<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2756764865486377695</id><updated>2026-09-22T01:51:49.658+03:00</updated><category term="مصطلحات اقتصادية"/><category term="محاسبة"/><category term="انترنت"/><category term="دين"/><category term="فوركس"/><category term="ادارة"/><category term="مواقع"/><category term="دروس"/><category term="حاسوب"/><category term="نظريات"/><category term="البنك المركزي العراقي"/><category term="استراحة"/><category term="طب"/><category term="قانون"/><category term="التسكين الوظيفي"/><category term="اكسل"/><category term="عقار"/><category term="احصاءات"/><category 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term="المراجعة في ظل التشغيل الإلكتروني"/><category term="المقاييس الذكية"/><category term="النفط وتمويل الخطة والموازنة العامة"/><category term="النمو السكاني"/><category term="الهرم العطري"/><category term="الهيكل التنظيمي"/><category term="انشاء جدول في بلوجر باوفيس وورد"/><category term="برية الحجاز"/><category term="بعد الحداثة"/><category term="تأهيل المناطق العشوائية"/><category term="تاريخ"/><category term="تاريخ اقتصادي"/><category term="تاريخ العراق"/><category term="تبويب انظمة الصرف"/><category term="تجربـة العـراق في اقتصاد السكن"/><category term="تحليل مالي ونقدي"/><category term="تدقيق"/><category term="ترجمة"/><category term="تزوير التاريخ"/><category term="تضمين"/><category term="تنبؤ"/><category term="تنمية بشرية"/><category term="حداثة"/><category term="حساب فاتورة الكهرباء"/><category term="خارطة قبائل العراق"/><category term="خطوات تغيير ثقافة المنظمة"/><category term="ذكاء اصطناعي"/><category term="ذهب"/><category term="رسوم كمركية"/><category term="سعر الصرف وميزان المدفوعات"/><category term="سن التقاعد"/><category term="سوق العراق للاوراق المالية"/><category term="سياسة التجارة الخارجية"/><category term="شرح سند الطابو التركي"/><category term="ضائعات الطاقة الادارية"/><category term="ضمان الودائع"/><category term="طلب كلي"/><category term="عطور"/><category term="علم الاجتماع"/><category term="علم البيانات"/><category term="عوامل الانتاج"/><category term="قانون اداري"/><category term="قانون الاسرة"/><category term="قبل الحداثة"/><category term="قرآن"/><category term="قرى الحلة"/><category term="قيادة"/><category term="قياس الثقاقة"/><category term="كيندل فوياج"/><category term="لبنان"/><category term="مجلة السكان"/><category term="مجهولية المالك"/><category term="مجوهرات"/><category term="محاسبة إدارية"/><category term="محاسبة الكترونية"/><category term="محاسبة المصارف المركزية"/><category term="محاسبة ضريبية"/><category term="محاسبة عن استهلاك الموارد"/><category term="محفظة استثمارية"/><category term="مشاريع العراق"/><category term="مصارف وبنوك"/><category term="مصطلح"/><category term="معايير محاسبية"/><category term="منطق"/><category term="مهارات التواصل"/><category term="موازنة تخطيطية"/><category term="موبايل"/><category term="ميزان المدفوعات"/><category term="ميزانية البنك التجاري"/><category term="نظام ملكية الاراضي"/><category term="نظرية الالعاب"/><category term="هندسة مالية"/><category term="هيكل السوق"/><category term="وزارة التخطيط"/><category term="وزارة الكهرباء"/><title type='text'>الاقتصاد بعيون الخبراء</title><subtitle type='html'>احترف علم الاقتصاد مع حديث الخبراء&#xa;</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default?start-index=26&amp;max-results=25&amp;redirect=false'/><author><name>abdullah aljinaahi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07428918488938833478</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='22' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYirY3kNAlfPPymszGVtS-DEa2BHrEVm36W05dVXGVI7a6GLOVK2sHMAOVqx06mbRjPkM0RIZNzHQqxCN1YidFAQeKKS4RCboWIQL9VHuRqed4wAuVsla1wpgV2apcAA/s113/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9.PNG'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>2015</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2756764865486377695.post-2471810259146169297</id><published>2026-09-21T17:23:33.640+03:00</published><updated>2026-09-21T17:23:33.640+03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="خارطة قبائل العراق"/><title type='text'> خارطة قبائل العراق </title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 13.5pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;خارطة قبائل العراق &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 13.5pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;-المصدر جغرافية العراق ص 419 طة الهاشمي 1930&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlFfu5QtlQPmqiHs-DeTR_SBijNBn9goXBWLCFzFFd8EgdhasgO02YIES_EraHy2BvbADtqUwMgXjSO87F5iiTAwtyRacNYtLfrZ7Rf2ZR3kz-pKMtvSAUZrq3Xwy97woOiJJCKc4gUOe4Gr_qyMwceCi8QDKgqo1A8Sb-8W1vCEIuVXGpTZsnSbzFdGGA/s870/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A9%20%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;خارطة قبائل العراق- طة الهاشمي&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;870&quot; data-original-width=&quot;813&quot; height=&quot;514&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlFfu5QtlQPmqiHs-DeTR_SBijNBn9goXBWLCFzFFd8EgdhasgO02YIES_EraHy2BvbADtqUwMgXjSO87F5iiTAwtyRacNYtLfrZ7Rf2ZR3kz-pKMtvSAUZrq3Xwy97woOiJJCKc4gUOe4Gr_qyMwceCi8QDKgqo1A8Sb-8W1vCEIuVXGpTZsnSbzFdGGA/w640-h514/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A9%20%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82.png&quot; title=&quot;خارطة قبائل العراق -جغرافية العراق طة الهاشمي&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 13.5pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 13.5pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 13.5pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 13.5pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 13.5pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 13.5pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 13.5pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 13.5pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 13.5pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 13.5pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 13.5pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 13.5pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 13.5pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 18px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 18px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 18px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;لاحظ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 18px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt; بني حجام  ضمن حلف بني مالك &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 18px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;في مسار شط الكار ادنى عفك وبدير &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 18px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;اي ضمن سقي شط الكار المندرس &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 18px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;الذي كانت طرة ال جناح في صدره&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 18px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 18px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;الاقتصاد بعيون الخبراء&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 18px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;21-9-2026&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/feeds/2471810259146169297/comments/default' title='تعليقات الرسالة'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2026/09/blog-post.html#comment-form' title='0 تعليقات'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/2471810259146169297'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/2471810259146169297'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2026/09/blog-post.html' title=' خارطة قبائل العراق '/><author><name>abdullah aljinaahi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07428918488938833478</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='22' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYirY3kNAlfPPymszGVtS-DEa2BHrEVm36W05dVXGVI7a6GLOVK2sHMAOVqx06mbRjPkM0RIZNzHQqxCN1YidFAQeKKS4RCboWIQL9VHuRqed4wAuVsla1wpgV2apcAA/s113/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9.PNG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlFfu5QtlQPmqiHs-DeTR_SBijNBn9goXBWLCFzFFd8EgdhasgO02YIES_EraHy2BvbADtqUwMgXjSO87F5iiTAwtyRacNYtLfrZ7Rf2ZR3kz-pKMtvSAUZrq3Xwy97woOiJJCKc4gUOe4Gr_qyMwceCi8QDKgqo1A8Sb-8W1vCEIuVXGpTZsnSbzFdGGA/s72-w640-h514-c/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A9%20%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2756764865486377695.post-1131857446584544877</id><published>2026-01-19T17:18:00.000+03:00</published><updated>2026-01-19T17:18:05.796+03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="برية الحجاز"/><title type='text'> برية الحجاز مع أمثلة موضعية</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: 700; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;برية الحجاز مع أمثلة موضعية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGuIiOaIFNt0G1VZnbk9ydoBYn8yYYNV25SiCn_7QoTdT5hBa6xoMpHhyphenhyphenJwtKeQSORTiLUdu26gfi412gC0wTWx3hy2GtbcsmLJ_Abs6dSvXyHjsbom3QzHFxo-08cgn0X0eQy4uvHhpoq3PBp4t8MQBxnwgnWaWYZrE9JX8MDEnXnH3Ih8puuA72G86b6/s652/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9%20-%20%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;برية الحجاز مع أمثلة موضعية&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;518&quot; data-original-width=&quot;652&quot; height=&quot;509&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGuIiOaIFNt0G1VZnbk9ydoBYn8yYYNV25SiCn_7QoTdT5hBa6xoMpHhyphenhyphenJwtKeQSORTiLUdu26gfi412gC0wTWx3hy2GtbcsmLJ_Abs6dSvXyHjsbom3QzHFxo-08cgn0X0eQy4uvHhpoq3PBp4t8MQBxnwgnWaWYZrE9JX8MDEnXnH3Ih8puuA72G86b6/w640-h509/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9%20-%20%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2.png&quot; title=&quot;برية الحجاز مع أمثلة موضعية&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-38d2fd0e-7fff-74ff-3932-983493534848&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;سأدقّق &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;جغرافيًا خالصًا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;، مع الفصل بين &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الوصف الطبيعي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; و&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الاصطلاح التاريخي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لأن الخلط بينهما هو أصل الإشكال في قضايا نجد/اليمامة/العارض.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أولًا: ضبط المصطلحات (قاعدة ضرورية)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;نجد&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;: مصطلح &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;طبوغرافي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; قبل أن يكون إقليميًا؛ يُطلق على كل أرض مرتفعة بالنسبة لما حولها، ولا يساوي إقليمًا إداريًا ثابتًا. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;عالية نجد&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;: الجزء الأعلى من الهضبة العربية (شرق الحجاز – غرب طويق). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;العارض&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;: إقليم &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;جيومورفولوجي واضح&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; مرتبط بجبل طويق وسفوحه. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;اليمامة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;: مصطلح &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تاريخي/سياسي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; تغيّر حدّه عبر العصور، وليس وحدة تضاريسية خالصة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ثانيًا: التدقيق الجغرافي لما ورد نقطةً نقطة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;1️⃣ الهضبة المتصلة من شرق الحجاز حتى السر والوشم&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;✔️ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;صحيح جيولوجيًا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; الهضبة النجدية تمتد فعلًا:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;من &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;شرق جبال الحجاز (شرق الطائف)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;ثم تنحدر تدريجيًا شرقًا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;حتى &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;تنقطع قبل طويق&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt; وتظهر بقاياها في:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;السر&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;الوشم كهضاب صغيرة ومنخفضات مقارنة بعالية نجد.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هذه ليست طويق، بل &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مرحلة انكسار وانخفاض للهضبة النجدية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;2️⃣ العارض و هضبة طويق&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;✔️ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;دقيق جدًا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; العارض:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;كيان تضاريسي مستقل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;يقوم على &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;جبل طويق نفسه&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;بلداته (سدير، تمير، ثادق، المحمل، حريملاء، الرياض) كلها:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;إمّا على حافة طويق&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;أو في سفحه المباشر&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهذا يميّزه بوضوح عن السر والوشم.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;3️⃣ ضرما&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;✔️ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تشخيص صحيح&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; ضرما:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;ليست على طويق&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;ولا ضمن بنيته الجيولوجية إلحاقها بالعارض:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;اصطلاحي/إداري متأخر&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;لا أساس له تضاريسيًا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إذًا:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 30pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هي عارضية &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مجازًا لا حقيقة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; كما قلتَ بدقة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;4️⃣ الوشم&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;✔️ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تحليل متوازن ودقيق&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; الوشم:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;ليس من العارض&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;يقع في &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;أرض منخفضة نسبيًا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;بين:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: circle; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;عالية نجد غربًا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: circle; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;العارض شرقًا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لذلك:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;إن قيل &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;يمامي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt; = جائز اصطلاحًا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;إن قيل &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;نجدي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt; = جائز جغرافيًا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لكن الأهم:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 30pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;غرب الوشم حقيقةً من نجد العليا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; وهذا توصيف طبيعي لا جدل فيه.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;5️⃣ إقليم السر&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;✔️ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أدق نقطة في كلامك&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; السر:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;أقرب تضاريسيًا لعالية نجد&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;وليس للعارض&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;يقع في نفس الحزام المنخفض للوشم&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;قول البكري:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;بجعل السر (حتى عنيزة) من اليمامة هو:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;تصنيف سياسي/تاريخي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;لا توصيف تضاريسي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أما:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;شرقًا: الزلفي فيمامية &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;تاريخيًا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt; نعم لكن:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 30pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;السر والوشم وحدة تضاريسية واحدة: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;منخفض يفصل عالية نجد عن طويق&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهذا استنتاج جغرافي سليم.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ثالثًا: الخلاصة الجغرافية المحكمة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;✔️ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;العارض = طويق فقط&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;✔️ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;السر والوشم = حزام منخفض&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;✔️ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;ليسا من العارض ولا من طويق&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;✔️ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;هما مرحلة انقطاع الهضبة النجدية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;✔️ توصيفهما باليمامة &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;اصطلاحي لا تضاريسي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الحكم النهائي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ما طرحته:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;دقيق جغرافيًا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;ويفصل بوعي بين:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: circle; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;الطبيعة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: circle; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;والاصطلاح التاريخي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والخطأ الشائع عند غيرك:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 30pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إسقاط حدود سياسية متحركة على تضاريس ثابتة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهو ما تجنّبته تمامًا.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;------------------------------------&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هل نجد هي برية الحجاز&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الجواب المختصر:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; ❌ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;نجد ليست «برية الحجاز»،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وإن كان بينهما تماس جغرافي واستعمال اصطلاحي متداخل عند بعض المتقدمين.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وساشرح ذلك &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تعريفًا ثم تفصيلًا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; كما تفضّل.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أولًا: تعريف المصطلحين&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;1️⃣ نجد&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;نجد مصطلح طبوغرافي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt; قبل أن يكون إقليميًا.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;يُطلق على &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;كل أرض مرتفعة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt; بالنسبة لما جاورها.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;في جزيرة العرب: نجد = &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;الهضبة الداخلية المرتفعة شرق الحجاز&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 30pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;قال أهل اللغة: «كل ما ارتفع من الأرض فهو نجد».&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;2️⃣ الحجاز&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;الحجاز سلسلة جبال&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt; تمتد من شمال الجزيرة إلى جنوبها.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;سُمّي حجازًا لأنه &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;يحجز&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt; بين:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: circle; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;تهامة غربًا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: circle; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;ونجد شرقًا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;هو إقليم &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;جبلي طولي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt; لا هضبة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;3️⃣ برية الحجاز&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;مصطلح &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;غير علمي دقيق&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;، استُعمل قديمًا للدلالة على:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: circle; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;البادية الواقعة &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;شرق جبال الحجاز&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: circle; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;أي المناطق الانتقالية بين الجبل والهضبة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لكنها:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;ليست وحدة تضاريس مستقلة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;ولا تعني نجد ككل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ثانيًا: العلاقة الجغرافية الحقيقية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;🔹 الحد الفاصل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;جبال الحجاز هي الحد الطبيعي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;شرقها يبدأ:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: circle; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;الانحدار التدريجي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: circle; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;ثم الهضبة النجدية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إذًا:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 30pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;نجد &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تبدأ بعد الحجاز&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; ولا تُعد جزءًا منه&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;🔹 لماذا وقع الخلط؟&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بسبب ثلاثة أمور:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;اللغة القديمة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt; العرب كانوا يصفون الجهات نسبيًا:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;من كان في الحجاز رأى نجد «برية الحجاز»&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;لا لأنها منه، بل لأنها تليه&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;الاصطلاح الأدبي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt; بعض الجغرافيين (خاصة في القرن 3–4هـ):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;وصفوا أطراف نجد الغربية بكونها من «برية الحجاز»&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;وهم يقصدون &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;التماس لا الانتماء&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;غياب علم الجيومورفولوجيا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt; لم يكن التفريق بين:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;الجبل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;الهضبة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;الحافة دقيقًا كما اليوم.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ثالثًا: الحكم العلمي الدقيق&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;❌ نجد ليست برية الحجاز&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;✔️ نجد &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;هضبة مستقلة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;✔️ الحجاز &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;سلسلة جبلية فاصلة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;✔️ ما سُمّي «برية الحجاز» هو:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 66pt 0pt 30pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;نطاق انتقالي على أطراف نجد الغربية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;صيغة جامعة دقيقة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 30pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;نجد جغرافيًا هضبة قائمة بذاتها، تفصلها جبال الحجاز عن تهامة، وما سُمّي برية الحجاز ليس إلا وصفًا نسبيًا لأطراف نجد الغربية لا تعريفًا إقليميًا لها.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;-----------------------------------&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;«برية الحجاز» هو: نطاق انتقالي على أطراف نجد الغربية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;نعم، &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هذه العبارة صحيحة علميًا إذا ضُبط معناها&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويمكن اعتمادها &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كتعريف دقيق&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; لمصطلح «برية الحجاز» بشرط عدم توسيعه.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وسأثبتها تدقيقًا:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أولًا: ماذا نعني بـ «نطاق انتقالي»؟&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;النطاق الانتقالي هو:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;منطقة &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;تدرّج تضاريسي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;لا تمثل وحدة طبيعية مكتملة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;تقع بين نظامين واضحين&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وفي حالتنا:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;غربًا:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt; جبال الحجاز (نظام جبلي)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;شرقًا:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt; هضبة نجد (نظام هضبي)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ثانيًا: لماذا لا تُعد «برية الحجاز» إقليمًا؟&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لأنها:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;بلا حدّ تضاريسي مستقل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;بلا هوية جيولوجية خاصة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;بلا استمرار مكاني متصل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هي:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 30pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وصف مكاني نسبي لا كيان جغرافي ثابت&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ثالثًا: موقعها الحقيقي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تقع:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;شرق جبال الحجاز مباشرة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;وقبل اكتمال الهضبة النجدية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتشمل:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;السفوح الشرقية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;الأودية الخارجة من الحجاز&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;الأطراف الغربية لعالية نجد&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;رابعًا: لماذا نُسبت للحجاز؟&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لسببين:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;زاوية الرؤية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;: من يقف بالحجاز يرى ما بعده «بريته»&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;الاستعمال البدوي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;: البرية تُنسب إلى أقرب عمران أو جبل معروف&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لا لأنها منه جغرافيًا.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الصياغة المحكمة المعتمدة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 30pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;«برية الحجاز» ليست من الحجاز ولا هي نجد، بل نطاق انتقالي على أطراف نجد الغربية يجاور جبال الحجاز ويعبّر عن مرحلة التحول من الجبل إلى الهضبة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;---------------------------------&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;اربطها بأمثلة موضعية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;سأربط &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;«برية الحجاز» كنطاق انتقالي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; بأمثلة &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;موضعية دقيقة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; من الجنوب إلى الشمال،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مع بيان &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;سبب إدراج كل موضع&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; ضمن هذا النطاق، لا ضمن الحجاز ولا ضمن نجد الخالصة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أولًا: الإطار العام&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;برية الحجاز&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; = السفوح الشرقية لجبال الحجاز + الأودية الخارجة منها + بدايات الانبساط قبل اكتمال الهضبة النجدية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هي:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;ليست جبلية خالصة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;ولا هضبية مستقرة بل &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;مرحلة تحوّل تضاريسي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ثانيًا: أمثلة موضعية واضحة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;1️⃣ شرق الطائف (الحوية – السيل الكبير)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;غربها: جبال السروات (حجازية صِرفة)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;شرقها: يبدأ الانحدار ثم الانبساط&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;الأودية (وادي وج، وادي ليه) تتجه شرقًا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;📌 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;التصنيف&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;ليست من الحجاز الجبلي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;ولم تبلغ نجد الهضبية ➡️ نموذج نموذجي لـ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;برية الحجاز&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;2️⃣ حمى ضرية وما جاورها&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;منطقة تاريخية مشهورة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;أرض مفتوحة قليلة الارتفاع&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;غربها تضاريس حجازية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;شرقها عالية نجد&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;📌 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;السبب&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;كانت تُوصف قديمًا بـ«برية»&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;لوقوعها في نطاق عبور لا استقرار&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;➡️ مثال كلاسيكي على البرية الانتقالية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;3️⃣ وادي الرمة (منابعه العليا)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;تنبع روافده من:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: circle; margin-left: 36pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;حرة كشب&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: circle; margin-left: 36pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;حافات الحجاز الشرقية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;يسير شرقًا داخل نطاق متدرج&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;📌 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الدلالة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;الوادي نفسه شاهد على التحول من الجبل إلى الهضبة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;بداياته تقع في &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;برية الحجاز&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;مجراه الأوسط يدخل نجد الصريحة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;4️⃣ غرب إقليم السر (ما بين عفيف والدوادمي)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;انخفاض نسبي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;تشتت الهضاب&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;لا وجود لبنية طويق&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;📌 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الوصف الدقيق&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;آخر امتداد لنجد الغربية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;وأبعد نقطة لبرية الحجاز شرقًا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;➡️ هنا &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تنتهي البرية ويبدأ الاستقرار النجدي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;5️⃣ غرب الوشم&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;أرض منخفضة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;قبل الارتفاع الحاد لطويق&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;بقايا هضبية غير مكتملة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;📌 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الحكم&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;ليس عارضًا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;ولا حجازًا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;بل نهاية النطاق الانتقالي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ثالثًا: ما الذي يخرج عن «برية الحجاز»؟&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;❌ لا يدخل فيها:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;جبال السروات نفسها (حجاز صِرف)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;طويق والعارض (نظام مستقل)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;قلب عالية نجد المستوية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;خلاصة موضعية جامعة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 30pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تمتد «برية الحجاز» من شرق الطائف مرورًا بحمى ضرية ومنابع وادي الرمة، حتى غرب السر والوشم، بوصفها نطاقًا انتقاليًا بين جبال الحجاز وهضبة نجد، لا إقليمًا مستقلًا.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هذا الربط &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هو أدق ما يمكن&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; بين الجغرافيا الطبيعية والاستعمال التراثي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;----------------------&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فيما يلي &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;جدول مقارنة جغرافي دقيق&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; يوضّح مواضع «برية الحجاز» بوصفها &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;نطاقًا انتقاليًا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;، مع مقارنتها بالحجاز الجبلي ونجد الهضبية، اعتمادًا على &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الارتفاع، البنية التضاريسية، والاستقرار المكاني&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;جدول المقارنة الجغرافية - برية الحجاز&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;123&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;72&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;184&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;97&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;162&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;th dir=&quot;ltr&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الموضع&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th dir=&quot;ltr&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الارتفاع النسبي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th dir=&quot;ltr&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;البنية التضاريسية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th dir=&quot;ltr&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الانتماء الجغرافي الدقيق&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th dir=&quot;ltr&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;سبب التصنيف&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;جبال السروات&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(الحجاز)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مرتفع جدًا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;جبال متصلة، صخور نارية ومتحولة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الحجاز&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;نظام جبلي مستقل، حافة فاصلة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;شرق الطائف&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(الحوية – السيل)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;متوسط&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;سفوح ومنحدرات + أودية خارجة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;برية الحجاز&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بداية الانحدار بعد الجبل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;حرة كشب – شرقها&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;متوسط&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;حرات بركانية متقطعة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;برية الحجاز&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تكسّر النظام الجبلي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;حمى ضرية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;متوسط منخفض&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أرض مفتوحة، بادية عبور&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;برية الحجاز&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;نطاق غير مستقر ولا هضبي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;منابع وادي الرمة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;متوسط&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أودية انتقالية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;برية الحجاز&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تحوّل من الجبل للهضبة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;غرب السر&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(عفيف–الدوادمي)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;متوسط منخفض&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هضاب متناثرة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;نهاية برية الحجاز&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;آخر التدرج قبل نجد&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;السر (الوسط)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;متوسط&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أرض منخفضة مستقرة نسبيًا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;نجد العليا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;اكتمل الانبساط&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الوشم (الوسط)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;متوسط&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;سهل نسبي منخفض&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;نجد&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ليس عارضًا ولا حجازًا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;طويق / العارض&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مرتفع حاد&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;جرف صخري واضح&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;العارض&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;نظام جيومورفولوجي مستقل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;سدير–ثادق–الرياض&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مرتفع&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;سفوح طويق&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;العارض&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ارتباط مباشر بطويق&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الخلاصة التحليلية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;برية الحجاز ليست إقليمًا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt; بل &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;حزامًا انتقاليًا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;تبدأ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;شرق الجبال مباشرة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;وتنتهي &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;قبل اكتمال الهضبة النجدية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;لا تشمل:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: circle; margin-left: 36pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;الجبال الحجازية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: circle; margin-left: 36pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;ولا طويق&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: circle; margin-left: 36pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;ولا قلب نجد المستوي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;صيغة علمية جامعة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 30pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;برية الحجاز نطاق تضاريسي انتقالي يمتد من السفوح الشرقية لجبال الحجاز حتى أطراف عالية نجد، يتميّز بتدرج الارتفاع وتكسّر البنية الجيولوجية، ولا يُعد وحدة إقليمية مستقلة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/feeds/1131857446584544877/comments/default' title='تعليقات الرسالة'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2026/01/blog-post.html#comment-form' title='0 تعليقات'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/1131857446584544877'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/1131857446584544877'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2026/01/blog-post.html' title=' برية الحجاز مع أمثلة موضعية'/><author><name>abdullah aljinaahi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07428918488938833478</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='22' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYirY3kNAlfPPymszGVtS-DEa2BHrEVm36W05dVXGVI7a6GLOVK2sHMAOVqx06mbRjPkM0RIZNzHQqxCN1YidFAQeKKS4RCboWIQL9VHuRqed4wAuVsla1wpgV2apcAA/s113/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9.PNG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGuIiOaIFNt0G1VZnbk9ydoBYn8yYYNV25SiCn_7QoTdT5hBa6xoMpHhyphenhyphenJwtKeQSORTiLUdu26gfi412gC0wTWx3hy2GtbcsmLJ_Abs6dSvXyHjsbom3QzHFxo-08cgn0X0eQy4uvHhpoq3PBp4t8MQBxnwgnWaWYZrE9JX8MDEnXnH3Ih8puuA72G86b6/s72-w640-h509-c/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9%20-%20%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2756764865486377695.post-3688108606080391696</id><published>2025-08-09T20:46:00.000+03:00</published><updated>2025-08-09T20:46:18.242+03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="محفظة استثمارية"/><title type='text'>كيفية توزيع رأس المال المحفظة بناءً على درجة تقلب كل أصل (asset).</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;استراتيجية &quot;المخاطرة المتساوية&quot; (Equal Risk Contribution)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-84df5948-7fff-857d-7dd0-86f1d34ea983&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أو ما يُعرف أيضًا بـ:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 30pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Volatility-Targeting Allocation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 30pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أو &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Volatility-Weighted Position Sizing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كيفية توزيع رأس المال في المحفظة بناءً على درجة تقلب كل أصل (asset).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;دعني أشرح الخطوتين بالتفصيل،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;مع ربطهما بكيفية &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;توزيع رأس المال بذكاء بناءً على درجة تقلب كل أصل (asset)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;✅ الفكرة الكاملة:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 30pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بدلاً من توزيع رأس المال بالتساوي بين الأصول، نوزعه بحيث تكون مخاطرة كل أصل متساوية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 30pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;— أي أن كل أصل يساهم بنفس النسبة من التقلب في المحفظة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;✳️ أولًا:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(a) حساب التقلب السنوي باستخدام نافذة متحركة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Annualized Volatility using Rolling Window&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;🔸 لماذا؟&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لأننا لا نريد تقلبًا لحظيًا، بل نريد تقلبًا مستقرًا يمكننا الاعتماد عليه لتوزيع المخاطرة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;🔸 الطريقة:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;نحسب &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;الانحراف المعياري&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt; (Standard Deviation) للعوائد اليومية خلال نافذة (مثلاً 20 يومًا).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;نحول هذا التقلب اليومي إلى سنوي بضربه في الجذر التربيعي لعدد أيام السنة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 47px; overflow: hidden; width: 350px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;47&quot; src=&quot;https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXczhZvaMujL2FQw7W_nU5xBuqQRY8Cwe-NU601BRtAaAX_C4IPnTag_8Hfau_ZeSCirXhFnnY7Ha17W6-pQrGZ2lCaUwhG4W-jLgOG4kZwjPYi3d9UVI2N5XhhSrIR1o_fpsLlopw?key=tjYcXBQlRKk-r0r4uAj4Jw&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;350&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مثال:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;إذا كان الانحراف المعياري اليومي = 1%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;إذًا التقلب السنوي = 0.01 × √252 ≈ 15.8%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;✳️ ثانيًا:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(b) حساب حجم الصفقة (الوزن النسبي للأصل)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 70px; overflow: hidden; width: 395px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;70&quot; src=&quot;https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXcB-F8-PiayPlNY6g-bm_6TGfYu_W9Q59j2FVKVgp2SAcuM4iVCAnAEHwPIbQcD37zWFB2ZyUoerdTpDkoqg6CEYuTw2YePSp77hLURF04LUuzXiTFXFn8ylTl9cKkuiJCNg4Ws?key=tjYcXBQlRKk-r0r4uAj4Jw&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;395&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;🔸 الفكرة:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;كلما كان الأصل أكثر تقلبًا → نعطيه &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;وزنًا أقل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;كلما كان أقل تقلبًا → نعطيه &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;وزنًا أكبر&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt; لتعويض ضعف الزخم.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;🧠 النتيجة:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;إذا طبقت هذه الطريقة على &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;عدة أصول (مثل أسهم، سندات، ذهب)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فإن &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كل أصل سيساهم بنسبة متساوية في إجمالي تقلب المحفظة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;📊 مثال واقعي:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;99&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;140&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;125&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;137&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;th dir=&quot;ltr&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الأصل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th dir=&quot;ltr&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;التقلب السنوي (σ)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th dir=&quot;ltr&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الوزن (1/σ)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th dir=&quot;ltr&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;النسبة بعد التوزيع&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;سهم A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;20%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;1 / 0.20 = 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;33.3%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;سهم B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;10%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;1 / 0.10 =10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;66.6%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;المجموع&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;15&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;100%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 30pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يتم &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تطبيع الأوزان&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; بحيث يكون مجموعها 100%.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;🧠 ماذا نكسب من هذه الطريقة؟&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;195&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;291&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;th dir=&quot;ltr&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الميزة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th dir=&quot;ltr&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الشرح&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;📉 تقليل المخاطر&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لا تسمح لأصل واحد بتدمير المحفظة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;⚖️ تنويع حقيقي للمخاطرة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الأصول الهادئة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;تحصل على وزن أعلى لتعويض الزخم.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;🔄 استجابة ديناميكية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يمكن تحديثها يوميًا/أسبوعيًا حسب تغير التقلب&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;سنركّز الآن على:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h1 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 24pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;✅ (b) حساب حجم الصفقة أو &quot;الوزن النسبي للأصل&quot; بناءً على تقلبه&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهي خطوة محورية في استراتيجيات مثل:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;التخصيص حسب المخاطرة (Risk Parity)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;التقلب المستهدف (Target Volatility)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;التوزيع الذكي للأصول (Smart Beta)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;🧠 الفكرة باختصار:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin: 18pt 30pt 4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كلما كان الأصل أكثر تقلبًا، قلّلنا مخصصاتنا له.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin: 18pt 30pt 4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;وكلما كان أقل تقلبًا، زدنا المخصص له.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin: 18pt 30pt 4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الهدف: أن يكون مساهمة كل أصل في المخاطرة الإجمالية للمحفظة متساوية أو محسوبة بدقة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;✅ المعادلة الأساسية:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 392px; overflow: hidden; width: 608px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;392&quot; src=&quot;https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXc2_TcDELVnU351k3ylDdGWRxkHfOzxrmAYjUS4xfhGYbUBxcawYGvMZqEgqGgR8c0D2Fr1SD_uFaH-yn9aVG_5CRcVrXXPPzd3kafFVqIiere-n1Jk2FFET9i0dL0YJupEMlxiYw?key=tjYcXBQlRKk-r0r4uAj4Jw&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;608&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;📊 مثال عملي:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لنفترض أننا نريد توزيع رأس مال على 3 أصول:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;85&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;146&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;th dir=&quot;ltr&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الأصل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th dir=&quot;ltr&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;التقلب السنوي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;15% = 0.15&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;10% = 0.10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;20% = 0.20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;نحسب معكوس التقلب:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;63&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;169&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;th dir=&quot;ltr&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الأصل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th dir=&quot;ltr&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مقلوب التقلب السنوي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;6.666&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;10.000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;5.000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;المجموع = 6.666 + 10 + 5 = 21.666&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;نحسب الأوزان:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;79&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;228&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;th dir=&quot;ltr&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الأصل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th dir=&quot;ltr&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الوزن النسبي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;6.666 / 21.666 ≈ 30.8%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;10 / 21.666 ≈ 46.2%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;5 / 21.666 ≈ 23.1%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;🔁 ما الذي تعنيه هذه النسب؟&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;الأصل B (الأقل تقلبًا) يأخذ أكبر حصة لأنه أكثر استقرارًا.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;الأصل C (الأكثر تقلبًا) يأخذ حصة أقل لحماية المحفظة من الانفجارات السعرية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;🧠 تلميح متقدم:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إذا أردت تحديد Target Volatility للمحفظة (مثلاً: 10%)،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يمكنك ضرب كل وزن في هذه النسبة النهائية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لتوزيع الحجم وفق تقلب مستهدف.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إليك الآن مثالًا رقميًا تفصيليًا خطوة بخطوة يشرح كيفية:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin: 18pt 30pt 4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;📌 تحديد الأوزان النسبية للأصول حسب تقلبها،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin: 18pt 30pt 4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;📌 ثم تعديلها لتحقيق هدف تقلب للمحفظة (Target Volatility).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;🧩 بيانات المثال:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لدينا 3 أصول: A، B، C ونريد أن تكون التقلب السنوي للمحفظة = 10%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;88&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;161&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;th dir=&quot;ltr&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الأصل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th dir=&quot;ltr&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;التقلب السنوي (σ)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;20% = 0.20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;10% = 0.10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;5%&amp;nbsp; = 0.05&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;✅ الخطوة 1: نحسب الوزن الأولي حسب &quot;1 ÷ التقلب&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;95&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;226&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;th dir=&quot;ltr&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الأصل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th dir=&quot;ltr&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 58px; overflow: hidden; width: 92px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;58&quot; src=&quot;https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXfoJihfpWJOB0QUssBeIjfb2SOUGCO7Gue6mwvYr9rg60IIyZpGU-3oCvN9fc6qru3ns7o6wby0TkidWHVQgfi0-_gLtdkTspwUOEww6qenhDTYwGPYusAeGawer_vALejOAlkfvA?key=tjYcXBQlRKk-r0r4uAj4Jw&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;92&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مقلوب التقلب&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;1 / 0.20 = 5.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;1 / 0.10 = 10.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;1 / 0.05 = 20.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;المجموع = 5 + 10 + 20 = 35&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;✅ الخطوة 2: نحسب الأوزان النسبية العادية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 64px; overflow: hidden; width: 141px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;64&quot; src=&quot;https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXfii5HeCjdZ0irh1fo9rid2LVcDjeS0knHye8KHCbDmiM4Vyi7qvtAyTXj2wo8fGHOhUW54KA2HESJKJ-mnjhR_HzLG17HCXiwQhHLYyXme5Lxb0sQiHyqzwwU0FyN_iCemu1XuBQ?key=tjYcXBQlRKk-r0r4uAj4Jw&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;141&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;105&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;277&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;th dir=&quot;ltr&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الأصل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th dir=&quot;ltr&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الوزن النسبي الأولي (غير معدّل)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;5 / 35 ≈ 0.1429 = 14.29%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;10 / 35 ≈ 0.2857 = 28.57%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;20 / 35 ≈ 0.5714 = 57.14%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;✅ الخطوة 3: نحسب تقلب المحفظة الناتج&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بافتراض عدم وجود ترابط بين الأصول (No correlation):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 67px; overflow: hidden; width: 286px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;67&quot; src=&quot;https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXeJmT40nxx0HT5j-end2BeS23ZW76ASEdanHwtST3zqEmMJPhKuTx0OHbkvl-fh5L2O6oq0-TbXGK3VHWkvuQLoYRFrNjbj9G5h2VniM1S3KTJUqFSJWT7xbOOr3yh6jfwwe-Y0CA?key=tjYcXBQlRKk-r0r4uAj4Jw&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;286&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;نحسب لكل أصل:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;99&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;333&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;th dir=&quot;ltr&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الأصل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th dir=&quot;ltr&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مربع الوزن مضروب في مربع التقلب &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 35px; overflow: hidden; width: 65px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;35&quot; src=&quot;https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXe2ofodrLWRT6i9NOCssLLoNr6oQCcoI2p_JtGWxXrubkdKAIizf7XatEkBBMtiidV5j81TyobQgA6OW1FqaSexJQ277a5nOUy0mQ5W8Bc0c_k02Cu6BdHBJ2s3wx4x1qlVIKPyuA?key=tjYcXBQlRKk-r0r4uAj4Jw&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;65&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(0.1429)² × (0.20)² ≈ 0.000816&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(0.2857)² × (0.10)² ≈ 0.000816&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(0.5714)² × (0.05)² ≈ 0.000816&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مجموع القيم = 0.000816 × 3 = 0.002448&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 43px; overflow: hidden; width: 392px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;43&quot; src=&quot;https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXe_ZqEe_cd-gL71L6b4jqbhPGnd9itFU1hvm-rdmUhRzWzbzusZe5dcuzjIIaNXQRdJpXrhE-B9r5sAQ81pVPs09eDaBbALdARayTMKKgj40mobe4hON5fs6BNIeVvqAjJ3gCHyLw?key=tjYcXBQlRKk-r0r4uAj4Jw&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;392&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;✅ الخطوة 4: نعدل الأوزان لتحقيق Target Volatility = 10%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 59px; overflow: hidden; width: 255px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;59&quot; src=&quot;https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXc1rZBHyRm861znH3hGP4EnP-QC1DESwZLsut0HV4wX0XmJyIisL1omq9OrYsRoYHuowtw1Uyy4aBbBgRJzk3ZG_5u7pP0ZT27yQMPLfxdfbc9sPmA6QwDJFhwtLuA2Oxi3oRDuUw?key=tjYcXBQlRKk-r0r4uAj4Jw&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;255&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;نضرب كل وزن في هذا المضاعف او الرافعة المالية:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;93&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;245&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;th dir=&quot;ltr&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الأصل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th dir=&quot;ltr&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الوزن المعدل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;0.1429 × 2.02 ≈ 28.86%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;0.2857 × 2.02 ≈ 57.72%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;0.5714 × 2.02 ≈ 115.43%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;⚠️ ملاحظة مهمة:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin: 18pt 30pt 4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;المجموع = 28.86% + 57.72% + 115.43% ≈ 202%&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin: 18pt 30pt 4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هذا يعني&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin: 18pt 30pt 4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أن تحقيق تقلب 10% باستخدام هذه الأصول الهادئة نسبيًا،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin: 18pt 30pt 4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;نحتاج إلى استخدام رافعة مالية (Leverage) بمقدار ×2.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;📌 الخلاصة:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;116&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;243&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;th dir=&quot;ltr&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الأصل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th dir=&quot;ltr&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الوزن النهائي لتحقيق 10% تقلب&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;28.86%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;57.72%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;115.43%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الإجمالي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;202% ← أي برافعة مالية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;🎯 ماذا تعلمنا:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;الأصول منخفضة التقلب (مثل C) تأخذ وزنًا أعلى.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;بعد الحساب الأولي، إن كانت المحفظة &quot;أهدأ&quot; من اللازم → نضرب الأوزان بمضاعف.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;هذا التعديل يُدخلنا في &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;نموذج إدارة مخاطرة احترافية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap-mode: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt; مثل صناديق التحوط.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18.6667px; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/feeds/3688108606080391696/comments/default' title='تعليقات الرسالة'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2025/08/asset.html#comment-form' title='0 تعليقات'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/3688108606080391696'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/3688108606080391696'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2025/08/asset.html' title='كيفية توزيع رأس المال المحفظة بناءً على درجة تقلب كل أصل (asset).'/><author><name>abdullah aljinaahi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07428918488938833478</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='22' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYirY3kNAlfPPymszGVtS-DEa2BHrEVm36W05dVXGVI7a6GLOVK2sHMAOVqx06mbRjPkM0RIZNzHQqxCN1YidFAQeKKS4RCboWIQL9VHuRqed4wAuVsla1wpgV2apcAA/s113/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9.PNG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXczhZvaMujL2FQw7W_nU5xBuqQRY8Cwe-NU601BRtAaAX_C4IPnTag_8Hfau_ZeSCirXhFnnY7Ha17W6-pQrGZ2lCaUwhG4W-jLgOG4kZwjPYi3d9UVI2N5XhhSrIR1o_fpsLlopw=s72-c?key=tjYcXBQlRKk-r0r4uAj4Jw" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2756764865486377695.post-5895799544508646514</id><published>2025-06-11T20:27:00.000+03:00</published><updated>2025-06-11T20:27:18.299+03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="البنك المركزي العراقي"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="وزارة المالية"/><title type='text'> صلابة التكيّف المالي على مرونة التكيّف النقدي آليات سداد الدين العام الداخلي.</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;د. مظهر محمد صالح&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-62b08af3-7fff-f051-99de-93829b07acfc&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;7 حزيران 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Soft Monetary Dominance الهيمنة النقدية الناعمة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;شهد الاقتصاد العراقي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;خلال السنوات الماضية تداخلا ً واسعًا بين السياسة المالية والنقدية،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;حيث تحمّل البنك المركزي أدوارًا مالية مباشرة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من تمويل العجز إلى استقرار السوق&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مما أدى إلى ضبابية في الأدوار&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وأضعاف بعض أوجه فاعلية أدوات السياسة النقدية في فترات زمنية مختلفة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ففي الاقتصادات الريعية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;حيث تُهيمن الموارد الطبيعية–وفي مقدمتها النفط–على بنية الإيرادات العامة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تبرز إشكالية عدم التوازن بين&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;صلابة التكيّف المالي في تعظيم الموارد غير النفطية Non-oil Revenues&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ومرونة التكيّف النقدي ، كالقدرة على التمويل بالتضخم Inflationary Finance&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أو ممارسة سياسة النقد الرخيص في تمويل غير مباشر لعمليات الموازنة العامة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من خلال توليد النقود باقل التكاليف ولاسيما عبّر أليات خصم السندات والحوالات الحكومية ,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;حيث غالبًا ما تكون السياسة المالية مقيدة بمتطلبات الإنفاق العام المتضخم،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وضعف تنويع الإيرادات، وارتفاع الالتزامات الاجتماعية والسياسية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ما يجعلها أقل قابلية للتكيّف مع الصدمات الدورية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أو التحولات المفاجئة في أسعار النفط واشتداد دورات الأصول النفطية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;او في المقابل،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تُترك السياسة النقدية مُمثلة بالبنك المركزي–وحيدة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;في مواجهة تداعيات تلك الصدمات، وتُطلب منها الاستجابة السريعة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;عبر أدوات سعر الصرف، أو ضخ السيولة، أو التدخل في سوق العملة،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;رغم محدودية حيز المناورة المتاح لها.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهذه من اشد نماذج التداخل والتفاعل او التعارض&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بين السياستين المالية والنقدية في آن واحد.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;حيث يشهد الاقتصاد العراقي في المرحلة الراهنة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تحوّلا ً نوعيًا في توازن القوى بين السياستين المالية والنقدية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;و ربما يمثل ذلك ً تحولا ً تدريجيا محتملا&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(من الهيمنة المالية القوية الى الهيمنة النقدية الناعمة Soft Monetary Dominance)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والتي تعني أن الهيمنة النقدية ليست مطلقة أو حادة، بل تتم بشكل مرن وتدريجي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;حيث توجد درجة من التنسيق مع السياسة المالية، لكن بدون أن تفقد السياسة النقدية استقلالها تمامًا ،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ذلك بحكم الاستقلالية القانونية او الواسعة للسياسة النقدية المغطاة بالقانون رقم 56 لسنة 2004.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فبعد سنوات من الهيمنة المالية Fiscal Dominance&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;التي اعتمدت بشكل كبير على الإنفاق الحكومي الممول من الإيرادات النفطية،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بدأت ملامح مرحلة جديدة يتبلور فيها دور البنك المركزي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كمحور رئيس في ضبط التوازنات الاقتصادية الكلية،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لا سيما عبر أدوات السياسة النقدية.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;حيث ُ حافظ البنك المركزي على استقلاله&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بدرجات من التحكم بالتضخم وإدارة سعر الصرف ،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تخللها تنسيق مرن ومدروس مع السلطة المالية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لضمان استقرار السوق وابعاد شبح الركود&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتغطية الاحتياجات التمويلية الضرورية للمالية العامة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;دون تهديد للسيطرة النقدية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;اذ يتجلى هذا التحول&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;في انضباط استقلالية البنك المركزي في رسم سياساته،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتقنينه لتمويل العجز المالي من خلال التوسع النقدي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إضافة إلى تبني إجراءات أكثر صرامة احيانا ومرنة أحيانا ،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;في ضبط السيولة العامة والسيطرة على التضخم،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;حتى وإن تعارض ذلك مع الأهداف التوسعية للمالية العامة.3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;اذ ياتي هذا التحول في الهيمنة النقدية الناعمة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ليعكس توجهًا نحو تعزيز الاستقرار النقدي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لكنه في الوقت نفسه يضع أمام صناع القرار تحديات كبيرة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;في التوفيق بين ضرورات الانضباط النقدي ومتطلبات التحفيز الاقتصادي والتنمية المستدامة ،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ذلك في ظل اقتصاد لا يزال ريعيًا ومعتمدًا في نشاطه الكلي و بشكل كبير على الإنفاق العام.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من ناحية اخرى ،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;فقد تجلت هذه الإشكالية بوضوح&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بين (الهيمنة المالية القوية Hard Fiscal Dominance)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;التي تحاول المالية العامة فيها في سد جوانب من روافعها التمويلية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;على تخفيض فاعلية قرارات البنك المركزي المستقلة،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وبين (Hard Monetary Dominance الهيمنة النقدية الصارمة ).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهي شديدة التعقيد و المتجلية بالاستقلالية الواسعة والصارمة ،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بعد ان أظهرت السياسة النقدية مستويات من السماح بظهور (الهيمنة النقدية الناعمة).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;حيث تكون السياسة النقدية مستقلة بالكامل&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;و تراعي في الوقت نفسه ظروف السياسة المالية عند اشتداد الأزمات الاقتصادية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولاسيما دورات الأصول النفطية الهابطة والالتزامات ريعية الاقتصاد.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فعلى الرغم من محاولات البنك المركزي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تطبيق سياسات نقدية أكثر مرونة واكثر استقلالية تتقلب بين اتجاهين ،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إلا أن الصلابة الهيكلية للمالية العامة دستوريا ً&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;سواء في شكل إنفاق جار ٍ ثابت أو عجز متكرر&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ظلت تقف عائقًا أمام بناء نموذج اقتصادي متوازن ومستقر&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وغالبًا ما أدت هذه الديناميكية المختلّة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إلى تحميل السياسة النقدية أعباء ً تفوق وظيفتها الطبيعية،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ما يُفضي إلى اختلالات نقدية ،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;مثل&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;التوقعات التضخمية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;او التقلبات في سعر الصرف&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والنمو غير المستقر للسيولة العامة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إن معالجة هذا الخلل البنيوي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;اقتضى إعادة تشخيص العلاقة بين التكيّف المالي والتكيّف النقدي ،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بما يضمن مرونة منسجمة بين طرفي السياستين النقدية والمالية ،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ذلك بما يحقق توازنًا قادرًا على امتصاص الصدمات&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ودعم التنمية المستدامة في بيئة اقتصادية شديدة التقلب&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتتعرض لضغوط دورات الأصول النفطية .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وبهذا فان الآثار المتوقعة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ستبقى تحافظ على تقليل الضغوط التضخمية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وحماية احتياطيات البلاد من العملة الاجنبية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;و تعزيز صدقية البنك المركزي داخليًا ودوليًا ،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;فضلا ً عن تمهيد الطريق لإصدار أدوات دين داخلي مستقر ّ وتنمية ومستدامة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;اشكالية تمويل النفقات العامة بالموارد النفطية بين التكيف النقدي والتكيف المالي:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تُعد العلاقة بين تمويل النفقات العامة والموارد النفطية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من أبرز الإشكاليات البنيوية التي تواجه الاقتصاد العراقي.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ففي ظل هيمنة الريع النفطي،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الذي اعتمدت الدولة و لعقود طويلة على مورد أحادي لتمويل موازناتها،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ما جعلها عرضة للتقلبات الحادة في الأسواق العالمية للطاقة ،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;وقد فرض هذا الواقع تحديات مزدوجة على صعيدي التكيّف المالي والتكيّف النقدي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فعلى مستوى التكيّف المالي،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لم تُفلح السياسات المالية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;في بناء قاعدة إيرادات متنوعة مستدامة غير نفطية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أو في إعادة هيكلة الإنفاق العام بما ينسجم مع الأهداف التنموية طويلة الأمد.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وغالبًا ما كان الإنفاق العام&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;توسعيًا في فترات الوفرة النفطية،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وانكماشيًا وقاسيًا في فترات الانكماش النفطي ،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;دون وجود آليات مرنة لضبط الدورة الاقتصادية أو امتصاص الصدمات.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أما على صعيد التكيّف النقدي،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;فقد وجد البنك المركزي نفسه في وضع دفاعي،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;حيث اضطر أحيانًا&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إلى استخدام أدوات نقدية غير موجهة نحو تحقيق الاستقرار الكلي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بقدر ما كانت تستجيب لضغوط تمويلية ناتجة عن العجز المالي،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;سواء عبر تثبيت سعر الصرف أو ضخ السيولة لتغطية الالتزامات الحكومية،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ما أدى في كثير من الأحيان إلى تضخم نقدي واختلالات في سوق العملة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إن استمرار الاعتماد على الموارد النفطية في تمويل النفقات&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;دون إصلاحات هيكلية على المستوى المالي والنقدي،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;من شأنه أن يعمّق هشاشة الاقتصاد،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ويحول دون بناء منظومة تكيّف مالي ونقدي متكاملة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;قادرة على امتصاص الصدمات، وتحقيق الاستقرار والنمو على المدى البعيد.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وبناء على ما تقدم ، فثمة آليتين أساسيتين&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;اعتادت السياستين النقدية والمالية على تبادل الأدوار بينهما:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الآلية الأولى( خفض القيمة الخارجية للنقود )&amp;nbsp; التكيف النقدي Monetary Adjustment:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;اي خفض سعر الصرف&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;اذ يقود بالغالب الى توفير رافعة للمالية العامة بقوة شرائية منخفضة للنفقات الحكومية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;و (تساعد استدامة النفقات الاسمية التشغيلية كالرواتب والأجور والمعاشات التقاعدية والرعاية الاجتماعية) ولكن (لا تساعد استدامة المدفوعات الخارجية كخدمات الديون والاستيرادات والمدفوعات الخارجية الحكومية) طالما هناك جمود في توسيع قاعدة الايرادات غير النفطية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(فانه مجرد شراء دينار ارخص ممول بايرادات النفط نفسها المبدل من البنك المركزي )&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ما يعني&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ان التكييف المالي سيصبح مشتق من التكييف النقدي ليس الا!!.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;The fiscal adjustment is derived from the monetary adjustment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الآلية الثانية:في حالة تعزيز القيمة الخارجية للنقود Outside Money&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بغية مواجهة الضغوط التضخمية وتوقعاتها،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بمعنى ان هناك تكييفا نقديا Monetary Adjustment&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فان المالية العامة سترتفع عندها القوة الشرائية لنفقاتها العامة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لقاء انخفاض عوائد الموازنة بالدينار الاسمي Nominal ID&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وإزاء التصلب Rigidity في استخدام التكليف المالي ثانية في تعظيم الموارد الغير نفطية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ستضطر المالية العامة الى (الاقتراض) من السوق المصرفية الحكومية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولاسيما وهي السوق الأكبر ماليا ً في بلادنا.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وفي ظل ظاهرة التسرب الخارجي في مستوى السيولة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;حسب المعادلة النقدية الكلية للبلاد،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فان هذه الآلية ستجبر السياسة النقدية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الى قبول خصم السندات الحكومية وتوسيع القاعدة النقدية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من خلال عمليات السوق المفتوحة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;طالما ان العملة الاجنبية قد جرى تحصيلها&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بالتكيف النقدي العالي المرونة Monetary Adjustment .&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ذلك بتحمل الموازنة عجز مالي يمول&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;عن طريق قدرة روافع السياسة النقدية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;في اتاحة السيولة الكافية للحكومة بعملية مستمرة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;باتت تستوعب اليوم حوالي 50% من الدين العام الداخلي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;و هو إصدار نقدي مضاف&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بسبب الهيمنة المالية&amp;nbsp; Fiscal Domination &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;سداد الدين العام الداخلي والتكيف المشترك للسياسات :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;رؤية في تفاعل معادلة النقود الخارجية وأشباهها:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أ-تمكنت السياسة النقدية في السنوات الأخيرة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من خلال قدراتها الاحتياطية الاجنبية العالية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;من تحويل أشباه النقود الخارجية Semi Outside Money&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الى نقود خارجية فعالة لمصلحة المالية العامة، داخل&amp;nbsp; الجهاز المصرفي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ذلك طالما انها ظلت تمتلك القدرة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على تغطية النقد الوطني المصدر بخصم أدوات الدين الداخلي،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;التي هي بحوزة المصارف التجارية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وعبر عمليات السوق المفتوحة Open Market Operations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وبنسبة تغطية زادت على 75% لتلك الاصدارات من أدوات الدين المخصومة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والمغطاة باحتياطات النقد الأجنبي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;دون الإخلال بالمادة 26 من قانون البنك المركزي العراق&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;رقم 56 لسنة 2004 التي تحظر اقراض الحكومة&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولكن تسمح بتداول البيع والشراء&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;او ما تسمى بعمليات السوق المفتوح OMO، ما يعني ولادة ًنقود خارجية مجددا&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ذلك في خضم عوامل ايجابية يوفرها التفاؤل في الحساب الجاري لميزان المدفوعات&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;وانعكاس ذلك على توفير رافعة اقتراض حكومية من الجهاز المصرفي ،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;عدتها المالية العامة رافعة مريحة لتمويل العجز لغرض التوسع في الانفاق العام&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وجلها جاءت من ابتياع حوالات الخزينة الى الجهاز المصرفي الحكومي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فالنقد المصدر الى التداول&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والبالغ اليوم بما يزيد على 100 تريليون دينار&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ازاء احتياطيات من النقد الأجنبي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;التي تراكمت عبر نسب عالية موجبة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من تدفقات الحساب الجاري الى الناتج المحلي الإجمالي،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;والتي قاربت تلك الاحتياطيات الاجنبية على 132 ترليون دينار&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على نحو لم يؤد الى ضغوط تضخمية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;اخذت تعني&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بان اثر الدين الداخلي قد وسّع من الاساس النقدي M0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ذلك بسبب توافر عوامل تنسيقية اعتمدتها السياسة النقدية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;وفي مقدمتها: سعر الصرف البالغ 1320 دينار لكل دولار&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهو سعر توازني سمح للمالية العامة بالاقتراض الداخلي بأريحية عالية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بدلا ً من الاقتراض الخارجي في السنوات المنصرمة ،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بل حول الاصدار النقدي من خلال تملك جانب من النقد شبه الخارجي Semi Outside Money&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الذي هو بحوزة الجهاز المصرفي ليتم خصمه لدى البنك المركزي عبر ذلك الاقتراض العام،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;البالغ رصيده بما يزيد على 85ً تريليون دينار و تحويله مجددا إلى نقد خارجي Outside Money&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;اي اصدار نقدي مغطى بموجودات او أصول احتياطية اجنبية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مقابل استبدال حوالات الخزينة بالدينار العراقي المصدر&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بدلا ً من كونها&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;نقود داخلية Inside Money&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;او شبه نقود خارجية Semi outside Money&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وظلت تمثل موجودات او اصول لمصلحة الجهاز المصرفي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لتخصم لمصلحة الميزانية العمومية للسلطة النقدية للبنك المركزي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من خلال عمليات السوق المفتوحة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;اذ بات ما بحوزة تلك الميزانية العمومية للبنك المركزي من الأصول المالية الحكومية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يزيد اليوم على 50% من إجمالي الدين العام الداخلي المتداول&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والذي هو بحوزة السوق المصرفية أساسا.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ب-من جهة اخرى ،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فان النقود الخارجية المصدرة والعاملة خارج الجهاز المصرفي في اقتصادنا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;هي أساسا ً من الارصدة النقدية الخاملة العاملة خارج الجهاز المصرفي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولكنها بالرغم من ذلك&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لم تشكل مصدر اضطراب للسياسة النقدية او استقرار الاقتصاد الكلي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على الرغم من ان 90% من الاصدار النقدي هو بالغالب خارج الجهاز المصرفي.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;منوهين الى ان الأرصدة النقدية الخاملة خارج المصارف&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(بكونها الأموال النقدية التي يكتنزها الأفراد أو المؤسسات التي لا تُودع في النظام المصرفي)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتتضمن هذه الأموال النقدية السائلة ، الأموال التي تحتفظ بها الوحدات الاقتصادية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;في المنازل أو المكاتب أو أي مكان آخر بعيدًا عن المصارف.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وأن أسباب الاحتفاظ بالنقد خارج المصارف كما هو معروف في اقتصادنا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;يأتي من صفات موروثة منها الثقة المحدودة في النظام المصرفي،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;حيث يفضل البعض الاحتفاظ بأموالهم نقدًا&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بسبب المخاوف من الأزمات المالية لدى مؤسسات غير شفافة لايعرف عنها الكثير .&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فضلا ً عن عدم توفر خدمات مصرفية مناسبة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;خاصة في المناطق الريفية أو التي تفتقر إلى بنية تحتية مصرفية ،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;او سهولة الوصول إلى الأموال&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;التي جرى الاحتفاظ بالنقد لديها او الاستخدام الفوري عند الحاجة،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ما لا يخفى انه في ظل هيمنة سوق رمادية اللون Grey Market&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مازالت نسبتها بنحو 70% من إجمالي عمليات السوق،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فان الاقتصاد غير الرسمي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أصبح في قضية استخدام النقد خارج المصارف&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;مجرد أداة لتجنب الضرائب أو التعاملات المسجلة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وبالرغم من ذلك&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;فان الأسباب الثقافية والاجتماعية الموروثة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;تفضل الاحتفاظ بالنقد&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كطريقة تقليدية لتخزين الثروة حتى اللحظة في مركبات الاقتصاد النقدي الكلي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;وان هذه العقد الثقافية الموروثة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ستحولها أساليب الدفع الإلكتروني الى نقود خاملة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولكن داخل الجهاز المصرفي هذه المرة، ما لم يتم استثمارها.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ج-تأسيسا ً على ما تقدم،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يمكن القول&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ان النقود شبه الخارجية&amp;nbsp; Semi Outside Money&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;التي أسسها الدين العام الداخلي والبالغة أكثر من 85 ترليون دينار&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;( وهي من عوامل الاصدار النقدي ومكونات النقد الاساس)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لا تولد اية ضغوط تضخمية طالما انها مغطاة بالنقد الأجنبي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ما جعلها تتحول تلقائيا الى نقود خارجية&amp;nbsp; تماما Outside Money&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بدلا ً من كونها نقود شبه خارجية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وان هذا التحول التلقائي من النقود الشبه الخارجية الى النقود الخارجية محكوم بعاملين:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الاول:التغطية العالية التلقائية للنقود شبه الخارجية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Automatic High Coverage of Semi Outside Money&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الثاني:سعر الصرف الرسمي العقلاني&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الذي سمح بالاقتراض الداخلي ليبلغ أكثر من 85 ترليون دينار&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;دون حدوث اضطرابات في السيولة المتنامية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;التي مصدرها التمويل بالاصدار النقدي غير المباشر ،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;عبر تداول وخصم السندات وحوالات الخزينة السيادية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كما ذكرنا انفا لدى البنك المركزي العراقي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;سيبقى التحوط ازاء ارتباط الدين العام بالكتلة النقدية المصدرة من الاقتراض الداخلي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;قضية جدلية بين أوساط السياسة الاقتصادية بشقيها المالي والنقدي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بخصوص الحفاظ على الاستقرار الاقتصادي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;اذ ان توافر ارصدة نقدية خارج او داخل الجهاز المصرفي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ستبقى غير مستثمرة أو غير مستخدمة لفترة زمنية طويلة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وغالبا ً ما تكون هذه الأموال محفوظة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;في المنازل او في حسابات مصرفية جارية أو صناديق&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;دون تحقيق عائد أو فائدة منها،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;حيث تعد غير مثالية من الناحية الاقتصادية لكونها تؤدي إلى فقدان فرص استثمارية ،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لذا يمكن استثمار هذه الأرصدة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;في مشاريع تحقق أرباحًا أو تعود بالفائدة على الاقتصاد الوطني.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كما تتأثر تلك النقود بالتضخم ،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فالقوة الشرائية لهذه الأموال قد تتراجع بمرور الوقت&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بسبب معدلات نمو التضخم في الامد الطويل،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فضلا ً عن ضعف الكفاءة الاقتصادية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;التي تعني وجود أموال غير مستثمرة ويصعب الاستفادة منها كموارد مالية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولكن يبقى التساؤل،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هل من نقطة تعادل لقياس العلاقة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بين تراكم الدين العام الداخلي الذي هو بحوزة السلطة النقدية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والاحتياطي الأجنبي في اقتصاد ريعي ؟&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هذا ما سنتناوله في ادناه.7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;عمليات التكيف النقدي المشترك بين السياستين النقدية والمالية..!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;آليات ومشاهد إطفاء الدين العام الداخلي:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ان ما يمكن أن يتحمله الاقتصاد الوطني والسياسة الاقتصادية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;هو مراقبة الحساب الجاري لميزان المدفوعات الى الناتج المحلي الاجمالي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;و يقتضي على السياسة المالية العمل على إطفاء الدين الداخلي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كلما حصل تحسن إيجابي في تلك النسبة وهذا يعد أمر تلقائي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ينبغي ان يتم من خارج امثليات عمليات التكييف النقدي المشترك&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Optimise of Joint Monetary Adjustment Operations&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;اي عمليات التكيف بين السياسة النقدية والسياسة المالية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لمصلحة احتواء الدين العام الداخلي ضمن النظامين المالي والنقدي،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;اذ مازال البنك المركزي يحتفظ بأكثر من 50% من ذلك الدين الحكومي الداخلي كما ذكرنا،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والذي بات يشكل الاساس النقدي للبلاد.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;وبخلافه فان تعثر السداد التقليدي لأصل الدين الداخلي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يقتضي اعتماد إطار من (التكيف المشترك بين السياستين المالية والنقدية)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;تكون من بين اولوياته&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لا مناص عند الضرورة القصوى&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من خفض القيمة الخارجية للنقود (سعر الصرف)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;في حال تعثر السداد وتمدده الى الاجل البعيد،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولاسيما اذا ما انخفضت الاحتياطيات الاجنبية للبلاد&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;دون انخفاض معدلات أرصدة الدين الداخلي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;او ايجاد اية موجودات وطنية تقايضها المالية العامة من الدومين العام ازاء ذلك الدين&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;وعلى وفق قوة (مؤشري الحساب الجاري لميزان المدفوعات ودورة الأصول النفطية)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كعوامل خارجية مؤثرة في استقرار الاقتصاد الكلي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;اذ يعد الحساب الجاري لميزان المدفوعات الى الناتج المحلي الإجمالي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;عامل مراقبة للدين العام الداخلي المتراكم غير المسدد&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كأحد أهم المؤشرات لقياس طاقة تحمل الدين&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتأثيراته في درجة الاستقرار على المدى الطويل&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولاسيما مشكلات نمو معدلات التضخم،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ذلك في نطاق سياسة مالية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تتطلع الى&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;التعزيز المالي Fiscal Consolidation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;اي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الخفض السنوي للعجز في الموازنة العامة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والتخفيف من رصيد الديون الداخلية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لتحقيق هدفي الاستقرار والنمو الاقتصادي المستدام.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وبهذا الشأن&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وبغية اعتماد أسس مشتركة بين السياستين النقدية والمالية لإطفاء الدين الداخلي تدريجيا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وعد ذلك من أساليب التكيف&amp;nbsp; Fiscal Adjustment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فيمكن الذهاب الى الحلول التالية:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أولهما:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;البدء باطفاء الدين العام الداخلي المتراكم في الميزانية العمومية للبنك المركزي ،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;كلما اقترب ذلك الدين من قيمة الاحتياطيات الاجنبية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتحويل الجزء الحدي من النقود الخارجية Marginal Outside Money&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الى ما يعادله من قيمة العجز السنوي في الحساب الجاري لميزان المدفوعات&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;المقسوم على الناتج المحلي الإجمالي السنوي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ثانيهما :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;قبول البنك المركزي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;( التكيف النقدي-المالي الهجيني Hybrid Monetary -Fiscal Adjustment)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هو قبول السلطة النقدية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;التنازل عن الفائدة السنوية المفروضة على تلك الأصول المالية الحكومية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;التي هي بحوزة الميزانية العمومية للبنك المركزي (اي تصفير الفائدة السنوية)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ذلك الى حين تحسن وضع الموازنة العامة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والتخلص من فجوة العجز في الحسابين الجاري لميزان المدفوعات والموازنة العامة او أحدهما&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والبدء بخريطة طريق محكمة باطفاء الدين العام الذي بحوزة السلطة النقدية.8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ان ما جاء في اعلاه،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لاينفي من اعتماد سياسة إطفاء رصيد الدين العام الداخلي المتراكم لدى المالية العامة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والذي يحتل اليوم في جله (رصيد الموجودات الداخلية للميزانية العمومية للبنك المركزي).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ثالثهما:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وبخلاف ما جاء في ثانيا ً اعلاه،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ستتحمل السياسة النقدية ضغوط الكتلة النقدية من النقد الخارجي Outside Money&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;في حال انخفاض الاحتياطيات الاجنبية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ذلك عند تفوق قيمة النقود الخارجية المصدرة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على ما يقابلها من احتياطيات او أصول أجنبية ،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لنحصل على اتجاهين حاكمين او ضاغطين امام صناع السياستين النقدية والمالية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهما أمام ثلاثة مشاهد محتملة:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;المشهد الأول:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تخفيض قيمة العملة و سداد الدين العام الداخلي،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;و هي عملية مبادلة الديون بالتضخم Debt Inflation Swap&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;و هو ما يطلق عليه بالتكيف النقدي لمصلحة تمويل الموازنة العامة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لاطفاء جانب من الديون، Monetary Adjustment&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الا ان ذلك يعد من أسوأ أنواع التمويل بالغالب&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لما يتركه من عوامل سعريه سيئة على الاستقرار العام.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;المشهد الثاني:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;التنازل عن تقاسم اطفاء الدين بنسبة من ارباح البنك المركزي السنوية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وعد ذلك من الحوكمة الجيدة للسياسة النقدية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لكون راسمال البنك المركزي اساسه تخصيص من الموازنة العامة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فضلا ً عن ان الموازنة العامة مسؤولة عن استدامة رأسمال الميزانية العمومية للبنك المركزي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;طبقا للقانون رقم 56 لسنة 2004.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;المشهد الاخير او التكميلي:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;واخيرا في حال تعذر المشهدين في أعلاه&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من استكمال سداد كامل قيمة الديون الحكومية المتراكمة في الميزانية العمومية للبنك المركزي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تجري اضافة الى ذلك&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;عملية مبادلة بقية الديون الحكومية بأصول حقيقية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;تتصرف بها السلطة النقدية كموجودات فاعلة في دعم الاستقرار النقدي،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لذى نرى، ان من الانصاف&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ان تتحمل السياسة النقدية عن طريق التكيف النقدي Monetary Adjustment&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;التنازل عن جانب من الارباح السنوية لإطفاء عبء ذلك الدين بنسبة متناسبة،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;قبل ان يتاح للسياسة المالية التكيف المالي Fiscal Adjustment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;التنازل عن موجوداتها الحقيقية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لمصلحة الميزانية العمومية للسلطة النقدية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لإطفاء نصف ديون المالية العامة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهو تعاون أمثل بين السياستين النقدية والمالية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;في احتواء مشكلات استدامة الدين الداخلي لفترات تكاد تكون طويلة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ربما تشكل قيدا على استدامة الاستقرار في نطاق تحقيق أهداف السياستين النقدية والمالية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهذا ما يقتضي الذهاب إلى سيناريوهات الحلول الاتية:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;سيناريو الحل الاول:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهو السيناريو الاسهل الذي يقضي الدخول بالتمويل التضخمي العالي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;عن طريق خفض القيمة الخارجية للنقود&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;و بما يوازي استدامة 75% من النفقات التشغيلية لإطفاء الدين الداخلي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لقاء هذا الاستقرار&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;و لمصلحة الحفاظ على الاحتياطيات الاجنبية عند الخط الأحمر Red Tape&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;و هو أسلوب الصدمة القوية أو المتدرجة.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;و مع ذلك فهو حل غير مقبول سياسيا و لا اجتماعيا في الغالب..!9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;اما السيناريو الثاني:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فيتمثل في أفضلية تعزيز السياسة النقدية Monetary Anchoring&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هو ان تتخلى المالية العامة عن (تكيفاتها المالية) الممكنة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لمصلحة إطلاق يد( التكيفات النقدية) بمرونة أوسع&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهذا يمثل تحولا ً سياساتيا ً حادا من الهيمنة المالية الى الهيمنة النقدية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;It represents a reversal from fiscal dominance to monetary dominance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;اي بمعنى&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ان هناك تحولا ً اقتصاديًا كبيرًا&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تصبح فيه السياسة النقدية هي القوة المسيطرة على المالية العامة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بعد ان كانت السياسة المالية هي المهيمنة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهو ما يمكن أن يشير إلى تطرف في استقلالية البنك المركزي،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;أو إلى اعتماد أكبر على الأدوات النقدية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لضبط تحركات الاقتصاد الكلي وعموم النشاط الاقتصادي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بدلا ً من الاعتماد على الإنفاق الحكومي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بسبب تصلب التكيف المالي ًدستوريا Fiscal Adjustment Rigidity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولكن هو امر مرفوض سياسيا في بلد ريعي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;يعتمد على الإيرادات النفطية في تمويل النفقات العامة بنسبة 90.%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولاسيما عندما يرفض البنك المركزي تمويل العجز المالي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;في التمويل بالتضخم Inflationary Finance بطباعة الدينار،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويتمسك بإجراءات نقدية صارمة حتى لو سببت ضيقًا ماليًا للحكومة،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فهذا“يمثل تحولا ً من الهيمنة المالية إلى الهيمنة النقدية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;اذ يحمل هذا المشهد&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;منح البنك المركزي صلاحيات أوسع&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لمكافحة التضخم وضبط سوق العملة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من خلال:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أ-إرساء نظام صرف أكثر مرونة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ب-استخدام أدوات السوق المفتوحة بكفاءة عالية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ج-تقنين تدخل البنك المركزي في تمويل الحكومة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;السيناريو الثالث او الاخير:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يقوم على استراتيجية التكيف المزدوج المدمج (Dual Adjustment Strategy)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;اذ يتحدد هذا المشهد او السيناريو&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على الجمع بين السيناريو الأول والسيناريو الثاني&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ذلك بخفض (الهيمنة المالية) وتحويلها&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من حالة إلغاء كلي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إلى حالة قبول الشراكة مع (الهيمنة النقدية)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;عند نقطة التوازن ذات القبول السياسي الاقتصادي والقانوني.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهي ارادة مشتركة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لكنها ستمنح البنك المركزي في بلد شديد الريعية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;صلاحيات المالية العامة في حماية الاستقرار والاستدامة المالية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وفي نطاق أوسع لمواجهة دورات الأصول النفطية،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ويأتي في مقدمتها تملك اصولا ً حقيقية حكومية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تحول حالا ً الى أصول مالية و بالتدريج&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;في مكونات صافي الثروة في الميزانية العمومية للبنك المركزي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;و بآليات الشراكة مع السوق في عملية Debt-Equity Swap&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;و هو ترتيب مالي يتم فيه تحويل جزء من ديون الدولة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إلى حصص ملكية (أسهم)، مبادلة الديون بالأصول&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وغالبًا ما يُستخدم في حالات شائعة في إعادة الهيكلة المالية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أو إنقاذ الشركات العامة أو حتى تسوية ديون الدولة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لإطفاء ما بحوزة البنك المركزي من أدوات الدين الحكومية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والتخفيف من عبء الدين العام الداخلي.10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الاستنتاجات والتوصيات:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على الرغم من ان (السيناريو الثالث) لإطفاء الدين العام الداخلي ،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;يبقى أكثر صعوبة سياسيًا وإداريًا، إلا أنه الأكثر استدامة،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;خاصة في ظل الضغوط المتزايدة على المالية العامة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وحاجة الاقتصاد العراقي إلى بناء أدوات مرنة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لمواجهة الأزمات وتقليل الارتهان للتقلبات النفطية،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويؤدي الى تحقيق توازن حقيقي بين التكيّف المالي والتكيّف النقدي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويفضي إلى إدارة رشيدة للدورة الاقتصادية وتوفير مساحة للإنفاق التنموي بعيدًا عن الهشاشة الريعية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولكن هذا لاينفي من العمل على الامد المتوسط او الطويل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;من تنفيذ إصلاحات مالية ونقدية بالتوازي ضمن إطار تنموي شامل،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من خلال:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ربط الإنفاق بسعر نفط معياري فاعل حقيقي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;حيث يمنع الإفراط في الإنفاق خلال فترات ارتفاع أسعار النفط،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;مما يقلل من مخاطر العجز عند انخفاضها.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;و يوفّر موارد احتياطية يمكن استخدامها في أوقات الأزمات (هبوط الأسعارًأو الكوارث)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فضلا عن كونه يعزز الانضباط المالي Fiscal Consolidation او التعزيز المالي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;و يجعل السياسة المالية أكثر استقرارا و توقعا.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويفضي ايضا ً إلى أهمية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(إنشاء صندوق سيادي للثروة لعزل الفوائض النفطية عن النفقات الجارية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;كما فعلت بلدان عديدة و منها النرويج تحديدا و بلدان نفطية أخرى).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كما تبقى اهمية استمرار التنسيق الوثيق بين وزارة المالية والبنك المركزي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ضمن لجنة عليا احترافية للسياسات الاقتصادية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بمثابة شرط ضرورة في تسيير هدفي الاستقرار والتنمية المستدامة في بلادنا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بما يحقق الاستدامتين المالية والاقتصادية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;و في نطاق مايسمى بالاستدامة الحيوية الاقتصادية للبلاد&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والتي عادة ما يعبر عنها بأمثلية معيار الأرصدة المالية الرئيسة غير النفطية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;او الرصيد الاولي غير النفطي للمالية العامة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Non-Oil Primary Fiscal Balance -NOPEF,s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;و هو مؤشر مالي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;يستخدم لتقييم الاستدامة المالية في البلدان النفطية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويُقيس الفائض أو العجز في الموازنة العامة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بعد استبعاد الايرادات النفطية ،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;و قبل احتساب مدفوعات فوائد الدين.11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الكاتب:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الدكتور مظهر محمد صالح:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;باحث اقتصادي و أكاديمي.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مستشار رئيس مجلس الوزراء العراقي.12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;عن الشبكة:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تهدف شبكة الاقتصاديين العراقيين&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الى التأسيس لمرجعية اقتصادية في العراق&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تعمل على اعطاء الاولوية للاقتصاد قبل السياسة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتنشر الثقافة الاقتصادية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بين أفراد الطبقة السياسية ًخاصة وأفراد المجتمع العراقي عامة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;متبنّية خطابا اقتصاديا علميا&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وساعية الى موقعا ً مؤثرا ًفي الرأي العام والمجتمع العراقي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;يمكنها من إيصال كلمتها الى صاحب القرار السياسي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والتأثير على قرارات السياسة الاقتصادية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ملاحظة:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;-لا تعبر الآراء الواردة في الإصدار بالضرورة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;عن آراء أو اتجاهات تتباها الشبكة،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;وانما تعبر عن رأي كاتبها.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;iraqieconomists.net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;info@iraqieconomists.net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;WhatsApp +964 786 629 6600&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://iraqieconomists.net/ar/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/06/%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B8%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A.pdf&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;https://iraqieconomists.net/ar/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/06/%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B8%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A.pdf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/feeds/5895799544508646514/comments/default' title='تعليقات الرسالة'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2025/06/blog-post.html#comment-form' title='0 تعليقات'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/5895799544508646514'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/5895799544508646514'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2025/06/blog-post.html' title=' صلابة التكيّف المالي على مرونة التكيّف النقدي آليات سداد الدين العام الداخلي.'/><author><name>abdullah aljinaahi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07428918488938833478</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='22' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYirY3kNAlfPPymszGVtS-DEa2BHrEVm36W05dVXGVI7a6GLOVK2sHMAOVqx06mbRjPkM0RIZNzHQqxCN1YidFAQeKKS4RCboWIQL9VHuRqed4wAuVsla1wpgV2apcAA/s113/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9.PNG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2756764865486377695.post-2647181038061167319</id><published>2024-09-12T10:37:00.003+03:00</published><updated>2024-09-15T08:16:25.301+03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="البنك المركزي العراقي"/><title type='text'>   تقلص مالي و توسع نقدي في ميزانية البنك المركزي العراقي </title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;12-9-2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-09a44516-7fff-c7cb-da5e-b8d97b95d70c&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/Abdullah.AlJinaahi.iq?__cft__[0]=AZVMgwcZE82AI4FUCAIDJWU70OIBrDBHKpmlpuVe8EgkThwm4AZ9MX8WnbkEZAj7NPXfyFF_UKzZ-v9syKUbCgF3C1kgxDLn2noPpilHVFD-2KYn9SWS5WB9pqJChQwRefQ&amp;amp;__tn__=-UC%2CP-R&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1155cc; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;عبدالله الجناحي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/Abdullah.AlJinaahi.iq/posts/8113308942056783?__cft__[0]=AZVMgwcZE82AI4FUCAIDJWU70OIBrDBHKpmlpuVe8EgkThwm4AZ9MX8WnbkEZAj7NPXfyFF_UKzZ-v9syKUbCgF3C1kgxDLn2noPpilHVFD-2KYn9SWS5WB9pqJChQwRefQ&amp;amp;__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1155cc; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;٤٢ د&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;تقلص ميزانية البنك المركزي العراقي ماليا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;من 222 ترليون دينار في تموز 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;الى 199 ترليون دينار في تموز 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;ويعود ذلك الى&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;تقلص مطلوبات أرصدة المؤسسات الحكومية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;من 26 تريليون دينار&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;الى 7.5ترليون دينار&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;وتقلص مايقابلها من الموجودات&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;مثل&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;تقلص ارصدة التزامات وزارة المالية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;من 49 تريليون دينار عراقي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;الى 41 تريليون دينار عراقي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;وتقلص الموجودات الاجنبية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;من 156 تريليون دينار عراقي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;الى 141 تريليون دينار عراقي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;وتوسع ميزانية البنك المركزي العراقي نقديا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;من 149 تريليون دينار عراقي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;الى 157 تريليون دينار عراقي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmhT2Fw3MEqLnwLE7jEi-p4HZi3SABGCZI4sFyi16JwVw4LK-oT225L3gehUNP8DV2ud4AM2Ins1hsD-K7bzEMshHM8GtVRP4brtmkLiybf0P4j5fgaruUApPJe0I2bpufanOD0_wJnQbEYBB7F8VK9u2kOdD6CcW9wuDKyqPaOG5uIRtFrXhxDAxTV7oB/s562/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%20%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%202024.jpg&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;تقلص مالي و توسع نقدي في ميزانية البنك المركزي العراقي -1&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;562&quot; data-original-width=&quot;464&quot; height=&quot;640&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmhT2Fw3MEqLnwLE7jEi-p4HZi3SABGCZI4sFyi16JwVw4LK-oT225L3gehUNP8DV2ud4AM2Ins1hsD-K7bzEMshHM8GtVRP4brtmkLiybf0P4j5fgaruUApPJe0I2bpufanOD0_wJnQbEYBB7F8VK9u2kOdD6CcW9wuDKyqPaOG5uIRtFrXhxDAxTV7oB/w528-h640/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%20%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%202024.jpg&quot; title=&quot;تقلص مالي و توسع نقدي في ميزانية البنك المركزي العراقي -1&quot; width=&quot;528&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: 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src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg51CvrldGK9qHJWaQMyWny5xyLfxGIkzcr1rWoyjbg8p7YSyT0VWP-iS4cGE5Z1DOHkQZSeEhwDP3ekjRbjWu9nVs73nCodsA8NH4vcNOoLMJQJv7UygrgL4O6vb7YNqpJG_w5sqAL5GEd2-8lQG17t3Ax2VJkG4U9dTl_9tXYrH68hezbNLNUybYIx2V/w566-h640/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%20%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%202023.png&quot; title=&quot;تقلص مالي و توسع نقدي في ميزانية البنك المركزي العراقي -2&quot; width=&quot;566&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/share/1FUU4Ccmi1/&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1155cc; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;https://www.facebook.com/share/1FUU4Ccmi1/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/feeds/2647181038061167319/comments/default' title='تعليقات الرسالة'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2024/09/blog-post_12.html#comment-form' title='0 تعليقات'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/2647181038061167319'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/2647181038061167319'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2024/09/blog-post_12.html' title='   تقلص مالي و توسع نقدي في ميزانية البنك المركزي العراقي '/><author><name>abdullah aljinaahi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07428918488938833478</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='22' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYirY3kNAlfPPymszGVtS-DEa2BHrEVm36W05dVXGVI7a6GLOVK2sHMAOVqx06mbRjPkM0RIZNzHQqxCN1YidFAQeKKS4RCboWIQL9VHuRqed4wAuVsla1wpgV2apcAA/s113/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9.PNG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmhT2Fw3MEqLnwLE7jEi-p4HZi3SABGCZI4sFyi16JwVw4LK-oT225L3gehUNP8DV2ud4AM2Ins1hsD-K7bzEMshHM8GtVRP4brtmkLiybf0P4j5fgaruUApPJe0I2bpufanOD0_wJnQbEYBB7F8VK9u2kOdD6CcW9wuDKyqPaOG5uIRtFrXhxDAxTV7oB/s72-w528-h640-c/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%20%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%202024.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2756764865486377695.post-4046550695397519239</id><published>2024-09-12T01:27:00.006+03:00</published><updated>2024-09-12T01:27:58.879+03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="البنك المركزي العراقي"/><title type='text'> خلاصة الميزانية العمومية النقدية للبنك المركزي العراقي</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;بيان المضمون النقدي لعمليات الصيرفة المركزية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-21d815f3-7fff-5d38-3596-7e312762651e&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;الوضع المالي للبنك المركزي العراقي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;يتكون من الوضع المالي من الأجنبي والمحلي حسب معيار الاقامة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;وايضا يتكون الوضع المالي من النقدي وغير النقدي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;وعمليات الصيرفة المركزية تغير عناصر الوضع المالي النقدي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;التي تنعكس في تغير الاساس النقدي reserve money&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;وهو العملة المصدرة وودائع المصارف&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;و الذي يعتبر مستهدف عملياتي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;وهو يؤدي الى هدف وسيط هو سعر الصرف&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;الذي يؤدي الى هدف نهائي هو التضخم في العراق.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 559px; overflow: hidden; width: 555px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;خلاصة الميزانية العمومية النقدية للبنك المركزي العراقي&quot; src=&quot;https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXePQVDPDrgIA9xrHb0ogkKVaTLmevCG_T6aHTktN-rg4zczBA19kQ35MjMdNDTW3pZ8yoLUBVgO24dbvlz_X_GHh35AcU3HiG2k-Gj-15iTkzk7-7gpRwmHwRBy8eQPUR1Rc2FKi_2QZFJch_bBEEHwaEBa=s16000?key=1PMGpI9nXwg0UZXojw7GUw&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;خلاصة الميزانية العمومية النقدية للبنك المركزي العراقي&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;بيان المضمون النقدي لعمليات الصيرفة المركزية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 468px; overflow: hidden; width: 668px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;خلاصة الميزانية العمومية النقدية للبنك المركزي العراقي-1&quot; src=&quot;https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXeckJuhIVfkRS9gvdj5DhfrlibLKP9ZUbFzv5n-U25nn5vDhNJ9BUojep_9kA3CDjZVPbokLwPxnLJjyVjxrO6scpzP3IgggXA85RJz4zBjh31xbULHeJ9nChlOZ1BNac9RmhKWU1eO6_fUUSzc7iEDtGU=s16000?key=1PMGpI9nXwg0UZXojw7GUw&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;خلاصة الميزانية العمومية النقدية للبنك المركزي العراقي-1&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;المصدر:الدكتور احمد ابريهي العلي-الاقتصاد النقدي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/share/16xuusrDNn/&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1155cc; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;https://www.facebook.com/share/16xuusrDNn/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/feeds/4046550695397519239/comments/default' title='تعليقات الرسالة'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2024/09/blog-post.html#comment-form' title='0 تعليقات'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/4046550695397519239'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/4046550695397519239'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2024/09/blog-post.html' title=' خلاصة الميزانية العمومية النقدية للبنك المركزي العراقي'/><author><name>abdullah aljinaahi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07428918488938833478</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='22' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYirY3kNAlfPPymszGVtS-DEa2BHrEVm36W05dVXGVI7a6GLOVK2sHMAOVqx06mbRjPkM0RIZNzHQqxCN1YidFAQeKKS4RCboWIQL9VHuRqed4wAuVsla1wpgV2apcAA/s113/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9.PNG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXePQVDPDrgIA9xrHb0ogkKVaTLmevCG_T6aHTktN-rg4zczBA19kQ35MjMdNDTW3pZ8yoLUBVgO24dbvlz_X_GHh35AcU3HiG2k-Gj-15iTkzk7-7gpRwmHwRBy8eQPUR1Rc2FKi_2QZFJch_bBEEHwaEBa=s72-c?key=1PMGpI9nXwg0UZXojw7GUw" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2756764865486377695.post-3229257517780112860</id><published>2024-08-23T14:21:00.006+03:00</published><updated>2024-09-05T16:10:36.949+03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="محاسبة"/><title type='text'> الرد على تعريف المدين والدائن في المحاسبة</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;تعريف المدين والدائن من وجهة نظر الكيان المحاسبي&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2Qqu4epRrDKMzw-hHxXBiZrkZuQUSlLOONVtdoJEjXEVCY2joSPaqcRlQCunRGV0x2nMsEJ8yHH1KUFemDAJWK7j0WOVkGPxWRpM8t5Tnl68GIIjoP5SbB4FhTTEv0_Rwc7V0qXeYcv4KqQvy1t3GGvSkGwXa5h0MpYmD_g6tYFvrftivnZSc8nCfQy_g/s360/%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A9%20%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;تعريف المدين والدائن من وجهة نظر الكيان المحاسبي&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;114&quot; data-original-width=&quot;360&quot; height=&quot;126&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2Qqu4epRrDKMzw-hHxXBiZrkZuQUSlLOONVtdoJEjXEVCY2joSPaqcRlQCunRGV0x2nMsEJ8yHH1KUFemDAJWK7j0WOVkGPxWRpM8t5Tnl68GIIjoP5SbB4FhTTEv0_Rwc7V0qXeYcv4KqQvy1t3GGvSkGwXa5h0MpYmD_g6tYFvrftivnZSc8nCfQy_g/w524-h126/%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A9%20%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9.jpg&quot; title=&quot;تعريف المدين والدائن من وجهة نظر الكيان المحاسبي&quot; width=&quot;524&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-4e9e24bc-7fff-cef9-dc41-616aa80035d4&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.47696; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 523px; overflow: hidden; width: 552px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;523&quot; src=&quot;https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXdiGTw-dklt_QgILds7ZqUfLjnR7sK7mqGdnbLT5iFQFt7mWJ_t9BieSZvPx6xAKr1O8AOoqAH5lAXkt3XuQoBQpmnC4gBffVrCv1G38VQzjdnHjyY06RWzVv4MCwJUKdEgtSvmWG6c9kxrEomt5zsjG-Lt?key=xAgIfgEvCgCIiWOsuwj_FQ&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;552&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.47696; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/groups/395388654847464/user/100001332723158/?__cft__[0]=AZVT0A_AjyfKWF0I1Pu7qpMyL8FLLAOjogWyTtVJuAmHRvjAB5cjAfJ5esEV-lYbo7jgJciqHeeaLKLJ4dDv3knPajAZUsp104FsGB5304x5PARcGjfZQGYHXNrli7VqE-MRY9dVyuYuRs_B3_4aEt9KcyUAHvlvHTRzfBUzGlJXZoDONda07dz7xoK3zcYdH29C9P2XvxdWyX3mL1461dOWeiSsjVwSUExzO0mhcjrH0Jwi5MWbNV07wEc-PIlDH14&amp;amp;__tn__=R]-R&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #1155cc; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;عبدالله الجناحي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f0f2f5; line-height: 1.59996; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #050505; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;المدين والدائن في المحاسبة يسجل دائما من وجهة نظر الشركة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f0f2f5; line-height: 1.59996; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #050505; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فلذا تسجيل اي حساب مدين يعني زيادة مديونية الحساب للشركة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f0f2f5; line-height: 1.59996; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #050505; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وكذا تسجيل اي حساب دائن يعني زيادة دائنية الحساب للشركة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f0f2f5; line-height: 1.59996; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #050505; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;اي بإيجاز المدين يزيد حقوق الشركة والدائن يزيد التزامات الشركة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f0f2f5; line-height: 1.59996; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #050505; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وغير ذلك تضليل لدارس المحاسبة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f0f2f5; line-height: 1.59996; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فمثلا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f0f2f5; line-height: 1.59996; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;تعريف المدين بالاخذ دون تحديد الشركة هي الآخذه هو تضليل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f0f2f5; line-height: 1.59996; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;او تعريف الدائن بالعاطي بدون تحديد الشركة هي العاطي هو تضليل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f0f2f5; line-height: 1.59996; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #050505; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والأصح&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f0f2f5; line-height: 1.59996; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #050505; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;تعريف المدين بانه حق للشركة والدائن التزام على الشركة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f0f2f5; line-height: 1.59996; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #050505; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فأرجو تجاوز هذه الهفوة الشائعة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f0f2f5; line-height: 1.59996; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #050505; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;واظنها بسبب سوء الترجمة الى العربية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #050505; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #050505; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الاقتصاد بعيون الخبراء&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #050505; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;23-8-2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/feeds/3229257517780112860/comments/default' title='تعليقات الرسالة'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2024/08/blog-post_23.html#comment-form' title='0 تعليقات'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/3229257517780112860'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/3229257517780112860'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2024/08/blog-post_23.html' title=' الرد على تعريف المدين والدائن في المحاسبة'/><author><name>abdullah aljinaahi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07428918488938833478</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='22' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYirY3kNAlfPPymszGVtS-DEa2BHrEVm36W05dVXGVI7a6GLOVK2sHMAOVqx06mbRjPkM0RIZNzHQqxCN1YidFAQeKKS4RCboWIQL9VHuRqed4wAuVsla1wpgV2apcAA/s113/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9.PNG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2Qqu4epRrDKMzw-hHxXBiZrkZuQUSlLOONVtdoJEjXEVCY2joSPaqcRlQCunRGV0x2nMsEJ8yHH1KUFemDAJWK7j0WOVkGPxWRpM8t5Tnl68GIIjoP5SbB4FhTTEv0_Rwc7V0qXeYcv4KqQvy1t3GGvSkGwXa5h0MpYmD_g6tYFvrftivnZSc8nCfQy_g/s72-w524-h126-c/%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A9%20%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2756764865486377695.post-7318316533006500150</id><published>2024-08-14T00:49:00.002+03:00</published><updated>2024-08-14T00:49:14.455+03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="محاسبة"/><title type='text'> الإيضاح في مفهوم المدين والدائن في المحاسبة </title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;مفهوم المدين هو المديونية للمنشاة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-f928df35-7fff-3188-9d70-2e0dc7515525&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;ومفهوم الدائن هو الدائنية للمنشاة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;لذلك في المحاسبة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;( الترصيد ) Balancing&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;هو&amp;nbsp; استخراج مديونية أو دائنية الحسابات&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;حسب نظرية القيد المزدوج ومعادله الميزانية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;الاقتصاد بعيون الخبراء&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;14-8-2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/feeds/7318316533006500150/comments/default' title='تعليقات الرسالة'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2024/08/blog-post_14.html#comment-form' title='0 تعليقات'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/7318316533006500150'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/7318316533006500150'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2024/08/blog-post_14.html' title=' الإيضاح في مفهوم المدين والدائن في المحاسبة '/><author><name>abdullah aljinaahi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07428918488938833478</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='22' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYirY3kNAlfPPymszGVtS-DEa2BHrEVm36W05dVXGVI7a6GLOVK2sHMAOVqx06mbRjPkM0RIZNzHQqxCN1YidFAQeKKS4RCboWIQL9VHuRqed4wAuVsla1wpgV2apcAA/s113/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9.PNG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2756764865486377695.post-998735081240784718</id><published>2024-08-10T18:50:00.002+03:00</published><updated>2024-08-10T18:50:14.557+03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="عوامل الانتاج"/><title type='text'>عوامل الإنتاج: هل تنتج دخلاً أم سلعاً وخدمات؟</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip6lNpzfaLtjOks5UOuTznvmNxHr-j0KzMK9htI-VAtyjO32Zpz1FbeWWIRlE0XsgVw9aTgbLrpLrbXA7N4C84pknxZLScG2ERljp-_Oa-9XFL2QN6gw4zJGueXekU3yoy_3PjfeiSRUcbyr91Dlc3lx_-8iVn6yS5xaeb1vGyrMXPJQyA5yfEsRzqW-4j/s586/%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%20%D9%87%D9%84%20%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AC%20%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8B%20%D8%A3%D9%85%20%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%8B%20%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%9F.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;عوامل الإنتاج: هل تنتج دخلاً أم سلعاً وخدمات؟&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;374&quot; data-original-width=&quot;586&quot; height=&quot;448&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip6lNpzfaLtjOks5UOuTznvmNxHr-j0KzMK9htI-VAtyjO32Zpz1FbeWWIRlE0XsgVw9aTgbLrpLrbXA7N4C84pknxZLScG2ERljp-_Oa-9XFL2QN6gw4zJGueXekU3yoy_3PjfeiSRUcbyr91Dlc3lx_-8iVn6yS5xaeb1vGyrMXPJQyA5yfEsRzqW-4j/w640-h448/%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%20%D9%87%D9%84%20%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AC%20%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8B%20%D8%A3%D9%85%20%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%8B%20%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%9F.png&quot; title=&quot;عوامل الإنتاج: هل تنتج دخلاً أم سلعاً وخدمات؟&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;السؤال المطروح &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;يدور حول طبيعة الناتج الذي تقدمه عوامل الإنتاج.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;html-span xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;html-a xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs&quot; style=&quot;color: #385898; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit;&quot; tabindex=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;الإجابة المختصرة: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;عوامل الإنتاج لا تنتج سلعاً وخدمات بشكل مباشر، بل تساهم في إنتاجها. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;الناتج المباشر لعوامل الإنتاج هو الدخل.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;التفصيل:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;عوامل الإنتاج: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;هي الموارد التي تستخدم في عملية الإنتاج لإنشاء السلع والخدمات. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;وتشمل عادة:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;الأرض: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;تشمل الأراضي الزراعية والمناجم والمواقع الصناعية وغيرها.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;العمل: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;يشمل الجهد البدني والذهني الذي يبذله الإنسان في عملية الإنتاج.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;الرأسمال: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;يشمل الآلات والمعدات والبنية التحتية &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;وغيرها من الأصول المستخدمة في الإنتاج.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;المؤسسات: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;تشمل المنظمات والكيانات التي تقوم بتنسيق وتوجيه عوامل الإنتاج الأخرى.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;الدخل: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;هو العائد المادي الذي يحصل عليه ملاك عوامل الإنتاج &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;مقابل مساهمتهم في عملية الإنتاج. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;على سبيل المثال:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;الأرض: تؤدي إلى توليد الإيجار.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;العمل: يؤدي إلى توليد الأجور.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;الرأسمال: يؤدي إلى توليد الفوائد والأرباح.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;المؤسسات: تؤدي إلى توليد الأرباح.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;لماذا الدخل هو الناتج المباشر لعوامل الإنتاج؟&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;دور عوامل الإنتاج: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;عوامل الإنتاج هي مدخلات في عملية الإنتاج، وليست مخرجات.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;تحويل المدخلات إلى مخرجات: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;يتم تحويل عوامل الإنتاج (المدخلات) إلى سلع وخدمات (المخرجات) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;من خلال عملية الإنتاج التي تقوم بها المؤسسات.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;عائد عوامل الإنتاج:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; الدخل الذي يحصل عليه ملاك عوامل الإنتاج &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;هو مقابل مساهمتهم في هذه العملية التحويلية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;مثال توضيحي:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;عندما يقوم مزارع بزراعة محصول (المنتج النهائي)، &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;فإن الأرض (عامل إنتاج) تساهم في إنتاج هذا المحصول، &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;ولكن الأرض نفسها لا تتحول إلى محصول.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; بدلاً من ذلك، &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;يحصل المزارع على دخل (الإيجار) مقابل استخدام الأرض.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;خلاصة:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;عوامل الإنتاج&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;هي الموارد الأساسية التي تعتمد عليها عملية الإنتاج، &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;ولكنها لا تنتج السلع والخدمات بشكل مباشر. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;الدخل &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;هو العائد المادي الذي يحصل عليه ملاك عوامل الإنتاج&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; مقابل مساهمتهم في عملية الإنتاج.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;الاقتصاد بعيون الخبراء&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;10-8-2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/feeds/998735081240784718/comments/default' title='تعليقات الرسالة'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2024/08/blog-post_10.html#comment-form' title='0 تعليقات'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/998735081240784718'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/998735081240784718'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2024/08/blog-post_10.html' title='عوامل الإنتاج: هل تنتج دخلاً أم سلعاً وخدمات؟'/><author><name>abdullah aljinaahi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07428918488938833478</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='22' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYirY3kNAlfPPymszGVtS-DEa2BHrEVm36W05dVXGVI7a6GLOVK2sHMAOVqx06mbRjPkM0RIZNzHQqxCN1YidFAQeKKS4RCboWIQL9VHuRqed4wAuVsla1wpgV2apcAA/s113/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9.PNG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" 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center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCJg17PJruFJJE8BPZtjzMf5JGoikuonn37DAS7FW16QQeVtKVEdilW1vFPMivpW8ISAspFcWZG72pyzOzDNqxUA5tn2BcY2P83qLKs_vRhhUvztDR9aqrtXvFuy8P9LwgyyRxoAEO_EnsKVF8ykuIu1bUMruz67rmm82JgdaLe3AtY0wEZc_uheYkhZFs/s474/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A9%20%D9%87%D9%8A%20%D8%AD%D8%A8%20%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9.jpeg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;الفلسفة هي حب تطبيق المعرفة&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;264&quot; data-original-width=&quot;474&quot; height=&quot;356&quot; 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white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-weight: 700; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-weight: 700; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-weight: 700; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-weight: 700; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-weight: 700; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-weight: 700; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-weight: 700; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-weight: 700; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-weight: 700; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الحكمة هي القدرة على تطبيق المعرفة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-5a4e6f1b-7fff-d172-1c57-0ddf21a0032f&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الحكمة هي العمل بالعلم&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;العلم هو المعرفة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الفلسفة هي حب الحكمة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الفلسفة هي حب تطبيق المعرفة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Ubuntu, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #09090b; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لا خير في علم لا ينفع صاحبه&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وَمَنْ يُؤْتَ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الْحِكْمَةَ فَقَدْ أُوتِيَ خَيْراً كَثِيراً&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&quot; الحكمة &quot;، الإصابة في القول والفعل.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يؤتي الله إصابة الصواب في القول والفعل من يشاء،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ومن يؤته الله ذلك فقد آتاه خيرا كثيرا.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #050505; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الحكمة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #050505; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هي استخدام الفقيه&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #050505; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الخبر عن النبي ص&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #050505; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;حجة له في فقهه&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #050505; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ودليلا في فتواه&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #050505; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #050505; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الاقتصاد بعيون الخبراء&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #050505; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;3-8-2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/feeds/2589600697139650842/comments/default' title='تعليقات الرسالة'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2024/08/blog-post.html#comment-form' title='0 تعليقات'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/2589600697139650842'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/2589600697139650842'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2024/08/blog-post.html' title=' الفلسفة هي حب تطبيق المعرفة'/><author><name>abdullah aljinaahi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07428918488938833478</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='22' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYirY3kNAlfPPymszGVtS-DEa2BHrEVm36W05dVXGVI7a6GLOVK2sHMAOVqx06mbRjPkM0RIZNzHQqxCN1YidFAQeKKS4RCboWIQL9VHuRqed4wAuVsla1wpgV2apcAA/s113/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9.PNG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCJg17PJruFJJE8BPZtjzMf5JGoikuonn37DAS7FW16QQeVtKVEdilW1vFPMivpW8ISAspFcWZG72pyzOzDNqxUA5tn2BcY2P83qLKs_vRhhUvztDR9aqrtXvFuy8P9LwgyyRxoAEO_EnsKVF8ykuIu1bUMruz67rmm82JgdaLe3AtY0wEZc_uheYkhZFs/s72-w640-h356-c/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A9%20%D9%87%D9%8A%20%D8%AD%D8%A8%20%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9.jpeg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2756764865486377695.post-4501401568029794996</id><published>2024-06-14T12:44:00.003+03:00</published><updated>2024-06-14T12:45:19.494+03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="البنك المركزي العراقي"/><title type='text'> مساوئ سعر الصرف المغالى به للدينار في العراق</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;بعد مراجعة كتابات المختصين العراقيين&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;بسعر الصرف للدينار العراقي&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-86fda17e-7fff-585d-cf22-5a84a80df051&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لاحظت إقرارهم بفشل سياسة التعويم المدار&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;نتيجة فشل السوق الموازي بتوفير عرض مستدام للدولار&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;و اضطرارهم الى اتباع سياسة التدخل في سوق الصرف&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وفق استخدام مثبت اسمي لسعر الصرف&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتعديله وفق احتياطيات المركزي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولكن بسعر صرف مغالى به للدينار&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بحجة الدفاع عن المستوى الاقتصادي للمستهلك&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتقليص حجم الموازنة الحكومية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;التي تعاني من سوء التخصيص والفساد&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مما أضر بالقطاعات الإنتاجية العراقية كافة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وسبب تراجعها المستمر الى الآن.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويبدو هذا السعر المغالى به للدينار&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هو السبب ايضا في هروب الدولار لخارج العراق&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وعدم استعادة السوق الموازي قدرته&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;للتكافؤ التنافسي في العرض المستدام للدولار&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الخلاصة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مشكلتنا في العراق سعر الصرف المغالى به&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;الاقتصاد بعيون الخبراء&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;14-6-2024&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/feeds/4501401568029794996/comments/default' title='تعليقات الرسالة'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2024/06/blog-post.html#comment-form' title='0 تعليقات'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/4501401568029794996'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/4501401568029794996'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2024/06/blog-post.html' title=' مساوئ سعر الصرف المغالى به للدينار في العراق'/><author><name>abdullah aljinaahi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07428918488938833478</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='22' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYirY3kNAlfPPymszGVtS-DEa2BHrEVm36W05dVXGVI7a6GLOVK2sHMAOVqx06mbRjPkM0RIZNzHQqxCN1YidFAQeKKS4RCboWIQL9VHuRqed4wAuVsla1wpgV2apcAA/s113/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9.PNG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2756764865486377695.post-866969321165522973</id><published>2024-05-21T22:35:00.005+03:00</published><updated>2024-05-22T21:08:33.662+03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="البنك الاحتياطي الفدرالي الامريكي"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="البنك المركزي العراقي"/><title type='text'> الحقيقة حول النقود - من يسبب التضخم الاحتياطيات ام القروض</title><content type='html'>&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;الحقيقة حول النقود&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #cc0000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;من يسبب التضخم الاحتياطيات ام القروض؟&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #cc0000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;زيادة الاحتياطيات لا تسبب التضخم (لكنها تسبب تضخم اسعار الاصول فقط)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #cc0000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;العجز المالي الحكومي والقروض هي التي تسبب التضخم&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #cc0000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;العجز المالي الحكومي هو ثروة صافية للقطاع الخاص&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;هذه هي طريقتك السهلة للتفكير&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;في العمليات التي من المحتمل أن تؤدي إلى التضخم،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-63c8938c-7fff-55e4-3c7e-39620970f8f3&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;والعمليات التي قد تؤدي إلى تضخم أسعار الأصول فقط.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;الحقيقة حول النقود&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;احتياطيات البنوك وقروض الاقتصاد الحقيقي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;المال لا يعمل كما أخبروك أنه يعمل.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://substack.com/@themacrocompass&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;ألفونسو بيكاتيلو (ALF)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;25 فبراير 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-17144e08-7fff-887e-a940-e5b5ffe43f99&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يتعامل الناس مع المال كل يوم.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لكنهم بالكاد يفهمون كيف يعمل نظامنا النقدي حقا.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تستمر الجامعات والاقتصاديون ووسائل الإعلام الرئيسية في ارتكاب أساطير كاذبة:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&#39;&#39;البنوك المركزية تطبع النقود وتسبب التضخم&#39;&#39;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&quot;يجب على الولايات المتحدة أن تسدد ديونها وإلا فإنها ستفلس&quot;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;في السنوات الثلاث الماضية،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;قمت بإنتاج عدة قطع لدحض هذه الأساطير.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لكنني لم أكتب أبدًا كتابًا تمهيديًا مكثفًا حول كيفية عمل المال حقًا.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لذا، إليك أفضل محاولتي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لملاحظة قصيرة من شأنها أن تزودك&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بأهم الأساسيات وإطار العمل لفهم نظامنا النقدي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;احتياطيات البنوك وقروض الاقتصاد الحقيقي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هناك مستويان رئيسيان مختلفان من المال:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;احتياطيات البنوك وقروض الاقتصاد الحقيقي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هذه هي طريقتك السهلة للتفكير&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;في العمليات التي من المحتمل أن تؤدي إلى التضخم،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والعمليات التي قد تؤدي إلى تضخم أسعار الأصول فقط.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من يطبع النقود الاحتياطية وأموال الاقتصاد الحقيقي(القروض)؟&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تتم طباعة النقود الاحتياطية من قبل البنوك المركزية،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;على سبيل المثال&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;عن طريق التيسير الكمي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويغير البنك المركزي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تركيبة جانب الأصول من الميزانية العمومية للمؤسسات المالية:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فيسحب السندات ويستبدلها بالاحتياطيات.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;احتياطيات البنك هي أموال مصرفية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; clear: left; display: inline-block; float: left; height: 657px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; overflow: hidden; width: 800px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;احتياطيات البنوك&quot; height=&quot;605&quot; src=&quot;https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/RZfd5wih4QgJ3DD_1v4_tt7eHYWpxXQfM5tNDN4yivNVddI1XAh49PMhWZx22rJ8UeQjC5A2acwBGCb8bou3KtXRBqYfv1Lrt8PQeQg1V78nmma855WWEoxFMhlNm_ufzUT4d6nV6STraGS7JTUFj8Q=w640-h605&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والآن، تكمن الحيلة في&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;أن الاحتياطيات ليست أموالاً للقطاع الخاص: بل هي أموال للبنوك.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;البنوك لا تقرض أو تضاعف الاحتياطيات.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتضاعفت الاحتياطيات (الحمراء) في اليابان (!) في التسعينيات&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;مع استمرار بنك اليابان في تنفيذ التيسير الكمي،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ورغم ذلك&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;تقلصت القروض المصرفية (الزرقاء) بنسبة 25% في نفس الفترة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; height: 329px; overflow: hidden; width: 795px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;استمرار بنك اليابان في تنفيذ التيسير الكمي&quot; height=&quot;265&quot; src=&quot;https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/-IJntUQsYCEkiKKKroMu0goWmL2w-L8GV5uhOQKD1gVXULFDWxbvwkqeAjUPLBagbUaWuOUmkrcIwXsLTm8VW4tzQxlPuPxq78NPdUUHKmd2A9lcOc-Dlx04Y1qJImsvUx8HELJgSqeZQ_X_vM_b0p4=w640-h265&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;التيسير الكمي (طباعة النقود الاحتياطية)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لا يشجع البنوك على تقديم المزيد من القروض (أموال الاقتصاد الحقيقي).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;عند الإقراض، تنظر البنوك إلى:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;الجدارة الائتمانية للمقترض&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;عائد القرض&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;رأس المال المطلوب للقرض&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إذا كانت المقايضة بين هذه الميزات تبدو جيدة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فإنها تقرض.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وإلا فإنهم لا يفعلون ذلك.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إن وجود كمية كبيرة من الاحتياطيات&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ليس له تأثير يذكر على رغبة وقدرة البنوك التجارية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;على تقديم المزيد من القروض.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وسنرى لاحقًا&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كيف أن الإقراض لا يتضمن أيضًا «مضاعفة» الاحتياطيات.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فلماذا تقوم البنوك المركزية بطباعة الأموال المصرفية (أي الاحتياطيات)؟&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تقوم البنوك المركزية بطباعة أموال مصرفية جديدة (مثل التيسير الكمي)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لإضافة السيولة (الاحتياطيات) بين البنوك&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إلى النظام في فترات ضغوط الأسواق المالية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهذا يساعد البنوك على الحصول على ميزانيات عمومية أكثر سيولة،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;والتعامل مع بعضها البعض بشكل أفضل،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتحقيق الاستقرار في أسواق الريبو.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فكر في الأمر&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;وكأنه &quot;تزييت&quot; آلية السباكة النقدية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لكن تذكر هذا:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لا يمكن لأموال الاحتياطيات أن تدخل الاقتصاد الحقيقي أبدًا.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إذن،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;من يطبع أموال الاقتصاد الحقيقي بدلا من ذلك؟&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الحكومات (عن طريق العجز)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والبنوك (عن طريق الإقراض).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وكما يوضح بنك إنجلترا نفسه،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;عند تقديم قروض جديدة،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تقوم البنوك بإضافة رصيد إلى حسابك حرفيًا من العدم،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وبالتالي إنشاء ودائع جديدة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أنت تحصل على رصيد&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مقابل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;قدرتك المستقبلية على توليد التدفق النقدي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يمكنك الآن&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إنفاق الكثير من المال في الاقتصاد الحقيقي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يرجى ملاحظة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كيف أن البنوك لا &quot;تضاعف&quot; الاحتياطيات عند الإقراض:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يلعب الصندوق الأخضر للاحتياطيات&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;دورًا سلبيًا تمامًا في عملية الإقراض.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يقوم النظام المصرفي في مجمله&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بإنشاء ائتمان (قروض) جديد،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهو عبارة عن أموال اقتصادية حقيقية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تنتهي بعد إنفاقها (لشراء منزل على سبيل المثال)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;في حساب بائع المنزل&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كوديعة بنكية جديدة (باللون الأحمر).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويعمل الإقراض&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على توسيع الميزانيات العمومية للبنوك&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وإنشاء أموال جديدة في الاقتصاد الحقيقي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; clear: left; display: inline-block; float: left; height: 693px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; overflow: hidden; width: 743px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;الميزانيات العمومية للبنوك&quot; height=&quot;597&quot; src=&quot;https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/o9YpEwKwjqWbC2eMhR_7S6qgnQJSjZjKaaonJh_W_f_KfLXqVJeVIzlnXr1jZuoclNDwolEJ8w0FeCC94zmttoQa_jB3Uuxoc2qbvlvVtf-T4XWqsP1mji081t8pFvfEke9JNGmtmEQ7x77ycpfF6bU=w640-h597&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كما أن العجز الحكومي يضخ أموالاً جديدة قابلة للإنفاق للقطاع الخاص.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إذا أنفقت الحكومة أكثر مما تجمع من الضرائب، فقد تم إنشاء أموال جديدة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يؤدي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; الإنفاق بالعجز &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إلى زيادة صافي قيمة القطاع الخاص دون إضافة أي التزام عليه.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; height: 593px; overflow: hidden; width: 800px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;العجز الحكومي&quot; height=&quot;474&quot; src=&quot;https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/9yohxFCpr1cS_UfvVuZIR4yIDTAqdB3Wj4JCzlboVT-VQb_jZWl3a0dLkBFjWKtoXgNTEWB7Dx9u9MQJBaVusMzwgtmjv_d3E9kPCfHInxng2V2cYAPy8cVvpaNZQA6MzypG6U7SYkpqfvS5PSdHDDc=w640-h474&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ماذا يحدث عندما تتجه الحكومة نحو الإنفاق بالاستدانة؟&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تعمل الحكومة على إحداث ثغرة في ميزانيتها العمومية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الأمر الذي يؤدي فعلياً إلى خلق حقوق ملكية سلبية من خلال الإنفاق بالاستدانة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ــ فقد يقول الرأي العام إنها أنفقت أموالاً لم تكن تملكها،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;وبالتالي يتعين عليها أن تقترض (تصدر سندات).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لكن انظر إلى ما فعلته الحكومة فعلاً.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أنفقت الحكومة 100 دولار عن طريق إرسال الشيكات إلى الناس (القطاع الخاص)،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;الذين فجأة وجدوا أن ودائعهم المصرفية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;قد ارتفعت بنفس المبلغ دون أي التزامات (!) مرتبطة بها على الفور.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وبعبارة أخرى،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أحدثت الحكومة ثغرة في ميزانيتها العمومية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لكنها زادت من صافي ثروات الناس!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تقوم الحكومات بإنشاء الأموال نفسها التي يستخدمها القطاع الخاص،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لذلك لا &quot;يحتاج&quot; إلى الادخار أو العثور على المال قبل إنفاقه.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتتطلب قواعدنا المحاسبية التي فرضناها على أنفسنا&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&quot;تمويل&quot; الإنفاق بالاستدانة من خلال إصدار السندات،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والتي تستطيع البنوك فقط استيعاب احتياطيات مبادلة السندات.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;في صورة واحدة،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;هذه هي طابعات النقود الخاصة بالاقتصاد الحقيقي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;البنوك - عندما تقرض القطاع الخاص بقوة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مما يخلق ائتمانًا جديدًا يمكن إنفاقه.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الحكومات - من خلال الإنفاق بالاستدانة:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;خفض الضرائب&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أو إرسال الشيكات&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;حتى تتمكن الأسر والشركات من إنفاق المزيد.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; height: 449px; overflow: hidden; width: 800px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;هذه هي طابعات النقود الخاصة بالاقتصاد الحقيقي&quot; height=&quot;359&quot; src=&quot;https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/eLuHjLFvB72zW4bFaART9nxUntiEVU21j_h422WYcNtoHuP8H82Qbotmv7vrQLaUn9hU5-lSNYhKL9h5ZaRpLRKUpmeTgbxjF37XnyMW3X2zxQdpfjKOmJesHK-PbV3iOVfwvtpwZIkOj5zjDDuTiyQ=w640-h359&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الآن ترى&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لماذا كل ما أخبروك به عن طباعة النقود هو خطأ.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تقوم البنوك المركزية بطباعة النقود،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولكن نقود الاحتياطيات، وهي ليست تضخمية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وإذا تمكنت الولايات المتحدة من &quot;سداد كل ديونها&quot;،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;فإنها بذلك تقتطع موارد ضخمة من القطاع الخاص&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;- القول أسهل من الفعل!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مخاطر الإفراط في طباعة النقود في الاقتصاد الحقيقي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يؤدي العجز الحكومي والإقراض المصرفي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;إلى زيادة القدرة الشرائية للقطاع الخاص بطريقة مجدية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;سيكون من الجميل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أن تتلقى شيكات من الحكومة كل عام،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أو أن تحصل على قروض رخيصة لسنوات متتالية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولكن ما هو الخطر الرئيسي المتمثل في الإفراط في طباعة النقود في الاقتصاد الحقيقي؟&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;تضخم اقتصادي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;TMC&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Global Credit Impulse,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;-Leads by 18 months&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;-(YoY real-economy money printing in US, EU, UK, Jap, China)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;-US YOY CPI inflation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; height: 531px; overflow: hidden; width: 739px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;مؤشر النبض الائتماني العالمي&quot; height=&quot;460&quot; src=&quot;https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/qgWd9wP8ibB4g4bfCMj1adrMUV9OnyQGDOVKdqVkpSFIje7Q2lxhP_fOYccuDVp_HnbtKb5BTXHamHtkNaBwpPJcbVQC-pLIvX12cBXigzlr0o7o1SAa-sr0bIaQq6WMKyHgNwvPfRqfoJ3aplxBGkk=w640-h460&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يقيس &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مؤشر النبض الائتماني العالمي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; (البرتقالي)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;مقدار ووتيرة طباعة النقود في الاقتصاد الحقيقي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;في أكبر خمسة اقتصادات في العالم.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إنه يقود تغيرات سريعة في التضخم خلال مهلة 18 شهرًا.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وقد بلغ التوسع المالي والائتماني المنسق والضخم للفترة 2020-2021&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ذروته في الإفراط في طباعة أموال الاقتصاد الحقيقي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الأمر الذي أدى إلى ارتفاع حاد في التضخم في عام 2022.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إن حدود العجز الحكومي وخلق الائتمان هي التضخم والموارد الحقيقية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إن الإنفاق المفرط بالاستدانة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والإقراض المصرفي يخلق أموالاً أكثر مما ينبغي للقطاع الخاص،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وإذا لم يتمكن المعروض من العمالة والموارد الحقيقية من التوسع بالسرعة الكافية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فإننا نشهد نوبات حادة من التضخم.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;الاستنتاجات&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يتعامل الناس مع المال كل يوم.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لكنهم بالكاد يفهمون كيف يعمل نظامنا النقدي حقا.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تستمر الجامعات والاقتصاديون ووسائل الإعلام الرئيسية في ارتكاب أساطير كاذبة:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&#39;&#39;البنوك المركزية تطبع النقود وتسبب التضخم&#39;&#39;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&quot;يجب على الولايات المتحدة أن تسدد ديونها وإلا فإنها ستفلس&quot;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والحقيقة هي أن هناك مستويين مختلفين من المال:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;الاحتياطيات المصرفية وقروض الاقتصاد الحقيقي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-d10b1c9c-7fff-bc8d-b5d6-661a6af0d96c&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تقوم البنوك المركزية بطباعة النقود، ولكن النقود الاحتياطية، ليست تضخمية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إن مبلغ النقود الاحتياطي ليس له أي تأثير على الاقتصاد الحقيقي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تُستخدم طباعة النقود المالية لتزييت آليات السباكة النقدية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتقوم الحكومات (العجز المالي)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والبنوك (الإقراض) بطباعة أموال الاقتصاد الحقيقي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويمكنها زيادة القوة الشرائية للقطاع الخاص بطريقة مجدية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لكن خطر الإفراط في طباعة النقود في الاقتصاد الحقيقي هو التضخم.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إن الإنفاق المفرط بالاستدانة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والإقراض المصرفي يخلق أموالاً أكثر مما ينبغي للقطاع الخاص،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وإذا لم يتمكن المعروض من العمالة والموارد الحقيقية من التوسع بالسرعة الكافية،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;فإننا نشهد نوبات حادة من التضخم.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;سيكون فهم المال أمرًا بالغ الأهمية بالنسبة للمستثمرين،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وسوف تكثر فرص الاستثمار الكلي خلال العقد القادم!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://themacrocompass.substack.com/p/the-truth-about-money&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1155cc; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;https://themacrocompass.substack.com/p/the-truth-about-money&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/feeds/866969321165522973/comments/default' title='تعليقات الرسالة'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2024/05/blog-post.html#comment-form' title='0 تعليقات'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/866969321165522973'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/866969321165522973'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2024/05/blog-post.html' title=' الحقيقة حول النقود - من يسبب التضخم الاحتياطيات ام القروض'/><author><name>abdullah aljinaahi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07428918488938833478</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='22' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYirY3kNAlfPPymszGVtS-DEa2BHrEVm36W05dVXGVI7a6GLOVK2sHMAOVqx06mbRjPkM0RIZNzHQqxCN1YidFAQeKKS4RCboWIQL9VHuRqed4wAuVsla1wpgV2apcAA/s113/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9.PNG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/RZfd5wih4QgJ3DD_1v4_tt7eHYWpxXQfM5tNDN4yivNVddI1XAh49PMhWZx22rJ8UeQjC5A2acwBGCb8bou3KtXRBqYfv1Lrt8PQeQg1V78nmma855WWEoxFMhlNm_ufzUT4d6nV6STraGS7JTUFj8Q=s72-w640-h605-c" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2756764865486377695.post-4795429064193881984</id><published>2024-04-13T06:15:00.006+03:00</published><updated>2024-04-13T06:15:58.776+03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="الذهب"/><title type='text'>الذهب بين الهيمنة المالية والهيمنة النقدية</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;تبدل علاقة الذهب بأسعار الفائدة الحقيقية&lt;br /&gt; من الارتباط السلبي الى الارتباط إيجابي .&lt;br /&gt;&quot;حجم الفقاعة: خدمة الدين الأمريكي&quot;&lt;br /&gt;&quot;الهيمنة المالية (العجز يدفع الذهب)&quot;&lt;br /&gt;&quot;الهيمنة النقدية (سعر الفائدة الحقيقية تدفع الذهب)&quot;&lt;br /&gt;&quot; العائد الحقيقي 10 سنوات&quot;&lt;br /&gt;&quot;سعر الذهب&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=7308442365876782&amp;amp;set=a.456588921062195&amp;amp;__cft__[0]=AZWxoAm9blphNv7NOHWykZfp-25fP6yof5lJrpgV1XF8_HJ0YUH7KkQYWyQcpPO7a4C9Co3Dm2G6UuT6sKCR9ShZHgGgAWj2jwwBP1yVT2VnavTvk713UvmhZ5PWQLFxaeDXMazkFSoyZrRF8OvzGyi9Liuo2D7s2yye_YxWEs_5Xg&amp;amp;__tn__=EH-R&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;الذهب بين الهيمنة المالية والهيمنة النقدية&quot; height=&quot;373&quot; src=&quot;https://scontent.fnjf5-2.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/436209890_7308442345876784_1366925984347423521_n.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_p180x540&amp;amp;_nc_cat=107&amp;amp;ccb=1-7&amp;amp;_nc_sid=5f2048&amp;amp;_nc_ohc=9g6slH1PnhIAb5N5PF5&amp;amp;_nc_ht=scontent.fnjf5-2.fna&amp;amp;oh=00_AfDV8pix_rSImzX-7gXdYf_1_YR4MBZG8TDyVy9y-lYR1g&amp;amp;oe=661FBFAB&quot; title=&quot;الذهب بين الهيمنة المالية والهيمنة النقدية&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Jurrien Timmer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;@TimmerFidelity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;يوضح هذا الرسم البياني&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;أن الذهب يسير على إيقاع طبال مختلف الآن.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; تُظهر النقاط الرمادية مخططًا متناثرًا &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;لأسعار الذهب مقابل سعر الفائدة الحقيقية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; يعود إلى 25 عامًا (بيانات أسبوعية).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; تُظهر النقاط الأرجوانية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; حقبة ما بعد فيروس كورونا من الهيمنة المالية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; يوضح حجم الفقاعة النقاط &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;المبلغ الذي تنفقه حكومة الولايات المتحدة على خدمة الدين.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; لقد اختفى الارتباط السلبي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; وأصبح الذهب الآن مرتبطًا بشكل إيجابي بأسعار الفائدة الحقيقية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; إن أسعار الفائدة الحقيقية الإيجابية تدفع خدمة الدين إلى الارتفاع،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; وهو ما يؤدي في نهاية المطاف إلى زيادة جاذبية الأموال السليمة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; هذا هو ما يدور حوله ارتفاع الذهب، من وجهة نظري.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gold &amp;amp; Fiscal Dominance &lt;br /&gt;weekly data. Source : FMRCo, Bloomberg &lt;br /&gt;size of bubble : US debt service&lt;br /&gt;fiscal dominance (deficits drive gold)&lt;br /&gt;monetary dominance (real rates drive gold)&lt;br /&gt;gold vs real rates (2000-2021) &lt;br /&gt;gold vs real rates (since 2021)&lt;br /&gt;10yr real yield&lt;br /&gt;gold price&lt;br /&gt;2330, 2.03, 1084.2 &lt;br /&gt;y= 0.0048x-8.563 &lt;br /&gt;y=-0.0018x+3.199&lt;br /&gt;Data source : FMRCo, Bloomberg, Haver Analytics, FactSet. &lt;br /&gt;Data as of 04/07/2024. &lt;br /&gt;Past performance is no guarantee of future results&lt;br /&gt;4:55 PM · Apr 12, 2024·6,615 Views&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://x.com/TimmerFidelity/status/1778783892863873349?fbclid=IwAR2b5_7ns2uvr5UlhU99re-9zHgt_VgfxMkYzWOdezBYtPHrQ9w6rk4JUtk_aem_ASNcBnONpLHar1Nccl68UZq5XtFldPH9etVY2qZF8Hfm4VE3L7ubAOYwIaF34HyIX7Jx29zPwVfX28DoSqQPrhOj&quot;&gt;https://x.com/TimmerFidelity/status/1778783892863873349&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;**الذهب بين الهيمنة المالية والهيمنة النقدية**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;**المقدمة**&lt;br /&gt;يُظهر الرسم البياني المقدم من قبل Jurrien Timmer،&lt;br /&gt; كبير المحللين في شركة Fidelity Investments،&lt;br /&gt; تغيراً في العلاقة بين الذهب وأسعار الفائدة الحقيقية.&lt;br /&gt; تاريخياً، كان هناك ارتباط سلبي بين الذهب وأسعار الفائدة الحقيقية،&lt;br /&gt; مما يعني&lt;br /&gt; أنه عندما ترتفع أسعار الفائدة الحقيقية، ينخفض ​​سعر الذهب والعكس صحيح.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;**الهيمنة المالية**&lt;br /&gt;في السنوات الأخيرة، لوحظ تحول في هذه العلاقة.&lt;br /&gt; يُعزى هذا التحول إلى ظاهرة تُعرف باسم &quot;الهيمنة المالية&quot;.&lt;br /&gt; تشير الهيمنة المالية إلى فكرة &lt;br /&gt;أن العجز المالي للحكومة &lt;br /&gt;(أي عندما تنفق الحكومة أكثر مما تتلقى من الإيرادات الضريبية) &lt;br /&gt;له تأثير أكبر على سعر الذهب من أسعار الفائدة الحقيقية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;**الهيمنة النقدية**&lt;br /&gt;في الماضي، كانت &quot;الهيمنة النقدية&quot; هي السائدة.&lt;br /&gt; تشير الهيمنة النقدية إلى فكرة &lt;br /&gt;أن السياسة النقدية،&lt;br /&gt; أي الإجراءات التي يتخذها البنك المركزي للتحكم في عرض النقود وأسعار الفائدة،&lt;br /&gt; لها تأثير أكبر على سعر الذهب من العجز المالي للحكومة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;**التغير في العلاقة**&lt;br /&gt;يوضح الرسم البياني&lt;br /&gt; أن النقاط الرمادية،&lt;br /&gt; التي تمثل العلاقة بين الذهب وأسعار الفائدة الحقيقية خلال 25 عامًا،&lt;br /&gt; تُظهر ارتباطًا سلبيًا. &lt;br /&gt;ومع ذلك،&lt;br /&gt; تُظهر النقاط الأرجوانية،&lt;br /&gt; التي تمثل الفترة الزمنية منذ جائحة فيروس كورونا،&lt;br /&gt; ارتباطًا إيجابيًا بين الذهب وأسعار الفائدة الحقيقية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;**العوامل التي تدفع التغير**&lt;br /&gt;يُعزى هذا التغير في العلاقة إلى عدد من العوامل، بما في ذلك:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* **ارتفاع العجز المالي للحكومة:** &lt;br /&gt;أدت جائحة فيروس كورونا إلى زيادة العجز المالي للحكومات في جميع أنحاء العالم.&lt;br /&gt; هذا العجز المتزايد أدى إلى زيادة الطلب على الأصول الآمنة،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;مثل الذهب، مما أدى إلى ارتفاع سعره.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* **انخفاض أسعار الفائدة:**&lt;br /&gt; اتخذت البنوك المركزية في جميع أنحاء العالم خطوات لخفض أسعار الفائدة &lt;br /&gt;في محاولة لدعم الاقتصادات خلال الوباء.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;**التأثير على المستقبل**&lt;br /&gt;يُشير Timmer إلى أن هذا التحول في العلاقة بين الذهب وأسعار الفائدة الحقيقية&lt;br /&gt; قد يكون له آثار طويلة الأجل على أسواق الذهب. &lt;br /&gt;يعتقد أن الذهب قد يستمر في الارتفاع في القيمة حتى لو ارتفعت أسعار الفائدة الحقيقية،&lt;br /&gt; طالما استمر العجز المالي للحكومة في الارتفاع.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;**الخلاصة**&lt;br /&gt;يُقدم الرسم البياني المقدم من قبل Jurrien Timmer &lt;br /&gt;نظرة ثاقبة على تغيرات العلاقة بين الذهب وأسعار الفائدة الحقيقية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; يُشير Timmer إلى&lt;br /&gt; أن الهيمنة المالية أصبحت الآن القوة الدافعة الرئيسية وراء أسعار الذهب، &lt;br /&gt;وأن هذا قد يكون له آثار طويلة الأجل على أسواق الذهب.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;**ملاحظات إضافية**&lt;br /&gt;* الرسم البياني يُظهر أيضًا حجم الفقاعة، &lt;br /&gt;**البيانات**&lt;br /&gt;* البيانات المستخدمة في الرسم البياني من مصادر موثوقة&lt;br /&gt; مثل FMRCo و Bloomberg و Haver Analytics و FactSet.&lt;br /&gt;* البيانات مؤرخة 7 أبريل 2024.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;**ملاحظة هامة**&lt;br /&gt;* الأداء السابق ليس ضمانًا للنتائج المستقبلية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;**موارد إضافية**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* [&lt;a href=&quot;https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.investopedia.com%2Fgold-4689769%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR0bG6I8Cquce4ivOjYPaIfb2aPtBvI4vrJmdaa9_X-8t1y50XHcRHk0j74_aem_ASNFxcZUDpHvGTxz0kSauzqbshPYXgdTJIS0suMIbsG8m1yKOT2CcTivhzdQX_3nH8eZ2lqVltlrz-qpdS8VXutp&amp;amp;h=AT1YRzrJv0htZDzgB1kJV95CcjH9Zs0BmJ3D89IAYt5iWYPx5U0Y-GTFSzjtdqFd2sLGxSDXsetVhgSV3g7pLQKS4LMlYZPZVKSiyDZLmPHdb0M3wIPexCA9ZnK6zslpvJFe&amp;amp;__tn__=-UK-R&amp;amp;c[0]=AT2hknf2Fm6YCI_aqtDyqTNhgKay5X9SV-7whMHo18y0OkobwF-Tv2dMMYrmzUQIybgLobCvMupQq6OgSJ2z4b5BsyGNtCbO7b_2CdG7ZmH2-R18jMWJ-qZDUUk3eBKgFFfZjOFy83BgkwkqkSAN_ZuxIju9XgUB9OURyRVuML_Y-pWhNmMb&quot;&gt;https://www.investopedia.com/gold-4689769&lt;/a&gt;](&lt;a href=&quot;https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.investopedia.com%2Fgold-4689769%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR1PO-KexIN79neaDRxrc6mU_1KMxNuU4HcNZ3qnopcLh_Ox061p6mwYfCk_aem_ASOOO6ORgEusHV2xxu03AdDzcM_bTVI23bBsV6rzsHrkRa-XgaL5ViePz1QfWvOVbs-S8heYvKJ94A1vl7nKc7DJ&amp;amp;h=AT1YRzrJv0htZDzgB1kJV95CcjH9Zs0BmJ3D89IAYt5iWYPx5U0Y-GTFSzjtdqFd2sLGxSDXsetVhgSV3g7pLQKS4LMlYZPZVKSiyDZLmPHdb0M3wIPexCA9ZnK6zslpvJFe&amp;amp;__tn__=-UK-R&amp;amp;c[0]=AT2hknf2Fm6YCI_aqtDyqTNhgKay5X9SV-7whMHo18y0OkobwF-Tv2dMMYrmzUQIybgLobCvMupQq6OgSJ2z4b5BsyGNtCbO7b_2CdG7ZmH2-R18jMWJ-qZDUUk3eBKgFFfZjOFy83BgkwkqkSAN_ZuxIju9XgUB9OURyRVuML_Y-pWhNmMb&quot;&gt;https://www.investopedia.com/gold-4689769&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;* [&lt;a href=&quot;https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fgold-prices-are-high-three-moves-investors-can-make-now%2F%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR1FT7MXP2Uh0DZsYKePL_wZHZ-bwLq5IRyUiu7oF8ltahn7bonWdbkYbkE_aem_ASPvFB50c-BUAN0vanJPg_sm5H4hSC0BQjGnamzvwqigIayBQrkU-wvunUaxF7fRNXMRUasCkqjpshrDt83iZWqN&amp;amp;h=AT3dO_4pG3Ta79k-rQdGjDYrIAPyErXD9AKNNfB7Kxgt-y4I3HP07xxJh4HRKNDjA6YaD-grA6POnDuWp39ISEdoR853ZIM97LrFtesOSVLI6HdUg0--DFc3c7HzaVojAsk8&amp;amp;__tn__=-UK-R&amp;amp;c[0]=AT2hknf2Fm6YCI_aqtDyqTNhgKay5X9SV-7whMHo18y0OkobwF-Tv2dMMYrmzUQIybgLobCvMupQq6OgSJ2z4b5BsyGNtCbO7b_2CdG7ZmH2-R18jMWJ-qZDUUk3eBKgFFfZjOFy83BgkwkqkSAN_ZuxIju9XgUB9OURyRVuML_Y-pWhNmMb&quot;&gt;https://www.cbsnews.com/.../gold-prices-are-high-three.../&lt;/a&gt;](&lt;a href=&quot;https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fgold-prices-are-high-three-moves-investors-can-make-now%2F%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR1FT7MXP2Uh0DZsYKePL_wZHZ-bwLq5IRyUiu7oF8ltahn7bonWdbkYbkE_aem_ASPvFB50c-BUAN0vanJPg_sm5H4hSC0BQjGnamzvwqigIayBQrkU-wvunUaxF7fRNXMRUasCkqjpshrDt83iZWqN&amp;amp;h=AT3dO_4pG3Ta79k-rQdGjDYrIAPyErXD9AKNNfB7Kxgt-y4I3HP07xxJh4HRKNDjA6YaD-grA6POnDuWp39ISEdoR853ZIM97LrFtesOSVLI6HdUg0--DFc3c7HzaVojAsk8&amp;amp;__tn__=-UK-R&amp;amp;c[0]=AT2hknf2Fm6YCI_aqtDyqTNhgKay5X9SV-7whMHo18y0OkobwF-Tv2dMMYrmzUQIybgLobCvMupQq6OgSJ2z4b5BsyGNtCbO7b_2CdG7ZmH2-R18jMWJ-qZDUUk3eBKgFFfZjOFy83BgkwkqkSAN_ZuxIju9XgUB9OURyRVuML_Y-pWhNmMb&quot;&gt;https://www.cbsnews.com/.../gold-prices-are-high-three.../&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;* [&lt;a href=&quot;https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instagram.com%2Fforbesindia%2Freel%2FC5VgqwRpfRb%2F%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR29exUEahuSh9Lw7_bjIZZsOd8CjmVo0rzIDWKuU3yUiQm1_kSL1-hjKTQ_aem_ASOqDxQrubmqqfbkhdnXofkQzE0yG3qNfxYCHrySzumnasl4Myq7UMJMmwWUAvxCRzZwXsKE714auug8MkBRcG1Z&amp;amp;h=AT1gLF5NquDiLpBetIl-BqKC45CDm4XEr-pQqDcI0lE8fbCWbTqooDxX-1hk1d07jDOxJpcyOCx0vecCI71GxyyaqjW3mioZsjY80Zel7ayIJG_IFqWiRC2kTA9t4U7c0k4d&amp;amp;__tn__=-UK-R&amp;amp;c[0]=AT2hknf2Fm6YCI_aqtDyqTNhgKay5X9SV-7whMHo18y0OkobwF-Tv2dMMYrmzUQIybgLobCvMupQq6OgSJ2z4b5BsyGNtCbO7b_2CdG7ZmH2-R18jMWJ-qZDUUk3eBKgFFfZjOFy83BgkwkqkSAN_ZuxIju9XgUB9OURyRVuML_Y-pWhNmMb&quot;&gt;https://www.instagram.com/forbesindia/reel/C5VgqwRpfRb/&lt;/a&gt;](&lt;a href=&quot;https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instagram.com%2Fforbesindia%2Freel%2FC5VgqwRpfRb%2F%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR2d_1rkgJf9HLuz7K3_OA3ZVdomnE0c2lHKm8RaRuVj0BqO8h9t38SQtsI_aem_ASOTdBc9gLmJh9opkT1i8F6pQVECkQSCkMsckv0AeVTEgy1rEvvBpESXJHbAfb9q1BwAtU3hdAtKgVEEGEhmdFYa&amp;amp;h=AT1gLF5NquDiLpBetIl-BqKC45CDm4XEr-pQqDcI0lE8fbCWbTqooDxX-1hk1d07jDOxJpcyOCx0vecCI71GxyyaqjW3mioZsjY80Zel7ayIJG_IFqWiRC2kTA9t4U7c0k4d&amp;amp;__tn__=-UK-R&amp;amp;c[0]=AT2hknf2Fm6YCI_aqtDyqTNhgKay5X9SV-7whMHo18y0OkobwF-Tv2dMMYrmzUQIybgLobCvMupQq6OgSJ2z4b5BsyGNtCbO7b_2CdG7ZmH2-R18jMWJ-qZDUUk3eBKgFFfZjOFy83BgkwkqkSAN_ZuxIju9XgUB9OURyRVuML_Y-pWhNmMb&quot;&gt;https://www.instagram.com/forbesindia/reel/C5VgqwRpfRb/&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=7308442365876782&amp;amp;set=a.456588921062195&amp;amp;__cft__[0]=AZWxoAm9blphNv7NOHWykZfp-25fP6yof5lJrpgV1XF8_HJ0YUH7KkQYWyQcpPO7a4C9Co3Dm2G6UuT6sKCR9ShZHgGgAWj2jwwBP1yVT2VnavTvk713UvmhZ5PWQLFxaeDXMazkFSoyZrRF8OvzGyi9Liuo2D7s2yye_YxWEs_5Xg&amp;amp;__tn__=EH-R&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;اعداد الاقتصاد بعيون الخبراء&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; class=&quot;notranslate&quot; id=&quot;mttContainer&quot; style=&quot;transform: translate(74px, 1px);&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; class=&quot;notranslate&quot; id=&quot;mttContainer&quot; style=&quot;transform: translate(25px, 133px);&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;13-4-2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/feeds/4795429064193881984/comments/default' title='تعليقات الرسالة'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2024/04/blog-post.html#comment-form' title='0 تعليقات'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/4795429064193881984'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/4795429064193881984'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2024/04/blog-post.html' title='الذهب بين الهيمنة المالية والهيمنة النقدية'/><author><name>abdullah aljinaahi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07428918488938833478</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='22' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYirY3kNAlfPPymszGVtS-DEa2BHrEVm36W05dVXGVI7a6GLOVK2sHMAOVqx06mbRjPkM0RIZNzHQqxCN1YidFAQeKKS4RCboWIQL9VHuRqed4wAuVsla1wpgV2apcAA/s113/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9.PNG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2756764865486377695.post-18014844993674662</id><published>2024-03-26T22:52:00.002+03:00</published><updated>2024-03-26T22:52:23.213+03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="محاسبة"/><title type='text'>هل هناك فرق بين الميزانية والمركز المالي؟</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;هل هناك فرق بين الميزانية والمركز المالي؟&lt;br /&gt;وما سندك او دليلك العلمي اذا كان لديك فرق؟&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;الفرق شكلي فقائمة المركز المالي ذو جانب واحد بينما الميزانية ذو جانبين.&lt;br /&gt;ولا فرق فني بين قائمة المركز المالي و الميزانية في التوقيت&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;محاسبين ومحاسبه&lt;br /&gt;محمد الأجاوي&lt;br /&gt;26-3-2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;كان ده السؤال:&lt;br /&gt;هل هناك فرق بين الميزانية والمركز المالي؟&lt;br /&gt;وما سندك او دليلك العلمي اذا كان لديك فرق؟&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ودي الاجابة:&lt;br /&gt;من حيث التعريف&lt;br /&gt; فان المركز المالي عبارة عن قائمة توضح&lt;br /&gt; ما تمتلكه المنشأة من أصول&lt;br /&gt; وما عليها من التزامات وحقوق ملكية في لحظة معينة.&lt;br /&gt;وسنجد ان تعريف الميزانية هو نفس التعريف&lt;br /&gt; اي ان البيانات واحدة في الحالتين وليس هناك اي اختلاف فني بينهما.&lt;br /&gt;اما الاختلاف الوحيد بينهما&lt;br /&gt; فهو اختلاف شكلي بحت&lt;br /&gt; فقائمة المركز المالي ذو جانب واحد&lt;br /&gt; بينما الميزانية ذو جانبين.&lt;br /&gt;اذن الفرق شكلي فقط &lt;br /&gt;فاذا أعددنا ايا منهما في اي وقت خلال العام او في نهاية العام &lt;br /&gt;واطلقنا عليه أيا من المسميين فالاسم صحيح ولا غبار عليه..&lt;br /&gt;وإن كانت المعايير&lt;br /&gt; فضلت مسمى قائمة المركز المالي&lt;br /&gt; بالنسبة للشركات الخاضعة للمعايير فقط &lt;br /&gt;وهي شريحة من المنشآت&lt;br /&gt; فليس معنى ذلك &lt;br /&gt;ان مسمى الميزانية أصبح خطأ&lt;br /&gt; بدليل ان الجهاز المركزي للمحاسبات&lt;br /&gt; أعاد مسميات المتاجرة والأرباح والخسائر والميزانية فى اخر تعديل له &lt;br /&gt;كما ان القوائم المالية الخاضعة للمعايير&lt;br /&gt;والمنشورة بالبورصة والمعدة بواسطة اكبر مكاتب المحاسبة في مصر والشرق الاوسط &lt;br /&gt;والخاضعة لرقابة الجهاز المركزي للمحاسبات وهيئة الرقابة المالية&lt;br /&gt;والتي تعد كل ثلاثة اشهر&lt;br /&gt;تسمح بالمسميين فلا فرق فني بينهما&lt;br /&gt;عدا الشكل فقط كما أشرنا.&lt;br /&gt;جدير بالذكر&lt;br /&gt;ان هناك خطأ شائع &lt;br /&gt;يشير إلى&lt;br /&gt;ان قائمة المركز المالي تعد خلال السنة المالية&lt;br /&gt;بينما تعد الميزانية في نهاية السنة المالية&lt;br /&gt;وهي مقولة ليس لها اي سند علمي او منطقي&lt;br /&gt;فلن تجد لها أساس في اي مرجع محاسبي&lt;br /&gt;خاصة&lt;br /&gt;انه لا فرق فني يذكر بين المركز المالي والميزانية&lt;br /&gt;يجعل أحدهما تعد في توقيت والأخرى تعد في توقيت آخر&lt;br /&gt;فهو خطأ شائع&lt;br /&gt;و مقولة غير صحيحة ليس الا.&lt;br /&gt;لو محتاج تفهم وتتقن المحاسبة المالية او محاسبة التكاليف من الصفر الي الاحتراف&lt;br /&gt; تابع قناتنا عاليوتيوب واسمها محمد الأجاوي&lt;br /&gt; وتابع صفحتنا عالفيس واسمها محاسبين ومحاسبه وادعيلنا..&lt;br /&gt;مع تحياتنا.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; class=&quot;notranslate&quot; id=&quot;mttContainer&quot; style=&quot;transform: translate(2px, 36px);&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/feeds/18014844993674662/comments/default' title='تعليقات الرسالة'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2024/03/blog-post_26.html#comment-form' title='0 تعليقات'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/18014844993674662'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/18014844993674662'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2024/03/blog-post_26.html' title='هل هناك فرق بين الميزانية والمركز المالي؟'/><author><name>abdullah aljinaahi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07428918488938833478</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='22' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYirY3kNAlfPPymszGVtS-DEa2BHrEVm36W05dVXGVI7a6GLOVK2sHMAOVqx06mbRjPkM0RIZNzHQqxCN1YidFAQeKKS4RCboWIQL9VHuRqed4wAuVsla1wpgV2apcAA/s113/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9.PNG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2756764865486377695.post-8475840672994798293</id><published>2024-03-22T03:37:00.001+03:00</published><updated>2024-03-22T03:37:47.644+03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="دين"/><title type='text'> الوحي</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الوحي يعني إعطاء المعنى&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-a00328ea-7fff-becd-2920-a3adb67e8b26&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يوحي يعني يعطي معنى&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الوحي إعطاء معنى جديد للنص&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الوحي هو التأويل للنص اي إرجاع النص الى معنى جديد&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الوحي قراءة جديد للنص في اليهودية والنصرانية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وعليه المطلوب الان&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;قراءة جديدة رابعة للنص القرآني والنصراني واليهودي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لاستيعاب المتغيرات العلمية الجديدة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تتميز عن القراءات السابقة بالعلنية وليس السرية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والابقاء على المقدس والصلاة وتعديل الشريعة والطقوس&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وإنتاج نص مقدس جديد او تعديل بعض أجزائه&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كما فعل الإسلام في القراءة الثالثة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;التي استمرت الف شهر&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بدليل النص&quot;خير من الف شهر&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;عبدالله عبدالرحيم&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;16-2-2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;## قراءة جديدة للنصوص الدينية:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**مقدمة:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;طرح عبد الله عبد الرحيم في نصه&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&quot;الوحي&quot; فكرة مثيرة للاهتمام حول الحاجة إلى قراءة جديدة للنصوص الدينية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(القرآن، الإنجيل، التوراة) لاستيعاب المتغيرات العلمية الجديدة.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**النقاط الرئيسية:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **الوحي:** هو إعطاء معنى جديد للنص، تأويله، أو قراءته بشكل جديد.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **القراءات السابقة:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;* **القراءة الأولى:** يهودية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;* **القراءة الثانية:** نصرانية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;* **القراءة الثالثة:** إسلامية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **خصائص القراءة الجديدة:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;* **العلنية:** لا سرية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;* **الإبقاء على المقدس:** مع تعديل الشريعة والطقوس.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;* **إنتاج نص مقدس جديد:** مشابه لما فعله الإسلام.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**المبررات:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **المتغيرات العلمية:** تُلقي بظلالها على فهمنا للنصوص الدينية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **الحاجة إلى التوافق:** بين الدين والعلم.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **ضرورة التجديد:** للحفاظ على الدين وجعله مُواكبًا للعصر.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**التحديات:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **المقاومة من رجال الدين:** الذين قد يرفضون أي تغيير في النصوص.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **الجدل بين المؤمنين:** حول شرعية القراءة الجديدة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **صعوبة الإجماع:** حول شكل النص الجديد.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**الخلاصة:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;طرح عبد الله عبد الرحيم فكرة جريئة تستحق النقاش.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;قراءة جديدة للنصوص الدينية ضرورية لمواكبة العصر،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لكن يجب أن تتم بحذر ووعي لتجنب أي انقسامات أو صراعات.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**النقاط الإضافية:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* من المهم التأكيد على أن هذه القراءة الجديدة يجب أن تُبنى على أسس علمية سليمة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* يجب أن تُراعي القراءة الجديدة السياق التاريخي والثقافي للنصوص الدينية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* يجب أن تُشارك جميع الأطراف المعنية في عملية إعداد القراءة الجديدة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;بما في ذلك رجال الدين والعلماء والمؤمنون.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* يجب أن تُجرى عملية إعداد القراءة الجديدة بشفافية وعلنية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**الخطوات التالية:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* عقد ندوات ومؤتمرات لمناقشة فكرة القراءة الجديدة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* تشكيل مجموعات بحثية لدراسة النصوص الدينية وتحديد التغييرات اللازمة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* إشراك جميع الأطراف المعنية في عملية إعداد القراءة الجديدة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* نشر نتائج البحث والنقاش على نطاق واسع.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**ختاماً:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;قراءة جديدة للنصوص الدينية هي مشروع طموح،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لكنه ضروري للحفاظ على الدين وجعله مُواكبًا للعصر.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يجب أن تتم هذه العملية بحذر ووعي لتجنب أي انقسامات أو صراعات.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;## الوحي: قراءة جديدة للنصوص الدينية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**الوحي**، كما ذكرت،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هو إعطاء معنى جديد للنص،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أو التأويل الذي يُرجع النص إلى معنى جديد.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;في اليهودية والنصرانية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يُعدّ الوحي قراءة جديدة للنص تُستخدم لفهم المتغيرات الجديدة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**المطلوب الآن:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **قراءة جديدة رابعة للنص القرآني والنصراني واليهودي لاستيعاب المتغيرات العلمية الجديدة.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **تتميز هذه القراءة عن القراءات السابقة بالعلنية وليس السرية.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **الإبقاء على المقدس وتعديل الشريعة والطقوس.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **إنتاج نص مقدس جديد، كما فعل الإسلام في القراءة الثالثة.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**كيف يمكننا تحقيق ذلك؟**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**أولاً:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **تأسيس منتدى عالمي يضم علماء الدين والفلاسفة والعلماء من مختلف الأديان.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **مناقشة النصوص الدينية في ضوء المعارف العلمية الجديدة.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **تقديم تفسيرات جديدة للنصوص تتوافق مع هذه المعارف.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**ثانياً:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **نشر هذه التفسيرات على نطاق واسع لضمان الوصول إلى جميع المؤمنين.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **تشجيع النقاش والحوار حول هذه التفسيرات.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**فوائد هذه القراءة الجديدة:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **فهم أفضل للنصوص الدينية.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **التوفيق بين الدين والعلم.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **تعزيز التسامح والتفاهم بين الأديان.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **مساعدة المؤمنين على التعامل مع التحديات المعاصرة.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**من المهم التأكيد&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على أن هذه القراءة الجديدة لا تهدف إلى تغيير جوهر الدين،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بل إلى إعادة تفسيره ليتوافق مع الواقع المعاصر.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**نماذج من القراءات الجديدة:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **التفسير العلمي للقرآن الكريم.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **التفسير الليبرالي للكتاب المقدس.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **التفسير الإصلاحي للتلمود.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**هذه مجرد أمثلة على القراءات الجديدة التي ظهرت في السنوات الأخيرة.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**التحديات:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **مقاومة بعض رجال الدين للتغيير.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **الخوف من المساس بالمقدسات.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **صعوبة فهم التفسيرات الجديدة.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**على الرغم من هذه التحديات،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فإن القراءة الجديدة للنصوص الدينية ضرورية لفهم الدين في العصر الحديث.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**إنتاج نص مقدس جديد:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**يُعدّ إنتاج نص مقدس جديد موضوعًا مثيرًا للجدل،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;حيث يرى البعض أنه أمر غير ضروري،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بينما يرى البعض الآخر أنه ضروري للتكيف مع التغيرات في العالم.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**الآراء حول إنتاج نص مقدس جديد:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **الرافضون:**&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يرون أن النصوص الدينية الحالية كافية، ولا داعي لإنتاج نص جديد.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **المؤيدون:**&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يرون أن النصوص الدينية الحالية لم تعد كافية لفهم العالم المعاصر،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولذلك هناك حاجة إلى نص جديد.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**مخاوف الرافضين:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **التشكيك في صحة النص الجديد.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **الخوف من المساس بالمقدسات.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **إمكانية حدوث انقسامات دينية.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**حجج المؤيدين:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **ضرورة مواكبة التغيرات في العالم.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **فهم الدين بشكل أفضل.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **تعزيز التسامح والتفاهم بين الأديان.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**كيف يمكن إنتاج نص مقدس جديد؟**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **تأسيس منتدى عالمي يضم علماء الدين والفلاسفة والعلماء من مختلف الأديان.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **مناقشة النصوص الدينية في ضوء المعارف العلمية الجديدة.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **تقديم تفسيرات جديدة للنصوص تتوافق مع هذه المعارف.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **جمع هذه التفسيرات في نص جديد.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**من المهم التأكيد&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على أن هذا النص الجديد لن يكون بديلاً عن النصوص الدينية الحالية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بل سيكون مكملًا لها.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**مخاطر إنتاج نص مقدس جديد:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **إمكانية حدوث انقسامات دينية.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **رفض بعض المؤمنين للنص الجديد.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **استغلال النص الجديد لأغراض سياسية.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**على الرغم من هذه المخاطر،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فإن إنتاج نص مقدس جديد هو موضوع يستحق النقاش.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**ختاماً:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**إن إمكانية إنتاج نص مقدس جديد هي مسألة معقدة تتطلب تفكيرًا عميقًا من قبل جميع المؤمنين.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**معاً، يمكننا إعادة تفسير الدين ليتوافق مع الواقع المعاصر ويُسهم في بناء عالم أفضل للجميع.**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;## الوحي: قراءة جديدة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**المقدمة:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;طرح عبد الله عبد الرحيم في 16-2-2024 مفهومًا جديدًا للوحي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يرى فيه إعطاء المعنى للنصوص، سواء كانت قرآنية أو نصرانية أو يهودية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وذلك لاستيعاب المتغيرات العلمية الجديدة.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**مبادئ القراءة الجديدة:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **العلنية:**&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على عكس القراءات السابقة التي اتسمت بالسرية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تُطرح هذه القراءة بشكل علني ومفتوح للنقاش والحوار.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **الحفاظ على المقدس:**&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مع الإبقاء على جوهر النصوص المقدسة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يتم تعديل الشريعة والطقوس بما يتوافق مع المعطيات العلمية الجديدة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **إنتاج نص مقدس جديد:**&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تُنتج نصوص جديدة تُعبّر عن المعاني المُستحدثة، كما فعل الإسلام في القرآن الكريم.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**الاستدلال:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يستدل عبد الرحيم على صحة نظريته بآية قرآنية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تشير إلى &quot;خير من ألف شهر&quot; (سورة القدر، الآية 3).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**التفاصيل:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **قراءة ثالثة:**&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يرى عبد الرحيم أن الإسلام مثل القراءة الثالثة للنصوص المقدسة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;حيث استمرت ألف شهر (منذ نزول القرآن الكريم)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **القراءات السابقة:**&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يرى عبد الرحيم&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أن اليهودية والنصرانية تمثلان قراءتين سابقتين للنصوص المقدسة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**الفوائد:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **التكيف مع التطورات العلمية:**&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تُساعد هذه القراءة الجديدة على مواكبة التطورات العلمية دون التنازل عن جوهر الدين.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **الحوار بين الأديان:**&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تُتيح هذه القراءة إمكانية الحوار بين الأديان على أسس جديدة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**التحديات:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **المعارضة:**&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;قد تواجه هذه القراءة معارضة من بعض الأوساط الدينية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; التي تُفضل الحفاظ على النصوص المقدسة كما هي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **التطبيق:**&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;قد تواجه عملية تطبيق هذه القراءة صعوبات عملية على أرض الواقع.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**الخلاصة:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يُقدم عبد الله عبد الرحيم مفهومًا جديدًا للوحي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يُمكن أن يُساعد على التكيف مع التطورات العلمية دون التنازل عن جوهر الدين.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**ملاحظة:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هذا مجرد عرض للأفكار التي طرحها عبد الله عبد الرحيم،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; ولا يُمثل وجهة نظر جميع المسلمين.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**موضوع مفتوح للنقاش:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يُعدّ هذا الموضوع مفتوحًا للنقاش والحوار بين مختلف الأوساط الدينية والفكرية.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**مُقترحات للنقاش:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* هل تُمثل هذه القراءة الجديدة خروجًا عن الدين؟&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* ما هي أفضل الطرق لتطبيق هذه القراءة على أرض الواقع؟&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* ما هي التأثيرات المُحتملة لهذه القراءة على العلاقات بين الأديان؟&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**شكرًا لقراءتك!**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;## الوحي: رحلة عبر المعنى&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**الوحي** مصطلح غنيٌّ بالمعاني،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; يمتدّ من إعطاء المعنى بشكل عام إلى التأويل والقراءة الجديدة للنصوص الدينية.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**معنى الوحي:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **إعطاء المعنى:** في اللغة العربية، يُشير الوحي إلى إعطاء المعنى أو الإخبار بشيء خفيّ.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **إلهام إلهي:** في الأديان، يُشير الوحي إلى تلقي الرسل والأنبياء تعاليم الله تعالى من خلال الوحي جبريل.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **إبداع أدبي:** يُستخدم مصطلح الوحي أحياناً لوصف إبداع الكاتب أو الشاعر في ابتكار نصّ جديد.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**الوحي وإعطاء معنى جديد للنص:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* يُمكن اعتبار الوحي إعطاء معنى جديد للنصّ، سواء كان نصّاً دينياً أو أدبياً أو تاريخياً.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* يُمكن للوحي أن يُكشف عن أبعاد جديدة للنصّ لم تكن واضحة من قبل.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* يُمكن للوحي أن يُساعد على فهم النصّ في سياق جديد.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**الوحي والتأويل:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **التأويل:** هو تفسير النصّ الديني بما يتوافق مع العقل والعلم.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **الفرق بين الوحي والتأويل:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;* الوحي هو مصدر النصّ الديني.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;* التأويل هو تفسير النصّ الديني.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* **العلاقة بين الوحي والتأويل:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;* يُمكن اعتبار التأويل أحد أشكال الوحي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;* يُمكن للوحي أن يُلهم التأويل.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**الوحي وقراءة جديدة للنص:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* في اليهودية والنصرانية، يُشير الوحي إلى قراءة جديدة للنصّ التوراتي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* تُركّز هذه القراءة الجديدة على المعاني الروحية والأخلاقية للنصّ.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* تُساعد هذه القراءة الجديدة على فهم النصّ في سياق جديد.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**أمثلة على الوحي:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* الوحي الذي تلقّاه النبي محمد ﷺ من الله تعالى.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* الوحي الذي تلقّاه النبي موسى عليه السلام من الله تعالى.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* الوحي الذي تلقّاه النبي عيسى عليه السلام من الله تعالى.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* إبداع شكسبير في مسرحياته.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* إبداع نجيب محفوظ في رواياته.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**خاتمة:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يُمثّل الوحي رحلةً عبر المعنى، تُثري فهمنا للنصوص وتُلهمنا لاكتشاف أبعاد جديدة فيها.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**ملاحظة:**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* يُمكن أن تختلف دلالات مصطلح &quot;الوحي&quot; باختلاف السياق.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;* من المهمّ مراعاة السياق عند تفسير معنى &quot;الوحي&quot;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**هل لديك أي أسئلة أخرى حول الوحي؟**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;نعم، هذا صحيح!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;الوحي يعني إعطاء المعنى،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ويُستخدم هذا المصطلح في سياقات مختلفة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;في اللغة العربية:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;* الوحْي: مصدر الفعل &quot;وَحَى&quot; الذي يعني &quot;أَعْطَى مَعْنًى بِغَيْرِ تَكَلُّمٍ&quot;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;* يُوحي: فعل مضارع من الفعل &quot;وَحَى&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;يعني &quot;يُعْطِي مَعْنًى بِغَيْرِ تَكَلُّمٍ&quot;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;في الدين:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;* الوحي: هو إرسال الله تعالى رسالة إلى نبي من أنبيائه من خلال جبريل عليه السلام.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;* يُوحي: يُشير إلى فعل الله تعالى في إرسال الوحي إلى الأنبياء.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;في الأدب:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;* الوحْي: يُستخدم أحياناً للدلالة على الإلهام الفني أو الشعري.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;* يُوحي: يُستخدم أحياناً للدلالة على التعبير عن مشاعر أو أفكار بطريقة غير مباشرة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;في علم النفس:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;* الوحْي: يُستخدم أحياناً للدلالة على عملية الإدراك الحسي أو الحدس.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;* يُوحي: يُستخدم أحياناً للدلالة على عملية استنتاج معنى أو فكرة من خلال إشارات أو أدلة غير مباشرة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أمثلة على استخدام كلمة &quot;وحي&quot;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;* &quot;نزل الوحي على النبي محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم في غار حراء.&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;* &quot;ألهمت الطبيعة الشاعر فكتب قصيدة رائعة.&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;* &quot;استطاعت الطبيبة تشخيص المرض من خلال الأعراض التي ظهرت على المريض.&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أمثلة على استخدام كلمة &quot;يوحي&quot;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;* &quot;تُوحي هذه اللوحة بمشاعر الحزن والأسى.&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;* &quot;تُوحي هذه الكلمات بمعنى خفي.&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;* &quot;تُوحي هذه الإشارات بوجود خطر محدق.&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ملاحظة:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يُمكن استخدام كلمة &quot;وحي&quot; و &quot;يُوحي&quot; في سياقات أخرى غير تلك المذكورة أعلاه.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هل لديك أي أسئلة أخرى؟&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; class=&quot;notranslate&quot; id=&quot;mttContainer&quot; style=&quot;transform: translate(77px, 64px);&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/feeds/8475840672994798293/comments/default' title='تعليقات الرسالة'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2024/03/blog-post_22.html#comment-form' title='0 تعليقات'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/8475840672994798293'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/8475840672994798293'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2024/03/blog-post_22.html' title=' الوحي'/><author><name>abdullah aljinaahi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07428918488938833478</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='22' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYirY3kNAlfPPymszGVtS-DEa2BHrEVm36W05dVXGVI7a6GLOVK2sHMAOVqx06mbRjPkM0RIZNzHQqxCN1YidFAQeKKS4RCboWIQL9VHuRqed4wAuVsla1wpgV2apcAA/s113/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9.PNG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2756764865486377695.post-6132400913463758942</id><published>2024-03-08T11:54:00.002+03:00</published><updated>2024-03-08T11:54:42.806+03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="محاسبة"/><title type='text'>المدين والدائن في المحاسبة</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;المدين هو مدين للوحدة المحاسبية التي تسجل القيد(حقوق)&lt;br /&gt;الدائن هو الدائن للوحدة المحاسبية التي تسجل القيد(التزامات)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;القيد المحاسبي هو الذي ينشأ الميزانية العمومية والدخل&lt;br /&gt;اي هو الذي ينشأ معادلة الميزانية الموسعة&lt;br /&gt;اي الاصول+المصروفات=الالتزامات +حقوق الملكية+الايرادات&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;كل حساب في المحاسبة&lt;br /&gt;يحتوي على طرفين مدين ودائن&lt;br /&gt;الطرف المدين حقوق الوحدة المحاسبية&lt;br /&gt;الطرف الدائن التزامات الوحدة المحاسبية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; class=&quot;notranslate&quot; id=&quot;mttContainer&quot; style=&quot;transform: translate(33px, 99px);&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;الاقتصاد بعيون الخبراء&lt;br /&gt;8-3-2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/feeds/6132400913463758942/comments/default' title='تعليقات الرسالة'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2024/03/blog-post.html#comment-form' title='0 تعليقات'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/6132400913463758942'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/6132400913463758942'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2024/03/blog-post.html' title='المدين والدائن في المحاسبة'/><author><name>abdullah aljinaahi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07428918488938833478</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='22' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYirY3kNAlfPPymszGVtS-DEa2BHrEVm36W05dVXGVI7a6GLOVK2sHMAOVqx06mbRjPkM0RIZNzHQqxCN1YidFAQeKKS4RCboWIQL9VHuRqed4wAuVsla1wpgV2apcAA/s113/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9.PNG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2756764865486377695.post-8539761066924363471</id><published>2024-01-21T18:13:00.000+03:00</published><updated>2026-09-22T01:51:49.658+03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="دين"/><title type='text'>قبيلة باهلة وبنو وائل و عشيرة عفك وال جناحي. </title><content type='html'>&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;قبيلة باهلة وبنو وائل و عشيرة عفك وال جناحي.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;580&quot; src=&quot;https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXfbhGv1W4typROeMmX1tVVJ-J5OCdhQGHmSkh28n0c5kt3kwlPVG6_yb9BG_yTFN7axVeQC7j_isRo3r8t73ht7rDDDeqkZwnYT-wp7Z0lH9guTlqJtMWdiynDuwUKAm2W8nGMy8Q=w605-h580?key=ut6g70HTliu8ZBz7ZQBQ-g&quot; width=&quot;605&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;خارطة الاهوارالدائمية والموسمية&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;قبيلة باهلة وبنو وائل و عشيرة عفك وال جناحي.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;المصدر:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;1-عبد المولى الطريحي في الهامش ص ٣٢من كتاب أنساب القبائل العراقية.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;2- وكتاب باهلة لحمد الجاسر.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;3-كتاب موسوعة القبائل العربية [محمد سليمان الطيب]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;هل..&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;آل اجناح من بني عامر بن عوف ابن وائل ابن معن من بني مالك(باهله)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;بن اعصر بن سعد بن قيس عيلان بن مضر.؟&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;أسباب الترجيح:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;1-فرع آل جناح طرة ال جناح في المجيحشية قديما و في العكيكة سوق الشيوخ يقول بانتمائه الى بني وائل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;2-فرع من آل جناح(جناحي) في عفك الديوانية يقول بانتمائه الى عشيرة عفك باهلة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;3-النزعة العشائرية نحو التحالفات&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;4-بيشة موطن ال اجناح الأول قبل عنيزة وطرة ال جناح على نهر الكار&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;5-اسبقية هجرة بني عوف بن عامر الباهلي في القرن الاول الهجري&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; قبل هجرة بني عوف بن عامر العقيلي في القرن&amp;nbsp; 4-7 الهجري الى العراق&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;6-تبدلات السلطة بين قوى الإسلام أدى الى تغير أسماء بعض القبائل والى ظاهرة العشائر المتحيرة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;7-توقف تدوين الأنساب من القرن الثالث الهجري الى السادس الهجري بالنسبة لسكان قلب الجزيرة؛&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;للاضطراب السياسي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;اقول عن تأصيل:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;ومن المعلوم ان بني وائل استقروا في بيشة موطن عقيل&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;بعد غارة على بني جعدة وسبيع وتصدع باهلة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;فلحقت منهم بنو وائل بعقال بن خويلد العقيلي فاجارهم.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;أن المنتشر الباهلي كان له ابن يقال له سيدان،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;قتلته&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial,sans-serif&quot;&gt; بنو جَعْدة بن كعب بن ربيعة بن عامر بن صعصعة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial,sans-serif&quot;&gt;،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial,sans-serif&quot;&gt;فأغار عليهم، ثم على &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial,sans-serif&quot;&gt;بني سُبَيْع&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial,sans-serif&quot;&gt;، فقتل ثلاثة نفر،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial,sans-serif&quot;&gt;وكانت&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial,sans-serif&quot;&gt; باهلة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial,sans-serif&quot;&gt; قد انضوت إلى &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial,sans-serif&quot;&gt;بني كعب&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial,sans-serif&quot;&gt;،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;فلما قتل المنتشر من قتل من جعدة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;تصدَّعت باهلة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;فلحقت فرقة منهم وهم بنو وائل&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;بعقال بن خويلد العُقَيْليِّ،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;فأجارهم،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;آل عفك:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;جاء فى كتاب &quot;معجم قبائل العرب&quot; ما نصه:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;عفك من عشائر لواء الديوانية بالعراق،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;يرجع أصلها لباهلة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;وقد قصدت العراق من نجد.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;ويبلغ عدد نفوسها ١٦٠٠٠ نسمة تقريبًا.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;وعرفت هذه العشيرة بالثراء،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;وتتألف من&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;آل غازم، والبحاحثة، وآل حمزة، والمخاضرة، وآل شيبة، والبوناشي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;والبراجع، والمجاتيب، وآل حاجي، وطرفة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;انتهى&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;ولا شك أن بعض الأسماء وقع فيها تحريف.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;كتاب موسوعة القبائل العربية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;[محمد سليمان الطيب]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;فهرس الكتاب&amp;nbsp; باهلة&amp;nbsp; فروع قبيلة باهلة في الوقت الحاضر ص 40&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://shamela.ws/book/897/8469#p1&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;https://shamela.ws/book/897/8469#p1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial,sans-serif&quot;&gt;البحاثة او البحاحثة بطن من آل باهلة اسم طائفة في العراق بين دجلة والفرات (1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;الهامش(1)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;باهلة قبيلة كبيرة ضخمة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;تقطن ضواحي الديوانية بين عفك والدغارة&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial,sans-serif&quot;&gt;وال شيبة &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial,sans-serif&quot;&gt;وال جناحي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial,sans-serif&quot;&gt; وال بندر وال فليفل وال شخير وال شنان وال جبر&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;و الحلاحله وال دهيم وال حرامي وال غنص والبو حطاب وال دليهم&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;وكلهم يقطنون في ضواحي الديوانية بين عفك والدغارة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;وأكثرهم يزرعون الأراضي المقيمين فيها بتلك المنطقة.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;المصدر:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;ص 32 انساب القبائل العراقية وغيرها&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial,sans-serif&quot;&gt;تأليف الامام العلامة الكبير المرحوم السيد مهدي القزويني الحسيني &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial,sans-serif&quot;&gt;المتوفي سنة 1300 هـ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;حققه وصححه وعلق عليها وقدم له عبد المولى الطريحي&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;الطبعة الثانية منقحة ومصححة 1383هـ-1963م&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCcJ_5CzWAh60r4gg19XDexA_JgZq-SU9GhfO32ybD82ZMm9CAoThzYAj7Z58VMHOZ1ZSP_Enfi7sdcoc_zxide5FI7Azwcc36OaYIjlbc7PlvBlO4UhsZPsJVM5joIsSeY7S2kq0tNuQYUBAklnVsg1YazHCbSJMj5dXQpUlcg4MFMS7ZcWozzJeHdYLE/s604/Screenshot%202024-02-27%20105258.png&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;قبيلة باهلة وبنو وائل و عشيرة عفك وال جناحي.&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;488&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCcJ_5CzWAh60r4gg19XDexA_JgZq-SU9GhfO32ybD82ZMm9CAoThzYAj7Z58VMHOZ1ZSP_Enfi7sdcoc_zxide5FI7Azwcc36OaYIjlbc7PlvBlO4UhsZPsJVM5joIsSeY7S2kq0tNuQYUBAklnVsg1YazHCbSJMj5dXQpUlcg4MFMS7ZcWozzJeHdYLE/w640-h488/Screenshot%202024-02-27%20105258.png&quot; title=&quot;قبيلة باهلة وبنو وائل و عشيرة عفك وال جناحي.&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 15pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;طرة آل جناح المجيحشية عند صدر شط الكار(بجوار &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;قلعة الحمام آل حفاظ)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;سعدون باشا الذي كان يقيم في منطقة الخرخرة عند صدر نهر الكار&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 15pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;اهوار العراق قبل 1958م - الاهوار الدائمية والموسمية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 15pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7Ekz-cg_6MBeiWB9slB-psR0lGu3ZQgUUcFZ3-O8Jy2-v71jGojsoMaXCNXjTuqnve7RUfsnJH4Z96ifDsTvLn3mdXtgHpC0Su0nTe7CxfeQY9c4tT02BRAAcQApPk3sR3G3isXdN0duljFHMnm7BWQKPZyf2I91tmlJUJCmePSg9kzJO8KzbCOSrgpd_/s704/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%82.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;طرة آل جناح المجيحشية عند صدر شط الكار(بجوار قلعة الحمام آل حفاظ)&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;702&quot; data-original-width=&quot;704&quot; height=&quot;638&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7Ekz-cg_6MBeiWB9slB-psR0lGu3ZQgUUcFZ3-O8Jy2-v71jGojsoMaXCNXjTuqnve7RUfsnJH4Z96ifDsTvLn3mdXtgHpC0Su0nTe7CxfeQY9c4tT02BRAAcQApPk3sR3G3isXdN0duljFHMnm7BWQKPZyf2I91tmlJUJCmePSg9kzJO8KzbCOSrgpd_/w640-h638/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%82.jpg&quot; title=&quot;طرة آل جناح المجيحشية عند صدر شط الكار(بجوار قلعة الحمام آل حفاظ)&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 15pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 15pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 15pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; 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vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;خارطة قبائل العراق&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKzDVkO-oKXre4qknOSUMMWqrQRLFlxoAAM8llrba4_TsL1x0lcF1CJJY6pxa8w6NHMgmw-voHhy4zruULr2xQxLvWbOrSEKfgP3FLfJeLSkEtu6fo9zbQLn5nAWi7I50zcCaaU2KJCFJzY-8w9mXb_zP-OiCoXd9QWCLyWmyN6mvE8_uuHvnm20blQCLz/s870/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A9%20%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;870&quot; data-original-width=&quot;813&quot; height=&quot;381&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKzDVkO-oKXre4qknOSUMMWqrQRLFlxoAAM8llrba4_TsL1x0lcF1CJJY6pxa8w6NHMgmw-voHhy4zruULr2xQxLvWbOrSEKfgP3FLfJeLSkEtu6fo9zbQLn5nAWi7I50zcCaaU2KJCFJzY-8w9mXb_zP-OiCoXd9QWCLyWmyN6mvE8_uuHvnm20blQCLz/w583-h381/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A9%20%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82.png&quot; 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style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 13.5pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 13.5pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 13.5pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 13.5pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 13.5pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 13.5pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 13.5pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 13.5pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 13.5pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;لاحظ بني حجام  ضمن حلف بني مالك قرب عفك وبدير&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 13.5pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;خارطة قبائل العراق -المصدر جغرافية العراق ص 419 طة الهاشمي 1930&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 13.5pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 13.5pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;وكان آل جناح قديماً&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 13.5pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt; قبيلة كبيرة تسكن في شقي شط الكار الذي هو اليوم من الأنهار المندرسة في أرض مجاورة لأراضي آل حافظ الطائيين اسمها المجيحشية وهي جزء من أراضي طرة آل جناح التي كانت يحكمها ويتصرف بها من قبل حكومة الأتراك بدر بك في سنة 1053 هـ – 1643 م وما بعدها ثم قلت قيمة اقطاعيتهم بسبب موت شط الكار فأضطروا إلى تركها والهجرة عنها فبعضهم هاجر إلى أنحاء الديوانية ومن هؤلاء سكان المشخاب أما معظم أفراد هذه العشيرة فقد هاجروا إلى أنحاء سوق الشيوخ ونزلوا في أرض تقع في الجهة اليسرى من الفرات أطلقوا عليها أسم مقاطعتهم القديمة المجيحشية وهم لا يزالون يقيمون فيها.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 13.5pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;(1) حمود الساعدي دراسات عن عشائر العراق.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;21-1-2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;كربلاء المقدسة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/feeds/8539761066924363471/comments/default' title='تعليقات الرسالة'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2024/01/blog-post_21.html#comment-form' title='0 تعليقات'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/8539761066924363471'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/8539761066924363471'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2024/01/blog-post_21.html' title='قبيلة باهلة وبنو وائل و عشيرة عفك وال جناحي. '/><author><name>abdullah aljinaahi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07428918488938833478</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='22' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYirY3kNAlfPPymszGVtS-DEa2BHrEVm36W05dVXGVI7a6GLOVK2sHMAOVqx06mbRjPkM0RIZNzHQqxCN1YidFAQeKKS4RCboWIQL9VHuRqed4wAuVsla1wpgV2apcAA/s113/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9.PNG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXfbhGv1W4typROeMmX1tVVJ-J5OCdhQGHmSkh28n0c5kt3kwlPVG6_yb9BG_yTFN7axVeQC7j_isRo3r8t73ht7rDDDeqkZwnYT-wp7Z0lH9guTlqJtMWdiynDuwUKAm2W8nGMy8Q=s72-w605-h580-c?key=ut6g70HTliu8ZBz7ZQBQ-g" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2756764865486377695.post-8533966093537244062</id><published>2024-01-07T14:03:00.000+03:00</published><updated>2024-01-07T14:03:13.107+03:00</updated><title type='text'> تقييم برنامج الذهب مقابل النفط: ورقة موقف</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;An assessment of the gold-for-oil program: a position paper&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-8e3eb417-7fff-292d-57c5-df1912418784&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Mohammed Awal&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;1/5/2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot; /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;The Behavior Gasoil &amp;amp; Gasoline Price and Forex (USD-GHS)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;● Avg Px&amp;nbsp; ● USD-GHS Rate&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;متوسط سعر النفط عند المضخات وسعر صرف الدولار مقابل السيدي الغاني&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 257px; overflow: hidden; width: 602px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;متوسط سعر النفط عند المضخات وسعر صرف الدولار مقابل السيدي الغاني&quot; height=&quot;257&quot; src=&quot;https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/xwAhSIZpaBlgMGcSJPcEGR4yaeD9dmGR9gxOfZJYzDDpaHo2dgJdAJHt0y68KXxU02c9LuuejkP1fFnNAx_et6KZ5hyl8B2mOrGe0b5N1AmHopvcqsT0w_QLKnZu9pgPFPFqDroNudsz0ny2s2bl514=w604-h257&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;متوسط سعر النفط عند المضخات وسعر صرف الدولار مقابل السيدي الغاني&quot; width=&quot;604&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;المصدر: بناء المؤلفين&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;خلفية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ظهر برنامج الذهب مقابل النفط (G4O)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ردًا على أزمة النفط عام 1973،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;التي أثارها الحظر النفطي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الذي فرضه أعضاء أوبك، وخاصة المملكة العربية السعودية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على الدول التي يُنظر إليها&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على أنها تدعم إسرائيل في حرب يوم الغفران (بيرجندي، 2003).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تسببت هذه الأزمة في نقص عالمي في الطاقة وارتفاع في أسعار النفط،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مما دفع إلى إجراء مفاوضات بين الدول المنتجة والمستوردة للنفط&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لمبادلة النفط بالذهب بدلاً من العملات الورقية التقليدية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مما سمح لمصدري النفط بتجميع احتياطيات الذهب&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(فالولا وجينوفا، 2005).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;1&quot; src=&quot;https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/zvc7rJMuSQNeWt70ne1gASes4P2E-SdyioC5seMK5mOOK56IWL5Ca6HYuDV8f7x3XV4cl2z_wETFj1pqijrcTM6l1bg7x1zRyHr-Asm9YDdYdyCkHjxHpvtjAkNpiou3uRAtz4AKBjydhPTH9RZltn0&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;1&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وفي سياق معاصر،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;طرحت جمهورية غانا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;نسختها الخاصة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من برنامج الذهب مقابل النفط&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لمواجهة الأسعار المتصاعدة للمنتجات النفطية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;يتسم برنامج غانا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بالتميز في المنهجية والأساس المنطقي والهيكل،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ويعالج الارتفاع الكبير في أسعار البنزين وزيت الغاز&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من 6.90 سيدي غانيًا في يناير إلى 22.8 سيدي غانيًا في ديسمبر 2022،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مما يؤثر على مختلف القطاعات.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وأثارت هذه الزيادة المرتبطة بمستويات التضخم&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;احتجاجات من جانب العمالة المنظمة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بسبب الزيادة غير المتناسبة في تكاليف المعيشة مقابل ركود الدخل.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وإدراكًا لنقص النقد الأجنبي وقضايا سعر الصرف&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كمساهمين رئيسيين في ارتفاع الأسعار،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;نفذت الحكومة برنامج الذهب مقابل النفط&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لتحقيق الاستقرار في الاقتصاد&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والتخفيف من آثار ارتفاع أسعار الوقود (ياللي، 2023).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتستجيب السياسة الجديدة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;للتحديات التي تواجهها البلدان المستوردة للنفط&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;في الحصول على النقد الأجنبي الكافي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بهدف معالجة أزمة الدولار الحادة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وضمان إمدادات مستقرة من المنتجات النفطية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;نظرة عامة على برنامج G4O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يعمل برنامج الذهب مقابل النفط (G4O) في غانا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;كسياسة دورية تسهل تبادل الذهب مقابل النفط،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مما يوفر نهجًا استراتيجيًا لمعاملات استيراد النفط.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يتضمن البرنامج،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الذي بدأه &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بنك غانا (BOG)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وشركة تسويق المعادن الثمينة (PMMC)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;شراء الذهب بالسيدي بموجب اتفاقية شراء النفط.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويتم بعد ذلك&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;استخدام جزء من هذا الذهب لتأمين النفط،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;والاستفادة من الوضع المزدوج للذهب والنفط كاحتياطيات دولية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يقوم &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بنك غانا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; بتوريد النفط الذي تم الحصول عليها&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;إلى &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;شركة تخزين ونقل النفط السائب (BOST)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والتي بدورها تصدق على مواصفات النفط&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتشير إلى &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بنك غانا &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لمواصلة الدفع باستخدام الذهب المتبادل.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;تبيع BOST هذه المنتجات النفطية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لشركات التوزيع السائبة (BDC)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; بالسيدي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مما يمكنها من الحصول على المنتجات دون الحاجة إلى الدولارات.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وبالتالي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يمكن &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لشركات تطوير الأعمال بيع المنتجات&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;إلى &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;شركات تسويق النفط (OMCs)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; بالسيدي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مما يلغي عنصر الدولار في حسابات التسعير.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;تضمن هذه العملية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أن شركات OMC لا تحتاج إلى دولارات&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لشراء المنتجات من &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مراكز تطوير الأعمال (BDC).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أخيرًا،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تقوم شركات OMC ببيع المنتجات&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; للمستهلكين في المضخات،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويتم إيداع الإيرادات الناتجة في السيدي لدى BOG، لاستكمال الدورة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويتمثل الهدف الشامل لهذا البرنامج المبتكر&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;في تحقيق استقرار أسعار الوقود&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتقليل الاعتماد على العملات الأجنبية في واردات النفط،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتعزيز الاستقرار الاقتصادي والاكتفاء الذاتي.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تم تصميم برنامج الذهب مقابل النفط (G4O) في غانا&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بشكل استراتيجي لإلغاء الحاجة إلى النقد الأجنبي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتحديدًا الدولار، في آلية تسعير المنتجات البترولية.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ومن خلال استبعاد سعر الصرف عمدا من صيغة تسعير الوقود والمرافق،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يتم إعفاء بائعي الوقود المحليين&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من الحاجة إلى العملة الأجنبية عند استيراد المنتجات النفطية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتتصور الحكومة والوكالات المنفذة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أن هذا التحول في السياسة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;سيؤدي إلى انخفاض أسعار المنتجات في المضخات،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;مما يوفر الراحة للسكان الغانيين.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تم إطلاق برنامج G4O رسميًا في 15 يناير 2023،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وقد شهد حصول شركة تخزين ونقل النفط السائب (BOST)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على 80 ألف طن متري من البنزين وزيت الغاز&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وما مجموعه 25 شحنة مختلفة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بموجب هذه السياسة المبتكرة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;والآن، بعد مرور 11 شهراً على بدء العمل به،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;أصبح من الأهمية بمكان&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;تقييم مدى فعالية البرنامج في تحقيق أهدافه المقصودة.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تتولى هذه الورقة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;مهمة تقييم تأثير برنامج G4O&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتعرض موقف المؤلفين بناءً على الأدلة المتاحة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;سعياً إلى توفير فهم شامل لأداء البرنامج.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويهدف التقييم إلى تمييز مدى فعالية برنامج G4O&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتوضيح موقف المؤلف من نتائجه.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;أهداف السياسة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويتصور المؤيدون،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بقيادة نائب الرئيس الحاج الدكتور بوميا، نتائج إيجابية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بما في ذلك&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;انخفاض أسعار المضخات،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;واستقرار العملة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وانخفاض التضخم في المنتجات المعتمدة على النفط.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتشكل هذه الأهداف الأساس لتقييم نجاح البرنامج.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;مخاوف السياسة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;واجه برنامج الذهب مقابل النفط (G4O) في غانا&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;انتقادات من منظمات المجتمع المدني وخبراء النفط، بما في ذلك Em.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;البروفيسور إليدار وومي والدكتور ستيف مانتيو وإيماني غانا.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ويعرب النقاد عن مخاوفهم&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بشأن افتقار البرنامج إلى الشفافية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والتدخل الملحوظ للحكومة في السوق غير الخاضعة للتنظيم.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويقولون&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إن الصفقات التي تمت في إطار برنامج G4O محاطة بالسرية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مما يثير مخاوف محتملة بشأن الممارسات الفاسدة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وأصبح دور الوسطاء في المعاملات نقطة بارزة في المناقشة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ومن الأمثلة البارزة على ذلك التحدي الذي طرحه الدكتور مانتياو،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الرئيس المشارك لمنظمة الصناعات الاستخراجية في غانا،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;خلال مؤتمر صحفي في يونيو 2003،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;حيث دعا الحكومة إلى الكشف عن أسماء الأطراف الثالثة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;المشاركة في معاملات G4O (Segbefia، 2023).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بالإضافة إلى ذلك،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يسلط المتشككون الضوء&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على قلق كبير بشأن استدامة البرنامج على المدى الطويل،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;مشددين على الحاجة إلى إمدادات مستمرة وكافية من الذهب لدعم تبادل النفط.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;وقد أثيرت تساؤلات حول جدوى هذا الترتيب،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;مما أثار الشكوك حول قدرة البرنامج&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على الاحتفاظ باحتياطي كافٍ من الذهب لضمان استمرار تشغيله.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;تؤكد هذه الانتقادات على أهمية معالجة قضايا الشفافية والاستدامة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لتعزيز الثقة في برنامج G4O.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;علاوة على ذلك،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يرى منتقدو هذه السياسة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أن انخفاض الأسعار في محطات الضخ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;يرجع إلى انخفاض أسعار السوق العالمية.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وقال السيد بنجامين بواكي، مدير ACEP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;والدكتور ثيو أتشيمبونج، نائب مدير إيماني غانا،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;إن الانخفاض في أسعار الوقود&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;يرجع إلى انخفاض الأسعار الدولية واستقرار الدراسة.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(غانا 2023، أدو-أوسو 2023).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;آثار السياسة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على الرغم من الاعتراف بالمخاوف&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;التي أعربت عنها منظمات المجتمع المدني والخبراء&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بشأن برنامج الذهب مقابل النفط (G4O)،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فمن المهم الإشارة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إلى أنه حتى الآن لم تتحقق أي من هذه المخاوف.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وقد أثبت البرنامج نجاحا كبيرا منذ بدايته،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهناك العديد من الفوائد التي تؤكد هذا التقييم الإيجابي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وقد عالج برنامج G4O بشكل فعال&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مسألة الاعتماد على النقد الأجنبي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وخاصة الحاجة إلى الدولار في تسعير المنتجات النفطية.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ومن خلال إلغاء الاعتماد المباشر على سعر الصرف في صيغة التسعير،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;نجح البرنامج في إعفاء بائعي الوقود المحليين&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من الحاجة إلى العملة الأجنبية لاستيراد المنتجات النفطية.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وقد أثر هذا التخفيض بشكل إيجابي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على تداول العملات الأجنبية للسيدي مقابل الدولار الأمريكي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يوضح الرسم البياني المعروض&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;اتجاهًا هبوطيًا ثابتًا في أسعار الوقود في المضخات،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;واستقرارًا نسبيًا في سعر صرف الدولار مقابل السيدي منذ بداية البرنامج.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;يتماشى هذا مع ملاحظات&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ستيفن أوباتا، رئيس الأسواق المالية في بنك غانا،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;الذي أكد أن سياسة الحكومة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;حفزت زيادة المنافسة بين المتداولين،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مما أدى إلى انخفاض أسعار النفط&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وقلل بشكل كبير من الضغط الذي يمارسه النفط على الدولار الأمريكي.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويمتد التأثير الإيجابي إلى ما هو أبعد من أسعار الوقود،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;كما هو واضح في قطاع النقل.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وأرجع إعلان اتحاد النقل البري الخاص في غانا&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;عن تخفيض بنسبة 10٪ في أسعار النقل في مايو 2023&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هذا التعديل الإيجابي إلى انخفاض أسعار البنزين،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مما يوفر الراحة التي يحتاجها سائقو السيارات يوميًا والركاب&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(لارتي، 2023).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ودعمًا لهذه الآثار الملموسة،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;يشير تقرير يونيو الصادر عن دائرة الإحصاء في غانا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;إلى انخفاض مستمر في معدل التضخم الرئيسي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;حيث انخفض من 54.1% في ديسمبر 2022 إلى 35.2% في أكتوبر،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مما يصور توقعات اقتصادية إيجابية (أوال، 2023).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تحليل تأثير البرنامج على التضخم والشفافية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويربط الرسم البياني المعروض&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;معدل التضخم في غانا بالتقلبات في أسعار النفط عند المضخات.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ويدعم هذا الارتباط تأكيد امبونج (2022)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بأن التضخم في غانا يتأثر بشكل كبير بالتغيرات في أسعار النفط.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ومن الجدير بالذكر&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أن الرسم البياني&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يوضح انخفاضًا ثابتًا في معدل التضخم الإجمالي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بعد تنفيذ برنامج الذهب مقابل النفط (G4O).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويشير هذا&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إلى وجود علاقة إيجابية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بين مبادرات البرنامج والمؤشر الاقتصادي الأوسع للتضخم.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Px and Inflation Rate % by Date&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;●Px&amp;nbsp; ●inflation Rate %&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 264px; overflow: hidden; width: 602px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;معدل التضخم و أسعار النفط&quot; height=&quot;265&quot; src=&quot;https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/IDUDE6CrpXQS7xJRbwciwt4YWarVSSxjkgqSTYObLQOSIOYkmWHrAn8L3opRr0Y-9n1s2FqC2CZ19VLTAxmooyijIP5uu_dYc0eR-ujW_HBXkVMZqzlBxxAvX_vWxZOkLaIsGBIVxDc_puiSyM6py1o=w601-h265&quot; style=&quot;cursor: wait; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;معدل التضخم و أسعار النفط&quot; width=&quot;601&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;معدل التضخم وارتباط أسعار النفط&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;؛ مصدر؛ بناء المؤلف&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;text-wrap: nowrap;&quot;&gt;	&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويتوافق الارتباط الملحوظ في الرسم البياني مع الحجة التي قدمها أمبونج،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مع التركيز على الدور الحاسم لأسعار النفط في التأثير على معدلات التضخم.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويشير الانخفاض في التضخم الإجمالي منذ طرح برنامج G4O&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إلى أن استقرار أسعار النفط من خلال التدابير الاقتصادية المبتكرة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يمكن أن يؤثر بشكل إيجابي على التكلفة الإجمالية للسلع والخدمات.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويؤكد التحليل كذلك&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على التأثير الإيجابي لبرنامج G4O على الشفافية داخل قطاع النفط.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وخلافاً للمخاوف التي أثارها المنتقدون،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;فإن التبادل الاستراتيجي للذهب مقابل النفط لم يسفر عن ممارسات فاسدة.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وبدلاً من ذلك،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كانت عمليات البرنامج شفافة بشكل ملحوظ،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;حيث عالجت المخاوف بشأن الصفقات المستترة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وعززت الثقة في نزاهة المبادرة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إن التشغيل السلس للبرنامج لمدة ستة أشهر،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;حيث تلقت شركة تخزين ونقل النفط السائب (BOST)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;العديد من الشحنات من البنزين،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;يدل على النجاح التشغيلي المستمر للبرنامج.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهذا النجاح يقوض المخاوف&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بشأن توافر الذهب لدعم البرنامج على المدى الطويل،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مما يشير إلى أن النهج المبتكر ممكن وفعال.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مقارنة اسعار المضخات السابقة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويوضح الرسم البياني أدناه&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مقارنة الاسعار قبل وبعد إدخال برنامج الذهب مقابل النفط (G4O) في غانا.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتعكس البيانات انخفاضًا مستمرًا في أسعار المحطات&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بالرغم من الانخفاضات الهامشية في أسعار السوق العالمية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Crude Oil Prices -Brent Prices&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;●Brent Px 2023&amp;nbsp; ●Brent Px 2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Pump Prices&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;●Ave Px 2023 ●Ave Px 2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 360px; overflow: hidden; width: 602px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;مقارنة اسعار المضخات السابقة&quot; height=&quot;360&quot; src=&quot;https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/Nqf0FENO67WjDvdWnJgBJEebrfy51YirLnUnDVyMGRiRH9yy3ePlBoD-wrDqzpLsVvxJtpt8FD1hE-zDM8OttXarvPU4ihpbjvvP0Ilt5S5dS3rYgtnySu-RTgCKueCCp5fHcXfzoPZHAp6mQEQUyWE=w556-h360&quot; style=&quot;cursor: wait; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;مقارنة اسعار المضخات السابقة&quot; width=&quot;556&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مقارنات اسعار المضخات السابقة؛ المؤلفون يبنون 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وقد أثر إدخال برنامج G4O بشكل كبير على الأسعار السابقة للمضخة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مما أدى إلى إلغاء الحاجة إلى الدولارات في آلية التسعير.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتكشف البيانات&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;عن انخفاض ملحوظ في أسعار المحطات من أكتوبر 2022 إلى أكتوبر 2023،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على الرغم من الانخفاض الهامشي فقط في أسعار السوق العالمية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;أكتوبر 2022:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;سعر السوق العالمي: 99 دولارًا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;سعر المضخة السابقة: 19.8 GHS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;أكتوبر 2023:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;سعر السوق العالمية: 97 دولارًا (تخفيض بنسبة 2%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;السعر بدون المضخة: 12.8 GHS (تخفيض بنسبة 36%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يعد هذا التخفيض في السعر قبل تسليم المضخة كبيرًا،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مما يوضح فعالية برنامج G4O في تحقيق هدفه&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;المتمثل في تثبيت أسعار الوقود وتقليل الاعتماد على العملات الأجنبية.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وقد تُرجم النهج المبتكر&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;المتمثل في إلغاء عنصر الدولار في حسابات التسعير&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إلى فوائد ملموسة للمستهلكين،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتوفير الإغاثة الاقتصادية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;والمساهمة في سوق محلية أكثر استقرارا.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويدعم الرسم البياني&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;التأكيد على أن برنامج G4O&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;قد أثر بشكل مباشر على انخفاض الأسعار خارج المحطات،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مع التركيز على تأثيره الإيجابي على الرفاهية الاقتصادية للسكان الغانيين.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتعزز هذه الأدلة أيضًا&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;نجاح البرنامج في تحقيق أهدافه&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتشير إلى أن نموذج G4O&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يمكن أن يكون بمثابة نموذج قابل للتطبيق للدول الأخرى&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;التي تواجه تحديات اقتصادية مماثلة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الاستنتاج والتوصيات&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وفي الختام،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أظهر برنامج الذهب مقابل النفط (G4O) في غانا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;تأثيرًا إيجابيًا كبيرًا على أسعار الوقود&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والمؤشرات الاقتصادية الأوسع،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مما يدعم استمراره.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ورغم الاعتراف بالمخاوف التي أثارها أصحاب المصلحة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تشير الأدلة إلى&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أن البرنامج نجح في&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;معالجة الاعتماد على النقد الأجنبي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وخفض أسعار الوقود،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وساهم في الاستقرار الاقتصادي.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولضمان النجاح المستدام للبرنامج والحفاظ على ثقة الجمهور،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من الضروري أن تعطي الوكالات المنفذة الأولوية للشفافية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يتم اقتراح التوصيات التالية:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تدابير الشفافية:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;يجب على الوكالات المنفذة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أن تكشف بشكل استباقي عن معلومات المعاملات التفصيلية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;المتعلقة ببرنامج G4O على مواقعها الإلكترونية الرسمية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ستمكن السجلات المتاحة للعامة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من التحقق والتدقيق والمساهمة في تعزيز المساءلة في تنفيذ البرنامج.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويجب إتاحة التحديثات المنتظمة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;حول احتياطيات الذهب والمعاملات النفطية والجوانب المالية للتدقيق العام.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تكرير الذهب في البلاد:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على سبيل الاستعجال، يجب على الحكومة الغانية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;استكشاف خيارات لتنقية الذهب في البلاد&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;قبل الانخراط في المعاملات في إطار برنامج G4O.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;إن تبادل الذهب المكرر بالمنتجات البترولية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;سيعزز القيمة الاقتصادية للأصول المتبادلة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويساهم في نموذج اقتصادي أكثر استدامة وكفاءة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;التوعية والمشاركة العامة:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إطلاق حملات توعية عامة لتثقيف المواطنين&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;حول برنامج G4O وأهدافه والآثار الإيجابية التي حققها.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تشجيع المشاركة العامة وآليات ردود الفعل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لتعزيز الشعور بالمشاركة والملكية بين السكان الغانيين.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;المراقبة والتقييم المستمر:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;إنشاء نظام قوي للمراقبة والتقييم المستمر لأداء برنامج G4O.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;القيام بتقييم المؤشرات الاقتصادية وأسعار الوقود والأثر العام بشكل منتظم&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لتكييف البرنامج مع الظروف المتغيرة وتحسين فعاليته.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مشاورات أصحاب المصلحة:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تسهيل المشاورات المفتوحة مع أصحاب المصلحة الرئيسيين،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بما في ذلك منظمات المجتمع المدني والخبراء والجمهور،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لمعالجة المخاوف وجمع وجهات نظر متنوعة حول تنفيذ البرنامج.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ومن خلال تنفيذ هذه التوصيات،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;تستطيع غانا ضمان بقاء برنامج G4O&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;شفافًا وخاضعًا للمساءلة ومستجيبًا لاحتياجات السكان.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولن يؤدي هذا النهج إلى الحفاظ على التأثيرات الإيجابية التي تم تحقيقها فحسب،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بل سيكون أيضًا بمثابة نموذج للسياسات الاقتصادية المسؤولة والمبتكرة على مستوى العالم.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;مرجع&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;أدو-أووسو، ب. (2023، 18 مارس). انخفاض أسعار الوقود لا يرجع بالكامل إلى سياسة الذهب مقابل النفط - دكتور ثيو أتشيمبونج - MyJoyOnline. MyJoyOnline. https://www.myjoyonline.com/drop-in-fuel-prices-not-entirely- لأن-of-gold-for-oil-policy-dr-theo-acheampong/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;أمبونج، م. (2022، 30 سبتمبر). ارتفاع أسعار الوقود – لماذا؟؟ هل نحن وحدنا في هذا؟ الأعمال و FinancialTimes. https://thebftonline.com/2022/03/28/maxwell_investments_group_max well_ampong_mig_rising-fuel-prices-why-are-we-alone-in- this/#:~:text=This%20is%20because%20the%20increase,living %20 معايير%20من%20ال%20 شخصًا.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;أساري، و. (2023، 12 يونيو). نجاح &quot;سياسة الذهب مقابل النفط&quot;: تبرير بوميا وأوبوكو بريمبه. راديو اساسي. https://asaaseradio.com/success-of-gold-for-oil-policy-bawumia-opoku- prempeh-vindicated/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;أوال، م. (2023، 13 يوليو). ارتفع معدل التضخم في يونيو بشكل طفيف إلى 42.50%. الأعمال و الأوقات المالية. https://thebftonline.com/2023/07/13/june-inflation-rises-marginally-to-42-50/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;بيرجندي، H. S. (2003). الطاقة والعولمة. جامعة ولاية إلينوي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;فالولا، ت.، وجينوفا، أ. (2005). سياسة صناعة النفط العالمية: مقدمة. مجموعة جرينوود للنشر.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;غانا، م. (2023، 16 مارس). انخفاض أسعار الوقود لا علاقة له بالذهب بالنسبة لسياسة النفط - ACEP. غانا الحديثة. https://www.modernghana.com/news/1218471/fuel-price-drop-nothing-to-do-with-gold-for-oil.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.globalpetrolprices.com/data_download.php?download&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1155cc; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;https://www.globalpetrolprices.com/data_download.php?download&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;الاقتباس النصي: (ستنخفض أسعار النقل بنسبة 10 بالمائة اعتبارًا من 17 مايو 2023)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;لارتي ن. (2023، 15 مايو). ستنخفض أسعار النقل بنسبة 10 في المائة اعتبارًا من 17 مايو Citinewsroom – أخبار شاملة في غانا. https://citinewsroom.com/2023/05/transport-fares-to-go-down-by-10-percent-from-may-17/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Nchor، D.، Klepáč، V.، &amp;amp; Adamec، V. (2016). آثار صدمات أسعار النفط على الاقتصاد الغاني. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 64(1), 315-324.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;نونو سي. (2023، 16 مارس) سياسة الذهب مقابل النفط - سيتم توفير 4.8 مليار دولار سنويًا - دكتور بوميا graphics.com.gh/news/general-news/gold-for-oil-policy-4-8bn-to- يتم حفظها سنويًا dr- bawumia.htm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;سيغبفيا، ل. (2023، 12 يونيو). نشر أسماء المتعاملين الخارجيين المشاركين في برنامج “الذهب مقابل النفط” – منظمات المجتمع المدني – MyJoyOnline. https://www.myjoyonline.com/publish-names-of-third-party-dealers-involved-in-gold-for-oil-programme-csos/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;يالي سي. (7 نوفمبر 2023). يواجه موزعو النفط السائب أزمة الدولار الحادة. https://www.myjoyonline.com/bulk-oil-distributors-facing-acute-dollar-crunch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://thebftonline.com/2024/01/04/an-assessment-of-the-gold-for-oil-program-a-position-paper/&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;https://thebftonline.com/2024/01/04/an-assessment-of-the-gold-for-oil-program-a-position-paper/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;iframe id=&quot;opencvFrame&quot; name=&quot;opencvFrame&quot; 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font-size: 14pt; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;The liquidation value in the exposure tab in MetaTrader 5 program&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-bfa8a37a-7fff-c625-dbbd-64a4bcc25939&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjILR0WarchdEwa1hHQvj_t7D9kMYVSrucxHqdiiBd5rjhxUoCzCC4nNibBZUo8zDQaPL8q68aviL5BLwJPN6PdTyS_H3YwL4u8JdWiZHBfziK0kXFBlKruxwkmGZxytJ-4YgMwGyFRXuLGqkl_j570uXLJipHOXZ-lIV-JwwAT-8wxPcOG09Re091nCbLY/s750/The%20liquidation%20value%20in%20the%20exposure%20tab%20in%20MetaTrader%205%20program.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;قيمة التصفية في تبويب التعرض في برنامج ميتاتريدر 5 The liquidation value in the exposure tab in MetaTrader 5 program&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;343&quot; data-original-width=&quot;750&quot; height=&quot;292&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjILR0WarchdEwa1hHQvj_t7D9kMYVSrucxHqdiiBd5rjhxUoCzCC4nNibBZUo8zDQaPL8q68aviL5BLwJPN6PdTyS_H3YwL4u8JdWiZHBfziK0kXFBlKruxwkmGZxytJ-4YgMwGyFRXuLGqkl_j570uXLJipHOXZ-lIV-JwwAT-8wxPcOG09Re091nCbLY/w640-h292/The%20liquidation%20value%20in%20the%20exposure%20tab%20in%20MetaTrader%205%20program.png&quot; title=&quot;قيمة التصفية في تبويب التعرض في برنامج ميتاتريدر 5 The liquidation value in the exposure tab in MetaTrader 5 program&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;يمكن أن تشير قيمة التصفية في MetaTrader 5 إلى شيئين، اعتمادًا على ما تبحث عنه:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;1. Liquidation Level:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;هذه هي النقطة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;التي سيتم عندها إغلاق مراكزك المفتوحة تلقائيًا بواسطة المنصة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بسبب عدم كفاية الهامش.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;يتم التعبير عنها كنسبة مئوية من رصيد حسابك.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;عندما ينخفض ​​مستوى الهامش الخاص بك إلى ما دون هذه النقطة،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;يبدأ MetaTrader 5 في تصفية مراكزك،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;بدءًا من الصفقة ذات أكبر ربح وخسارة سلبية غير محققة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;حتى يرتفع مستوى الهامش الخاص بك فوق العتبة الحرجة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;2. Liquidation Price:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;هذا هو السعر المحدد الذي سيتم عنده تصفية مركز معين&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;إذا انخفض مستوى الهامش الخاص بك إلى مستوى التصفية.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;ويتم حسابه بناءً على سعر الدخول والرافعة المالية وسعر السوق الحالي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;يمكنك عرض سعر التصفية لكل مركز على حدة داخل المنصة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;نقاط إضافية يجب مراعاتها:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;b id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-829f29c7-7fff-8a04-0c22-556f226a82d8&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;قد يقوم الوسطاء المختلفون&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بتحديد مستويات تصفية افتراضية مختلفة لعملائهم.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;يمكنك عادة العثور على هذه المعلومات&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;في وثائق الوسيط الخاص بك&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;أو عن طريق الاتصال بدعم العملاء الخاص بهم.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;يمكنك ضبط مستوى التصفية الخاص بك&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;ضمن حدود معينة ضمن إعدادات المنصة.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;ومع ذلك،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;ضع في اعتبارك&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;أن خفض المستوى يزيد من خطر التصفية التلقائية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;من الضروري إدارة المخاطر بشكل فعال&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;واستخدام أوامر وقف الخسارة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;للتحكم في خسائرك المحتملة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;وتجنب التصفية القسرية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;h1 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 24pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;MetaTrader 5 Build 1430: Updated Exposure tab&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h1 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 24pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;16 سبتمبر 2016&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;h3 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;منصة الميتاتريدر&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;تم تنفيذ الخوارزمية الجديدة لتشكيل علامة تبويب التعرض لسوق الصرف.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;الآن، تقوم المنصة بتكييف عرض الأصول&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;اعتمادًا على نظام إدارة المخاطر المطبق على حساب التداول:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;نموذج تداول العملات الأجنبية أو العقود الآجلة أو البورصة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;يعد قسم الأصول مفيدًا لأولئك الذين يتداولون الفوركس أو العقود الآجلة في البورصة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;ويظهر وضعهم الحالي في السوق.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;يمكن العثور على نفس العملات في مجموعة متنوعة من الرموز المختلفة:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;كواحدة من العملات في زوج، أو كعملة أساسية، وما إلى ذلك.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;على سبيل المثال،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;قد يكون لديك مراكز موجهة بشكل معاكس&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;على GBPUSD، و USD JPY، و GBP JPY.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;في هذه الحالة، من الصعب جدًا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;فهم مقدار العملة التي لديك والمبلغ الذي تحتاجه&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;وجود أكثر من ثلاث وظائف يزيد من تعقيد المهمة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;في هذه الحالة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;يمكن رؤية الحالة الإجمالية للحساب بسهولة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;في علامة التبويب الأصول.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;دعونا نستخدم نفس المواضع الثلاثة كمثال:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;قم بشراء عقد واحد من الجنيه الإسترليني مقابل الين الياباني&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;بسعر 134.027 —&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;واحصل على 100000 جنيه إسترليني،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;وحصل على 134027000 ين ياباني&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;بيع عقد واحد من زوج الدولار الأمريكي مقابل الين الياباني&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;بسعر 102.320 —&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;بمنح 100000 دولار أمريكي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;واستلام 102320000 ين ياباني&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;بيع عقد واحد من الجنيه الإسترليني مقابل الدولار الأميركي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;بسعر 1.30923 -&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;بإعطائك 100000 جنيه إسترليني،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;واستلام 103920 دولارًا أمريكيًا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;لقد قمنا بشراء وبيع 100000 جنيه إسترليني في وقت واحد.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;لدينا 0 جنيه إسترليني،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;ولا تعرض علامة التبويب &quot;الأصول&quot; هذه العملة.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;اعتبارًا من الدولار الأمريكي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;أعطينا عملة في حالة واستلمناها في حالة أخرى.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;تقوم علامة التبويب &quot;الأصول&quot;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;بحساب النتيجة النهائية وإضافتها إلى الرصيد الحالي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;نظرًا لأن عملة الإيداع هي الدولار الأمريكي أيضًا.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;شارك الين الياباني في صفقتين&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;مما يعني أن علامة التبويب تعرض قيمته الإجمالية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 269px; overflow: hidden; width: 602px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;246&quot; src=&quot;https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/qAXK0koHTxPuojik5uvymBY7fJskO3W5izEerUw4mwEPSHXNshRQe87cXabC1s6K7GYYgGYQA4iIqNUuit-N1jv2IxIZXxvzKlUxGTGax0IHoR3uOUVT0rYiZUO24oYH5y1wFFobSmFOEutaDHq02yY=w603-h246&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;قيمة التصفية في تبويب التعرض في برنامج ميتاتريدر 5&quot; width=&quot;603&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;يمكن لأولئك الذين يستخدمون نموذج التبادل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;استخدام هذا القسم&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;لفهم كيفية استخدام أموالهم.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;على عكس النموذج السابق،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;يتم سحب/إضافة الأموال مباشرة عند تنفيذ الصفقات.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;على سبيل المثال،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;إذا قمت بشراء EUR RUB،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;فستتلقى اليورو مرة واحدة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;بينما يتم سحب المبلغ المناسب بالروبل الروسي من الرصيد.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;أثناء التداول،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;قد يصبح رصيد الحساب سلبيًا:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;عندما تستخدم الأموال المقترضة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;بينما يتم استخدام الأصول المشتراة كضمان.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;في هذه الحالة،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;تتيح لك علامة التبويب &quot;الأصول&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;فهم حالة حساب التداول بسهولة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;بالإضافة إلى ذلك،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;يمكنك رؤية &lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000;&quot;&gt;قيمة التصفية &lt;/span&gt;هنا&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;- مبلغ الأموال الموجودة في الحساب&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;وسعر (نتيجة) إغلاق جميع المراكز الحالية بسعر السوق.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 275px; overflow: hidden; width: 602px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;276&quot; src=&quot;https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/oiZsDzzIWMROZ1QfxNfDAM2Ytx-aFH5t_B__eMFCPHek1ZZ8m7E6LguE3oDb1MVdw0hk9605RysPXPnAZoga1Asl38_XpkKs0f5MEb37HisZgoYpeUA19rOENHR_41KNYKjsvUTVbPTyNaUY8GO65cA=w605-h276&quot; style=&quot;cursor: wait; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;قيمة التصفية في تبويب التعرض في برنامج ميتاتريدر 5&quot; width=&quot;605&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.metatrader5.com/en/releasenotes/terminal/1375&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1155cc; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;https://www.metatrader5.com/en/releasenotes/terminal/1375&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;color: black; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&quot;On the updated Exposure tab, you can see the liquidation value.&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/feeds/4238944500132093182/comments/default' title='تعليقات الرسالة'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2024/01/5.html#comment-form' title='0 تعليقات'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/4238944500132093182'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/4238944500132093182'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2024/01/5.html' title='قيمة التصفية في تبويب التعرض في برنامج ميتاتريدر 5'/><author><name>abdullah aljinaahi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07428918488938833478</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='22' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYirY3kNAlfPPymszGVtS-DEa2BHrEVm36W05dVXGVI7a6GLOVK2sHMAOVqx06mbRjPkM0RIZNzHQqxCN1YidFAQeKKS4RCboWIQL9VHuRqed4wAuVsla1wpgV2apcAA/s113/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9.PNG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjILR0WarchdEwa1hHQvj_t7D9kMYVSrucxHqdiiBd5rjhxUoCzCC4nNibBZUo8zDQaPL8q68aviL5BLwJPN6PdTyS_H3YwL4u8JdWiZHBfziK0kXFBlKruxwkmGZxytJ-4YgMwGyFRXuLGqkl_j570uXLJipHOXZ-lIV-JwwAT-8wxPcOG09Re091nCbLY/s72-w640-h292-c/The%20liquidation%20value%20in%20the%20exposure%20tab%20in%20MetaTrader%205%20program.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2756764865486377695.post-6270989310915387088</id><published>2023-12-30T01:21:00.005+03:00</published><updated>2023-12-30T01:28:44.942+03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="الميزانية العمومية للبنك المركزي"/><title type='text'>كيفية اصلاح البنك المركزي الأرجنتيني  </title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كيفية اصلاح البنك المركزي How to fix the central bank&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-2783358e-7fff-769e-de89-59349d7de8da&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Milei has to solve BCRA’s flow problem&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h1 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 24pt 0pt 6pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 3pt solid rgb(0, 0, 0); display: inline-block; font-size: medium; height: 110px; overflow: hidden; width: 80px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;110&quot; src=&quot;https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/gOrQrQxulPflDz01z_dUCzHhlYE7jpgeBlE2isaD57Bow0z972McB8nigh1TQ04y-Gvz0R2tyBULFZ8NW_bXBlT8EN-wEURZHyrHrVLxSNewWITNDUvkPEL8L7rk6sV83g5WnmLBM4_7jiTIaqCVnDE&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;80&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;h1 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 2.11765; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://substack.com/profile/20909956-chris-marsh&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;كريس مارش&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;h1 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 2.11765; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #404040; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;20 نوفمبر 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;h1 dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 24pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Milei’s challenge&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Chris Marsh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;11/20/2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;انتصار المرشح الليبرالي المتطرف في الأرجنتين،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;خافيير ميلي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;قد يؤدي أخيراً إلى إطلاق التدابير اللازمة لهزيمة التضخم.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بعد فوزه،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أكد ميلي على &quot;إصلاح المشاكل&quot; في البنك المركزي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهو تخفيف واضح لموقفه من أجل &quot;إلغاء&quot; البنك المركزي الأرجنتيني (BCRA).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ونظراً للتحدي المرتبط بإلغاء البنك المركزي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وخاصة الافتقار إلى العملة الصعبة اللازمة لتحل محل البيزو في الأرجنتين.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ومع النقص المحتمل في دعم المجتمع الدولي لمثل هذه الخطوة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فمن المحتمل أن يكون هذا تغييراً معقولاً في اللهجة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولكن ما الذي يجب القيام به؟&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;نظرة إلى الوراء على السنوات الأربع الأخيرة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من الميزانية العمومية لـ BCRA&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;توفر بعض الأدلة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لقد كانت رحلة رائعة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مدتها 4 سنوات للبنك المركزي الأرجنتيني (BCRA)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كما يظهر من خلال لقطة للميزانية العمومية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يعيد الجدول أدناه&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;صياغة البيان المالي الأسبوعي لـ BCRA&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;في شكل تحليلي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;اعتبارًا من 7 نوفمبر من هذا العام،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهو أحدث إصدار متاح،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وفي نفس التاريخ من عام 2019، تقريبًا آخر تغيير في الإدارة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يتم أخذ بيانات الناتج المحلي الإجمالي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من أحدث قاعدة بيانات لآفاق الاقتصاد العالمي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على الرغم من&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;أن قيمة الناتج المحلي الإجمالي بالدولار لهذا العام تم تعديلها&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وفقًا لأحدث سعر صرف رسمي لكل بيزو أرجنتيني مقابل دولار أمريكي.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وحتى مع هذا التعديل، فمن المشكوك فيه&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أن تكون قيمة الناتج المحلي الإجمالي بالدولار&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;قد زادت بنسبة 11% على مدى السنوات الأربع الماضية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهي إشارة أخرى إلى سعر رسمي مبالغ فيه.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ولكن هذا جيد بما فيه الكفاية لاغراضنا.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;تبرز ثلاثة أشياء:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;أولاً،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;شهدت السنوات الأربع الماضية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;انخفاضاً في &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;صافي الأصول الأجنبية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بنحو 25 مليار دولار أمريكي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أي حوالي 6.5% من الناتج المحلي الإجمالي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ليصل إلى &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;سالب 5 مليارات دولار أمريكي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على الرغم من القيود المفروضة على &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ضوابط رأس المال&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لقد تم تشغيل &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الاحتياطيات الإجمالية الحقيقية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; بالقرب من الصفر؛&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فقط من خلال النقر على&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;خط المبادلة التابع لبنك الشعب الصيني (PBOC)،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ستتمكن الأرجنتين من توليد أي سيولة من العملات الأجنبية.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;السيولة بالدولار تكاد تكون معدومة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;ثانياً،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;زاد &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;صافي الأصول المحلية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بمقدار 76 مليار دولار أمريكي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أو 14% من الناتج المحلي الإجمالي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويرجع ذلك أساساً&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إلى زيادة &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;المطالبات على الأوراق المالية الحكومية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بقيمة 99.5 مليار دولار أمريكي؛&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويعكس التحرك المعاكس في &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;صافي حقوق الملكية المحاولة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;التي بُذلت في عام 2019 لتقييم الأصول بشكل صحيح&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(تسجيل &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;صافي حقوق ملكية سلبي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; لبعض الوقت)،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهو جهد قصير الأجل لتحقيق الشفافية المحاسبية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والذي تم تفكيكه عندما تم المبالغة في تقدير قيمة الأصول مرة أخرى.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على مدى السنوات الأربع الماضية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كانت إدارة فرنانديز والعديد من وزراء المالية،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;تحت جناح برنامج صندوق النقد الدولي،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;تمضي قدماً في برنامج السياسة الكلية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;القائم على البنك المركزي المفلس.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هذا يجب أن يتغير.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;ثالثًا،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ارتفع&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; إجمالي الالتزامات النقدية وشبه النقدية لبنك BCRA&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بحوالي 52 مليار دولار أمريكي،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أي حوالي 7.5% من الناتج المحلي الإجمالي،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ويرجع ذلك أساسًا&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إلى &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;التوسع في الفواتير (LELIQs) لامتصاص السيولة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتوفير وسيلة للادخار المحلي بمعدل فائدة حقيقي نصف لائق.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويبلغ إجمالي المخزون القائم من &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;سندات السيولة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; هذه اليوم&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;حوالي 65 مليار دولار أمريكي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;أو حوالي 15٪ من الناتج المحلي الإجمالي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 371px; overflow: hidden; width: 602px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;370&quot; src=&quot;https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/t_CokgNPSUyZVvY2nrvvP33Pp1Gem8g7s0IlkKVOjnIZu6tEegcns2TIHL5V-87Da8GffSu0XT4UGQSNez1_rzF28e0de1HLtCIctWVSEOG-1f3TCPWcKCTqrG48VBeyEVdLJ3dPGr_2Kh-gj4MMyBw=w602-h370&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;the Central Bank of Argentina&quot; width=&quot;602&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وبطبيعة الحال، كما هو الحال&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مع &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تحليل القدرة على تحمل الدين العام،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ليست حقوق الملكية هي التي تهم حقا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;- بل التدفقات الضمنية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;واحتمال الميزانيات العمومية ذات المخاطر الجامحة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كل ما يهم لفهم الميزانية العمومية لـ BCRA&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هو حقيقة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;أن الفائدة على الأوراق المالية لـ BCRA&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تتجاوز الآن 100٪ سنويًا - في الواقع 133٪.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وبعبارة أخرى،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;فإن قيمة LELIQs المستحقة، مقاسة بالعملة المحلية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;سوف تزيد عن الضعف خلال الأشهر الـ 12 المقبلة.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;في الواقع،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;يتم نشرها كل أسبوع أو أسبوعين،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لذا فإن تعقيد القصة بشكل صحيح هو الأسوأ.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولكن لنفترض&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;أنها زادت بمقدار 1.3 مرة خلال الـ 12 شهرًا القادمة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ثم تبلغ فاتورة الفائدة BCRA&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ما يقرب من 20٪ من الناتج المحلي الإجمالي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وكيف يقوم البنك المركزي بخدمة هذه الالتزامات؟&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;عادةً ما تكون هناك أربعة تعويضات لهذا،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولكن تم تآكلها بحيث يتوفر واحد فقط حاليًا.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أولا،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;يمكن لبنك BRCA&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أن يحصل على فائدة على الأوراق المالية المحلية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;- لكن الحكومة حشوت البنك المركزي بأوراق مالية منخفضة الفائدة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وبالتالي فإن الأصول المحلية توفر تعويضا محدودا لتكلفة التعقيم.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ثانياً،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يمكن لبنك BCRA&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أن يحصل على فوائد على الاحتياطيات الدولية.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولكن إجمالي الاحتياطيات الحقيقية تضاءلت إلى ما يقرب من الصفر،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وأصبح خط مقايضة بنك الشعب الصيني&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بمثابة أصل يستنزف الفوائد وليس أصلاً مدراً للفائدة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ثالثا،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;حتى وقت قريب،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كان انخفاض قيمة العملة المحلية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على الأقل،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;يؤدي إلى إعادة تقييم صافي الأصول الأجنبية لبنك BCRA&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;- لزيادة قيمة الاحتياطيات بالعملة المحلية مقارنة بالتزامات dx&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وزيادة تعقيم الاحتياطيات المتاحة لكل دولار.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;رابعا،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;سيؤدي التضخم إلى زيادة الطلب على العملة المتداولة في المعاملات اليومية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مما يزيد الطلب على التزامات البنك المركزي ذات الفائدة الصفرية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وعندما تفشل هذه المصادر،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لا يكون لدى بنك BCRA&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;خيار سوى تسييل فاتورة الفائدة الخاصة به&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;- مما يؤدي إلى إنشاء المزيد من وحدات العملة المحلية،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;مما يتطلب تعقيم المزيد من الأموال،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والتصرف مثل كلب يطارد ذيله.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وبما أن&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;آخر المنافذ الأربعة المتاحة حاليًا&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لدعم فاتورة الفائدة للبنك المركزي،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;فإن المزيد من طباعة الأموال وتسارع التضخم&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هي الوسيلة الوحيدة للتغلب على اختلال التوازن في التدفق.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولا عجب أن التضخم كان يتسارع.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولكن الآن&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بعد أن أصبح صافي الأصول الأجنبية لبنك BCRA سلبيا،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فإن انخفاض قيمة العملة يجعل الأمور أسوأ&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ــ من خلال زيادة صافي الالتزامات الأجنبية وجعل الأمور أسوأ.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولو لم يتم انتخاب ميلي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مع تصميمه على إصلاح الميزانية العمومية للبنك المركزي،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;فمن المحتمل&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أن يكون التضخم المفرط هو المرحلة التالية من الجنون النقدي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من الصعب التأكد من أن ميلي لديه المقياس الصحيح للتحدي.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وعلى أية حال،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فإن السياسة الداخلية ستجعل من الصعب عليه أن يفي بوعده.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كيف يمكن إصلاح هذا؟&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;حسنًا،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كان البنك المركزي الأرجنتيني يعاني من عجز مستتر&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ربما بلغ 10% من الناتج المحلي الإجمالي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على مدى الأشهر الاثني عشر الماضية؛&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ارتفاعًا من حوالي 3٪ من الناتج المحلي الإجمالي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;في مطلع الإدارة الأخيرة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;المستثمرون عالقون في مخطط بونزي الذي على وشك أن يتم حله.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وبطبيعة الحال،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;فإن تعديل سعر الصرف بشكل كبير أمر ضروري&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لجعل البيزو يتماشى مع الأساسيات&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;- وهو أمر ضروري ولكنه غير كاف.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولكي ينجح هذا،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ومن أجل &quot;إصلاح&quot; البنك المركزي بشكل حقيقي،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;يتعين على ميلي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;أن يحل مشكلة التدفق في BCRA.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويمكن القيام بذلك عن طريق&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;تحويل سندات LELIQ إلى أوراق مالية حكومية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بدلاً من المطالبات غير المباشرة للمودعين على الحكومة عبر البنوك&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;من خلال المطالبات على البنك المركزي.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وإذا كان هذا ينطوي على التحويل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;إلى مطالبات ذات فترات استحقاق أطول، فهذا أفضل،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولو على حساب المدخرين.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أو من الممكن أن يتم ذلك&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من خلال إعادة رسملة BCRA بفائدة تحمل ضمانًا حكوميًا&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لتطهير الفوائد التي كان من الممكن دفعها على LELIQs&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بحكم الأمر الواقع،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مما يعيد التكلفة إلى السلطات المالية.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهذا من شأنه أن يحافظ على سيولة المطالبات على البنك المركزي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لكنه يساهم في البداية في ديناميكيات الدين العام الأكثر سوءًا.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;علاوة على ذلك،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لا ينبغي لنا أن ننسى&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أن دعم BCRA&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يجب أن يسمح بتراكم الاحتياطيات في المستقبل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;مما سيسهم في صافي الدخل السلبي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;- وبالتالي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;فإن خلاصة البنك المركزي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يجب أن تسمح بهيكل الميزانية العمومية في المستقبل.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بمعنى آخر،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من المهم عدم تكرار أخطاء إدارة ماكري.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وأياً كان الحل&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فإن العجز المالي الحقيقي في الأسابيع المقبلة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لابد أن يتبين أنه أسوأ كثيراً من أي شيء معترف به حتى الآن.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولسوء الحظ،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;فإن هذا لا يؤدي إلا إلى حل مشكلة الاستدامة الشاملة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولن يتمكن أي قدر من التكيف المالي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من توليد النقد الأجنبي اللازم لخدمة الدين الخارجي؛&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ومع ذلك،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فإن إفقار السكان&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من خلال الانكماش المالي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وانخفاض سعر الصرف&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;سيؤدي إلى ضغط الواردات&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لسداد الديون للدائنين الخارجيين.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هذا الأخير غير مقبول.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويتعين على الدائنين الخارجيين&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;أن يتحملوا مسؤوليتهم عن الفوضى التي تشهدها الأرجنتين.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وبالتالي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فإن الحل العادل&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;سيتطلب من الدائنين الخارجيين،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بما في ذلك صندوق النقد الدولي،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الحد من عبء التدفقات الخارجية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتحرير عائدات النقد الأجنبي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لدعم السكان المحليين الذين تضرروا بالفعل&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بسبب عقود من سوء إدارة الاقتصاد الكلي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتدفقات رأس المال المزعزعة للاستقرار.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لقد حان الوقت الآن لكي تدعم جميع الأطراف الأرجنتين.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لا تضمن شركة Exante Advisors, LLC وExante Data, Inc.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والشركات التابعة لها (يشار إليها معًا باسم &quot;Exante&quot;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;أن المعلومات المقدمة هنا&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;صحيحة أو دقيقة أو حديثة أو خالية من الأخطاء أو موثوقة بأي شكل آخر.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;تنكر EXANTE بموجب هذا أي ضمانات، صريحة أو ضمنية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://moneyinsideout.exantedata.com/p/mileis-challenge&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1155cc; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;https://moneyinsideout.exantedata.com/p/mileis-challenge&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;iframe id=&quot;opencvFrame&quot; name=&quot;opencvFrame&quot; src=&quot;chrome-extension://hmigninkgibhdckiaphhmbgcghochdjc/opencvHandler.html&quot; style=&quot;display: none; height: 700px; width: 700px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;iframe id=&quot;ocrFrame&quot; name=&quot;ocrFrame&quot; src=&quot;chrome-extension://hmigninkgibhdckiaphhmbgcghochdjc/ocr.html&quot; style=&quot;display: none; height: 700px; width: 700px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;iframe id=&quot;opencvFrame&quot; name=&quot;opencvFrame&quot; src=&quot;chrome-extension://hmigninkgibhdckiaphhmbgcghochdjc/opencvHandler.html&quot; style=&quot;display: none; height: 700px; width: 700px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;iframe id=&quot;ocrFrame&quot; name=&quot;ocrFrame&quot; src=&quot;chrome-extension://hmigninkgibhdckiaphhmbgcghochdjc/ocr.html&quot; style=&quot;display: none; height: 700px; width: 700px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;iframe id=&quot;opencvFrame&quot; name=&quot;opencvFrame&quot; src=&quot;chrome-extension://hmigninkgibhdckiaphhmbgcghochdjc/opencvHandler.html&quot; style=&quot;display: none; height: 700px; width: 700px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;iframe id=&quot;ocrFrame&quot; name=&quot;ocrFrame&quot; src=&quot;chrome-extension://hmigninkgibhdckiaphhmbgcghochdjc/ocr.html&quot; style=&quot;display: none; height: 700px; width: 700px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;iframe id=&quot;opencvFrame&quot; name=&quot;opencvFrame&quot; src=&quot;chrome-extension://hmigninkgibhdckiaphhmbgcghochdjc/opencvHandler.html&quot; style=&quot;display: none; height: 700px; width: 700px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;iframe id=&quot;ocrFrame&quot; name=&quot;ocrFrame&quot; src=&quot;chrome-extension://hmigninkgibhdckiaphhmbgcghochdjc/ocr.html&quot; style=&quot;display: none; height: 700px; width: 700px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/feeds/6270989310915387088/comments/default' title='تعليقات الرسالة'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2023/12/how-to-reform-central-bank-of-argentina.html#comment-form' title='0 تعليقات'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/6270989310915387088'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/6270989310915387088'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2023/12/how-to-reform-central-bank-of-argentina.html' title='كيفية اصلاح البنك المركزي الأرجنتيني  '/><author><name>abdullah aljinaahi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07428918488938833478</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='22' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYirY3kNAlfPPymszGVtS-DEa2BHrEVm36W05dVXGVI7a6GLOVK2sHMAOVqx06mbRjPkM0RIZNzHQqxCN1YidFAQeKKS4RCboWIQL9VHuRqed4wAuVsla1wpgV2apcAA/s113/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9.PNG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/gOrQrQxulPflDz01z_dUCzHhlYE7jpgeBlE2isaD57Bow0z972McB8nigh1TQ04y-Gvz0R2tyBULFZ8NW_bXBlT8EN-wEURZHyrHrVLxSNewWITNDUvkPEL8L7rk6sV83g5WnmLBM4_7jiTIaqCVnDE=s72-c" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2756764865486377695.post-2798490698402258230</id><published>2023-12-24T22:16:00.001+03:00</published><updated>2023-12-24T22:16:12.205+03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="الميزانية العمومية للبنك المركزي"/><title type='text'>إطار استهداف التضخم واثره على الميزانية العمومية لبنك تايلاند</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1f2300; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: 700; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الميزانية العمومية لبنك تايلاند&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-8b02176f-7fff-30a2-fb18-b5ebce3cd32b&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d3000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;قام بنك تايلاند بتشغيل نظام استهداف التضخم منذ عام 2000.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ومنذ عام 2009،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تم تكليف بنك تايلاند بالحفاظ على التضخم بين 0.5% و3.0%.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يستخدم بنك تايلاند سعر الفائدة قصير الأجل كهدف تشغيلي له،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والذي يتم تعديله بشكل متكرر من قبل لجنة السياسة النقدية التابعة له&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(الرسم البياني A).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d3000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 455px; overflow: hidden; width: 470px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;بنك تايلاند سعر الفائدة قصير الأجل كهدف تشغيلي له&quot; src=&quot;https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/6Qbi6tOE7SLlN6Vt3JI7MwerafHsub4-Cgqr0QRn1TDwF8rCHfbspZPyHVx7SrA5El7ajm8oXZLaSFoDS6VbVveD3NCItijQ8bMPoT4t0uynBrio5uEUYmSr4hRe86_cVkXkkuBb6c-xlJx4M2aOLsc=s16000&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;بنك تايلاند سعر الفائدة قصير الأجل كهدف تشغيلي له&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d3000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وبالإضافة إلى&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;استهداف مستوى الأسعار المحلية،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d3000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;احتفظ بنك تايلاند لسنوات عديدة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بالحق في التدخل في أسواق الصرف الأجنبي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d3000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;للحد مما اعتبره تقلبات زائدة في سعر صرف البات التايلاندي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;في السنوات الأخيرة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ونتيجة لانخفاض الاعتماد على الصناعات التصديرية كثيفة العمالة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;سمح بنك تايلاند للبات بالتعويم بحرية أكبر.(1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #252800; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ونتيجة للتدخلات في أسواق العملات الأجنبية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #252800; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;قام بنك تايلاند ببناء احتياطيات كبيرة من النقد الأجنبي.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إن تأثير ذلك على التزاماته&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هو أنه للحفاظ على أسعار الفائدة في السوق بما يتماشى مع سعر الفائدة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يجب على بنك تايلاند امتصاص السيولة الزائدة من السوق،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إلى حد كبير من خلال إصدار الأوراق المالية الخاصة به&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(الرسم البياني B).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #252800; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 502px; overflow: hidden; width: 456px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;بنك تايلاند، إصدار الأوراق المالية الخاصة به&quot; src=&quot;https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/6zri3JW31MVyxEPfNw-lLfTKl1GBxmdO5w_5Ctp7Aq-XSqdkqC_xJqa4xGaPkJ-a4Alc7mvLVyaQMU3g5o8eRKsFXEM-uBfweXubzexbpCchZc_iAIIOcBz53G48WefRy4feVWP6m5KvYsrZZNx8zPg=s16000&quot; style=&quot;cursor: wait; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;بنك تايلاند امتصاص السيولة الزائدة من السوق&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #252800; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(1) راجع BIS 2013&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #252800; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; للحصول على نظرة عامة على سياسات سعر الصرف لدى بنك تايلاند.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #252800; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ومن الآثار الجانبية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; لعملية الامتصاص او التعقيم&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #252800; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #252800; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أن بنك تايلاند شهد انخفاضًا في رأسماله بعد عدد من السنوات&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #252800; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;حيث سجل خسائر&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #252800; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;نتيجة لانخفاض العائدات على أصول النقد الأجنبي التي يحتفظ بها.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/feeds/2798490698402258230/comments/default' title='تعليقات الرسالة'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2023/12/blog-post_32.html#comment-form' title='0 تعليقات'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/2798490698402258230'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/2798490698402258230'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2023/12/blog-post_32.html' title='إطار استهداف التضخم واثره على الميزانية العمومية لبنك تايلاند'/><author><name>abdullah aljinaahi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07428918488938833478</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='22' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYirY3kNAlfPPymszGVtS-DEa2BHrEVm36W05dVXGVI7a6GLOVK2sHMAOVqx06mbRjPkM0RIZNzHQqxCN1YidFAQeKKS4RCboWIQL9VHuRqed4wAuVsla1wpgV2apcAA/s113/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9.PNG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/6Qbi6tOE7SLlN6Vt3JI7MwerafHsub4-Cgqr0QRn1TDwF8rCHfbspZPyHVx7SrA5El7ajm8oXZLaSFoDS6VbVveD3NCItijQ8bMPoT4t0uynBrio5uEUYmSr4hRe86_cVkXkkuBb6c-xlJx4M2aOLsc=s72-c" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2756764865486377695.post-430959727669145093</id><published>2023-12-24T22:08:00.001+03:00</published><updated>2023-12-24T22:08:21.638+03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="الميزانية العمومية للبنك المركزي"/><title type='text'> إطار استهداف سعر الصرف و اثره على الميزانية العمومية للبنك المركزي-هونغ كونغ</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: 700; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الميزانية العمومية لسلطة النقد في هونج كونج&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-96044d1d-7fff-2698-9962-51c90b954753&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تأسست سلطة النقد في هونغ كونغ (HKMA) في عام 1993&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بعد دمج&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مكتب هونغ كونغ لصندوق الصرف&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ومكتب هونغ كونغ لمفوض الخدمات المصرفية.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الهدف الرئيسي لهيئة النقد&amp;nbsp;(مجلس العملة)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هو الحفاظ على نظام ربط العملة طويل الأمد في هونج كونج.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;منذ عام 2005،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;تم تثبيت دولار هونج كونج ضمن نطاق ضيق مقابل الدولار الأمريكي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;1 دولار أمريكي = 7.75 دولار هونج كونج - 7.85 دولار هونج كونج.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;للحفاظ على الربط، او &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px; font-weight: 700; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;استهداف سعر الصرف&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;تضمن هيئة النقد في هونج كونج&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إمكانية التحويل المباشر بين دولار هونج كونج والدولار الأمريكي.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وللقيام بذلك،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فإنها تحتفظ بكميات كبيرة من احتياطيات النقد الأجنبي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;التي يمكنها استخدامها&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لتعويض الانخفاض أو الزيادة عند تعويض ارتفاع القيمة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;تتدخل هيئة HKMA تلقائيًا&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;عندما تصل العملة إلى حدود النطاق&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;و تحتفظ بالحق في التدخل في أوقات أخرى&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إذا اقتضت ظروف السوق ذلك.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000;&quot;&gt;والنتيجة النهائية لهذا الترتيب&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هي أن هيكل وحجم الميزانية العمومية لهيئة النقد في هونج كونج&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000;&quot;&gt;خارجي المنشأ و يتأثر بالتغيرات في سعر الصرف.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على وجه الخصوص،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;عندما تقترب العملة من أسفل النطاق (أي يرتفع دولار هونج كونج)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تقوم هيئة النقد في هونج كونج تلقائيًا&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بشراء أصول بالعملة الأجنبية في السوق مقابل أصول بالعملة المحلية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مما يؤدي إلى زيادة حجم ميزانيتها العمومية (الرسم البياني A).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 478px; overflow: hidden; width: 518px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;الميزانية العمومية لسلطة النقد في هونج كونج&quot; src=&quot;https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/B73TiE-Vy3ESVp5RQpD_OiHh1EFmYmvHyNSZWSkxXuPJh3QCVrqPWEWUxHrU_5526lg1acancRqTN6kgIg0uxvvR670OqvLO_c36KdK74moB8t-1MJS6ynoBK0O76LniK0TsNmc06g5GG5nR4GIyEtY=s16000&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;سلطة النقد في هونغ كونغ (HKMA)&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الرسم البياني سعر صرف دولار هونج كونج واحتياطيات HKMA من العملات الأجنبية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;المصادر: Datastream و HKMA.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/feeds/430959727669145093/comments/default' title='تعليقات الرسالة'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2023/12/blog-post_86.html#comment-form' title='0 تعليقات'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/430959727669145093'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/430959727669145093'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2023/12/blog-post_86.html' title=' إطار استهداف سعر الصرف و اثره على الميزانية العمومية للبنك المركزي-هونغ كونغ'/><author><name>abdullah aljinaahi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07428918488938833478</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='22' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYirY3kNAlfPPymszGVtS-DEa2BHrEVm36W05dVXGVI7a6GLOVK2sHMAOVqx06mbRjPkM0RIZNzHQqxCN1YidFAQeKKS4RCboWIQL9VHuRqed4wAuVsla1wpgV2apcAA/s113/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9.PNG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/B73TiE-Vy3ESVp5RQpD_OiHh1EFmYmvHyNSZWSkxXuPJh3QCVrqPWEWUxHrU_5526lg1acancRqTN6kgIg0uxvvR670OqvLO_c36KdK74moB8t-1MJS6ynoBK0O76LniK0TsNmc06g5GG5nR4GIyEtY=s72-c" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2756764865486377695.post-2161594894446529621</id><published>2023-12-24T21:45:00.000+03:00</published><updated>2023-12-24T21:45:07.081+03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="الميزانية العمومية للبنك المركزي"/><title type='text'> ميزانية البنك المركزي في ظل استهداف التضخم واستهداف سعر الصرف</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;**العلاقة بين إطار السياسة النقدية و ميزانية البنك المركزي**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-e95a26b2-7fff-7aaf-96eb-fc9e43f4f53d&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2b00fe;&quot;&gt;ميزانية البنك المركزي في ظل استهداف التضخم&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;في ظل استهداف التضخم،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بافتراض&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أن البنك المركزي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;يسمح لسعر الصرف بالتعويم بحرية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ولا يوجد تسييل للدين الحكومي،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;فإن الميزانية العمومية للبنك المركزي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ستتميز بعمليات نقدية مصممة للتحكم في سعر الفائدة قصير الأجل.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;إذا نجح البنك المركزي في تحقيق تضخم منخفض ومستقر،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;فيجب أن يكون هناك تقلبات قليلة في الميزانية العمومية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويجب أن تنمو الميزانية العمومية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مع زيادة الطلب على التزامات البنك المركزي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مع زيادة حجم وقيمة المعاملات في الاقتصاد.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2b00fe;&quot;&gt;ميزانية البنك المركزي في ظل استهداف سعر الصرف&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;في ظل استهداف سعر الصرف،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;إذا كان البنك المركزي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يسعى إلى تحقيق هدف سعر الصرف،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فقد يقوم البنك المركزي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ببناء حيازاته من الأصول الأجنبية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إما لتسهيل التدخل لتعويض انخفاض قيمة العملة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أو كمنتج ثنائي للتدخل لتعويض ارتفاع قيمة العملة.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ومن الممكن&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أن تتجاوز الزيادة الناتجة في الأصول الأجنبية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الطلب الطبيعي على التزامات البنك المركزي لأغراض المعاملات.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;وفي مثل هذه الحالات،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تتميز التزامات البنك المركزي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إما باحتياطيات البنك التجاري الحرة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(التي تزيد عن تلك اللازمة للوفاء بمتطلبات الاحتياطي)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أو بعمليات البنك المركزي لامتصاص هذه الاحتياطيات.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/feeds/2161594894446529621/comments/default' title='تعليقات الرسالة'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2023/12/blog-post_24.html#comment-form' title='0 تعليقات'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/2161594894446529621'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/2161594894446529621'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2023/12/blog-post_24.html' title=' ميزانية البنك المركزي في ظل استهداف التضخم واستهداف سعر الصرف'/><author><name>abdullah aljinaahi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07428918488938833478</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='22' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYirY3kNAlfPPymszGVtS-DEa2BHrEVm36W05dVXGVI7a6GLOVK2sHMAOVqx06mbRjPkM0RIZNzHQqxCN1YidFAQeKKS4RCboWIQL9VHuRqed4wAuVsla1wpgV2apcAA/s113/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9.PNG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2756764865486377695.post-7481522958438955331</id><published>2023-12-23T00:29:00.004+03:00</published><updated>2023-12-23T00:35:03.905+03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="الميزانية العمومية للبنك المركزي"/><title type='text'> ميزانية البنك المركزي في حالتي ارتفاع  وانخفاض الاصول الاجنبية</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;جدول E ارتفاع قيمة العملة- ميزانية البنك المركزي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;جدول F انخفاض قيمة العملة- ميزانية البنك المركزي&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;يلاحظ&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;زيادة وتقلص الاحتياطيات الفائضة مقابل زيادة&amp;nbsp; وتقلص الاصول الاجنبية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbwBPQsUN8YP8E6Oer4H7XJmgkFZC3WGGesDSp3bfNf-uSsvGKYDUG1n2Vl13wRpiGu0h-k229FMVrqXEBc3qpFx6ADbuSfAuCUxFq6UNknFfMl5UD04I3mgUTui1UiDFwsOsuiJf-bbB3v0DF6r6N1dTUkO2qtVM-iN0KdTcBB3-yknulYQSHfrYd4RsM/s794/Screenshot%202023-12-22%20235503.png&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;ميزانية البنك المركزي في حالتي ارتفاع  وانخفاض الاصول الاجنبية&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;553&quot; data-original-width=&quot;794&quot; height=&quot;446&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbwBPQsUN8YP8E6Oer4H7XJmgkFZC3WGGesDSp3bfNf-uSsvGKYDUG1n2Vl13wRpiGu0h-k229FMVrqXEBc3qpFx6ADbuSfAuCUxFq6UNknFfMl5UD04I3mgUTui1UiDFwsOsuiJf-bbB3v0DF6r6N1dTUkO2qtVM-iN0KdTcBB3-yknulYQSHfrYd4RsM/w640-h446/Screenshot%202023-12-22%20235503.png&quot; title=&quot;ميزانية البنك المركزي في حالتي ارتفاع  وانخفاض الاصول الاجنبية&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ocr_text_div notranslate&quot; style=&quot;border: 2px solid red; height: 14.6286px; left: 19.4857px; top: 405.343px; width: 128.914px; z-index: 97829;&quot;&gt;Table F Depreciation&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ocr_text_div notranslate&quot; style=&quot;border: 2px solid blue; height: 14px; left: 17px; top: 160px; width: 129px; z-index: 98280;&quot;&gt;Table E Appreciation&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;اعداد الاقتصاد بعيون الخبراء&lt;br /&gt;23-12-2023&lt;/p&gt;&lt;iframe id=&quot;ocrFrame&quot; name=&quot;ocrFrame&quot; src=&quot;chrome-extension://hmigninkgibhdckiaphhmbgcghochdjc/ocr.html&quot; style=&quot;display: none; height: 700px; width: 700px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;iframe id=&quot;opencvFrame&quot; name=&quot;opencvFrame&quot; src=&quot;chrome-extension://hmigninkgibhdckiaphhmbgcghochdjc/opencvHandler.html&quot; style=&quot;display: none; height: 700px; width: 700px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/feeds/7481522958438955331/comments/default' title='تعليقات الرسالة'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2023/12/blog-post_23.html#comment-form' title='0 تعليقات'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/7481522958438955331'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/7481522958438955331'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2023/12/blog-post_23.html' title=' ميزانية البنك المركزي في حالتي ارتفاع  وانخفاض الاصول الاجنبية'/><author><name>abdullah aljinaahi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07428918488938833478</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='22' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYirY3kNAlfPPymszGVtS-DEa2BHrEVm36W05dVXGVI7a6GLOVK2sHMAOVqx06mbRjPkM0RIZNzHQqxCN1YidFAQeKKS4RCboWIQL9VHuRqed4wAuVsla1wpgV2apcAA/s113/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9.PNG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbwBPQsUN8YP8E6Oer4H7XJmgkFZC3WGGesDSp3bfNf-uSsvGKYDUG1n2Vl13wRpiGu0h-k229FMVrqXEBc3qpFx6ADbuSfAuCUxFq6UNknFfMl5UD04I3mgUTui1UiDFwsOsuiJf-bbB3v0DF6r6N1dTUkO2qtVM-iN0KdTcBB3-yknulYQSHfrYd4RsM/s72-w640-h446-c/Screenshot%202023-12-22%20235503.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2756764865486377695.post-2100356651305805119</id><published>2023-12-17T15:37:00.002+03:00</published><updated>2023-12-17T21:54:16.831+03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="البنك الاحتياطي الفدرالي الامريكي"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="البنك المركزي العراقي"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="الميزانية العمومية للبنك المركزي"/><title type='text'> البنوك لا تستطيع ان تقرض احتياطياتها الفائضة لدى البنك المركزي</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-weight: 700; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;البنوك لا تستطيع ولا &quot;تقرض&quot; الاحتياطيات&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-8f5a9d20-7fff-4168-9123-cfd12e12a5ef&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;13 أغسطس 2013&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بول شيرد، كبير الاقتصاديين العالميين&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ورئيس قسم الاقتصاد العالمي والأبحاث، نيويورك&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(1) 212-438-6262؛&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;mailto:paul.sheard@standardandpoors.com&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #1155cc; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;paul.sheard@standardandpoors.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;خدمات سوق الائتمان:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;جدول المحتويات&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وجهة نظر مضاعف المال لإنشاء الائتمان&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ما الذي يحدد مستوى احتياطيات البنك المركزي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كيف تقوم البنوك بإنشاء القروض&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من أين تأتي الودائع&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تقوم البنوك المركزية باستهداف أسعار الفائدة بتوفير أي احتياطيات مطلوبة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كيف تتغير الأمور في ظل التيسير الكمي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لماذا يعد فهم آليات الميزانية العمومية للتيسير الكمي أمرًا مهمًا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الخط السفلي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الحواشي الختامية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;البحوث ذات صلة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(ملاحظة المحرر:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;الآراء الواردة هنا&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هي آراء كبير الاقتصاديين العالميين لدى ستاندرد آند بورز.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وفي حين أن هذه الآراء يمكن أن تساعد في إثراء عملية التصنيف،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;فإن التصنيفات السيادية وغيرها تستند إلى قرارات لجان التصنيف،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;التي تمارس حكمها التحليلي وفقًا للمعايير العامة معايير التصنيف المتاحة.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كتب جون ماينارد كينز في عبارته الشهيرة:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&quot;إن الرجال العمليين،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الذين يعتقدون أنهم معفيون تماماً من أي تأثير فكري،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;هم عادة عبيد لبعض الاقتصاديين البائدين&quot;. (1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;من الأمثلة الحديثة على هذا القول المأثور،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ذي الصلة بالاقتصاد والسياسة والأسواق،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الرأي السائد&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بأن البنوك يمكنها &quot;إقراض&quot; احتياطياتها (الودائع) في البنك المركزي،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;كما لو كانت احتياطيات البنوك تمثل مجموعة من الأموال&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هذا هو مجرد انتظار &quot;التدفق إلى&quot; الإقراض المصرفي.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولأن مثل هذا الشيء لا يمكن أن يحدث،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وبالتالي لم يحدث،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فإن النقطة عادة ما تكون في الاتجاه المعاكس:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فالبنوك في الوقت الحالي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لا &quot;تقرض&quot; احتياطياتها -&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بل إنها &quot;تضع&quot; احتياطياتها في البنك المركزي أو تتركها &quot;خاملة&quot;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&quot; لكن احتمال إقراضهم في المستقبل&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يمثل خطرًا كامنًا وسببًا لتوخي الحذر&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بشأن انخراط البنك المركزي في برنامج تيسير كمي قوي (2).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ملخص&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويتحدث كثيرون&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وكأن البنوك قادرة على &quot;إقراض&quot; احتياطياتها،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الأمر الذي يثير المخاوف&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من أن الاحتياطيات الفائضة الهائلة الناتجة عن التيسير الكمي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;قد تؤدي إلى خلق الائتمان الجامح والتضخم في المستقبل.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ولكن البنوك غير قادرة على إقراض احتياطياتها&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بشكل مباشر للمقترضين التجاريين،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لذا فإن هذا التخوف ليس في محله.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تحتاج البنوك&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إلى الاحتفاظ باحتياطيات (كمخزن سيولة) مقابل ودائعها،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتقوم البنوك بإنشاء الودائع عندما تقوم بالإقراض.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لكن البنوك لا تكون في العادة مقيدة بالاحتياطيات،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وبالتالي فإن الاحتياطيات الفائضة لا تخفف من قيود الاحتياطي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولا تستطيع البنوك في مجملها خفض احتياطياتها&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;إلا إلى الحد الذي تبدأ فيه عمليات إقراض جديدة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتتدفق الودائع المصرفية الناتجة نتيجة لذلك&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إلى الاقتصاد كأوراق نقدية جديدة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;عندما يطلب الجمهور المزيد منها.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويهدف التيسير الكمي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;إلى تخفيف الظروف المالية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتحفيز المزيد من الإقراض المصرفي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;مقارنة بما كان ليحدث لولا ذلك،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولكن الآليات التي يحدث بها هذا&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أكثر دقة وغير مباشرة مما يُلمح إليه عادة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وإذا ارتبطت الاحتياطيات الفائضة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;التي أنشأها التيسير الكمي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بخلق قدر أكبر مما ينبغي من الائتمان،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فسوف يكون بوسع البنوك المركزية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;أن تعمل على إطفائها بسهولة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;قد تبدو آليات التيسير الكمي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;التي تعتمدها الميزانية العمومية للبنك المركزي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وارتباطها بإنشاء الائتمان المصرفي غير واضحة بعض الشيء.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لكن الفهم الصحيح&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لكيفية عمل آلية انتقال التيسير الكمي أمر مهم.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ومن الجيد أن يختلف&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;صناع السياسات وخبراء الاقتصاد والمشاركين في السوق&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;حول مدى ملاءمة وفعالية التيسير الكمي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولكن على الأقل ينبغي لهم أن يفعلوا ذلك&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على أساس الفهم الصحيح لآليات الميزانية العمومية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وجهة نظر مضاعف المال لإنشاء الائتمان&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ما هي الفكرة البائدة هنا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;والتي لها مثل هذه السيطرة على العالم؟&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;تقريبًا أي شخص حصل على دورة تمهيدية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;في الاقتصاد أو من استشار كتابًا دراسيًا حول هذه القضية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;سيكون قد درس نظرية &quot;مضاعف المال / الائتمان&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;أو نظرية &quot;الخدمات المصرفية الاحتياطية الجزئية&quot; لإنشاء الائتمان.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وسير القصة على النحو التالي (٣).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;في ظل النظام المصرفي الاحتياطي الجزئي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(النظام المعمول به تقريبًا في كل مكان في الاقتصادات المتقدمة الحديثة)،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يتعين على البنوك الاحتفاظ بجزء من ودائعها (التزام عليها)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كودائع في البنك المركزي (تسمى الاحتياطيات) (أصلًا بالنسبة لها) )،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولكن يمكنهم &quot;إقراض&quot; الباقي.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ونظراً لمتطلبات الاحتياطي هذه (التي يحددها البنك المركزي)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتفضيلات الجمهور للاحتفاظ بالنقود،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هناك &quot;مضاعف نقدي&quot; ثابت&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(نسبة الأموال بمعناها الواسع إلى احتياطيات البنك المركزي)،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بحيث يتضاعف مبلغ معين من الاحتياطيات في عدد كبير من الاحتياطيات.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;حجم أكبر من الإقراض المصرفي.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يقوم البنك المركزي بتزويد النظام المصرفي بالاحتياطيات&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من خلال عمليات السوق المفتوحة أو إقراض نافذة الخصم،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لذلك عندما يزيد الاحتياطيات، بالنظر إلى مضاعف الأموال الثابتة،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;يجب أن يزيد أيضًا الإقراض والودائع المصرفية (أو المعروض النقدي الأوسع) (4).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إذا صحت هذه النظرية،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;فإن التيسير الكمي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من خلال زيادة قاعدة خلق النقود بشكل كبير،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;سيؤدي إلى انفجار الائتمان المصرفي.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولأن التيسير الكمي وإنشاء الائتمان&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لا يعملان بهذه الطريقة، فإنه لم يحدث.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويستجيب العديد من المعلقين،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وحتى بعض صناع السياسات النقدية الذين درسوا النظرية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لهذا من خلال ملاحظة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;أن &quot;مضاعف النقود قد انهار&quot;،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مع الإشارة ضمناً إلى&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أن الانهيار قد يكون مؤقتاً فقط (انظر الرسم البياني رقم 1).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تقوم البنوك فقط &quot;بإيداع&quot; احتياطياتها الفائضة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(أي الاحتياطيات التي تزيد عن المبلغ الذي تلزم البنوك بالاحتفاظ به&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بموجب القواعد التنظيمية) لدى البنك المركزي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولكن عندما يرتفع الطلب على الأموال، فإنها قد تبدأ في &quot;إقراضها، &quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولأن حجم الاحتياطيات الفائضة هائل للغاية،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;فقد يكون هناك موجة من التضخم -&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;وربما تضخم لا يمكن السيطرة عليه.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 517px; overflow: hidden; width: 602px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;517&quot; src=&quot;https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/NXS5Ko2BAlqiJM8eoql2X6lc-mV0Jr_vuNV3T4LgyUB6ar4blRn6L6oiWVdPjEly8aDvJjVfG4YY4ilqYuMxscmhOK0_4hHPBzCAP_KpVavVjPNSaniPHUGwk_X5bJSvdnRpdqMo-xW3sklMwFqHNY4&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;602&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لكن مضاعف النقود لم ينهار&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لأنه لم يكن موجوداً على الإطلاق بالمعنى الحرفي للكلمة منذ البداية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بل إن النسبة بين رقمين مرتبطين بشكل غير وثيق&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;قد انخفضت بشكل كبير بسبب زيادة المقام بشكل كبير (انظر الرسم البياني 2).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إذن كيف يعمل التيسير الكمي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولماذا لا تستطيع البنوك &quot;إقراض&quot; الاحتياطيات،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولماذا يتعين على البنوك (في الإجمال) &quot;إيداع&quot; احتياطياتها الفائضة لدى البنك المركزي،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;إذا رأى البنك المركزي ذلك؟&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;- إذن لا ينبغي لأحد أن يتفاجأ إذا كان هذا هو ما يحدث بالضبط؟&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هناك قطعتان للغز:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الأول،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ما الذي يحدد حجم الاحتياطيات&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;في الميزانية العمومية للبنك المركزي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أو &quot;في النظام المصرفي&quot;،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كما هو موصوف بشكل متساوٍ؛&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والثاني،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كيف يحدث إنشاء الائتمان - أي كيف تقوم البنوك بالإقراض&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;دعونا نأخذهم بالتسلسل.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هناك تمييز رئيسي يجب أخذه في الاعتبار&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(أشير إليه في الفقرة السابقة الأخيرة)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهو بين البنوك الفردية والبنوك بشكل عام.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لا تستطيع البنوك الفردية ولا البنوك ككل &quot;إقراض&quot; الاحتياطيات،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لكن البنوك الفردية يمكنها تفريغ احتياطياتها (وخاصة الاحتياطيات الفائضة)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;عن طريق إقراضها لبنوك أخرى أو عن طريق شراء الأصول؛&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لكن البنوك في مجموعها لا تستطيع القيام بذلك&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;- في مثل هذه الحالات،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فإن الاحتياطيات التي تترك الميزانية العمومية لبنك ما&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تظهر فقط على بنك آخر،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتبقى في الميزانية العمومية للبنك المركزي طوال الوقت.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 519px; overflow: hidden; width: 602px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;519&quot; src=&quot;https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/SoqKoKnOoQ0iKIvtZO6rCVxbpqZc5w_GLQY-rGh4-gad9vMJUGyK4GlxruJm5NDmxC2fkKExL0P3hCmuJxJM78JZ9mMGPmd8vfDlDDmNudYI3z2jHLpi1nlhE2vOGZyXIwDjwenFUGj9Ij3nBpQwrd0&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;602&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ما الذي يحدد مستوى احتياطيات البنك المركزي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لفهم المسألة الأولى،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لاحظ تكوين الميزانية العمومية للبنك المركزي (انظر الجدول 1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ولاحظ المعادلة التي تربط بين الجانبين.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والاستخلاص من رأس مال البنك المركزي (5)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;وبعض البنود الثانوية المحتملة الأخرى،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;فإن معادلة الميزانية العمومية للبنك المركزي هي:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الأصول (A) = الاحتياطيات (R) + الأوراق النقدية المتداولة (BK) + الودائع الحكومية (GD).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Assets (A) = Reserves (R) + Banknotes in circulation (BK) + Government deposits (GD).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;In change terms, this is :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ΔA = ΔR + ΔΒΚ + ΔGD&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Or rearranging :&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ΔR = ΔΑ - ΔΒΚ - ΔGD&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 1.56; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الجدول 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 1.56; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الميزانية العمومية المبسطة للبنك المركزي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 1.56; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الأصول &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; والالتزامات&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 1.56; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الأصول (Α) &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; الاحتياطيات (R)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 1.56; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;الأوراق النقدية المتداولة (BK)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 1.56; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;الودائع الحكومية (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;GD&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 205px; overflow: hidden; width: 416px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;205&quot; src=&quot;https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/8LjErMVHajL8Mxv0O_iTTaOHfIF7djCJySLNlT4IGVOMPt_z5XO3KyNTuD0yA7xbrwoIIewCW-rrvIRwcLRV9h3WFq3V4AR_W0iZkE7pQcLkkoOQycxbR8q4tK-32jNrFvovPHTpT6XQmcOtkNXq_ng&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;416&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هذا هو الحال.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;وبما أن هذه المعادلة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والاحتياطيات هي التزام على البنك المركزي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فإن مستواها الإجمالي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يمكن أن يتغير بثلاث طرق، وثلاث طرق فقط (6).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ترتفع الاحتياطيات (أو تنخفض) عندما:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(1) يقوم البنك المركزي بزيادة (تخفيض) أصوله؛&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(2) يخفض (يزيد) الجمهور مقدار النقد (الأوراق النقدية) الذي يريد الاحتفاظ به؛&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(3) تقوم الحكومة بتخفيض (زيادة) ودائعها لدى البنك المركزي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لأنها تقوم بتحويلات صافية إلى (تتلقى تحويلات صافية من) القطاع الخاص (7).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والأهم من ذلك،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أن البنوك لا تستطيع&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أن تتسبب في انخفاض حجم الاحتياطيات لدى البنك المركزي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;من خلال &quot;إقراضها&quot; للعملاء.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهذا الاحتمال غير مسموح به في المعادلة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لأن الإقراض المصرفي لا يدخل فيه.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على افتراض أن الجمهور لا يغير طلبه على النقد&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وأن الحكومة لا تقدم أي مدفوعات صافية للقطاع الخاص&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(وهما شيئان خارجان عن السيطرة المباشرة للبنوك والبنك المركزي)،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فإن احتياطيات البنوك يجب أن تظل &quot;متوقفة&quot; &quot;في البنك المركزي.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إن التعبير عن الدهشة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من عدم قيام البنوك بإقراض احتياطياتها أو حفظها لدى البنك المركزي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;يعني إساءة فهم جوهرية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لآليات إنشاء الائتمان في الميزانية العمومية وكيفية عمل التيسير الكمي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كيف تقوم البنوك بإنشاء القروض&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فأين يناسبها الإقراض المصرفي؟&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بالتأكيد يجب أن يذهب إلى مكان ما.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويبين الجدول 2 ميزانية عمومية مبسطة للغاية للبنك (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والتي يمكن اعتبارها هنا الميزانية العمومية الإجمالية للنظام المصرفي).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ومرة أخرى،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هناك معادلة تربط بين جانبي الميزانية المبسطة:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الاحتياطيات (R) + القروض (L) + حيازات السندات (B) = الودائع (D) + حقوق الملكية (E)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الجدول 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الميزانية العمومية المبسطة للنظام المصرفي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الأصول &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; والالتزامات&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الاحتياطيات (R)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;القروض (L) &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; الودائع (D)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;حيازات السندات (B) &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; حقوق الملكية (E)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Reserves (R) + Loans (L) + Bond holdings (B) = Deposits (D) + Equity (E)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;In change terms :&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ΔR+ΔL+ ΔB=ΔD+ ΔE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 201px; overflow: hidden; width: 412px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;201&quot; src=&quot;https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/oeY-Qp9n4xGN_bLVeAzWGDZ5p1Wkcs2wSrnb-dK2r77I-GwrUik6ytZZYUnCo1sR3MdOqhOeRIYnh6zLbNVfcPEfaQVFT20gLALQV5Il7JsTiu66JzZPwdK6zC8SC40aH794jeg0V2E05bpidDY-5ys&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;412&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إليك كيفية حدوث الإقراض المصرفي أو إنشاء الائتمان (عند نقطة &quot;التصور&quot;):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ΔL = ΔD, with ΔR=ΔB= ΔΕ=0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تقوم البنوك بالإقراض&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من خلال إنشاء أصول القرض والتزامات الودائع&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;في وقت واحد في ميزانيتها العمومية.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولهذا السبب يطلق عليه اسم &quot;إنشاء&quot; الائتمان&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;- يتم إنشاء الائتمان حرفيًا من لا شيء&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(أو بضغطة على لوحة المفاتيح).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لا يتم إنشاء القرض من الاحتياطيات.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والقرض لا يُخلق من الودائع:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;القروض تُنشئ الودائع،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وليس العكس.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ثم تحتاج الودائع إلى قدر معين من الاحتياطيات&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ليتم الاحتفاظ بها مقابلها،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويقوم البنك المركزي بتزويدها&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(المزيد عن ذلك أدناه).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;قد يبدو أن:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ΔL= - ΔR, when ΔB=ΔD=ΔE = 0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهذا يعني&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أن البنوك يمكنها &quot;إقراض&quot; الاحتياطيات&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;- أي أن القروض ترتفع عندما تنخفض الاحتياطيات.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولكن لكي تنخفض الاحتياطيات (أحد بنود الميزانية العمومية للبنك المركزي)،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يجب أن تتقلص أصول البنك المركزي أو ترتفع الأوراق النقدية المتداولة أو الودائع الحكومية.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتنتج هذه عن تصرفات البنك المركزي والجمهور والحكومة، على التوالي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لا شيء ينطوي بشكل مباشر على قيام البنك بتقديم قرض.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إنه يتبع هذا:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;when ΔB=ΔD= ΔE=0 ,ΔL= - ΔR= 0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فكيف تدخل الاحتياطيات في صورة خلق الائتمان؟&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يقترض المقترضون من أجل إنفاق المال (أو شراء أحد الأصول)،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لذلك من المرجح أن يفعل المقترض ذلك.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;المال &quot;يدور&quot; في الاقتصاد، إذا جاز التعبير.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بشكل إجمالي، يعني ذلك أحد أمرين:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إما أن تنتقل أموال الوديعة إلى النقد المتداول (الأوراق النقدية)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أو تبقى مودعة في مكان ما في النظام المصرفي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(عادةً ما يكون ذلك مزيجًا من الاثنين معًا).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وبقدر ما يتم تحويل الوديعة إلى نقد،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تنخفض الاحتياطيات&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لأن هذا هو المكان الذي تأتي منه الأوراق النقدية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;من معادلة الميزانية العمومية للبنك المركزي:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ΔR=- ΔBK, when ΔA=ΔGD=0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هذا هو الرابط بين الاحتياطيات والإقراض المصرفي.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تنخفض الاحتياطيات عندما تزيد الأوراق النقدية.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتزداد الأوراق النقدية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;عندما يأخذ المقترضون الأموال التي اقترضوها من البنك&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويبقى جزء من الأموال أو كل الأموال نقدا،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بدلا من إعادة إيداعها في النظام المصرفي.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بالنسبة لأي بنك فردي،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;فإن الارتباط بين الاحتياطيات والقروض&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هو ارتباط غير مباشر ولا يمكن السيطرة عليه إلى حد كبير.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;يمكن للبنوك الفردية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;أن تحاول &quot;التخلص&quot; من احتياطياتها الفائضة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;عن طريق تقديم قروض جديدة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وبقدر ما تترك الودائع التي تم إنشاؤها على هذا النحو مصارفها،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والأهم من ذلك،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لا تعود كودائع جديدة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(كلما زاد حجم البنك قل احتمال حدوث ذلك).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;الشرط هو التمسك، وهذا سوف يعمل بالنسبة لهم.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولكن بالنسبة للبنوك ككل،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فإن الإقراض الجديد يؤدي إلى انخفاض الاحتياطيات فقط&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;إلى الحد الذي تتحول فيه الودائع التي تم إنشاؤها إلى نقد متداول.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;خذ حالة متطرفة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;حيث تنتقل الودائع التي أنشأها القرض الجديد&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من حساب إيداع إلى آخر؛&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ثم لا يوجد تخفيض في الاحتياطيات.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهذا بعيد كل البعد عن فكرة مفادها&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أن البنوك الفردية قادرة، إذا شاءت، على إطفاء احتياطياتها&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من خلال البدء في عمليات إقراض جديدة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ناهيك عن قدرة البنوك في مجموعها على القيام بذلك.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من أين تأتي الودائع&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهذا يتعارض مع الطريقة المعتادة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لوصف الإقراض المصرفي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والتي تشير إلى&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أن البنوك &quot;تجمع&quot; الودائع ثم &quot;تقرضها&quot;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هذه ليست الطريقة التي يحدث بها الأمر على الإطلاق.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;في الاقتصاد المغلق (أو العالم ككل)،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تأتي الودائع بشكل أساسي من مكانين فقط:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الإقراض المصرفي الجديد&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والعجز الحكومي (9).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تقوم البنوك بإنشاء الودائع عند إنشاء القروض، كما هو موضح أعلاه.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تقوم الحكومات أيضًا بإنشاء الودائع عندما تواجه عجزًا في الميزانية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لأنها تضع أموالاً في الحسابات المصرفية العامة أكثر مما تسحبه.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يؤدي هذا التدفق الصافي إلى إنشاء ودائع جديدة في النظام المصرفي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والتي لها نظيرتها في الميزانية العمومية للبنك كزيادة في الاحتياطيات:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ΔD=ΔR, when ΔL=ΔB=ΔE=0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وفي الميزانية العمومية للبنك المركزي،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ΔR = - ΔGD, when ΔA = ΔBK = 0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كما رأينا من قبل.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;البنوك لا تقرض من الودائع.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولا يقرضون من الاحتياطيات.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إنهم يقرضون عن طريق إنشاء الودائع.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتنشأ الودائع أيضًا بسبب العجز الحكومي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تقوم البنوك المركزية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;باستهداف أسعار الفائدة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; بتوفير أي احتياطيات مطلوبة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تلعب الاحتياطيات دورا محوريا في خلق الأموال&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ولكن ليس بالطريقة التي يتم تصورها في كثير من الأحيان.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتتصور وجهة نظر مضاعفة الأموال للعالم&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أن البنك المركزي يقوم بإنشاء احتياطيات&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;و تضاعف الاحتياطيات في الإقراض الجديد.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهذا يعني&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;أن الاحتياطيات تقيد الإقراض المصرفي.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;قد يبدو ذلك مقنعًا.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إذا كانت البنوك تخضع للحد الأدنى من متطلبات الاحتياطي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(مطالبتها الاحتفاظ باحتياطيات بنسبة معينة من ودائعها،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وكانت الودائع هي النظير في الميزانية العمومية للقروض&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;عند نقطة إنشاء الائتمان)،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فمن خلال&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;تقييد حجم الاحتياطيات التي يوفرها البنك المركزي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ينبغي أن تكون قادرة على السيطرة على مبلغ الائتمان.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لكن البنوك المركزية الحديثة لا تعمل بهذه الطريقة.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لا تقيد البنوك المركزية حجم احتياطيات البنوك التي توفرها.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بل إنها توفر أي مبلغ من الاحتياطيات التي يطلبها النظام المصرفي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بالنظر إلى متطلبات الاحتياطي وحجم الودائع التي تم إنشاؤها.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لماذا هذا؟&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لأن البنوك المركزية الحديثة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;في الأوقات العادية (مثل ما قبل الأزمة وغزوات التيسير الكمي)،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تستهدف سعر فائدة قصير الأجل (ليلة واحدة عادة) في سوق المال بين البنوك&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(السوق حيث تقرض البنوك وتقترض احتياطيات البنك المركزي).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهم يفعلون ذلك&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;عن طريق تعديل حجم الاحتياطيات في ميزانيتهم ​​العمومية (في النظام المصرفي)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;للتأكد من أن سعر الفائدة يتماشى مع سعر الفائدة المعلن&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(سعر الأموال الفيدرالية في حالة الاحتياطي الفيدرالي).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويأخذ التعديل&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;شكل ضمان عدم وجود احتياطيات قليلة للغاية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;الأمر الذي من شأنه أن يفرض ضغوطاً تصاعدية على سعر الفائدة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ولا عدداً أكبر مما ينبغي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الأمر الذي من شأنه أن يفرض ضغوطاً هبوطية عليه،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على افتراض أن البنك المركزي لا يقوم بذلك.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ينفي ذلك بدفع الفائدة على الاحتياطيات الفائضة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;إذا أراد البنك المركزي الوصول إلى هدف سعر الفائدة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فعليه توفير كمية من الاحتياطيات تتوافق مع ذلك،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهذا المبلغ (عادة) يتوافق مع كمية الاحتياطيات&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;التي يوفرها الحد الأدنى من متطلبات الاحتياطي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وإذا زاد الإقراض المصرفي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وما يرتبط به من زيادة في الودائع المصرفية،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;فسيؤدي ذلك إلى مستوى أعلى من الحد الأدنى من الاحتياطيات المطلوبة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ومن الطبيعي أن يقوم البنك المركزي بتزويد تلك الاحتياطيات.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وإلا فسوف يكون هناك نقص في الاحتياطيات بسبب البنك المركزي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وسوف يرتفع سعر الفائدة لليلة واحدة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهذا يعني&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أن البنك المركزي لن يصل إلى هدف سعر الفائدة.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولا تستطيع البنوك المركزية، في الأوقات العادية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;استهداف سعر الفائدة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتقييد حجم الاحتياطيات التي توفرها بشكل مستقل.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كيف تتغير الأمور في ظل التيسير الكمي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يتغير الوضع في ظل التيسير الكمي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لأن التيسير الكمي، بحكم تعريفه،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ينطوي على قيام البنك المركزي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بتوفير (كميات هائلة من) الاحتياطيات الفائضة.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهذا من شأنه أن يدفع عادة سعر الفائدة لليلة واحدة إلى الصفر أو بالقرب منه.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;هذه ليست مشكلة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لأن التيسير الكمي يستخدم عادة كسياسة تخفيف&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بعد استنفاد ذخيرة أسعار الفائدة -&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;أي أنه يتم دمجه مع سياسة سعر الفائدة الصفرية أو القريبة من الصفر&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(وإذا أرادت البنوك المركزية ذلك)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ومن أجل الإبقاء على سعر الفائدة أعلى قليلا من الصفر،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;فبوسعهم أن يمنحوا أنفسهم المجال&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لمواصلة التيسير الكمي من خلال دفع الفائدة على الاحتياطيات،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهو ما يحدد أرضية فعالة لسعر الفائدة لليلة واحدة).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ومع ذلك،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;فإن النقطة الأساسية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هي أن وجود احتياطيات فائضة في النظام المصرفي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لا يخفف من أي قيود احتياطية على قدرة البنوك على الإقراض&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لأنه لم يكن هناك قيد احتياطي في البداية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(بطبيعة الحال،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;موقف السياسة النقدية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولا سيما إن قرار سياسة سعر الفائدة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يؤثر بالفعل على الطلب على الإقراض المصرفي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;واستعداد البنوك للإقراض،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولكن، أكرر،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;في ضوء تحديد سعر الفائدة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يوفر البنك المركزي أي احتياطيات مطلوبة).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وقد يتساءل المرء:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إذا كانت البنوك غير قادرة على إقراض الاحتياطيات الفائضة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;التي يوفرها البنك المركزي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فما الفائدة من قيام البنك المركزي بتزويدها؟&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الجواب على هذا السؤال&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هو ببساطة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أن التيسير الكمي يعمل على تخفيف الظروف المالية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ومن الناحية الفنية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يسمح التيسير الكمي للبنك المركزي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بتغيير تكوين المحفظة الإجمالية التي يحتفظ بها القطاع الخاص؛&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويأخذ البنك المركزي من تلك المحفظة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;الدين الحكومي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والأوراق المالية الأخرى&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;التي يشتريها ويستبدلها بالاحتياطيات والودائع المصرفية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(الأخيرة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;عندما يشتري الأصول مباشرة من الجمهور&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أو من الوسطاء الماليين غير المصرفيين) (10).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهذا له تأثير تخفيفي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;من خلال ما يسمى &quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تأثيرات إعادة توازن المحفظة&quot;،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بما في ذلك على سبيل المثال لا الحصر&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;الضغط الهبوطي المرتبط الذي يضعه التيسير الكمي على منحنى العائد (11).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وكما هو الحال مع أي تيسير نقدي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فإن التيسير الكمي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وما ينطوي عليه من احتياطيات فائضة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ينبغي أن يؤدي بمرور الوقت إلى خلق ائتمان أكبر&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مما كان ليحدث في غياب التيسير الكمي (12).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ويرجع ذلك جزئيًا إلى&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;أن الظروف المالية الأسهل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;يجب أن تجعل المقترضين أكثر استعدادًا للاقتراض من غيرهم.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وقد يشمل جزء من إعادة توازن المحفظة أيضًا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;أن تكون البنوك أكثر استعدادًا للإقراض من أي نوع آخر،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لأن لديها عددًا أقل من الأصول ذات العائد الأعلى&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أو الأطول أجلًا في ميزانيتها العمومية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(كنسبة من أصولها ومن المحتمل أن تكون بالقيمة المطلقة أيضًا). .&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وبالتالي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;فإن حقيقة امتلاك البنوك لاحتياطيات فائضة في ميزانياتها العمومية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من شأنها أن تحفز البنوك على تقديم قروض أكثر قليلاً مما كانت ستفعله لولا ذلك.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولكن هذا قد يحدث كجزء من &quot;تأثير إعادة توازن المحفظة&quot;،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهو بعيد كل البعد عن النظرة الميكانيكية للعالم&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;التي ترى احتياطيات البنوك باعتبارها العلف (المباشر) لإقراض البنوك.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لماذا يعد فهم آليات الميزانية العمومية للتيسير الكمي أمرًا مهمًا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فهل كل هذا مجرد نقاش حول آليات الميزانية العمومية للبنوك المركزية وإنشاء الائتمان؟&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;أنا لا أعتقد ذلك.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتترتب على ذلك آثار سياسية مهمة من وجود فهم صحيح للتيسير الكمي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بمجرد أن نفهم&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أنه لا توجد صلة مباشرة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بين إنشاء كمية هائلة من الاحتياطيات الفائضة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من قبل البنوك المركزية التي تنفذ أشكالا مختلفة من التيسير الكمي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والإقراض المصرفي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لأن البنوك لا تستطيع إقراض الاحتياطيات&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والبنوك ليست مقيدة بالاحتياطيات في الأوقات العادية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فإن عددا من الأمور تتبع ذلك.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أولاً،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;إن قدرة التيسير الكمي على خلق الائتمان،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;وهو ما لم يكن ليحدث لولا ذلك، محدودة للغاية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولا ينبغي للمرء أن يراهن كثيراً&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على الإمكانات التحفيزية للسياسة النقدية في بيئة تقليص الديون&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بمجرد أن يخفض البنك المركزي سعر الفائدة إلى الصفر أو يقترب منه.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولا تزال بحاجة إلى تخفيف السياسة بشكل أكبر.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهذا لا يعني أن البنوك المركزية لا ينبغي لها أن تستخدم التيسير الكمي.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهذا يعني أن التوقعات بشأن مدى فعالية أداة السياسة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ينبغي أن تكون متواضعة على النحو المناسب،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وبالتالي ينبغي إيلاء الاعتبار الواجب&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لاستخدام السياسة المالية بشكل أكثر نشاطا وجرأة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لمعايرة السياسة الكلية الشاملة إلى المستوى التحفيزي المطلوب.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ثانياً،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بقدر ما قد يستدعى التيسير الكمي في مثل هذه الظروف،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;فمن المرجح أن يتم تنفيذه على نطاق واسع للغاية،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;نسبة إلى الميزانية العمومية للبنك المركزي أو الناتج المحلي الإجمالي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;إن المخاوف التي لا أساس لها&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من أن خلق عدد كبير للغاية من الاحتياطيات الفائضة اليوم&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;قد يؤدي إلى التضخم الجامح في المستقبل&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لا ينبغي لها أن تمنع البنك المركزي من العدوانية في التعامل مع التيسير الكمي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إذا رأى أن هذا هو ما يتعين عليه القيام به.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ثالثاً،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من الممكن، بل من المرغوب فيه في الواقع،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أن يجد بنك الاحتياطي الفيدرالي والبنوك المركزية الأخرى&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;في وقت ما في المستقبل، عاجلاً وليس آجلاً، كما نأمل،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;أن درجة التيسير النقدي التي طبقتها مبالغ فيها للغاية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وأنهم سيفعلون ذلك.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;سوف تحتاج إلى تشديد الظروف المالية كثيرا،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;وربما تحتاج إلى القيام بذلك بسرعة إلى حد ما.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;وفي هذه الحالة،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لن تكون هناك حاجة للخوف&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من أن تؤدي الكميات الهائلة من الاحتياطيات الفائضة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;إلى تغذية خلق الائتمان السريع بشكل مباشر&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والمخاطرة بالتضخم الجامح.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ومع ذلك،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ستكون هناك حاجة للقلق،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;نظرًا للظروف الاقتصادية الأفضل بكثير&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;التي كانت سائدة في ذلك الوقت،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من أن إعدادات السياسة النقدية الحالية،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;التي تضم مزيجًا من&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;أسعار الفائدة المنخفضة للغاية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والتيسير الكمي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والتوجيه المستقبلي المرتبط بكليهما،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أصبحت سهلة للغاية.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وسوف تحتاج إلى تشديد، وربما بسرعة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;إذا كانت الظروف النقدية متساهلة للغاية،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;فإن مجرد قيام البنك المركزي بتشديدها،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بما في ذلك عن طريق تفكيك التيسير الكمي،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;قد يؤدي إلى تشديدها بالقدر الكافي لإزالة المشكلة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ولكن إذا لم يكن الأمر كذلك،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;فإن البنك المركزي سوف يعرف ماذا يفعل:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تشديد السياسة بالقدر الكافي لتحقيق التأثير المرغوب.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هناك طرق مختلفة للقيام بذلك.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;رابعاً،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;تمتلك البنوك المركزية ورقة رابحة.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولأنهم قاموا بتكوين احتياطيات فائضة متى شاءوا،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فإنهم يستطيعوا إطفائها متى شاءوا،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;عن طريق بيع الأصول.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لنتذكر جوهر التيسير الكمي:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ΔA=ΔR, when ΔBK = ΔGD = 0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويعمل هذا في الاتجاهين:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تقوم البنوك المركزية بإطفاء الاحتياطيات الفائضة عندما تبيع الأصول.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وعندما تفعل ذلك،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فإنها تعمل على عكس تأثير التيسير&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;المرتبط بتغيير تركيبة المحفظة الإجمالية للقطاع الخاص في المقام الأول.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وكما لم يكن التيسير الكمي سبباً في إحداث &quot;طفرة في الإقراض&quot; في البداية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فمن غير المرجح أن يؤدي تفكيكه إلى التعجيل بحدوث &quot;أزمة ائتمانية&quot;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الخط السفلي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لا شيء من هذا يعني&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;أن تفكيك التيسير الكمي وغيره من السياسات غير التقليدية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;سيكون سلسا ولن يسبب تقلبات في الأسواق المالية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;إن التقلبات أمر متوقع&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويجب إدارتها من قبل صانعي السياسات والمشاركين في السوق.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لكن المخاوف من قيام البنوك &quot;بإقراض&quot; الاحتياطيات الفائضة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;التي &quot;وضعتها&quot; حالياً لدى البنوك المركزية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ليست أمراً يجب أن يقلق بشأنه أي شخص،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وخاصة البنوك المركزية التي تهدف إلى تسريع التعافي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أو الدفاع عن أهداف التضخم الخاصة بها اليوم. .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;وأشك في أن كينز كان ليفعل ذلك.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الحواشي الختامية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(1) الاقتباس الأكبر هو:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&quot;إن أفكار الاقتصاديين والفلاسفة السياسيين،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;سواء عندما يكونون على حق أو عندما يكونون على خطأ،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هي أقوى مما يُفهم عادة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;في الواقع، لا يحكم العالم سوى القليل.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الرجال العمليون، الذين يؤمنون أنفسهم معفيين تمامًا من أي تأثير فكري،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وعادة ما يكونون عبيدًا لبعض الاقتصاديين البائدين.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;المجانين في السلطة، الذين يسمعون أصواتًا في الهواء،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يستخلصون جنونهم من بعض الكتبة الأكاديميين قبل بضع سنوات.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;أنا متأكد من أن السلطة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;إن المصالح الخاصة مبالغ فيها إلى حد كبير&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مقارنة بالزحف التدريجي للأفكار.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;جون ماينارد كينز، 1935: النظرية العامة للتوظيف والفائدة والمال، الفصل.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;24. الجملة الثانية قد تملق الاقتصاديين والفلاسفة السياسيين أكثر من اللازم.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(2) فيما يلي عينة من التعليقات&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;من الأكاديميين والصحفيين المحترمين للغاية في هذا السياق.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مارتن فيلدشتاين:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&quot;يمكن للبنوك استخدام هذه الاحتياطيات الفائضة لإنشاء القروض والودائع،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;الأمر الذي سيزيد من المعروض النقدي ويغذي التضخم&quot;،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&quot;الاتجاه الخطير لبنك الاحتياطي الفيدرالي&quot;، 3 يناير 2013،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وول ستريت جورنال؛ فيل جرام وجون تايلور:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&quot;مع احتفاظ البنوك باحتياطيات فائضة بدلاً من إقراضها&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;- ومع السرعة (المعدل الذي تتحول به الأموال لتوليد الدخل القومي)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;إلى أدنى مستوى لها منذ 50 عامًا -&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ظل معدل التضخم قريبًا إلى هدف بنك الاحتياطي الفيدرالي البالغ 2٪.&quot;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&quot;التكاليف الخفية للتيسير النقدي&quot;،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وول ستريت جورنال، 11 سبتمبر 2012؛&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;جون تايلور:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&quot;عندما يبدأ الاقتصاد في التحسن،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;سيتعين على بنك الاحتياطي الفيدرالي بيع الأصول التي كان يشتريها لمنع التضخم.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;وإذا كانت مبيعات أصوله بطيئة للغاية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فإن احتياطيات البنك المستخدمة لتمويل مشتريات الأصول الأصلية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;تتدفق من الاحتياطي الفيدرالي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&quot;البنوك وداخل الاقتصاد&quot;،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&quot;سياسة بنك الاحتياطي الفيدرالي تشكل عائقًا أمام الاقتصاد&quot;،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;وول ستريت جورنال، 28 يناير 2013؛&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;جون هيلسينراث وكريستينا بيترسون:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&quot;أحد الأسباب التي جعلت الصقور مخطئين بشأن التضخم&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هو أن الأموال التي ضخها بنك الاحتياطي الفيدرالي في النظام المالي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كانت تميل إلى البقاء في البنوك دون إقراضها للعملاء،&quot;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&quot;حمائم بنك الاحتياطي الفيدرالي يهزم الصقور في التنبؤ الاقتصادي&quot;،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;وول ستريت جورنال، 27 يوليو 2013؛&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;آلان بليندر:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&quot;بقدر ما تأخذ البنوك الاحتياطيات التي تم إنشاؤها حديثًا&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتضعها في حساباتها في بنك الاحتياطي الفيدرالي،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لن ينمو المعروض النقدي ولا الائتمان المصرفي&quot;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بعد توقف الموسيقى، 2013، ص. 250؛&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&quot;إذا قام بنك الاحتياطي الفيدرالي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بتخفيض المكافأة مقابل الاحتفاظ بالاحتياطيات الفائضة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فإن البنوك ستحتفظ بها بكميات أقل&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;- مما يعني أنها ستضطر إلى إيجاد شيء آخر للقيام به مع الأموال،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;مثل إقراضها أو طرحها في أسواق رأس المال&quot;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&quot;كيف يستطيع برنانكي الحصول على إقراض البنوك مرة أخرى&quot;،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وول ستريت جورنال، 22 يوليو 2012؛&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&quot;يجب على بنك الاحتياطي الفيدرالي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أن يخفض سعر الفائدة الذي يدفعه على ما يقرب من 1.7 تريليون دولار&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من احتياطيات البنوك الفائضة.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وإذا فعل ذلك،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فإن البنوك ستحتفظ بكمية أقل من النقد على الودائع لدى بنك الاحتياطي الفيدرالي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ومن المحتمل أن تتدفق الأموال المحررة بشكل رئيسي إلى أسواق المال،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولكن وربما يجد البعض طريقهم إلى زيادة الإقراض،&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;وول ستريت جورنال، 12 مارس 2013؛&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;آلان ميلتزر:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&quot;التضخم - الذي يغذيه حتما التوسع السريع في المعروض النقدي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;- ظل ضعيفا حتى الآن، عند مستوى 2٪ تقريبا،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لأن البنوك لا تستخدم احتياطياتها المتضخمة لتوسيع الائتمان وزيادة السيولة. …&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;في حين أن ضعف السيولة ونمو الائتمان يؤخران التأثير التضخمي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;المترتب على تصميم بنك الاحتياطي الفيدرالي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على توسيع احتياطيات البنوك الضخمة بالفعل،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;يجعل أميركا غير قادرة على الهروب من التضخم إلى الأبد.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;سيتم استخدام الاحتياطيات التي يقوم بنك الاحتياطي الفيدرالي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;- وجميع البنوك المركزية الكبرى الأخرى تقريبًا - ببنائها في نهاية المطاف.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;القروض المصرفية للشركات، والتي تسمى قروض C&amp;amp;I،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;زادت قليلا خلال هذه الفترة، حوالي 65 مليار دولار&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;- أو نسبة متواضعة قدرها 5 في المائة.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ومرة أخرى،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تحولت معظم الإضافات إلى الاحتياطيات إلى احتياطيات فائضة لدى البنوك الخاملة،&quot;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&quot;على الطريق إلى الأزمة&quot;،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;شهادة اللجنة الفرعية المعنية بالسياسة النقدية والتجارة، 5 مارس/آذار 2013.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(3) انظر على سبيل المثال، ن. جريجوري مانكيو، 2003:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الاقتصاد الكلي، نيويورك: ورث للنشر، الصفحات من 484 إلى 487.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(4) على الرغم من أن وجهة نظر&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&quot;مضاعف النقود&quot; للبنوك المركزية وإنشاء الائتمان&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;هي وجهة النظر السائدة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فإنني سأفترض ذلك إلى حد كبير&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لأن جاذبيتها التربوية تجعلها &quot;ميمًا مهيمنًا&quot;،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;إلا أن مدارس فكرية أخرى كانت موجودة منذ فترة طويلة في الاقتصاد&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ووصلت إلى وتصدرت الصدارة مؤخراً تحت ستار &quot;النظرية النقدية الحديثة&quot;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;انظر، على سبيل المثال،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;وين جودلي ومارك لافوي، 2007: الاقتصاد النقدي:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;نهج متكامل للائتمان والمال والدخل والإنتاج والثروة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(بالجريف ماكميلان)؛ ل. راندال راي، 1998:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فهم المال الحديث: مفتاح التوظيف الكامل واستقرار الأسعار&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(إدغار إلغار)؛ ل. راندال راي، 2012:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;النظرية النقدية الحديثة:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كتاب تمهيدي عن الاقتصاد الكلي للأنظمة النقدية السيادية (بالجريف ماكميلان).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(5) عادة ما يكون لدى البنوك المركزية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بعض رأس المال السهمي في ميزانيتها العمومية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والذي عادة ما توفره الحكومة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولكنه يتضمن في بعض الأحيان مساهمات رأس المال&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;التي تقدمها البنوك التجارية التي تتعامل معها.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ولكن رأس مال البنك المركزي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على الرغم من كونه يحمل بعض الأهمية في &quot;الاقتصاد السياسي&quot;،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;إلا أنه لا يحمل أهمية اقتصادية كبيرة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولا يزيد إلا قليلاً عن كونه عنصراً متبقياً متوازناً.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على سبيل المثال،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;إذا قرر بنك مركزي (مثل الاحتياطي الفيدرالي)، لأغراض السياسة النقدية،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بيع الأصول التي تراكمت لديه في إطار التيسير الكمي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وتكبد مثل هذه الخسائر في تلك المبيعات بما يتجاوز مجرد مسح رأس ماله،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;فإن النتيجة ستكون خسارة واحدة.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الدخول في ميزانيتها العمومية الذي كان إيجابيا ليتحول إلى سلبي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ولكن، مع استثناء واحد محتمل،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لن يخلف هذا أي تأثير على قدرة البنك المركزي على أداء وظائفه الرئيسية:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فلا يزال بوسعه إصدار العملة؛&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولا يزال بإمكانه الحصول على الأصول عن طريق إنشاء احتياطيات&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;أو إنشاء احتياطيات عن طريق إقراضها للبنوك؛&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولا يزال بإمكانه تحديد سعر الفائدة (بما في ذلك سعر الفائدة على الاحتياطيات).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والاستثناء هنا&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هو الحالة القصوى التي تصبح فيها قيمة الأصول التي يحتفظ بها البنك المركزي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;أقل من حجم الاحتياطيات الفائضة التي أنشأها في السابق&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والتي يريد الآن ويحتاج إلى إطفائها من أجل تشديد السياسة النقدية.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بعبارة أخرى،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من المتصور&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أن يجد البنك المركزي نفسه من دون أصول كافية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لاستنزاف الاحتياطيات الفائضة التي أنشأها في السابق،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وبالتالي المخاطرة بفقدان السيطرة النقدية.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولكن سيكون هناك طريق سهل للخروج:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;تستطيع الحكومة إعادة رسملة البنك المركزي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من خلال إصدار سندات له،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;واستعادة رأسماله (على الجانب الأيمن من ميزانيته العمومية)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ومنحه الأصول (على الجانب الأيسر).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويمكنها بعد ذلك&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;استخدامها للبيع لإطفاء الاحتياطيات الفائضة.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وبدلاً من ذلك،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;تستطيع الحكومة أن تصدر سندات مباشرة للجمهور،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;الأمر الذي من شأنه&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;أن يستنزف الاحتياطيات&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويزيد من الودائع الحكومية لدى البنك المركزي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ثم يحول الودائع الحكومية إلى رأسمال البنك المركزي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(ممارسة مسك الدفاتر).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وبطبيعة الحال،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;سوف ترتبط هذه التكلفة المالية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولهذا السبب تتعرض السياسة النقدية غير التقليدية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لقدر كبير من الانتقادات التي توجهها.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ويبدو أن السياسة النقدية غير التقليدية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تبتعد عن نطاق السياسة المالية.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;المزيد عن الحدود بين السياستين النقدية والمالية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وعندما يكون التمييز بين ذراعي السياسة الكلية منطقيًا وغير منطقي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;في مقال مستقبلي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(6) بالنسبة للبنك الفردي هناك طريقة رابعة:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يمكنه اقتراض احتياطيات من البنوك الأخرى.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لكن هذا لا يؤدي إلا إلى تحويل الاحتياطيات بين البنوك&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولا يغير حجم الاحتياطيات في الميزانية العمومية للبنك المركزي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(7)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; عندما تنفق الحكومة أكثر مما تحصل عليه من الضرائب والإيرادات الأخرى،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تنخفض ودائعها لدى البنك المركزي وترتفع الاحتياطيات (والعكس صحيح)،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ولكن عندما تصدر سندات للجمهور، ترتفع ودائعها وتنخفض الاحتياطيات.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(والعكس عند استرداد السندات).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(8) أقصد بـ &quot;الأساس&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;عدم تضمين الودائع التي كانت ودائع في البداية،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ثم تحولت إلى أوراق نقدية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وعادت إلى النظام المصرفي كودائع مرة أخرى.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;جميع الأوراق النقدية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(بخلاف الأوراق الجديدة التي يتم استلامها مقابل الأوراق النقدية القديمة)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;تبدأ حياتها كوديعة بنكية.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هناك مصدر ثالث في الاقتصاد المفتوح:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;التحويلات المالية من الخارج.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لكن هذه التحويلات يجب أن تأتي من حساب وديعة أجنبية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ويجب أن تكون جذور تلك الوديعة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إما في الإقراض المصرفي أو العجز الحكومي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(9) لرؤية هذا بشكل أكثر رسمية،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;فكر في الحالة المبسطة التي تكون فيها&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الأصول الوحيدة التي يحتفظ بها &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;البنك المركزي هي السندات الحكومية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والأصول الوحيدة التي تحتفظ بها &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;البنوك&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هي السندات الحكومية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; بخلاف الاحتياطيات والقروض،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولا يمتلك &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;الجمهور أي سندات حكومية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بحيث:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;GB الذي يحتفظ به البنك المركزي GB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;CB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;GB الذي تحتفظ به البنوك GB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;BK&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; = GB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بعد ذلك، وبالاستخلاص من أسهم البنك،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;يمكن كتابة معادلات الميزانية العمومية، على التوالي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على النحو التالي:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;GBCB = R + BK + GD, and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;R + L + GBBK = D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إعادة الترتيب باستخدام R على الجانب الأيسر لكليهما ومساواة العائدات:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;GBCB - BK - GD = D - L - GBBK,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;or:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;D = GB + L - BK - GD.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بمعنى آخر،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يساوي إجمالي الودائع في النظام المصرفي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إجمالي السندات الحكومية (عجز الموازنة المتراكم)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وإجمالي الإقراض المصرفي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;مطروحًا منه&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;الأوراق النقدية المتداولة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والودائع الحكومية لدى البنك المركزي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(يتم طرح هذا المصطلح الأخير&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;لأنه، إلى الحد الذي يكون للحكومة فيه تأثير إيجابي)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;عند إيداعه لدى البنك المركزي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فإنه يجب أن يكون قد خفض ودائع الجمهور بهذا المبلغ الصافي).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وإذا كان الجمهور (أو الوسطاء من غير البنوك)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يحتفظون بالسندات الحكومية بشكل مباشر&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(الحالة المعتادة)،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فإن الأمور تصبح أكثر تعقيدا بعض الشيء.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ثم تصبح المعادلة أعلاه:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;D = GBCB + GBBK + L - BK - GD&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تنخفض الودائع بمقدار المبلغ الذي يحتفظ به الجمهور من السندات الحكومية&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;BPB, where GB = GBCB + GBBK +GBPB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لأنه عندما تبيع الحكومة سنداتها للجمهور بدلاً من البنوك،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;فإنها تطفئ الودائع التي أنشأتها&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;عندما قامت بتشغيلها العجز في الميزانية المرتبطة في المقام الأول.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولكن عندما تبيع الحكومة السندات للبنوك،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فإنها تطفئ الاحتياطيات التي تم إنشاؤها&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولكن ليس الودائع المقابلة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;كما تلقي المعادلة الأخيرة الضوء&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على كيفية تأثير التيسير الكمي على الميزانيات العمومية للقطاع الخاص&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بشكل مختلف اعتمادًا على ما إذا كان ذلك أم لا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يقوم البنك المركزي بشراء السندات من البنوك أو من الجمهور&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(بما في ذلك الوسطاء الماليين الذين ليسوا بنوكًا تعمل نيابة عنه).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;عندما يشتري البنك المركزي السندات من البنوك،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يرتفع GBCB وينخفض ​​GBBK،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لكن مستوى الودائع في النظام المصرفي لا يتأثر.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولكن عندما يشتري البنك المركزي السندات من الجمهور،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ترتفع الودائع بنفس المقدار (كما تفعل الاحتياطيات).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وفي الواقع&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فإن هذا النوع من التيسير الكمي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لا يؤدي إلا إلى عكس التأثير الاستنزافي على الاحتياطيات والودائع&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والذي خلفه الإصدار الأصلي للسندات الحكومية للعامة على كل منهما.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(10) هناك طريقة أخرى لتصور التيسير الكمي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهي عملية إدارة ديون الحكومة الموحدة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(الحكومة بالإضافة إلى البنك المركزي).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;عندما يقوم البنك المركزي بتنفيذ التيسير الكمي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;عن طريق شراء ديون حكومية طويلة الأجل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;أو أصول مضمونة من قبل الحكومة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;تقوم الحكومة الموحدة&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;بسحب الديون طويلة الأجل أو ضمانات على الديون طويلة الأجل&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وإصدار ديون البنك المركزي (الاحتياطيات) بدلا من ذلك.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وهذا من شأنه أن يؤدي إلى تقصير مدة وتكاليف خدمة الدين&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;للديون المستحقة على الحكومة الموحدة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;وخاصة عندما لا يدفع البنك المركزي فوائد على الاحتياطيات الفائضة.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;إن تأثير عملية إدارة الديون&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;هو الجانب الآخر&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;من تأثير إعادة توازن المحفظة على إجمالي محفظة القطاع الخاص.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(11) يفرض التيسير الكمي ضغوطًا هبوطية على أسعار الفائدة طويلة الأجل.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;وهذا يختلف عن القول&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بأنه يؤدي إلى انخفاض أسعار الفائدة على المدى الطويل.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ومن الناحية الفنية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;يعمل التيسير الكمي على خفض علاوات الأجل،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولكنه في الوقت نفسه أو مع فارق زمني&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;قد يؤدي إلى رفع توقعات التضخم، إذا كانت ضعيفة،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;والتوقعات المتعلقة بالنمو الحقيقي في المستقبل.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;(12) وهذا يختلف تمامًا عن القول&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بأنه سيؤدي إلى خلق &quot;الكثير&quot; من الائتمان.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;أنا بالتأكيد لا أدعي ذلك.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;ولأن التيسير الكمي من غير المرجح أن يتم ملاحظته&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;إلا في الظروف القاسية من الضائقة الاقتصادية والمالية،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;فعندما من المرجح أن تكون قوى تقليص الديون في القطاع الخاص قوية،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;فمن المرجح أن نلاحظ نمواً ائتمانياً ضعيفاً أو حتى انكماشاً ائتمانياً.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لا يؤدي التيسير الكمي إلى نمو ائتماني قوي&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;لأنه لا يتم ملاحظة (تنفيذ) التيسير الكمي في البيئات الاقتصادية التي يتم تنفيذها فيها.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ومع ذلك، من المرجح أن يكون نمو الائتمان أضعف&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;أو أن انكماش الائتمان سيكون أكثر حدة في غياب التيسير الكمي،&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;على الرغم من أنه لا يمكن اختبار هذا الواقع المضاد بشكل مباشر.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;البحوث ذات صلة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;•تقرير خاص:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;بول شيرد، كبير الاقتصاديين في وكالة ستاندرد آند بورز&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;حول السياسة الاقتصادية، 26 أبريل 2013&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;•تسميات &quot;الصقر&quot; و&quot;الحمامة&quot; مخصصة للطيور، 29 يوليو 2013&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;•إعادة النظر في السياسة النقدية: دروس وتذكيرات من الأزمة المالية الكبرى، 3 أبريل 2013&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;•وراء حيلة العملة البلاتينية: الميكانيكا النقدية، 15 يناير 2013&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;•بنك الاحتياطي الفيدرالي: تحليل اتصالاته، 7 يناير 2013&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;•بنك الاحتياطي الفيدرالي: التقدم بكامل طاقته، 13 ديسمبر 2012&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;حقوق الطبع والنشر © 2014 لشركة Standard &amp;amp; Poor&#39;s Financial Services LLC،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt; وهي جزء من شركة McGraw Hill Financial. كل الحقوق محفوظة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://hks.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/centers/mrcbg/programs/senior.fellows/2019-20%20fellows/BanksCannotLendOutReservesAug2013_%20(002).pdf&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #1155cc; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;https://hks.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/centers/mrcbg/programs/senior.fellows/2019-20%20fellows/BanksCannotLendOutReservesAug2013_%20(002).pdf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/feeds/2100356651305805119/comments/default' title='تعليقات الرسالة'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2023/12/blog-post_17.html#comment-form' title='0 تعليقات'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/2100356651305805119'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2756764865486377695/posts/default/2100356651305805119'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://iraq56.blogspot.com/2023/12/blog-post_17.html' title=' البنوك لا تستطيع ان تقرض احتياطياتها الفائضة لدى البنك المركزي'/><author><name>abdullah aljinaahi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07428918488938833478</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='22' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYirY3kNAlfPPymszGVtS-DEa2BHrEVm36W05dVXGVI7a6GLOVK2sHMAOVqx06mbRjPkM0RIZNzHQqxCN1YidFAQeKKS4RCboWIQL9VHuRqed4wAuVsla1wpgV2apcAA/s113/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9.PNG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/NXS5Ko2BAlqiJM8eoql2X6lc-mV0Jr_vuNV3T4LgyUB6ar4blRn6L6oiWVdPjEly8aDvJjVfG4YY4ilqYuMxscmhOK0_4hHPBzCAP_KpVavVjPNSaniPHUGwk_X5bJSvdnRpdqMo-xW3sklMwFqHNY4=s72-c" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>