How To Crack CCNA Exam

Hi guys any query?????

2013-08-15T23:13:00.001+05:30

Custom IP addressing with Class-C IP address and Class-B Subnet Mask

2012-03-14T17:22:00.000+05:30

Hi,
Is it possible to use IP Address 192.168.1.100 with subnet mask 255.255.0.0 ?

How to find collision Domain and Broadcast domain

2011-12-22T23:21:00.000+05:30

To find CD and BD follow these rules

1) HUB-                1CD - 1BD
2) Switch- Multiple CD - 1 BD
3) Router- Multiple CD - 1 BD
4) Bridge- Multiple CD - Multiple BD

R---------------R----------------R
|                 |                 |
|                 |                 |
|                 |                 |
S               H--PC        B
|                 |                |

PC            PC             H-------PC

CD-7
BD-5

CCNA Subnetting Question with answer: What wil be the valid host range for network 172.23.12.0/23

2011-10-23T20:47:00.000+05:30

Given Network = 172.23.12.0

Subnet Mask = /23 = 255.255.254.0

We calculate the Block Size for third Octet = 256-254

= 2

Therefore the Subnetwork in third octet will be = 0,2,4,6,8,10,12.......254

Now We can write Subnetwork

172.23.0.0

172.23.2.0

172.23.4.0

172.23.6.0

172.23.8.0

172.23.10.0

172.23.12.0 to 172.23.13.255

172.23.14.0

Answer: Valid Host Range = 172.23.12.1 to 172.23.13.254 for Network 172.23.12.0

CCNA Subnetting Question with answer: What will be the Subnet Mask for Point to Point Link between Router?

2011-10-23T03:02:00.000+05:30

For Point to point to link we require two IP addresses. For two IP address we can calculate the subnet mask as below.

Number of Host = 2 ^{off bits} - 2

2 = 2 ^{off bits}- 2

2+2 = 2 ^{off bits}

4 =2 ^{off bits}

Therefore Off Bits = 2

Subnet Mask = 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100

= 255.255.255.252

Answer: SM = 255.255.255.252

How to decrypt MD5 password of a router

2011-10-23T01:43:00.000+05:30

Use this following link to decrypt MD5 password.

http://md5decryption.com/

How to Configure Telnet on a Router

2011-10-23T01:36:00.000+05:30

Router>enable
Router#Conf t
Router(Conf)#Line VTY 0 4
Router(conf-line)#Line VTY 0 4
Router(conf-line)#password 12345
Router(conf-line)#login
Router(conf-line)#cntrl+z
Router#copy run start

How to configure Banner in the router

2011-10-23T01:14:00.000+05:30

Router>enable
Router#Configure terminal
Router(Conf)#banner motd # **************This is my Core router*************** #
Router(Conf)#Cntrl+Z
Router#Copy Running-conf startup-conf

Routing and Routed Protocol

2011-10-21T00:25:00.000+05:30

This topic describes the difference between Routing and Routed protocols

Read more

Routing Protocol: It is used to find the routes by the routers for example, RIP, EIGRP OSPF etc.

Routed Protocol: It is used to carry the data between hosts. for example, IP,IPX and Appletalk.

Cable connection for Router Switch and PC

2011-10-20T19:53:00.000+05:30

There are different UTP cable standards used to connect devices.

Crossover UTP cable

Router to Router
Switch to Switch
Hub to Hub
Switch to Hub
PC to PC

Straight through Cable

PC to Switch
Router to Switch
Router to Hub
Switch to PC
Hub to PC

Rolled Over Cable : It is used to configure router/switch

Router to PC
Switch to PC

Connection less and Connection Oriented Service

2011-10-19T22:54:00.000+05:30

Transport Layer Service

Connection Less- In Connectionless service there is no acknowledgement, no error control and no flow control. It is faster than connection oriented. UDP uses connectionless service.

Connection Oriented- In Connection Oriented service there is acknowledgement, error control and flow control. It is slower than UDP. Example is TCP.

CCNA Subnetting Question with answer: What will be the broadcast IP for the Network 10.1.1.0/24?

2011-10-17T23:15:00.006+05:30

As the Network IP address is 10.1.1.0

Given Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0
Default Subnet mask = 255.0.0.0

Here we need to calculate the Subnetwork From second Octet.

Read More

Second Octet Block Size = 256-255 =1
Third Octet Block Size = 256-255 =1
Fourth Octet Block Size = 256-0 = 256

Therefore Subnetwork address will be like this

10.0.0.0 Nw
10.0.0.1
10.0.0.2....255 B
10.0.1.0 Nw
10.0.1.1
10.0.1.2....255 B
10.0.2.0 Nw
10.0.2.1
10.0.2.2....255 B
so on
10.0.255.0 NW
10.0.255.1
10.0.255.2.....255 B
10.1.0.0 Nw
10.1.0.1
10.1.0.2....255 B
10.1.1.0 Nw
10.1.1.1
10.1.1.2....254 Last Valid Host
10.1.1.255------------------- This will be the Broadcast IP address for 10.1.1.0/24
10.1.2.0

CCNA Subnetting Question with answer: What will be the Valid host range for Network 10.0.1.0/28?

2011-10-17T22:50:00.002+05:30

Network IP address is given as 10.0.1.0
Subnet Mask /28                     255.255.255.240

As this is class A IP address so the default Network is the first octet. The subnet mask is borrowing the bits up to fourth octet. So we need to calculate the subnetwork from second octet to fourth octet.

Read More

                                         Block size on last Octet = 256-240
                                                                             = 16

                             Block Size on second and third Octet   = 256-255

= 1

The block size for second.third.fourth octet is 1.1.16

Thus the subnetwork will be 0.0.0         0.1.0
                                                0.0.32       0.1.16
                                                0.0.48       0.1.32
                                                0.0.64...... 0.1.64....... 0.1.240

Therefore the Valid Host range of the Network will be 10.0.1.1 to 10.0.1.14

CCNA Question with Answer of CCNA Exam

2011-10-16T17:32:00.003+05:30

1) Which of the following describe private IP addresses? (Choose two.)
A) addresses licensed to enterprises or ISPs by an Internet registry organization
B) addresses that can be routed through the public Internet
C) a scheme to conserve public addresses
D) addresses that cannot be routed through the public Internet
E) addresses chosen by a company to communicate with the Internet
Answer: CD

Read More

2)Which host addresses are members of networks that can be routed across the public Internet? (Choose three.)
A) 172.16.223.125
B) 172.64.12.29
C) 198.234.12.95
D) 212.193.48.254
Answer: BCD

3) DNS servers provide what service?
A) They map individual hosts to their specific IP addresses.
B) They convert domain names into IP addresses.
C) They run a spell check on host names to ensure accurate routing.
D) Given an IP address, they determine the name of the host that is sought.
Answer: B

4)How does a DHCP server dynamically assign IP addresses to hosts?
A. Addresses are permanently assigned so that the host uses the same address at all times.
B. Addresses are assigned for a fixed period of time. At the end of the period, a new request for an address must be made, and another address is then assigned.
C. Addresses are leased to hosts.Host usually keeps same address by periodically contacting the DHCP server to renew the lease.
D. Addresses are allocated after a negotiation between the server and the host to determine the length of the agreement.
Answer: C

5) The network default gateway applying to a host by DHCP is 192.168.5.33/28. Which option is the valid IP address of this host?
A) 192.168.5.55
B) 192.168.5.47
C) 192.168.5.40
D) 192.168.5.32
E) 192.168.5.14
Answer: C

6) Which two addresses can be assigned to a host with a subnet mask of 255.255.254.0? (Choose two.)
A) 113.10.4.0
B) 186.54.3.0
C) 175.33.3.255
D) 26.35.2.255
E) 17.35.36.0
Answer:B,D

7)How many subnets can be gained by subnetting 172.17.32.0/23 into a /27 mask, and how many usable host addresses will there be per subnet?
A) 8 subnets, 31 hosts
B) 8 subnets, 32 hosts
C) 16 subnets, 30 hosts
D) A Class B address can't be subnetted into the fourth octet.
E) 16 subnets, 32 hosts
Answer: C

8)If an ethernet port on a router was assigned an IP address of 172.16.112.1/20, what is the maximum number of hosts allowed on this subnet?
A) 8190
B) 4096
C) 4094
D) 1024
E) 2046
Answer: C

9) Which subnet mask would be appropriate for a network address range to be subnetted for up to eight LANs, with each LAN containing 5 to 26 hosts?
A. 255.255.255.224
B. 0.0.0.240
C. 255.255.255.252
Answer: A

10) As the network administrator of your company, you have been assigned the task of designing a new Office internetwork. So you need to consider IP addressing scheme, Which two subnetworks would be included in the
summarized address of 172.31.80.0 /20? (Choose two.)
A. 172.31.92.0 /22
B. 172.31.51.16 /30
C. 172.31.80.0 /22
D. 172.31.17.4 /30
Answer: AC

How to Connect Network Printer in Windows

2011-10-16T16:25:00.000+05:30

How can we connect to Network printer ?

1) Go to "Printer and Faxes"
2) Add a Printer
3) Welcome to add printer Wizard will get open. Click Next
4) Select "Local Printer Attached to this computer" and check on Automatically detect and click Next
5) It will open "New Printer Detection" Window. Click Next

Read More

6) Now Select a printer Port page will open. There select Create a new Port
7) Select Standard TCP/IP port and click next
8) Click Next on Welcome to The add standard TCP/IP port.
9) Write Printer IP address
10)Click Next and finish.

You are ready with Network Printer Setup.

What is LPD?

2011-10-16T15:13:00.000+05:30

LPD which stands for Line Printer Daemon. It is used to share printers on a network.It uses software Line Printer Program. This software spools the print jobs to the network printer. It uses two types of files a) Data Files b) Control Files
Data files contain the data information and control files contain information for example queue number and node address.

CCNA Latest Dumps

2011-10-16T14:58:00.000+05:30

To get Latest CCNA 640-802 dumps give your mail address.

Switching Modes

2011-10-15T22:14:00.000+05:30

Switching Mode is a technique used by switch to transfer data between source and destination computers.

There are different modes of switching.

1) Store and forward

2) Cut through

3) Fragment Free

1) Store and forward: In store Forward Method Switch copies the entire data frame to its buffer memory before forwarding to the destination.Switch also performs CRC to ensure there is no loss of data. The data is forwarded to the destination MAC address by checking MAC address table. Example- CISCO catalyst 5000 series.

Read More

2) Cut-Through: In this mode Switch forwards the data by shortest path and only copies destination address. Switch does not check for errors in the data.Therefore it is faster, but there might have some errors.

3) Fragment Free Mode: It is similar to Store and forward, but switch checks for errors. It provides more error free data compared to store and forward. Example- 1900 CISCO Catalyst.

What is VLSM

2011-10-14T21:07:00.000+05:30

Quesion: What is Variable Length Subnet Mask (VLSM) ?

Ans: VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Mask) is used to reduce the wastage of IP address space, to reduce the congestion. In VLSM, different length of subnet mask is used and more network can be addressed.

e.g. 255.255.255.128
        255.255.255.192
        255.255.255.224 ...........
Read More

There are wastage of IP addresses in classful IP address.

Now take one example

1) There is a class C network in which 100 host needs to be connected so what will be the best subnet mask?

First consider Classful addressing, Default subnet mask for class C is 255.255.255.0 in which 254 hosts can be connected. Here we can find that there is wastage of 254-100=154 IP Address.

Now consider VLSM addressing for this network.
We calculate the off bits for calculating subnet mask.

Number of Host = 2^off bits -2
100=2^off bits-2
100+2=2^off bits
102=2^off bits
off bits = = 7 ( 2^off bits=128 which is nearest to 102)

Here we calculate the nearest off bits as 7 in which 126 host can be connected .
So the wastage of IP address is 126-100=26. which is very less as compared to 154.

So the subnet mask will have 7 bits off.
subnet mask = 11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000
                         255.255.255.128
So for 100 hosts this 255.255.255.128 VLSM is used instead of 255.255.255.0

Job opening for B.E and CCNA Certified candidates

2011-10-14T12:05:00.000+05:30

There is an opening for B.E and CCNA certified candidates in UCO Bank as specialist officer

Last date is 17th October.

Check the Link

http://recruitment.ucobank.com/

Important Port numbers for CCNA Exam

2011-10-14T11:53:00.002+05:30

Important Port numbers for CCNA Exam

20   FTP Data
21   FTP Control
23   Telnet

Read more

25   SMTP
53   DNS
69   TFTP
80   HTTP/WWW
8080 HTTP Alternate
109 POP2
110 POP3
443 HTTPS

How to configure Modem or wireless Router

2011-10-14T11:23:00.001+05:30

How to configure Modem or Wireless Router through LAN ?

1) Connect straight through UTP cable to your Modem or Wireless Router
2) By default Modem or Router's IP address is 192.168.1.1 or 192.168.0.1
3) Configure your PC Network Address as 192.168.1.2 or 192.168.0.2

Read more

4) Configure Default subnet mask as 255.255.255.0
5) Configure Default Gateway as 192.168.1.1 or 192.168.0.1
6) Now Check the connectivity with modem or router with "PING" utility
7) Open Internet Explorer and in URL type the modem or router's IP address
8) It will ask you the username and password
9) Default username and password is admin or check the device for username and password
10) Now you will get the GUI mode of your device
11) Here you can configure your device

Differences and Similarities Between Switch and Bridge

2011-10-14T09:57:00.001+05:30

Question: What are the differences and similarities in Switch and Bridge?

Answer:

Differences:

1) Switch is hardware based (i.e. ASIC chip) Bridge is software based
2) Switch is faster than Bridge

Read more

3) Switch is known as multiport Bridge
4) It has more number of ports than Bridge
5) Bridge is overruled by Switch

Similarities:
1) Both devices work on layer 2 of OSI model i.e, data Link Layer
2) Both devices use MAC Address for communication
3) Both devices are used to connect different LAN segments

SSH configuration on Router

2011-10-13T22:05:00.001+05:30

How to configure SSH on the router?

R(config)# username ccna password 123
R(config)#ip domain-name ccna.com
R(config)#crypto key generate rsa
R(config)#ip ssh version 2

Read more

R(config)#line vty 0 4
R(config)#login local
R(config)#transport input ssh
//* This command refuses telnet connection and allow only ssh connection*//

How to connect to Router remotely using SSH?

Open the Dos terminal of the system

ssh -l ccna 10.1.1.1 //*This is the IP Address of the router's Interface*//

open
password:123

R>

Here you can configure Router....

As SSH uses secure connection that is why RSA key is generated.

Time Based Access List

2011-10-13T21:37:00.002+05:30

Time Based Access List: It is similar like Extended Access List but it allows the access control based on time. A time range is defined in terms of weeks and

Read More
days. It is identified by name and then it is referenced by a function. Lets understand one example.

1) I am defining name of the time-range

R(config)# time-range raviworkingday

2) Days and Time can be defined as below

R(config-time-range)# periodic Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday 9:00 to 16:00

3) Now creating Extended Access List to allow telnet Including time range

R(config)#access-list 150 permit tcp 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 eq telnet time-range raviworkingday

4) Applying inbound Access List on interface fa0/1

R(config)#int fa0/1

R(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

R(config-if)#ip access-group 150 in

In this example telnet from 192.168.1.0 network to 10.1.1.0 network is permitted on working days during business hours.