The Scientific Worldview

Why the Universe has to be Infinite

2026-09-14T04:00:00.000-07:00

PSI Blog 202600914 Why the Universe has to be Infinite

Collisions über alles

Translated from German, this statement means “collisions above all else.” I put it here so you will never forget the central point of Infinite Universe Theory. It happens to be the way the Infinite Universe works. All effects are the results of collisions. Matterless motion does not occur. According to Heraclitus, the inventor of relativity: “All things flow.”

Heraclitus: Inventor of relativity 500 BCE. Credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heraclitus

PSI Blog 202600914 Why the Universe has to be Infinite

I often get particularly astute questions like this one from Jim Nibblett:

“Dear Glenn,

To get over the religious side of things is its own issue. One of the main parts in 'running this to ground,' is seeing that there is a whole different part of the discussion: where to begin. One is philosophical; that there is such a deep human need for there to have an 'initial singularity' that even scientists will immediately discard actual science in the process. But where ought one begin the discussion, at least one with better than average chance, is to look at the phase below the surface; The Standard Solar Model is gaseous. Competing with this is a condensed phase. In this condensed phase, the minimum pressure is taken to be no less than one hundred Giga-Pascals. This prescribes some calculable amount of mass.

I know that we have some dispute about the underlying mechanism as far as gravity goes. Here I hope that we can work with the outcome, that a given proton in the chromosphere contributes to the pressure at the surface. Worth noting at some point or other that in this comparison of the two models, the ratio of the two masses (or the surface pressures) is about thirteen orders of magnitude.

Somewhere along the way, the philosophical difference comes into play, doesn't it? Please advise.”

Here was my answer (updated):

“Thanks for the question. In Infinite Universe Theory no microcosm ever becomes a “pusher” or “collider” on its own. That would be teleological (e.g. a microcosm deciding to push or not push). The ability of any microcosm to push or collide always comes from the macrocosm. Early on, theologians realized this, inventing a “first cause,” a god they imagined could do the job.

So, your proton has to have had a collision from some super microcosm (a microcosm outside itself, i.e., one that exists in the macrocosm) for it to be in motion like everything else in the Infinite Universe. That is why perfectly empty space will never do and why the Tenth Assumption of Religion, disconnection (There may be perfectly empty space between any two objects) is false. This is an example of why scientific philosophy, based on “The Ten Assumptions of Science,” is absolutely critical in theoretical physics, cosmology, and all of science, for that matter.”

Religion is by no means irrelevant in science or in philosophy itself (see my popular “Getting Your Philosophical Ducks in a Row” at https://medium.com/@glennborchardt/getting-your-philosophical-ducks-in-a-row-1e2b5870c859

https://thescientificworldview.blogspot.com/2026/03/getting-your-philosophical-ducks-in-row.html

If you study Infinite Universe Theory in detail you will find that everything fits together nicely. The contradictions fostered by religion have been removed. That is because Infinite Universe Theory adheres steadfastly to “The Ten Assumptions of Science” and the universal mechanism of evolution univironmental determinism (what happens to a portion of the universe depends on the infinite matter in motion within and without).

It turns out that each portion of the universe must be in motion in order exist. A balloon is a good example. The nitrogen and oxygen molecules you blow into it impact the insides of the rubber membrane, allowing it to expand. Those on the outside impact the outsides of the balloon, keeping it from expanding too much. In other words, its existence depends on the “univironment,” the combination of the microcosm and its macrocosm (ultimately the submicrocosms within and the supermicrocosms without).

Another way of understanding this is by considering evolution as the “destruction of the unfit,” which I discussed in detail here:

https://thescientificworldview.blogspot.com/2025/10/creation-via-destruction-of-unfit.html

Everything we see around us amounts to being leftovers—those portions not yet having suffered lethal collisions or submicrocosmic departures, which eventually happen to all things. Per the Sixth Assumption of Science, complementarity (All things are subject to convergence and divergence from other things). In the Infinite Universe there are just as many things coming into being as those going out of being. This is another reason all things must be in motion as implied by Herachlitus. Because the universe is infinite there is no possibility it will suffer the “heat death” predicted by regressive physicists and cosmogonists. That extension of the Second Law of Thermodynamics only applies to finite portions of the Infinite Universe. Complementarity not only fits nicely into the Infinite Universe Theory framework; it is a requirement.

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Thanks for reading Infinite Universe Theory! Get your copy of the just-released Second Edition of “The Scientific Worldview” to see the step-by-step logic leading to the rational view of the cosmos. Be part of the “Last Cosmological Revolution,” the demise of the “Last Creation Myth,” and the age of enlightenment to come. Buy Now.

Humanity’s Greatest Revolution

2026-09-07T05:00:00.000-07:00

PSI Blog 202600907 Humanity’s Greatest Revolution

Death of the Last Creation Myth

Anonymous engraving in Camille Flammarion’s 1888 book L’atmosphère: météorologie populaire.

Thanks to Abu Mouaaz for this question: "What is a scientific discovery that completely changed how humans view the universe?"

I imagine most would say it was the discovery that Earth revolved around the Sun and therefore was not the center of the universe. Subsequent cosmological discoveries have merely augmented that realization. Still, I maintain the most important discovery has already been made by the James Webb Space Telescope showing the “Elderly Galaxies” at the current limit of observation. We were supposed to see younger and younger cosmological objects as we looked back in time. We did not.

As with the Copernican Revolution, “humanity’s view of the universe” is largely controlled by the religious and political powers that be. The average person has not realized the magnitude of the JWST discovery. The “Last Creation Myth” currently offered as the “Big Bang Theory” has been highly propagandized. It is immensely popular even among those favoring the rational side of the battle between science and religion.

Cosmogonists (those who assume the universe had a beginning) are now scrambling to find yet another ad hoc to salvage their moribund view of the universe. The current fascist period and its steadfast connection with religion is sure to aid and abet that effort for at least a generation.

As I showed in “Religious Roots of Relativity,” the Big Bang Theory is founded entirely on fundamental assumptions that are essentially religious. For instance, among the most important is the Tenth Assumption of Religion, disconnection (There may be perfectly empty space between any two objects). Although he later recanted, this was the fundamental assumption that Einstein began with. It is essential for ideas of creation ex nihilo (from nothing), masslessness, matterless motion, and the magical expanding space ad hoc now necessary for the erroneous expanding universe interpretation.

There is one problem with that: perfectly empty space has never been found. Our own existence proves nonexistence (nothing) cannot exist. Perfectly empty space, like perfectly solid matter, are only imaginary—they cannot exist. They are the imaginary endmembers of the space-matter continuum we use to characterize all portions of the Infinite Universe. The universe can produce much, but it cannot produce what is simply imagined by us. Will Infinite Universe Theory change our view of the universe? You bet!

PSI Blog 20260907

Remnants of Theia, the Planet that Crashed into Earth

2026-08-24T05:34:00.000-07:00

PSI Blog 20260824 Remnants of Theia, the Planet that Crashed into Earth

Might have produced the Moon too

Theia remnants inside Earth may survive as two giant mantle blobs left by the collision that created the Moon. (CREDIT: Shavit via Shutterstock)

Thanks to George Coyne for this heads up:

https://www.thebrighterside.news/post/scientists-discover-remnants-of-theia-the-planet-that-collided-with-earth-4-5-billion-years-ago/

Actually, I have followed this for over half a century. Turning down a postdoc working on lunar samples at my alma mater, I got one at the USGS Nuclear Science Building in Denver. I worked on nuclear activation analysis correlation of volcanic ash throughout the West, but a couple of my colleagues got some lunar samples. They were the first to get an age for bulk samples (4.66 billion years).[i] Subsequent work with zircon (a closed system) did not include extrasolar cosmic dust contaminants having irrelevant Pb and U ratios. Those got an age of about 4.5 billion.

[i] Tatsumoto, Mitsunobu, and Rosholt, John N., 1970, Age of the Moon: An Isotopic Study of Uranium-Thorium-Lead Systematics of Lunar Samples: Science, v. 167, no. 3918, p. 461–463. 10.1126/science.167.3918.461

PSI Blog 20260824