<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1801621458358142129</id><updated>2017-04-05T20:18:33.818+03:00</updated><category term="2017"/><category term="elearning"/><category term="learning methods"/><category term="learning technologies"/><category term="trends"/><title type='text'>eLearning Informatics</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mivanova.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1801621458358142129/posts/default'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mivanova.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Malinka Ivanova</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://img265.imageshack.us/img265/8600/picmxg9.jpg'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>2</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1801621458358142129.post-4325756510912146579</id><published>2017-04-01T18:36:00.001+03:00</published><updated>2017-04-01T19:37:28.622+03:00</updated><title type='text'>IEETeL 2017 - Call for papers!</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lW0hLXhXvXI/WN8yyb1o-ZI/AAAAAAAABm4/aQKWxht7N30cKQyAf6ZbCoL1SUpZ_hzJwCLcB/s1600/pic_Bratislava5.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lW0hLXhXvXI/WN8yyb1o-ZI/AAAAAAAABm4/aQKWxht7N30cKQyAf6ZbCoL1SUpZ_hzJwCLcB/s320/pic_Bratislava5.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;This year the &lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sites.google.com/view/ieetel2017/home&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;8th International workshop on Interactive Environments and Emerging Technologies for eLearning&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;will be part of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://sdiwc.net/conferences/7th-international-conference-digital-information-communication-technology-applications/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;7th International Conference on Digital Information and Communication Technology and Applications (DICTAP2017)&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is organized in beautiful city &lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;Bratislava&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, Slovakia, June 29 - July 1, 2017.&lt;br /&gt;Our host is&amp;nbsp;Comenius University in Bratislava.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The aim of &lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;IEETeL &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;is to connect researchers, educators and technology experts giving them an opportunity to share and discuss new solutions, trends and realizations of eLearning environments and the adoption of emerging technologies in educational settings. These will draw the challenging problems in information gathering, processing and usage; development of web-based and mobile services; building intelligent and social-oriented applications in support of flexible, personalized, adaptable, in-demand learning.&lt;br /&gt;This forum invites research, technical papers, and work in progress investigating eLearning environment process development, information processing/management in local and small settings as well as in global and large scale ones and practices of implementation in education to facilitate university students as well as to prepare them to become self-organized and life-long learners. These include the technological aspect of environment building: “from scratch”, using open source software or mashup applications from a cloud as well as pedagogical strategies and solutions for utilizing such environments.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;u&gt;Topics:&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Web 2.0 Applications for Learning&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;3D Virtual Environments&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Semantic Web&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Immersive technologies in ADL&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Networks/Grids for learning&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Adaptive and intuitive environments&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Personal Learning Environments&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Mobile learning &amp;nbsp;environments and applications&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Augmented Reality Implementation&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Intelligent and smart applications&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Visual aspects&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Internet of things&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Security and privacy&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Learning Analytics&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Educational Data Mining&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Social-Collaborative Learning&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Peer Learning&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Peer evaluation&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Assessment in education&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Others&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The authors are encouraged to submit their work electronically as pdf format without author(s) name and by email with author(s) name to the Workshop Chairs: nakayama@ict.e.titech.ac.jp , marte@dis.uniroma1.it , m_ivanova@tu-sofia.bg .&lt;br /&gt;All registered papers will be published in the proceedings of the conference and will be included in IEEE Xplore, SCOPUS as well as in other abstracting and indexing databases.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h4&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Selected papers from IEETeL will be invited to submit an extension to the Special Issue on &lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&quot;Recommending and Adaptive Technologies in e-learning&quot;&lt;/span&gt; of the journal &lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394;&quot;&gt;Advances in Human-Computer Interaction&lt;/span&gt;. (AHCI is an Open Access Journal, indexed in Scopus and WoS; web site: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ahci/).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;Program Committee:&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Alexander Mikroyannidis, The Open University, UK&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Andrea Sterbini, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Carla Limongelli, &amp;nbsp;Roma Tre University, Italy&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Chadli Abdelhafid, Ibn Khaldoun University, Tunisia&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Damiano Distante, Unitelma Sapienza, Rome, Italy&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Elena Railean, Tiraspol State University, Moldova&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Elvira Popescu, University of Craiova, Romania&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Fernando Albuquerque Costa, University of Lisboa, Portugal&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Filippo Sciarrone, Roma Tre University, Italy&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Laurent Moccozet, University of Geneva, Switzerland&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Luigi Laura, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Kay Berkling, Duale Hochschule Baden-Württemberg Karlsruhe, Germany&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Maiga Chang, Athabasca University, Canada&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Maya Dimitrova, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Bulgaria&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Pasquina Campanella, University of Bari &quot;Aldo Moro&quot;, Italy&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Rachid Anane, Coventry University, UK&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Ricardo Queiros, Politechnic of Porto, Portugal&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Umberto Nanni, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Zuzana Kubincova, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;u&gt;Important dates:&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Submission deadline: &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;10 May&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Notification of acceptance: &amp;nbsp;20 May&lt;br /&gt;Camera ready submission: &amp;nbsp;28 May&lt;br /&gt;Registration: &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;28 May&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;Your contribution is very welcome!&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394;&quot;&gt;We are looking forward to hearing from you!&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000;&quot;&gt;Join us!&lt;/span&gt; :)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mivanova.blogspot.com/feeds/4325756510912146579/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1801621458358142129&amp;postID=4325756510912146579' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1801621458358142129/posts/default/4325756510912146579'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1801621458358142129/posts/default/4325756510912146579'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mivanova.blogspot.com/2017/04/this-year-8th-international-workshop-on.html' title='IEETeL 2017 - Call for papers!'/><author><name>Malinka Ivanova</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://img265.imageshack.us/img265/8600/picmxg9.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lW0hLXhXvXI/WN8yyb1o-ZI/AAAAAAAABm4/aQKWxht7N30cKQyAf6ZbCoL1SUpZ_hzJwCLcB/s72-c/pic_Bratislava5.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1801621458358142129.post-6949029434051082067</id><published>2017-03-22T10:30:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2017-03-22T10:30:25.627+02:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="2017"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="elearning"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="learning methods"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="learning technologies"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="trends"/><title type='text'>The future of eLearning</title><content type='html'>&lt;h2&gt;&lt;b&gt;eLearning Trends in 2017&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In this post I summarize the trends in eLearning according to the publications found on the web.&lt;br /&gt;The extracted keywords vote for several technologies and learning methods. Agree!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;Mobile learning&lt;/span&gt; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;span style=&quot;background-color: lime;&quot;&gt;Gamification&lt;/span&gt; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #cfe2f3;&quot;&gt;Social learning&lt;/span&gt; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;span style=&quot;color: orange;&quot;&gt;Video learning&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #ead1dc;&quot;&gt;Microlearning&lt;/span&gt; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000;&quot;&gt;Augmented Reality&amp;amp;Virtual Reality&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #6fa8dc;&quot;&gt;Artificial Intelligence &lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f6b26b;&quot;&gt;Interactive Learning &lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #a64d79;&quot;&gt;Learning Analytics &lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #38761d;&quot;&gt;Personalized learning&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000;&quot;&gt;Shorter, sharper content &lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #6aa84f;&quot;&gt;Focus on results &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #e69138;&quot;&gt;Learning on the go &lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #45818e;&quot;&gt;Lower costs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #ffd966;&quot;&gt;Peer produced content&lt;/span&gt; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #e69138;&quot;&gt;Subjects in demand&lt;/span&gt; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #93c47d;&quot;&gt;The Next Generation LMS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;The Learning Record Store &lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #d5a6bd;&quot;&gt;Free online resources and open courses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;Training management systems &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #134f5c;&quot;&gt;Increased Multimedia &lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #4c1130;&quot;&gt;Responsive design&lt;/span&gt; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000;&quot;&gt;Cloud computing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://elearningindustry.com/top-10-elearning-trends-to-watch-in-2017&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Top 10 eLearning Trends To Watch In 2017&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://elearningindustry.com/free-ebook-elearning-trends-and-predictions-2017&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;eLearning Trends And Predictions For 2017&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.elearninglearning.com/2017/trends/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Trends according to eLearning Learning&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.talentlms.com/blog/corporate-elearning-trends-2017/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Corporate eLearning in 2017: 6 key trends to be aware of&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.learndash.com/9-top-elearning-trends-for-2017/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;9 Top ELearning Trends for 2017&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lifehack.org/494357/top-6-e-learning-trends-in-2017&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Top 6 E-Learning Trends in 2017&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.skilljar.com/2017-trends-in-elearning&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;2017 Trends in eLearning&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.trainingpressreleases.com/news/learning-heroes/2017/6-e-learning-trends-for-2017&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;6 e-learning trends for 2017&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.learninglight.com/elearning-predictions/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;eLearning Predictions for 2017 &amp;amp; Beyond&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://leanforward.com/elearning-trends/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;5 Elearning Trends for 2017&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.imodeducation.com/10-awesome-elearning-trends-predictions-watch-2017/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;10 Awesome eLearning Trends &amp;amp; Predictions to Watch in 2017&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.learningnexus.co.uk/5-trends-will-shape-elearning-2017/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;5 Trends That Will Shape eLearning in 2017&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.contentraven.com/learning/elearning-trends-outlook-for-2017&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;eLearning Trends: Outlook for 2017 Puts a Focus on Accessibility, Analytics and Adaptability&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.grazitti.com/blog/top-trends-in-e-learning-for-2017/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Top Trends in E-Learning for 2017&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.trainingzone.co.uk/community/blogs/aurionlearning/10-elearning-trends-you-need-to-know-for-2017&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;10 eLearning Trends You Need to Know for 2017&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.matrixlms.com/7-e-learning-trends-2017/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;7 e-learning trends for 2017&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://i-lovelearning.com/en/e-learning-2017-facts-and-trends/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;E-learning in 2017. Facts and trends&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tinktank.com.sg/5-amazing-elearning-trends-2017/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;5 Amazing eLearning Trends for 2017!&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mivanova.blogspot.com/feeds/6949029434051082067/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1801621458358142129&amp;postID=6949029434051082067' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1801621458358142129/posts/default/6949029434051082067'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1801621458358142129/posts/default/6949029434051082067'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mivanova.blogspot.com/2017/03/the-future-of-elearning.html' title='The future of eLearning'/><author><name>Malinka Ivanova</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://img265.imageshack.us/img265/8600/picmxg9.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>