Stem Cell Recovery

Growing New Teeth With Stem Cells - Odontis

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sat, 12 Feb 2011 20:20:00 +0000

In 2004 scientists at King's College London set up a company called Odontis. They have been working on developing human teeth from stem cells. This biological replacement tooth has been trademarked as BioTooth.

The idea is to take adult stem cells, treat them in a cell culture so they would be programmed to develop into teeth and then transplanted into the patients jaw where the gap is. Then a replacement tooth grows just as happens when humans grow their original adult teeth. It is thought it would then take two to three months for the tooth to fully develop. The cost should not be more than existing treatments making it an attractive alternative to other technologies such as implants and dentures.

By 2007 Dr. Paul Sharpe and his team had learned to control the type of tooth formed and control the basic shapes, i.e. molar, incisor. Tooth development involves a network of thousands of genes. It's not necessary to understand what all the genes are doing to get the ball rolling, Sharpe says. Rather, by watching when a few key genes are turned on and off, the researchers have learned which are most important in the control of size and shape. Some genes only work in the upper jaw, others only where molars grow. In one experiment, Sharpe's team took early tooth buds from growing embryos and switched on a gene known to be active in growing molars. They implanted the buds in the front of the jaws of mice, where incisors would normally grow. The rodents emerged with molars in front and back.

The teeth are grown in mice kidney capsules because they provide a convenient site for prolonged growth due to the bountiful blood supply to the developing tooth. Dr. Sharpe’s aim was never to grow teeth in kidneys. This is just his experimental test system. In the future its likely that the teeth will be grown in some sort of artificial bio-reactor which itself is still in development.

The tooth bud is then implanted in the jaw and the gum stitched or sealed with a clinical "glue". They have not started human clinical trials yet, however they expect the procedure to be less invasive than a tooth extraction and the requirements for post-procedure care would be similar. After implantation it takes the tooth about 3 weeks to set in the jaw of a mouse. As long as the tooth is not under heavy load, it sets well.
The technology to grow replacement teeth could mean the end of dentures. Living teeth would be much better than dentures because they can respond to a persons bite. They move and in doing so they maintain the health of the surrounding gums and teeth. Dr. Sharpe has patented the technique and hopes to begin human trials in a few years once they perfect their techniques.

Predicting a release date to market is difficult as its still in development but according to their website they are expecting it to be available in "several years".

Source: Odontis.com

Visit http://www.healthandfitness4ever for more information on stem cell technology.

Scientists Grow Intestine Using Stem Cells

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sat, 12 Feb 2011 19:56:00 +0000

For the first time, scientists have created functioning human intestinal tissue in the lab from pluripotent stem cells. The scientists from Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center in the U.S. say their findings will open the door to unprecedented studies of human intestinal development, function and diseases.

Other research areas opened up include creating intestinal tissue for transplantation and investigating drugs than can be better absorbed by the body, since the intestine absorbs most drugs taken orally.

To make the intestinal tissue, two types of pluripotent cells: human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated by reprogramming biopsied human skin cells into pluripotent stem cells. hESCs are called pluripotent because they can become any of the more than 200 different cell types in the human body. iPSCs can be generated from the cells of individual patients, and therapeutic cells derived from those iPSCs would have that person’s genetic makeup and not be at risk of rejection. Because iPSC technology is new, it remains unknown if these cells have all of the potential of hESCs. This prompted the researchers to use both iPSCs and human embryonic stem cells in this study so they could further test and compare the transformative capabilities of each.

A series of timed cell manipulations using chemicals and proteins called growth factors were used to mimic embryonic intestinal development in the laboratory.
The first step turned pluripotent stem cells into an embryonic cell type called definitive endoderm, which gives rise to the lining of the esophagus, stomach and intestines as well as the lungs, pancreas and liver. Next, endoderm cells were instructed to become one those organ cell types, specifically embryonic intestinal cells called “hindgut progenitors.” The researchers then subjected the cells to what they describe as a “pro-intestinal” cell culture system that promoted intestinal growth.

Within 28 days, these steps resulted in the formation of three-dimensional tissue resembling fetal intestine that contained all the major intestinal cell types – including enterocytes, goblet, Paneth and enteroendocrine cells. The tissue continued to mature and acquire both the absorptive and secretory functionality of normal human intestinal tissues and also formed intestine-specific stem cells.

In the study, the team of scientists was led by Dr. Wells and study first author Jason Spence, PhD – a member of Dr. Wells’ laboratory.

Source: http://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/about/news/release...

More information on stemcell technology @ http://www.healthandfitness4ever.com

Stem Cells From Your Thighs Can Be Used for Your Face-Lift

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Wed, 22 Dec 2010 16:23:00 +0000

Back in the days of the Bush administration, the scientific advances provided by stem-cellresearch were significantly reduced due to his ban on federal funding.

Since Obama lifted the ban in March 2009, research and development using these cells has resumed and continues to aid in the search for treatments for many cancers and degenerative diseases.

And there are the aesthetic innovations, namely in skin care (use of apple stem cells in products by Dr. Brandt, Lather, and Emerge Labs is said to preserve skin's youthful appearance) and plastic surgery.

Boy, do we love a good beauty advancement! Earlier this year, StyleList reported on stem-cell injections as part of a nonsurgical face-lift, used in conjunction with fat grafts (removing fat from one area of the body, like your thighs, abs, or butt, and using it to plump the face).

Today's Daily Mail reports, "Cells with this kind of power, it was thought, had to be harvested from embryos created in the lab or left over from fertility treatment. They were rare, precious, and extremely controversial. But this week, doctors have revealed how they are taking stem cells from adults and using them to repair faulty hearts. Those stem cells came from blood vessels. But there is another, perhaps surprising, source of stem cells -- our own fat."

So a source of potentially regenerative cells was hiding in our fat cells all along?

This development led U.K. cosmetic surgeon Dr. Mario Russo to the idea of a nonsurgical face-lift that employs only stem cells and no fat injections (which tend to die off after being removed) in order to regenerate collagen and halt or at least slow the aging process.

And eight weeks ago, the Daily Mail reporter volunteered to be the first recipient of this experimental procedure. At a private hospital, she had fat harvested from her abdomen and thighs (a.k.a. liposuction) and waited for it to be processed down to only its stem cells. This youth serum of sorts was immediately injected into her face dozens of times, as well as into a scar on her knee.

Here, the reporter's initial reaction, post-procedure:

"Then I was sent home with the warning that results would be slow to show, but would continue for up to a year -- or more. Over the next few days, I developed a few tiny bruises around my eyes and there was a little swelling, but nothing I couldn't cover up. I was astonished to see results within the first fortnight. My skin, which has always been blotchy, was startlingly clear. Within a month I looked peachier, my pores were smaller and I was less hollow eyed. I woke in the morning and thought for a moment that I'd forgotten to take off my makeup, as my skin looked so even toned. After six weeks, strangers started complimenting me on my skin."

While the injections themselves only took 20 minutes, the procedure is not pain free and costs about $11,000. Hmmm, for that we could buy a Smart Car, but who are we kidding? Smart Cars won't make us look younger or more fabulous. However, glowing, even-toned, plumper skin is priceless.

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 19 Dec 2010 16:06:00 +0000

BRIEF: International Stem Cell shares jump 19 percent

Posted on: Sat, 18 Dec 2010 21:53:44 EST

Symbols: ISCO

OCEANSIDE, Dec 18, 2010 (North County Times - McClatchy-Tribune Information Services via COMTEX) --

Shares of International Stem Cell Corp. rose 19 percent Friday, closing at $2.29 each, after the biotech company expanded sales of its skin care products.

On Thursday, the company said the products are now being sold to subscribers of the investment newsletter of John Mauldin, founder of Millennium Wave Investments. The products were earlier offered to investors and others associated with International Stem Cell.

The biotech company's skin care products, which it says rejuvenates the skin, are made with extracts from its stem cells. These cells are produced from "parthenogenetic," or unfertilized human egg cells. International Stem Cell says the cells act like human embryonic stem cells, although they are not made from embryos. The cells are being researched as disease therapies.

On Monday, the company announced a deal to get up to $25 million in equity financing over the next three years from Aspire Capital Fund LLC. As part of the deal, Aspire purchased 333,333 shares of ISCO stock for $1.50 per share, 7 percent more than the closing price on the previous Friday of $1.40 per share.

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Tailored stem cells on High St ‘in 20yrs’

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 16 Dec 2010 00:10:00 +0000

The era of stem cells is just beginning and will yield undreamed-of forms of tailored treatment for damaged body parts and organs, said Prof David Warburton.

‘In about 20 years’ time we will have stem cell banks just like we now have pharmacies with medicines in them,’ he is expected to say.

‘You’ll get a diagnosis for a specific problem and be given stem cells to treat that problem.’

Stem cells are ‘mother’ cells that can be farmed in a laboratory to make replacement tissue, such as brain neurons or insulin-producing pancreas cells.

Cells obtained from embryos may develop into any kind of tissue in the human body – while adult stem cells can be taken from any organ and will reproduce themselves, offering the potential for complete regeneration of any organ from a few healthy cells.

Combining genetics with regenerative medicine has enormous potential, Prof Warburton believes.

His team at the Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles are attempting to grow lungs from stem cells – a feat already achieved in animals. ‘It’s a wonderful time to be working in medical research,’ he said.

Testicle treatment provides hope for men with diabetes, US scientists say

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 16 Dec 2010 00:04:00 +0000

MEN with insulin-dependent diabetes might one day have their condition treated with cells from their testicles, US scientists have claimed.

Researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center (GUMC), in Washington, DC, said hey transformed sperm stem cells into the pancreatic cells that make insulin, without using any extra genes to turn adult stem cells into a tissue of choice.

Tests on mice showed that the early precursors for human sperm, called human spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), once extracted from testicular tissue could be morphed into insulin-secreting beta islet cells normally found in the pancreas, to start reversing the disease.

Using human testes from dead organ donors, the research team produced around one million stem cells from one gram of tissue.

They found that the cells showed many of the biological markers that characterise normal beta islet cells.

They then transplanted those cells into immune deficient diabetic mice and were able to decrease the rodents’ blood sugar levels for about a week - showing that the cells were producing enough insulin to reduce hyperglycemia.

"No stem cells, adult or embryonic, have been induced to secrete enough insulin yet to cure diabetes in humans, but we know SSCs have the potential to do what we want them to do, and we know how to improve their yield," said the study's lead investigator, Dr G. Ian Gallicano, an associate professor at the university.

If this technique could be replicated in humans, using a man's own tissue to create insulin, it would conquer problems with many of the potential treatments currently being tested for type 1 diabetes.

Dr Gallicano, who presented his team's work in Philadelphia at the American Society of Cell Biology annual meeting, said they hoped a similar technique could be developed to help women.

Japanese scientists restore paralysed monkey's mobility using stem cells

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Wed, 15 Dec 2010 23:59:00 +0000

JAPANESE researchers have used stem cells to restore partial mobility in a small monkey that had been paralysed from the neck down by a spinal injury.

"It is the world's first case in which a small-size primate recovered from a spinal injury using stem cells," professor Hideyuki Okano of Tokyo's Keio University told AFP.

Okano's research team, which earlier helped a mouse recover its mobility in a similar treatment, injected so-called induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells into a paralysed marmoset, he said.

The team planted four types of genes into human skin cells to create the iPS cells, according to Kyodo News.

The injection was given on the ninth day after the injury, considered the most effective timing, and the monkey started to move its limbs again within two to three weeks, Prof Okano said.

"After six weeks, the animal had recovered to the level where it was jumping around. It was very close to the normal level.

"Its gripping strength on the forefeet also recovered to up to 80 per cent."

Prof Okano called the research project a major stride to pave the way for a similar medical technique to be used on humans.

Scientists say the use of human embryonic stem cells as a treatment for cancer and other diseases holds great promise, but the process has drawn fire from religious conservatives and others who oppose it.

Embryonic stem cell research is controversial because human embryos are destroyed in order to obtain the cells capable of developing into almost every tissue of the body.

Your baby can save a life

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Wed, 15 Dec 2010 23:44:00 +0000

(CNN) -- When Leidy Sanchez and her husband, Carlos Reyes, went to the hospital last week to deliver their baby, a nurse got her a gown, hooked her up to a fetal monitor and asked an unexpected question: Would they like to donate cells from their baby's umbilical cord blood to a public bank?"We said, 'For real, people are doing this?' " says Sanchez. "We'd never heard of it."

The couple had heard of private banking, where you pay thousands of dollars to store your baby's cord blood cells, but this was different. The stem cells from Christopher's umbilical cord would be stored, free of charge, at a public bank for potentially anyone in need of a stem cell transplant for leukemia, sickle cell anemia or dozens of other diseases.

It didn't take Sanchez and Reyes long to say yes."We felt good that we could save a life," Sanchez says.

But what about if, heaven forbid, their baby Christopher were to need those cells later in life? They might still be there for him, but then again they might have been given away to someone else."I don't think he'll need them. Hopefully, he'll be healthy," Sanchez says. "But we know there could be someone out there who needs these cells right now."

While private banks advertise heavily to parents, public banks do not, and they hope stories such as Christopher's will encourage other families to donate."If people donated to public banks instead of private ones, many, many lives could be saved," says Dr. Andromachi Scaradavou, medical director of the National Cord Blood Program. "The numbers are huge."But public banks know they face an uphill battle: Parents will always wonder if they should keep those cells for themselves.

Umbilical cord cells often useless to the donor

Transplant specialists, and even private banks themselves, say umbilical cord cells are often of no use to the child who donated them.For example, if a child develops leukemia, there are usually leukemia cells in the cord blood, making them inappropriate for a transplant, transplant experts say. Or if a child has a genetic disorder, such as sickle cell, that same problematic DNA lies in the cord blood cells, rendering them useless.

"I've treated thousands of patients, and I've never used a child's own cord blood cells to treat leukemia, or sickle cell, or other genetic diseases, or immune deficiencies, or bone marrow failure," says Dr. Joanne Kurtzberg, director of the pediatric blood and marrow transplant program at Duke University Medical Center.

Other transplant specialists agree.

"When a kid comes in with leukemia and the mom says, 'We stored his cord blood cells,' I've never used it," says Dr. Haydar Frangoul, director of the pediatric bone and marrow transplant program at Vanderbilt University Medical Center.

"It would be ridiculous to use the child's own cells," he adds. "It would be like taking someone with cystic fibrosis who needs a lung transplant and giving them back their own diseased lung."Scaradavou, a consultant at the pediatric bone marrow transplant program at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, agrees.

"There are very, very, very few situations where a kid could benefit from his own cord blood," she says. "It would be like winning the lottery."Kurtzberg says she is using children's own cord blood cells experimentally to see if they can help treat cerebral palsy or brain damage caused by low oxygen at birth.

"We're in the middle of our study, so we don't know yet if it works," she says.Kathy Engle, a spokeswoman for Cord Blood Registry, a private bank, says it's true that a child's own cells often won't work for himself, but that sometimes they do.

"All transplant physicians make their own determinations on the best route for treatment," she says.In the future, there could be even more uses for umbilical cord cells, she adds.

"Preserving cells today could be something that has very different uses in the future," Engle wrote in an e-mail. "Of course, we cannot predict that, but unfortunately there is only the one chance to collect the cord blood, so parents' decisions are time bound."

Umbilical cord cells helpful for siblingsA child's umbilical cord cells could be useful for a sibling or other family member who needs a transplant, doctors say."When I have a patient whose mother is pregnant, I say they absolutely should go ahead and privately bank those cord blood cells when the baby's born," Frangoul says.

But he adds that often umbilical cord cells aren't enough and doctors have to go in and extract marrow from the child who donated the umbilical cord cells to use in addition."Every time I've used cord blood, I've had to go in and get marrow, too," Frangoul says.He says that's why he chose not to privately bank his own children's umbilical cord cells.

"My wife got all these brochures in the mail, and said, 'Are you sure we don't want to do this?' " he remembers. "But I said, 'Look, it's not going to help the baby, and if we need his cells for a sibling, he'll always be here. He's available. We can always go in and get his marrow."

Private banks advertising too aggressively?

Frangoul, whose sons are 9 and 11, remembers having to do quite a bit of work to persuade his wife not to privately bank their children's umbilical cord cells."These companies advertise heavily and really make the moms feel guilty if they don't bank the cells," he says. "I think it's a travesty."

The Frangouls publicly banked their older son's cells, but they didn't for their younger son since the option wasn't available at the hospital where they delivered.Private cord blood banks defend their marketing to families.

"Our company does not condone the use of guilt or fear-based marketing tactics," says Scott Brown, a spokesman for FamilyCord, a private bank. "FamilyCord advertising is focused on educating families on the current treatments and future potential of stem cells."

If I do public banking, will the cells be there for my family?
If you choose to donate to a public bank, the cells might still be there should you need them.

According to Kurtzberg, director of the Carolinas Cord Blood Bank at Duke University Medical Center, there's a 95 percent chance your child's umbilical cord cells will still be there if you need them, and you get to have them for free.

Here's the catch: Public banks have strict standards and reject about half of all donations because not enough cells were obtained or there are quality problems with the cells, Kurtzberg says. In that case, you can't get your child's cells back because they weren't stored in the first place.

How to publicly bank your child's umbilical cord cells

Here's a list of some 200 hospitals that make it easy to publicly donate your baby's umbilical cord cells. Each hospital has a relationship with one of the more than 40 public banks in the United States.

If you're not delivering at one of these hospitals, the National Marrow Donor Program says you can contact a public bank directly about arranging a donation.A mother can't donate her baby's cord blood if she has certain infections such as HIV or if she has tattoos. Here's a complete list of eligibility requirements.

FDA approves second human embryonic stem cell trial

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Wed, 15 Dec 2010 23:15:00 +0000

For only the second time in history, the Food and Drug Administration has approved human trial of a therapy developed from embryonic stem cells.

William Caldwell, CEO of Massachusetts-based Advanced Cell Technology (ACT), tells CNN that 366 days after filing the application, the FDA granted approval for his company to start a clinical trial using cells grown from human embryonic stem cells. The treatment will be for an inherited degenerative eye disease.

"Were still absorbing the fact that we finally got the approval" says Caldwell. "The real work lies ahead." Getting the trial going is the next big step, says Caldwell. He hopes the first patients can be enrolled by the first quarter of the next year.

In July the FDA gave the Geron Corporation the final go-ahead for its study, which led to the first human being injected with cells derived from human embryonic stems last month. In that study a newly paralyzed patient had a stem cell treatment directly injected into the spinal cord. While the immediate goal is to test the safety of these cells, the ultimate goal in Geron's trial is to permanently repair damage cause by a spinal cord injury.

When ACT's clinical trial gets under way, it,too, will first test the safety of the cells they're injecting. The company is hoping to find a cure for Stargardt Macular Dystrophy, the most common form of juvenile macular degeneration, for which there is currently no cure. It affects about 1 in 10,000 children. People with this disease usually start losing their sight between the ages of 8 to 10 years and can be legally blind by the time they reach their 30s says Caldwell.

Embryonic stem cells are only four to five days old and have the ability to turn into any cell in the body. But the cells patients will receive in both of these clinical trials aren't pure human embryonic stem cells. Geron has coaxed its cells into becoming a type of cell that insulates nerve cells. ACT's stem cells have been turned into healthy retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. RPE cells are naturally found behind the neural retina and it's the death of these cells that leads to blindness in patients with macular degeneration. The company says their animal studies found vision restored after these new RPE cells were injected.

If this treatment works, Caldwell believes it could be applied to other diseases that lead to blindness, including age-related macular degeneration, which affects millions of Americans and will only increase as baby boomers continue to get older.

ACT's method of removing stem cells from an embryo is different from Geron's. ACT developed a method in which only one stem cell is removed from an embryo, similar to a method used in some fertility clinics to test an embryo for genetic abnormalities. That stem cell is then used to grow many more stem cells. By removing only one stem cell, the embryo is not destroyed. Destruction of embryos is the main reason that embryonic stem cell research has been so controversial.

Stem Cells Therapy May Cure Blindness

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Wed, 15 Dec 2010 23:11:00 +0000

London, Nov. 22: A revolutionary stem cell therapy that can restore sight to the blind and prevent others from losing their vision will be tested on humans, according to a report.

Researchers of the Massachusetts biotech firm Advanced Cell Technology have received green signal to carry out the world’s first trial into the power of embryonic stem cells to heal the eye. The first phase of the trial will involve injecting embryonic stem cells into the eyes of teenagers and men and women with hereditary blindness.

Tests on older people with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common form of blindness in the elderly, are expected to follow in 2011, said Dr Robert Lanza, a leading stem cell researcher.

Dr Lanza will soon announce that permission for the trial has been granted, the Daily Mail reported.

“Although the initial trials will take place in the US, British trials are likely to follow. If they replicate the phenomenal results of animal tests, the lives of millions could be transformed,” said the report. In this new treatment, the body’s “master cells”, or stem cells, can turn into other cell types and have tremendous potential as a repair kit for the body.

Izabelle Evans, 4, sees mum and dad for first time after stem cell operation.

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Wed, 15 Dec 2010 23:03:00 +0000

A little girl who has been blind since birth has now seen her mother and father for the first time - at the age of four (Solent News)

Izabelle Evans can now see up to 90cm (3ft) in front of her after travelling to China for stem cell treatment.Parents James Evans and Hollie McHugh and friends raised £50,000 for the therapy, which is not available in Britain, to improve her sight, speech and mobility.But the month-long stay in China’s Qingdao Chengyang People’s Hospital was not easy for the family as they watched Izabelle endure uncomfortable medical treatment five days a week.
However, her parents said nothing could beat the feeling of the first time their daughter looked into their eyes and said: ‘Mummy’ and ‘Daddy’.Miss McHugh, 24, of Hayling Island, Hampshire, said: ‘The results were better than we could ever have dreamed of.‘If you walk past she can see you and say “hiya”.

It is amazing because doctors here said she couldn’t see anything at all before we went.’Izabelle was born with septo optic displasia – a condition which affects just five in a million babies and also causes hormone deficiency and mobility problems.But after the family launched an appeal, well-wishers donated £50,000 in just over a year and a70-year-old man even did a skydive to raise the money.The procedure involves injecting the spinal canal with cells taken from the umbilical cords of healthy babies which then rebuild the optic nerves.Mr Evans, 24, said: ‘We’re going to wait six months because the stem cells continue to work for six months if she stays healthy.’

Stem Cell Recovery at OneTrueMedia.com

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Mon, 13 Dec 2010 21:20:00 +0000

Photo and video editing at www.OneTrueMedia.com

Adult Stem Cells for Tissue Repair — A New Therapeutic Concept?

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Fri, 03 Dec 2010 00:13:00 +0000

Martin Körbling, M.D., and Zeev Estrov, M.D.N Engl J Med 2003; 349:570-582August 7, 2003

This article has no abstract; the first 100 words appear below.

Adult human stem cells that are intrinsic to various tissues have been described and characterized, some of them only recently. These cells are capable of maintaining, generating, and replacing terminally differentiated cells within their own specific tissue as a consequence of physiologic cell turnover or tissue damage due to injury.¹Hematopoietic stem cells that give rise to blood cells and move between bone marrow and peripheral blood are the best-characterized adult stem cells in humans. Recent data suggest that adult stem cells generate differentiated cells beyond their own tissue boundaries, a process termed “developmental plasticity.” In this review we focus . . .

SOURCE INFORMATION

From the Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation (M.K.) and the Department of Bioimmunotherapy (Z.E.), the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Körbling at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Unit 423, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, or at mkorblin@mdanderson.org.

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