Mech Engineering 360

Difference Petrol and Diesel Engine - Otto Engine - Gasoline Engine

2020-08-29T14:46:00.007+05:30

Basically there are two types of thermal engines which are Otto engines and diesel engine. Thermal engines are converting the internal energy of the fuel into mechanical energy to produce some work. So, these are two classifications of thermal engines. Both are different from each other.

Difference-petrol-diesel-engine

The major difference between them is found in its theoretical cycle which is important for study the working of these both engines. The working of Otto engine is based on the Otto cycle by spark ignition on the other hand the diesel engine is work according to the diesel cycle by compression ignition. Thus there are two types of ignition in the Otto engine spark ignition and in the diesel engine compression ignition.

Another difference is in the ignition of the fuel in both engines. In the Otto engine the ignition is made by spark plug, due to that it is also known as the spark ignition engine, while, in the diesel engine, the ignition is done by the compression of the fuel and air. Due to this reason, the diesel engine is also called a compression ignition engine.

There is no major difference between both different engines in terms of mechanical level. Although, we should remember that in the diesel engine the combustion of fuel is at very high pressure so diesel engines needs more strong structure.

The basic differences between the two types of engines derive from the differences in their theoretical cycles:

Difference In- Inlet of the Fuel

Fuel inlet or input into the diesel engines and the Otto engines is one of the most significant differences between both types of alternative thermal engines:

Fuel inlet into the Otto engine.

In most Otto engines (Otto cycle), air and fuel are entered into the combustion chamber in the form of a gas mixture (contains feel and air).the mixture of air and gasoline is carried out in the carburetor.

Now days, that type of mixture is produced electrically and its proportions is very dependent on different factors like the temperature of the fuel and engine.

Fuel inlet in diesel engine

In diesel engine the air is entered into the chamber of combustion that reaches to the suction valve. In this type of thermal engines the fuel (diesel) is come out with directly by means of an injector.

In this type of diesel engine it is important to remember that the pressure inside the cylinder is much higher than in the Otto engine. Functions of the injector are to produce enough pressure on the fuel so that it can enter and take combustion.

The mixture of fuel and air is committing in the combustion chamber. In the diesel engine there is no regulation of the supply amount of air, there is only a regulation of the amount of fuel to be supplied in.

Different in- the Ignition of the fuel

Once the fuel enters into the cylinder, the way that it ignites is different between both types of alternate engines. In the one case fuel ignited by supplying temperature and in the other engine the fuel ignition is carried out by increasing the pressure of inside the cylinder. As per the laws of thermodynamics and the law of gases, both state variables pressure and temperature are related to each other. If the volume is constant during process, increasing one variable is resulting into increases the other.

Ignition of fuel in the gasoline engine

In the internal combustion engines (i.c. Engines), the explosion cycle is caused by the heating of the mixture of the air and fuel placed in the cylinder.

In Otto engine, the fuel gets ignition by a spark. This type of spark ignition engines requires an ignition system to create a spark between the spark plug electrodes in the combustion chamber. This spark indicates an increase in the temperature or heat of the mixture (air + fuel). This temperature increase is enough to allow the starting of combustion.

Ignition of fuel in the diesel engine

In the diesel engine the fuel is ignited by compression. This type of compression ignited engines uses the high temperature and high pressure exist by compressing the air in the cylinder to start the combustion when the fuel is injected in combustion chamber.

In the diesel engine this high temperature is created by air compression. During the obtained enters cycle the air enters the explosion chamber that will be compressed in the next following cycle, that compression generates an addition in air temperature until the auto ignition temperature value is achieved.

It is at when the injectors put the fuel under high pressure, in a way for a better mixture with the air, and the combustion of the same takes place in combustion chamber.

Difference in compression ratio

The compression ratio (volume of the cylinder at the beginning of process divide by volume of cylinder at the end of the process) in an endothermic engine is the number that makes it possible to measure the proportion in which the mixture of air and fuel (in case of Otto engine) or air (in case of diesel engine) has been compressed in the combustion chamber of a cylinder.

The value of compression ratio in Otto engines(Otto cycle) varies from 6 to 10 in ideal condition, while in diesel engines or diesel cycle the compression ratio varies from 14 to 22.

Difference in weight of the Petrol engine and Diesel Engine

In this case, the ignition form of the fuel affects on the weight of the engine. In the diesel engine, the ignition of the fuel is done by compression. As we noted in the mechanical differences of the engine, this means that it must be made with a design that can withstand these high pressures and high temperature.

The diesel engine is generally heavy weighted than the Otto engine of equal movement. The weight of the engine will also have to be shifted, with moving of vehicle so the engine will requires more power to have equal performance.

Difference in the brake of the engine

Another difference between engines that does not affect performance, which is braking of the engine.

In the gasoline engines or Otto engines, the engine brake is created by the air intake mechanism or system. When we stop the accelerating the throttle in an atom mobile, the air flow closes, at that moment the air stops entering into the combustion chamber of engine and a vacuum is generated due to that. The energy that the piston in cylinder has to make to create that vacuum is the energy that is achieved by braking or braking force.

In the diesel vehicles, it is not possible to close the air flow to generate that vacuum. The natural process is as following: the valves opened and air enters in cylinder, the valves are closed and the air is compressed with pressure, when the piston reaches the top dead center (T.D.C.) in the cylinder it begins its enough helped by the pressure of the compressed air.

Conclusion:

We can conclude that diesel engine and petrol engine are different in various factors which are we discussed in this post which are difference by compression ratio, by weight, by ignition, by inlet of the fuel.

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!4 Basic Parts Of the Engine

Working of Four Stroke Engine

Types of Lines in Engineering Drawing - Technical Drawing Lines

2020-08-27T17:05:00.002+05:30

The procedure of making engineering drawing is often referred to as technical drawing or drafting. Drawings commonly contain multiple views of a component, like front view, side view, top view etc. Even if additional views may be added of details for further clarification. Only the specific information that is a requirement is typically indicated. Key informational dimensions is usually only specified in one place on a drawing, avoid possibility of inconsistency to make drawing perfect.

Types-line-engineering-drawing

Appropriate tolerances are provided for critical dimensions to allow the component or object to be manufactured and functional. More detailed assembility of drawings may be produced based on the significant information given in an engineering drawing. Drawings have an information box called title block containing name of person or organization who created or designed the drawing, who approved it, units of dimensions(i.e. all dimensions are in mm), meaning of views, the title name of the drawing and the drawing identity number.

Types of lines in engineering graphics and design :

Continuous thick line:

It is used as a boundary line or border line of the drawing sheet and title block lines at the right bottom of the drawing sheet. For showing the end of threaded part and visible out line border of the object, so that the form or shape of the object is at once clear. It is also known as object line.

Hidden Line:

This type of line is used where outline is not visible at viewing surface or side of view. This line is represented by thick short dashes evenly. This line is a broken line or dash line, composed of short strokes of equal lengths (ideally 2 to 3 mm) and spaced at equal measured distances (1 mm).

Centre/axis line:

This type of line is used to locate or indicate the center point or axis of circles, arcs and axis of cylindrical components. This line locates the axis of symmetry like cylindrical, spherical, conical, circles and arc. This type of line should be extended slightly beyond the views in which they are applied as centre or axis line. The centre line is thin and is represented by long and short dashes evenly spaced which is approximately 1 mm apart in a proportion from long dashes are about 3 to 5 times longer than the shorter dashes, which are taken about 2 mm long. For pitch circle lines also used this type of line.

Short break line :

This type of line is drawn thin with free hand for showing short breaks of line. Short brake line is thin curved line. These are used to show limits or end of partial or interrupted views and sectional views.

Long break line :

This type of line is drawn thin and straight with evenly spaced and free handed zigzag lines. These types of line are used for shortening of long parts, which are same throughout or for showing long breaks. This line is helpful for identify long lines easily.

Thin continuous line :

This type of line is used to show projection lines, extension lines dimension lines, etc. These are drawn continuous thin line.

Chain line :

That type of line is drawn with the thin long dashes and dots (also double dots) visible removed portions or parts of the objects and with thin long dashes and double dots in between to show the invisible removed portions or parts. These portions are basically removed by cutting plane, in front of the viewing direction or side of view.

Cutting plane line :

That type of lines is drawn thin and it is similar to axis line but thick at ends. This line locates plane of the sectional part and arrow locates the direction of viewing.

Given Line :

That type of line is drawn with medium thickness to show the given lines and angles. This line is helpful to indicate line or angle which are given.

(a) Construction lines : these types of lines are drawn for constructing drawings. These are continuous thin lines.

(b) Extension line : This type of lines is projected beyond the out lines at right angle to the boundary line or border of object dimension line to be dimensioned. These lines extended minimum at least 3 mm beyond the dimension line.

(c) Dimension line : This type of lines is drawn thin and at a distance of 6 to 8 mm away from the boundary and at parallel to boundary. This type of line is terminated by the arrows heads on both sides touching projection lines, extension lines or centre lines.

(d) Leader line : This type of line is an inclined line followed by a horizontal line. Notes or Numbers for dimensioning are written on the horizontal part of the leader line.

Hatching lines :

These types of lines are also called as section lines. These lines are continuous thin lines drawn at an angle of 45° to the main border outlines of the sectional portion. They are uniformly spaced and drawn 2 to 3 mm apart from each other.

types-line-engineering-drawing

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Ellipse by rhombus method

Drafting machine in engineering graphics and design

Magnetic Particle Testing - Advantages and Disadvantages

2020-08-22T14:57:00.004+05:30

What is Magnetic Particle Testing?

Magnetic particle testing is Used for detect Flaws or Discontinuous in any ferromagnetic material surfaces or nearby surfaces like iron, Nickel, Cobalt etc. Magnetic Particle testing is also known as Magnetic Testing or Magnetic Particle Inspection.

What-is-MPI

Basic Principle of Magnetic Particle Testing:

Basic Principle of Magnetic particle testing is the specimen or component is magnetized to produce magnetic lines of flux or force on surface of material.

In this page you will learn about magnetic particle testing and their advantages and disadvantages.

This method is used to detect surface and subsurface discontinuities in ferromagnetic substances. This is also used to test the well works the component which is to be tested is clean first. After cleaning the specimen can be magnetized either by direct magnetization or by indirect magnetization.

Direct Magnetization in Magnetic Particle Testing:

Direct magnetization occurs when electric current is passed directly through a specimen to produce a magnetic field.

Indirect Magnetization in Magnetic Particle Testing:

In indirect magnetization magnetic field is applied by using a strong external magnetic field without passing current through the specimen. Indirect magnetization can be done by using permanent magnets or electromagnets.

Since magnetic fields in permanent magnet cannot be varied electromagnets are preferred usually for testing electromagnet consists of coil of wires through which current is supplied to produce magnetic field. The amount of magnetic field produced depends on amount of current passed through the coil. Magnetic flux just created is used to detect the flaws in the specimen. This flux lines running along the surface will deviate from the path if it approaches a crack find magnetic particles are applied to the surface of specimen. For visible indication of cracks these fine magnetic particles are attracted to the area of flux deviation creating a visible indication of flaw.

Advantage of Magnetic Particle Testing:

Simplicity of operation is the main advantage of magnetic particle testing. It is quick and simple. Magnetic particle inspection is Uncomplicated then other methods of inspect specimen surfaces. The method is used in sites or workshops. It shows immediately defects of surfaces.

Disadvantages of Magnetic Particle Testing:

Major disadvantage of this method is that it is limited to ferromagnetic substance surface like iron, Nickel, Cobalt etc. On your surface flaws thus you have learned about magnetic particle testing and their advantages and disadvantages.

Magnetic particle testing is a simple process for two conditions:

Wet Magnetic Particle Testing (WMPT) and Dry Magnetic Particle Testing (DMPT).

In any one process, the process begins by a magnetic current through the specimen or component. Any cracks, flows or defects in the surface or nearby surface in specimen will interrupt the flow of current and will effect on magnetism to spread out from them. This will create a “flux leakage field” at the defect or flow.

The second step of process is spreading particles of metal over the component or specimen surface. If there is any crack or defects on or near the surface, the flux leakage field will draw the particles to the damage site on specimen. This helps to provide a visible indication of the approximate size and shape of the flaw or defect. In this process the material must be ferromagnetic material.

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Ellipse by Rhombus Method - How to Draw Ellipse Rhombus - Four center Rhombus Method for ellipse.

2020-07-27T21:38:00.004+05:30

Ellipse by Rhombus Method in just 6 steps

It is very easy to draw a Ellipse by Rhombus Method in just some steps

Drawing Ellipse by Isometric view is also used in isometric view of the circle.

See full video at bottom.

Step 1

Draw a XY line.

Then find mid point and from the mid point make a line at an angle of 30 degree with OY line.Which is OR line in the figure.

From the mid point make a line upper side of OX line at an angle of 30 degree.As shown in figure line OL.

Ellipse-Rhombus-Method-step-

Step 2

Draw a line LU and line RU respectively from the point L and R.

Angle ULO and Angle URO is 60 degree.

Ellipse-Rhombus-Method-step-
2

Step 3

In the figure you see that we make a rhombus which is LURO.

In rhombus opposite angles are equal.

From both large angle make two lines which intersects with both opposite lines at center.

As in the figure we make four lines U4, U3, O1, O2.

Ellipse-Rhombus-Method-step-

Step 4

Make a arc at 2 to 3 from the center q.

Similarly you can make a arc 4 to 1 from center p.

Ellipse-Rhombus-Method-step

-4

Step 5

Make a arc 3 to 4 from center U.

Similarly make a Second arc 1 to 2 from center O.

Ellipse-Rhombus-Method-step-5

Step 6

After making this four arc our Ellipse is ready by rhombus method.

Ellipse-Rhombus-Method-step

-6

Thank You.

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in this video see hoe to draw ellipse by four center method or rhombus method

Types of Thermodynamics system | Open Thermodynamics System | Close Thermodynamic Systems | Thermodynamic System Surrounding And Boundary

2020-07-09T13:26:00.012+05:30

Thermodynamic system Definition:

If a quantity of matter or region in space is taken under consideration for analysis then it is defined as thermodynamic system. Example of thermodynamic system is piston-cylinder assembly.

Thermodynamic system surroundings and boundary

Boundary:

Thermodynamic system is identified by a boundary around the system.

There are two types of boundary

Real boundary
Imaginary boundary

Surroundings:

Everything which is outside of the system boundary is called surroundings. Surroundings are outside of the system.

Universe:

Thermodynamic system surrounding and boundary together is called universe. Universe includes all parts of system and surroundings.

So,

Universe = Surroundings + Boundary

Thermodynamics-system-surroundings-boundary

Types of thermodynamic systems

There are three types of thermodynamic systems by transfers of mass and energy which is

Open system
Closed system
Isolated system

Open thermodynamic system:

The mass transfer and energy transfer takes place at the system boundary that type of system is called open thermodynamics system.

So, open thermodynamics system is allowing the transfer of mass and energy both.

Turbine and I.C. engines are open thermodynamic systems are examples of thermodynamics system.

Closed thermodynamics system:

Closed thermodynamic system in which only energy transfers at its boundary. Such kinds of systems have not any mass transfers.

So, closed thermodynamics system allows only the transfer of energy.

Best example of closed thermodynamic system is heated water in a closed pan because in that type of heated water energy (In form of heat) is coming from outside of the system. Another example of a closed thermodynamic system is pressure cooker.

Isolated thermodynamic system:

In isolated system neither mass nor energy transfer across system boundary.

For the example of isolated thermodynamic system we can take perfectly insulated thermos flask because thermos flask is not transfer the energy or mass in any way.

Isolated thermodynamic system transfers neither energy nor mass at its boundary. That type of system is fully isolated from Surroundings.

Laws of thermodynamics

The law of thermodynamics defines physical quantities of thermodynamic system. There are four laws of thermodynamics.

Zeroth law of Thermodynamics:

Zeroth law of thermodynamics states that if two bodies (A & B) are in thermal equilibrium with a third body (C) separately then the two bodies (A & B) shall also be in thermal equilibrium with each other.

Zeroth law of thermodynamics is principal of temperature measurement. For understanding see the diagram.

zeroth-law-of-thermodynamics

In the diagram body A and B is in thermal equilibrium with body C separately, by first law both body A and B are in thermal equilibrium state with each other.

First law of thermodynamics:

First law of thermodynamics provides relationship between the various forms of energy and energy interaction. The law states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, it can be only converted one form to another form.

First law is expressed as

Change in total energy (ΔE) = net energy transferred as heat and work (Q-W)

Change in total energy is ΔE, which is summation of various energies like kinetic energy, internal energy, potential energy etc.

In any closed system mass transfer is zero so potential energy and kinetic energy is zero. Hence there is only internal energy ΔU.

For closed thermodynamic system ΔU = Q – W.

For any type of cyclic process change in energy is always zero so, first law for cyclic process is Q-W=0.

Second law of thermodynamics:

Rudolph Julius Emmanuel Clausius presented first law of thermodynamics in 1850 which is termed as Clausius law for thermodynamics first law, Lord Kelvin and Max Plank also came up with thermodynamics second law which is termed as Kelvin-Plank statement for thermodynamics second law. Thus, there are two statements in thermodynamics first law.

Clausius Statement:

It is impossible to have a device that while operating in a cycle produces no effect other than transfer of heat from a body at lower temperature to a body at higher temperature.

Heat itself cannot floe from a low temperature body to a high temperature body.

Kelvin-Plank statement:

It is impossible for a device operating in a cycle to produce net work while exchanging heat with bodies at single fixed temperature.

Above both statements are for second law of thermodynamics.

Third law of thermodynamics:

The third law of thermodynamic is regarding the properties of closed thermodynamic system which is in thermal equilibrium state.

Third law of thermodynamics states that “The entropy of a system approaches a constant value as its temperature approaches to absolute zero.”

Difference between petrol and diesel engine in hindi | Petrol engine vs Diesel engine

2020-06-19T17:27:00.007+05:30

as our daily use of vehicles and machines we require many types of engine with variation in its use of fuel and also its working capacity you can know about various types of engines in below linked page

various types of engines and also classification of IC engine.

Difference between petrol and diesel engine

hare is major 14 points on difference between petrol engine and diesel engine.

Fuel supply:

In petrol engine, petrol and air mixed in carburetor and then enters in cylinder during suction stroke. While in diesel engine, diesel is compressed in fuel pump and then injected at the and of compression stroke by injector.

compression ratio:

Petrol engine has low compression ratio which is ranging from 6 to 10. While diesel engine has high compression ratio which is ranging from 14 to 20.

Fuel ignition:

The compressed air and petrol is ignited by spark plug. While in diesel engine due to higher compression ratio, temperature of air is very high then temperature of diesel at the end of compression stroke diesel fuel will ignite automatically when comes in contact with hot air.

Fuel used:

Patrol engine use patrol(Gasoline) as fuel While Diesel engine use Diesel as fuel for combustion and produce energy.

Thermodynamic cycle of operation:

Patrol engines works on Otto cycle which is also called constant volume cycle because. While diesel engine works on Diesel cycle also called constant pressure cycle.

Running cost:

Running cost of petrol engine is very high because higher cost of petrol. While running cost of diesel engine is high but less then petrol engine because diesel is less costlier then petrol.

Starting of engine:

Both engines are starts easily in normal weather. but in cold weather difficult to start Diesel engine. Petrol engine gets advantage on diesel engine because petrol engine starts easily also in cold weather.

Difference between petrol and diesel engine

Basic definition and units | formula | definition | unit | quantity

2020-05-29T13:48:00.004+05:30

Power

Definition of power

Power is workdone per unit time.

Unit of power

Unit of power is J/s(joule per second)

Which is also known as watt.

Power = work done

Time

Work

Defonition of work

Work is defined when a force moves through a distance .

So,

Work = Force × distance in direction of force

W=F•d

Unit of work

Unit of work is N•m(Newton into metre)

Which is also known as (j)Joule

Work is depend on distance so work is vector quantity

Pressure

Definition of pressure

Pressure is defined as force per unit area.

Pressure = Force
Area

P=F/A

Unit of pressure

Unit of pressure is N/m²(Newton per meter square) which is also known as pa(pascal).

1pa = 1N/m²

Pressure is scaler quantity .

Weight

Definition of weight

A force exerted by gravity is defined as weight

Weight = mass × gravitational force

W= m•g

Unit of weight

Unit of weight is kg•m/s²

Weight is dependent on gravity so weight is not constant and also gravity is vector quantity, weight is vector quantity

Force

Definition of force

The multiplication of acceleration and mass of object is defined as force as newton's second law.

Unit of force

Unit of force is N (Newton) which is equal to kg•m/s² (kilogram into metre per second square)

Force = mass × acceleration

F = ma

Hence acceleration is vector quantity Force is also vector quantity.

Acceleration

Definition of acceleration

Acceleration is defined as change of velocity per unit time

Unit of acceleration

Unit of acceleration is m/s²(meter per second square)

Acceleration = chenge in velocity
Time

Here acceleration is vector quantity

Because it depends on velocity which is also vector quantity

Velocity

Definition of velocity

Velocity is speed of moving object per unit time

Velocity = Distance

Time

Unit of velocity

Unit of velocity is m/s(meter per second)

Velocity is vector quantity

What is Clutch - Types of a Clutch - Jaw Type clutch - Disc clutch

2020-05-27T16:52:00.011+05:30

Types of a clutch in automobile :

What is clutch?

Clutch is one types of coupling, which is used for transmitting power one shaft to another shaft. Here the shaft which is input of power is known as driving shaft and shaft at output of power is known as driven shaft. clutch is used when engage and disengage constantly between driven and driving shafts

For example clutch is used in automobile vehicles for engage and disengage power transmissions which is produce from engine. Clutch is operated by manually or automatically by the action of some power driven devices.

Types of clutches:

1. Mechanical clutch

2. Hydraulic clutch

3. Electromagnetic clutch

4. Pneumatic clutch

Mechanical clutch is classified into two categories

Which are..

1. Positive content clutch

2. Friction clutch

Now we see some information about positive contact clutch and friction clutch:

Positive content clutch :

This type of clutch is not used where gradual engagement and disengagement are required without stopping running of driving shafts because this clutch is engage and disengage shafts without slipping.

There are two types of clutch in positive contact clutch which are as shown below

1. Jaw type clutch

Jaw clutch consists of a segmental projection or dots on one of the flange and corresponding recesses on the other flange on the driven shafts as shown in figure

Driving flange is rigidly keyed to driving shaft and driven flange is also connected to driven shaft by splines so that it can slide on that shaft. Sliding flange is moves with the fix shaft with the help of operating layer. The sliding flange is engaged with the fixed flange to transmit power to driven shaft to driving shaft.

This type of clutches are used in agricultural equipments for transmission of power like thresor, tractor etc.

2. Toothed clutch :

Toothed clutch is used for transmission of power and motion at high torque. Which is advantage of toothed clutch over other clutches so toothed clutch is batter to any other clutch for transmission of high torque.

Friction clutches

Friction clutch is mostly used in automobile vehicles.

This type of clutch is used between two machine shafts which are partially or fully output is required also require where shafts are stored and starts of rotating frequently. Friction clutch is used where engage and disengage be gradually without slipping.

The main advantage of friction clutch is to speed up and down gradually because of friction. So surfaces engage easily and brings the driven upto proper speed.

There are three types of clutches in friction clutch as shown below :
Disc clutch ( single plate clutch and multi plate clutch) :

This type of flange is consists of two flanges as shown in figure out of which on flange is connected rigidly to the driving shafts. And another flange is used fitted to the driven shaft by splines for sliding on the driven shaft. In the normal condition both shafts are engaged by the spring force. When power is not required the driven flange is disengage to the driving flange by the help of operating layer.

In this type of clutch the amount of torque transmission is depend on the axial pressure by the spring .

Single plate clutches are used in automobiles but when large torque transmissions is required the multi plate clutch is required. Multi plate clutch is consists of a multi disc and more contact surfaces between driving shaft and driven shaft.

Cone clutch :

The cone clutch consists of the cones as shown in figure out of which one internal cone is fixed on driving shaft, another cone is fitted on the driven shaft. Both are free to slide auxiliary.

Cone clutch is engaged by two conical surfaces bringing in surface. The torque is transmitted by friction between contact surfaces of the cones.

The operating layer is used for disengage of the clutch only. It requires less axial pressure to engage and disengage clutch compared to the other types of clutches.

Centrifugal clutch:

Centrifugal clutch consists of a number of shoes on the inside of a drum or rim of the pulley. The upper surface of the shoes are covered with a friction material in centrifugal clutch. Shoes of clutch can move radially in the guides. The shoes are held on slots of the spider by help of spring . The spider is fitted on the driving shaft .

The springs exert a radially inward force which is constant . Due to mass , when driving shaft revolving the mass of shoes causes a radially outward force ( centrifugal force ) . This outward force increases with speed of shoes revolving with driving shaft . When centrifugal force in equal to spring force ( at low speed ) , the shoe is first floating But when centrifugal force higher than the spring force ( at high speed ) , the shoes moves outward and comes into contact engage with the driven member and presses against it . The increase of speed causes the shoes to press harder and clutch transmit more power due to speed.

Here all types of clutches are explained if you have any fought let me know on
mechengineering360@gmail.com

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Four Stroke Cycle Engines - 4 stages of a 4 stroke engine

2020-05-25T20:18:00.002+05:30

Four stroke petrol engine is based on principle of theoretical otto cycle which is also known as constant volume cycle.Because during this process the volume is constant.

Nikolaus Augjust otto who build first petrol engine in 1876.

Basic construction of Four stroke petrol engine

The valve operating the inlet is called inlet valve and the valve operating exhaust is called as exhaust valve. The spark plug is fitted on the top of cylinder head which ignition mixture of air and petrol. Another parts of the engine are cylinder, valves(inlet and exhaust valves),crank,connecting rod, cranck shaft,Carburetor etc
For more information of engine parts check on this link Various Engine parts

The piston performs following four stroke to complete one running cycle.

Also shows below the basic figure and construction of four stroke petrol engine.

Four Strokes Of An Engine

Basically in the working of four stroke petrol engine four strokes are performed which is discussed but first we clear the terminology of some words which is related to I.C. engine

What is stroke ?

Stroke is defined as linear distance traveled by the piston when it moves from one end of the cylinder to the another end. Which is equal to twice the radius of crank which is convert linear motion of piston to rotational motion of the crankshaft.

T.D.C. (top dead center )

Top most position of the piston

B.D.C. (Bottom Dead center )

Bottom most position of the piston

Now we clear working of four strokes

Suction stroke:

Suction stroke in which the initial position of the piston is at Top dead center which moves and reaches to the Bottom dead center due to this movement the the volume in cylinder will be increased. Before this movement the pressure of Cylinder is at atmospheric pressure but after this movement the pressure is decreases and the pressure difference is developed between inside the cylinder and outside the cylinder.
Due to this mixture of air and fuel is intake from intake valve through carburetor. At the end of this process the crankshaft will rotate at the angle of 180° and the position of piston is at Bottom dead center also cylinder is fill of Petrol and air mixture then inlet valve closed

Compression stroke:

In this stroke both valves (inlet valve and exhaust valve) are closed and the initial condition of the piston is Bottom dead center which moves Bottom dead center to Top dead center and during this process pressure and temperature of the air and petrol mixture will be increased. Then at the end of stroke spark plug Ignited the mixture of air and petrol at the constant volume and hot gasses are produced.so the spark plug ignites the mixture of air and petrol in this stroke.

Power or expansion stroke:

During this stroke both inlet and exhaust valves are closed and initial position of the piston Is Top dead center which moves from Top dead center to Bottom dead center. Mixture of Hot gases and petrol are burnt and pressure will increased due to this combustion of air and petrol is force the piston to make this stroke.
Due to that this stroke is also known as working stroke or power stroke.
The mechanical energy is developed in this stroke for produce some work. Then due to combustion of hot gases piston moves towards the Bottom dead center and volume of cylinder will be increased and pressure will be decreased gradually. Near the end of this stroke exhaust valve will open and hot gases is release in atmosphere and then pressure of cylinder is equal to atmospheric pressure.

Exhaust stroke:

During this stroke inlet valve is closed and exhaust valve is open. Piston moves from Bottom dead center to Top dead center and piston pushes the exhaust gases fue to that combustion product (burnt mixture of air and petrol) is released in to atmosphere at atmospheric pressure exhaust stroke is fully work with atmospheric pressure.

After exhaust stroke again inlet valve opens and above described cycle proceed till engine stops working.
So as explained above engine performs four stroke continuity and produce power for done some work.engine is also one type of prime mover.As explained engine converts mechanical energy to chemical energy.

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Types of IC engines | twostroke and four stroke engine | ICengine

2020-05-24T18:55:00.001+05:30

Types of IC engine

Types of IC engines are defined as various factors as shown below.

1.Cylinder position
•Inline engines

• V-engines

•Radial engines

•Opposed piston engines

•Opposed cylinder engines

2.speeds of engines

•High speed engines

•Low speed engines

•Medium speed engines

Petrol engines are high speed but diesel engines are low speed and medium speed engines

3.Cooling method

•Air cooled engines

•Water cooled engines

4.Numbers of cylinder

•Single cylinder engines

•Multi cylinder engines

5.Method of ignition

•Spark ignition engines(SI engines)

Mixture of air and fuel is take for combustion

•Compression ignition engines(CI engines)

Fuel is come in contact with hot compressed air for combustion

6.Numbers of stroke (per cycle)

•Four stroke engines

•Two stroke engines

7.Nature of thermodynamics cycle

•Otto cycle engines

•Diesel cycle engines

•Duel or mixed cycle engines

8.Types of fuel used as

•Petrol engines

•Diesel engines

•Gas engines

•Bi-fuel engines

Types of engine

Types of engine | IC engine | EC engine | use of engine in details

2020-05-23T13:42:00.000+05:30

Types of engine

Engine is a machine which converts chemical energy into mechanical energy to produce some work.here chemical energy is converted by combustion of fuel.

There are two types of engine on basis of combustion of fuel

1. IC Engine

2. EC Engine

IC engine

Internal combustion engine

When combustion of fuel takes place inside the engine it is defined as internal combustion engine.

Ic engines are used in vehicles, boats, ships, airplanes, and trains.

Classification of ic engine

EC engine

External combustion engine

When combustion of fuel takes place outside of the engine it defined as external combustion engine.

Ec engines are used in powerplant. Ec engine is not more used in transportation.

How dieselengine works without sparkplug | sparkplug | dieselengine

2020-05-22T15:43:00.001+05:30

why diesel engine does not require spark plug

Diesel engine does not require spark plug because main purpose of sparkplug is to compression of air in fuel for combustion.
Now diesel is already have some amount of air present which is good enough for combustion with more pressure and temperature .so diesel engine gets injector on cylinderhead which is spray diesel in cylinder for burning and produce power through combustion of diesel

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स्पार्कप्लग के बिना कैसे काम करता है

डीजल इंजन को स्पार्क प्लग की आवश्यकता नहीं होती है क्योंकि स्पार्कप्लग का मुख्य उद्देश्य दहन के लिए ईंधन में हवा का संपीड़न है।
अब डीजल में पहले से ही कुछ मात्रा में हवा मौजूद है जो अधिक दबाव और तापमान के साथ दहन के लिए पर्याप्त है। डीजल इंजन को सिलेंडरहेड पर इंजेक्टर मिलता है जो जलने के लिए सिलेंडर में डीजल स्प्रे करता है और डीजल के दहन के माध्यम से बिजली पैदा करता है.

14 Parts Of The Engine - Parts of engine cars - Parts of Engine Block Motor Cycle - Diesel Petrol

2020-05-20T20:38:00.005+05:30

Engines

Engine is a machine which converts chemical energy into mechanical energy to done some work.

Here chemical energy means energy which is produced by combustion of fuel like gas, petrol, diesel or etc..

Two types of engines are:

I.C. Engines & E.C. Engines

Classification of engine

Now days engines are used in many vehicles which are suppose to petrol, diesel or etc

To carry out that type of usage there are wide range of engines due to its output capacity or power.

So, let us learn about engine

The main parts of the engine are shown as below.

1. Cylinder

Cylinder is the main part of the engine. Energy is produced inside the cylinder by combustion of fuel. The inside part of the engine is known as bore. During combustion of fuel there are high temperature and high pressure so this part of engine must be cool. So the power is developed in the cylinder. To prevent from the wear it gets tight sleeve inside the cylinder.

2. Cylinder head

As the name suggests cylinder head is the cover of the cylinder it provides space for Valve mechanism, injector and spark plug.

3. Spark plug

Spark plug is placed in the cylinder head. Which is used for spark air and fuel mixture with high intensity in petrol engines?

4. Fuel injector

Fuel injector is used to spray diesel under high pressure at the end of compression stroke. Fuel injector is only used in diesel engines.

5. Piston

The piston is cylindrical plunger reciprocating inside cylinder .piston plunge continues when engine is running by pressure of combustion fuel. Piston is connected to connecting road to the crank. Piston rings are provided on the piston.

6. Piston rings

Piston rings are provided on piston to gas tight joint between piston and cylinder. Piston rings are arranged for make engine more optimize

7. Connecting road

The main work of the connected road is to convert reciprocating motion of piston into rotational motion which is connection between piston and crank?

8. Crank

Crank is a mechanism which moves in rotational motion by connecting connected road and crank shaft.

9. Crank shaft

Crank shaft is rotating by pressure of combustion of fuel which is transmitted over connected road and then cranks which is directly connected to crank shaft. Crank is rotating about axis of the crank shaft.

10. Valves

Valves are the mechanism for control both intake and exhaust of the gases from the cylinder. Both valves are controlled by valve operating mechanisms.

11. Flywheel

It is mounted on the crank shaft of the engine. It optimizes cyclic variations.

12. Fuel pump

Which is directly connected to the injector for providing and controlling the quantity of diesel with more pressure to inject in cylinder? Which is used in only diesel engines?

13. Carburetor

Carburetor is used in petrol engines to making required mixture of petrol and air.

14. Crankcase

Crankcase is serving as enclosure of the crank shaft.

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Types Of Clutches

4 Strokes Of An Engine

Basic linear measurement unit and conversation

2020-05-18T21:27:00.003+05:30

Basic linear measurement unit and conversation as shown below

10 millimetre = 1 centimetre

10 centimetre = 1 decimetre

10 decimetre = 1 metre

10 metre = 1 decametre

10 decametre = 1 hectometre

10 hectometre = 1 kilometer

10 kilometer = 6.21 miles

1000 micrometre = 1 millimetre

Units of conversation is used for scale your data

Drafting machine in engineering graphics (EG) | How to use | drafter

2020-05-18T20:32:00.001+05:30

Introduction :

Drafting machine is used in engineering graphics or engineering design which is also known as "Drafter". It is helpfull instrument for designer to draft any design in

drawing Sheet.

Usage:

The drafting machine has all advantages and uses of T square,set square, scale.

First drafting machine is arranged at one corner of the drawing board and tight screw at that corner and then arrange the drawing paper .

After doing that fix the scale (both side of scale ) with angle as requirement and tight the screw of scale ,now angle of scale is fixed. Then all lines which are drawen by that scale of drafter are parallel and also in Required angle

You are noticed another scale with that scale at 90° is for draw perpendicular line at 90° with required angle

Advantages :

If we want to draw line at 30 degree ,60 degree or 90 degree (upper side) compered to required angle drawen by use of set square putting on main scale

Disadvantages:

It requires more practice for draw with perfection and for manage it