lawsuit be filed?

The administrative court that is located in the region of the administrative authority, which made the administrative acts shall have jurisdiction over the case.
(Provided that the general provisions regarding to subject-matter jurisdiction are reserved)

Where are the petitions submitted?

You should submit your petition to relevant administrative or tax court if there is any in your place. Be prepared bearing in mind the fact that court fee and cost of postage are required. It would be better if you got an estimated cost from the court before filing a case.

What should I do if there is no adminstrative/tax court in my place

You can submit your petition to a general civil court of first instances.

I am abroad. Do I need to come back Turkey to submit a petition?

No.You can submit your petition to Turkish Consulates.

Against which decisions can be appealed before an administrative court?

An adminstrative lawsuit can be filed against Administrative acts and/or actions which are carried out by and adminstrative institution ( a public body;state, municipality etc.) The act in question must also a definite one. The act is deemed not be definite if it still continues or needs an approval by other authority or there is a compulsory objection procedure available before an administrative authority. If so,compulsory administrative objection procedures must be exhausted.
If you deem that your rights have been violated by an administrative action, you must apply to the relevant administration for the rectification of the situation within a year from the notification or the date they learn the action by another way and in any case within five years from the action, before bringing a lawsuit.

The time limit for bringing a lawsuit

The time limit to bring an action is sixty days for the actions brought to the Council of State and administrative courts, thirty days for the actions brought to the tax courts, unless otherwise stated in the specific Act

What can I do if a notification has not been made?

In case that you have made a request to administrative authorities for the implementation an act or taking an action that may be the subject of a lawsuit and If the request is not replied within sixty days, it shall be deemed to be dismissed. In this case, the time limit for the action runs from the date after you have made the request.

If response from the administration is not final or vague what can I do?

If the response given by the authorities within sixty-day period is not final, you may either regard this response as dismissal or you may bring an action regarding this response as dismissal or you may wait for the final response. In this case, the time limit for the action shall not run. However, the waiting period cannot exceed six months from the date of the response. However, after expiry of 6-month period if you do not bring a lawsuit within 60 day you will lose your right to bring a lawsuit.

What happens if you have not received a notification?

It is likely that the notification has been made via proclamation since you have not been found in your adress. In this case the time limit runs from fifteen days after the date following the last day of proclamation.

What happens in case that you have filed against an uncompleted indefinite administrative decision?

In case that you have filed a suit for an non-final administrative decision your petition is referred to the authorised administrative authorities. In other words your pettion is regarded as a petition adressed to the authorised administrative authority instead of one submitted to the court.

What should your case petition involve?

1-Your name, surname, ID no, open adress
2- Other party's open adress
3-Provided that they have written as clearly and summarily possible,
a- Subject matter
b- Reasons of the case
c-Your ultimate aim to bring the lawsuit
d- Legal basis
e- Your evidence
i- Enumerate your evidence in a form of a list attached to the petition
ii- Explain clearly how to obtain other evidence that you do not have at that moment
iii. The day of notification of the administrative act
iv.In tax actions, type and year of the relevant tax or tax penalty, date and number of the demand note, account number of the taxpayer, if available,
h- Relevant case law, if available ( examples of final court decisions which are similar to your case)

How should your petiton be prepared?

Your petition is your most important tool for your case. If it is too long or includes too many unnecessary details, it may harm your argument.If it is too short omitting the vital legal points that may also be a disadvantage for your claim. Thus, it is your responsibilty to ensure that your petition has been prepared carefully. İf would be better if you had an advice from a lawyer.

Is it compulsory to be represented by a lawyer before administrative courts?

No. Everyone is entitled to bring a case before a court on matters concerning him/her. However,you need to take into account of the fact that bring an action before a court may lead to serious consequences. Moreover, if you are not able to cover court expenses in the context of “legal aid” procedure, you are entitled to apply to Bar Association of your city for a lawyer to be appointed free of charge for your defence. Please refer to “ Legal Aid Leaflet” for more information.

How is a lawsuit filed?

Apply to the relevant court with your petition containing above mentioned matters. Having calculated them, court clerks will inform you about court fee and postage expenses which you must pay for. Once you have submitted your pettion to court clerical office along with receipt for the fee and cost of postage, your case is considered to be commenced. The document that will be given to you, contains the name of the court in which your case will be handled (ie.Ankara 2. Administrative Court of First Instance) and the case number. The case number consists of two parts: the first part shows which year your case has been commenced while the second part indicates which number your's is among the whole cases that has been commenced in that year within that court.( ie.2009/198) After that, you will have to keep the case number and use them in every transaction regarding your case ( ie. Ankara 2. Administrative Court of First Instance 2009/ 198)

What happens if my adress has been changed?

The court communicates with your via postal service. Thus, when your adress has been changed you must inform the court of your new adress with a petititon as soon as possible. If you are not found at your adress you are not be able to communicate with the court,.Then, you are not able to fulfil likely requestto be made by court. In that case it is decided that the action has not been brought since you have not pursued your case.

Do the administrative acts automatically stop once an administrative suit brought against it?

Bringing an action to the Council of State or administrative courts shall not prevent the execution of the administrative act which is the subject of the actio n. You must request the court for a stay of execution to be granted. If the Court decides that implementation of an administrative act will result in damages which are difficult or impossible to compensate for, and if this act is clearly unlawful, it decides to stay the execution of the act.

What does “ the stay of execution” mean?

This notion correspons to the stop of the administrative act against which you have brought an lawsuit.For instance, your house has been decided to be demolished by the local municipality.In this case you file a lawsuit aganist the administrative act before an administrative court with the aim of annulment of the act alleging that the decision in question is unlawful. Since just filing a suit itself does not automatically stop the execution of the act. You must request the court a stay of execution be granted. Otherwise, the act may be executed by the municipality resulting the demolition of your house. In that case, if you were found to be right or you won the case the justice has still not been administrated.Therefore in order to avoid this consequence you need to request a stay of execution decision from the court. In the same way, Putting the expression of “ Stay of execution has been requested”to both “subject” and “final request” parts of your petition is vital.

Kaynak:adalet.gov.tr

How to Lodge a Complaint

2010-10-29T12:51:00.001-07:00

How to lodge a Complaint?

A complaint is informing public prosecution or law enforcement office about the crime that you have been involved as a victim, the name of perpetrator/s, if you know, and your explicit declaration of will concerning punishment of the perpetrator/s. It will be usefull to bring a petition describing the incident with you, but not really necessary.

WHAT SHOULD I DO ?

Civil law suits are sued upon to the will of the parties. However, criminal cases are launched on the basis of a request on behalf of the public and public prosecutor is the party of the case on behalf of the public. Therefore, procedures are simpler compared to that of in civil cases. It is sufficient that one (you )informed the crime to the authorities. It is not likely that you are deprieved of your rights because of procedures.

Can I Participate to the judicial process?

Trial is conducted on behalf of the public in criminal cases. However, state entitles you to a certain extent to participate to the trial process with the prosecutor just because you are victim of the crime. If you complain or participate to the trial process then you are entitled to be involved in several proceedings.

What is the Difference Between the Victim and the Complainant?

Victim is a person whose rights have been violated by commission of a crime. The request of victims concerning punishment of the perpetrators is called complaint. Every victim may not be complainant. There fore this distinction exists.

What Will Happen If I do not Complain?

Punishment of some crimes (misdemenaours) is based upon complaint of the victim. However complaint is not necessary in the punishment of serious crimes. The perpetrator is punished even if the victim does not complain.

Are Complaint and Denunciation the same?

When ever a crime is committed public order is broken (distorted)there fore public entitles (empower) public prosecution office to prosecute the crimes. Everyone may inform the law enforcement public prosecution offices about a committed crime. While complaint is a right granted to victims, denunciation may be processed by everyone. Complainant may participate in the trial, but informant has no right to do this.
Then, What is Intervening to the Trial?
When a public case is filed, copmlainant may intervene in the trial and may be party to the judicial proceedings. Intervention is a procedural transaction and it is conducted by declaring your intention to the court. If the court approves the request then intervenor becames party to the judicial proceedings. For ex. intervenor may submit vitness list, ask questions to vitnesses via court, appeal the decision. Intervention does not mean to be present at every hearing. It means to be a party to the case in the procedural sense.

Is Lawyer necessary?

Public officers shall deal with the necessary transactions on behalf of the victims or any other person whose rights have been violated. It is of your advantagous to represent yourself by a lawyer but it is not compulsory. Victims of sexual crimes and crimes that have a lower limit of more than 5 years of imprisonment may ask for a free counsel from the bar provided that they are intervenor. If the victim or person whose rights have been violated is minor, deaf or dumb, or mentally disabled so that he can not defend himself then it is compulsory to provide a counsel. If they have no counsel bar appoints one for them.

I am a Victim: I want to Launch a Criminal Case:

Public prosecutors are only entitled to bring a file before the court in criminal law. If you are a
victim upon your complaint to the public prosecutor he will conduct the investigation and bring the file before the court.

How to Act After Summon?

2010-10-29T12:49:00.000-07:00

A paper came from the Courthouse (Notification)

Every “paper” which came from the court, the public prosecutor’s office or civil enforcement offices is sent to inform you about an official transaction. The paper which is sent from these institutions is called “notification”.

What should I do when a letter came from the courthouse?

If you read the letter carefully you will notice that all the necessary information is written on it. If you think that the information on the paper is complicated or incomprehensible you can take the assistance of a lawyer. Do not forget that every letter coming from the courthouse is sent for an official action and most probably, it is subjected to a limited time.

What is the notification for?

The notification is sent to you in order to inform you about a judicial action. The State informs you about an official action which might be against you and wants you to protect your own rights. Be aware of the fact that the notification may be about any subject. The notification is sent for various subjects such as inviting you to the court as a witness, informing you that an enforcement procedure has started against you because of your debt or informing you about the hearing date etc. From which court or office and for what purpose is the notification sent is written on the paper. Please read it carefully.

How can I understand who sent the notification?

The name of the office is written on the left top corner of the notification. For instance, 2nd Civil Enforcement Office of Manavgat or General Civil Court of Mardin etc. Furthermore, there is a number indicating the type of action. The number is called file number.

What is the file number?

The courts give a separate number for each file in order to carry out the actions in a proper way. This number is called file number and its acronym is E. There is a simple logic of the file number. The first part of the number shows the year in which the case is instituted and the second part indicates the sequence of the case in the same year. It is written like “E:2009/65” or “E:09/65”. Since each court gives separate number, the files are considered with the name of the court. For instance, Felony Court of Rize E:08/103.

What should I do with the notification?

You absolutely keep the notification. The information on it will be helpful for you.

I received the notification, what if I do not do anything?

There is a wide-spread misperception among the society that “judicial process does not start, if the notification is not received”. Whatever you do, do not make the mistake by doing nothing after you received the notification. When the notification reached to you, a judicial action has been started. To keep silent means that you endanger your own right. In civil courts, when you do not respond to the lawsuit against you it is supposed that you deny all the claims. However, when you do not follow the case, it means that you disclaim your a lot of rights such as primarily to submit evidences to the court and to respond the evidences of the other party. In case you do not do anything after receiving notifications such as “payment orders” from civil enforcement offices, it may result in various losses of rights.

What happens if I do nothing?

In state-related issues, the actions are not protracted. Each action has its own duration. When you receive the notification the duration of that certain action starts. You may lose your right to object, you may lose your rights, you may get into debt, you may be assumed that you accept the debt, even in some cases you may be taken by force by the police.

They left the notification to the neighbourhood governor, what if I do not receive it?

If you are not at home warning document is pasted to the door and the notification is left to the neighbourhood governor. The day in which the notification is left to the neighbourhood governor it is assumed that the notification is given to you. Even though you do not receive it the legal durations start. All undesirable situations which are mentioned above may happen to you.

They sent the notification to my old address, I was not informed about it!

It is your own responsibility to inform about your new address. The notification which is sent to the address you have submitted to an official institution is assumed that it is sent to you, even you moved from there. It may result in judicial consequences against you. For this reason, you definitely submit your latest address to the Registration Office.

KAYNAK: adalet.gov.tr

How to File a Case

2010-10-29T12:47:00.000-07:00

Filing a case

Filing a case means to claim a right suing a person or an agency before a court. In case you have subjected to an unfair treatment the court shall intervene and deliver your right after they tried the case.

How to file a case?

A case is filed through a petition submitted to the court registry, what a petition should contain is stated below: a civil case is filed once you attached to your petition the receipt indicating that you paid the postal costs and the trial fee

Filing a case simple as that ?

Yes, all it takes to file a civil case is to deliver the petition to the court registry with postal costs and legal fee receipt attached. Despite it seems too easy its a highly formal procedure entails severe legal consequences and huge financial burden.
Remember. Despited the filing phase is simple as that. The entire process is extremely severe and sometimes could be time consuming.

How long an avarage case takes?
According to the statistics of the Justice Ministry. In 2007 it took 202 days to try a case, that changes from court to court. For instance, a case filed in Intellectual Property Civil Court has been tried in 619 days, that figure changes In the Commercial Court as 410 days, In labor Courts as 441 days, in Family Courts as 157 days, in Civil Courts of Peace as 108 days.

Is it better if I dont file a case?
It your constitutional right to apply to courts and seek justice. Do not refrain from exercising your rights. But in doing so it would be in your favor to you deeply assess before you launched thep process. the possible consequences in terms of winning and loosing and prospective financial consequences when you lost.

Where should I file the case?

You should file the case in the competent and assigned courts. Since the question as to which court is competent and assigned has no short cut answer and filing a case in an incompetent court would possibly result in time and money losts, you'd better consult to and advocate and ask for professional help.

What should I know before filing a case?

If you are not in a position to afford a lawyer ask your selves the questions below:
•Are you sure you are informed well enough to file a case?
•Are your determined as to pursuing your case? Ignoring the presence at the court once you filed a case results in the
case being deemed unfiled.
•Have assessed the negative consequences in case you loose the case? If you hired a lawyer you'd better ask him/her
to inform you on that
•How much the case would cost to you?
•What is the avarage amount of the additional costs in case you loose( legal fee, trial costs, lawyer costs etc)
•Is there any other way available to fix the unfairness you have been through.

The overall lay out of a petition
The petition is the key tool in a civil case. State your case touching the core issues. Writting longer than necessary, giving room to unnecessary detailes, mentioning irrelevant people could damage your case. Likewise a petition written way shorter than necessary and skipped the core aspects , would harm the case as well. Therefore the petition should be drafted in due diligence. Drafting your petition title by title, listing your evidences, putting your attachements in order would be in your favor.

What a formal petition should contain?
• Name
• Surname
• ID number
• Plain address
• Name and surname ID number ( if possible) of the defendant,
• Title if its an agency
• The subjectmatter of the case
• The reason why you file the case
• The claim
• The legal grounds you based on
• Evidences
• The date of the incident has occured and the date you have found out.
• Jurisprudences of the supreme court ( if possible) and samples of previously tried cases.

Is it compulsory to hire a lawyer?
No, it is not. Remember a lawyer would be of great help in the course of a litigation. In case you are not sure that , you are well informed in litigation and procedural law consult to a lawyer. If you are not in a position to afford a lawyer remember that you are entitled to a pro bono lawyer. To get that free legal aid. You need to apply to the bar association of your city, For more information please see. the legal aid brochure
How much cost to file a case , expencive?
Yes, Filing a case could sometimes be expensive, legal fees are not so high in comparison to the fees in Europe. But still depending on the nature and the time to be invested. Expenditures could get higher than estimated. You should get ready to the unexpected expenditures and find out what the possible expenses are. In the course of the trial legal expenses are demandend from the claimant. In case you dont pay the legal fees court by law would find that you vaiwed your right to file a case and that would be harmful for your case.

Could I be reimbursed?
If you win the case at the end the court would decide that the expenditures you made to be paid by your opponent. But remember only the court fees to be paid to you. The such expences as made in preparation to the case, transportation expenses and the
the wage you paid to your council shall not be reimbursed.

Am I entitled to enforce my right directly?
No, You need the judgment be finalised and the court fee decreed in the judgment must be paid and the judgment should be served to your opponent. The parties have right to appeal the decision. In case one of the parties appealed the decision. the decision shall become final after that stage is over.

HÜKMÜN AÇIKLANMASI VE HÜKMÜN AÇIKLANMASININ GERİ BIRAKILMASI Nedir?

2010-09-18T13:33:00.000-07:00

Hükmün Açıklanmasının geri bırakılması nedir diye soracak olursak,
5271 sayılı Ceza Muhamekesi Kanunun 231. Maddesinde aşağıdaki şekilde düzenlenmiştir.

Madde 231 - (1) Duruşma sonunda, 232 nci Maddede belirtilen esaslara göre duruşma tutanağına geçirilen hüküm fıkrası okunarak gerekçesi ana çizgileriyle anlatılır.

(2) Hazır bulunan sanığa ayrıca başvurabileceği kanun yolları, mercii ve süresi bildirilir.

(3) Beraat eden sanığa, tazminat isteyebileceği bir hâl varsa bu da bildirilir.

(4) Hüküm fıkrası herkes tarafından ayakta dinlenir.

(5) (Ek fıkra: 06/12/2006 - 5560 S.K.23.md) Sanığa yüklenen suçtan dolayı yapılan yargılama sonunda hükmolunan ceza, iki yıl* veya daha az süreli hapis veya adlî para cezası ise; mahkemece, hükmün açıklanmasının geri bırakılmasına karar verilebilir. Uzlaşmaya ilişkin hükümler saklıdır. Hükmün açıklanmasının geri bırakılması, kurulan hükmün sanık hakkında bir hukukî sonuç doğurmamasını ifade eder.

(6) (Ek fıkra: 06/12/2006 - 5560 S.K.23.md) Hükmün açıklanmasının geri bırakılmasına karar verilebilmesi için;

a) Sanığın daha önce kasıtlı bir suçtan mahkûm olmamış bulunması,

b) Mahkemece, sanığın kişilik özellikleri ile duruşmadaki tutum ve davranışları göz önünde bulundurularak yeniden suç işlemeyeceği hususunda kanaate varılması,

c) Suçun işlenmesiyle mağdurun veya kamunun uğradığı zararın, aynen iade, suçtan önceki hale getirme veya tazmin suretiyle tamamen giderilmesi,

gerekir.

(7) (Ek fıkra: 06/12/2006 - 5560 S.K.23.md) Açıklanmasının geri bırakılmasına karar verilen hükümde, mahkûm olunan hapis cezası ertelenemez ve kısa süreli olması halinde seçenek yaptırımlara çevrilemez.

(8) (Ek fıkra: 06/12/2006 - 5560 S.K.23.md) Hükmün açıklanmasının geri bırakılması kararının verilmesi halinde sanık, beş yıl süreyle denetim süresine tâbi tutulur. Bu süre içinde bir yıldan fazla olmamak üzere mahkemenin belirleyeceği süreyle, sanığın denetimli serbestlik tedbiri olarak;

a) Bir meslek veya sanat sahibi olmaması halinde, meslek veya sanat sahibi olmasını sağlamak amacıyla bir eğitim programına devam etmesine,

b) Bir meslek veya sanat sahibi olması halinde, bir kamu kurumunda veya özel olarak aynı meslek veya sanatı icra eden bir başkasının gözetimi altında ücret karşılığında çalıştırılmasına,

c) Belli yerlere gitmekten yasaklanmasına, belli yerlere devam etmek hususunda yükümlü kılınmasına ya da takdir edilecek başka yükümlülüğü yerine getirmesine,

karar verilebilir. Denetim süresi içinde dava zamanaşımı durur.

(9) (Ek fıkra: 06/12/2006 - 5560 S.K.23.md) Altıncı fıkranın (c) bendinde belirtilen koşulu derhal yerine getiremediği takdirde; sanık hakkında mağdura veya kamuya verdiği zararı denetim süresince aylık taksitler halinde ödemek suretiyle tamamen gidermesi koşuluyla da hükmün açıklanmasının geri bırakılması kararı verilebilir.

(10) (Ek fıkra: 06/12/2006 - 5560 S.K.23.md) Denetim süresi içinde kasten yeni bir suç işlenmediği ve denetimli serbestlik tedbirine ilişkin yükümlülüklere uygun davranıldığı takdirde, açıklanması geri bırakılan hüküm ortadan kaldırılarak, davanın düşmesi kararı verilir.

(11) (Ek fıkra: 06/12/2006 - 5560 S.K.23.md) Denetim süresi içinde kasten yeni bir suç işlemesi veya denetimli serbestlik tedbirine ilişkin yükümlülüklere aykırı davranması halinde, mahkeme hükmü açıklar. Ancak mahkeme, kendisine yüklenen yükümlülükleri yerine getiremeyen sanığın durumunu değerlendirerek; cezanın yarısına kadar belirleyeceği bir kısmının infaz edilmemesine ya da koşullarının varlığı halinde hükümdeki hapis cezasının ertelenmesine veya seçenek yaptırımlara çevrilmesine karar vererek yeni bir mahkûmiyet hükmü kurabilir.

(12) (Ek fıkra: 06/12/2006 - 5560 S.K.23.md) Hükmün açıklanmasının geri bırakılması kararına itiraz edilebilir.

(13) (Ek fıkra: 06/12/2006 - 5560 S.K.23.md) Hükmün açıklanmasının geri bırakılması kararı, bunlara mahsus bir sisteme kaydedilir. Bu kayıtlar, ancak bir soruşturma veya kovuşturmayla bağlantılı olarak Cumhuriyet savcısı, hâkim veya mahkeme tarafından istenmesi halinde, bu maddede belirtilen amaç için kullanılabilir.

(14) (Ek fıkra: 06/12/2006 - 5560 S.K.23.md;Değişik fıkra: 23/01/2008-5728 S.K./562.mad) Bu maddenin hükmün açıklanmasının geri bırakılmasına ilişkin hükümleri, Anayasanın 174 üncü maddesinde koruma altına alınan inkılâp kanunlarında yer alan suçlarla ilgili olarak uygulanmaz.

Application From Abroad

2010-07-19T08:46:00.000-07:00

Requests for police certificates of Turkish citizens living abroad and of foreign citizens who have stayed in Turkey should be made directly by the persons concerned via Turkish Consulates located in the country of living or staying. Applicants should write a petition, sign it, enclose the copy of a valid idendity card. Police certificates can be prepared in three languages; English, German, French. Please state the language of the certificate you prefer in your petition.

Adalet bakanlığı Adli Sicil ve İstatistik Genel Müdürlüğü'nün web sayfasından alınmıştır.

Adli Sicil Sabıka Kaydı Dilekçe Örneği

2010-07-19T08:38:00.001-07:00

Adli Sicil Kaydı, Sabıka Kaydı almak İçin dilekçe örneği,

................... CUMHURİYET BAŞSAVCILIĞINA

………………………………………………verilmek üzere, sabıka kaydım olup, olmadığının
tarafıma bildirilmesini saygılarımla arz ederim.

…/…/20…
Adı ve Soyadı
imza

Açık Kimliği :
T.C Kimlik No :
Soyadı :
Adı :
Baba Adı :
Ana Adı :
Doğum Yeri :
Doğum Tarihi :
Nüfusa Kayıtlı
Olduğu Yer (İli-İlçesi) :

Önemli Not :
Dilekçe ile birlikte Nüfus Cüzdanı aslını ibraz etmek mecburidir.

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Adli Sicil Sabıka Kaydı Sorgulama

2010-07-19T08:25:00.000-07:00

Merhaba,

Adli Sicil yani Sabıka Kaydı Sorgulama eminim ki bu konudada diğer bazı konua olduğu gibi yanılmalar vardır.Adli Sicil Sabıka Kaydını İnternetten Sorgulayamazsınız.Peki, nasıl sabıka kaydı alırım diyorsanız.Dilekçe ile Türkiyenin tüm il ve ilçelerindende bulunan Cumhuriyet Başsavcılıkları Adli Sicil Bürosuna başvurabilirsiniz.Dilekçenizde;
Adli Sicil ne için almak istediniz, örneğin ehliyet başvurusu, yurt başvurusu özel şirkete iş başvurusu gibi gerekçenizi belirtmeniz gerekmektedir.Dilekçeniz ile birlikte adli sicil görevlisine mutlaka nüfus cüzdanı, ehliyet vb. kimlik belgesini ibraz etmeniz zorunludur.Sabıka kaydı kişiye özeldir.Yani Adalet Tevzi isimli bir şahsın kaydını sadece Adalet Tevzi alabilir.Yada vekaletnamesi bulunan temsilcisi.Bunun dışında başka kimseye adli sicil kaydı verilmez.18 yaşını doldurmamış çocuk için velisi dilekçe ile talepte bulunabilir.Adli Sicil Kayıtlarını email ile internet üzerinden sorgulanması veya bilgi edinme kanunu kapsamında istense bile talebin yerine getirilmeyeceği unutulmamalıdır.Başvuruların mutlaka dilekçe ile olması için bu tür talepler yerine getirilmemektedir.
Adli Sicil ile kısaca verebileceğim bilgiler bundan ibarettir.Ancak daha kapsamlı bilgi almak için aşağıdaki bağlantıları takip edebilirsiniz.

Adli Sicil Genel Müdürlüğü'nün Resmi Web Sitesi

Ehliyet Başvurusu İçin Dilekçe Örneği

Adli Sicil Belgesi-Sabıka Kaydı Alınabilecek Yerler

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Uyap Sms-Davanızı Sms ile takip Edin

2010-07-11T01:46:00.000-07:00

Merhaba,

Bu konu hakkında bilgi vermeyip sadece tanıtım yapmayı düşünüyorum.Yani bilgi vermeye kalksam onca sayfa yazı yazmam gerekecek bu nedenle Adalet Bakanlığı Bilgi İşlem Dairesi Başkanlığı'nın Uyap Sms konusunda yapmış olduğu sayfaya yönlendireceğim sizi. Sayfada aşağıdaki sorular konusunda bilgiler edilebilirsiniz.Son olarak Uyap Sms Bilgi Servisi Nedir? Sorusuna alıntı yaparak açıklamak gerekirse;

"UYAP SMS BİLGİ SİSTEMİ NEDİR?
Adalet Bakanlığı, mahkeme kararlarının ve diğer adli işlemlerin SMS yoluyla ilgililerin cep telefonlarına gönderilmesi için AVEA ve TURKCELL’le işbirliği protokolü imzalamıştır. Ulusal Yargı Ağı Projesi’nin (UYAP) mobil ayağını teşkil eden UYAP SMS Bilgi Sistemi’yle avukatlar ve vatandaşlar dava açılması, icra takibi başlatılması, duruşma tarihi gibi bilgileri adliyeye gitmeden cep telefonlarına gönderilen kısa mesajlarla öğrenebilmektedir.

UYAP SMS Bilgi Sistemi; mahkemeler, Cumhuriyet savcılıkları ve icra daireleri gibi adli birimlerce gerçekleştirilen ve taraflara iletilmesi gereken bilgi, veri ve duyuruların GSM Operatörleri aracılığıyla avukatlara ve ilgili kişilere SMS yolu ile sunulmasını amaçlıyor. Bu sistem sayesinde, adli makamlardaki yetkililer, UYAP portalları üzerinden işlemlerini onayladıkları anda otomatik olarak ilgili kişilere SMS gönderilmektedir.

1 Nisan 2008 tarihinde hizmete giren sistem, avukat ve vatandaşların adliyelere giderek ilgili oldukları dosya ya da işlemler hakkında bilgi almak için harcadıkları zaman, emek ve masrafı ortadan kaldırmaktadır. UYAP SMS Bilgi Sistemi ile adli işlem bilgilerinin taraflara en hızlı şekilde bildirilmesi, bilgilere her an her yerden ulaşılabilmesi, tarafların UYAP sistemindeki dosyalarında yapılan işlemlerden anında haberdar edilmesi, tebligat sürecinin kısaltılması ile tebligat ve kırtasiye giderinin azaltılması hedeflenmektedir. Ayrıca sistemin yaygın bir şekilde uygulanmasıyla adliyelerdeki iş yükünün azalması, işlemlerin hızlanması ve uygulamada şeffaflığın sağlanması beklenmektedir. "

Aşağıdaki Bağlantılar resim ve alındı makale. sms.adalet.gov.tr adresinden alınmıştır.

SMS Bilgi Servisi Nedir ?

Nasıl Abone Olunur ?

Abonelik Nasıl İptal Edilir ?

Vatandaşlar Nasıl Faydalanabilir ?

Avukatlar Nasıl Faydalanabilir ?

SMS Yoluyla Bilgilendirme

SMS İçerikleri

Ücretlendirme

Faydaları

Sms Tanıtım Faaliyetleri

Sıkça Sorulan Sorular

Ücretsiz Mevzuat Programı-Hukuk Mevzuat

2010-07-11T01:13:00.000-07:00

Merhaba,

En çok lazım olan programlardan bir tanesidir.Mevzuat programları, kanunları, tüzükleri, içtihatları yönetmelikleri bulabileceğimiz ve sık güncelenen bir mevzuat programının olması bir çok konuda fayda görmemize Neden olur.
Adalet Bakanlığı Bilgi İşlem Dairesi Başkanlığı bu konuya bir çözüm bularak kendince geliştirmiş olduğu Mevzuat Programını Adalet Bakanlığı'nın resmi web sayfasında vatandaşların hizmetine sunmuş.
Mevzuat Programını bilgisayarımıza kurduktan sonra, Kanunları, içtihatları, tüzükler, yönetmelikler, hsyk kararları, gibi bilgiler elinizin altında bulunacak.Programın en güzel özelliği ise yeni kanunlar ve içtihatları otomatik olarak güncellemeyle eklemesidir.Programın ücretsiz olduğunu yazmayı unutmayalım : )

Saygılar

Bu yazıda Adalet Bakanlığı'nın resim ve bağlantıları kullanılmıştır.

Programı İndirip Bilgisayarınıza Kurmak İçin Tıklayınız.

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ADMIRALTY & MARITIME LAW

2010-07-08T12:52:00.000-07:00

ADMIRALTY & MARITIME LAW

Admiralty and maritime law applies to events that occur on navigable waters. Navigable waters generally include the oceans, lakes and rivers that can be used for commercial shipping.

Maritime law applies to:

* Cruise Ship Injury

* Pleasure Boating Accident

* Water Skiing

* Fishing

* Diving

* Parasailing

* Jet Skis

* Scuba-Diving/ Snorkeling

* Charter Agreement

* Ship Repairs or supplies and Maritime Liens

* Cargo Loss or Theft

* Salvage Claims

* Jones Act Seaman’s injury

* Crew Wages

* Offshore Oil Rigs

We handle maritime cases located everywhere in Florida, including cases in Miami, Fort Lauderdale, West Palm Beach, Riviera Beach, Port Canaveral, Jacksonville, Tampa, Key West, Naples, Panama City, and Pensacola. We can act nationwide with corresponding counsels.

MARITIME INJURY LAW

In case of injury, we will work on contingency fee. An injured person on a job related to maritime matters is usually entitled to a different set of rules and rights than a person injured on land.

Maintenance: The employer or the owner of the ship must pay for “maintenance” which is a per pay amount for room and board.

Cure: The employer or the owner of the ship must pay for “cure” which is all medical bills related to your injury. A seaman is considered to have reached maximum medical cure when their condition will no longer improve despite further medical treatment.

Unearned Wages: The employer must pay for the lost wages that the seaman would have earned if he was not injured.

Insurance claim adjuster and the employer or the owners of the ship are not looking out for you. Even though some of them are honest, the reality is that most will try to limit their financial burden but limiting your rights. Seamen injured at work should report immediately the incident, seek medical treatment, and be wary of signing incident reports that do not accurately and completely describe the incident.

Be sure to report the injury as soon as possible, within 7 days of the date of injury if you can. Over 7 days, you can still file a report.

In any case be sure to contact an attorney as soon as practicable, as potential witnesses’ memories fade, people move away or die, and the physical evidence is repaired, or scrapped. Otherwise, your claim to injury, no matter no serious and how obvious, may be lost forever leaving you and your family without the financial support you deserve.

Jones Act

The Merchant Marine Act of 1920, Jones Act as it is commonly known, regulates maritime commerce in U.S. waters and between U.S. ports. The cabotage provisions restrict the carriage of goods or passengers between United States ports to U.S. built and flagged vessels. In addition, at least 75 percent of the crewmembers must be U.S. citizens. Moreover foreign repair work of U.S.-flagged vessels' hull and superstructure is limited to 10 percent foreign-built steel weight. This restriction largely prevents American shipowners from refurbishing their ships at overseas shipyards.

Any worker who spends less than 30 percent of his time in the service of a vessel on navigable waters is presumed not to be a seaman under the Jones Act. An action under the Act may be brought either in a U.S. federal court or in a state court. The seaman/Plaintiff is entitled to a jury trial, a right which is not afforded in maritime law absent a statute authorizing it.

LHWCA

The Longshore and Harbor Workers’ Compensation Act is the statutory workers' compensation scheme that covers certain maritime workers, including most dock workers and maritime workers not otherwise covered by the Jones Act. In addition, Congress has extended the LHWCA to cover non-appropriated fund employees (i.e. AAFES employees), outer-continental-shelf workers, and U.S. government contractors working in foreign countries. A worker covered by the LHWCA is entitled to temporary compensation benefits of 2/3 his average weekly wage while undergoing medical treatment, and then either to a scheduled award for injury to body parts enumerated in 33 U.S.C. § 908(c) or 2/3 of the workers' loss of earning capacity.

Defense Base Act

The Defense Base Act is an extension of the Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act. The Defense Base Act covers persons employed at United States defense bases overseas.

DOHSA

Death on the High Seas Act covers any death that occurs more than 3 nautical miles from the shore of any state. These claims only allow for the recovery of monetary damages, no non-pecuniary damages. DOHSA damages are calculated based upon the value of the financial benefit that would have been received by the relative from the decedent. According to this calculation, dependent children may recover the value of the care and guidance that they would have received from the decedent parent. Also, a surviving spouse can recover the actual value of the financial contribution a decedent would have made to the family, had he lived, subtracting any amount that would have gone toward maintaining the decedent himself. Death on the High Seas Act Applies to Aviation Crashes At Sea. In March 2000, Congress passed the FAA Reauthorization Bill, which included an amendment to the Death on the High Seas Act amending DOHSA to allow recovery for loss of consortium, care and companionship in all cases of "commercial aviation accidents."

Injuries of Passengers or Crewmembers on Cruise Ships

Cruise lines insert special clauses that apply just to them. Usually the ticket’s fine prints is where the clauses are found. These can shorten the time allowed to file a complaint, decide where in the United States the cruise line can be sued.

Almost every ship, and in particular cruise ships that serve the U.S. tourist market are registered in foreign countries such as the Bahamas, Liberia and Panama. Sometimes the laws of foreign countries may apply depending on the circumstances.

Injuries include:

* Sexual Assault and Rape

* Food Poisoning

* Personal Injury both on board and on shore during excursion

COGSA Cargo Claims

The Carriage of Goods by Sea Act ("COGSA") is a United States law governing the rights and responsibilities between shippers of cargo and ship operators regarding ocean shipments to and from the United States. It is the U.S. enactment of the International Convention Regarding Bills of Lading, commonly known as the "Hague Rules". It includes a "package limitation" has become one of the most contentious and litigious areas in the field of cargo damage, particularly as it relates to the transportation of goods by ocean shipping containers.

CONTACT US>>>

Yaşı küçük ergen olmayan kişi para çekebilir mi?

2010-07-08T08:50:00.000-07:00

Merhaba;
Yaşı küçük yani 18 yaşını doldurmamış bir kişi velisi yada varsa vasisi olmadan kendi adına para çekemez.Bir şahsın para bankadan kendi adına para alabilmesi için 18 yaşını doldurmuş olmadı yada velisi ile birlikte gelmelidir.18 yaşını doldurmayan Bir şahsın velisi anne veya babası adına tahakkuk eden parayı reşit olmaması nedeniyle çekemez, tek taraflı bağlamazlık nedeniyle, para çekmeye gitmeden önce velinizi götürmeniz menfaatinize :)

DEVELOPMENTS IN TURKISH STRAITS SYSTEM AND TRAFFIC PROBLEMS in

2010-07-08T08:47:00.000-07:00

DEVELOPMENTS IN TURKISH STRAITS SYSTEM AND TRAFFIC PROBLEMS in

TURKISH STRAITS REGION Games
The Turkish Straits region of Istanbul Strait, Marmara Sea and Dardanelles comprising a total area of 326 km represents a sea.

In this area, both traffic density, both features of the Bosporus in terms of navigational difficulties overseas. In terms of looking the Sea of Marmara in the Dardanelles as a difficulty in that Kepez - Akbas Bosphorus between the outside 10 miles will be compared with the difficulty of a course or the traffic density is not possible to talk about. The examination of these facts has been selected as the Istanbul Strait.

Adverse physical conditions of navigation in the Straits of istanbul and from time to time meteorological and oceanographic conditions that prevent the safe course at the same time has seen a lot.

Length of the medium, even though this distance is 17 miles Anatolian coast in the 19 coastal borders, the European Side of the border about 30 miles up the coast is increasing.
Intensity discharge average 2-4 miles Stars and Poyraz es are reached when the 6 -7 miles.
Another block in the safe navigation of the Bosphorus istanbul? is the fog. Visibility at times due to fog in the Straits of 20-30 m is found to decrease. Throat, the best views in December-January months over the evening, the afternoon hours in other months, in March in the worst visibility conditions are.

BOSPHORUS the SEA TRAFFIC

Istanbul Strait at the same time the four-way traffic oluşmaktadır.Bunlar North - South or South - North in the direction of the throat completely covered with (stopping non-stopover) traffic with the east - west, east-west directions, across which local traffic is.

Who cross the 2.1-STRAITS TRAFFIC

Istanbul in 2000 and 48 079 vessels in the Straits is in the past. (134 days)

According to the flag:
T.C. Flag: 15 311 units 32%
Foreign Flags: 32 768 units 68%

According to size:
Greater than 200 meters (1): 2203 pcs
Less than 200 meters: 45 816 pcs

GRT dynamically by:
500 GRT at large (2): 44 734 pcs
500 GRT'den small: 3345 pcs

Ships by type:
That carry oil and derivatives: 6096 pcs
Oil Tankers: 4937
Kimiyasal Article: 682

LPC: 477
Other vessels: 41 989 pcs

Stopover - Beaten-free:
Elapsed without stopovers: 26 858 pcs
Last stopover: 21 211 pcs

Pilot not to take:
Pilot area: 19 209 units 40%
Pilot not included: 29 870 units 60%

Transportation of oil and its derivatives via the strait status
Istanbul Bosporus in 2000 91 million tons (250 thousand tons per day) of oil and its derivatives have been moved.

2.2 LOCAL TRAFFIC

Port of Istanbul, in 2000 the average daily traffic is local. 95% of this traffic is composed of the throat, mainly Seraglio - the local traffic between Kadıköy and Liverpool is the area's most intense.
This traffic; şehirhatları ships, sea otobuleri, consisting of passenger motor boats and other passenger traffic is weighted.

Daily number of passengers transported by sea: 247 000
City passenger ship: 181 000
Sea Buses: 20 000 people
Private Passenger Engines: 46 000 people

TURKISH STRAITS TRAFFIC SYSTEM
3.1. Montreux Preview:
Before the Montreux Convention (1923-1936) to the Lausanne Treaty of an international commission management tool is implemented in the throat.
3.2. After the Montreux Convention:
This period before July 1 -1994 (Turkish Straits Maritime Traffic Regulations, the date of the application installed) and after he examined the section should be two.
-1994 Throat before July 1, the international course of the traffic rules GOLRER - 1973 (Prevention of Collisions at Sea International Regulation) was applied and port regulations.
3.3. -1994 After July 1 for the Turkish Straits Maritime Traffic and the Straits Traffic Separation Regulation enacted under the provisions of this statute was held. To briefly summarize some of the innovations brought by statute, if necessary:
IMO-Navigation Regulations (United Nations Maritime Organisation) recommendations were based.
COLRER - 73 9 rules (Narrow Canal Cruising in) instead of 10 rules (Traffic Separation Scheme) was based.
Reporting system was introduced (Cruise Plan 1, Plan 2 Cruise) and position report
Meteorological and oceanographic conditions were completely (because of tide and fog which made the transition to be controlled in terms of what conditions are set to turn off the Bosporus to traffic).
Large vessels (neck 200 m over) deep draft vessels (draft of 15 meters and above) and air draft (58 m) identified had been done and that definition in the context of the administration evaluation and transition requirements determination had authorized.

TÜRK BOĞAZLARINDA TRAFİK SİSTEMİ GELİŞMELER VE SORUNLAR

2010-07-08T08:46:00.000-07:00

TÜRK BOĞAZLARINDA TRAFİK SİSTEMİ GELİŞMELER VE SORUNLAR

TÜRK BOĞAZLAR BÖLGESİ
Türk Boğazlar bölgesi; Istanbul Boğazı, Marmara Denizi ve Çanakkale Boğazından oluşan toplam 326 km bir deniz alanı ifade eder.

Bu alanda, gerek trafik yoğunluğu, gerek seyir güçlükleri açısından İstanbul Boğazı özellik arzetmektedir. Marmara Denizinde seyir açısında bir güçlük olmadığı gibi Çanakkale Boğazında da Kepez – Akbaş arasındaki 10 millik mesafe dışında İstanbul Boğazı ile kıyaslanacak bir seyir güçlüğü yada trafik yoğunluğundan bahsetmek mümkün değildir. Bu gerçeklerle inceleme konusu olarak İstanbul Boğazı seçilmiştir.

İstanbul Boğazı navigasyon açısından olumsuz fiziki şartları ve zaman zaman emniyetli seyri engelleyen meteorolojik ve oşinografik şartların aynı anda görüldü bir yerdir.

Uzunluğu; orta hatta 17 mil olmasına rağmen bu mesafe Anadolu Yakası kıyı kenar çizgisinde 19, Avrupa Yakası kıyı kenar çizgisinde ise 30 mile kadar yükselmektedir.
Akıntı şiddeti ortalama 2 – 4 mil Yıldız ve Poyraz estiğinde ise 6 –7 mile ulaştığını görülmektedir.
İstanbul Boğazında emniyetli seyri engelleyen bir diğer ? ise sistir. Zaman zaman sis nedeni ile görüş mesafesinin Boğaz içinde 20- 30 m kadar azaldığı görülmektedir. Boğaz içinde en iyi görüş Aralık – Ocak ayları akşam üstü, diğer aylarda ise öğlen saatleri, en kötü görüş şartları ise Mart ayında olmaktadır.

İSTANBUL BOĞAZINDA DENİZ TRAFİĞİ

Istanbul Boğazında aynı anda dört yönlü bir trafik oluşmaktadır.Bunlar Kuzey – Güney yada Güney – Kuzey yönlerinde boğazın tamamı kateden (uğraksız-uğraklı)trafik ile doğu – batı , batı –doğu yönlerinde karşıdan karşıya oluşan local trafiktir.

2.1- BOĞAZI KATEDEN TRAFİK

İstanbul Boğazından 2000 yılı itibari ile 48079 adet gemi geçmiştir. (günde 134)

Bayraklarına göre:
T.C. Bayraklı : 15311 adet %32
Yabancı Bayraklı : 32768 adet % 68

Boylarına göre :
200 metreden büyük (1) : 2203 adet
200 metreden küçük : 45816 adet

GRT ‘larına göre:
500 GRT ‘den büyük (2) : 44734 adet
500 GRT’den küçük : 3345 adet

Gemi cinslerine göre:
Petrol ve türevlerini taşıyan :6096 adet
Petrol Tankeri : 4937
Kimiyasal Madde : 682

LPC : 477
Diğer gemiler : 41989 adet

Uğraklı – Uğraksız :
Uğraksız geçen : 26858 adet
Uğraklı Geçen : 21 211 adet

Kılavuz Kaptan alıp almayan:
Kılavuz Kaptan alan : 19209 adet % 40
Kılavuz Kaptan almayan : 29870 adet % 60

Petrol ve türevlerinin boğazlar yolu ile taşınma durumu :
İstanbul Boğazında 2000 yılında 91 milyon ton (günde 250 bin ton) petrol ve türevleri taşınmıştır.

2.2 LOKAL TRAFİK

Istanbul Limanına, günde ortalama 2000 lokal trafik vardır. Bu trafiğin %95 boğazlarda oluşmakta olup, ağırlıklı olarak Sarayburnu - Kadıköy ve Beşiktaş arasındaki olan lokal trafiğin en yoğun olduğu alandır.
Bu trafik; şehirhatları gemileri, deniz otobuleri, yolcu motorları ve diğer teknelerden oluşan yolcu ağırlıklı bir trafiktir.

Günde deniz yolu ile taşınan yolcu sayısı : 247 000 kişi
Şehir hatları gemileri : 181 000 kişi
Deniz Otobusleri : 20 000 kişi
Özel Yolcu Motorları : 46 000 kişi

TÜRK BOĞAZLARI TRAFİK SİSTEMİ
3,1. Montreux Öncesi :
Montreux sözleşmesinden önce (1923 – 1936) Lozan Anlaşmanın gereği boğazlardaki yönetim uluslararası bir komisyon aracı ile yürütülmektedir.
3,2. Montreux Sözleşmesi Sonrası:
Bu dönemi 1 Temmuz –1994 öncesi (Türk Boğazları Deniz Trafik Düzeni Tüzüğü’nün uygulamaya kurulduğu tarih) ve sonrası diye iki bölümüde incelenmeli.
1 Temmuz –1994 öncesi boğaz trafiğinde uluslararası seyir kuralları GOLRER – 1973 (Denizde Çatışmanın Önlenmesi Hakkında Uluslararası Tüzük) ve liman tüzükleri uygulanmıştır.
3,3. 1 Temmuz –1994 sonrası Türk Boğazları Deniz Trafik Ayrım Tüzüğü yürürlüğe konmuş ve Boğaz Trafiği bu tüzük hükümlerine göre düzenlenmiştir. Tüzüğün getirdiği bazı yenilikleri kısaca özetlemek gerekirse:
-Seyir Hükümleri IMO (Birleşmiş Milletler Denizcilik Örgütü) tavsiye kararlarına dayandırılmış.
COLRER – 73 9. kural (Dar Kanallarda Seyir) yerine 10. kural (Trafik Ayrım Düzeni) esas alınmış.
Raporlama Sistemi getirilmiş ( Seyir Planı 1, Seyir Planı 2) ve mevki raporu
Meteorolojik ve oşinografik şartların tamamı yapılmış ( akıntı ve sis nedeni ile hangi şartlarda kontroller geçiş yapılacağı hangi şartlarda ise Boğazın trafiğe kapatılacağı belirtilmiştir).
Büyük gemi (boyun 200 m den fazla) derin draftlı gemi (draft 15 metre ve üstü) ve hava draftı (58 m) tanımları yapılmış ve bu tanımlar kapsamında idareye değerlendirme ve geçiş şartları belirleme yetkisi vermiştir.

TÜRK BOĞAZLARI TRAFIK KONTROL SİSTEMİ

Türk Boğazları Deniz Trafik Ayrım Tüzüğünü uygulamakla görevlidir. Tüzük birlikte kurulmuş olup ; görev alanı Türk Boğazları ve Marmara Denizini kapsamaktadır.

ORGÜT ŞEMASI

(ektedir)

GELİŞMELER

Önümüzdeki dönem boğazları etkileyecek deniz trafiğindeki muhtemel gelişmeleri şöyle özetlemek mümkündür.
Dünya Ticaret haçmindeki gelişmeye uygun boğazlarda ilave bir trafik oluşacaktır.
Hazer ve Orta Asya Petrollerinden kaynaklanacak ilave bir tanker trafiği oluşacaktır.(2010 yılına dek bu bölgede günlük 4 milyon varile yakın bir üretim olacağı ve bu mikarın %70 inin ihraç edileceği, maliyet ve güvenlik unsurları dikkate alındığında en uygun yolun boğazlar olduğu ifade edilmektedir).
2000 yılı tanker inşa siparişlerine bakıldığında yukarıdaki açıklamayı doğrular bir sonuç ortaya çıkmaktadır. Çünkü geçtiğimiz yılda 50.000 DWT ‘den büyük tanker siparişlerinde bir önceki yıla göre %24 lük bir artış gözlenmiştir.
İstanbul’un lokal trafiğinde deniz yolu ile yolcu taşıma oranının hala % 4 olduğu dikkate alınırsa ve karşıdan karşıya taşımanın yanında kıyıya paralel yolcu taşımacılığında özendirilmesi sonucu lokal trafiktede ciddi artışlar olacağı açıktır.
Tüm bunların yanında, emniyet tedbirleri konusunda olumlu gelişmeler olduğu , VTS sisteminim önümüzdeki dönem devreye, alınacağı kılavuz kaptan alma oranıda olumlu şekilde arttığı gözlenmektedir.

6 – SORUNLAR

Bütün yapılanlar ve yapılacaklar (VTS Sistemi dahil) emniyet tedbirlerini artırarak riski azaltamayı amaçlamaktadır. Rıskı ortadan kaldırma imkanı yoktur. Herşeye rağmen Türk boğazları Deniz trafiği kökenli ciddi bir tehdihte karşı karşıyadır.
Boğazların sabit ve seyre engel fiziki yapısı ile olumsuz meteorolojik ve oşinografik şartalarda, daha çok gemi ve daha büyük gemi geçirilmesi baskısı sorunun temelini oluşturmaktadır.
Boğaz yolunu kullanan yabancı ülkeler ve denizcilik kuruluşları, Montreuz Sözleşmesinin I ve II maddesine dayanarak ‘mutlak bir serbest geçiş’ hakları olduğunu ifade etmektedirler. Bunun böyle olmadığını, serbest geçişin ‘zarasız ve emniyetli’ geçişten ayrı düşünülemeyeceğini açıktır.Ayrıca Montreux Sözleşmesinin belirtilen maddeleri IMO konvansyonları (SOLAS, MARPOL, STWC, COLREG vs.) ile çelişemez ve bunları yok sayamaz.
Türkiye elbette Montreux Sözleşmesine uyacak ama boğazların ve İstanbul’un güvenliği ile çevresel kirlilik boyutunda asla ikinci plana atmayacaktır.
Boğazlarda, teknik gerekçelerle yapılan her düzenlemeye diğer ülkeler siyaset gerekçelerle ve Monteux Sözleşmesini öne çıkarak karşı çıkmaktadırlar. Bu karşı çıkışların haklı ve adil olamadığı geçmişte boğazlarda yaşanan kazalardan anlaşılmıştır.
Baku – Ceyhan Petrol Boru Hattı ile Boğazlardaki emniyet sorunu ayrı ayrı değerlendirmek zorundayız. . Boğazlardaki emniyet gerekçeli uygulamalara, Baku - Ceyhan Boru Hattı hedefi ile yaklaşılması doğru değildir.
Türkiye ‘nin boğazlarla ilgili atması gereken önemli adımlar vardır. Bir yandan, yakın gelecek’te karşılaması neredeyse kesin olan yoğun deniz trafiğin (tanker dahil) gündemine alarak yeni politikalar belirlenmeli, diğer yanda idari anlamda yeni bir örğütlenmeye giderek boğazlardaki yetki – görev karmaşasına son vermeli, bu sorunları bürokratik işleyişe birakmadan , ivedi ve kararlı çözüm yolları bulmalı ayrıca tüm bu süreçte ilgili kuruluşlarını daha fonksiyonel bir duruma getirmelidir.

Son zamanlarda,boğazlardan emniyetli geçişten bahsedidiğinde ilk akla gelen , gemilerin kılavuz kaptan alarak geçişleri olmaktadır. Bu eksik bir yaklaşımdır. Kılavuz kaptanın emniyetli seyir sağlanmasın daki rolu asla küçüksenmemelidir. Ancak, kılavuz kaptanın kazaları bire bir önlemeye yeterli olmadiği açıktır. Kılavuz kaptan ilave emniyet tedbirlerini içeren bir paket içinde değerlendirilmelidir.

NOT

(1) Bu gemiler, trafik ayrım düzeni içinde, ilave emniyet tedbirleri alınmadan kendilerine tahsili trafik ayrım şeridi içinde seyretme imkanına sahip değildir.

(2) Bu gemiler IMO nun belirlediği tüm kural ve konvansyonlara uygun olmak
zorundadırlar

http://denizhukuku.bilgi.edu.tr/

TRAFİK CEZASINA İTİRAZ DİLEKÇESİ

2010-07-08T08:12:00.000-07:00

Bu dilekçeyi, bulunduğnuz yer trafik mahkemesine yoksa trafik mahkemesi olarak görevlendirilmiş Sulh Ceza Mahkemesine ibraz etmeniz gerekir.Dilekçe ile birlikte size tebellüğ edilen ceza tutanağı ile nüfus cüzdanınıda eklemeniz yararınızadır.

Trafik Cezasına İtiraz İçin Dilekçe Örneği İse;

SULH CEZA MAHKEMESİNE
........... (Suç Yeri Mahkemesi)

İTİRAZ EDEN : Tc Kimlik Numarası ve Açık Kimlik Bilgileri isim soyisim baba adı vs. ve adres bilgileri yazılmalıdır. TC Kimlik Numarası Önemli

İtiraza konu tutanağın tanzim tarihi : ....../....../2010

İtiraza konu tutanağın tebellüğ tarihi : ...../...../2010

İtiraz konusu : Suç Yeri (Örn:Kırşehir)Trafik denetleme şube müdürlüğü, .....amirliği`nin .... tarih ..... seri,....sıra no.lu trafik ceza tutanağında yazılı para cezasının iptali hakkında.

AÇIKLAMALALAR :

1- 34 XX 111 tescil plakasına kayıtlı hususi otomobilimin; karayolları trafik kanunu`nun ....maddesi hükmüne istinaden "...." suçunun işlendiği gerekçesiyle gıyabımda kesilen ekte sunulu ...tarihli, toplam ... TL. bedelli trafik cezası tutanağı düzenlenip, .... tarihinde tarafıma tebliğ edilmiştir.

2- Yukarıda bilgileri yazılı trafik ceza tutanağı, aracımın tescil plakasına göre .... tarihinde gıyabımda düzenlenmiş ve tarafıma aylar geçtikten sonra yani ..... tarihinde tebliğ edilmiştir.

"Trafik para cezalarının tahsilinde ve takibinde uygulanacak esas ve usuller ile kullanılacak belgeler hakkında yönetmelik"in "tescil plakasına göre düzenlenen tutanaklar için yapılacaklar işlemler" başlıklı 10. maddesi;

"Karayolları trafik kanununun 116 ncı maddesi hükümleri gereğince,

görevlilerce yetki sınırları içerisinde tescil plakasına göre

düzenlenen tutanaklar;

a) Aracın kayıtlı olduğu kuruluştan arşiv kayıtlarına göre araç sahibi veya işleteni tespit edilerek (birden fazla ise ilk sıradaki) tutanağın boş kalan yerleri doldurularak ilgiliye 7201 sayılı tebligat kanunu hükümleri uyarınca tebliğ edilir ve tutanağın bir nüshası takip ve tahsil için ilgili mal sandığına gönderilir. Tebligat işlemine yedi iş günü içinde başlanır. yapılan tebligatta bu şekilde uygulanan cezalar için, tebliğ tarihinden itibaren yedi gün içinde yetkili

mahkemeye itiraz edebilecekleri belirtilir. İtiraz, ödemeyi ve ödeme ile ilgili süreyi durdurur. ancak itiraz üzerine verilen kararlar kesindir. Hükmünü amirdir.

Söz konusu madde hükmü gereğince, düzenlenen trafik ceza tutanağının muhataba yani tarafıma tebliğ edilmesi işlemine 7 (yedi) gün içinde başlanması gerekmektedir.

Ancak ekte sunulu tutanakta da görüleceği üzere kural ihlalinin yapıldığı iddia edilen tarih ile tebligat tarihi arasında uzun bir zaman bulunmaktadır. Tebligatın ilgili yönetmelik hükmüne göre yapılmadığı aşikârdır. Tutanak ...... tarihinde düzenlenmiştir ve açık yönetmelik hükmüne göre tebligat işlemlerinin en geç ..... tarihine kadar (tutanağın düzenlendiği tarihten sonraki 7.gün) yapılmış olması gerekirken, tutanağın tarafıma aylar sonra tebliğ edilmesi usul ve yasaya aykırılık teşkil eder.

3- Öte yandan, söz konusu ceza tutanağında belirtilmiş olan "......" suçu tarafımdan işlenmemiştir. Tutanağın düzenlendiği tarih aylar öncesi olmakla anayasa`dan kaynaklanan savunma hakkım da kısıtlanmış bulunmaktadır. Söz konusu yönetmeliğe aykırı olarak yapılan tebligat, itiraz etmemdeki haklılık gerekçelerimi de ortadan kaldıracak bir sürede yapılmıştır.

Bu nedenle söz konusu yönetmelik`in 10/a. maddesi de göz önüne alınarak yasaya aykırı olarak tebliğ edilen itiraza konu trafik tutanağında yazılı para cezasının iptaline karar verilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu konuya ilişkin olarak İstanbul 3. sulh ceza mahkemesi`nin
22.05.2006 tarihli, 2006/129 d.iş, 2006/129k. no.lu dosyasından verilen ve ekte sunduğum karar da itirazlarım doğrultusundadır.

SONUÇ VE TALEP : Yukarıda arz ve izah etmeye çalıştığım nedenlerle;

İtirazımın kabulü ile yasalara aykırı olarak düzenlenen trafik ceza tutanağında yazılı para cezasının iptaline karar verilmesini saygılarımla arz ve talep ederim.

itiraz eden
.İsim adres..................

Ekleri :

1- İtiraza konu trafik denetleme şube müdürlüğü, ...... amirliği`nin .... tarih
....seri,... sıra no.lu trafik ceza tutanağı fotokopisi.

2- ..... plakalı aracıma ait iki adet ruhsat fotokopisi.

3- Nüfus cüzdanı sureti.

şeklindeki örnek bir dilekçeyi kendinize uyarlayarak dava açabilirsiniz.

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