Business Terms

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2011-10-15T21:04:00.001+06:00

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guaranteed stock

2011-06-13T22:43:00.000+06:00

Preferred or common stock of one corporation whose dividends are guaranteed by another corporation. Since the dividends are guaranteed, investors are generally willing to pay a higheramount for the stock than if the stock was not backed up by a guarantee. How valuable theactual guarantee is will depend on the guarantor's financial and credit history. The guaranteed stock arrangement has frequently been used by railroads.

currency basket

2011-06-10T18:17:00.002+06:00

A group of securities whose weighted average is used to determine the value of an obligation or the value of another currency. For instance, a country that does not peg the value of its currency to a single other currency, such as the U.S. dollar, could value its currency to the value of a currency basket comprised of Euros, U.S. dollars, and Japanese Yen.

letter of indemnity

2011-06-10T18:03:00.001+06:00

A written undertaking by a third party (such as a bank orinsurance company), on behalf of one of the parties (thefirst party) to a transaction or contract, to cover the other party (the second party) against specific loss or damagearising out the action (or a failure to act) of the first party. Also called indemnity bond.

indemnity

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Undertaking given to compensate for (or to provide protection against) injury, loss, incurred penalties, or from acontingent liability. A shipping company, for example, will ask for a bank's indemnity for releasing a shipment to a consignee who has lost original shipping documents. The bank in turn will require the consignee to sign acounter-indemnity before issuing its indemnity to the shipping company. This way the consignee gets therelease of shipment in completion of a transaction, and both the shipping company and the bank are protected in case some dispute arises out of that transaction. See also letter of indemnity.

European Exchange Rate Mechanism

2011-06-10T17:54:00.000+06:00

ERM. A system created in 1979 as a way to reduce the volatility of the various Eurpoean currencies and to create a stable monetary system. The ERM created fixed margins in which a country's currency could operate. It was the predecessor of the European Economic and Monetary Union

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Core Product

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Dominant intangible benefit or satisfaction a customer expects from a good or service he or she buys. Generally, a non-rational factor (such as the sleekness and shine of a new-model car) supported by rationalization("excellent resale value"), is 'the product' for the customer, and varies from person to person.

warehouse receipt

2011-01-14T15:48:00.001+06:00

Receipt of goods or materials left for safekeeping in a warehouse. It is a non-negotiable instrument if it permits delivery only to a named entity; a negotiable instrument when bearer or made out to the order of the holder. Document of title (signed or certified by the warehouse keeper) guaranteeing existence and availability of a specified quantity and quality of a commodity, and used as an instrument of transfer in cash (spot) and future transactions.

Quality of Earnings

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The degree to which earnings are attributed to aspects of the company's business, as opposed to external forces. If a company has a change in earnings derived from a decrease in production costs or an increase in sales, they are said to have a high quality of earnings. If a company's earnings are attributed to outside sources such as inflation, this is seen as low quality of earnings

M1

2011-01-08T14:50:00.002+06:00

One measure of the money supply that includes all coins, currency held by the public, traveler's checks,checking account balances, NOW accounts, automatic transfer service accounts, and balances in credit unions.

Indifference curve

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A curve used in economics which shows how consumers would react to different combinations of products. On the graph, a quantity of one product appears on the x axis and a quantity of another product appears on the y axis. Consumers would be equally satisfied at any point along a given curve, as each point brings the same level of utility to that consumer. The slope of the curve is referred to as the marginal rate of substitution.

Terms of Trade

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Terms of Trade

Not the contractual conditions of sale between a buyer and a seller, but the quantity of foreign goods andservices (imports) that a country can purchase from the proceeds of the sale of its goods and services (exports) of a given quantity. It is a measure of a country's trading clout and is expressed as the ratio of anindex of export prices to an index of import prices. Terms of trade of a country improve when the prices of its exports rise in comparison with the prices of its imports, vice versa.

Variable Life

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Life insurance for which the amount of the payments is determined by the performance of the underlying investments chosen by the policyholder. Agents selling such policies must be Registered Representatives of a broker/dealer licensed by the NASD and registered with the SEC. Choices range from low-risk fixed income funds to high-yield stock and bond funds. These accounts are typically accompanied by higher fees. Returns are generally not guaranteed and investment risk is assumed by the policy holder instead of the insurance company. Premiums remain fixed under this arrangement. As would be expected, the better the investments perform, the larger the death benefit will be. However, the death benefit will not drop below a certain minimum, regardless of investment performance

Supervisor

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Person in the first-line management who monitors and regulates employees in their performance of assigned or delegated tasks. Supervisors are usually authorized to recommend and/or effect hiring, disciplining, promoting, punishing, rewarding, and other associated activities regarding the employees in their departments.

supervisor is in the HR, Recruiting, Teams, & Training subject.

supervisor appears in the definitions of the following terms: boss, officials, idea, span of control, andfront line management.

high watermark

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high watermark

The highest value that has been earned by an investment fund. This value is often used when determining the bonus earned by the fund manager; a fund manager's bonus will be based on the amount of money he or she earned above the high watermark level. If the amount of money earned is below the high watermark level, he or she will not receive a bonus.