The History Cellar

Photograph of the children of President James Garfield

2009-11-12T15:40:00.003-05:00

Below is a photograph of the children of President James A. Garfield. According to the Library of Congress it was taken sometime between 1865 and 1880. Garfield was shot on July 2, 1881, and died on September 19, 1881.

1878 Social Status of DEADWOOD SD

2009-11-11T14:40:00.003-05:00

This article comes from The Laramie Daily Sentinel dated March 13th 1878. It is transcribed below. As a frame of reference, the Gem Variety Theater was opened in April of 1877 by Al Swearengen. Also a fire on September 26, 1879, destroyed the town. According to HBO, the last season of "Deadwood" ended in the middle of 1877.

The social atmosphere of Deadwood and suburban camps has experienced a great change during the last six months. Deadwood is not the town of a year ago. It's gambling halls, dance halls, house of ill fame and disorderly characters have dwindled in numbers, and their business has decreased so greatly that a comparison with a town in the interior of the Empire State would not be malapropism. If there has been a period in the history of the people when a revolver was considered a necessary article of personal appendage, or that the necessity for its use was likely to arise at any moment, that time has passed, and now a person may walk the streets of Deadwood at any hour of the day or night and enjoy as great immunity from molestation as though perambulating the streets of New York. Society is large and highly respectable. Merchants, professional men and miners have bought out their families, until now the exceptional man is he who is here alone. Churches has sprung into existence in every camp on the Hills - Deadwood having two - and services are largely attended. Schoolhouses have been erected and are well supplied with tutors. Two daily papers and five weeklies publish the news from all parts of the world as brought in by telegraph, and the sheets will favorably compare with any published elsewhere in cities of equal size to Deadwood. Three daily stage lines afford ample means of egress and ingress, and bring mails only four days from Chicago. Well organized fire and police departments, very efficient county and United States Courts, as well as a full compliment of efficient county officers are among the other benevolent provisions of the people.

Other Deadwood posts:

The new History Cellar newsletter - send your content!

2009-11-11T11:13:00.004-05:00

Hi everyone! We are starting a new email newsletter that will contain blog posts from many of our subscribers every week. THERE WILL BE NO SPAM. The first issue will be sent December 1st 2009. If interested please click HERE and make sure to add your blog website if you want articles considered for the newsletter. You can also add a site you feel that is worthy for consideration. We can't use all of them on every send obviously but we will do our best to get you into a issue as long as it is quality content. Hope that you join us! OVER 500 SUBSCRIBERS SO FAR!

1910 Odd Photo of a Performance "Good Nite"

2009-11-08T19:14:00.005-05:00

This is a interesting photo I found in a box from around 1900-1910. What this is about I have no idea, maybe some out there does. You can see that written on the bottom of the photo was "Good nite...." What is it? It looks as though that the woman on the left is holding a broom.

1843 Yellow Fever cure with mustard and tea

2009-11-05T09:49:00.006-05:00

Dr. Holt's prescription for the treatment of yellow fever ... D. Holt, M. D. New- Orleans, October 1, 1843. According to this doctor, drinking a lot of tea, Castor oil, and soaking your feet with some mustard will do the trick. It was not until 1881 that it was discovered that it was transmitted mostly by mosquitoes, and vaccines were made available in the 1930's. This pamphlet is transcribed below.

One who has not had yellow fever, and is apprehensive that he may have been exposed to its cause by a residence after midsummer, in a city where yellow fever is often epidemic if attacked a few weeks after such exposure, would reasonably suppose it to be an attack of yellow fever. If attacked with a chill, attended with violent head-ache, soon followed by severe pain of the back, and, in some cases, of the limbs also— prudence would dictate an immediate recourse to an appropriate method of treating yellow fever.

Let the patient at once take his bed and he covered with blankets. As soon as it can be done, have the orange leaves drawn in two or three pints of boiling water, and give a cup of orange leaf tea, sweetened to suit the taste, every fifteen or twenty minutes; at the same time have the feet immersed in a hot foot bath from fifteen to thirty minutes, or until the patient is in a free perspiration. This free perspiration immediately succeeding the chill, attended with much febrile heat and much pain, I regard as a distinguishing symptom of yellow fever. Mustard, though not essential, is a good addition to the foot bath.

When the chill is entirely off, the foot bath having been used and the tea given, let the patient rest quietly for half an hour. if then his hands and feet are about as hot as his body, give him the powder mixed with water, in a table spoon, and let him drink some water after it if he choose.

If the hands and feet remain comparatively cool, and the pulse small, you must delay giving the powder a while longer, until the reaction is more complete. Having given the powder, let the patient remain undisturbed for eight hours, giving only a little weak orange leaf tea or a little water at his request, which should be of the atmospheric temperature if the weather is warm, and a little above it if cool.

Six hours after giving the powder, let the senna and manna be put to draw in a pint of boiling water, and in two hours — that is, eight hours after giving the powder—give a fourth part of the senna tea, and repeat the dose every half hour until it be all taken, or until it excites copious purging.

The covering of the patient should be so regulated, as to make him comfortable; and when he may have occasion to rise to the vessel, he should be gently aided; and as soon as he is up, a cloak or blanket should be thrown over his shoulders. Too much care cannot be taken to avoid a check of perspiration; and that the feet may not be exposed to a sudden change on rising, it will be prudent to spread a wool rug or blanket by the bed side, on which to set the vessel.

About the time that the senna tea is made, let a third part of the pearl barley be thoroughly washed in cold water, and put to boil in about six pints of water, and when it has boiled down to four pints, have it poured into an earthen vessel, and kept in the patient’s room, to be used as his constant drink from the time his medicine begins to operate. Some of the barley water may be sweetened with loaf sugar if the patient desire it, and he may be indulged in a little water, as directed above.

Twenty-four hours after giving the senna tea, give a full dose of Castor oil. A good method of giving the oil, is to drop on a lump of sugar, of the size of a nutmeg, eight or ten drops of the essence of peppermint, dissolve it in a table spoonful of hut water, add four table spoonful of oil, stir it together and give it.

When the oil operates, aid and nurse the patient as directed above. Have fresh barley water made, and let him by no means take into his stomach any thing stronger or more nutritious than barley water.

By the end of the next twenty-four hours, the fever will have subsided. Half a seidlitz powder may then be given in a little less than half a tumbler of water, of the atmospheric temperature, well sweetened and in half an hour give the other half adding the acid in its dry state, and stirring it round once just as the patient is ready to drink it. The remaining barley may be now made into a light barley broth, by adding a squab of a part of a chicken; and after it is prepared season with salt to suit the taste of the convalescent.

From the Library of Congress.

1904 Philadelphia Phillies photograph at West Side Grounds

2009-10-29T21:07:00.002-04:00

Group portrait of Philadelphia Phillies baseball team, posed in front of grandstand at West Side Grounds. Courtesy of the Library of Congress. Dated 1904.

John McGraw calls 1927 Yankees 'not a smart club'

2009-10-26T11:00:00.006-04:00

Sterling Daily Gazette - Sterling, Illinois - September 28th 1927

YANKS DEPEND ON HITTING AND LACK SMARTNESS

Jack Dempsey's only chance in the Tunney fight depended on the old sock and as a matter of official record it failed him.

Everyone knew that Dempsey could hit harder than Tunney and it was as generally agreed that Tunney was a better boxer and a smarter strategist than Dempsey. And in this particular instance the brain proved better than the blow.

The same logic that brains are better than might without brains is being applied to the dope on the coming world's series between the New York Yankees and the National League pennant winners.

The hitting power of the Yankees is recognized and respected in the National League but the brain power of the club is being disputed.

John McGraw, manager of the New York Giants, has gone on public record with the opinion that the Yankees are not a smart ball club and that they depend entirely upon the old sock. McGraw hasn't expressed any opinion about the coming series but he, as well as some other National League managers is said to believe that the Pittsburgh Pirates, the St. Louis Cardinals, or the Giants could beat the American League champions.

Only weeks later, the 1927 Yankees destroyed the Pittsburgh Pirates in four straight to become champions. The 1927 Yankees were considered to this day one of the greatest teams ever.

1840 New York & Boston rivalry going strong

2009-10-20T12:47:00.006-04:00

Even in the 1840's there was a Boston - New York rivalry. From "Diary of America"
written by Frederick Marryat.

Another difficulty and cause of misrepresentation is, that travelers are not aware of the jealousy existing between the inhabitants of the different states and cities. The eastern states pronounce the southerners to be choleric, reckless, regardless of law, and indifferent as to religion; while the southerners designate the eastern states as a nursery of overreaching peddlers, selling clocks and wooden nutmegs. This running into extremes is produced from the clashing of their interests as producers and manufacturers. Again, Boston turns up her erudite nose at New York; Philadelphia, in her pride, looks down upon both New York and Boston; while New York, clinking her dollars, swears the Bostonian's are a parcel of puritanical prigs, and the Philadelphian's would-be aristocracy. A western man from Kentucky, when at the Tremont House in Boston, begged me particularly not to pay attention to what they said of his state in that quarter. Both a Virginian and Tennessean, when I was at New York did the same.

At Boston, I was drinking champagne at a supper. “Are you drinking champagne?” said a young Bostonian. “That’s New York—take claret; or, if you will drink champagne, pour it into a green glass, and they will think it hock; champagne is not right.” How are we to distinguish between right and wrong in this queer world? At New York, they do drink a great deal of champagne; it is the small beer of the dinner-table. Champagne become associated with New York, and therefore is not right. I will do the New Yorkers the justice to say, that, as far as drinks are concerned, they are above prejudice: all’s right with them, provided there’s enough of it.

The above remarks will testify, that travellers in America have great difficulties to contend with, and that their channels of information have been chiefly those of the drawing-room or dinner-table. Had I worked through the same, I should have found then very difficult of access; for the Americans had determined that they would no longer extend their hospitality to those who returned it with ingratitude—nor can they be blamed. Let us reverse the case. Were not the doors of many houses in England shut against an American author, when from his want of knowledge of conventional usage, he published what never should have appeared in print! And should another return to England, after his tetchy, absurd remarks upon the English, is there much chance of his receiving a kind welcome? Most assuredly not; both these authors will be received with caution. The Americans, therefore, are not only not to blame, but would prove themselves very deficient in a proper respect for themselves, if they again admitted into their domestic circles those who eventually requited them with abuse.

Admitting this, of course I have no feelings of ill-will toward them for any want of hospitality toward me; on the contrary, I was pleased with the neglect, as it left me free, and unshackled from any real or fancied claims which the Americans might have made upon me on that score. Indeed, I had not been three weeks in the country before I decided upon accepting no more invitations, even charily as they were made. I found that, although invited, my presence was a restraint upon the company; every one appeared afraid to speak; and when anything ludicrous occurred, the cry would be—“Oh, now. Captain Marryat, don’t put that into your book.” More than once, when I happened to be in large parties, a question such as follows would be put to me by some “free and enlightened individual”.

1819 Advertisement for New Haven CT Church Bell Factory

2009-10-18T20:51:00.007-04:00

From the Columbian Register dated May 15th 1819, here is a advertisement from New Haven CT, for a bell foundry, making church bells of all sizes - 50 to 500 pounds!

If your interested in purchasing this newspaper - click here!

1817 Boston Astrologer Advertisement for 50 cents!

2009-10-13T10:16:00.005-04:00

From a Boston newspaper dated 1817. I believe this was located (Nashua street) somewhere around the Boston Garden.

THE SEER. (actual article below)

Professor Lister, the celebrated Astrologer, respectfully intimates to his friends and the public generally, that his stay in this city is positively short; therefore those desirous of having a statement of their destiny had better make an immediate application. Prof L. uses no mysterious means whereby to deceive the public, but gives his results from the application of science whose rules are infallible, was it not so it would have been trampled under foot centuries ago. From the position of the planets at the time of birth he will state every principal even through life from birth up to the period of death, as can be testified by thousands of the elite and scientific in this city during his twelve months stay, since his arrival from the West Indies. Also advice will be given upon any transient affair, such as sickness, if recoverable or not; or absent parties, whether dead or alive, or any other question of a similar character can be stated without time of birth. But to have a full description through life the time of birth must be known, and the more correct will be the Astrologer's statement. Fee 50 cents.

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FORTUNE MAGAZINE - February 1940
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Baseball Digest LOT (9) NEW YORK YANKEES 1975-1985
1838 Newspaper: Fort Micapony - USS CONSTITUTION
FORTUNE MAGAZINE - JUNE 1951
1946 ENCYCLOPEDIA MIDDLEBURIA - Middlebury College VT
1816 Newspaper: Chilicothe OH - Sandwich Islands
ORIGINAL 1960's Photo of Ted & Joan Kennedy at Church
1950's Bar Harbor ME & Mount Desert Island Travel Guide

Record of football deaths and injuries in 1900

2009-10-06T14:26:00.004-04:00

From a Quincy Illinois newspaper dated 1900, here is a list of current fatalities and major injuries from playing the sport of football that year. Players are from Asheville NC, Lake Forest IL, Englewood CA, Chicago IL, Hartford City IN, Philadelphia PA, Washington DC, San Fransisco CA, Boston MA, Johnstown PA and Lowell MA.

According to the National Center for Catastrophic Injury Research, the amount of deaths in football in 1968 was 36. From 1987 to 2008 the amount of deaths in the US was in single digits. You can see the complete chart here.

1885 Proclamation of General Grant’s death

2009-10-03T22:19:00.005-04:00

GENERAL GRANT died at Mt. McGregor on Thursday morning at 8:08 o’clock. His end was peaceful and painless. Throughout Wednesday afternoon he failed rapidly, and his family were all with him expecting his death. After midnight the chill at his extremities rapidly increased, and local applications were made to restore warmth, but with little effect. Hypodermic injections of brandy were frequently given. The General lay upon a bed in the parlor supported by two pillows and surrounded by his friends. At 3 o’clock Colonel Fred Grant asked: “Do you want anything, father ?” and the General whispered huskily, “Water.” This was his last articulate utterance, though he seemed to retain consciousness for some time afterward. Later in the morning hours some members of the family and his physicians left his room for short time. A few minutes after 8 o’clock they were hastily summoned back to the chamber of death.

The news was immediately telegraphed throughout the land. Bells were tolled everywhere, mourning symbols were displayed along the streets, and flags in all cities were at half-mast. Everywhere expressions of sorrow were visible. Telegrams of sympathy from President Cleveland, Governor Hill, and many distinguished men poured in upon the bereaved family at Mt. McGregor. The President immediately issued a proclamation in which he said: “The destined end has come at last, and his spirit has returned to the Creator who sent it forth. The great heart of the nation that followed him, when living, with love and pride, bows now in sorrow above him dead, tenderly mindful of his virtues, his great patriotic services, and of the loss occasioned by his death.” Governor Hill issued a similar proclamation.

In London the news created a profound impression. Mr. Gladstone and John Bright were both much affected. The former wrote the following message of sympathy: “Mr. Gladstone has heard with regret the sad news of General Grant’s death. He ventures to assure the bereaved family of the sympathy he feels with them in their affliction at the loss of one who had rendered his country such signal services as a General and a statesman.” Memorial services will be held in Westminster Abbey on August 4.

The London Times on Friday said: “With all his faults General Grant loomed larger the people’s eye than any of his rivals or contemporaries. If his nature was of metal of far more mixed than that of the founder the Republic, as even his warmest admirers must admit, it may be fairly pleaded that he was in this only the creature of his time. is faults were those of his age and country, the military qualities on which the fortunes his country at the critical moment depended were his own.”

On Friday afternoon General Grant’s family accepted the oilier of the Mayor and Aldermen of New York city to afford a final resting-place for the dead General in Central Park. Before his death General Grant had indicated New York, Illinois, or West Point as places where he would like to be buried, his one condition being that provision was to be made that Mrs. Grant, at the last, should be buried by his side. This has been agreed to by the blew York authorities.

It has been arranged that the following shall be the program the obsequies: The body on Tuesday, August 4, will be taken to Albany, and will lie in state until noon the next day, when it will be taken to New York. From the time of arrival - New York on Wednesday afternoon until Saturday, August 8, the body will lie in state at the City Hall. The public services will take place on Saturday, at such time as the civic authorities may arrange, and the interment will then follow in Central Park.

1947 SAROLEA MOTORCYCLE Advertisement

2009-10-03T21:59:00.002-04:00

1860's THE TEXAN CRUISER A TALE OF THE MEXICAN WAR

2009-09-28T09:53:00.006-04:00

EXCERPT from "THE TEXAN CRUISER - or - CALYPSO THE WANDERER." A TALE OF THE MEXICAN WAR. From The Novelette dated 1863.

The pirate’s eyes flashed fire. Naturally reckless and impetuous, this provocation startled the last lingering passion into action; the loss of Irene bad irritated him enough to make him angry; and now, believing as he did that the man before him had used some effort to get the girl away, he-could contain himself no longer. And he was not very far out of the way in most of his suspicions. St. Mare had hoped that Tudel might never get the maiden’s hand, and he had shown his feelings so plainly, that a man with less wit than the pirate possessed might have read them. A few moments Tudel gazed his companion steadily in the face. He was very pale, and his lip quivered with passion.

“Antonio St. Mare,” he said, in a low, hoarse whisper, ‘now mark me—since I have been in the city this last time, you have shown plainly that you hoped I should not gain possession of Irene’s hand; you were sorry that the Yankees did not keep and hang me; you cannot deny this.:

“I shall not deny it,” interposed St. Mare. “And,” resumed Tudel, seeming not to have noticed the remark, “last night you went in to see her, and this morning you arose and ate your breakfast, and went out without further inquiring for her as you had always done before. And you had a good reason for so doing. You knew she was gone, and you meant not that pursuit should be instituted too soon. Now, senor— where is she?”

St. Mare’s only reply was an oath of defiance. “That’s your game, eh’?” uttered Tndel, advancing a step. “Miserable traitor, try that and see—” The concluding part of the sentence was swallowed up in a fierce gasp of rage. St. Mare raised his arm, but he could not defend his face from the blow. The pirate’s clenched fist came down upon his temple, and felled him to the floor.

“There, St. Mare, that’s but a beginning of what you’ll get if you don’t bring Irene back’ And with these words Jilok Tudel strode from the apartment. It was some moments after the pirate had gone, before St. Mare arose to his feet - and then his first impulse was to rush after the man who had struck him; but he checked himself, and paced up and down the apartment. His head felt dizzy, and a dull pain followed a fell return of consciousness. He had just concluded to go to his chamber and lie down for a while, when one of his servants announced that a man wished to see him, at the same time handing him a card.

“Show him in”

Old & Historical Taverns of Boston Massachusetts

2009-09-18T11:44:00.009-04:00

THE TAVERNS OF BOSTON IN YE OLDEN TIME.

BY DAVID M. BALFOUR.
THE BAY STATE MONTHLY - A Massachusetts Magazine.
VOL. II. NOVEMBER, 1884. No. 2.

The first tavern in Boston was kept by Samuel Coles. It was opened in March, 1633, and stood near the south-west corner of Merchants row and Corn court, with an area in front on Merchants row and also on Fanueil Hall square, which in latter days have been covered with buildings. It was destroyed by fire during the early part of the eighteenth century, and the older portion of the present edifice was erected in 1737, which has been enlarged on the northerly side. It was towards the close of the last century known as the "Brazier Inn," and was kept by a widow lady of that name. It is now known as the "Hancock House," and is kept by a stalwart Scotchman named Alexander Clarkson. Gov. Vane held a council in the south-westerly room in the second story with Miantonomoh, the Narragansett chief. The same room was subsequently occupied by Lafayette in 1773, and afterwards by Talleyrand in 1798.

The State Arms Tavern was built in 1645, and stood on the south-east corner of State and Exchange streets. It was occupied as the custom-house just before the Revolution.

The Star Inn was built in 1645, and stood on the north-east corner of Hanover and Union streets. It was first kept by Thomas Hawkins, and afterwards by Andrew Neal, a Scotchman. The Scots' Charitable Society, of which the landlord was a member, frequently held its meetings there.

The Roebuck Tavern was built in 1650. It stood on the east side of Merchants row, between Clinton and North streets. It was believed to have been built by a descendant of Richard Whittington, the Lord Mayor of London in 1419, who was famed for his love of cats.

The Ship Tavern was built in 1651, and stood on North street, just beyond the corner of Fleet street. John Vyall kept it in 1663, and it was at one time called "Noah's Ark." The peace commissioners sent over by Charles II. held their sessions there. It was demolished in 1866.

The King's Arms Tavern was built in 1654, and stood on the southeast corner of Washington and Brattle streets, opposite the Samuel Adams statue.

The Red Lion Tavern stood on the north-west corner of North and Richmond streets. It was built in 1654, and kept by Nicholas Upsall, a Quaker, who was persecuted, imprisoned, and banished for his faith. Near this spot the devastating fire of November 27, 1676, broke out in one Wakefield's house.

The Blue Anchor Tavern stood on the site of No. 254 Washington street. It was built in 1664, and kept by George Monck.

The Blue Anchor Tavern (the second of that name) was built in 1665, and stood on Brattle street, upon the site which was afterwards Doolittle's City Tavern. It was first kept by Robert Turner, and was noted for its punch, and was a favorite resort of public men.

The Blue Bell Tavern was built in 1673, and stood on the north-west corner of Batterymarch street and Liberty square; a portion of the Mason building now occupies its site. It was kept by Nathaniel Bishop, and afterwards by Alleric & Drury. In 1692 it was called the Castle Tavern, and ceased to be an inn after 1707.

The Castle Tavern (the second of that name) stood on the south-west corner of Dock square and Elm street. It was erected by William Hudson in 1674, and kept by John Wing in 1687, who gave his name to the street. In 1694 it was called the George Tavern.

The King's Head Tavern was built in 1680, and stood at the northeast corner of North and Fleet streets. It was burnt in 1691, and afterwards rebuilt. It was kept by James Davenport in 1755.

The Seven Star Inn stood, in 1684, on the south-west corner of Summer and Hawley streets. It gave its name to the lane which was afterwards called Bishop's alley. Here, in 1736, was erected of wood the first edifice of Trinity Church. The land, which originally contained 15,000 square feet, was bought of John Gibbins and William Speakman for £450. This edifice was demolished in 1828 and a stone structure erected in 1830, which was burnt in the great fire, November 8, 1872. The site, after having its proportions curtailed, in order to widen Summer and Hawley streets, containing 7,126 square feet, was sold to William D. Peckman, in 1874, for $194,402.

The Sun Tavern stood on the southwest corner of Dock and Faneuil Hall squares. It was built in 1690, and was kept by Samuel Mears in 1724, and by Day in 1753. It was conveyed by Thomas Valentine in 1741 for £2,475 ($8,250); and by Joseph Jackson in 1794 for £1,333-6-8 ($4,444); and by E.P. Arnold in 1865 for $20,000. The Scots' Charitable Society frequently held its meetings there. It was the head-quarters of the British officers during the siege. It is the oldest building in Boston.

The Queen's Head Tavern stood at the north-west corner of North and Clark streets. It was built in 1691.

The Green Dragon Inn was built in 1692. It was first kept by Alexander Smith, who died in 1696, and was succeeded by Hannah Bishop, who was next succeeded by John Cary. In 1734 Joseph Kidder was its landlord. In 1764 it was conveyed Catharine Kerr, sister to Dr. William Douglas, to St. Andrew's Lodge of Freemasons. It was a hospital during the Revolution. It was the head-quarters of Joseph Warren, John Hancock, Samuel Adams, James Otis, Paul Revere, and other patriots, during the Revolution. It was called the Green Dragon Tavern after the Revolution, and at one time the Freemasons' Arms. Daniel Simpson, the veteran drummer, was at one time its landlord. The Scots' Charitable Society frequently held its meetings there. The Green Dragon building, extending through from Union to (new) Washington street, now denotes its site.

The Salutation Inn stood on the north-west corner of Hanover and Salutation streets. It was built by John Brooking in 1692, and sold to Sir William Phips. John Scollay kept it in 1697, who was succeeded by Samuel Green in 1731. It became famous, later, when William Campbell kept it in 1773, when it was a rallying-place for the patriots who gave rise to the word "Caucus." The resolutions for the destruction of the tea in Boston Harbor were drawn up there. It was also called the "Two Palaverers," from the representation upon the sign of two old gentlemen in wigs, cocked hats, and knee-breeches, saluting each other with much ceremony.

The Golden Bull Tavern was built in 1693, and stood on the south-east corner of Merchants row and Chatham street. It was kept in 1752 by Marston.

The Black Horse Tavern was built in 1700, and stood on the west side of Prince street, which in former days was called Black Horse lane, and Salem street. It was noted as a hiding-place for deserters from Burgoyne's army when stationed at Cambridge.

The Half Moon Inn was built in 1705, and stood on the north-west corner of Fleet and Sun court streets. It was kept in 1752 by Deborah Chick.

The Swan Tavern was built in 1707, and stood at the north-east corner of Fleet and North streets.

The Orange Tree Inn was built in 1708, and stood on the north-east corner of Court and Hanover streets during the Provincial period. White it was kept by Jonathan Wardwell, in 1712, he set up the first hackney-coach stand. His widow kept it in 1724. It was demolished in 1785. It was noted for having a well of water which never froze or dried up.

The Bull Tavern was built in 1713, and stood on the south-west corner of Summer and Federal streets. It was there that sundry inhabitants at the South End met and formed the project to erect a church on Church green, which was called the "New South," and presided over for a long series of years by Rev. Alexander Young, D.D.

The Light House Tavern was built in 1717, and stood on the south side of King (State) street, on the north-west corner of Devonshire street, opposite the Town House (Old State House). It is not impossible that it may have been standing there in 1742. There was also another tavern of the same name at the North End in 1763, from which the "Portsmouth Flying Stage" started every Saturday morning. It carried six passengers inside; fare 13s. 6d. sterling ($3.25); to, 9s. ($2.17). Returning, left Portsmouth on Tuesday.

The Marlboro' Hotel was built in 1708, and took its name from the street In front, and was the first public house in Boston dignified with the name of "Hotel." John C. Calhoun lodged there, while Secretary of War, upon his only visit to Boston, in 1818. McNiel Seymour was its landlord in 1820. He afterwards became landlord of the Atlantic Hotel, opposite the Bowling Green in New York. It had a stable in the rear which accommodated the Providence line of stages. The site of the stable was afterwards occupied by the Lowell Institute building. Agassiz, Lyell, Tyndall, Price, and other scientists, delivered lectures there. Its walls have also resounded with the eloquence of John Quincy Adams, Daniel Webster, Edward Everett, Rufus Choate, Charles Sumner, Bayard Taylor, William Lloyd Garrison, James T. Fields, and other famous men. Lafayette was given a banquet at the Marlboro' upon his visit to Boston, in 1824. The Scots' Charitable Society frequently held its meetings there. About a generation ago it changed its name to the Marlboro' House, and it was conducted on temperance principles. Hon. Henry Wilson, Vice-President of the United States, made it his stopping-place while in the city. The elegant Hemenway building now occupies its site.

The Cross Tavern was erected in 1709, and stood on the north-west corner of North and Cross streets.

The Crown Coffee House stood on the south-west corner of State street and Chatham row, and was built in 1710 by Gov. Belcher; and Mrs. Anna Swords was its first landlord, and she was succeeded in 1751 by Robert Shelcock. The Scots' Charitable Society frequently held its meetings there.

The Bunch of Grapes Tavern was built in 1713, and stood on the north-west corner of State and Kilby streets. Its first landlord was Francis Holmes, who was succeeded in 1731 by William Coffin, by Joshua Barker in 1749, and by Col. Joseph Ingersoll in 1764. It was noted as being the best "punch-house" in Boston. Lafayette was a guest there in 1774. In front of it, on the 4th of August, 1806, Charles Austin was killed by Thomas O. Selfridge in self-defence. The Scots' Charitable Society frequently held its meetings there.

The George Tavern was built in 1720, and stood on the north-west corner of Washington and Northampton streets. It afforded shelter for the patriots in annoying the British during the siege. Its extensive orchard and gardens comprised seventeen acres, and extended south to Roxbury street, and west to Charles river, which, until the modern Back Bay improvement, extended to the west side of Tremont street. The General Court, as well as some of the law courts, sat there prior to 1730. The American post was located there in 1775, which was burnt by the British at night in July of that year. It was near that spot, in 1824, when Lafayette visited Boston, a triumphal arch was thrown across Washington street, bearing the couplet, written by Charles Sprague,—

We bow not the neck, we bend not the knee.

But our hearts, LAFAYETTE! we surrender to thee.

The Royal Exchange Tavern was built in 1726, and stood on the south-west corner of State and Exchange, the site of the Merchants' Bank building. It gave its name to the street on its easterly side. Luke Vardy was its first landlord, who was succeeded in 1747 by Robert Stone. It was in this building, in 1728, that the altercation began which ended in the first duel fought in Boston, when Benjamin Woodbridge was killed by Henry Phillips. The Scots' Charitable Society frequently held its meetings there.

The Old Mansion House was built in 1732, and stood on the south side of Milk street, between Hawley and Arch streets, on the site of the Bowdoin building. It stood a little back from the street, with large American elms in front, and was a stopping place for old stage lines. Hon. Robert C. Winthrop was born there, and Hon. Henry Dearborn occupied it at the time of his decease.

The Blue Anchor Tavern (the third of that name) was built in 1735, and stood on the north-east corner of Water and Batterymarch streets. It was kept by Joseph Wilson.

The British Coffee House was built in 1741, and stood on the site of No. 66 State street, afterwards occupied by the Massachusetts Bank. It was kept, in 1762, by Ballard, and was largely patronized by British officers. The repeal of the Stamp Act was celebrated there in 1767. The eloquent James Otis was assaulted in it by a British gang, and an injury was inflicted upon his head, which rendered him insane for a long time. The Scots' Charitable Society frequently held its meetings there. Its name was changed to American Coffee House in 1776.

The Cromwell's Head Tavern was built it 1751, and is still standing on the north side of School street, upon the site of No. 13, where Mrs. Harrington deals out coffee and mince pie to her customers. Lieut.-Col. GEORGE WASHINGTON lodged there in 1756, while upon a visit to Gov. Shirley, to consult with him upon business connected with the French war. It was first kept by Anthony Brackett.

The Admiral Vernon Tavern was built in 1743, and stood on the south-east corner of State street and Merchants row, and was first kept by Richard Smith. The Scots' Charitable Society frequently held its meetings there.

The Sun Tavern (the second of that name) was built in 1757, and stood on the east side of Washington street, nearly opposite Cornhill, and was first kept by James Day, and was a popular resort of the Sons of Liberty.

The Julien House was built in 1759, and stood on the north-west corner of Milk and Congress streets, formerly the site of an old tannery. It was first kept by Jean Baptiste Julien, a French refugee. It was the resort of the bon vivants of the town in former days. It is narrated of him that, upon the occasion of a recherche dinner, one of the guests complained that the viands were not sufficiently high-seasoned. "Eh bien" said Julien, "put a leetle more de peppaire." He died in 1805, and he was succeeded by his widow, and afterwards by Rouillard, until 1823, when it was demolished, and supplanted by Julien, afterwards Congress Hall. Miss Frances Ann Wright delivered lectures there in 1829.

The White Horse Tavern stood on the north-west corner of Washington Boylston streets. It was first kept by Joseph Morton.

The Bull's Head Tavern was built in 1774, and stood on the north-east corner of Congress and Water streets, the site, for several years prior to 1830, of the post-office, Merchants' Hall, and Topliff's Reading-room, and now occupied by the Massachusetts and Shawmut banks, and called the Howe building.

Concert Hall stood at the south-east corner of Hanover and Court streets. It was built in 1750, and was at one time occupied by the Deblois family. It was first occupied as a public house in 1791. It was famous for political meetings, fashionable dancing parties, and public exhibitions. Madrel exhibited his chess-player, conflagration of Moscow, and other wonderful pieces of mechanism there. The famous Belgian giant, Bihin, exhibited himself there. He was a well-proportioned man, and such was his height that the historian Motley stood under his armpits. Amherst Eaton was its landlord in the early days of the century. It was kept of late years by Peter B. Brigham, and was demolished in 1868, in order to widen Hanover street. The Scots' Charitable Society frequently held its meetings there.

The Lamb Tavern was built in 1745, and stood on the west side of Washington street, just beyond the corner of West street. Colonel Doty kept it in 1760, who was succeeded by Edward Kingman in 1826, and by Laban Adams, in whose honor the Adams House was named and opened in 1846. It was a popular resort of the country members of the Legislature.

The Lion Tavern was built in 1793, and stood just north of the Lamb Tavern, and occupied the site of the building for several years known as the Melodeon. In 1835 the tavern was converted into the Lion Theatre, which had a short-lived existence. It was then purchased by the Handel and Haydn Society, and occupied for musical purposes, lectures, and other entertainments. Rev. Theodore Parker began lecturing there soon after the famous South Boston sermon upon the transient and permanent in Christianity.

The North End Coffee House was built in 1782, and stood on the north-west corner of North and Fleet streets. It was kept by the grandfather of the Illustrious David D. Porter.

The Bite Tavern was built in 1795, and stood in Faneuil Hall square, a little west of Change avenue. James M. Stevens was its last landlord. It was a favorite resort of market-men, and ceased to be a public house about a quarter of a century ago.

Holland's Coffee House was built in 1800, in Howard street, near Court street. It was afterwards called the Howard Street House, and kept by William Gallagher, whose tomb "erected by those connected with him by no tie of kindred, who knew, loved, and honored him," stands on Primrose Path in Mt. Auburn. It was afterwards called the Pemberton House. It was a favorite resort of literary, dramatic, and musical people. The Scots' Charitable Society frequently held its meetings there. It was destroyed by fire in 1854, and the site was occupied for a short time by a wooden circular structure called Father Miller's Tabernacle, which, in turn, was burnt, when the Howard Athenæum rose upon its site.

The Eastern Stage House was built in 1806, and upon the site of No. 90 North street. It was from that spot that the first stage-coach in America started, in 1660, for Portsmouth (N.H.). It was first kept by Col. Ephraim Wildes, and afterwards by his son, Moses. It was built of brick, three stories high, and entered by a flight of steps, and contained sixty rooms. It was the most extensive stage rendezvous in Boston, accommodating the stages to Portsmouth, Portland, Bangor, and Maine, generally. The stages entered its spacious court-yard under an arch leading from North street. After an existence of forty years, it was demolished to make room for commercial improvements.

Earl's Coffee House was built in 1807, and was located at No. 24 Hanover street, upon the site, in part, of the present American House. It was kept by Hezekiah Earl, and was the head-quarters of the New York, Albany, and other stage lines.

Wilde's Tavern was built in the same year, and was located on the north-east corner of (new) Washington and Elm streets. It was demolished in 1874 to make room for the Washington-street extension.

Doolittle's City Tavern was also built in 1807, and stood on the north-west corner of (new) Washington and Brattle streets. It was the head-quarters of the Providence line of stages. It was demolished in 1874 to make room for the improvement before alluded to.

The Exchange Coffee House was built in 1808, and stood on Congress street, upon the site of the present Howard Bank building, and at the time of its erection was the largest house of public entertainment in the United States. It extended through to Devonshire street, with an entrance on State street. It bounded 132 feet on Congress street, with a depth of 94 feet and upwards. It covered an area of 12,753 square feet, was seven stories in height, surmounted with a dome 101 feet in diameter. It had 210 apartments. Its erection was begun in 1805, and occupied two and a half years in construction. Commodore Hull, after capturing the Guerrière in 1812, had a public dinner given him there. The Grand Lodge of Freemasons, and some subordinate lodges, had their head-quarters there. The Scots' Charitable Society frequently held its meetings there. It was destroyed by fire in 1818, rebuilt in 1822, with contracted dimensions, and in 1853 was demolished to give place to the City Exchange on Congress square and Devonshire street. James Wilson, the last of the town-criers, had his office in the Bell-in-Hand Tavern in the basement. At the time of the fire Hon. Henry Clay was a guest in the house, and worked bravely at the engine brakes. Hon. David Crockett, a famous member of Congress from Tennessee, lodged there during his visit to Boston in 1834. He addressed an audience from the eastern portico of the Old State House, and in expatiating upon the prospects of the country, predicted that it would extend within a score of years from the Atlantic to the "Specific." Among his witty sayings will be remembered,—"Be you're right then go ahead." He died in 1841, fighting for Texan independence. It was kept in former days by Col. James Hamilton, afterwards by William Gallagher, Hart Davenport, and lastly by McGill & Fearing.

Washington Hotel was built in 1809, and stood in Bromfield street. It subsequently took the name of Indian Queen, and latterly Bromfield House. Selden Crockett was its last landlord. It ceased to be a public house about a dozen years since.

The Elm Street Hotel was built in 1812, and stood on the north-west corner of (new) Washington and (No. 9) Elm streets. It was kept by Hart Davenport. Its yard was obliterated in 1874 to make room for the Washington-street extension, and the building in 1882 for a site for commercial purposes.

The Massachusetts House was built in 1816, and still stands on the south-west corner of Endicott and Cross streets. It is a favorite resort of horse-jockeys and horse-fanciers.

Forster's Coffee House was built in 1817, and stood on the corner of Court and Howard streets. The Scots' Charitable Society frequently held its meetings there.

The Commercial Coffee House stood on the north-east corner of Milk and Batterymarch streets. It was built in 1817, and stood on the site of Hallowell's shipyard. It was kept by William Merriam in 1829, John Low in 1837, Col. Whitney in 1844, and lastly, in 1848, by James Longley, when it ceased to be a public house, and gave place to the Thorndike building. The preliminary meeting of the Mercantile Library Association was held there in 1820. It was a favorite resort of Eastern people.

Washington Hotel (the second of that name) was erected in 1819, and stood on the north-west corner of Washington street and Worcester place. It was kept in 1836, and for a few years succeeding, by Amherst Eaton. The Washington House was built in 1820, and stood on the site of the present Washington market, on the south-west corner of Washington and Lenox streets. The Messrs. Cooley kept it, and it was a favorite resort for sleighing parties.

In 1821 William Fenno opened a tavern in Cornhill square, and afterwards on the east side of Theatre alley (Devonshire street), near the corner of Franklin, adjoining what was the site of the (old) Boston Theatre, and latterly in Province street, near the south-easterly corner of Bromfield street.

The Stackpole House was built in 1732, and was the mansion of William Stackpole, a noted Boston merchant. It stood on the north-east corner of Milk and Devonshire streets, and was first kept as a public house in 1823 by Rouillard, formerly of the Julien House, and was a favorite resort of the choice spirits of former days. It was afterwards kept by James W. Ryan. Among its last landlords was Alexander McGregor, a stalwart Scotchman, and descendant of Rev James McGregor who led the colony which made the first settlement in Deny (N.H.) in 1824. The Scots' Charitable Society, of which the landlord was a member, frequently held its meetings there. It was demolished in 1868, to make room for the post-office edifice.

The Sun Tavern (the third of that name) was built in 1801, and stood on the north-west corner of Battery march and Hamilton streets, and was the mansion of Benjamin Hallowell, who owned a shipyard opposite to his residence. It was first kept as a public house in 1824 by Goodwich, and in 1841 by Capewell, when it ceased to be a public house, and was demolished when Fort Hill was leveled in 1865. It was a popular resort of Eastern people.

The Lafayette Hotel was built in 1825, and stood on the east side of Washington street, opposite Boylston market. It was largely patronized by people from the country. Haskell was its landlord in 1836. The Scots' Charitable Society frequently held its meetings there.

The Tremont House was built in 1828, and opened October 1, 1829. It was owned by William H. Eliot, brother of the mayor of Boston 1837-1840. It was the prototype of the large caravanseries which dot the continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Its first landlord was Dwight Boyden, who retired from its management in 1836 to assume that of the Astor House, which was opened May 1 in that year. It was the stopping-place of Webster on his way from Marshfield to Washington. It sheltered President Jackson upon his visit to Boston in 1833, a decade later President Tyler, and President Johnson in 1867. It was the temporary abode of Charles Dickens upon his first visit to America in 1842. Under its roof the Ashburton treaty, defining the north-eastern boundary between the United States and Great Britain, was negotiated by Lord Ashburton on behalf of the mother country, Abbott Lawrence on the part of Massachusetts, and Edward Kent on the part of Maine. Some of the most renowned men in the world have fed at its tables and slept under its roof. It still lives in its pristine vigor, and will not yield the palm to any hostelry in the world.

The Franklin House was built in 1830, and stood on the west side of Merchants row, between North Market and North streets, opposite the head of Clinton street. It was a favorite resort of Eastern people. Joshua Sears, an eminent merchant on Long wharf, made it his home for several years.

The Shawmut House was built in 1831, and stood on the north side of Hanover street, and its site is now absorbed in the American House. The Scots' Charitable Society frequently held its meetings there.

Liberty Tree Tavern was built in 1833, and stood on the south-east corner of Washington and Essex streets, upon the identical spot where formerly stood the famous Liberty Tree, which was planted in 1646, and become famous in Stamp Act times, and was cut down by the British in 1775.

The Mount Washington House was built in 1834 by a company of which Hon. John K. Simpson was president, who occupied the "Old Feather Store" on the corner of Faneuil Hall square and North street, built in 1680. The company became bankrupt, and it was sold in 1839 to the Perkins Institute and New England Asylum for the Blind. Its location on Washington Heights admirably adapts it for the benevolent purpose for which it is now used.

The Maverick House was opened on Noddies or Williams Island on the 27th of May, 1835. At the date of its erection the island contained but a score of dwellings, two or three factories, and a half-dozen of mechanics' shops. Major Jabez W. Barton was its first landlord. It was built of wood, 94 feet long and 85 feet wide, six stories high, and contained more than eighty rooms. In 1838 its width was increased to 160 feet. C.M. Taft became its landlord in 1841. The house, stables, and furniture were sold in 1842 to John W. Fenno for $62,500. The house was taken down in 1845 and a block of buildings erected by Noah Sturtevant. Different parts of the block were respectively occupied as a hotel, dwelling-houses, stores, and offices, until it was burnt January 25, 1857. A new building was erected upon its site, by Mr. Sturtevant, of iron and brick covered with mastic, 130 feet long on Maverick square, with an average width of no feet, and containing 180 rooms. It was opened February 23, 1858, and was called for a decade or more the Sturtevant House, when it resumed its former name of Maverick House. In its rear, on the 25th of September, 1819, a duel was fought by Lieutenants Finch and White between two elm-trees standing between Meridian and Border streets, nearly opposite the Church of the Holy Redeemer. White fell and died upon the spot.

The Pearl Street House stood on the north-west corner of Milk and Pearl streets, and was built in 1816, and was the mansion of William Pratt. It was first occupied as a hotel in 1836. Colonel Shepherd was its first landlord. The Scots' Charitable Society frequently held its meetings there. It was obliterated in the great fire of November 8, 1872.

The Perkins House was built in 1815, and was the mansion of Hon. Thomas H. Perkins, who donated it in 1833 to the Asylum for the Blind. It stood on the west side of Pearl street, about midway between Milk and High streets. It remained there under the management of Samuel G. Howe until the encroachments of business demanded its removal. In 1839 the institution was transferred to the Mount Washington House. The Perkins House was opened in that year under the management of a Scotchman named Thomas Gordon. It was a favorite resort of those who dined down-town. The Scots' Charitable Society, of which the landlord was a member, frequently held its meetings there. It ceased to be a public house In 1848, when it succumbed to the advancing waves of commerce.

The Congress House, built in the same year, was the mansion of Daniel Hammond, and stood on the north-east corner of Pearl and High streets. It was opened as a public house in 1840, and was kept by Hastings, until it was swept away in the great fire before alluded to.

The Greyhound Tavern stood on Washington street, opposite Vernon street, upon the site of Graham block. It was built in 1645, and was famous for the excellence of its punch, and was much resorted to by the convivial spirits of Boston and vicinity. Its last landlord was John Greaton. In 1752, and for many years subsequently, the Masonic fraternity celebrated St. John's day, and the courts sat there during the prevalence of small-pox in Boston. A catamount, caught in the woods about eighty miles from Boston, was exhibited there. It was a recruiting station for enlistments during the French war. Gen. Washington resided there during the winter of 1776. It ceased to be a tavern just after the Revolution. Such was its size that it contained forty fireplaces. On its site was erected the first fire-engine house in Roxbury. A portion of the building still stands in the rear of Graham block.

The Flower de Luce Tavern was built in 1687, and stood on the north-east corner of Bartlett and Blanchard streets. It was there, in 1698, that a meeting was held "to settle about the Muddy river people worshipping In their house." Its last landlord was Samuel Ruggles.

The Punch Bowl Tavern was built in 1729 by John Ellis, and stood in Brookline, about two hundred feet west from the boundary line between Roxbury and Brookline, upon the present site of Brookline gas-works, on the south-west corner of Washington street and Brookline avenue. It was a two-story hipped-roof house, and its enlargement from time to time, by the purchase and removal of old houses thither from Boston and vicinity, resulted in an aggregation of rooms of all sorts and sizes, and produced a new order of architecture, appropriately called "conglomerate" With its out-buildings it occupied a large space, and was of a yellowish color, with a seat running along the front under an overhanging projection of the second story. In front and near each end were large elm-trees. Under the west end stood a pump, which still remains. Its sign, suspended by a high, red post, exhibited a huge bowl and ladle, overhung by a lemon-tree. It had a large dancing-hall, and was a favorite resort for gay parties from Boston and vicinity. It was patronized by British officers before the Revolution. The mill-dam and the bridges destroyed its usefulness, and it was bought by Isaac Thayer, and demolished in 1833, with the exception of one of its adjuncts, which now stands on the easterly side of Brookline avenue, nearly opposite Emerald street.

Kent's Tavern was built in 1747, and stood on the site of Grove Hall, built by, and for many years the mansion of, Thomas Kilby Jones, a famous auctioneer of Boston, and now known as the "Consumptives' Home," on the south-east corner of Washington street and Blue Hill avenue. It was originally the home-stead of Samuel Payson, and was owned by John Goddard in the early part of the last century. It ceased to be a public house in 1796.

Hazlitt's Tavern stood on the corner of Washington and Palmer streets. It was built in 1764, and had a deer's head for a sign. Afterwards it was known as the "Roebuck Tavern," John Brooks being its last landlord. It was first occupied as a public house in 1820, and it was the place of refuge of Edmund Kean when driven by a mob from the (old) Boston Theatre, December 21, 1825.

The Peacock Tavern was built in 1765, and stood at the south-westerly corner of Centre and Allandale streets, near the famous mineral springs. It was kept by Capt. Samuel Childs, who led the minutemen of the third parish in the Lexington battle. It was purchased in 1794, with forty acres adjoining, by the patriot Samuel Adams, and he occupied it during his gubernatorial term as a summer residence, and afterward until the close of his honorable life.

On the north-west corner of Washington and Vernon streets, where Diamond block now stands, there formerly stood an old house, which was occupied in 1805 as the Old Red Tavern, kept by Martin Pierce.

The City Hotel was built of brick in 1804, and stood near the north-west corner of Washington and Zeigler streets, and was the mansion of George Zeigler. It ceased to be a public house about a third of a century ago.

Taft's Tavern stood at the north-west corner of Washington and South streets, near the Roslindale station, on the Dedham Branch railway. It was built in 1805, and first kept by Sharp & Dunster, and was long famous for good dinners. The widow of Samuel Burrill kept it during the War of 1813-1815. It is now the Roslindale Hotel.

The Norfolk House was built in 1781, and was the mansion of Joseph Ruggles, a well-known lawyer of that day. His uncle Joseph kept an inn in Roxbury in 1765. After the decease of Capt. Nathaniel Ruggles the mansion was the residence of Hon. David A. Simmons, who sold it to the Norfolk House Company in 1825, and it was opened in the following year as a public house, a large brick addition having been built containing a hall for public assemblies, known at first as Highland Hall, subsequently as Norfolk Hall, which, in 1853, was moved to the rear. The old mansion now stands on the north side of Norfolk street, and is occupied as a tenement-house. It was the starting-point of the Roxbury hourly coaches, which began running to the Old South Church on the first of March, 1826; fare, twelve and a half cents. It ceased to be a public house a generation ago, and became the pioneer of that large class of domestic and social comforts designated as "family hotels," no less than sixty of which now stand where, half a century ago, the tide ebbed and flowed.

In 1635 Robert Long with his wife and ten children arrived from Dunstable (Eng.) at Charlestown, and in 1638 purchased the so-called "Great House," originally erected by Thomas Graves for the governor's residence, for court-meetings, and public religious worship, which stood in what is now City square, opposite the Waverley House, and the base of the Town Hill. In a few years it was abandoned. Long paid £30 for the premises, to be used as a tavern, or ordinary. No use of tobacco, no card-playing, and no throwing of dice was allowed. He was allowed the use of a pasture, provided he would fence it, for the use of the horses of the guests. He was liable to a fine of ten shillings for every offence of selling at a price exceeding sixpence for a meal, or taking more than a "penny for an ale-quart of beer out of meal-times," or for selling cake or buns except for marriages, burials, or like special occasions. The tavern was well known afterwards as "The Three Cranes." Mr. Long and his sons following him carried on the house for three-quarters of a century, Robert, the first landlord, died January 9, 1664, and his widow May 27, 1687. In 1683 John, son of Robert, willed the house to his widow Mary, daughter of Increase Nowell. The estate had a brew-house attached to it. In 1711 the property was deeded by Mrs. Long to her son Samuel, and named in the deed as the "Great Tavern." Samuel, in 1712, sold it to Ebenezer Breed, when the house was called "The Old Tavern." The building was probably burnt in the destruction of Charlestown, on the day of the Battle of Bunker Hill, June 17, 1775. Finally, the land was bought by the town, and is now part of City square.

The Cape Breton Tavern was built in 1731, and stood on the corner of Main street and Hancock square. It was burnt in the general conflagration of June 17, 1775.

The Ship Tavern was built in 1748, and stood on the south-east corner of Charles River avenue and Water street. It was kept by Benjamin Gerrish.

The Warren Tavern was built in 1775, and still stands on the south-west corner of Main and Pleasant streets. It was first kept by Eliphalet Newell. It was from that edifice that the procession connected with funeral ceremonies in honor of GEORGE WASHINGTON started on the 31st of December, 1799, when the nation mourned as one man the departed patriot, statesman, and chieftain, "upon whose like they should not look again."

Trumbull's Tavern stood on the north-east corner of Charles River avenue and Water street. It was built in 1771.

The Indian Chief Tavern was built in 1779, and was the mansion of David Wood, an influential citizen of Charlestown. It occupied the site of Harvard Church. It was there that David Starrett, cashier of the Hillsboro', N.H., bank, was said to have been robbed and murdered on the evening of March 26, 1812. Suspicion attached to Samuel Gordon, the landlord. A reward of $200 was offered for the recovery of his dead body, but without success. In 1814 Hon. Nathan Appleton received a letter from Starrett, in South America, whither he had fled owing to the insolvency of the bank. It contained a hall, in the second story, known as "Massachusetts Hall." It was removed in 1818 to the north-west corner of Main and Miller streets, and its name changed to Eagle Tavern. It still stands, although it ceased to be a public house a quarter of a century since.

The Mansion House stood on the south side of City square and north-west corner of Warren avenue. It was erected in 1780 by Hon. Thomas Russell as a family mansion, and occupied by him until his decease in 1796. It was afterwards occupied by Commodore John Shaw, John Soley, Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Freemasons of Massachusetts, and Andrew Dunlap, U.S. District Attorney, who conducted the trial of the twelve pirates of the schooner "Pindu," in 1834. It was first occupied as a hotel in 1835, and kept by Gorham Bigelow, and afterwards by James Ramsay. It was demolished in 1866 to make room for the Waverley House.

Page's Tavern stood at the corner of Main and Gardner streets, and was afterwards known as "Richards'", and more latterly, "Babcock's." It was the starting-point of the Charlestown hourly coaches, which commenced running April 1, 1828, to Brattle street; fare, twelve and a half cents. Passengers were accommodated by being called for, or left at their residences on cross streets. It ceased to be a public house about a generation ago.

Piper's Tavern stood on the south-west corner of Main and Alford streets.

Pierce's Hotel stood on the north-west corner of Charles River avenue and Water street. It was built in 1795 by Hon. Thomas Russell for a family mansion; but he died just before its completion. In one of its rooms was a remarkable clock with a blue dial and moving figures of men, which appeared when the clock struck the hours, and then disappeared. The ordaining council of the first pastor of Harvard Church convened there. It was at one time occupied by Silas Whitney, Jr., who was buried from there with Masonic honors in 1824. Potter, the celebrated ventriloquist, held his exhibitions there, to the delight of the youngsters of that day. It was last kept by James Walker, and its name changed to the Middlesex House. It was destroyed by the great fire of August 28, 1835.

Robbin's Tavern stood on the west side of City square and south-east corner of Harvard street. It was built in 1796, and stood directly in the rear of the site of the Three Cranes Tavern, before alluded to. It was demolished in 1816, and the Charlestown Town Hall erected upon its site, which, in turn, was demolished in 1868 to make room for the City Hall.

Ireland's Tavern was built in 1797, and stood on the north side of Cambridge street, near the Lowell Railroad bridge.

Yoelin's Tavern was built in 1798, and stood on the east side of City square and north-west corner of Chamber street. It was first occupied as a tavern in 1821, and was destroyed by the great fire before alluded to. The first meeting of the proprietors of Warren bridge was held there in 1828.

Copp's Tavern was built in 1799, and stood on the south side of City square, near the corner of Bow street. The building, which had ceased for some years to be occupied as a tavern, was demolished in 1866 to make room for the Waverley House.

"Sic transit gloria mundi." Thus have disappeared from time to time, with but few exceptions, the taverns, inns, and coffee-houses of the Town of Boston, while the bodily forms of those who took their ease in them have long since crumbled into dust. We will now resign to the pen of the local historian of a century hence to describe the mammoth hostelries of the City of Boston, which have arisen since the era of railways, steamships, electric telegraphs, ocean cables, telephones, electric lights, and other modern developments of science and art.

1873 Colfax Louisiana Courthouse Massacre Newspaper Article

2009-09-17T10:23:00.009-04:00

This article is from THE NATION dated April 10th 1873 on the Colfax Louisiana Massacre/Riot. In 1873 there was a contested election for Governor and whites carrying weapons along with a small cannon overwhelmed freedmen and state militia attempting to run the parish courthouse. A majority of the freedmen were murdered after they give up, and almost 50 were killed afterward in the prisons after many hours. Educated guesses of the number of dead were wide-ranging. A military report to Congress in 1875 recognized the deaths of three white men and 105 black men, and also stated that 15-20 bodies of unidentified black men were found in the Red River.

There has been another horrible massacre, in Louisiana. at a place called Colfax, in Grant Parish, even worse than the New Orleans massacre of 1866, and a not unnatural consequence of the position in which Congress left the dispute between the two factions over the government of the State. The committee of the Senate made pretty clear in their report that the Kelloggites who were in possession of the government were usurpers; but, as the Administration at Washington had recognized them, and refused to repudiate them unless Congress passed a bill or resolution to that effect, it made no change in its policy. Consequently, the people of the State are left divided into two bodies, one of which has the authority of the Committee of the Senate for believing that its rights under the election have been disregarded, and the other the authority the Federal Government for believing that its rule cannot be shaken. A state of things better fitted to produce explosions
violence, particularly in view of the feeling of hostility prevailing between blacks and whites all over the cotton States, could hardly be imagined. Accordingly, when two persons, one black and the other white, claim the office of Sheriff in Grant Parish, the black, far from appealing to the court, takes possession of the courthouse with a hand of armed followers of his own color, South American fashion, throws up a rude entrenchment round the building, and bids his white competitor come on, hoping, as he has since confessed, that he would be able to hold out till the row drew the Federal troops to his assistance. Whereupon the white, nothing loth, collects his followers also, and besieges his rival, and, as a last resource, fires the court-house, and his men shoot the garrison down as they try to escape from the flames, until 150 have been slaughtered, with the less of one white man killed and one wounded, There is now a great outcry for the punishment of these “demons,” but there was no outcry, or at least no adequate outcry, over the disgraceful connivance at Washington at the state of things which has converted Louisiana into a South American republic, and destroyed all confidence on the part of all classes, not only in the law, but in a popular vote which produces the law. How can any people put any confidence in anything but rifles who see men like Casey and Packard not only kept in office, but put back into office when their term has expired; and the majority in Congress refusing to do their duty in the settlement of the local difference, and going calmly home with their pockets full of stolen money, without one word of rebuke or disapproval front the President’?

Above engraving from The Louisiana Murders—Gathering The Dead And Wounded" published in Harper's Weekly May 10, 1873, page 397.

1938 American Women Against Communism handout

2009-09-14T14:07:00.004-04:00

The Traitor's Oath

The Communist party of the United Stats administers an oath to every one who joins that party.

In that oath there is only one mention of the United States.

It is the last word in the oath, and it is preceded by the following:

"I pledge myself to rally the masses to defend the Soviet Union, the land of victorious socialism."

"I pledge myself to remain at all times as vigilant and firm defender of the Leninist side of the party, the only line that insures the triumph of Soviet power in the UNITED STATES."

"Soviet Power" means the triumph of Stalin in America.

Every Communist party member thus pledges himself not only to serve and defend the Soviet Union but he must work at all times for "THE TRIUMPH OF SOVIET POWER IN THE UNITED STATES."

This is a REVOLUTION by violent means, for no Communist is simple enough to believe that Communism can ever be adopted in America through the ballot when even the Russians were never allowed to vote on it.

No member of the Communist party holding any office in the United States can take the oath of allegiance to the Constitution and not secretly laugh at the flag and all that it stands for.

THE COMMUNIST PARTY SHOULD BE OUTLAWED ON OUT BALLOTS.

It is a foreign, subversive organization and STANDS CONDEMNED BY THE OATH OF ITS MEMBERS.

From - The Editorial Page, The San Antonio Light, March 19th 1838.

AMERICAN WOMEN AGAINST COMMUNISM - 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, NYC.

WW2 Anti-War Handout - The Role of Arts in Civil Liberties

2009-09-14T13:40:00.002-04:00

This is a WW2-era handout before America's involvement from the Fourth American Writers Congress meeting in Manhattan NYC.

1907 Rider-Ericsson Hot-Air Pump Advertisement

2009-09-13T14:08:00.001-04:00

1907 Pope-Hartford Automobile Advertisement - Hartford CT

2009-09-13T13:58:00.001-04:00

1860's early photograph of Niagara Falls

2009-09-11T20:08:00.002-04:00

A PHYSIOLOGICAL CURIOSITY - Man with a bullet hole in his stomach

2009-09-11T16:32:00.007-04:00

From a 1856 newspaper. Man shoots himself in stomach creating a visible hole.

A PHYSIOLOGICAL CURIOSITY

Many of our readers will remember a series of experiments, published by Dr.Beaumont, of the United States Army, almost twenty years ago, on the physiology of digestion, in which be he aided materially by a person named St. Martin, a Canadian voyageur. This man had been wounded, it will be remembered, by the accidental discharge of a gun loaded with buckshot, one of which, entering the lung from behind, traversed it and emerged at the stomach, leaving an opening which could never be united again, and through which Dr. Beaumont was enabled to witness the whole process of digestion, and to make the series of experiments with which his name is honorably connected.

This opening made by the bullet was about three-fourths of an inch in diameter, and the stomach was torn by the lead in such a manner that healing by natural or artificial process was impossible.

Dr. Beaumont tried to effect a cure by keeping St. Martin without food for two days, but without the desired effect. The gastric juice secreted by the mucous membrane of the stomach would not allow the reunion of the torn walls of that organ. The consequence has been natural — a fistula or opening from the stomach — so that if St. Martin does not keep a compress to the aperture in drinking water or swallowing anything else, the whole contents of the stomach will pass out through that opening. Through that opening comes out a small part of the stomach, i.e., the inner coat, which shows its different appearances - thick or swollen when under the work of digestion, and thinner when the digestion is over.

This same St. Martin, having been lost sight of by the scientific world, after nearly a quarter of a century has suddenly turned up again as a subject for digestive experiments. He is now in this city, on his way to Europe, under the auspices of Dr. Bunting, of Montreal, who proposes to extend more minutely the series of experiments so successfully commenced by Dr. Beaesment, and also to enable the savans of the old world to witness the experiments. Mr. St. Martin is at present a little upwards of fifty years of age, of a spare frame, but apparently capable of considerable endurance. He is in excellent bodily health, and has much vivacity of manner. His early life was spent upon the frontiers, and since leaving the employ sf Dr. Beaumont he has married and resided at Montreal. The opening in the stomach has had no injurious effect upon his health, nor has it prevented him from pursuing active and severe labors, Indeed it is possible that his daily knowledge of the effect of food upon the stomach may have prevented him from abusing this important organ for the gratification of momentary taste. He is a man of simple tastes in his diet, and drinks, it is said, no ardent spirits.

On Saturday afternoon a meeting of several eminent physicians of the city was held at the New York Hospital, for the purpose of being introduced to Dr Bunting and his celebrated patient, and of witnessing some of his experiments. Among these present were Dr. Van Buren, Dr. Markoe, Dr. Buckley, Dr. Grahmm, Dr. Cook, Dr. Vanderveort, of the hospital, Dr. Issacs and Dr. Elliot, of the Medical College, Dr. Derby, Dr. Buck, Dr. Wood and others.

The first experiment performed was that of introducing the thermometer into the stomach through the opening, from which its temperature was ascertained to be 101 Fahrenheit. Dr. Bunting next introduced into the stomach the gum elastic catheter, and extracted nearly an ounce and a half of gastric juice, which was presented to Dr. Griscom, and examined by him and others, as to its taste and other properties. The third experiment consisted in causing the patient to drink two tumblers of water, which was immediately afterwords poured out through the orifice into a basin held by Dr. Bunting. The experiment being concluded, various questions were propounded to Doctor Bunting in regard to the time consumed in the digestion of various foods. In reply, he observed that the carrot would consume between five and six hours, while rare roast beef would thoroughly digest in an hour and a half. Melted butter would not digest at all, but float about in the stomach. Lobster was comparatively easy of digestion. Upon the application of the gastric juice to a piece of purple tissue paper the color at once faded. In relation to the patient’s health, Dr. Bunting observed that it had been uniformly excellent, having, since his recovery from the first effects of the wound, supported a large finally by his daily labor.

These experiments do not differ materially from those made by Dr. Beaumont. The latter ascertained the differences between natural and artificial digestion by a very simple and beautiful experiment.

He took from the empty stomach, at an early hour in the morning, two ounces of gastric juice, which he divided into two equal parts and placed in separate vials, in each of which he placed, a given quantity of roast beef. The one was placed in a sand bath at 99 degrees, and the other in open air at 29 degrees. He likewise put the same quantity of meat into a like portion of clear water, and intermixed a similar portion with gastric juice, previously extracted, of the temperature of the air.

The meat in the fresh gastric juice, placed in the warm bath, proceeded towards digestion as if contained in the stomach, and was finally wholly digested by the addition of a further quantity of gastric juice. That contained the water was simply macerated, and that in the gastric juice having a low temperature was affected but slightly.

The series of experiments instituted by Dr. Beaumont, to ascertain the time required to digest various articles of food, are familiar to the medical and scientific men. Boiled rice was found to require only one hour to digest, and pork five hours, these two being the extremes.

These experiments also, as a general rule, confirmed the opinion previously entertained, that farinaceous vegetables are more easily digested than succulent, and wild game, and the meat of full-grown animals, than those which are young.

Another very important law of digestion developed was that fluids, like soups and broths, require to have their nutritious particles converted into a solid substance before they can be acted upon by the gastric juice; the consequence is that all such ailments are less adapted for weak stomachs than more solid food. Occasionally St. Martin’s temper, although usually placid, became violently ruffed. The effect upon the digestive process was instantaneous and decided. Digestion proceeded, but instead of the formation of healthy chyme, the stomach contained a thin, gruel-like substance, much tinged in bile, which, under ordinary circumstances, is not to be found within it.

The ease of St. Martin is altogether a passionate one, the like, singularly enough, not being found on record. It is at the same time one of marked interest, not only on account of what ha already been contributed by it to our knowledge of digestion but what we may hereafter reasonably expect from it.

It is worthy of remark that St. Martin’s life has been a regular one, and that, consequently, the experiments made in advanced. years are as valuable as those prosecuted in his youth.

The 1879 DEADWOOD DAKOTA FIRE newspaper report

2009-09-05T23:14:00.004-04:00

DEADWOOD, Dakota Ter., Sept. 27, 1879.
unknown newspaper

Between one and two o’clock yesterday morning the inhabitants of Deadwood were awakened by the cry of “Fire !“ and the barking of dogs, which soon aroused the whole city and suburbs to a sense of the imminent danger of destruction of a large amount of property by the flames that were issuing from some low frame buildings on Sherman street. The badly equipped and inefficient fire company turned out, but it was next to useless. The fire spread from house to house and block to block with such rapidity that people had to leave their business places and dwellings to be devoured, only too glad to escape with their lives.

Blown Up Into the Air.
As the flames proceeded along the business portion of the city now and again an explosion would take place from giant gunpowder and coal oil, sending dense columns of flames and smoke, mingled with fragments of the buildings) high into the air. Several fine, handsome brick buildings, of late construction, used as banks and commercial stores, with large stocks of goods and provisions in them, were thus blown up and the ruins consumed. The tire crept on and up the sides of the hills, destroying many private residences; and the trees, with their dry autumn leaves, all on fire, gave a peculiar and fantastic display.

Longest X-ray treatment for cancer ever - 56 hours!

2009-09-01T11:44:00.004-04:00

Sorry this is hard to read, I transcribed it below. This was the longest X-ray treatment for cancer on record. I can't believe this ended well, but I could not find any information on how she ended up.

Akron Weekly Pioneer Press; Jun 22, 1923

New York - Miss Ann Ellin of Spring Valley, N.Y., a woman cancer patient at Bellevue hospital has undergone fifty-six hours of continuous exposure under 250,000 volts of x-rays. The patient suffered no burns and was able to eat and sleep throughout the treatment. Dr. I Seth Hirsch, head of the x-ray laboratories said this marks the test of a new method which gave the rays a radiation that would kill the cancerous cells and leave the healthy ones unharmed.

1923 Baseball's Brain Team defeated by Carleton College

2009-08-31T21:20:00.004-04:00

We have some baseball magazines for sale in our online store. CLICK HERE

Team filled with PHD's takes on students from Carleton College for charity.
Akron Weekly Pioneer Press (Akron, Colorado); Jun 22, 1923