<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4722376536388561861</id><updated>2024-09-11T16:29:35.483-03:00</updated><category term="Biologia"/><category term="História"/><category term="Literatura"/><category term="Tecnologia"/><category term="Física"/><title type='text'>SABER DE APRENDIZ</title><subtitle type='html'>Conteúdo com qualidade</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Clara</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05815583509402120931</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGnuCxYoDn7f7JT-uuF27GhL1ewzididDpjQ_VMKSsnAbHc7xXabtX5cDRyqqqWN6Zl4KunVcJCQk-fFjJ2CRWOhNj0wBA-Si69v5gpe9VzvQlmiaX2MdNOahVFja2vA/s220/rosa.jpg'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>20</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4722376536388561861.post-9089535654128494192</id><published>2016-09-03T16:12:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2016-09-03T16:20:30.261-03:00</updated><title type='text'>A tuberculose</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;A tuberculose é uma das doenças causada pelo agente &lt;/span&gt;M&lt;i&gt;ycobacterium tuberculosis&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; responsável na pela morte de milhões de pessoas no mundo todos os
anos. Apesar de possuir esquemas terapêuticos com diferentes medicamentos, com
a intensão de evitar que a bactérias desenvolvam resistência ao fármaco, esse
tratamentos possuem diferentes efeitos adversos, além de possui riscos de uma
não adesão terapêutica devido ao longo período de tratamento (BRASIL, 2011).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;A descoberta de um fármaco com estrutura completamente nova
demanda de 10 a 15 anos de esforço de equipes multidisciplinares, envolvendo
investimentos em torno de 500 milhões de dólares, segundo informação divulgada
no XVII International Symposium on Medicianal Chemistry – Barcelona. Os métodos
atuais de busca de novos fármacos contam com forte contribuição dos estudos de
QSAR que visam a identificação de compostos líderes e dão embasamento
físico-químico para o planejamento de análogos mais específicos, com maior
atividade intrínseca ou com melhor perfil farmacológico, aumentando, desta
forma, as chances de sucesso de inserção de novos fármacos no arsenal
terapêutico. Fornece&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt; informações sobre os requisitos
estruturais essenciais que permitem uma interação adequada do fármaco no seu
sítio receptor. Esta ferramenta também tem o potencial de planejar teoricamente
novas moléculas que satisfaçam as propriedades eletrônicas e estruturais para
um perfeito encaixe no sítio receptor e resulta em derivados com maior
interesse terapêutico, seja por apresentar maior atividade, menor toxicidade
ou, ainda, por adquirir características farmacotecnicamente mais adequadas. (RODRIGUES,
2001; SILVA, 2013; TAVARES, 2004)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-indent: 42.55pt;&quot;&gt;A
tuberculose é uma das doenças recorrentes na atualidade, em 2012 ocorreu &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-indent: 42.55pt;&quot;&gt;9
milhões de casos novos foram notificados em todo
mundo, e aconteceu cerca de 1,3 milhões de mortes em todo o mundo. Estima-se que um terço da população mundial esteja
infectado com o agente etiológico da doença. E é a principal causa de morte de
pessoas que estão infectadas pelo HIV. (CAVALCANTE;
SILVA, 2013).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Essa doença é um problema de saúde publica
brasileira é a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;O Brasil é o 19º país em taxas de
incidência, prevalência e mortalidade entre os 22 países de alta carga de
doença e possui cerca de 80% dos casos no mundo ocorrem no país, mais de 50 milhões de pessoas estejam infectadas pelo M. tuberculosis,
com aproximadamente 80 mil casos novos e quatro a cinco mil mortes a cada ano.
Uma doença duas vezes mais
comum em homes do que em mulheres, em sua maioria entre indivíduos economicamente ativos, de 15 a 54 anos. (SANTOS;
VIEIRA; MAÇANEIRO; SOUZA, 2012; ROGERI; et al., 2013.)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Default&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;A
tuberculose é uma doença granulomatosa caracterizada por &lt;em&gt;necrose caseosa&lt;/em&gt;
causada por uma bactéria gram positiva chamada de M&lt;i&gt;ycobacterium tuberculosis&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: MinionPro-Regular;&quot;&gt;,
também conhecido como bacilo de Koch (BK). &amp;nbsp;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Paiva. D. D. 2006)&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: MinionPro-Regular;&quot;&gt;O complexo &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;M.
tuberculosis &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: MinionPro-Regular;&quot;&gt;e constituído de varias espécies: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;M. tuberculosis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: MinionPro-Regular;&quot;&gt;,
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;M. bovis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: MinionPro-Regular;&quot;&gt;,
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;M. africanum &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: MinionPro-Regular;&quot;&gt;e
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;M. microti. &amp;nbsp;O &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: MinionPro-Regular;&quot;&gt;principal reservatório é o homem. A
tuberculose e transmitida, sobretudo, através do ar. A fala, o espirro e a tosse de um doente de tuberculose pulmonar bacilífera
lança no ar gotículas, contendo no seu interior o bacilo. Calcula-se
que, durante um ano, numa comunidade, um individuo bacilifero poderá infectar,
em media, de 10 a 15 pessoas. a detecção das lesões primarias&amp;nbsp; pode ser vista&amp;nbsp; 4 a 12 semanas após a infecção, mas a a maior
parte dos novos casos costuma aparecer com um ano. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Em uma parte dos casos as pessoas
possuem os bacilos estão presentes no organismo, mas o sistema imune está
mantem o controle da doença. Entre os infectados, a probabilidade de adoecer
aumenta, na presença de imunodepressão, causada, por exemplo, por infecção pelo
vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV), na presença de desnutrição, silicose,
diabetes, pacientes submetidos a gastrectomia, em usuários de drogas
endovenosas e crack. (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: MinionPro-Regular;&quot;&gt;BRASIL, 2005)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Os
sinais e sintomas mais comuns são: tosse seca continua, depois com presença de
secreção por mais quatro semanas, transformando-se, na maioria das vezes, em
tosse com sangue; cansaço excessivo; febre baixa; sudorese noturna; falta de
apetite; palidez; emagrecimento acentuado; rouquidão; fraqueza; dores
musculares e prostração. (ROCHA; CRUZ;
FERMINO, 2013) &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Um
conjunto de exames bacteriológicos são realizados para se obter o diagnostico e
para controle da doença entre eles estão baciloscopia direta do escarro; cultura
de escarro ou outras secreções; exame
radiológico; tomografia computadorizada do tórax; broncoscopia prova
tuberculínica; exame sorológico e de biologia molecular. (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MinionPro-Regular;&quot;&gt;BRASIL, 2005)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;As
bactérias do complexo &lt;i&gt;M. tuberculosis&lt;/i&gt;
é gram positivos, imóveis, não esporulados, não capsulados, aeróbios estritos e
sua faixa de temperatura ótima de crescimento é 35-37°C, têm sua estrutura
bacilar apresentando-se como bacilos medindo 0,2 a 0,6mm de diâmetro e 1 a 10mm
de comprimento que formam ramos alongados e tortuosos, conhecidos como cordas. (COELHO;
MARQUES, 2006)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;A
parede celular de &lt;i&gt;Mycobacterium
tuberculosis&lt;/i&gt;, é caracterizada por seu conteúdo rico em lipídeos complexos.
A parede celular que possui características distintas de coloração devido as
paredes celulares ricas nesses lipídeos são características de todos os membros
do gênero Mycobacterium. a parede é constituída ácido micólico (ácidos graxos de cadeia longa com cerca de 60 a 90 átomos
de carbono), ceras e fosfatídeos que aumenta sua virulência, visto que
possuem efeitos biológicos como a formação do
granuloma (ácidos micólicos) e indução de necrose caseosa (fosfolipídios). E è
uma bactéria álcool-ácido resistência (propriedade utilizada na coloração de
Ziehl–Neelsen com fucsina fenicada a quente) é uma característica decorrente da
composição de sua parede celular. (COELHO; MARQUES. 2006; &amp;nbsp;TORTORA;FUNKE;CASE, 2012)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Para o
tratamento da tuberculose, são utilizados esquemas terapêuticos, onde são
utilizados três a quatros medicamentos como objetivo, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;ter atividade bactericida
precoce; ser capaz de prevenir a emergência de bacilos resistentes; e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #8b0d19; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;ter atividade
esterilizante, estes &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;devem ser administrados diariamente, durante
um longo período, e doses semanais, chamadas de dose de ataque, onde a
concentração dos medicamentos é superior, a dose administradas diária e que são
dadas em ambiente ambulatorial, por isso denominadas tratamento diretamente
observado (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Humanist777BT-RomanB;&quot;&gt;BRASIL, 2011).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;
Esse esquema é cuidadosamente criado para cada paciente, pois a dose utilizada
de cada medicamento vareia de acordo com o peso. O esquema básico para adultos
e adolescentes são &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MinionPro-Regular;&quot;&gt;comprimidos
de doses fixas combinadas dos quatro medicamentos a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Rifampicina&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MinionPro-Regular;&quot;&gt; (R) 150 mg, I&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;soniazida (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MinionPro-Regular;&quot;&gt;H) 75 mg, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Pirazinamida&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MinionPro-Regular;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
(Z) 400 mg e &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Etambutol&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MinionPro-Regular;&quot;&gt; (E) 275 mg, os quatro são administrados durante dois meses,
e apenas o &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Rifampicina&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MinionPro-Regular;&quot;&gt;, I&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;soniazida
são utilizadas nos outros quatro meses. Esse esquema sofre alterações de acordo
com as características de cada paciente, como idade, ou outra doença pré-existente,
e o tipo de tuberculose que será tratado
(SIQUEIRA, 2006).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Pa0&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;O uso prologado desses medicamentos pode gerar resistência, nesses
casos a tuberculose se torna multirresistente quando o paciente passa a possuir
bactérias resistentes a mais de um &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: MinionPro-Regular;&quot;&gt;antimicrobiano, nesse caso &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;o tratamento é feito
em centro de referência, usando-se cinco ou seis medicamen­tos entre eles Terizidona, Pirazinamida, Levofloxacina,
Etambutol, Estreptomicina, por um período de 18 a 24 meses (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: Humanist777BT-RomanB;&quot;&gt;BRASIL,
2011).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MinionPro-Regular;&quot;&gt;É comum ao tratamento da tuberculose as reações adversas
mais frequentes ao esquema com RHZ, entre esses efeitos estão mudança da
coloração da urina (ocorre universalmente), intolerância gástrica (40%), alterações
cutâneas (20%), icterícia (15%) e dores articulares (4%). Deve ser ressaltado
que quando a reação adversa corresponde a uma reação de hipersensibilidade
grave, por exemplo, plaquetopenia, anemia hemolítica, insuficiência renal entre
outros, o medicamento suspeito não pode ser reiniciado após a suspensão, pois
na reintrodução a reação adversa é ainda mais grave &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Humanist777BT-RomanB;&quot;&gt;BRASIL,
2011).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4722376536388561861&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;A grande
quantidade de efeitos adversos, e a resistência desenvolvida das cepas de &lt;i&gt;Mycobacterium tuberculosis &lt;/i&gt;aos
antibióticos já utilizados no tratamento da tuberculose. Demonstram a
necessidade de desenvolvimento de novas drogas. Os altos custos de tempo e são
fatores que dificultam e atrasam o desenvolvimento de novas drogas. Para aperfeiçoar
o processo e economizar recursos a modelagem molécula, que consiste em uma reunião
de um conjunto de técnicas computacionais que permitem a construção, a
visualização, a manipulação e a estocagem de modelos moleculares
tridimensionais. Pois ela permitem a análise conformacional, o cálculo de
propriedades estéreo-eletrônicas e a análise de variações estruturais que
auxiliam na interpretação das correlações entre as estruturas químicas de uma
série de compostos com a variação da atividade farmacológica. Os estudos
envolvendo a relação estrutura-atividade de uma série de compostos são fundamentais
na analise da atividade e na seletividade, além de guiar a síntese de novas
moléculas, diminuído o universo de compostos a serem testados (MAGALHÃES,
2009).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MinionPro-Regular;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Bibliografia:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11.5pt;&quot;&gt;AFONSO, I. F. &lt;b&gt;Modelagem Molecular e Avaliação da Relação
Estrutura-Atividade Acoplados a Estudos Farmacocinéticos e Toxicológicos &lt;i&gt;in
silico &lt;/i&gt;de Derivados Heterocíclicos com Atividade Antimicrobiana.&lt;/b&gt;
Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas);&amp;nbsp; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro,
Faculdade de Farmácia, Rio de Janeiro, 2008&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cambria&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: Humanist777BT-RomanB;&quot;&gt;BARREIROS,
A. L. B. S.; DAVID, J. M. ;DAVID, J.P. Estresse oxidativo: relação entre
geração de espécies reativas e defesa do organismo. &lt;b&gt;Quím. Nova&lt;/b&gt;, vol.29, n.1, pp. 113-123, 2006.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cambria&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: MinionPro-Regular;&quot;&gt;BRASIL, Ministério da
Saúde. Guia de Vigilância Epidemiológica. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde:
Secretaria de Vigilância Epidemiológica, 2005.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cambria&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: Humanist777BT-RomanB;&quot;&gt;BRASIL.
Tratamento diretamente observado (TDO) da tuberculose na atenção básica :
protocolo de enfermagem. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cambria&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: Humanist777BT-RomanB;&quot;&gt;Brasília:
Ministério da Saúde, 2011.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cambria&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;BROWN A. C; PARISH T. Dxr is
essential in &lt;i&gt;Mycobacterium tuberculosis &lt;/i&gt;and fosmidomycin resistance is
due to a lack of uptake&lt;b&gt;. &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cambria&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;BMC Microbiology&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cambria&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cambria&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;vol. &lt;b&gt;8.&lt;/b&gt;n.78, 2008&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cambria&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Cavalcante E. F.O.,
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;CLEMENTE
G. Estudo comparativo de procedimentos
experimentais e computacionais para cálculo da lipofilia molecular. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: FrutigerLTStd-Light;&quot;&gt;SAUDE &amp;amp; TECNOLOGIA , MAI. n. 5, p. 29–34 , 2011.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cambria&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;COELHO, F. S.; MARQUES,
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S. M.C .; PAIVA, S. A. R.;&amp;nbsp; CAMPANA, Á. O.&lt;span class=&quot;article-title&quot;&gt; Vitamina K: metabolismo e nutrição.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Rev. Nutr.&lt;/b&gt; vol.14,
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drug target&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;National Institute Health. Vol. 89 n.1 p. 1-11, Jan.
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M. No contexto do desenvolvimento de fármacos. &lt;b&gt;Fórum&lt;/b&gt;, Jan/Fev,2013&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cambria&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;SILVA M.F. Estudos &lt;i&gt;in vitro &lt;/i&gt;de potenciais
antimaláricos nos estágios intraeritrocítico de &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;plasmodium falciparum.
USP, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;São Paulo, 2012.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;SIQUEIRA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cambria&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; H. R.&lt;b&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;Tratamento&lt;b&gt;. &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;Revista do
Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, UERJ&lt;/b&gt;, Ano 5, Jul. Dez,&amp;nbsp; 2006 &lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;TAVARES,
L.C.&lt;span class=&quot;article-title&quot;&gt; QSAR:
a abordagem de Hansch.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Quím. Nova&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;. vol.27, n.4, pp.
631-639, 2004.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cambria&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;TORTORA,G.J.;FUNKE,B.R.;CASE,C.L.Microbiologia.10ªed.Porto
Alegre:Ed.Artmed,2012&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;WANKE,
M.; SKORUPINSKA-TUDEK, K.; SWIEZEWSKA, E. Isoprenoid biosynthesis &lt;i&gt;via &lt;/i&gt;1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate/2-&lt;i&gt;C&lt;/i&gt;methyl-D-erythritol
4-phosphate (DOXP/MEP) pathway. &lt;b&gt;Acta
Biochimica Polonica&lt;/b&gt;. &lt;b&gt;vol. 48 n°. 3, p. &lt;/b&gt;663–672, &lt;b&gt;2001&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;























































&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/feeds/9089535654128494192/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/4722376536388561861/9089535654128494192?isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/9089535654128494192'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/9089535654128494192'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/2016/09/a-tuberculose.html' title='A tuberculose'/><author><name>Clara</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05815583509402120931</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGnuCxYoDn7f7JT-uuF27GhL1ewzididDpjQ_VMKSsnAbHc7xXabtX5cDRyqqqWN6Zl4KunVcJCQk-fFjJ2CRWOhNj0wBA-Si69v5gpe9VzvQlmiaX2MdNOahVFja2vA/s220/rosa.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4722376536388561861.post-8180290699262133548</id><published>2016-09-03T16:09:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2016-09-03T16:14:08.868-03:00</updated><title type='text'>A síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos (SED)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Hipócrates, em 400 A.C., foi o provável descobridor
da doença. Descreveu as Scitas, um povo que vivia em uma região que hoje faz
parte da Ucrânia e da Tchecoslováquia, cujos habitantes tinham como frouxidão
nas articulações que não podia desenhar o arco, ou lançar o dardo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4722376536388561861&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Em foi publicado em Moscou em 1891, onde o Dr. AN
Chernogubov apresentado na primeira reunião da Sociedade de Dermatologia e
Venereologia, dois casos com fragilidade e hiper elasticidade da pele, a pele
não conseguiu segurar suturas, e hipermobilidade deslocamento das articulações,
e pseudotumor moluscos nos joelhos, cotovelos e outras partes do corpo na
literatura russa, ainda hoje, o SED é conhecido pelo nome de Síndrome
Chernogubov.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;indent&quot;&gt;
Foi então, em Paris, em 1899, onde Edward Ehlers (1863-1937),
um médico dermatologista dinamarquês apresentado outro caso em uma reunião da
Sociedade de Dermatologia e Veneorología. O paciente teve hipermobilidade e
problemas ortopédicos variados e múltiplos. Também havia hiperextensibilidade
da pele e lesões pigmentadas tinha desenvolvido sobre proeminências ósseas
devido a trauma mínimo, também tinha, antes do trauma menor, uma tendência
significativa de sangramento. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;indent&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;indent&quot;&gt;
Cerca de nove anos depois, em 1908, e novamente em Paris,
Henri-Alexandre Danlos (1844-1912) que trabalhava no hospital de Tenon indicado
de outra forma na mesma sociedade. Apresentando 1908 Danlos discordaram sobre
diagnóstico original do paciente feita por outro médico, e insistiu em
extensibilidade e fragilidade da pele que a pessoa tinha. Ele afirmou que as
lesões mais de proeminências ósseas foram traumática e que o paciente tinha um
defeito inerente que Danlos chamado &quot;cutis laxa&quot;. Seguido de várias
discussões em que o médico original mantido seu diagnóstico inicial, mas Danlos
persistiu e fez referência ao relatório que Ehlers havia feito em 1901 e outro
relatório Khon no Congresso em Berna (Suíça) em 1906. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;indent&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;indent&quot;&gt;
Em 1936, a síndrome foi conhecido dermatorrexis, dermatolysis,
cutis pendula, cutis laxa, pele hiperelástico, calasodermia ... &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;indent&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Frederich Parkes-Weber em um artigo publicado no
Jornal da Sociedade Britânica de Dermatologia propôs o nome de &lt;b&gt;Síndrome de
Ehlers-Danlos&lt;/b&gt; para nomear esta doença. Este nome ganhou aceitação entre os
membros da sociedade médica do tempo. (ASEDH,2012) &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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 &lt;v:stroke joinstyle=&quot;miter&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;v:formulas&gt;
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&lt;/v:shapetype&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;Imagem_x0020_2&quot; o:spid=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot;
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 mso-position-vertical-relative:text;mso-width-percent:0;mso-height-percent:0;
 mso-width-relative:page;mso-height-relative:page&#39;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\EIDECL~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg&quot;
  o:title=&quot;pag&quot; cropright=&quot;28680f&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;w:wrap type=&quot;square&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;O colágeno&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;O colágeno é uma proteína fibrosa tem uma forma
cilíndrica longa( tipo bastão) pouco solúveis em aguá e é uma proteína presente
em todos os tecidos e órgãos e oferecem uma base dos tecidos dando a forma de
resistente 74% da pele, 50% de cartilagem e 64% da córnea. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Composto principalmente de glicina, e prolina, e a
hidroxiprolina. O colágeno são glicoproteínas com carboidratos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Existe seis tipos de colágeno, que se diferenciam na
quantidade de carboidrato, e na quantidade de hidrolisinas.&amp;nbsp; (Delvin,2007)..&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;Imagem_x0020_1&quot; o:spid=&quot;_x0000_i1025&quot;
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 style=&#39;width:169.5pt;height:115.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square&#39;&gt;
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&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Tipos de colágeno.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoTableGrid&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;192&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;192&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Tecidos&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;192&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;I&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;192&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Ossos,
  pele, tecido de cicatrização, válvula do coração, parede intestinal e uterina&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;192&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;II&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;192&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Cartilagem,
  vítreo&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;192&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;III&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;192&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Vasos
  sanguíneos, parede intestinal e uterina, tecido de cicatrização,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;192&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;IV&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;192&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Membrana
  basal, capsula do cristalino.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;192&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;V&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;192&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Superfícies
  celulares&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;192&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;VI&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;192&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Placenta,
  rim e pele em quantidades baixas, intima da aorta&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;A síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos (SED) compreende um
grupo heterogêneo de cerca de 11 associações de desordens clínicas e genéticas
do tecido conjuntivo, incluindo órgãos como a pele, vasos e articulações. É um
distúrbio raro, sendo observado 1 caso para cada 5.000 nascimentos e &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;afeta igualmente homens e mulheres de todas as
raças e etnias&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;. Resultado de mutações em genes estruturais de colágeno,
assim como nos genes que codificam as proteínas envolvidas no processamento dessa
proteína.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
á atualmente é dividida por seis grupos, formados por: &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
- Classic (antigo grupos I e II). &lt;br /&gt;
- A hipermobilidade (ex-grupo III). &lt;br /&gt;
- Vascular. &lt;br /&gt;
- Cifoescoliose. &lt;br /&gt;
- Arthrochalasia. &lt;br /&gt;
- Dermatosparaxis. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Tipos
:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;
classificação Villefranche para SED&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot;&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt; width: 151.1pt;&quot; width=&quot;201&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Classificação de Villefranche&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Herança&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Genes defeitos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt; width: 151.1pt;&quot; width=&quot;201&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Tipo clássico SED I &lt;br /&gt;
  SED II&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;AD &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;COL5A1, COL5A2 &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt; width: 151.1pt;&quot; width=&quot;201&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Tipo de hipermobilidade SED III&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;AD &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;TNXB; COL5A3? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 25.3pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;height: 25.3pt; padding: 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt; width: 151.1pt;&quot; width=&quot;201&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Tipo Vascular SED IV&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;height: 25.3pt; padding: 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;AD &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;height: 25.3pt; padding: 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;COL3A1 &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt; width: 151.1pt;&quot; width=&quot;201&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Cifoescoliose tipo SED VI&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;AR &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Hidroxilase lisil &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt; width: 151.1pt;&quot; width=&quot;201&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Tipo arthrochalasia SED VII&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;AD &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;COL1A1, COL1A2 &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt; width: 151.1pt;&quot; width=&quot;201&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Tipo dermatosparaxis EDS VII (C)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;AR &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;V peptidase procolágeno &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;AD:
autossômica dominante &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;AR:
autossômica recessiva &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;XL:
herança ligada ao X &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;hps&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Diferentes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;hps&quot;&gt;tipos clínicos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;hps&quot;&gt;A combinação de&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;hps&quot;&gt;sinais clínicos é&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;hps&quot;&gt;diferentes&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;hps&quot;&gt;entidades clínicas.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;hps&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;hps&quot;&gt;nova&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;hps&quot;&gt;classificação simplificada&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;hps&quot;&gt;identifica seis&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;hps&quot;&gt;tipos de&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;hps&quot;&gt;SED&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;hps&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;Villefranche &lt;span class=&quot;hps&quot;&gt;1997):&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;hps&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;CLÁSSICA - &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;hps&quot;&gt;a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Hiperextensibilidade
cutânea, cicatrizes atróficas, hipermobilidade articular, Pele fina, facilidade
de sofrer traumatismos, pseudo-tumores, moluscoides, hipotonia muscular, complicações
pós-operatórias (hérnia), história familiar positiva de fragilidade tecidual:
hérnia ou prolapso.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;PT&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&amp;amp;hl=pt-BR&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;prev=_t&amp;amp;rurl=translate.google.com.br&amp;amp;sl=en&amp;amp;tl=pt&amp;amp;u=http://www.ednf.org/medical/content/view/110/65/&amp;amp;usg=ALkJrhiZnQB4oTi2O8Clo-3n-6hzhGotrw&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;HIPERMOBILIDADE ARTICULAR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; Pele (fina, macia, aveludada),- a pele fica
frouxa, podendo-se produzir pregas enormes. A flexibilidade das articulações e
ligamentos é exagerada e seus portadores muitas vezes participam de
apresentações artísticas como contorcionistas, bem como haveria facilidade para
esportes como a ginástica artística. No entanto, há risco maior de lesões com o
treinamento exagerado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;hps&quot;&gt;VASCULAR&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;hps&quot;&gt;- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Pele fina e translucente,
fragilidade arterial/ intestinal ou ruptura, traumatismos extensos, fácies
característica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;CIFOESCOLIOSE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Frouxidão
ligamentar, hipotonia severa ao nascimento, escoliose, fragilidade progressiva
de esclera ou ruptura de globo ocular&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;PT&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;ARTROCALASIA
Luxação congênita de quadril, hipermobilidade articular severa, Critério maior
subluxações freqüentes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;hps&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;PT&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;DERMATOPARAXIS Fragilidade cutânea
severa, pele flácida e redundante, Pele fina, facilidade em traumatismos,
ruptura prematura de membranas ovulares, hérnias (umbilicais e inguinais)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Referência &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 9.5pt;&quot;&gt;CRISOSTOMO, Márcio Rocha et al. Cervicoplastia na
flacidez cutânea por síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos: relato de caso.&lt;i&gt; Rev. Bras.
Cir. &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 9.5pt;&quot;&gt;Plást. (Impr.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 9.5pt;&quot;&gt; [online]. 2010, vol.25,
n.3, pp. 556-558. ISSN 1983-5175.&amp;nbsp; http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1983-51752010000300026.
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.5pt; font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;BICCA, Eduardo de Barros
Coelho et al. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9.5pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;Classical Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: clinical,
Histological and ultrastructural aspects.&lt;i&gt; An. Bras. Dermatol.&lt;/i&gt; [online].
2011, vol.86, n.4, suppl.1, pp. 164-167. ISSN 0365-0596.&amp;nbsp;
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0365-05962011000700043&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.5pt; font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;GARCIA RODRIGUEZ, George
N.; LEON JORGE, Maricel; PALACIOS CASTILLO, Tania &amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp; LOPEZ CABELLO,
Jorge Luis. Síndrome de Ehlers Danlos: ¿subregistro clínico en ortopedia
pediátrica?.&lt;i&gt; Rev Cubana Pediatr&lt;/i&gt; [online]. 2008, vol.80, n.2, pp. 0-0.
ISSN 1561-3119. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
Disponivel em: &amp;lt;http://asedh.org/histosed.php&amp;amp;usg=ALkJrhg2YSVATsuXvz5RAS0C5EROHWZt1g&lt;span class=&quot;MsoHyperlink&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoHyperlink&quot;&gt;Dez. 2012&lt;/span&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
Disponível em: &amp;lt;http://www.afsed.com/accueil.htm&amp;gt; &amp;nbsp;dez.2012&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #231f20; font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Lages, Paulo. &amp;nbsp;Lima,
Bruna Mara, Ximenes, Antônio Carlos. Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos:Atualização. &lt;b&gt;estudos&lt;/b&gt;, Goiânia,
v. 33, n. 11/12, p. 853-861, nov./dez. 2006.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;st&quot;&gt;&lt;ins cite=&quot;mailto:Eideclara&quot; datetime=&quot;2012-12-31T15:07&quot;&gt;DEVLIN, T.M. &lt;b&gt;Manual de &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&lt;ins cite=&quot;mailto:Eideclara&quot; datetime=&quot;2012-12-31T15:07&quot;&gt;Bioquímica com Correlações Clínicas&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;st&quot;&gt;&lt;ins cite=&quot;mailto:Eideclara&quot; datetime=&quot;2012-12-31T15:07&quot;&gt;. São Paulo:
Editora Edgard Blücher Ltda.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;ins cite=&quot;mailto:Eideclara&quot; datetime=&quot;2012-12-31T15:08&quot;&gt;6ª &lt;/ins&gt;ed.&lt;ins cite=&quot;mailto:Eideclara&quot; datetime=&quot;2012-12-31T15:07&quot;&gt; 2007&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/feeds/8180290699262133548/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/4722376536388561861/8180290699262133548?isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/8180290699262133548'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/8180290699262133548'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/2016/09/a-sindrome-de-ehlers-danlos-sed.html' title='A síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos (SED)'/><author><name>Clara</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05815583509402120931</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGnuCxYoDn7f7JT-uuF27GhL1ewzididDpjQ_VMKSsnAbHc7xXabtX5cDRyqqqWN6Zl4KunVcJCQk-fFjJ2CRWOhNj0wBA-Si69v5gpe9VzvQlmiaX2MdNOahVFja2vA/s220/rosa.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4722376536388561861.post-6114346752884989160</id><published>2016-09-03T16:05:00.002-03:00</published><updated>2016-09-03T16:05:32.646-03:00</updated><title type='text'>TÉCNICAS DE SEPARAÇÃO DE MISTURAS</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Uma mistura que consiste em duas ou mais substâncias fisicamente, misturadas. Ela pode ser homogênea uma solução de uma fase, ou heterogênea possui mais de uma face independente das quantidades dos compostos. Uma mistura pode ser separada através de processos e técnicas mecânicas e/ou físicas, que exigem um sistema de equipamentos tais como vidrarias, suportes metálicos dentre outros, ou ainda pode ocorrer de forma natural no ambiente.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Neste relatório tratará da separação de (01) uma mistura heterogênea de dois líquidos. (02) uma mistura homogênea e outra heterogênea entre um solido e um líquido separado por filtração, (03) uma mistura homogênea de sólido e liquido separada por destilação simples.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Nas três misturar o solvente é a água, portanto os métodos se separação tem por finalidade, separar a mesma do soluto.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;OBJETIVOS&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A.&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Objetivos Específicos&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;1º Experimento – Decantação de líquidos imiscíveis&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Separar uma mistura heterogênea de 20 ml de água e 20 ml de óleo de soja.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2º Experimento – Filtração de uma mistura de solido e liquido&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Separar uma solução homogênea insaturada de 20 ml de água e cloreto de sódio ou uma mistura heterogênea de 20 ml de água e areia.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3º Experimento – Destilação simples&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &amp;nbsp;Separar uma solução homogênea de água e sulfato de cobre penta anídrico usando um sistema de destilação simples.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
B.&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Objetivos Gerais&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Desenvolver a habilidade e técnica de separação de misturas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;FUNDAMENTAÇÃO TEÓRICA&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1º Experimento – Decantação de líquidos imiscíveis&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Na dissolução de liquido em líquido de divide em miscíveis e imiscíveis, os primeiro os líquidos se misturam. Nos imiscíveis não se misturam por terem caráter diferente. O óleo de soja é apolar e água é polar. Pela base molecular de regra é &quot;semelhante dissolve semelhante&quot;, significando que um solvente dissolverá um soluto se ambos forem semelhantes, ou seja, se ambos forem polares, ou se ambos forem apolares. Assim o óleo de menor densidade, flutua sobre água. Assim com a ação da gravidade ao se abrir a torneira a água faz com que ela passe para o meio externo caindo sobre o frasco. Separação mecânica.&lt;br /&gt;
Para acelerar o processo pode se utilizar um reagente que não interfira como NaCl (cloreto de sódio) que por interagir melhor com água, formando uma solução. O que por sua vez para tanto “desfaz” a sovatação. &amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;2º Experimento – Filtração de uma mistura de solido e liquido&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Consiste em fazer a mistura atravessar um elemento filtrante, ou seja, um meio que contém orifícios ou canais muito pequenos: o líquido passa pelos orifícios, enquanto o sólido, constituído por grãos maiores do que os orifícios, não consegue atravessá-los e fica retido.&lt;br /&gt;
Para separar uma solução de de água com areia ou água e cloreto de sódio pode ser usar as propriedades físicas, tais como a força da gravidade. Para realizar esse processo de separação usa-se um recipiente cônico com o papel de filtro, adaptando-se esse recipiente a um funil comum (que serve a dois propósitos: como suporte, pois o papel é frágil e rasga-se facilmente, principalmente quando molhado; e como condutor para o líquido que passa pelo papel) e derramando-se a mistura no interior desse recipiente. O próprio peso do líquido faz com que ele atravesse a superfície porosa do papel e saia pela haste do funil retendo, porém, as partículas sólidas. Assim a água atravessa a superfície e o solido (areia ou sal) fica retido no papel filtro. Separação mecânica que pode ser comprovada a eficácia por ema ação física como o aquecimento da resultante da filtração.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3º experimento – Destilação simples&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Os componentes de uma solução mantêm suas propriedades, tais como o Ponto de Fusão (PF) e Ponto de Ebulição (P. E), a diferença entre o segundo ponto permite a separação dos componentes. A técnica da destilação compreende duas operações: vaporização e condensação. No laboratório, a vaporização é feita num balão, aquecido geralmente com uma manta elétrica; a condensação é feita em um condensador. A diferença de temperatura da área externa e interna do condensador causa a condensação da água, que pela ação da gravidade cai no recipiente posto do outro lado do condensador.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;MATERIAIS E REAGENTES&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.1 Materiais&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1º Experimento – Decantação de líquidos imiscíveis&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;1 Suporte universal&lt;br /&gt;
•&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;1 Aro para funil&lt;br /&gt;
•&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;2 béquer&lt;br /&gt;
•&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;1 funil de bromo&lt;br /&gt;
•&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Um funil simples&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2º Experimento- Filtração de uma mistura de solido e liquido&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;1 Suporte universal&lt;br /&gt;
•&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;2 béquer&lt;br /&gt;
•&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;1 Aro para funil&lt;br /&gt;
•&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;1 Papel filtro&lt;br /&gt;
•&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;1 Funil simples&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3º experimento – Destilação simples&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;3 suportes universais&lt;br /&gt;
•&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;1 balão de fundo redondo&lt;br /&gt;
•&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Béquer&lt;br /&gt;
•&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;1 condensado&lt;br /&gt;
•&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;1 adaptador&lt;br /&gt;
•&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;3 garras&lt;br /&gt;
•&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;1 termômetro&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.2 Reagentes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1º Experimento – Decantação de líquidos imiscíveis&lt;br /&gt;
•&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;20 ml de água&lt;br /&gt;
•&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;20 ml de óleo&lt;br /&gt;
•&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Sal (NaCl)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2º Experimento - Filtração de uma mistura de solido e liquido&lt;br /&gt;
•&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;20 ml de água&lt;br /&gt;
•&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Sal (NaCl)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3º Experimento - Destilação simples&lt;br /&gt;
•&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt; Água&lt;br /&gt;
•&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Sulfato de cobre penta anídrico &lt;br /&gt;
5.&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;PROCEDIMENTOS EXPERIMENTAIS&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1º Experimento – Decantação de líquidos imiscíveis &lt;br /&gt;
Ilustração do processo de decantação de líquidos,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Para fazer esse experimento foram colocados 20 ml de água e 20 ml de óleo de soja pré medidos em um béquer ou erlenmeyer em um funil de bromo por meio de um funil simples. Uma vez no funil de decantação a solução agita-se de forma leve a solução permitindo a sovatação, a água absorve o óleo, porém não reagem, &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; (algumas soluções formam gás, por isso se destampa a mistura por poucos segundos) após isso deixa se a mistura em repouso e ela ira decantar. Para acelerar a decantação pode se acrescentar uma substancia mais miscível a água como o sal que interage melhor com ela.&lt;br /&gt;
Sendo que o funil de bromo esta seguro por um aro preso em um suporte universal com um béquer ou erlenmeyer abaixo do sistema, assim o óleo de cozinha flutuara sobre a água. Nesse estado abre-se a torneira para a água cair no béquer, e após passar à maioria da água a torneira foi fechada. Sempre com a mão entorno da torneira.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2º Experimento – Filtração de uma mistura de solido e liquido&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Como dobrar papel filtro &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Ilustração do processo de filtração.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Para fazer esse experimento preparou-se uma mistura de 20 ml de água com areia ou cloreto de sódio em um béquer. Prepara-se um sistema para filtrar a mistura, pondo um funil apoiado com um aro para ele e preso por um suporte universal com um béquer ou em baixo do suporte. Dentro do funil é colocado um papel filtro dobrado ao meio e redobrado de forma assimétrica, a dobra maior aberta em uma extremidade, posto de forma uniforme pode ser umidificado para aderir à superfície do vidro. &lt;br /&gt;
É posto dentro do funil a mistura, que reterá partículas de maior tamanho, e absorvera ou transpassará o papel filtro as partículas menores que a permeabilidade do papel filtro, caindo no béquer abaixo. &lt;br /&gt;
Após isso foi retirado 10 ml da mistura já filtrada e foi aquecida a 100º C até que ocorresse a evaporação de toda a água.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3º experimento - Destilação simples&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Imagem ilustrativa dos equipamentos do processo de destilação simples&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Para fazer esse experimento se monta um sistema com um balão de fundo redondo onde foi posto a solução de água e sulfato de cobre PA, e aquecido por uma manta. Com a intenção de que a temperatura na qual a pressão do vapor se iguale à pressão atmosférica assim a água de ponto de ebulição menor, evapore, em um ambiente fechado. Água em estado de vapor tem como único caminho o adaptador para condensador e neste por um tubo externo a saída de água em estado liquido, corre em contra fluxo ao vapor de água, sendo este de baixa temperatura, que condensa as partículas de água que atravessam o condensador e outro adaptador alcançando o béquer sendo uma substância pura no caso água destilada.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
.&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÕES&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;1º Experimento – Decantação de líquidos imiscíveis&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nesse experimento observa-se a imiscibilidade do óleo de soja com a água. devido a natureza dos elementos que não regem, mantendo-se uma substancia heterogêneas apesar da leve agitação e flotação da mistura, comprovando que &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; “igual dissolve igual”. &amp;nbsp;E que com tempo essa separação não pode ocorre como qualquer outra com 100% de rendimento real, a sempre uma parte que e perdida ou que não pode ser retirada.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2º Experimento– Filtração de uma mistura de solido e liquido&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Como resultado obteve-se da observação após o aquecimento, e a evaporação da água a presença de Cloreto de Sódio ou areia no recipiente, mostrando que a filtração não é totalmente eficiente, parte das partículas atravessam a superfície do papel filtro. Devido à composição do sal e da areia que possuem uma quantidade que reage devido à solubilidade transpassando o papel filtro.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3º Experimento - Destilação simples&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Como resultado se obteve água destilada após o condensador e o soluto separado, devido ao ponto de ebulição da água ser menor do que o da outra substância do composto. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
7.&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt; CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp; Nos três experimentos aprendi três coisas básicas, cada mistura de acordo com os seus componentes necessita de técnicas e sistemas distintos, a eficácia da separação não é completa em alguns dos processos. E ele segue a lei da física na pratica, a que possibilita a separação.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
8.&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;REFERÊNCIAS&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Livros:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
RUSSEL J. B. Química Geral. 2. ed. Vol. 1 São Paulo: Makron Books, 1994&lt;br /&gt;
Kotz, John C.; Treichel Jr., Paul; Macedo, Horácio Química &amp;amp; reações químicas LTC - Livros Técnicos e Científicos Rio de Janeiro 1998.&lt;br /&gt;
Fundamentos de Química Experimental Autores: Mauricio Gomes Constantino Gil Valdo José da Silva Paulo Marcos Donate - http://books.google.com.br/books/about/Fundamentos_de_Qu%C3%ADmica_Experimental_Vol.html?hl=pt-BR&amp;amp;id=8L4RaCKKSAIC&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/feeds/6114346752884989160/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/4722376536388561861/6114346752884989160?isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/6114346752884989160'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/6114346752884989160'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/2016/09/tecnicas-de-separacao-de-misturas.html' title='TÉCNICAS DE SEPARAÇÃO DE MISTURAS'/><author><name>Clara</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05815583509402120931</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGnuCxYoDn7f7JT-uuF27GhL1ewzididDpjQ_VMKSsnAbHc7xXabtX5cDRyqqqWN6Zl4KunVcJCQk-fFjJ2CRWOhNj0wBA-Si69v5gpe9VzvQlmiaX2MdNOahVFja2vA/s220/rosa.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4722376536388561861.post-8022450752333666126</id><published>2016-09-03T16:00:00.002-03:00</published><updated>2016-09-03T16:00:56.844-03:00</updated><title type='text'>ATIVIDADE DE POLIFENOLOXIDASE EM MAÇA</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Um problema existente
do processamento mínimo de frutas e hortaliças é a significativa possibilidade
que estas têm de sofrer escurecimento enzimático. Este ocorre principalmente
após situações desfavoráveis causadas pelo ambiente permitindo o contato entre
a enzima polifenoloxidase (PFO) e os substratos fenólicos gerando alterações
indesejáveis na cor, sabor e aroma dos vegetais resultando na maioria dos casos
em produtos com má aparência &amp;nbsp;e estes
geralmente são rejeitados pelos consumidores.&amp;nbsp;
Por outro lado, a PFO funções positivas como desenvolvimento do sabor e
cor dos alimentos como, por exemplo, do chá preto, diminuição do amargor e
adstringência dos produtos do cacau e formação de aldeídos de aminoácidos. (SANTOS,
2009)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;As polifenoloxidases (PFO)
fazem parte de um grande grupo de enzimas conhecidas como oxidorredutases, que
oxidam fenóis a o-quinonas na presença de oxigênio molecular. Os compostos
fenólicos, substratos da PFO, são sintetizados no retículo endoplasmático por
uma sequência de reações iniciadas pela enzima felilalanina amônia-liase na via
dos fenilpropanóides.&amp;nbsp; Uma vez formados
estes compostos são glicosilados e expulsos através de vesículas formadas pela
membrana do retículo endoplasmático. (SANTOS, 2009)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Essas vesículas são os
veículos pelos quais os compostos fenólicos são transportados ao vacúolo (onde
ocorre em maior quantidade) e à parede celular.&amp;nbsp;
A PFO é encontrada nos plastídios em tecidos saudáveis e somente na
degeneração ou em tecido desgastados ela ocorre livre no citoplasma, levando a
rápida oxidação de fenóis e consequente produção de pigmentos escuros. (SANTOS,
2009)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;No centro ativo da polifenoloxidases
existem dois íons Cu&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;, cujos campos de ligação contêm dois resíduos
de histidina cada um. Seguindo mecanismo ordenado, a enzima liga primeiro o
oxigênio e depois o monofenol, com formacção de compostos intermediários. Mudança
de valência dos íons cobre (Cu&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; a Cu&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;) provoca a
formação de complexo enzima-substrato, no qual a ligação O – O fica tão
polarizada que ocorre a hidroxilação, seguida da formação de um o-difenol. A
oxidação do o-difenol a o-quinona termina o ciclo. As quinonas são compostos
amarelados, instáveis e reativos que podem: reagir entre si formando polímeros
com alta massa molecular de cor escura, denominados melaninas; formar complexos
com aminoácidos ou proteínas; e oxidar compostos com baixo potencial de
oxidoredução (SILVA, ROSA, VILAS BOAS,2009).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Existem diversos
estudos em busca de maneiras para impedir essa reação, utilizando a
temperatura, modificação da atmosfera, agentes químicos, irradiação,
modificação genética. Na pratica realizada analisou-se apenas os agentes
químicos, dentre eles: Agentes
redutores ou antioxidantes, Agentes
quelantes e sais e a sacarose.&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;REFERÊNCIAS &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;SANTOS,
IZABELLA RODRIGUES.Escurecimento enzimático em frutos:Polifenoloxidase de
atemóia (Annona cherimola Mill. X Annona squamosa L.).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Disponível
em: &lt;http: limentosenutricao=&quot;&quot; ome=&quot;&quot; osgraduacao=&quot;&quot; www2.fcfar.unesp.br=&quot;&quot; zabellachavesme.pdf=&quot;&quot;&gt;
Acessado em: 13 nov 2013.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/http:&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;SILVA, M. V.; ROSA, C. I. L. F.; VILAS BOAS, E. V. B. Conceitos e
métodos de controle do escurecimento enzimático no processamento mínimo de
frutas e hortaliças. &lt;b&gt;Boletim do CEPPA&lt;/b&gt;, Curitiba, v. 27, n. 1, p. 83-96,
2009.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;











&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/feeds/8022450752333666126/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/4722376536388561861/8022450752333666126?isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/8022450752333666126'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/8022450752333666126'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/2016/09/atividade-de-polifenoloxidase-em-maca.html' title='ATIVIDADE DE POLIFENOLOXIDASE EM MAÇA'/><author><name>Clara</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05815583509402120931</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGnuCxYoDn7f7JT-uuF27GhL1ewzididDpjQ_VMKSsnAbHc7xXabtX5cDRyqqqWN6Zl4KunVcJCQk-fFjJ2CRWOhNj0wBA-Si69v5gpe9VzvQlmiaX2MdNOahVFja2vA/s220/rosa.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4722376536388561861.post-6815089420170886753</id><published>2016-09-03T15:58:00.002-03:00</published><updated>2016-09-03T15:58:27.758-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Glândula pineal o corpo pineal</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
É &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;uma glândula endócrina cujas secreções são influenciadas
pela presença ou ausência de luz.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Localiza se no diencéfalo, presa por uma haste á parte
posterior do teto do terceiro ventrículo. E estende para dentro do seu
pedículo, o qual esta fixado &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Formato: Ela é cônica e achatada (&lt;span style=&quot;color: navy; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;com o formato de uma pinha)&lt;/span&gt; mede 5 a 8 mm de&amp;nbsp; comprimento e 3 a 5 mm de largura pesa de 100
a 180 mg. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;É coberta pela &lt;u&gt;pia-máter,&lt;/u&gt; que forma uma cápsula da
qual se estendem septos do tecido conjuntivo, que penetram na glândula, dividindo
em lóbulos.&amp;nbsp; Os septos levam os vasos
sanguíneos e nervos ao interior da célula. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Células das glândulas pineais&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Pinealócitos – São 95% das células da pineal estão
organizados em grupos ou cordões dentro de lóbulos. A célula tem longos
prolongamentos cujas dilatações terminais se aproximam de capilares. Ter
núcleos esféricos e grandes e nucléolo proeminente único. Contem profunda
invaginações. &amp;nbsp;Ela tem por característica
ter grânulos envoltos por membrana&amp;nbsp; e um
grande numero de&amp;nbsp;microtúbulos&amp;nbsp;dispostos em feixes paralelos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape
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  o:title=&quot;&quot; croptop=&quot;10376f&quot; cropbottom=&quot;8056f&quot; cropleft=&quot;8558f&quot; cropright=&quot;21974f&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A função dessa célula é sintetizar melatonina, e liberado
durante a noite inibindo a libertação dos hormônios do crescimento – produzido
pela hipófise- e conadotrofina – pelo hipotálamo. A produção é estimulada por
noradrenalina &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Possui principais inervações são as &lt;b&gt;fibras pós-ganglionares simpáticos&lt;/b&gt; que vem do &lt;b&gt;glangilonares simpáticos&lt;/b&gt;, estimulado pela luz, os axônios nas
glândulas fazem sinapse com o pinealocitos que produzem o hormônio. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Células Gliais ou interticias – em torno dos cordões pinealocitos,
há as células gliais que correspondem a 5% das células tem núcleo pequeno
pequeno e alongado, dela saem prolongamentos citoplasmáticos com inúmeros
filamentos intermediários&amp;nbsp;microtúbulos&amp;nbsp;e microfilamentos. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Areia cerebral – é uma concreção de fosfato e cálcio
encontradas cada vez mais durante a vida. E esta localizada no material
extracelular do tecido conjuntivo, e não interferem no funcionamento da
glândula. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape
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 &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\EIDECL~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image009.png&quot;
  o:title=&quot;&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Bibliografia:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;http://www.crono.icb.usp.br/glandpineal.htm&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;http://www.uff.br/fisiovet/Conteudos/pineal.htm&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/feeds/6815089420170886753/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/4722376536388561861/6815089420170886753?isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/6815089420170886753'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/6815089420170886753'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/2016/09/glandula-pineal-o-corpo-pineal.html' title='Glândula pineal o corpo pineal'/><author><name>Clara</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05815583509402120931</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGnuCxYoDn7f7JT-uuF27GhL1ewzididDpjQ_VMKSsnAbHc7xXabtX5cDRyqqqWN6Zl4KunVcJCQk-fFjJ2CRWOhNj0wBA-Si69v5gpe9VzvQlmiaX2MdNOahVFja2vA/s220/rosa.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4722376536388561861.post-4473460547969368984</id><published>2010-09-30T21:55:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2010-09-15T10:37:15.237-03:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;Section1&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;text-indent:27.0pt; tab-stops:468.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;Cosmologia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt;tab-stops:432.0pt 468.0pt 477.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;tab-stops:432.0pt 468.0pt 477.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;Definição de cosmologia:&lt;/b&gt; Cosmologia é a Ciência que estuda a estrutura, evolução e composição do universo. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;Section2&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;text-indent:27.0pt; tab-stops:468.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;O inicio&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Cosmologia:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt;tab-stops:468.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; Desde as primeiras civilizações o homem procurou explicar a&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;sua origem e do planeta, primeiro por meio da mitologia (&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;Cosmologia Pré-Científica). Depois pela filosofia. O Inicio da Cosmologia Científica foi na Grécia, com os filósofos e matemáticos da época, que através de seus estudos e observações, procuraram ter uma noção do universo e do planeta.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt;tab-stops:468.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Aristóteles determinou a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;teoria geocêntrica (de que todos os astros giravam em torno da terra). A teoria heliocêntrica só foi conhecida através de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;color:black;&quot;&gt;Nicolau Copérnico (1473-1543), amplamente divulgada e aprimorada por Kepler e comprovada pelas pesquisas de Galileu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt;tab-stops:468.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;Section3&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;text-indent:27.0pt; tab-stops:468.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;Teorias sobre a formação e evolução do universo&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;text-indent:27.0pt; tab-stops:468.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold; &quot;&gt;Relatividade geral&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;Section4&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt;tab-stops:468.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Em 1917, o físico alemão Albert Einstein (1879-1955)&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;apresentou ao mundo o primeiro modelo cosmológico com base científica, este foi resultado da aplicação, ao universo como um todo, de sua teoria da relatividade geral. (&lt;u&gt;as três dimensões espaciais, comprimento, altura e largura formam um uno indissociáveis com a quarta dimensão, o tempo)&lt;/u&gt;. Esta Teoria dizia que o universo é estático e o espaço é encurvado pela presença de matéria, as partículas seguem trajetórias nesse espaço curvo. Essa teoria se aplicava a gravidade, como a força que mantém os corpos em orbita em volta do sol. Para explicar o fato deles não serem atraídos para mais próximo do sol Einstein colocou em sua teoria as constantes cosmológicas, nome dado a um tipo de força anti-gravidade, esta força reagiria contra a gravidade e deixaria o universo estático. Mas um universo estático não era compatível com sua teoria.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;Section6&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;text-indent:27.0pt; tab-stops:9.0pt 1.0cm 54.0pt 468.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace: none&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;Modelo Cosmológico Padrão&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;text-indent:27.0pt; tab-stops:9.0pt 1.0cm 54.0pt 468.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace: none&quot;&gt;Big Bang&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt;tab-stops:9.0pt 1.0cm 54.0pt 468.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; Em 1927 – o astrônomo e padre belga Georges Lemaître (1894-1966) chegou a resultados teóricos que mostravam que o universo se expandia. Porém, foi além. Alegou que, se as galáxias hoje se afastam isso significa que, no passado, estiveram mais próximas. Lemaître calculou que toda a massa do universo esteve reunida num único ponto. Em 1933, ele deu a isso o nome de átomo primordial (algo extremamente quente e denso), que para criar o universo, teria se partido em inúmeros pedaços.&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt; Em 1950 Fred Hoyle sugeriu pejorativamente o nome &quot;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;Big Bang&lt;/span&gt;&quot; para o evento de início do Universo. A primeira descoberta que ajudou essa teoria foi a de Edwin Hubble, este descobriu que a nebulosa de Andrômeda, antes vista um filete de poeira estelar dentro de nossa galáxia na verdade é outra galáxia a milhares de anos-luz. E também descobriu que as inúmeras galáxias estavam se afastando da Via Láctea. Assim o universo que antes tinha 100 mil anos-luz passou a ter bilhões de anos-luz, isso comprovava a expansão. Mas está teoria não foi de imediata aceita pela comunidade cientifica, pois não existiam provas até então.&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;Section8&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt;tab-stops:468.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;                                            &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;text-indent:27.0pt; tab-stops:468.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;Teoria do estado estacionário&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;Section9&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt;tab-stops:468.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none&quot;&gt;Criada por Fred Hoyle, a chamada teoria do estado estacionário defendia a eternidade do universo, portanto estático, daí o nome do modelo. Este se baseava na origem de alguns elementos da tabela periódica. Em temperaturas estremas o hidrogênio se funde transformando-se em Helio, e este se funde dando origem a elementos mais pesados. E ele acreditava que a essa nucleossíntese (a criação de novos elementos) ocorria no núcleo de estrelas muito quentes. Para explicar a origem do hidrogênio ele adotou a teoria que o hidrogênio e o Helio sempre existiram. Segundo a teoria o universo sempre teve a mesma aparência, densidade e temperatura, porém já se sabia de sua expansão, segundo a sua teoria o universo estaria infinitamente diluído, para explicar isso Hoyle disse que em algum lugar no universo a matéria estava sendo continuamente criada. Como idealizadores Alem de Hoyle havia os austríacos Thomas Gold (1920-2004) e Herman Bondi (1919-2005)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;Section11&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;margin-right: -47.75pt; text-indent: 27pt; &quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-right:10.0pt;text-align:justify;tab-stops: 468.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;margin-top:0cm;margin-right:10.0pt; margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center; tab-stops:468.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;WMAP&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-top:0cm;margin-right:10.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;tab-stops:468.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-right:-1.4pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 9.0pt;tab-stops:9.0pt 468.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;WMAP (W&lt;/b&gt;ilkinson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;M&lt;/b&gt;icrowave&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;A&lt;/b&gt;nisotropy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;P&lt;/b&gt;robe) é uma sonda da&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA&quot; title=&quot;NASA&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none&quot;&gt;NASA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;cuja &lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;missão é &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;comprovar as teorias sobre a origem e evolução do&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universo&quot; title=&quot;Universo&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none&quot;&gt;universo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;Foi lançada em &lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/30_de_junho&quot; title=&quot;30 de junho&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none&quot;&gt;30 de junho&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001&quot; title=&quot;2001&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:windowtext; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none&quot;&gt;2001&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabo_Canaveral&quot; title=&quot;Cabo Canaveral&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none&quot;&gt;Cabo Canaveral&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%C3%B3rida&quot; title=&quot;Flórida&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none&quot;&gt;Flórida&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estados_Unidos&quot; title=&quot;Estados Unidos&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none&quot;&gt;Estados Unidos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;Section12&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;text-indent: 27pt; &quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; Prova do Big Bang&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;text-indent:27.0pt; tab-stops:468.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold; &quot;&gt;UM RUÍDO TENUE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;Section13&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt;tab-stops:468.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none&quot;&gt;Em 1964, por acaso, os físicos norte-americanos Arno Penzias e Robert Wilson, que trabalhavam no Laboratório Bell (Estados Unidos), detectaram, com o auxílio de uma antena de rádio, um ‘ruído’ extremamente tênue, porém persistente em todas as direções do céu. Quatro físicos norte-americanos, Robert Dicke (1916-1997), James Peebles, Peter Roll e David Wilkinson (1935-2002), que se preparavam para tentar medir a mesma radiação, logo perceberam do que se tratava: um ‘eco’ do Big Bang, um ‘eco’ de uma época em que as partículas de luz (fótons) passaram a viajar livremente, sem interagir com a matéria. Essa radiação fóssil tem hoje a temperatura de 2,725 kelvin (cerca de &lt;st1:metricconverter productid=&quot;270ﾰC&quot; st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;270°C&lt;/st1:metricconverter&gt; negativos) e é um ‘retrato’ do universo 380 mil anos depois do Big Bang.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;margin-right: 10pt; text-indent: 27pt; &quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold; &quot;&gt;TEORIA DA INFLAÇÃO &lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-transform:uppercase&quot;&gt;Cósmica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;Section15&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-right:-1.4pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;tab-stops:468.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;Para &lt;/span&gt;explicar porque a temperatura da radiação de fundo é praticamente a mesma em qualquer direção do espaço, e&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt; como o universo se tornou homogêneo na primeira fase de sua expansão. &lt;/span&gt;Alan Guth concluiu&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;que o universo, ainda muito quente e denso, tenha expandido violentamente por um curtíssimo período de sua história. Entre 10&lt;sup&gt;-35&lt;/sup&gt; e 10&lt;sup&gt;-32&lt;/sup&gt; s de vida, o universo se expandiu exponencialmente.&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt; Segundo essa teoria, &lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universo&quot; title=&quot;Universo&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration:none;text-underline: nonecolor:windowtext;&quot;&gt;universo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;surgiu há pelo menos 13,7 bilhões de anos, a partir de um estado inicial e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura&quot; title=&quot;Temperatura&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration:none; text-underline:nonecolor:windowtext;&quot;&gt;temperatura&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;e &lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densidade&quot; title=&quot;Densidade&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration:none;text-underline:nonecolor:windowtext;&quot;&gt;densidade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;altamente elevadas&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;margin-right: 10pt; &quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold; &quot;&gt;WMAP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;Section16&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-top:0cm;margin-right:10.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;tab-stops:468.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-top:0cm;margin-right:10.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;tab-stops:468.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-top:0cm;margin-right:10.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;tab-stops:468.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-top:0cm;margin-right:10.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;tab-stops:468.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: normal; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;WMAP (W&lt;/b&gt;ilkinson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;M&lt;/b&gt;icrowave&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;A&lt;/b&gt;nisotropy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;P&lt;/b&gt;robe) é uma sonda da&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA&quot; title=&quot;NASA&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration:none;text-underline:nonecolor:windowtext;&quot;&gt;NASA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;cuja missão é &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;comprovar as teorias sobre a origem e evolução do&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universo&quot; title=&quot;Universo&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration:none;text-underline:nonecolor:windowtext;&quot;&gt;universo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;Foi lançada em &lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/30_de_junho&quot; title=&quot;30 de junho&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration:none; text-underline:nonecolor:windowtext;&quot;&gt;30 de junho&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001&quot; title=&quot;2001&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot; text-decoration:none;text-underline:nonecolor:windowtext;&quot;&gt;2001&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabo_Canaveral&quot; title=&quot;Cabo Canaveral&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration:none;text-underline:nonecolor:windowtext;&quot;&gt;Cabo Canaveral&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%C3%B3rida&quot; title=&quot;Flórida&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration:none;text-underline: nonecolor:windowtext;&quot;&gt;Flórida&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estados_Unidos&quot; title=&quot;Estados Unidos&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration:none; text-underline:nonecolor:windowtext;&quot;&gt;Estados Unidos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-right:-1.4pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 9.0pt;tab-stops:9.0pt 468.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold; &quot;&gt;De acordo com os modelos atuais do universo, os dados do WMAP e de outras ferramentas os físicos fizeram um modelo dos acontecimentos logo depois do Big Bang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 9.0pt left 468.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;§&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Menos de um bilionésimo de segundos depois do Big Bang, uma bolha muito menor que uma fração de um átomo se formou ela era extremamente quente, dentro dessa bolha estão às quatro forças da natureza: a gravidade, eletromagnetismo, e as força nuclear forte e a fraca, combinadas em uma super-força. A gravidade se separa da super força, enquanto o universo se expande.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 9.0pt left 468.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;§&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Enquanto o universo continua se expandindo ele esfria, formando uma explosão de energia, alimentando a hiper-inflação do universo sugerida por Alan Guth, a inflação cósmica&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;estabelece a uniformidade do universo, registrada pela WMAP.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 9.0pt left 468.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;§&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ante de o universo completar 1s de idade quando a super força se divide nas quatro forças da natureza&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 9.0pt left 468.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;§&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;3 min. após o Big Bang a temperatura do universo cai para quinhentos e cinquenta milhões °C, o bastante para permitir a formação do núcleo atômico e o surgimento do hidrogênio, alguns átomos se fundem criando o hélio, como na teoria proposta por Ganow e Apher. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 9.0pt left 468.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;§&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;380 mil anos depois a luz viaja pela escuridão, aconteceu à explosão de radiação descoberta por&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Penzias e Wilson&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 9.0pt left 468.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;§&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Um bilhão de anos depois do Big Bang formam as estrelas produzindo elementos pesados como o nitrogênio, oxigênio e carbono como previsto por Hoyle.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 9.0pt left 468.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;§&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Após nove bilhões de anos a matéria e a gravidade se condenam formando uma estrela perfeita, a pressão cria calor em seu núcleo acionando a fusão termo nuclear, nasce o sol, o fluxo estelar remove os resíduos gasosos.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 9.0pt left 468.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;§&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Um disco de poeira se forma ao redor da estrela e eventualmente se expande criando uma serie de planetas e luas &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 9.0pt left 468.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;§&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Um desses blocos de poeira estelar após ser golpeado por fragmentos solares ao longo por muitos anos apresentou temperatura adequada para permitir a formação de água, e depois a vida.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 9.0pt left 468.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;§&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;13,7 bilhões de anos ± 200 milhões de anos depois, nosso universo se expande por 150 bilhões de anos luz, e que está curvado em sua representação espaço-tempo com forma de cone.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 9.0pt left 468.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;§&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Nosso sistema solar possui oito planetas e o terceiro deles é habitado por seres vivos compostos de carbono e outros elementos.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;tab-stops:468.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; Mas o que ninguém sabe responder é:&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;tab-stops:468.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-top:0cm&quot; type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt left 468.0pt&quot;&gt;De onde vieram essas forças?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt left 468.0pt&quot;&gt;Como podem ser tão poderosas?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt left 468.0pt&quot;&gt; O que causo que a gravidade se      separar?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt left 468.0pt&quot;&gt;Como a temperatura mudou, e por quê?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt left 468.0pt&quot;&gt;Porque só a terra criou-se a vida?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt left 468.0pt&quot;&gt;Como pode ser tudo&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;perfeitamente programado pela vida?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;  &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; ISSO&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;OS CIENTISTAS NÃO VÃO PODER RESPONDER OUTRA COISA A NÃO SER:&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;tab-stops:468.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; FOI DEUS QUE CROU TUDO PERFEITAMENTE PRONTO PARA QUE HOVESSE VIDA.&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;tab-stops:468.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/feeds/4473460547969368984/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/4722376536388561861/4473460547969368984?isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/4473460547969368984'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/4473460547969368984'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/2009/08/cosmologia-definicao-de-cosmologia.html' title=''/><author><name>Clara</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05815583509402120931</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGnuCxYoDn7f7JT-uuF27GhL1ewzididDpjQ_VMKSsnAbHc7xXabtX5cDRyqqqWN6Zl4KunVcJCQk-fFjJ2CRWOhNj0wBA-Si69v5gpe9VzvQlmiaX2MdNOahVFja2vA/s220/rosa.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4722376536388561861.post-8860540933450257228</id><published>2010-07-08T10:33:00.006-03:00</published><updated>2010-09-15T10:25:58.636-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Energia da Ondas</title><content type='html'>&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;O que a energia das ondas? &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A energia das ondas é consequência natural da energia solar e da energia eólica.  Considerando que as ondas começam com o vento, que surge como resultado do aquecimento da&amp;nbsp;Terra pelo&amp;nbsp;Sol.&amp;nbsp;À medida que parte do ar se aquece, ele se torna menos denso e, com isso, mais leve, flutuando naturalmente para cima. Isso deixa espaço aberto para ar mais denso e frio, que pode correr para ocupar esse espaço. À medida ele corre pela superfície da água, o atrito causa ondulações. O vento continua a fazer pressão contra essas ondulações, criando assim uma grande onda. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Um fato interessante é que as ondas movimentam energia, e não água, por grandes distâncias. A água funciona como meio pelo qual a&amp;nbsp;energia cinética&amp;nbsp;- ou energia do movimento - se move. A água está se movimentando, claro, mas apenas em movimento circular. Em outras palavras, as partículas de água se comportam como as rodas que fazem girar uma cinta transportadora - elas giram para que a cinta se mova sobre elas, mas não avançam no processo.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;A utilidade da energia das ondas &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As ondas dos mares não são só belas, elas possuem energia cinética (energia de movimento) e a partir daí pode-se transformá-las em outro tipo de energia aplicada ao o que é necessário no dia a dia. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Utilizar a&amp;nbsp;energia das ondas&amp;nbsp;implica em recolher o imenso poder das ondas oceânicas. As ondas produzem uma grande quantidade de energia e apenas uma pequena parte dela poderia ser utilizada para fornecer uma parcela da eletricidade que o mundo consome a cada dia. Ainda que variem as estimativas quanto ao montante com que as ondas poderiam contribuir para o consumo mundial de energia, há quem diga que poderia atingir os 10%.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Teoricamente, porém, isso não chega nem perto da quantidade de energia que as ondas do oceano poderiam prover. Apenas 0,2% bastariam para abastecer todo o planeta. Com base nisso, é surpreendente que as pessoas não estejam prestando mais atenção nisso e investindo no desenvolvimento da energia das ondas.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Ela possui vantagens que a eólica não possui, enquanto o vento pode precisar de muito espaço para conter alguma energia, ondas recolhem grande volume de energia em espaço relativamente pequeno. Outra vantagem é que as ondas oceânicas são confiáveis - é mais fácil prever de que maneira as ondas se moverão do que para onde soprará o vento. Além disso, o vento apenas começa uma onda, mas ela pode percorrer grande distância sozinha.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conversores da energia das ondas&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;b&gt;WECs ou CEOs&lt;/b&gt;)&lt;b&gt;      &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Terminadores&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; São aparelhos que capturam a energia das ondas em posição vertical ao seu movimento. Eles são formados por um  componente estacionário e um componente que se move em resposta à onda. A parte &quot;estacionária&quot; pode estar fixa em terra ou no piso do mar. Precisa se manter imóvel, em contraste com a porção móvel. Move-se para cima e para baixo, e esse movimento pressórisa ar ou óleo que acionam uma turbina. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Coluna Oscilatória de Água&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;b&gt;COA&lt;/b&gt;)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A imagem exibida acima é um terminador. As COAs têm duas aberturas - uma no fundo, a qual permite que a água&amp;nbsp;entre na coluna, e uma estreita, no topo, a qual permite que o ar entre e saia. Quando as ondas enchem a coluna de água, isso pressuriza o ar no interior e o força a passar pela abertura superior. O ar encontra a turbina e a movimenta. Depois, quando as ondas recuam, a água corre para fora, e isso suga o ar de volta pelo topo, acionando a turbina de novo.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Dispositivo de alagamento&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Ele&lt;b&gt;      &lt;/b&gt;inclui uma parede que recolhe a água das ondas em um reservatório. A água pode escapar por uma abertura, mas ao passar, aciona uma turbina. O tipo mais famoso de terminador é conhecido como&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Salter&#39;s Duck&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;e inclui uma cabeça flutuante, em formato de lágrima, que aciona a turbina. Ainda que não tenha sido construído na prática, esse aparelho seria teoricamente o WEC mais eficiente.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Outros tipos de (WECs&lt;sub&gt;       &lt;/sub&gt;ou CEOs ) &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Atenuador&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Esses aparelhos têm orientação paralela à do movimento da onda. Um dos mais conhecidos exemplos é o do&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Pelamis&lt;/b&gt;, uma série de longos aparelhos cilíndricos flutuantes conectados uns aos outros por dobradiças e ancorados ao leito do mar. As partes cilíndricas acionam aríetes hidráulicos nas seções conectadas, que acionam um gerador elétrico. O aparelho envia a eletricidade ao piso do mar por um cabo e de lá ela percorre outro cabo que a conecta a terra.&amp;nbsp;Os Atenuadores são os objetos mais utilizados para a obtenção de energia através das ondas. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Nas duas concepções artísticas mostra uma fazenda de aparelhos Pelamis. Como atenuadores, eles seguem a mesma orientação das ondas&lt;b&gt;. &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Absorvedor pontual&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Esses aparelhos não ficam posicionados de forma específica em relação ao movimento das ondas, mas, em vez disso, podem &quot;absorver&quot; a energia das ondas que venham de qualquer direção. Um desses aparelhos é o&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Aquabuoy&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, desenvolvido pela Finavera. Em um tubo vertical sob a água, as ondas passam e aciona um pistão, um disco flutuante conectado a bombas e mangueiras. O movimento pressuriza0 a água no interior do tubo e movimenta uma turbina conectada a um gerador elétrico. Muitos Aquabuoys podem enviar eletricidade a um ponto central.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Desse ponto, a eletricidade é transmitida ao piso do mar e&amp;nbsp; de lá a terra por um cabo.&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Diversos WECs operando em conjunto, como estruturas Pelamis ou Aquabuoy combinadas, formam uma&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;fazenda de ondas&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Energia das ondas e a economia&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Algumas estimativas dizem que a tecnologia de energia das ondas hoje existente poderia atender a talvez 10% das necessidades mundiais de energia. Em teoria, porém, caso a tecnologia dessa forma de energia avance consideravelmente, no futuro ela poderia fazer muito mais. Engenheiros estão tentando diversos métodos diferentes, mas nenhum desses métodos oferece alta eficiência na conversão de energia, até o momento.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Principais dilemas? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;A freqüência das ondas é demasiadamente pequena para acionar uma turbina de modo muito eficaz. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Ainda que o custo dos combustíveis fósseis aumente e o custo baixasse seria algo de difícil adaptação. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Precisaremos de métodos eficazes de armazenagem de energia, já que sua frequência não é confiável. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Ocasionalmente as ondas e o clima são severos demais para que os aparelhos resistam. Assim, precisamos não só de WECs mais eficientes, mas também torná-los incrivelmente duráveis, o que pode elevar os custos. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Na pratica&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Nos Estados Unidos, a costa do Oregon se provou o local mais prático. A Escócia, que recebe fortes ondas, é um dos pontos quentes para experiências e adoção de novos métodos de captura da energia das ondas. E Portugal vem trabalhando na vanguarda das fazendas de ondas, utilizando aparelhos Pelamis. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16pt;&quot;&gt;Biografia  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ambiente.hsw.uol.com.br/energia-das-ondas.htm&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ambiente.hsw.uol.com.br/energia-das-ondas.htm&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;http://ambiente.hsw.uol.com.br/energia-das-ondas.htm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cepa.if.usp.br/energia/energia1999/Grupo4B/Eneralte/ondas.htm&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cepa.if.usp.br/energia/energia1999/Grupo4B/Eneralte/ondas.htm&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;http://www.cepa.if.usp.br/energia/energia1999/Grupo4B/Eneralte/ondas.htm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WYx-AdfilCM&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WYx-AdfilCM&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WYx-AdfilCM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/feeds/8860540933450257228/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/4722376536388561861/8860540933450257228?isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/8860540933450257228'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/8860540933450257228'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/2010/07/energia-da-ondas.html' title='Energia da Ondas'/><author><name>Clara</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05815583509402120931</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGnuCxYoDn7f7JT-uuF27GhL1ewzididDpjQ_VMKSsnAbHc7xXabtX5cDRyqqqWN6Zl4KunVcJCQk-fFjJ2CRWOhNj0wBA-Si69v5gpe9VzvQlmiaX2MdNOahVFja2vA/s220/rosa.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4722376536388561861.post-3862294570057532357</id><published>2010-06-07T19:10:00.002-03:00</published><updated>2010-06-07T19:10:00.120-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Platelmintos -- Tênia - Esquistossomose</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Platelminto vem do grego quer dizer verme achatado. Existe cerca de 20 mil espécies e 20% delas são parasitas. Vivem em locais úmidos e, algumas espécies, parasitam animais (principalmente mamíferos).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;A digestão ocorre de forma intra e extracelular. O sistema é incompleto, apresentando apenas uma abertura em todo sistema. Possuem boca, faringe e INTESTINO. Possuem sistema nervoso central formado por um anel ligado a  filetes nervosos que percorrem o corpo todo através de ramificações.A excreção é realizada através das células-flama, que realizam a excreção para a superfície do corpo. Os platelmintos secretam AMÔNIA. Não possuem sistema respiratório. Nos platelmintos de vida livre as trocas são feitas por difusão. Já nos parasitas ela é feita de forma anaeróbica, ou seja, não utiliza oxigênio.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Também não possuem sistema circulatório. Os alimentos são distribuídos pelo corpo através das ramificações do sistema digestivo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A reprodução varia de acordo com a espécie.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Muitos platelmintos são hermafroditos. Alguns se reproduzem por desenvolvimento do embrião sem fecundação, de forma assexuada. &lt;br /&gt;
Os platelmintos são divididos e três classes:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Turbelária: São os platelmintos de vida livre, chamados de planarias, elas podem ser aquáticas ou terrestres de ambientes úmidos.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Os platelmintos são divididos e três classes:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As planarias tem três camadas de pele, sistema digestores incompleto, e minúsculo sistema nervoso e respiram pela pele. &lt;br /&gt;
As planárias podem se reproduzir por ruptura de um pedaço do corpo gerando outro ou, até mesmo, de forma sexuada.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Os trematódeos - podem infestar uma grande diversidade de peixes, anfíbios, répteis e mamíferos, sendo a escolha do hospedeiro dependente da espécie. Alguns destes organismos causam doenças graves no hospedeiro.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
EX. Esquistossomos&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cestoda - E um grupo dos parasitas que se caracterizam pela  AUSÊNCIA DE SISTEMA DIGESTORA. Os alimentos são absorvidos pela pele que têm revestimento.&lt;br /&gt;
Ex: Tênia ou Solitária&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Como vimos:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;As planaria, ou turbelárias não fazem mal a ninguém.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Já a certoda e os trematódeos, dependem de alguém para viver são parasitas.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Eles costumam passar por dois hospedeiros em seu ciclo de vida:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Tênia ou solitária &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cestoda a qual moram no intestino humano, ela autofecunda-se, pois é hermafroditas, os ovos são liberados através das fezes em casca chamada proglotides, que se ingeridas por um porco o um boi ou um peixe... QUAIS ROMPEM no processo intestinal do hospedeiro INTERMEDIÁRIO, liberando uma larvar a oncosfera, que perfura a parede intestinal  e chega ao sangue, aloja-se nos músculos do hospedeiro, em forma de bolsa ovóide o cisticerco. A que caso for ingerido mal cozido, pode outro humano adquirir a teníase  adquirir a teníase.&lt;br /&gt;
  ELAS VIVEM no intestino humano. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Como se transmite?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A teníase é adquirida através da ingestão de carne de boi ou de porco mal cozida, que contém as larvas. Quando o homem ingere os ovos da Tênia solium, provenientes de verduras e legumes mal lavados ou higiene inadequada, adquire a cisticercose.(obs.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Prevenção&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;As tênias são adquiridas ingerindo-se alimentos crus ou mal cozidos que contenham a forma não desenvolvida do verme.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;As tênias podem infectar qualquer pessoa que coma um alimento contaminado.  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sintomas da  Teníase.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;O animal se desenvolve até o estágio adulto no intestino humano e pode conferir ao portador:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;dores de cabeça e abdominais, perda de peso,alterações do apetite, enjôos, perturbações nervosas, &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;irritação, fadiga e insônia.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;O tratamento da teníase intestinal é feito com fármacos antiparasíticos como a nitazoxanida, o praziquantel ou o mebendazole. Na cisticercose são usados praziquantel e corticorticóides. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Obs.: CISTICERCOSE - GERALMENTE  as seres humanos engolem o embrião que existia dentro do ovo de tênias, Porém se um indivíduo que ingere ovos da Tênia solium diretamente, pode ter seu organismo bastante comprometido, uma vez que o embrião passa do intestino para a corrente sanguínea. &lt;br /&gt;
Com o auxílio de suas ventosas e, principalmente, dos ganchos, pode se alojar no cérebro, olhos, pele ou músculos – inclusive do coração - podendo conferir ao portador quadro de cegueira definitiva, convulsão ou, até mesmo, óbito&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ESQUISTOSSOMOSE, XISTOSA, BARRIGA D&#39;ÁGUA&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A esquistossomose ou bilharzíase é a doença crônica causada  pelos parasitas multicelulares, platelmintos do gênero Schistosoma.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ESQUISTOSSOMOSE, XISTOSA, BARRIGA D&#39;ÁGUA&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
É a mais grave forma de parasitose por organismo multicelular, matando centenas de milhares de pessoas por ANO. Existem seis espécies de Schistosoma que podem transmitir a esquistossomose ao homem, Apenas S. mansoni é encontrada no continente americano.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ciclo de vida &lt;br /&gt;
O ciclo de vida deste parasita passa por três fases&lt;br /&gt;
1ª) No hospedeiro humano se reproduz e os ovos são eliminados pelas fezes.&lt;br /&gt;
2ª) desenvolvimento da larva após esta penetrar em alguns tipos de moluscos que vivem em lugares úmidos;&lt;br /&gt;
3ª) ocorre em seguida ao abandono desses hospedeiros, que, livres podem penetrar no homem através da pele. A penetração ocorre em lugares úmidos, como, por exemplo, córregos, lagoas, riachos, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
4ª) No hospedeiro humano se reproduz e os ovos são eliminados pelas fezes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
COMO SE PEGA A ESQUISTOSSOMOSE?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As pessoas são contaminadas pelo verme Schistosoma Mansoni quando plantam, lavam roupa, nadam ou se banham em rios, riachos, valas de irrigação e lagoas onde existem caramujos contaminados.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ESQUISTOSSOMOSE&lt;br /&gt;
Quando este parasita começa a habitar no interior do hospedeiro definitivo, ele pode se fixar no fígado, na vesícula, no intestino ou bexiga do homem, causando, desta forma, vários problemas nos órgãos. &lt;br /&gt;
Os sintomas da esquistossomose &lt;br /&gt;
são: diarréia, febres, cólicas, dores de cabeça, náuseas, tonturas, sonolência, emagrecimento, &lt;br /&gt;
Os sintomas da esquistossomose &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Modo de Transmissão:&lt;br /&gt;
Os ovos do S. mansoni são eliminados pelas fezes do hospedeiro infectado (homem). Na água, estes eclodem, liberando uma larva ciliada denominada miracídio, a qual infecta o caramujo. &lt;br /&gt;
Após 4 a 6 semanas, abandonam o caramujo, na forma de cercaria que ficam livres nas águas naturais. O contato humano com águas infectadas pelas cercarias é a maneira pela qual o indivíduo adquire a esquistossomose.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Período de Incubação: em média, de 2 a 6 semanas após a infecção.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Período de Transmissibilidade: a partir de 5 semanas, após a infecção, o homem pode eliminar ovos de S. mansoni viáveis nas fezes, permanecendo assim por muitos anos.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Combate &lt;br /&gt;
O combate a esta doença passa necessariamente por medidas de saneamento básico.&lt;br /&gt;
Ter sistemas de esgoto devem haver sempre as águas tratadas. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Combate &lt;br /&gt;
Os caramujos, hospedeiros intermediários do parasita, devem ser eliminados. &lt;br /&gt;
Ao entrar em águas sujas paradas, deve haver uma proteção nos pés com botas de borracha.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
PARA EVITAR  AS VERMINOSES em geral:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1- Lavar as mãos antes de cada refeição e depois de evacuar;&lt;br /&gt;
2- Lavar as frutas, legumes e verduras;&lt;br /&gt;
3- Não comer raízes cruas (cenoura, etc...),nem frutas com casca;&lt;br /&gt;
4- Não comer carnes mal cozidas, nem salames de carne crua;&lt;br /&gt;
5- Não comer alimentos expostos as moscas;&lt;br /&gt;
PARA EVITAR AS VERMINOSES&lt;br /&gt;
em geral:&lt;br /&gt;
6- Para bebida e uso da cozinha, utilizar  água  de hidráulica ou de poço artesiano (água tratada);&lt;br /&gt;
7- Usar sapatos;&lt;br /&gt;
8- Destruir os caramujos e evitar o contato e uso da água dos locais em que eles vivem;&lt;br /&gt;
9- Usar privadas higiênicas onde não existe rede de esgoto.&lt;br /&gt;
Mais o mais importante é:&lt;br /&gt;
10- Jamais deixar fezes humanas na superfície do solo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
QUESTIONARIO&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Qual ser das classes de platelmintos abaixo não precisam se hospedar em outro ser vivo:&lt;br /&gt;
• Trematódeos&lt;br /&gt;
• Turbelária(Planaria)&lt;br /&gt;
• Tênia&lt;br /&gt;
• Cestoda&lt;br /&gt;
• Esquistossomo&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. Como não se adquirir as tênias?&lt;br /&gt;
• através da ingestão de carne de boi ou de porco mal cozida&lt;br /&gt;
• ingerindo-se alimentos crus&lt;br /&gt;
• Preparando bife mal passado, que tenha pontos amarelados&lt;br /&gt;
• Comendo língua de porco crua, comprada ao ar livre,&lt;br /&gt;
• Tomando banho em açudes que são berços naturais dos caramujos&lt;br /&gt;
3. - Quem corre risco de ter a tênia?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
• Mulheres que têm cachorro apenas.&lt;br /&gt;
• Crianças que brincam com animais.&lt;br /&gt;
• Qualquer pessoa que coma um alimento contaminado apenas.&lt;br /&gt;
• Empresários apenas.&lt;br /&gt;
• Agricultores apenas.&lt;br /&gt;
4. Qual o sintoma que também nomeia a esquistossomose?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
• aumento de volume do fígado&lt;br /&gt;
• diarréia &lt;br /&gt;
• febres &lt;br /&gt;
• Cólicas&lt;br /&gt;
• emagrecimento&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5. Hospedeiros intermediário da Esquistossomose?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•  porco&lt;br /&gt;
•  boi&lt;br /&gt;
• caramujo&lt;br /&gt;
• Gato &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
6. Não comer carnes mal cozidas, nem salames de carne crua;evita hospedarmos que verme?&lt;br /&gt;
• Tênia &lt;br /&gt;
• Planaria&lt;br /&gt;
• O esquistossomo&lt;br /&gt;
• Lombriga&lt;br /&gt;
• Dengue&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
7. A tênia é um verme hermafrodita, o que isso significa ?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•  Ela depende de outro ser humano para viver&lt;br /&gt;
• Depende da água para viver&lt;br /&gt;
• Precisa eliminar todo o seu sangue uma vez por dia.&lt;br /&gt;
• Tem dois sexos em um mesmo ser&lt;br /&gt;
• Vivem em grandes grupos.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
8. Qual parte do corpo é parasitado pela tênia? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
• O coração&lt;br /&gt;
• O pulmão&lt;br /&gt;
• O fígado&lt;br /&gt;
• Os rins&lt;br /&gt;
• O intestino &lt;br /&gt;
• &lt;br /&gt;
9. Corta uma planaria não causa a sua morte:  &lt;br /&gt;
• Verdadeiro&lt;br /&gt;
• Falso&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Gabarito: beca cade b&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A letra é refletida em qustão assim&amp;nbsp; a letra &lt;b&gt;d&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp; é a respostas da questão 7</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/feeds/3862294570057532357/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/4722376536388561861/3862294570057532357?isPopup=true' title='2 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/3862294570057532357'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/3862294570057532357'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/2010/06/platelmintos-tenia-esquistossomose.html' title='Platelmintos -- Tênia - Esquistossomose'/><author><name>Clara</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05815583509402120931</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGnuCxYoDn7f7JT-uuF27GhL1ewzididDpjQ_VMKSsnAbHc7xXabtX5cDRyqqqWN6Zl4KunVcJCQk-fFjJ2CRWOhNj0wBA-Si69v5gpe9VzvQlmiaX2MdNOahVFja2vA/s220/rosa.jpg'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4722376536388561861.post-4611957895773391888</id><published>2010-06-03T13:01:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2010-09-23T11:00:53.447-03:00</updated><title type='text'>TERMODINÂMICA</title><content type='html'>&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1. Termodinâmica &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;A&amp;nbsp;Termodinâmica&amp;nbsp;estuda a relação entre a energia mecânica e a térmica, num processo físico, envolvendo um corpo ou um sistema de corpos e o resto do universo. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;O Calor (Q) se transfere de um corpo para o outro ou entre partes de um corpo, em consequência de choques moleculares. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;O trabalho (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;) é a troca energética sem influencia de diferenças de temperatura. O trabalho é realizado pela força F. A dois tipos de trabalho o externo (quando o sistema como em todo produz um deslocamento ao agir com uma força sobre o meio exterior) ou interno ( o trabalho executado por uma parte do sistema sobre outra do mesmo sistema). No  estudo da termodinâmica é considerado apenas o trabalho externo. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;2. Trabalho numa Transformação &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Durante qualquer transformação sofrida pelo gás, em ambiente fechado de movimento livre,  a pressão p se mantém constante. Quando Calor Q e fornecido ao sistema através de uma fonte térmica,  a gás se expande, aumentando o volume e a temperatura. O gás age com uma força F, aumentando o volume realizando um trabalho &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;2.1 - Na pratica: &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Q.1 –&lt;/span&gt; Cinco mols de um gás perfeito se encontram á temperatura de 600 K, ocupando um volume de 0,5 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;. Mediante um processo isobárico, o gás é submetido á transformação indicada no gráfico. Calcule o trabalho realizado.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Com base no gráfico sabemos que: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;p =   5.104 N/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;V = 0,1 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; – 0,5 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; = 5.10&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;. (0,4) = - 2. 10&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;3. Energia interna. Lei de Joule dos Gases Ideais &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;A energia total de um sistema é composta de duas parcelas:  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;A energia externa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; do sistema é devida as relações que ele guarda com meio exterior: energia cinética e energia potencial. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;A energia interna&lt;/b&gt; U de um sistema é igual à diferença entre o calor e o trabalho trocados pelo sistema com o meio exterior.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Não se mede diretamente a energia interna U de um sistema. No entanto, é importante conhecer a variação da energia interna &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;U do sistema durante um processo termodinâmico. Esta variação é acompanhada de variação de temperatura &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;T. Tendo ocorrido à variação de temperatura, variou a energia cinética das moléculas do gás e, portanto variou a energia interna.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Como regra geral, na Termodinâmica, a conversão de energia térmica em energia mecânica é realizada usando-se uma quantidade constante de gás. Depreende-se daí uma conclusão muito importante, conhecida como &lt;b&gt;lei de Joule&lt;/b&gt; para os gases perfeitos: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;A partir da expressão deduzimos que: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Conforme a variação de Temperatura que o gás sofre no processo: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;-moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(230, 230, 230); border-collapse: collapse;&quot;&gt;&lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col style=&quot;width: 588px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;&lt;tbody valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 25px;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 0.5pt solid; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;T2 &amp;gt; T1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;Þ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;T &amp;gt;0 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;Þ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;U &amp;gt; 0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-color: -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;A temperatura do gás aumenta a variação de temperatura  é positiva, a energia interna é positiva&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 25px;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-color: -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;T2 &amp;lt; T1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;Þ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;T &amp;lt; 0 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;Þ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;U &amp;lt; 0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-color: -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;A temperatura do gás diminui a variação de temperatura é negativa, A energia interna é negativa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 31px;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-color: -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;T2 = T1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;Þ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;T = 0 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;Þ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;U = 0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-color: -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;A temperatura do gás é constante, a variação de energia interna é nula.&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt; 3.1 – Na pratica: &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Q2- Uma porção de dois mols de oxigênio é aquecida de 10 °C até 90 °C. Considerando o oxigênio como gás perfeito, calcule a diferença entre a energia interna anterior e posterior ao aquecimento do gás. Constante universal dos gases perfeitos: R = 8,31 J/mol. K &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;U = 3/2. 2. 8,31. (363 -283) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;U = 3/2. 2. 8,31. 80 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;U é aproximadamente 1.994 J &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;4. Primeira Lei da termodinâmica   &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Num processo termodinâmico sofrido por um gás, há dois tipos de trocas energéticas com o meio exterior: o calor trocado Q e o trabalho realizado &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; A variação de energia interna &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;U sofrida pelo sistema é consequência do balanço energético entre essas duas quantidades. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Assim a primeira lei da termodinâmica pode ser expressa por: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;5 - Transformações Gasosas &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;5.1 - Transformações Isotérmicas (temperatura constante) &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Numa transformação isotérmica, o calor trocado pelo gás com o exterior é igual ao trabalho realizado no mesmo processo. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Como a temperatura não varia, a variação da energia interna do gás é nula: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;5.2 - Transformação isobárica (pressão constante) &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Numa expansão isobárica, a quantidade de calor recebida é maior que o trabalho realizado. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;O trabalho realizado: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; = p &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;V &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Calor trocado: Q&lt;sub&gt;p &lt;/sub&gt;= m. c&lt;sub&gt;p&lt;/sub&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;V &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;A quantidade de calor trocada é igual uma massa m de um gás ideal, multiplicado pela pressão constante C&lt;sub&gt;p&lt;/sub&gt; vezes  a variação de temperatura &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;T. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Sendo M a massa molar do gás, podemos dizer que m = n. M &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Assim M. C&lt;sub&gt;p&lt;/sub&gt; constitui o valor molar a pressão constante do gás: a fórmula conclui-se  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Q&lt;sub&gt;p &lt;/sub&gt;= n.C&lt;sub&gt;p&lt;/sub&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;T &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;5.2.1- Variação de energia interna &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Na transformação isobárica há sempre variação de temperatura, isto é, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;T &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;¹&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; 0. Por conseguinte, sempre haverá variação de energia interna. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Em vista da primeira lei da termodinâmica, podemos concluir que as quantidades de energia trocada com o ambiente, sob forma de calor ou de trabalho, são necessariamente diferentes. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;5.3 - Transformação isocórica (volume constante) &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Numa transformação isocórica a variação da energia interna do gás é igual à quantidade de calor trocada no meio exterior &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Trabalho realizado é nulo, pois não há variação de volume  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;O calor trocado é dado por Q = m c&lt;sub&gt;V &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;T &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;O calor molar e pressão constante &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Q = n c&lt;sub&gt;V&lt;/sub&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;T &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;5.4 - Transformação Adiabática  &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Um gás sofre uma transformação adiabática quando não troca calor com o meio exterior. Essa transformação pode ocorrer quando o gás esta contido no interior de um recipiente termicamente isolado do ambiente ou sofre expansão e compressão suficientes rápidas para que as trocas de calor com ambiente possam ser consideradas desprezíveis. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Numa transformação adiabática a variação de energia interna é igual em módulos e de sina a trabalho realizado na transformação. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Numa transformação adiabática as variáveis de estado relacionam com a lei geral dos gases, e com a lei Poisson, apresenta a Fórmula p&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; x V&lt;sup&gt;y&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;  = cte          &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Onde Y é o expoente Poisson = &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;c&lt;sub&gt;p&lt;/sub&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;                                                    c&lt;sub&gt;V&lt;/sub&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;6 – Transformações Cíclicas  &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Transformação Cíclica ou ciclo de um sistema é o conjunto de transformações sofridas pelo sistema de tal forma que os seus estados finais e iniciais são iguais. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Como a temperatura final é igual à temperatura inicial, a energia interna do sistema não varia (&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;U = 0), havendo uma igualdade entre o calor e o trabalho trocados em cada ciclo. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Num diagrama P x V, uma transformação cíclica é representada por uma curva fechada. A área interna do ciclo é numericamente igual ao trabalho total trocado com o meio exterior.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse;&quot;&gt;&lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col style=&quot;width: 593px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;&lt;tbody valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 186px;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 0.75pt outset; padding: 3px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Todo o dispositivo que faz a conversão no processo cíclico em sentido horário transforma energia térmica em energia mecânica, é chamado máquina térmica ou motor térmico. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Todo o positivo que faz a conversão no processo cíclico no sentido anti-horário a uma conversão de energia mecânica em energia térmica. E chamado máquina frigoríficas. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;7 - Transformação reversível e irreversível &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Transformação reversível&lt;/b&gt; - Uma transformação reversível é aquela em que tanto o sistema quanto o meio que o contém podem ser levados de volta ao estado original. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Transformação irreversível&lt;/b&gt; - Quando sua inversa só puder se efetuar com parte de em processo mais complexo, envolvendo modificações  nos corpos circundantes. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Nenhuma transformação onde haja a presença do atrito é reversível. Da mesma forma a transferência de calor de um corpo mais quente para um mais frio é irreversível. Em uma transformação reversível não há perda de trabalho em calor, ao contrário de um processo irreversível. Numa transformação reversível de um estado A para um estado B o trabalho e a quantidade de calor tem mesmo valor absoluto e sinais opostos do que na transformação do estado B para o estado A. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;8 - Segunda lei da Termodinâmica &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Enquanto a primeira lei da termodinâmica estabelece a conservação de energia em qualquer transformação, a segunda lei estabelece condições para que as transformações termodinâmicas possam ocorrer. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Num sentido geral, a segunda lei da termodinâmica afirma que as diferenças entre sistemas em contato tendem a igualar-se. As diferenças de pressão, densidade e, particularmente, as diferenças de temperatura tendem a equalizar-se. Isto significa que um sistema isolado chegará a alcançar uma temperatura uniforme &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;A segunda lei da termodinâmica tem sido expressada de muitas maneiras diferentes. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;A transferência preferencial de calor do corpo quente para o corpo frio levou Celsius a enuncia a segunda lei da do seguinte modo: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Sendo o calor uma forma inferior de energia, não é simples sua conversão em outra forma de energia embora a primeira lei estabeleça essa possibilidade. Assim Kelvin e Planck enunciaram a segunda lei da termodinâmica  da seguinte maneira: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;8.1 - Máquina térmica: conversão de calor em trabalho. &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Quando, por exemplo, um gás realiza em sentido horário no diagrama de trabalho, há transformação de calor em trabalho. No entanto, de acordo com a segunda Lei, essa ocorrência não é possível. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;A máquina térmica, por exemplo, as máquinas a vapor, foram inventadas e funcionavam antes que seu principio teórico fosse estabelecido. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Estudando essa máquina, Carnot evidenciou que uma diferença de temperatura era tão importante para uma máquina térmica quanto à diferença de nível d&#39;água para uma máquina hidráulica. Estabeleceu, então, que: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;8.1.1 - Rendimento da máquina térmica  &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Define se o rendimento η&amp;nbsp; da máquina térmica pela relação entre energia útil obtida da máquina, Que é o trabalho  (Q&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; – Q&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;), e energia total que é quantidade de calor Q&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, recebida da fonte quente: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;η&amp;nbsp;= &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Q&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; – Q&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;              η&amp;nbsp; = 1 – &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Q&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;           Q&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;                               Q&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Segundo a expressão o rendimento seria 100%, porém ela rende no máximo 30% de rendimento. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;8.1.2 - Na pratica  &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Q3- Uma máquina térmica recebe 5 000 J de calor da fonte quente e cede 4 000 J para a fonte fria a cada ciclo. Determine o rendimento dessa máquina. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Podemos responder das seguintes formas: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;8.2 - A máquina Frigorífica: conversão de trabalho em calor &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;A máquina frigorífica é um dispositivo que, durante seu funcionamento, efetuam a transformação de trabalho em calor. Ela tem a função de transferir calor de um lugar em menor temperatura para outro, de temperatura mais elevada. Entretanto a transferência não ocorre espontaneamente, mas sim á custa de um trabalho externo &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Por exemplo, os refrigeradores são máquinas frigoríficas que, ao funcionarem, transferem calor de um sistema em menor temperatura (congelador) para o meio exterior, que se encontra a uma temperatura mais alta, á custa do trabalho realizado pelo compressor.   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;8.2.1 - A Eficiência de uma máquina frigorífica  &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;A eficiência (e) de uma máquina frigorífica é expressa pela relação entre a quantidade de calor retirada de fonte fria (Q2) e o trabalho externo envolvido nessa transferência (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;):    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;  e =  &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt; Q&lt;sub&gt;2  &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16pt;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;8.3 - Ciclo de Carnot &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Ciclo de Carnot é o ciclo executado pela Máquina de Carnot, idealizada pelo engenheiro francês Carnot e que tem funcionamento apenas teórico. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Funcionando entre duas transformações isotérmicas e duas adiabáticas alternadamente, permite menor perda de energia (Calor) para o meio externo (fonte fria). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;O rendimento da Máquina de Carnot é o máximo que uma máquina térmica trabalhando entre dadas temperaturas da fonte quente e da fonte fria pode ter (Mas o rendimento nunca chega a 100%). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Nesse ciclo AB e CD são transformada isotérmica e BD e DA, adiabáticas: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Podemos escrevê-lo  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Q&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;= &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Q&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; T&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;     T&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Temos que o rendimento da máquina em porcentagem é igual a: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;η = 1 – &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;T&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;             T&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;O rendimento do ciclo de Carnot é função exclusiva das temperaturas absolutas das fontes quente e fria, não podendo, portanto da substância. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;9. Escala Kelvin de termodinâmica  &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;É escala kelvin Termodinâmica é a escala obtida nesse termômetro teórico constituído por uma máquina Carnot. Nessa escala adota-se como temperatura de referencia a do ponto triplo da água, estado térmico onde coexiste gelo, água liquida e vapor d&#39;água, em equilíbrio. A esse estado térmico corresponde, para a temperatura, o valor 273,16 K. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Desse modo, seja T = 273,16 K a temperatura da fonte quente e T a temperatura da fonte fria, que corresponde á temperatura que se deseja determinar. A função termométrica da escala Kelvin termodinâmica será: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;T= 273,16 &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Q&lt;/span&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;                  Q&lt;sub&gt;T&lt;/sub&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;A escala Kelvin termodinâmica é de realização prática impossível, pois A máquina de Carnot é ideal. O termômetro cujas indicações mais de aproximam do termômetro energético descrito são os de gás a volume constante, denominado termômetro legal. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Adotando o zero absoluto como a temperatura da fonte fria de uma máquina de Carnot o rendimento é dado por: n = 1 - T&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/T&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Sendo T&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; = 0K, temos n = 1(100%) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Portanto: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;O zero absoluto ou o Zero Kelvin (0K) é a tempera da fonte fria de uma máquina de Carnot que apresenta rendimento 100%(n=1) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Como uma máquina térmica com 100% de rendimento converte integralmente Calor em trabalho, contrariando a segunda lei da termodinâmica, Concluiu-se: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;O zero absoluto é Inatingível. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;10. Entropia  &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;A medida que o universo evolui, há diminuição da energia utilizável. E a desordem aumenta. Em todos os fenômenos naturais, a tendência é uma evolução para um estado de maior desordem. As transformações naturais sempre levam a um aumento na entropia do Universo.       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; Pode se  disser que a variação de entropia pode ser entendida como a medida da ineficácia da energia do sistema em sua evolução natural. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;11. Conclusão &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;As leis que a termodinâmica se fundamenta compõem um curto e conciso código de limitações ou proibições que, segundo os físicos, são estabelecidas pela natureza. De acordo com esse código: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;ul&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;é proibida a existência de transformações de energia sem que parte dela se dissipe ou se transforme em energia não aproveitável; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;são proibidos ainda quaisquer dispositivos que se movimentem continuamente, sem consumo de energia, como o moto-perpétuo; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;é proibida a transferência espontânea de calor dos corpos mais frio para os mais quentes. A transferência no sentido oposto é o sentido natural e se processa até que todos os corpos atinjam o mesmo estado térmico; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;é impossível, por qualquer processo natural ou artificial de resfriamento, atingir o mais baixo nível térmico do universo. Ele existe, tem valor numérico conhecido, mas não pode ser alcançado. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;12. Biografia  &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Livros: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Física volume único  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Autor: Alberto Gaspar &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Editora ática  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Minimanual compacto de física &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Teoria e prática  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Editora Rideel  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Os Fundamentos da física  2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Autor: Ramalho, Nicolau. Toledo  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Termologia, óptica e ondas &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Editora Moderna  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Sites  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://br.geocities.com/resumodefisica/termodinamica/trm01.htm&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;http://br.geocities.com/resumodefisica/termodinamica/trm01.htm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.scribd.com/doc/5034883/Fisica-Termologia&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;http://www.scribd.com/doc/5034883/Fisica-Termologia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.scribd.com/doc/16999727/Trabalho-calor&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;mais exercicios em : &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fisicaevestibular.hpg.ig.com.br/term.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.fisicaevestibular.hpg.ig.com.br/term.htm&lt;/a&gt; e em &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.coladaweb.com/exercicios-resolvidos/exercicios-resolvidos-de-fisica/termodinamica&quot;&gt;http://www.coladaweb.com/exercicios-resolvidos/exercicios-resolvidos-de-fisica/termodinamica&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xmlns=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/feeds/4611957895773391888/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/4722376536388561861/4611957895773391888?isPopup=true' title='2 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/4611957895773391888'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/4611957895773391888'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/2010/06/termodinamica.html' title='TERMODINÂMICA'/><author><name>Clara</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05815583509402120931</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGnuCxYoDn7f7JT-uuF27GhL1ewzididDpjQ_VMKSsnAbHc7xXabtX5cDRyqqqWN6Zl4KunVcJCQk-fFjJ2CRWOhNj0wBA-Si69v5gpe9VzvQlmiaX2MdNOahVFja2vA/s220/rosa.jpg'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4722376536388561861.post-9047157783824352982</id><published>2010-05-07T19:03:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2010-05-07T19:03:22.318-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Auguste Comte -  um organizador</title><content type='html'>Quem foi Isidore Auguste Marie François Xavier Comte, ou Auguste Comte?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Auguste Comte nasceu em 19 de janeiro de 1798, em Montpellier, no Sul da França. E sempre demonstrou uma grande capacidade intelectual, de família pobre, sustentou seus estudos. Com 16 anos ingressou na Escola Politécnica de Paris.&amp;nbsp; Seu primeiro emprego foi o de secretário do Conde Henri de Saint-Simon filósofo cujas ideias&amp;nbsp; de organizar economicamente a sociedade Comte absorveu, sistematizou com um estilo pessoal e difundiu. Nomeou e organizou a sociologia. Comte foi Filósofo e auto-proclamador líder religioso, estudou e levou 12 anos criando a filosofia positivista. Faleceu em 5 de setembro de 1857, em Paris.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Definiu a sociologia&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; * Como uma ciência da sociedade, denominando-a, inicialmente de &quot;física social“, cujo objetivo seria planejar a organização social e política da sociedade.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; * Organizou a sociologia dividindo-a em duas áreas:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; * Estática social: Responsável por estudar as forças que mantêm a sociedade unida (ordem)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; * Dinâmica social: Responsável por estudar as mudanças e suas causas (progresso)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Positivismo&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; * A Filosofia positiva partia do princípio de que os homens deveriam aceitar a ordem existente, não devendo contestá-la.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; * O método geral do positivismo de Comte consiste na observação dos fenômenos, subordinando a ela á imaginação.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; * Comte definiu a palavra &quot;positivo&quot; com sete significados: real, útil, certo, preciso, relativo, orgânico e simpático.&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As Características gerais do Positivismo&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; * Realidade: pesquisa de fatos concretos, acessíveis à nossa inteligência,&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; * Utilidade: busca de conhecimentos destinados ao aperfeiçoamento individual e coletivo, desprezando as especulações ociosas.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; * Certeza: obtenção de conhecimentos capazes de estabelecer a harmonia lógica na mente do próprio indivíduo e comunhão em toda espécie humana&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; * Precisão: estabelecimento de conhecimentos que se opõem ao vago, sem ambigüidades;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; * Organização: tendência a organizar, constituir metodicamente, sistematizar o conhecimento humano.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; * Relatividade: aceitação de conhecimentos científicos relativos admitindo a continuidade de novas pesquisas. Assim, a ciência positiva é relativa porque admite o aperfeiçoamento e a ampliação dos conhecimentos humanos.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; * Simpatia – indica afirmar que os ponto de vista e ações humanas são modificadas pelas afeição das pessoas (individuais e coletivos); a subjetividade é um traço característico e fundamental do ser humano, que deve ser respeitado e desenvolvido.&lt;br /&gt;
Os três princípios básicos do positivismo de Comte&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Prioridade do todo sobre as partes: significa que, para entender e explicar um fenômeno social particular. Devemos analisá-lo no contexto global a que pertence.O progresso dos conhecimentos é característico da sociedade humana: a sucessão de gerações, com seus conhecimentos, permitem uma acumulação de experiências e de saber que constitui um patrimônio espiritual objetivo que as liga entre si.O homem é o mesmo por toda a parte e em todos os tempos: em virtude de possuir idêntica constituição biológica e sistema cerebral.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lei dos Três Estados&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Desses princípios básicos, comte concluiu que todas as sociedades evoluem da mesma maneira e no mesmo sentido.A partir da percepção do progresso humano, Comte formulou a Lei dos Três Estados.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1° O estado teológico ou fictício&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Os fatos observados são explicados pelo sobrenatural, quando recorria às ideias de deuses e espíritos para explicar os fenômenos naturais.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;O Divide-se o estado teológico em: Explicações racionais buscam nas entidades metafísicas, abstrata (idéias) explicações sobre a natureza das coisas e a causa dos acontecimentos.&amp;nbsp; (Filosofia).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;3ª Estado positivo ou científico: O homem tenta compreender as relações entre as coisas e os acontecimentos através da observação científica, do raciocínio e experiências,&lt;br /&gt;
Busca-se o conhecimento das leis da natureza para conseguir seu domínio técnico.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
O espírito positivo o que é?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A expressão &quot;espírito positivo” designa a maneira geral como o ser humano deve (ria) pensar no estado positivo, de acordo com sua Lei dos Três Estados.&amp;nbsp; Tem a ciência como investigação do real.De modo mais específico, o espírito positivo é a forma de pensar característica do Positivismo comtiano, conforme definido por Comte. na obra &quot;Discurso sobre o espírito positivo&quot;, de 1848.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A classificação das ciências por Comte&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Para Comte haviam sete ciências que alcançaram o positivismo elas são:Matemática, Astronomia, Física, Química,&amp;nbsp; Biologia e a sociologia. E em 1851 Comte incluiu a Moral, cujo âmbito de pesquisa é a constituição psicológica do indivíduo e suas interações sociais.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A educação para Comte&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Como Comte tinha a ordem na conta de valor supremo, para ele era fundamental que os membros de uma sociedade aprendessem desde pequenos a importância da obediência e da hierarquia. A imposição da disciplina era, para os positivistas, uma função primordial da escola.Por isso, na escola de inspiração positivista, os estudos científicos prevalecem sobre os literários. O filósofo acreditava ainda que todos os seres humanos guardam em si instintos tanto egoístas quanto altruístas.A educação deveria assumir a responsabilidade de desenvolver nos jovens o altruísmo em detrimento do egoísmo, mostrando a eles que o objetivo existencial mais nobre é dedicar a vida às outras pessoas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Curiosidade:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; O lema “ordem e progresso”, que figura na bandeira brasileira é de inspiração comtiana as duas áreas da sociologia a estática se fundamenta na ordem e a dinâmica no progresso&amp;nbsp; deram origem a esse emblema.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Alguns pensamentos de Comte:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
“AMOR POR PRINCÍPIO, A ORDEM POR BASE, E O PROGRESSO POR FIM”. “- TUDO É RELATIVO, EIS O ÚNICO PRINCÍPIO ABSOLUTO.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
“INDUZIR PARA DEDUZIR, A FIM DE CONSTRUIR”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
.– “O ESPÍRITO DEVE SER SEMPRE, O MINISTRO DO CORAÇÃO, JAMAIS SEU ESCRAVO”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Principais obras&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Opúsculos de Filosofia Social (1816-1828)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Curso de filosofia positiva, em seis volumes (1830-1842) (em 1848 foi renomeado para Sistema de filosofia positiva)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sistema de política positiva ou Tratado de Sociologia em quatro volumes (1851-1854)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Discurso sobre o conjunto do Positivismo (1848)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Catecismo positivista (1852)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Apelo aos conservadores (1855)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Síntese subjetiva (1856)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Correspondência, em oito volumes (1816-1857).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/feeds/9047157783824352982/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/4722376536388561861/9047157783824352982?isPopup=true' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/9047157783824352982'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/9047157783824352982'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/2010/05/auguste-comte-um-organizador.html' title='Auguste Comte -  um organizador'/><author><name>Clara</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05815583509402120931</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGnuCxYoDn7f7JT-uuF27GhL1ewzididDpjQ_VMKSsnAbHc7xXabtX5cDRyqqqWN6Zl4KunVcJCQk-fFjJ2CRWOhNj0wBA-Si69v5gpe9VzvQlmiaX2MdNOahVFja2vA/s220/rosa.jpg'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4722376536388561861.post-5693933350969916214</id><published>2009-11-09T19:56:00.011-03:00</published><updated>2009-11-09T20:41:20.093-03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Biologia"/><title type='text'>Algas</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot; href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4gRtxmXA8bumrA3_pv8tWekH4femVMA0WblFP0Op8fURw_FJKrfLNnPCqwxKu_G27DB-vaCJTpWWUWHvbhs4HBdUvltEtoLobJcCXXiJ-ucQCEJjSvanoi7GZi4WQvmSnWOxmp0fSDb1C/s1600-h/Slide18.JPG&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4gRtxmXA8bumrA3_pv8tWekH4femVMA0WblFP0Op8fURw_FJKrfLNnPCqwxKu_G27DB-vaCJTpWWUWHvbhs4HBdUvltEtoLobJcCXXiJ-ucQCEJjSvanoi7GZi4WQvmSnWOxmp0fSDb1C/s320/Slide18.JPG&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5402249431227193586&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot; href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwsAo3PaIarnvQIp6zFEpeAwPqR7V8DjgHFgAar1FtQrY3GmCnnnmEm_qXlfbMc5T63wHAhQvvbNggSQT4hCLd4G2_2VzqTF_HP3wvnLq3Qv-IOP8YcTZHrf0CEy15hduKwtPFy-S97WZD/s1600-h/Slide19.JPG&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwsAo3PaIarnvQIp6zFEpeAwPqR7V8DjgHFgAar1FtQrY3GmCnnnmEm_qXlfbMc5T63wHAhQvvbNggSQT4hCLd4G2_2VzqTF_HP3wvnLq3Qv-IOP8YcTZHrf0CEy15hduKwtPFy-S97WZD/s320/Slide19.JPG&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5402249427010114114&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi63yqwMa9adO2W7iKPej4e7KkbbvEAljQeYr8NLyg0gFMzioHoSXHBAxDkpAY61qiB7rqQ6wEApIzOzm103Pp-CkFCU3pRLGHAxWWZ7F3o9ucuvfPPOZsLMN6LI3ub2PCECcrnRtMftDsf/s320/Slide20.JPG&quot; style=&quot;display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5402249421877443938&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:28.75pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;Alga é uma palavra que vem do latim e significa &quot;planta marinha&quot;. Mas nem todas as espécies de algas são plantas na atual classificação dos seres vivos e nem todas elas vivem no mar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:28.75pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold&quot;&gt; Vegetal que não apresenta vasos condutores de seiva, não possui tecidos e órgãos especializados (raiz, caule, folha). O corpo é formado por um Talo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:28.75pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:28.75pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;b&gt; &lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Clorofíceas – Algas de cor verde&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:28.75pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Com cerca de 7.000 espécies&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:28.75pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Pigmento responsável pela cor – Clorofila&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:28.75pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; Encontra-se em todos os ambientes aquáticos: marinho, salobres e de água doce, entre outros. A maioria das espécies vive a maior parte do seu ciclo de vida como células isoladas.&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:28.75pt&quot;&gt;Outras, no entanto, podem associar-se em colônias ou em filamentos&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:28.75pt&quot;&gt;Aproximadamente 90% das espécies de algas verdes são&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;de água doce&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent:28.75pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-style: italic; &quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Caulerpa racemosa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:28.75pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; Caulerpa é da familiar das algas verdes. Eles são incomuns porque eles consistem em só uma cela com muitos núcleos. Pode atingir &lt;st1:metricconverter productid=&quot;3 metros&quot; st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;3 metros&lt;/st1:metricconverter&gt;, com até 200 folhagens.&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:28.75pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:28.75pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;É conhecida como&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;uva do mar ou caviar verde ou umi-budo em Okinawa. Eles têm um gosto picante. É usada na culinária indonésia consumida coberta de açúcar. Às vezes pode causar envenenamento.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:28.75pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;b&gt; Ulva ( allface-do-mar)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:28.75pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; Muitas espécies de alface-do-mar são uma comida popular nos locais onde ocorrem, nomeadamente na Escandinávia, Grã Bretanha, Irlanda, China e Japão (onde são conhecidas como &quot;aosa&quot;).&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:28.75pt&quot;&gt;Podem ser comidas cruas em saladas ou cozinhadas em sopas, sendo ricas em proteínas, fibras e numa variedade de vitaminas e minerais, incluindo o ferro.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:28.75pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;b&gt; Feofíceas (algas pardas ou marrons)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:28.75pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Com cerca de 1.500 espécies&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:28.75pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Pigmento responsável pela cor – fucoxantina&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:28.75pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; Podem variar desde algas microscópicas a &lt;st1:metricconverter productid=&quot;100 metros&quot; st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;100  metros&lt;/st1:metricconverter&gt; de comprimento&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:28.75pt&quot;&gt;Em geral, as feófitas são de grande porte, sendo que algumas espécies apresentam estruturas especializadas a determinadas funções, aproximando-se de folhas (filóides), caules (caulóides) e raízes (rizóides).&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:28.75pt&quot;&gt;As feófitas são algas que dominam em águas frias, embora também sejam encontradas em águas tropicais.Reproduzem-se sexuada e assexuadamente&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent:28.75pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;b&gt; Rodofíceas (algas vermelhas)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:82.75pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 82.75pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Cerca de 4.000 espécies&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:82.75pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 82.75pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-mso-bidi-font-weight:boldfont-family:Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;O pigmento predominante é a ficoeritrina,&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:82.75pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:list 82.75pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;São pluricelulares, predominantemente marinhas&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:28.75pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; Apresentam reprodução sexuada e assexuada&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:28.75pt&quot;&gt;Já foram encontradas algas desta divisão a mais de &lt;st1:metricconverter productid=&quot;200 metros&quot; st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;200 metros&lt;/st1:metricconverter&gt; de profundidade, desde que a água seja límpida o suficiente para permitir a passagem de luz.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent:28.75pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;b&gt; Curiosidades:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:28.75pt&quot;&gt;As algas verdes também são ser encontradas no meio da pelagem do bicho-preguiça. Por causa da presença de algas na pelagem do bicho-preguiça que os mais velhos são esverdeados.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:28.75pt&quot;&gt;Além da clorofila outra substância presente em todos os tipos de algas é o Carotenóides – Segundo pigmento mais importante para a fotossíntese&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:28.75pt&quot;&gt;Este pigmento protege a clorofila do excesso de luz, o que é prejudicial a fotossínteses. &lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/feeds/5693933350969916214/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/4722376536388561861/5693933350969916214?isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/5693933350969916214'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/5693933350969916214'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/2009/11/algas.html' title='Algas'/><author><name>Clara</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05815583509402120931</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGnuCxYoDn7f7JT-uuF27GhL1ewzididDpjQ_VMKSsnAbHc7xXabtX5cDRyqqqWN6Zl4KunVcJCQk-fFjJ2CRWOhNj0wBA-Si69v5gpe9VzvQlmiaX2MdNOahVFja2vA/s220/rosa.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4gRtxmXA8bumrA3_pv8tWekH4femVMA0WblFP0Op8fURw_FJKrfLNnPCqwxKu_G27DB-vaCJTpWWUWHvbhs4HBdUvltEtoLobJcCXXiJ-ucQCEJjSvanoi7GZi4WQvmSnWOxmp0fSDb1C/s72-c/Slide18.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4722376536388561861.post-2560573203391000134</id><published>2009-09-14T22:13:00.010-03:00</published><updated>2012-08-03T21:21:30.667-03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Literatura"/><title type='text'>Entrevista fictícia com Cecilia Meirelles</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;----&lt;/span&gt;Este é um trabalho escolar baseado na entrevistas que se baseia nas frases ditas por Cecília, e em base delas criadas perguntas, um trabalho escolar, que gostei de fazer, e que depois de aprovado pela professora, resolvi publicar. Todas as perguntas foram criadas em base da frase ja dita por ela. Foram feitas modificações minusculas as poucas frases para ter coerencia, mas que não auteram conteúdo.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;Cecília além da poesia &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Cecília Meirelles essa escritora de poemas tão tocantes, nos permite conhecê-la além de seus subjetivos versos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Cecília Benevides de Carvalho Meireles é carioca nasceu em&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_de_novembro&quot; title=&quot;7 de novembro&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: none; text-underline: nonecolor:windowtext;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: none; text-underline: nonecolor:windowtext;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: none; text-underline: nonecolor:windowtext;&quot;&gt;de novembro&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1901&quot; title=&quot;1901&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: none; text-underline: nonecolor:windowtext;&quot;&gt;1901&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, muito cedo e se tornou &lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professor&quot; title=&quot;Professor&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: none; text-underline: nonecolor:windowtext;&quot;&gt;professora&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt; depois uma das maiores poetizas do nosso país. Aos dezoito anos de idade publicou seu primeiro livro de poesias &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Espectro, e durante a sua vida publicou vários livros de poesia e também prosa, entre eles estão: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poesia_de_Cec%C3%ADlia_Meireles&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;Poesia de Cecília Meireles (página não existe)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: none; text-underline: nonecolor:windowtext;&quot;&gt;Viagem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanceiro_da_Inconfid%C3%AAncia&quot; title=&quot;Romanceiro da Inconfidência&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: none; text-underline: nonecolor:windowtext;&quot;&gt;Romanceiro da Inconfidência&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, Olhinhos de Gato e &lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ou_Isto_ou_Aquilo&quot; title=&quot;Ou Isto ou Aquilo&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: none; text-underline: nonecolor:windowtext;&quot;&gt;Ou Isto ou Aquilo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Casou-se duas vezes e teve três filhas. Durante sua vida conheceu vários lugares do mundo, e a transitoriedade do tempo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;Nessa entrevista ela fala mais do que sobre sua vida e obra, compreenderemos quem ela&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;é e como pensa a pessoa, a escritora e a professora Cecília. Que contribui tanto na literatura, arte e educação, nesse país.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Section2&quot;&gt;
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&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Como foi sua infância?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Cecília Meireles - Nasci no Rio de Janeiro, três meses depois da morte de meu pai, e perdi minha mãe antes dos três anos. Não conheci meus irmãos, &lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;todos morreram antes de meu nascimento.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;Fui criada pela minha avó&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt; materna&lt;/span&gt;, D. Jacinta Garcia Benevides.&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;T&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;antas perdas e essas ausências. O que elas lhe trouxeram?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Cecília &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/b&gt; As mortes ocorridas na família acarretaram muitos contratempos materiais, mas, ao mesmo tempo, me deram, desde pequenina, tal intimidade com a Morte que docemente aprendi essas relações entre o Efêmero e o Eterno.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Além disso, o que essas perdas lhe acarretaram, na infância?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Cecília - Na infância fui uma menina sozinha, e isso me deu duas coisas que parecem negativas, e foram sempre positivas para mim: silêncio e solidão,&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt; pois preciso deles para escrever.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;Você perdeu muito cedo seus pais, mas também fez cedo sua família.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Cecília – Sim, casei com vinte anos. Tenho três filhas: Maria Elvira, Maria Matilde e Maria Fernanda. As três são bibliotecárias, mas a minha biblioteca não está fechada. Maria Fernanda é atriz. As três têm em comum uma bondade comovente, mas são de temperamentos &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;completamente diferentes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #666666;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Section3&quot;&gt;
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&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt; Por que você se tornou professora?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Cecília -&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Minha mãe tinha sido professora primária (a primeira professora a formar-se no Brasil) e eu gostava de estudar nos seus livros. Velhos livros de família que me seduziam muito. Assim como as partituras e livros de música.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Como você vê a educação?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Cecília - &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Educação, para mim, é botar, dentro do indivíduo, além do esqueleto de ossos que já possui uma estrutura de sentimentos, um esqueleto emocional. O entendimento na base do amor.&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Você exerceu magistério por anos. Como deve ser em professor?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Cecília &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;educador&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;não é o burocrata que vai a escola como a uma repartição, limita a sua atividade de funcionário a meia dúzia de horas diárias e respeita o prestígio das autoridades: é a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;criatura construtora de liberdade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;e progressos harmoniosos que, vivendo no presente, está sempre investigando o futuro, porque é nesse futuro, povoado de promessas de vida melhor, que o destino de seus discípulos se deverão realizar com toda plenitude&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;E a escola?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Cecília - &lt;/span&gt;Prática da escola pode ser&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;instruir&lt;/span&gt;: mas a sua finalidade deve ser&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;educar&lt;/span&gt;. Tudo se encadeia nesta sucessão:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;instruir para educar,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;educar para viver&lt;/span&gt;, e viver para que? [A única realidade do homem é a realidade espiritual.]&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Se importa muito com educação. Certo?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Cecília -&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt; &lt;/b&gt;A&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;educação é uma causa que abraço com paixão assim como a poesia.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Você Viajou muito, tendo visitado, em diferentes oportunidades, Portugal, Estados Unidos, México, Uruguai, Argentina, Marrocos, entre outros países. O que todas essas viajem representaram para você?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Cecília -&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Cada lugar aonde chego é uma surpresa e uma maneira diferente de ver os homens e coisas. Viajar para mim nunca foi turismo. Jamais tirei fotografia de país exótico. Viagem é alongamento de horizonte humano. Tenho, nos lugares mais diferentes, amigos à minha espera. Você já reparou que, entre centenas, em cada país, nós temos sempre aquela pessoa, que, sem mesmo saber, espera por nós e, quando nos encontra, é para sempre? Por isso é que eu gosto tanto de viajar, visitar terras que ainda não vi e conhecer aquele amigo desconhecido que nem sabe que eu existo, mas que é meu irmão antes de o ser.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #666666; font-size: 8.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Como viajou tanto aprendeu muitos idiomas, e viu muitas culturas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Cecília - &lt;/span&gt;Viagens, folclore e idiomas são uma espécie de constante em minha vida. Comprei livros e discos de hebraico. Estudei híndi, sânscrito. O desejo de ler Goethe no original me obrigou a estudar alemão. Não estudo idiomas para falar, mas para melhor penetrar a alma dos povos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Por que tanto interesse pelos idiomas e pelo folclore?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Cecília - &lt;/span&gt;Através dos idiomas e do&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;folclore&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;vejo até que ponto somos todos filhos de Deus. A passagem do mundo mágico para o mundo lógico me encanta.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Que livros você leva em suas viagens?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Cecília -&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #666666; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Só viajo com a Bíblia. Bíblia é uma biblioteca. Tem tudo: história, poesia, religião. Já disse que, se tivesse que escolher o meu livro para uma ilha deserta, levaria a Bíblia. Ou um dicionário.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;O que são os seus livros, para você?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Cecília&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt; -&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Meus livros não são mais do que o desenrolar natural de uma vida encantada com todas as coisas, e mergulhada em solidão e silêncio tanto quanto possível.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;O que você pretende como escritora?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Cecília - &lt;/span&gt;Acordar a criatura humana dessa espécie de sonambulismo em que tantos se deixam arrastar. Mostrar-lhes a vida em profundidade. Sem pretensão filosófica de salvação, mas por uma contemplação poética afetuosa e participante.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Como você como poeta descreveria a poesia?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Cecília - &lt;/span&gt;Poesia é grito, mas transfigurado. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;O que para você, te faz ser uma escritora tão bem sucedida?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Cecília - Vivo constantemente com fome de acertar. Sempre&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;quase digo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;o que quero. Para transmitir, preciso saber. Não posso arrancar tudo de mim mesma sempre. Por isso leio, estudo. Cultura, para mim, é emoção sempre nova. Posso passar anos sem pisar num cinema, mas não posso deixar de ler, deixar de ouvir minha música (prefiro a medieval), deixar de estudar, híndi ou o hebraico, compreende?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;Você publicou vários livros entre eles uma biografia?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Cecília &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Na verdade minhas memórias, Olhinhos de Gato, um pequeno livro de memórias que predomina uma narrativa de minha história quando criança e adolescente.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Dentre seus livros o Romanceiro da Inconfidência, esse livro que julgo ser ao mesmo tempo épico e dramático, nos faz viajar a essa parte da história do país. Em fim, por que você escreveu esse livro?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Cecília &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;- &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Muitas vezes me perguntei por que não teria existido um escritor do século 18 – e houve tantos, em Minas! - que pusesse por escrito essa grandiosa e comovente história. Mas hoje posso entender porque isso não aconteceu, principalmente de levarmos em conta a importância do traumatismo provocado por um episodio desse, em tempos de duros castigos, severas perseguições, lutas sangrentas pela transformação do mundo, em grande parte estruturada por instituições secretas, de invioláveis arquivos. Também muitas vezes me pergunte se devia obedecer a esse apelo dos meus fantasmas, e tomar o encargo de narra a estranha história de que haviam participado e de que me obrigaram a participar também, tanto anos depois, de modo diferente, porém, com a mesma, ou talvez maior intensidade.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;O “Romanceiro” conta várias histórias contando uma. Você escolheu um ângulo exclusivo para escrevê-lo?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Cecília - &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;O “Romanceiro” não julga. Ele é apenas um convite á reflexão. Todas as páginas mantêm esse desejo de equilíbrio – narrar o que foi ouvido nestes ares de Minas, especialmente em Ouro preto, cheia de ressonância incansáveis – e aponta nessa interminável confidencia o que lhe dá eternidade, o que não é somente uma palavra ocasional, local, circunstancial-, mas uma palavra de violenta seiva, atuante em qualquer tempo, desde que interpretadora, como ontem os oráculos e a sibilas.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Para você o que é um escritor?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Cecília &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;O escritor é a pessoa que diz o que muitos sentem e não sabem expressá-lo. Nossa responsabilidade é de dizer essas coisas com clareza. E há, também, essas coisas que nem todas as pessoas sentem, mas que o escritor ensina a sentir.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 8.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Por que do seu jeito meio esquivo?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Cecília - &lt;/span&gt;Esse meu jeito esquivo é porque acho que cada&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;ser humano&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;é sagrado, compreende? É esse pudor de invadir, esse medo do perto. Eu sou uma criatura de longe.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;O que mais marca a personalidade de Cecília Meireles?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Cecília - &lt;/span&gt;Em toda a vida, nunca me esforcei por ganhar nem me espantei por perder. A noção ou o sentimento da transitoriedade de tudo é o fundamento mesmo da minha personalidade.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/feeds/2560573203391000134/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/4722376536388561861/2560573203391000134?isPopup=true' title='2 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/2560573203391000134'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/2560573203391000134'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/2009/09/entrevista-ficticia-com-cecilia.html' title='Entrevista fictícia com Cecilia Meirelles'/><author><name>Clara</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05815583509402120931</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGnuCxYoDn7f7JT-uuF27GhL1ewzididDpjQ_VMKSsnAbHc7xXabtX5cDRyqqqWN6Zl4KunVcJCQk-fFjJ2CRWOhNj0wBA-Si69v5gpe9VzvQlmiaX2MdNOahVFja2vA/s220/rosa.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrLk8f9UgOwXp8o_JIJrGLm8QeDvwHtc9IzJCBXCCD6Uf4lDft0jSLfUEisPXS-1KqsMhY3Dbmkqsv27kjt5OZFP8Jz3L8aKqrxwUO8UYnvKcoxIvKY8SbSRqRu9Z3XMnVRluk7t-Go7oJ/s72-c/587.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4722376536388561861.post-8650005649533855880</id><published>2009-06-29T20:37:00.006-03:00</published><updated>2009-06-30T17:46:30.275-03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Literatura"/><title type='text'>Poemas e Poesias</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:28.05pt&quot;&gt;A maioria das pessoas acreditam que não há uma diferença entre poemas e poesias, mas na verdade a sim.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://poemas-e-poesias-de-eide.blogspot.com/&quot;&gt;Poesia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://poemas-e-poesias-de-eide.blogspot.com/&quot;&gt;:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style:italic;color:black;&quot;&gt; Caráter do que emociona, toca a sensibilidade. Sugerir emoções por meio de uma linguagem.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style:italic;color:black;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style=&quot;margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://poemas-e-poesias-de-eide.blogspot.com/&quot;&gt;Poema&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://poemas-e-poesias-de-eide.blogspot.com/&quot;&gt;:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style:italic;color:black;&quot;&gt; obra em verso em que há poesia*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:28.05pt&quot;&gt;Portanto há uma diferença. Os poemas são concretos aqueles conjuntos de versos que se tornam tão bonitos, já as poesias são muito mais, elas tramitem a emoção o sentimento aqueles quais as pessoas que escreveram usaram de inspiração, quando no poema se percebe esse sentimento&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;e/ou emociona aqueles que a leem, isso é poesia.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:28.05pt&quot;&gt;Uma diferença &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;é tão exposta que ema música, por exemplo, pode ter poesia, mas não terá poema, assim também é a prosa.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:28.05pt&quot;&gt;Elas podem ser classificada em:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:28.05pt&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:27.35pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 27.35pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration:none;text-underline:nonecolor:windowtext;&quot;&gt;É&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration:none;text-underline:nonecolor:windowtext;&quot;&gt;pica -&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;onde um&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration:none;text-underline: nonecolor:windowtext;&quot;&gt;narrador&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;conta uma história&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:27.35pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 27.35pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration:none; text-underline:nonecolor:windowtext;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: none;text-underline:nonecolor:windowtext;&quot;&gt;ramática -&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;gênero que incluem todas as peças&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot; text-decoration:none;text-underline:nonecolor:windowtext;&quot;&gt;teatrais&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;em &lt;span style=&quot; text-decoration:none;text-underline:nonecolor:windowtext;&quot;&gt;versos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;e onde são os personagens que falam, e não o poeta&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:27.35pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 27.35pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;Poesia lírica &lt;/b&gt;- o poeta fala diretamente ao leitor, representando os sentimentos, estado de espírito e percepções dele ou dela.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:27.35pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 27.35pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-family:Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-family:Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:27.35pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 27.35pt&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:27.35pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 27.35pt&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;margin-left: 27.35pt; text-indent: -18pt; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;   style=&quot;font-family:Georgia;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot; font-weight: normal; font-size:11px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;   style=&quot;font-family:Georgia;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot; font-weight: normal;font-size:11px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;   style=&quot; font-weight: normal;  font-family:Georgia;font-size:11px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;margin-left: 27.35pt; text-indent: -18pt; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;   style=&quot;font-family:Georgia;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot; font-weight: normal;font-size:11px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;   style=&quot;font-family:Georgia;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;*Segundo o sitedeliteratura&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;margin-left: 27.35pt; text-indent: -18pt; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;   style=&quot;font-family:Georgia;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot; font-weight: normal; font-size:11px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/feeds/8650005649533855880/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/4722376536388561861/8650005649533855880?isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/8650005649533855880'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/8650005649533855880'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/2009/06/poemas-e-poesias.html' title='Poemas e Poesias'/><author><name>Clara</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05815583509402120931</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGnuCxYoDn7f7JT-uuF27GhL1ewzididDpjQ_VMKSsnAbHc7xXabtX5cDRyqqqWN6Zl4KunVcJCQk-fFjJ2CRWOhNj0wBA-Si69v5gpe9VzvQlmiaX2MdNOahVFja2vA/s220/rosa.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4722376536388561861.post-8447264689371847708</id><published>2009-02-18T15:08:00.036-03:00</published><updated>2009-06-20T16:43:55.771-03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Biologia"/><title type='text'>Membrana Plasmatica</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot; href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2FaTm7SrCtW8pqbXLIlUJiWPyAp3-5MQs3A3DmyzQneQ_SqZFJQvwkbiv3wQ8xWqn6L9QJK82CFQH2SYEmbKf5dzeP1NzkA81L1DfncVladm3_uFnCD9pr2oEzLz-qpwemVg0bwT_bZMT/s1600-h/membrana+plasmatica.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2FaTm7SrCtW8pqbXLIlUJiWPyAp3-5MQs3A3DmyzQneQ_SqZFJQvwkbiv3wQ8xWqn6L9QJK82CFQH2SYEmbKf5dzeP1NzkA81L1DfncVladm3_uFnCD9pr2oEzLz-qpwemVg0bwT_bZMT/s400/membrana+plasmatica.jpg&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306416998208942610&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;O que é?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;----&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;A membrana celular ou a plasmalema é uma finíssima película que envolve o citoplasma de todas as células vivas, tanto as procarióticas como as eucarióticas. Ela divide o meio intra-celular e o meio extra celular.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;Qual é a função?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;----&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;----&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;Ela tem a função de manter o equilíbrio da quantidade de substancias dentro e fora da célula, assim a membrana pode impedir ou permitir a entrada e a saída das substancia presente no interior da célula.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;Como ela é constituída?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;----&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;----&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;A membrana é constituída fundamentalmente, por fosfolipídios e proteínas (e colesterol nos animais), por isso se diz que tem uma constituição lipoproteica. Com base na constituição foi criado o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px;-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;modelo de mosaico fluído proposto por Singer e Nicholson. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px;-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px;-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;O modelo Mosaico fluido?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;----&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px;-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;O modelo Mosaico fluido é diz que a membrana plasmática é formada por uma dupla camada de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px;-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;fosfolipídica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;organizada de modo a que as cabeças hidrofílicas (gostam de água) fiquem viradas para o lado exterior da membrana e as caudas hidrofóbicas (não gostam de água) para o interior. Esses fosfolipídios se deslocam continuamente, mas sem perder o contato. Neste estão aderidos proteínas algumas superficialmente, outras atravessam a toda a membrana.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;Funções&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;Fosfolipídios&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;- Os fosfolipídios têm por função manter o citoplasma, e todo o interior da célula, impenetrável para as substancias que não são desejadas. Graças a sua estrutura formada por duas parte umas hidrofílicas e umas hidrofóbicas, ela se mantém sempre em movimento, assim sempre se mantém completa, e de fácil corregibilidade ou cicatrização.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;Proteínas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt; - Têm duas funções principais, a primeira é o transporte de substancias de dentro para fora da célula e vice-versa, a outra função é de percepção de substancias. Fora da célula.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;Transportes - &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;A célula realiza dois tipos de transporte: o passivo (que inclui a difusão e a osmose) e ativo que gasta energia no transporte de substancias e determinadas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;Transportes passivos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;Difusão simples&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt; - É&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt; nada além do que a troca de substâncias, pelo gradiente de concentração, entre o meio interno externo da célula. Isto é,  as moléculas de certa substância atravessam da região externa para interna ou o oposto, para que haja a mesma concentração desta substância em ambos os meios. Por meio desse processo que o oxigênio e o gás carbônico entram e saem da célula.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;Osmose -&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt; É uma espécie de difusão que só ocorre com água, a diferença é que na osmose, se uma célula for colocada em um recipiente com água pura, a água que está contida fora da célula se moverá para a área interna. Se a célula for colocada numa solução com mais soluto ( menor concentração de água) a água no interior da célula se movera para a parte externa. Mas no caso um, a célula não chegaria a explodir graças a pressão osmótico e ela é proporcional á concentração da solução.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;----&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;Podemos classificar três formas de concentração:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;1- Hipertônica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt; quando a célula (ou substancia)  ganha à água de outras substâncias, aumentando a pressão osmótica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;2- hipotônica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;quando a célula (ou substância) perde a água em relação a outras substâncias, diminuindo a pressão osmótica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;- Isotônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;Quando a pressão osmótica de duas soluções e a mesma, uma em relação à outra.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;Difusão facilitada  -&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt; É quando as moléculas das substâncias atravessam a membrana através da proteína, esse tipo de transportes ocorre com a glicose e com íons, por causa da sua carga tem dificuldade de atravessar as camadas lipídicas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;Transporte ativo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;----&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;O transporte ativo oposto ao passivo, as substância vão do lugar onde estavam menos concentradas para aonde está mais concentrada, e acontece o gasto da energia, este transporte ocorre através de proteínas especiais que mudam de forma para permitir a entrada e a saída das substâncias. Está mudança gasta energia, esta é obtida através de moléculas obtidas pela respiração celular à adenosina trifosfato (ATP), Assim a ATP-ases (enzimas que &quot;quebram&quot; as moléculas de ATP) faz seu papel, transformam ATP em ADP (adenosina disfosfato), liberando energia para esse processo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;Exemplos de transporte ativo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;Bomba de sódio e potássio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;- A concentração de sódio (Na+) é maior fora da célula e a de potássio (K+) é maior dentro. Ao contrario da difusão eles não se igualam, sempre sai moléculas de sódio e entra moléculas de potássio.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;Endocitose e exocitose&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;----&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;Moléculas orgânicas maiores não atravessam a membrana elas entram e saem da célula pelos citados processos acima. O processo de entrada dessas partículas na célula é chamado de endocitose. O processo de saída dessas partículas recebe o nome de exorcitose (ou clasmotose).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;Existem dois tipos de endocitose:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style=&quot;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;1º fogocitose&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;- a célula &quot;come&quot; partículas insolúveis, neste processo a célula realiza o movimento psedopode , ou seja . falsos pés que envolvem a partícula até que a mesma já esteja no citoplasma. Para os protozoários, por exemplo, esse processo é a sua forma de alimentação.  No nosso organismo este serve para destruir corpos estranhos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style=&quot;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;2º Pinocitose&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;- esse processo ingere líquido, de forma mais simples, chamada invaginação da membrana, o seja, a membrana afunda envolvendo a substância depois a membrana estrangula-se na ponta, formando assim uma vesícula no citoplasma.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style=&quot;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;Exocitose -&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;é o inverso, é a eliminação das substancias através das vesículas que migram do citoplasma para a membrana onde se integram liberando o dejeto ou substância.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;font-size:9.5pt;color:#333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot; line-height: 19px;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot; line-height: 19px; font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;                              &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19px;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;object width=&quot;445&quot; height=&quot;364&quot;&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;movie&quot; value=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/v/eqxTfvDCsuc&amp;amp;hl=pt-br&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;color1=0x006699&amp;amp;color2=0x54abd6&amp;amp;border=1&quot;&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;allowFullScreen&quot; value=&quot;true&quot;&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;allowscriptaccess&quot; value=&quot;always&quot;&gt;&lt;embed src=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/v/eqxTfvDCsuc&amp;amp;hl=pt-br&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;color1=0x006699&amp;amp;color2=0x54abd6&amp;amp;border=1&quot; type=&quot;application/x-shockwave-flash&quot; allowscriptaccess=&quot;always&quot; allowfullscreen=&quot;true&quot; width=&quot;445&quot; height=&quot;364&quot;&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/feeds/8447264689371847708/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/4722376536388561861/8447264689371847708?isPopup=true' title='3 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/8447264689371847708'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/8447264689371847708'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/2009/02/membrana-plasmatica.html' title='Membrana Plasmatica'/><author><name>Clara</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05815583509402120931</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGnuCxYoDn7f7JT-uuF27GhL1ewzididDpjQ_VMKSsnAbHc7xXabtX5cDRyqqqWN6Zl4KunVcJCQk-fFjJ2CRWOhNj0wBA-Si69v5gpe9VzvQlmiaX2MdNOahVFja2vA/s220/rosa.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2FaTm7SrCtW8pqbXLIlUJiWPyAp3-5MQs3A3DmyzQneQ_SqZFJQvwkbiv3wQ8xWqn6L9QJK82CFQH2SYEmbKf5dzeP1NzkA81L1DfncVladm3_uFnCD9pr2oEzLz-qpwemVg0bwT_bZMT/s72-c/membrana+plasmatica.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4722376536388561861.post-3011429662417614167</id><published>2009-02-12T17:03:00.011-03:00</published><updated>2009-05-10T22:31:30.780-03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Tecnologia"/><title type='text'>Para que serve o &quot;pesquisar blog&quot;</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot; href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlLkvfvbyDXS-9m2rIYRki4HKAmd5-J5-G5O1vocrUW01qduqLqGSpXIt40n3z3qKNs467GTmoDlSiae81WkDuAoFCrFG-xl7qs4V5fh0eEM37Zi4Eb5D9PmzU3tLLa9Ywu4Ei-llU5sin/s1600-h/blog.bmp&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 55px;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlLkvfvbyDXS-9m2rIYRki4HKAmd5-J5-G5O1vocrUW01qduqLqGSpXIt40n3z3qKNs467GTmoDlSiae81WkDuAoFCrFG-xl7qs4V5fh0eEM37Zi4Eb5D9PmzU3tLLa9Ywu4Ei-llU5sin/s400/blog.bmp&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5303475464515233426&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;----&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Quando deparei com esse pesquisador, comecei a pensar, era claro que servia para pesquisar, mais a tecla ao lado diz &quot;pesquisar blog&quot; levando a entender que serve para pesquisar outros blogs, claro! É a primeira impressão que se tem quando se olha. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;----&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Mas esse botão passa despercebida é uma ferramenta muito útil para pesquisar em blogs antigos, por esse motivo tem muito conteúdo. É só colocar a palavra certa ou aproximada e terá o texto ou postagem como acharem melhor denominar, correspondente ao tema, ele serve para uma busca o conteúdo que se encontra no blog em questão, que pode ser qualquer um. Acho que já sabia disso, então veremos esse texto como só um registro para os que virão. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/feeds/3011429662417614167/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/4722376536388561861/3011429662417614167?isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/3011429662417614167'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/3011429662417614167'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/2009/02/para-que-serve-o-pesquisas-blog.html' title='Para que serve o &quot;pesquisar blog&quot;'/><author><name>Clara</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05815583509402120931</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGnuCxYoDn7f7JT-uuF27GhL1ewzididDpjQ_VMKSsnAbHc7xXabtX5cDRyqqqWN6Zl4KunVcJCQk-fFjJ2CRWOhNj0wBA-Si69v5gpe9VzvQlmiaX2MdNOahVFja2vA/s220/rosa.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlLkvfvbyDXS-9m2rIYRki4HKAmd5-J5-G5O1vocrUW01qduqLqGSpXIt40n3z3qKNs467GTmoDlSiae81WkDuAoFCrFG-xl7qs4V5fh0eEM37Zi4Eb5D9PmzU3tLLa9Ywu4Ei-llU5sin/s72-c/blog.bmp" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4722376536388561861.post-4977382316051369226</id><published>2009-02-09T17:16:00.026-03:00</published><updated>2009-05-10T22:27:10.051-03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Física"/><title type='text'>Notação científica</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;O que é notação científica?&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;----&lt;/span&gt;Notação científica é uma forma breve de representar números, em especial muito grandes ou muito pequenos.com o auxílio de potências de base 10.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0); &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;----&lt;/span&gt;Esses números como o próprio nome já explica é usado em anotações cientificas. Por exemplo, a superfície do sol é de 6,09 × 10¹² km². Imagine o tempo que levaria para  escrever isso? Outro exemplo é a massa real de um próton que é  aproximadamente, 1,6 multiplicados por dez elevado a vinte e quatro ou 0, 00000000000000000000000000167 gramas.&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Qual é a história dessa forma de anotação?&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;----&lt;/span&gt;A primeira tentativa conhecida de representar números demasiadamente extensos foi empreendida pelo matemático e filósofo grego Arquimedes, e descrita em sua obra O Contador de Areia, no século III a.C.. Ele desenvolveu um método de representação numérica para estimar quantos grãos de areia existiam no universo. O número estimado por ele foi de 1 X 1063 grãos.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0); &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;----&lt;/span&gt;Foi através da notação científica que foi concebido o modelo de representação de números reais através de ponto flutuante. Essa ideia foi proposta independentemente por Leonardo Torres y Quevedo (1914), Konrad Zuse (1936) e George Robert Stibitz (1939). A codificação em ponto flutuante dos computadores atuais é basicamente uma notação científica de base dois.&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;O modelo
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;n . 10*&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0); &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;----&lt;/span&gt;A notação cientifica segue um modelo simples, ela é formada por um coeficiente, também chamado de mantissa, (n) multiplicado por dez, o qual será elevado a um expoente(*) correspondente as casas decimais que foram &quot;corridas.&quot;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Exemplo: 1000 = 1. 10³
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Há um padrão*&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0); &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;----&lt;/span&gt;A definição básica de notação científica permite uma infinidade de representações para cada valor. Mas a notação científica padronizada inclui uma restrição o coeficiente deve ser maior ou igual a 1 e menor que 10. Desse modo cada número é representado de uma única maneira.&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;*para as notações cientificas padronizadas não em todas.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Como se fazer uma notação científica&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;1º Observe onde se encontra a vírgula caso ela não seja vista, podemos concluir obviamente que ele se encontra depois da  unidade. Por exemplo, no número 132 a vírgula se encontra depois do 2. (pois 132,0 é igual a 132, já que os número zero depois da vírgula não tem valor)&lt;p&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;2º Como já lemos as notações cientificas costumam ter um coeficiente maior que 1 e menor que 10, assim continuando o exemplo, o coreto será andar duas casa decimais para a esquerda assim: 132 = 1,32 x 10², como você pode perceber, que como &quot;andou-se&quot; duas casas decimais, elevamos o expoente do numero dez a dois.
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0); &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;----&lt;/span&gt;Pronto temos uma notação cientifica, é simples, concorda? Mas  isso foi inventado para facilitar a escrita e também as operações matemáticas com números muito grandes e muito pequenos.  Vamos aplicar exemplificando um pouco.&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;O que você tem que aprender&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;1. A “Cada casa decimal “andada”,  diminui-se o valor do coeficiente, aumentando o expoente em uma unidade, e vice-versa”.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;2. Quando o número a ser transformado for maior que um, a vírgula &quot;andara&quot; para a esquerda, e o expoente será positivo.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;3. Quando o número a ser transformado for menos que um, a vírgula &quot;andara&quot;  para a direita e o expoente será negativo.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
EXEMPLOS:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
a) 12 000 000 000 000 = 1,2 x 10¹³h&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
b) 5 481 = 5, 481x10³&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
c)255,5 = 2, 555 x 10²&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
Com números menores que um.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
d) 0 0025 = 2,5 x 10 elevado a -3&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
e) 0 0458 = 4,58 x 10 elevado a -2&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;

&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;perações matemáticas com notações&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
Adição e subtração&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;-----&lt;/span&gt;Para somar ou subtrair dois números em notação científica, é necessário que o expoente seja o mesmo. Ou seja, um dos valores deve ser transformado para que seu expoente seja igual ao do outro. A transformação segue o mesmo princípio de equilíbrio. O resultado possivelmente não estará na forma padronizada, sendo convertido posteriormente.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Exemplos:
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
A]4,1 • 107 + 3,5 • 105 = 4,1 • 107 + 0,135 • 107 = 4,135 • 107&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
b]6,35 • 109 - 6,25 • 109 = 0,10 • 109 (não padronizado) = 10 • 107 &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;(padronizado)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
Multiplicação&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;----&lt;/span&gt;Multiplicamos as mantissas e somamos os expoentes de cada valor. O resultado possivelmente não será padronizado, mas pode ser convertido:
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;Exemplos:&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
c] (6,2 x 108) . (3,5 x 105) =  (6,2 x 3,5) • 108+5 = 21,8 x 1013 (não padronizado) = 2,18 x 1014 (padronizado)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
d](4 x 106) x (2,5 x 10-15) = (4 x 2,5) x106+(-15) = 10 x 10-9&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
Divisão&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;----&lt;/span&gt;Dividimos os coeficiente e subtraímos os expoentes de cada valor. O resultado possivelmente não será padronizado, mas pode ser convertido:
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;Exemplos:&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
e](8 x 1017) : (2 x 109) = (8 :2) x 1017-9 = 4 x 108 (padronizado)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
f](2,4 x 10-7) : (6,2 x 10-11) = (2,4 / 6,2) x 10-7-(-11) ≈ 0,3871 x 104 (não padronizado) = 3,871 x 10³ (padronizado)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
Exponenciação&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;----&lt;/span&gt;A mantissa é elevada ao expoente externo e o expoente da base dez é multiplicado pelo expoente externo.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
g](2 • 106)4 = (24) • 106 • 4 = 16 • 1024 = 1,6 • 1025 (padronizado)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
Radiciação&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;----&lt;/span&gt;Antes de fazer a radiciação é preciso transformar um expoente para um valor múltiplo do índice. Depois de feito isso, o resultado é a radiciação da mantissa multiplicada por dez elevado à razão entre o expoente e o índice do radical.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
&lt;img src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/5/f/4/5f4091fa9076fe7b68fdae63b176b459.png&quot; alt=&quot;\sqrt[5]{6,7\cdot 10^{17}} = \sqrt[5]{670\cdot 10^{15}} = \sqrt[5]{670}\cdot 10^{15/5} \approx 3,674\cdot 10^{3}&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/2/1/d/21de17d57f395bb21f845b1a7ec00351.png&quot; alt=&quot;\sqrt{1,6\cdot 10^{27}} = \sqrt{16\cdot 10^{26}} = \sqrt{16}\cdot 10^{26/2} = 4\cdot 10^{13}&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/feeds/4977382316051369226/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/4722376536388561861/4977382316051369226?isPopup=true' title='49 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/4977382316051369226'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/4977382316051369226'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/2009/02/notacao-cientifica.html' title='Notação científica'/><author><name>Clara</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05815583509402120931</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGnuCxYoDn7f7JT-uuF27GhL1ewzididDpjQ_VMKSsnAbHc7xXabtX5cDRyqqqWN6Zl4KunVcJCQk-fFjJ2CRWOhNj0wBA-Si69v5gpe9VzvQlmiaX2MdNOahVFja2vA/s220/rosa.jpg'/></author><thr:total>49</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4722376536388561861.post-1496003415540248861</id><published>2008-12-14T19:44:00.006-03:00</published><updated>2009-05-10T21:25:11.880-03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Biologia"/><title type='text'>As vinte e uma coisas mais curiosas no corpo humano</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 153);&quot;&gt;Você sabia?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:2.15pt; margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.55pt; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Arial; color:#333333&quot;&gt;Os olhos piscam aproximadamente 25 mil vezes por dia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:2.15pt; margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.55pt; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Arial; color:#333333&quot;&gt;Destros vivem, em média, nove anos mais que canhotos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:2.15pt; margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.55pt; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Arial; color:#333333&quot;&gt;Os pés possuem um quarto dos ossos do corpo humano.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:2.15pt; margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.55pt; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Arial; color:#333333&quot;&gt;Tal como as impressões digitais, a superfície da língua é diferente de pessoa para pessoa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:2.15pt; margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.55pt; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;5.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Arial; color:#333333&quot;&gt;Se tentar impedir que um espirro seja expelido pode morrer ao causar a ruptura duma veia no cérebro ou na nuca.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:2.15pt; margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.55pt; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;6.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Arial; color:#333333&quot;&gt;Se espirrar com muita força pode partir uma costela.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:2.15pt; margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.55pt; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;7.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Arial; color:#333333&quot;&gt;A cada ano, 98% dos átomos do seu corpo são substituídos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:2.15pt; margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.55pt; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;8.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Arial; color:#333333&quot;&gt;O coração bate em média de 70 vezes por minuto, a cada batida ele bombeia 90 mililitros de sangue que percorrem o corpo em apenas um minuto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:2.15pt; margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.55pt; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;9.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Arial; color:#333333&quot;&gt;A capacidade de ar dos pulmões é de cerca de &lt;st1:metricconverter productid=&quot;5 litros&quot; st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;5 litros&lt;/st1:metricconverter&gt; de ar, porém somente meio litro é renovado a cada respiração. Como a freqüência respiratória é de cerca de 15 movimentos por minuto, respiramos &lt;st1:metricconverter productid=&quot;450 litros&quot; st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;450 litros&lt;/st1:metricconverter&gt; de ar em uma hora; &lt;st1:metricconverter productid=&quot;10.800 litros&quot; st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;10.800 litros&lt;/st1:metricconverter&gt; por dia ou ainda 3,9 milhões de litros em um ano.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:2.15pt; margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.55pt; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;10.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Arial; color:#333333&quot;&gt;É impossível lamber o próprio cotovelo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:2.15pt; margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.55pt; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;11.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Arial; color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px;-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px&quot;&gt;Se dormirmos, em média, 8 horas por dia, aos 40 anos teremos dormido 13 anos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:2.15pt; margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.55pt; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;12.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Arial; color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px;-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px&quot;&gt;Todo tem 300 ossos quando nascemos, mas chegamos a adultos apenas com 206.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:2.15pt; margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.55pt; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;13.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Arial; color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px;-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px&quot;&gt;Uma pessoa possui quase um milhão de fios de cabelo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:2.15pt; margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.55pt; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;14.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Arial; color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px;-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px&quot;&gt;Mais de metade dos ossos do corpo humano estão nas mãos e nos pé&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:2.15pt; margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.55pt; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;15.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Arial; color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px;-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px&quot;&gt;A superfície da pele mede &lt;st1:metricconverter productid=&quot;2 metros quadrados&quot; st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;2 metros quadrados&lt;/st1:metricconverter&gt; e pesa cerca de &lt;st1:metricconverter productid=&quot;4 kg&quot; st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;4 kg&lt;/st1:metricconverter&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:2.15pt; margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.55pt; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;16.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Arial; color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px;-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px&quot;&gt;Uma pessoa possui, em média, gordura corporal suficiente para fazer duas dúzias de sabonetes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana; color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:2.15pt; margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.55pt; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;17.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Arial; color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px;-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px&quot;&gt;Durante o tempo que demoraste a ler esta frase 50.000 células do teu corpo morreram e foram substituídas por células mais novas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:2.15pt; margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.55pt; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;18.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Arial; color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px;-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px&quot;&gt;Os cientistas calcularam que a velocidade de um pensamento é de &lt;st1:metricconverter productid=&quot;240 km/h&quot; st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;240 km/h&lt;/st1:metricconverter&gt;!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:2.15pt; margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.55pt; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;19.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Arial; color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px;-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px&quot;&gt;Se não exercitarmos o que aprendemos, esquecemos 25% em seis horas, 33% em 24 horas e 90% em seis meses.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:2.15pt; margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.55pt; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;20.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Arial; color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px;-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px&quot;&gt;O maior músculo do corpo humano é o Grande Glúteo, a conhecida bunda.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:2.15pt; margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.55pt; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;21.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Arial; color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px;-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px&quot;&gt;Os músculos mais fortes do corpo estão localizados em ambos os lados da boca.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana; color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:2.15pt; margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:13.55pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Verdana;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; &quot;&gt;O quão maravilhoso é &lt;a href=&quot;http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/2008/12/deus-tem-nome-se-tem-qual.html&quot;&gt;Jeová &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/feeds/1496003415540248861/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/4722376536388561861/1496003415540248861?isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/1496003415540248861'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/1496003415540248861'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/2008/12/as-vinte-e-uma-coisas-mais-curiosas-no.html' title='As vinte e uma coisas mais curiosas no corpo humano'/><author><name>Clara</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05815583509402120931</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGnuCxYoDn7f7JT-uuF27GhL1ewzididDpjQ_VMKSsnAbHc7xXabtX5cDRyqqqWN6Zl4KunVcJCQk-fFjJ2CRWOhNj0wBA-Si69v5gpe9VzvQlmiaX2MdNOahVFja2vA/s220/rosa.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4722376536388561861.post-4313245474867776827</id><published>2008-12-08T17:12:00.020-03:00</published><updated>2009-05-10T20:29:29.525-03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Tecnologia"/><title type='text'>Cuidado! As pragas tecnológicas podem esta ai !</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;----&lt;/span&gt;Os vírus estão em toda parte prontos para atacar seja eles seres acelulares ou os que invadem o nosso micro computadores os destruindo, por vezes completamente.&lt;p&gt;

Vamos saber mais um pouco sobre estas pragas tecnológicas:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;O que é um vírus?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;----&lt;/span&gt;Vírus de computador é um programa como outro qualquer, é um programa malicioso desenvolvido por programadores que, tal como um vírus, infecta o sistema, faz cópias de si mesmo e tenta se espalhar para outros computadores, utilizando-se de diversos meios. Geralmente muito pequeno, menos do que esta linha de texto.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Como ele aparece?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;----&lt;/span&gt;As maiorias das contaminações ocorrem pela ação do usuário executando o arquivo infectado recebido como um anexo de um e-mail. A segunda causa de contaminação é por Sistema Operacional desatualizado, sem a aplicação de corretivos, que poderiam corrigir vulnerabilidades conhecidas dos sistemas operacionais ou aplicativos, que poderiam causar o recebimento e execução do vírus inadvertidamente. Ainda existem alguns tipos de vírus que permanecem ocultos em determinadas horas, entrando em execução em horas especificas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;O que eles causam?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;

&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Perda de desempenho do micro;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Exclusão de arquivos;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Alteração de dados;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Acesso a informações confidenciais por pessoas não autorizadas;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Perda de desempenho da rede (local e Internet);
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Monitoramento de utilização (espiões);
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Desconfiguração do Sistema Operacional;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Inutilização de determinados programas.
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Como posso evitá-lo?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;----&lt;/span&gt;Tenha um bom antivírus e o deixe ativo: aqui vão alguns links e uma lista com os melhores antivírus&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;

&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baixaki.com.br/download/avast-home-edition.htm&quot;&gt;Avast! Home Edition&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baixaki.com.br/download/avg-anti-virus-free.htm&quot;&gt;AVG 8.0&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baixaki.com.br/download/panda-anti-rootkit.htm&quot;&gt;Panda Anti-Rootkit 1.08.00&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;

2. Mantenha seu Sistema Operacional sempre atualizado
3. Atualize os principais programas de acesso a Internet
4. Nunca abra arquivos anexos em e-mails com extensões, exe., bat, scr, com, pif, etc., sem antes de certificar se de sua idoneidade.
5. Quando for baixar arquivos anexos a e-mail, observe o nome do mesmo, e se a sua extensão estiver duplicada, são grandes as chances de o arquivo estar infectado (ex: curriculum.doc.doc), ou mesmo dupla extensão diferente (ex:boleto.pdf.exe).
Muito cuidado com algumas coisas que mandem para você por e email ou pelo Orkut pode ser vírus, Orkut ranqueados estão se tornando muito comuns ultimamente.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Quais são os piores? Por graus de danos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;O cavalo de Tróia ou Trojan -&lt;/span&gt; Certos vírus trazem em seu bojo um código a parte, que permite a um estranho acessar o micro infectado ou coletar dados e enviá-los pela Internet para um desconhecido, sem notificar o usuário&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Minhocas, worm ou vermes &lt;/span&gt;- Com o interesse de fazer um vírus se espalhar da forma mais abrangente possível. Seus criadores por vezes, deixaram de lado o desejo de danificar o sistema dos usuários infectados e passaram a programar seus vírus de forma que apenas se repliquem sem o objetivo de causar graves danos ao sistema. Desta forma, seus autores visam tornar suas criações mais conhecidas na Internet.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;

Com certeza só uma coisa pior que os vírus, os seus criadores, humanos tão desprezíveis quanto as suas criações.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;


&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;TOME MUITO CUIDADO!
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;EU AVISO, POIS JA FUI VITÍMA DESSAS PRAGAS TECNOLOGICAS.&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/feeds/4313245474867776827/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/4722376536388561861/4313245474867776827?isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/4313245474867776827'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/4313245474867776827'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/2008/12/cuidado-eles-podem-esta-ai.html' title='Cuidado! As pragas tecnológicas podem esta ai !'/><author><name>Clara</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05815583509402120931</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGnuCxYoDn7f7JT-uuF27GhL1ewzididDpjQ_VMKSsnAbHc7xXabtX5cDRyqqqWN6Zl4KunVcJCQk-fFjJ2CRWOhNj0wBA-Si69v5gpe9VzvQlmiaX2MdNOahVFja2vA/s220/rosa.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4722376536388561861.post-8638158493299523719</id><published>2008-11-30T13:06:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2009-02-10T12:29:34.377-03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="História"/><title type='text'>O que é História?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;CONCEITO:
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;É o estudo do espaço humano. É a ciência que se preocupa em conhecer a vida dos homens através dos tempos.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;FINALIDADE:
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Aumentar nossa capacidade de compreender o presente e ampliar nossa visão do futuro.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;FONTES:
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;São diversos tipos de materiais que testemunham as idéias e realizações do homem através do tempo. As fontes históricas podem ser escritas ou não escritas.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;HISTÓRIA E PRÉ-HISTÓRIA
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;O aparecimento da escrita é o marco inicial da história propriamente dita. Antes do surgimento da escrita, temos a chamada Pré-história. 
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/feeds/8638158493299523719/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/4722376536388561861/8638158493299523719?isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/8638158493299523719'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4722376536388561861/posts/default/8638158493299523719'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saber-de-aprendiz.blogspot.com/2008/11/o-que-histria.html' title='O que é História?'/><author><name>Clara</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05815583509402120931</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGnuCxYoDn7f7JT-uuF27GhL1ewzididDpjQ_VMKSsnAbHc7xXabtX5cDRyqqqWN6Zl4KunVcJCQk-fFjJ2CRWOhNj0wBA-Si69v5gpe9VzvQlmiaX2MdNOahVFja2vA/s220/rosa.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4722376536388561861.post-5583060946083830561</id><published>2008-11-28T21:52:00.013-03:00</published><updated>2010-05-19T10:49:09.049-03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="História"/><title type='text'>RESUMO DA HISTÓRIA DE FEIRA DE SANTANA</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 130%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 130%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;times new roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;Feira de Santana de (1619-1833)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 130%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;times new roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://www.geocities.com/TimesSquare/6090/centro.jpg&quot; style=&quot;cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 311px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 289px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;----&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Os primeiros habitantes do&amp;nbsp;lugar, onde se situa a Cidade de Feira de Santana foram os índios pertencentes a tribo Paiaiá. A área atual do nosso município pertencia ao primogénito de São José das Itapororocas, que era vizinho a Sesmaria dos tocos, pertencente à família do português Guedes de Brito, desde 1609, na casa da Ponte.&amp;nbsp;João Peixoto Veigas e sua família povoaram a região de Feira de Santana de 1619 a 1795, 167 anos de latifúndio. Uma colonização pontilhada de currais e de engenho de açúcar, sobre tudo com a cultura e exportação de fumo e o trafico de escravos. Essas terras mais tarde foram divididas em pequenas fazendas expostas a venda.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;----&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Quatro fazendas rodeavam este lugar. As pessoas da povoação fizeram construir uma capela no Alto da Boa Vista, junto á estrada que se iam ao Sertão do rio São Francisco. A história de Feira de Santana estava estabelecida de tal forma a não deixar dúvida, e não estimulavam possíveis pesquisadores.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;----&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Todos repetiam a velha história de Domingos Barbosa de Araújo e Ana Brandão, que haviam doado braças de terra em quadro a Nossa Senhora Santana, para que construísse sua Capela no sítio do Alto da Boa vista. A doação realmente aconteceu em &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:date day=&quot;28&quot; ls=&quot;trans&quot; month=&quot;9&quot; st=&quot;on&quot; year=&quot;17&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;28  de Setembro de 17&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:date&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;32, essa doação foi lavrada em livro, mas o investigador Arnold Ferreira da silva, descobriu que monsenhor Renato Andrade Galvão, cura da Catedral, estava de posse de velhos livros dos assentamentos da Paróquia de São José das. Itapororocas, em &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:date day=&quot;22&quot; ls=&quot;trans&quot; month=&quot;7&quot; st=&quot;on&quot; year=&quot;19&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;22 de Julho de 19&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:date&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;62, descobriram interessantes documentos que provam já existir o povoado de Santana da Feira, ante da doação. Feira de Santana não surgiu de uma fazenda e sim, formada de um eixo com quatro fazendas, onde está hoje a Catedral.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;----&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Com a Capela do alto da boa vista junto à estrada que se iam ao sertão do Rio São Francisco. Estava formado um povoado com feirantes, a agricultura e animais diversos, como também o gado bovino. Havia acesso a toda parte, com um tabuleiro semiárido, rodeado por excelentes pastagens naturais, uma região rica em olhos d água, córregos e riachos, e por isso tornou-se pouso para os moravam ali e os que passavam. Eles trocavam louças, tecidos, perfumes por outros produtos da terra; como ovos, galinha, verduras, produtos bovinos; originou-se uma das principais atividades económicas da área: ´´ o comercio ``.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;----&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Com o decorrer do tempo, as pessoas atraídas pela feira livre e a do gado, passaram a construir mais casas, abrindo ruas e becos, às margens da estrada em direção ao norte, que em 1819 foi elevado a Arraial. O Arraial em 1832 era igualado em população com a Paróquia de São José, havendo campanhas políticas, para que este fosse elevado a município, ate que uma invasão vinda do Arraial de São Felix da Cachoeira ao Arraial de Santana da feira. Depois eles foram expulsos, ao chegar a noticia no Rio de Janeiro, o Governo do Império decretou em &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:date day=&quot;13&quot; ls=&quot;trans&quot; month=&quot;11&quot; st=&quot;on&quot; year=&quot;18&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;13  de Novembro de 18&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:date&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;32 a emancipação política de Santana, (10) messes de trabalho, os (07) vereadores eleitos tomaram posse em &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:date day=&quot;18&quot; ls=&quot;trans&quot; month=&quot;9&quot; st=&quot;on&quot; year=&quot;18&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;18 de Setembro de18&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:date&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;33.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Os eleitos foram:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;· Manuel da Paixão Bacelar e Castro, com 779 votos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;· Padre Luis José Pinheiro da Silva Sampaio, com 680 votos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;· Antonio Honorato da Silva Rego, com 645 votos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;· Antonio Manuel Vitória, com 488 votos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;· Joaquim Caribe Morotova, com 454 votos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;· Padre Manuel Paulinho Maciel, com 454 votos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;· Joaquim José Pedreira Mangabeira, voto ignorado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; A Câmara Municipal solicitou ao Presidente da Província, em &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:date day=&quot;24&quot; ls=&quot;trans&quot; month=&quot;2&quot; st=&quot;on&quot; year=&quot;18&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;24 de Fevereiro de 18&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:date&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;36, um auxilio de OITO CONTOS DE REIS, para a reforma da Capela de Santana, que existia apenas com um acanhado principio já arruinado, Inteiramente fora da Proporção que devem ser aos templos sagrado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;As duas Feiras&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Em todo o Brasil, somente a Feira do Gado em Três Corações, em Minas Gerais era superior a de Feira de Santana. Em 1860, o gado bovino continuava a ser a principal mercadoria na Feira semanal e na economia do Município de Feira de Santana. O gado que até essa época chegava de Nazaré, a fim de seguir para Salvador e a Feira de Capuame (Hoje dias d´Ávila), vem para a Vila comercial de Santana da Feira. As boiadas que partiam de Minas Gerais da margem esquerda do rio São Francisco passavam por estradas em diversos municípios e chegavam a Santana da Feira.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Também faço saber onde ficavam as feiras do gado. Primeiro perto da Igreja de Matriz de Santana até o ano de 1838, o segundo no Campo da Gameleira ate o ano de 1942, o terceiro onde está o Fórum Filinto Bastos, até o ano de 1958, quando foi para o Alto da Queimadinha. Esta feira do gado entrou em decadência com o progresso da indústria de caminhão que se tornou o boiadeiro.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; A feira Livre que ocupava boa parte do Centro da Cidade mudou-se em &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:date day=&quot;10&quot; ls=&quot;trans&quot; month=&quot;1&quot; st=&quot;on&quot; year=&quot;1977&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;10 de Janeiro de 1977&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:date&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;, para o Centro de Abastecimento pelo prefeito José Falcão da Silva.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Os nomes de Feira de Santana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;A cidade de Feira de Santana já teve muitos nomes, o primeiro foi Capela de Santana dos olhos d água, em &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:date day=&quot;28&quot; ls=&quot;trans&quot; month=&quot;9&quot; st=&quot;on&quot; year=&quot;17&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;28 de Setembro de 17&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:date&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;32. Em 1819, a Capela foi elevada a Arraial de Santana da feira. Em 1833, com a emancipação – Vila de Santana da Feira. Em &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:date day=&quot;16&quot; ls=&quot;trans&quot; month=&quot;6&quot; st=&quot;on&quot; year=&quot;18&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;16  de Junho de 18&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:date&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;73, o governo da Provincial enviou um oficio à Câmara municipal comunicava o nome para cidade, o nome era de Comercial cidade de Santana da Feira, em &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:date day=&quot;8&quot; ls=&quot;trans&quot; month=&quot;7&quot; st=&quot;on&quot; year=&quot;19&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;8  de Julho de 19&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:date&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;31. E finalmente por decreto e em 1938 foi estabelecida a denominação de Feira de Santana.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;A cidade de Feira de Santana com o passa do tempo se tornou a 2° maior cidade do Estado da Bahia, O principal entroncamento do Estado. Que tenta preservar suas origens da Cidade nos seus prédios sem parar de crescer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 130%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 130%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;times new roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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