Business Education

Object Of Standard

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The purpose of this standard is:

(A) specify the circumstances in which investors use

the method of accounting ("equivalence") to

Investments in associated companies

(B) prescribe how the equivalence should be used

(C) require certain information regarding investment in

shareholders.

3.1.1 In some cases, the relationship between an investor and its investment

investor does not exceed a relationship between the sender. However,

in other cases, a special relationship between the investor and

investments are characterized by control of the investor or

significant influence over the investee. This standard deals

in a situation where the investor has significant influence

investment. In these cases, the investor known as associate members.

IAS International Accounting Standard 1024 "Consolidated Accounts" offers

accounting and its subsidiaries (subsidiaries).

3.1.2 Where the investor has significant influence over the investee, it is

ability to significantly affect one or both of the investee

financial and operating policies. Therefore, the investor must

be able to achieve some protection against changes in the operation

and conditions of the financial statements of the subsidiary, which would undermine

And also to achieve broad consistency in areas of mutual interest,

implementation of policies. Under these conditions, the investor

a measure of responsibility for the performance of partners.

Since the performance of resources and economic partners

underlying investment can have a significant effect

investors, the data must be reported in financial

Report of the investor.

3.1.3 Under the equity method, investment is initially recorded at

cost and adjusted thereafter for post acquisition

changes in investor participation in the net assets of the issuing company. The

income statement reflects the investor's share of profits or

loss of the issuing company.

3.1.4 require the use of equity investments in

and related information contained in this standard should lead

in general purpose financial reports that reflect the importance of

Investments in associated companies for investors. This

information should help users of the evaluation reports of the investor

performance, financial position and financing and investment

activities.

Operative Date

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This standard applies to accounting periods beginning on or after

1. July 1998.

2.1.1 Recognition and measurement requirements of this rule

is half financial reports beginning in mid-year at the

After July 1, 1998.

2.2 This standard may apply to periods beginning

before 1 July 1998 in an election has been made

in accordance with subsection 334 (5) Companies Act

2.3 Once operational, this Standard supersedes Accounting Standard

AASB 1016 "Investment Disclosure

Associates, as approved by notice published in

Commonwealth of Australia Gazette No. S224, 29 June 1989

and amended by Accounting Standard AASB 1025 "Application

the concept that the reporting and other changes. "

2.3.1 Notice of this Standard was published in the Commonwealth of

Australia Gazette August 25, 1998.

Application

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1.1 Unless paragraph 1.2, this rule applies to each unit

is necessary to prepare financial reports in accordance

with Part 2M.3 of the Corporations Law and:

(A) the reporting entity or

(B) to dispose of them, were to be consolidated, or in part,

general purpose financial report.

1.1.1 The provisions of this standard applies to financial statements

where information resulting from their use is essential. This

requirement is contained in the Accounting Standard IAS 1031

"Materiality" which provides guidance on the role of importance in

judgments in the preparation and presentation of financial statements

reports.

1.2 With the exception of the purposes of paragraph 6.1 of this Standard

does not apply when, according to a second accounting

Standard, investments are valued at net market value and

Changes in net market value are recognized as income or

expenses and net income

changes occur.

Paragraph 6.1 of this Standard requires certain disclosures

done on all employees of the investor applies the equity

or the equity method of

investment.

1.2.2 Other requirements of this standard does not apply when the network

method of calculating the market value of the investments required, or

in accordance with accepted accounting standards in another. To

For example, Accounting Standard AASB 1023 "Financial Reporting

General Insurance Activities' requires value method net market

accounting can be applied to investments that are part of

general insurance business. Another example is the accounting

Standard AASB 1030 "Application of Accounting Standards

Final accounts and consolidated accounts of the disclosure

Entities other than corporations, which enables companies

ordered to apply the benefits of the net market value

Method of accounting for financial assets.

Accounting - Online Business Degree Programs

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DeVry University

* Accounting Associates

* Bachelor of Arts in Accounting

* Master's degree in accounting and financial management

Grand Canyon University

* BS - Accounting

* MBA - Accounting

Kaplan University

* Associate of Applied Science in Accounting

* Bachelor of Science in Accounting - Legal Accounting

* Bachelor of Science degree in Accounting / Government - Accounting non profit

* Bachelor of Science degree in Accounting / Management Accounting

* Bachelor of Science Degree in Accounting / Government

* Bachelor of Science degree in accounting / tax accounting

* Start BS in Accounting Control

Graduate Certificate Accounting *

* Master of Science in Accounting

Keller Graduate School of Management

* MBA in Accounting

* Master of Accounting and Finance

*Graduate Certificate Accounting

*Graduate Certificate in Accounting and Finance

University of Phoenix

* Bachelor in Business - Accounting

* Graduate Certificate Accounting

* Master of Business Administration - Accounting

* Master of Accounting

Virginia College

* AS - Accounting Specialist

* BS - Accounting in the private sector

Grand Canyon University

* Bachelor of Accounting

* Master of Business Administration in Accounting

* Bachelor of Science in Accounting

Accredited Accounting Degree Online Colleges

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Grand Canyon University is a private Christian university, which emphasizes individual attention for students in traditional and online. GCU is accredited by the Higher Education Commission and a member of the North Central Association Commission on Accreditation and School Improvement (NCA CASI). With its Ken Blanchard College of Business, GCU is nationally approved by the Association of Collegiate Business Schools and Programs to offer the degree online accounting degrees and following business:

* BS Accounting

* Master of Business Administration in Accounting

* Master of Science in Accounting

* MBA - Finance

Request FREE info. from Grand Canyon University

Accredited Accounting Degree Online Colleges

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DeVry University offers several degree programs in Accounting through an online experience that is designed to fit your lifestyle. DeVry University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission (HLC) and is a member of the North Central Association Commission on Accreditation and School Improvement (NCA CASI). DeVry University offers programs in line with the accounting degree following:

* Associate - Accounting

* Bachelor of Business Administration - Accounting

* Bachelor of Business Administration - Finance

* Master's - Accounting and Financial

* Graduate Certificate - Accounting

Request FREE info. from DeVry University

Accounting Degree Online Programs

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An accredited degree programs online accounts are a good option for those who enjoy working with numbers, or want to start an exciting career in accounting, finance, or auditing.

If you plan to go to accounting, the following programs online accredited accounting degree.

You can also request information from each college or university to obtain a more detailed description of their programs and courses.

Specializations include management accounting, professional accounting and finance, among others. Associate accounting degree online, Masters in Accounting and a Ph.D. in accounting are also available at accredited distance learning.

COURSE DESCRIPTION:

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This competency-based course is designed to cover the principles and processes involved in double-entry accounting
systems. It deals with accounting cycles and specialized accounting functions. It includes the use of calculators and
micro-computers to process financial information and produce reports using appropriate software to develop electronic
spreadsheets. The competencies in this course are aligned with the California High School Academic Content Standards.
PREREQUISITES:
Enrollment requires successful completion of a current computer literacy and applications course.
PROGRAM CERTIFICATE STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
In order to receive a Certificate of Proficiency for the Computerized Accounting Program, the Office Assistant Program
courses and the job specifics courses must be completed satisfactorily.

Online Business Degree. Online Information Technology Degree.

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Confluence of business and technology is well established, but to integrate the two disciplines has never been more important. Our instructors combine real-world business and technology experience with a solid academic foundation in the basic principles that lead to business success. We also understand that our students have extensive experience and knowledge when serving their degrees online business and information technology degrees. That is why our programs are based on skills, so you can take practical solutions from the classroom to your workplace.

Leading companies choose Capella University to develop their employees. More than 120 companies including Johnson & Johnson and Farmers Insurance-have selected Capella University Institute training for their employees.

Introduction to Communication

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Why we study business communication?

You may say that communication is important and that you spend a lot of time doing it. But you’re pretty good at communicating. After all you talk to people, write notes, read books, get along with other people, and make myself understood already. Why should you study communication?”

The apparent simplicity of communication is deceptive. Just because we all communicate every day does not make us good communicators. Just because some aspects of effective communication are based on common sense does not mean common sense alone is enough. Skilled communicators draw on an extensive and complex body of knowledge, including semantics (the study of word choice), linguistics (the study of language), rhetoric (the study of writing and speaking effectively), psychology, sociology, graphic design, and even computer science. You will explore and apply the scholarship and research from all of these fields in your study of communication.

“Why then,” you may well ask finally, “study business communication specifically? Communication is communication: I’ve taken plenty of English courses and communicated in every one of my other courses.”

Good communication does, in fact, cross disciplines: correct grammar and audible speaking, for example, are as necessary in a geography class as they are in a business communication class. There are, however, at least five ways in which what you will learn in this class differs from what you have learned, or will learn, in your other classes. First, the subject matter is different: here you will get a chance to practice communicating with concepts and techniques from areas such as accounting, finance, and marketing. Secondly the forms are also different: you will, for example, practice writing memos, letters and business reports – not just term papers, exams and essays. Thirdly, in this class you will have a chance to practice your oral presentation skills, which – according to various studies – you will probably be using extensively in the business world. Fourthly, you may learn a slightly different style: in general, business communication is more objective, systematic, and concise than creative or personal communication. Finally, perhaps the most important difference is that, you will learn to persuade people to accomplish your desired results.

What is communication?

I have been discussing how important communication will be for your success in business. What you might ask, what the term communication mean? It is certainly hard to define because it has come to mean practically anything.

Definition of Communication

The word communication means the act or process of giving or exchanging of information, signals, or messages as by talk, gestures, or writing. Technically speaking, in the act of communication, we make opinions, feelings, information, etc known or understood by others through speech, writing or bodily movement.

Why do we communicate?

The purpose of any given communication may be:

a) to initiate some action;

b) to impart information, ideas, attitudes, beliefs or feelings; and /or

c) to establish, acknowledge or maintain links or relations with other people

Initiating Action

Initiating action may be achieved by two basic categories of communication.

Expressing needs and requirements.

This can range from a baby’s cry – or even the bleep of an alarm clock – to an adult’s more precious expression of needs and wants. In a business organization, it would include briefings, instructions and procedure manuals. This will only be effective where the other person is willing to satisfy the needs.

Persuading and motivating others

It means to carry out the desired course of action” in other words, giving them a reason (other than one’s own want or need) to perform that action. Persuasion of this kind is likely to be a major element in marketing and sales: a sales reply cannot simply ask a customer to buy the product because she, the sale rep, needs a success. She must show that there are benefits to the consumer, which will make the purchase worthwhile.

Imparting Information

Imparting information, ideas, attitudes, beliefs and feelings may have any number of specific purposes.

· Creating awareness

· Creating understanding

· Persuading others

· Influencing others

Information gathering is a constant activity of human beings. We receive a great deal of data and information in our daily lives, only some of which we seek or consciously absorb. Think about it: news bulletins, books, bank statements, business information, gossip, thing people tell you, things you ask them. This list is endless.

Remember that other people may be seeking information in the messages you ‘send’ (and in the tone of your voice and other indications of what is ‘between the lines’). This information may or may not be something you wish to communicate: you will need to be aware of it before your listener/reader is.

Establishing relations

Establishing, acknowledging and maintaining relations with other people is a vital function of communication.

Profit Oriented / Commercial Entities

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Profit oriented or commercial entities are those entities where the main aim of carrying out business is to earn profit for the owners of the business. Profit oriented entities are of following types:

Sole Proprietorship
Partnership
Companies

Sole Proprietorship
Is the type of business is owned by a single individual. There may a number of employees of the business but ownership and risks and returns rest with a single owner. All assets and liabilities of the business are the assets and liabilities of the owner.

Partnership
Is the type of business that is owned by more than one person. These persons form a “Partnership Firm” through an agreement called “Partnership Agreement”. Partnership firms and agreements are governed by the Partnership Act 1932.

Companies
are separate legal entities formed under the Companies Ordinance 1984. The main
difference between companies or limited companies as they are commonly called is that companies are separate legal entities and the liability of the owners is also limited whereas characteristics are not there in case of sole proprietorship and partnership.

CHARACTERISTICS

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Following are the essential characteristics of Structural Diagram
a good business:

Capital
Capital is the lifeblood of every
business. It is the most essential and
important element of business. In case of
deficiency, loans can be taken from various
financial institutions.

Creation of Utility
Utility is an economic term referring to that characteristic of a certain commodity, which
can satisfy any human need. Business creates utility, which gives benefit to the entire society
as well as the businessmen.

Dealing in Goods and Services
Every business deals with sale, purchase, production and exchange of goods and services for
some consideration.

Employment
Business is a good source of employment for its owners as well as for other people, for
example, employees, agents, transporters etc.

Islamic Process
Business is an Islamic way of earning living. Income from business is known as profit, which is Rizq-e-Halal. The Holy Prophet Muhammad himself did prosperous business.

Motive
The motive of business is to earn profit. Otherwise it will not be termed as business.

Organization
Every business needs an organization for its successful working. A proper organization is
helpful in the smooth running of business and achieving the objectives.

Productions or Purchase of Goods
A businessman deals in production or purchase of goods. These goods are supplied to the
people. So, it is necessary that more goods should be produced so that demand of people
may be fulfilled.

Regular Transaction
Business has a nature of regular dealings and series of transactions. So, in business, only
those transaction s included which have regularity and continuity.

Risks and Uncertainty
Business involves a large volume of risk and uncertainty. The risk element in business keeps
a person vigilant and he tries to ward off his risk by executing his policies properly.

Sale or Transfer for value
Another characteristic of business is the sale or transfer of goods for value.

Social Welfare
Business does not only satisfy the producer, but also the consumer when products are offered
for sale at low prices in markets.

CONCEPT OF BUSINESS

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CONCEPT OF BUSINESS
Literally, the word “business” means the state of being busy. Generally, the term business
includes all human activities concerned with earning money. In other words, business is an
activity in which various persons regularly produce or exchange goods and services for mutual
gain or profit. The goods and services produced or purchased for personal use are not
included in “business”.

DEFINITION

1.According to L. H. Haney

“Business may be defined as human activities directed toward providing or acquiring
wealth through buying and selling of goods.”

2.James Stephenson says that:

“Every human activity which is engaged in for the sake of earning profit may be called
business.”

3.In the words of B. W. Wheeler

“An institution organized and operated to provide goods and services to the society,
under the incentive of private gain” is business.

Purpose

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Purpose
As a student you communicate for educational purposes for example writing term papers or taking a written exam etc. In contrast as an employee you will communicate for instrumental purposes. Most of your communications will be designed to help your employer achieve
practical business objectives.

Example
At school, where your aim is to show how much you know, one of your major writing strategies
is to write as much as you can about your subject. At work, your communications should only
include the information your readers need. Extra information would only clog your readers’
path to what they need, resulting in

decreased efficiency
increased frustration

Audience:

At school your interaction is only one person, the instructor. In contrast at work, you will often create communications that will address a wide variety of people with different backgrounds. The audience might include who are different in familiarity with your subject.

The use they will make of your information
The kinds of professional and personal concerns they will bring to your presentation

Example
Consider the report in which Naila will present her recommendations for improving the hospital
kitchen. Her recommendations might be read by her supervisor Mr. Nadeem, who will want to know what measures he will have to take in order to follow her recommendations. The vice president of finance, Mr. Altaf, will want to verify the cost estimates that Nalia includes. The
director of purchasing, Mr. Chauhan, will need to know about the new equipment he will need
to order. The head of personnel, Miss Sara, will want to learn whether she needs to write any
new job descriptions. And lastly the kitchen staff to assure them that their new work assignment will treat them fairly. So, writing for such a large and diverse audience requires skills that are not needed when writing only to your instructor.

Modules

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You will need to identify your two roles at work. As a specialist you will need to generate ideas which will be potentially useful. You will need to share the results of your ideas with co-workers, customers etc as a communicator.
Example: Naila, a newly hired dietitian, must communicate to make the work valuable to her employer, at a large hospital. She has devised a way to reorganize the hospital kitchen that saves money etc. Her insights will benefit the hospital only if they are communicated to someone who has the power to implement them, such as the kitchen director. Writing will be critical to your success. As a college graduate you will need to spend an average of 20 percent of your time at work writing. That comes out to one out of every five-day work week.
A graph plotted for percentage of hours spent versus the number of people who responded for
the survey.
The study was conducted for a total number of 896 students in US Universities
Besides enabling to do your job, Writing can bring you many personal benefits as well
•Recognition in the form of praise • Raises • Promotions In many organizations the communication with the upper management is not feasible.
In such a company, your memos, reports, and other writing may be the only evidence
They have of your good work as either a specialist or a communicator.
Writing is an important responsibility of mangers who have to communicate a wide variety of messages to those above and below him.
Consequently employers look for writings when considering people for advancement.
In a study 94 percent of the graduates from seven departments that send students to
technical writing classes reported that the ability to "write well" is of "some" importance to them.
Furthermore 58 percent said that it is of great or critical importance to them.
In a survey of people listed in the "Engineers of distinction", 89 percent said that the
writing ability is considered when a person is considered for advancement.
Survey of people listed in the "Engineers of distinction", plotting the importance of writing skills
to people versus the number of people who responded. In addition to bringing you recognition,
writing well at work can bring you personal satisfaction. It will enable you to make an important impact. To succeed in any endeavors during your professional career, you will need to influence people's opinions, actions and decisions mostly through writing.

Writing at work differs from writing at school. To write successfully at work you will need to develop new writing skills and even new ways of thinking about writing. That’s because on-
the-job writing differs in some very fundamental ways from writing done at school.

Books & Materials

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The Mayfield Handbook for Technical Writing
http://web.mit.edu/odsue/wac_engineering/Mayfield/toc.htm
Module 1: Basics of Effective Technical and Business Communication
Module 2: Forms of Written Communication: Reports; proposals; letters; memos;
applications; resumes; Instructions,
Specification documents
Module 3: Research &Writing
Module 4: Oral Communication

Course Description

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The main objective of the course is to equip students with skills that will enable them to communicate clearly and concisely in diverse business situations. The students will learn the importance of planning and organizing effective written messages. The course will emphasize on determining objectives and on developing a logical argument before presenting the message in an appropriate format. The course is divided into two sections:
1. Written communication
2. Oral communication
Written communication will cover planning, structure, and stylistic issues specifically, students will learn to write memos and letters; proposals; short and long reports; and procedure and policy documents. Moreover, the students will learn to simplify complex information through editing and revising for enhancing their ability to create powerful documents to sell their ideas. The oral communication section will cover planning and execution of effective presentations; group behavior; and planning and conducting effective meetings.

The Balance Sheet

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• An accountant’s snapshot of the firm’s accounting value as of a particular date. • The Balance Sheet Identity is:
Assets ≡ Liabilities + Stockholder’s Equity
• When analyzing a balance sheet, the financial manager should be aware of three concerns:accounting liquidity, debt versus equity, and value versus cost.

The Balance-Sheet Model of the Firm16

Net Working Capital
Net Working Capital ≡ Current Assets – Current Liabilities
– NWC > 0 when Current Assets > Current Liabilities
– NWC < nwc =" 0" assets =" Current" style="font-weight: bold;">The Balance-Sheet Model of the Firm

The Net Working Capital Investment Decision

The Firm and the Financial Markets

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Financial Markets

• Primary Market
– When a corporation issues securities, cash flows from investors to the firm.
– Usually an underwriter is involved
• Secondary Markets
– Involve the sale of “used” securities from one investor to another.
– Securities may be exchange traded or trade over-the-counter in a dealer market.

Financial Markets

Dealer Vs. Auction Markets

• Auction markets are different from dealer markets in two ways:
– Trading in a given auction exchange takes place at a single site on the floor of the
exchange.
– Transaction prices of shares are communicated almost immediately to the public.
– Listing