Gowtham's Update :

How To Install Memcached and Memcache Php Extensions In Ubuntu

2014-12-06T15:43:00.001+05:30

What is Memcached?

Free & open source, high-performance, distributed memory object caching system, generic in nature, but intended for use in speeding up dynamic web applications by alleviating database load.

Memcached is an in-memory key-value store for small chunks of arbitrary data (strings, objects) from results of database calls, API calls, or page rendering.

Memcached is simple yet powerful. Its simple design promotes quick deployment, ease of development, and solves many problems facing large data caches. Its API is available for most popular languages.

To install Memcached in Ubuntu, continue with the steps below.

sudo apt-get install php5 php5-dev php5-memcached

Next, run the commands below to install Memcached

sudo apt-get install memcached

To start Memcached, run the commands below.

sudo service memcached start

To verify if Memcached is install and functioning, run the commands below to view its stats.

echo "stats settings" | nc localhost 11211

The above command gives the following results.

Live run-time stats can be viewed by running the commands below.

watch "echo stats | nc 127.0.0.1 11211"

This is how you install Memcached and its PHP extensions in Ubuntu.

To verify memcached installation via PHP, create a PHP test page with the code below.

sudo vi /var/www/info.php

Then type the code below in it and save.

<?
phpinfo(); ?>

Open your browser and browse to that page and you should see something like the image below.

Memcached default configuration file in Ubuntu is at

/usr/share/memcached/memcached.conf.default

If you wish to make changes to Memcached configuration, do it in this file. You can increase/decrease the memory, connection port, log file location many more settings in this file to control how Memcached operates.

Configuring Master Slave Replication In Mysql

2014-12-06T10:39:00.004+05:30

MySQL replication is a process that allows you to easily maintain multiple copies of a MySQL data by having them copied automatically from a master to a slave database. This can be helpful for many reasons including facilitating a backup for the data,a way to analyze it without using the main database, or simply as a means to scale out.

This tutorial will use the following IP addresses:

10.10.10.10- Master Database Server
10.10.10.11- Slave Database Server

Installation

This article assumes that you have user with sudo privileges and have MySQL installed. If you do not have mysql, you can install it with this command:
sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client.

Step One : Configure the Master Database

Open up the mysql configuration file on the master server.

sudo vi /etc/mysql/my.cnf

Once inside that file, we need to make a few changes.

The first step is to find the section that looks like this, binding the server to the local host:

bind-address = 127.0.0.1

Replace the standard IP address with the IP address of server.

bind-address = 10.10.10.10

The next configuration change refers to the server-id, located in the [mysqld] section. You can choose any number for this spot (it may just be easier to start with 1), but the number must be unique and cannot match any other server-id in your replication group. I’m going to go ahead and call this one 1.

Make sure this line is uncommented.

server-id = 1

Move on to the log_bin line. This is where the real details of the replication are kept. The slave is going to copy all of the changes that are registered in the log. For this step we simply need to uncomment the line that refers to log_bin:

log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log

Finally, we need to designate the database that will be replicated on the slave server. You can include more than one database by repeating this line for all of the databases you will need.

binlog_do_db = replica_demo

After you make all of the changes, go ahead and save and exit out of the configuration file.

Refresh MySQL.

sudo service mysql restart

The next steps will take place in the MySQL shell, itself.

Open up the MySQL shell.

mysql -u root -p

We need to grant privileges to the slave. You can use this line to name your slave and set up their password. The command should be in this format:

GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'root'@'10.10.10.11' IDENTIFIED BY 'topsecretpassword';

Follow up with:

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

The next part is a bit finicky. To accomplish the task you will need to open a new window or tab in addition to the one that you are already using a few steps down the line.

In your current tab switch to “replica_demo” database.

USE replica_demo;

Following that, lock the database to prevent any new changes:

FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;

Then type in:

SHOW MASTER STATUS;

You will see a table that should look something like this:

+---------------------+---------------+--------------------+------------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+----------------------+---------------+--------------------+-----------------------+
| mysql-bin.000005 | 107 | replica_demo | |
+----------------------+---------------+--------------------+-----------------------+

This is the position from which the slave database will start replicating. Record these numbers, they will come in useful later.

If you make any new changes in the same window, the database will automatically unlock. For this reason, you should open the new tab or window and continue with the next steps there.

Proceeding the with the database still locked, export your database using mysqldump in the new window (make sure you are typing this command in the bash shell, not in MySQL).

mysqldump -u root -p --opt replica_demo > replica_demo.sql

Now, returning to your your original window, unlock the databases (making them writeable again). Finish up by exiting the shell.

UNLOCK TABLES;
QUIT;

Now you are all done with the configuration of the the master database.

Step Two : Configure the Slave Database

Once you have configured the master database. You can put it aside for a while, and we will now begin to configure the slave database.

Log into your slave server(10.10.10.11), open up the MySQL shell and create the new database that you will be replicating from the master (then exit):

CREATE DATABASE replica_demo;
EXIT;

Import the database that you previously exported from the master database.

mysql -u root -p replica_demo < /path/to/replica_demo.sql

Now we need to configure the slave configuration in the same way as we did the master:

sudo vi /etc/mysql/my.cnf

We have to make sure that we have a few things set up in this configuration. The first is the server-id. This number, as mentioned before needs to be unique. Since it is set on the default (still 1), be sure to change it’s something different.

server-id = 2

Following that, make sure that your have the following three criteria appropriately filled out:

relay-log = /var/log/mysql/mysql-relay-bin.log
log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
binlog_do_db = replica_demo

You will need to add in the relay-log line: it is not there by default. Once you have made all of the necessary changes, save and exit out of the slave configuration file.

Restart MySQL once again:

sudo service mysql restart

The next step is to enable the replication from within the MySQL shell.

Open up the the MySQL shell once again and type in the following details, replacing the values to match your information:

CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.10.10.10',MASTER_USER='root', MASTER_PASSWORD='root', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000006', MASTER_LOG_POS=107;

This command accomplishes several things at the same time:
It designates the current server as the slave of our master server.
It provides the server the correct login credentials
Last of all, it lets the slave server know where to start replicating from; the master log file and log position come from the numbers we wrote down previously.

With that—you have configured a master and slave server.

Activate the slave server:

START SLAVE;

You be able to see the details of the slave replication by typing in this command. The \G rearranges the text to make it more readable.

SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G

Referrence Links:

A R Rahman wins Golden Globe nomination for '127 Hours'

2011-01-06T14:52:00.001+05:30

Oscar winning Indian musician AR Rahman is in the race to win his second Golden Globe after being nominated in the Best Original Score category for his music in the Danny Boyle directed film '127 Hours' today.

The 44-year-old singer-composer had won his first Golden Globe in 2009 in the same category for 'Slumdog Millionaire', the Mumbai based potboiler which was again directed by British filmmaker Boyle.

Rahman's music in the film, starring James Franco as real-life mountain climber Aron Ralston, who cut off his arm to escape from beneath a boulder after being trapped for more than five days, had received good reviews for it's "haunting tracks" and "wonderful crescendos."

The soundtrack includes 'If I Rise', a collaboration between Rahman and American popstar Dido.

The nominations to the coveted award were announced here today and Rahman's competition includes Alexandre Desplat

who was nominated for 'The King's Speech', Danny Elfman who was nominated for 'Alice in Wonderland', Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross who were jointly nominated for 'The Social Network' and Hans Zimmer who won a nod for his score in 'Inception'.

The musician, known as the 'Mozart of Madras' had won two Oscars for his score in 'Slumdog Millionaire' at the 2009 Oscars, taking the film's total haul to eight.

His song 'Na Na' from his Hollywood debut venture 'Couple's Retreat', was longlisted in the 'Best Original Song' category at the 2010 Oscars but failed to win a nomination.

Rahman, who was honoured with a Padma Bhushan this year, had enjoyed a golden run at the 52nd Grammy Awards, where he had again bagged two gramophones for his music in the 'Slumdog Millionaire'.

List of Google Products - Complete

2011-01-05T11:46:00.000+05:30

Desktop products

Standalone applications

AdWords Editor (Mac OS X, Windows 2000 SP3+/XP/Vista): Desktop application to manage a Google AdWords account. The application allows users to make changes to their account and advertising campaigns before synchronizing with the online service.

Chrome (Windows XP/Vista/7, GNU/Linux, Mac OS X): Web browser.

Desktop (Mac OS X, Windows 2000 SP3+/XP/Vista, 7, Linux): Desktop search application, that indexes e-mails, documents, music, photos, chats, Web history and other files. It allows the installation of Google Gadgets.

Earth (Linux, Mac OS X, Windows 2000/XP/Vista/7, iPhone, IPad): Virtual 3D globe that uses satellite imagery, aerial photography and GIS from Google's repository.

Gmail/Google Notifier (Mac OS X, Windows 2000/XP): Alerts the user of new messages in their Gmail account.

Pack (Windows XP/Vista/7): Collection of computer applications—some Google-created, some not—including Google Earth, Google Desktop, Picasa, Google Talk, and Google Chrome.

Photos Screensaver: Slideshow screensaver as part of Google Pack, which displays images sourced from a hard disk, or through RSS and Atom Web feeds.

Picasa (Mac OS X, Linux and Windows 2000/XP/Vista/7): Photo organization and editing application, providing photo library options and simple effects. Also includes Facial Recognition and GeoTagging features.

Picasa Web Albums Uploader (Mac OS X): An application to upload images to the "Picasa Web Albums" service. It consists of both an iPhoto plug-in and a stand-alone application.

Quick Search box (Windows, Mac OS X): A search box, based on Quicksilver (software), which allows the user to easily view installed applications or perform online searches.

Secure Access (Windows 2000/XP): VPN client for Google WiFi users, whose equipment does not support WPA or 802.1x protocols

SketchUp (Mac OS X and Windows 2000/Windows XP/Windows Vista/Windows 7): Modelling application to sketch simple 3D structures for integration into Google Earth.

Talk (Windows 2000/Windows XP/Server 2003/Vista, 7): Application for VoIP and instant messaging. It consists of both a service and a client used to connect to the service, which uses the XMPP protocol.

Visigami (Mac OS X Leopard): Image search application screen saver that searches files from Google Images, Picasa and Flickr.

Pinyin Input Method (Windows 2000/Windows XP/Windows Vista) (Google China): Input Method Editor that is used to convert Chinese Pinyin characters, which can be entered on Western-style keyboards, to Chinese characters.

Japanese Input (Windows XP SP2+/Windows Vista SP1+/Windows 7 and Mac OS X Leopard+) (Google Japan)

Japanese Input Method Editor.

Google Indic Input Method (Windows 2000/Windows XP/Windows Vista) (Google India): Input Method Editor that is used to convert Indic characters, which can be entered on Western-style keyboards, to Indian Language characters.

Desktop extensions

These products created by Google are extensions to software created by other organizations.

Blogger Web Comments (Firefox only): Displays related comments from other Blogger users.

Dashboard Widgets for Mac (Mac OS X Dashboard Widgets): Collection of mini-applications including Gmail, Blogger and Search History.

Gears (Google Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer and Safari): A browser plug-in that enables development of off-line browser applications.

Send to Mobile (Firefox) (Discontinued): Allows users to send text messages to their mobile phone (US only) about web content.

Toolbar (Firefox and Internet Explorer): Web browser toolbar with features such as a Google Search box, pop-up blocker as well as the ability for website owners to create buttons.

Mobile products

Online mobile products

These products can be accessed through a browser on a mobile device.

Blogger Mobile: Only available on some US networks. Allows you to update your Blogger blog from a mobile device.

Buzz: Buzz is a social networking service built into Gmail. It was released on February 9, 2010.

Calendar: Displays a list of all Google Calendar events on a mobile device. Users are able to quickly add events to your personal calendar.

Documents: View documents on a mobile device.

Gmail: Access a Gmail account from a mobile device using a standard mobile web browser. Alternatively, Google provides a specific mobile application to access and download Gmail messages quicker. You MUST now provide a phone number to verify your account.

News: Allows the user to access Google News in a mobile-optimized view.

Google Mobilizer: Optimizes web pages for mobile web browsers.

iGoogle: Mobile version of iGoogle that can be easily customised with modules.

Orkut: Connect and share with friends on the go.

Product Search: Updated version of the previous Froogle Mobile that allows users to easily search for information about a product.

Reader: Displays Google Reader on a mobile device.

Mobile search: Search web pages, images, local listings and mobile-specific web pages through the Google search engine. Mobile view is enabled by default.

Picasa Web Albums: Lets you view and share photo albums that you have stored online on Picasa.

Google Latitude: Google Latitude is a mobile geolocation tool that lets your friends know where you are via Google Maps.

Google Maps Navigation (Android only): An Android navigation application for GPS-enabled mobile devices (such as the Google Nexus One) with 3D views, voice guided turn-by-turn navigation and automatic rerouting. It is currently available in the United States, Canada, UK, Ireland, France, Italy, Germany, Spain, Netherlands, Denmark, Austria, Switzerland and Belgium.

Downloadable mobile products

Some of these products must be downloaded and run from a mobile device.

Gmail: A downloadable application that has many advantages over accessing Gmail through a web [interface] on a mobile such as the ability to interact with Gmail features including labels and archiving. Requires a properly configured Java Virtual Machine, which is not available by default on some platforms (such as Palm's Treo).

Maps (Android, BlackBerry, Windows Mobile, iPhone†, Symbian, Palm OS, Palm WebOS, and J2ME): A mobile application for viewing maps on a mobile device. The application lets you find addresses and plot directions. Teamed with a GPS the application can use your geolocation and show your current location on the map. You can also share your current location with friends through Latitude. The device must have either a specific application to use Google maps or any phone with a properly configured Java Virtual Machine.

Sync: Synchronizes a mobile phone with multiple Google calendars as well as contacts using a Google Account.

Talk (BlackBerry, Android, iPhone† only ): VoIP and text application exclusively for BlackBerry and Android smart phones. The Android version is lacking the VoIP function present in BlackBerry version and is text only.

Sky Map (Mobile, Android only): Augmented reality program displaying a star map which is scrolled by moving the phone.

Voice (Android, Blackberry, iPhone): (Available only in the U.S.) A downloadable application for accessing Google Voice functions on selected devices.

YouTube: A downloadable application for viewing YouTube videos on selected devices.

YouTube Remote (Android only): A downloadable application for viewing YouTube videos. The application allows users to browse and play videos, control television volume and essentially do everything the YouTube Leanback product supports, but from their mobile handset.

Listen (Mobile, Android only, from Google Labs): A downloadable application for subscribing to and streaming podcasts and Web audio.

Goggles (Android, iPhone†; from Google Labs): A downloadable application that uses image recognition for triggering searches based on pictures taken with the device's built-in camera. For example, taking a picture of a famous landmark will search for information about it or taking a picture of a product's barcode will search for information on the product.

Shopper (Android only): A downloadable application that makes shopping easier and smarter.

Reader (Android only): A downloadable RSS application that supports unread counts, friends, sharing, liking, and starring.

Books (Android & iPhone†): (Available only in the U.S.) A downloadable application that allows users to buy and download books and keep them stored on remote servers, enabling users to read a single book on a variety of devices.

†Apps marked for iPhone are available on iPod Touch and iPad, as well.

Web products

These products must be accessed via a Web browser.

Account management

Dashboard: Dashboard is an online tool that allows Google Account holders to view all their personal information Google is storing on their servers.

Advertising

Ad Planner: An online tool that allows users to view traffic estimates for popular web sites and create media plans.

Ad Manager: A hosted ad management solution

AdMob: Mobile advertising provider

AdSense: Advertisement program for Website owners. Adverts generate revenue on either a per-click or per-thousand-ads-displayed basis, and adverts shown are from AdWords users, depending on which adverts are relevant.

AdWords: Google's flagship advertising product, and main source of revenue. AdWords offers pay-per-click (PPC) advertising, and site-targeted advertising for both text and banner ads.

Google Advertising Professionals: Google's AdWords partner certification program, providing AdWords qualifications to agencies that pass exams and other criteria

AdWords Website Optimizer: Integrated AdWords tool for testing different website content, in order to gain to the most successful advertising campaigns.

Audio Ads: Radio advertising program for US businesses. Google began to roll this product out on 15 May 2007 through its existing AdWords interface, however has been discontinued.

Click-to-Call: Calling system so users can call advertisers for free at Google's expense from search results pages. This service was discontinued.

DoubleClick: Internet ad serving provider.

Grants: Scheme for non-profit organizations to benefit from free Cost-Per-Click advertising on the AdWords network.

TV Ads: CPM-driven television advertising scheme available on a trial basis, currently aimed towards professional advertisers, agencies and partners.

Communication and publishing

3D Warehouse: Google 3D Warehouse is an online service that hosts 3D models of existing objects, locations (including buildings) and vehicles created in Google SketchUp by the aforementioned application's users. The models can be downloaded into Google SketchUp by other users or Google Earth.

Apps: Custom domain and service integration service for businesses, enterprise and education, featuring Gmail and other Google products.

Blogger: Weblog publishing tool. Users can create custom, hosted blogs with features such as photo publishing, comments, group blogs, blogger profiles and mobile-based posting with little technical knowledge.

Buzz: Integrated with Gmail service allowing to share updates, photos, videos and more at once. It lets the users make conversations about the things they find interesting.

Calendar: Free online calendar. It includes a unique "quick add" function which allows users to insert events using natural language input. Other features include Gmail integration and calendar sharing. It is similar to those offered by Yahoo! and MSN.

Docs: Document, spreadsheet and presentation application, with document collaboration and publishing capabilities.

FeedBurner: News feed management services, including feed traffic analysis and advertising facilities.

Friend Connect: Friend Connect is an online service that empowers website and blog owners to add social features to their websites. It also allows users to connect with their friends on different websites that have implemented Google Friend Connect on their website.

Gadgets: Mini-applications designed to display information or provide a function in a succinct manner. Available in Universal or Desktop format.

Gmail (Also known as Google Mail): Free Webmail IMAP and POP e-mail service provided by Google, known for its abundant storage and advanced interface. It was first released in an invitation-only form on April 1, 2004. Mobile access and Google Talk integration is also featured.

iGoogle (Previously Google Personalized Homepage): Customizable homepage, which can contain Web feeds and Google Gadgets, launched in May 2005. It was renamed to iGoogle on April 30, 2007 (previously used internally by Google).

Jaiku: Jaiku is a social networking, micro-blogging and lifestreaming service comparable to Twitter.

Knol: Knol is a service that enables subject experts and other users to write authoritative articles related to various topics.

Boutiques: Boutiques is a personalized shopping experience that lets users find and discover fashion goods.

Marratech e-Meeting: Web conferencing software, used internally by Google's employees. Google acquired the software from creator Marratech on April 19, 2007. Google has not yet stated what it will do with the product.

Notebook (Unsupported by Google, replaced with Docs): Web clipping application for saving online research. The tool permits users to clip text, images, and links from pages while browsing, save them online, access them from any computer, and share them with others. Google recently stopped development on Notebook and no longer accepts sign-ups. While old users can still access their notebooks, newcomers are offered to try other services such as Google Docs and Google Bookmarks.

Orkut: Social networking service, where users can list their personal and professional information, create relationships amongst friends and join communities of mutual interest. In November 2006, Google opened Orkut registration to everyone, instead of being invitation only.

Panoramio: Photos of the world.

Picasa Web Albums: Online photo sharing, with integration with the main Picasa program.

Picnik: Online photo editing service.

Profiles: It is simply how you present yourself on Google products to other Google users. It allows you to control how you appear on Google and tell others a bit more about who you are.

Questions and Answers (Chinese / Russian / Thai / Arabic Only): Community-driven knowledge market website. Launched on June 26, 2007 that allows users to ask and answer questions posed by other users.

Reader: Web-based news aggregator, capable of reading Atom and RSS feeds. It allows the user to search, import and subscribe to feeds. The service also embeds audio enclosures in the page. Major revisions to Google Reader were made in October 2006.

Google Sidewiki: Google Sidewiki is a browser sidebar that enables you to contribute and read helpful information alongside any web page. The service went online on Sep 23, 2009‎.

Sites (Previously Jotspot): Website creation tool for private or public groups, for both personal and corporate use.

SMS Channels (Google India Only): Launched September 2008, allows users to create and subscribe to channels over SMS. Channels can be based on RSS feeds.

Voice (United States Only): Known as "GrandCentral" before 2009-03-11, this is a free voice communications product that includes a POTS telephone number. It includes a follow-me service that allows the user to forward their Google voice phone number to simultaneously ring up to 6 other phone numbers. It also features a unified voice mail service, SMS and free outgoing calls via Google's "click2call" and 3rd party dialers.

Wave (Unsupported by Google.): Google Wave is a product that helps users communicate and collaborate on the web. A "wave" is equal parts conversation and document, where users can almost instantly communicate and work together with richly formatted text, photos, videos, maps, and more.

YouTube: Free video sharing Web site which lets users upload, view, and share video clips. In October 2006, Google, Inc., announced that it had reached a deal to acquire the company for $1.65 billion USD in Google's stock. The deal closed on 13 November 2006.

Development

Android: Open Source mobile phone platform developed by the Open Handset Alliance

App Engine: A tool that allows developers to write and run web applications.

Code: Google's site for developers interested in Google-related development. The site contains Open Source code and lists of their API services. Also provides project hosting for any free and open source software.

Mashup Editor: Web Mashup creation with publishing facilities, as well as syntax highlighting and debugging (Deprecated, since January 14, 2009).

OpenSocial: A set of common APIs for building social applications on many websites.

Subscribed Links: Allows developers to create custom search results that Google users can add to their search pages.

Webmaster Tools (Previously Google Sitemaps): Sitemap submission and analysis for the Sitemaps protocol. Renamed from Google Sitemaps to cover broader features, including query statistics and robots.txt analysis.

Web Toolkit: An open source Java software development framework that allows web developers to create Ajax applications in Java.

Google Chrome OS: An Operating System utilizing the Linux kernel and a custom Window manager.

Google Go: A compiled, concurrent programming language developed by Google.

Google Closure Tools: Javascript tools used by Google products such as GMail, Google Docs and Google Maps

Mapping

City Tours: An overlay to Maps that shows interesting tours within a city

Maps: Mapping service that indexes streets and displays satellite and street-level imagery, providing driving directions and local business search.

Map Maker: Edit the map in more than a hundred countries and watch your edits go into Google Maps. Become a citizen cartographer and help map your world.

Building Maker: Web Based building and editing tool to create 3D buildings for Google Earth.

Mars: Imagery of Mars using the Google Maps interface. Elevation, visible imagery and infrared imagery can be shown. It was released on March 13, 2006, the anniversary of the birth of astronomer Percival Lowell.

Moon: NASA imagery of the moon through the Google Maps interface. It was launched on July 20, 2005, in honor of the first manned Moon landing on July 20, 1969.

Ride Finder: Taxi, limousine and shuttle search service, using real time position of vehicles in 14 US cities. Ride Finder uses the Google Maps interface and cooperates with any car service that wishes to participate (discontinued as of October 2009).

Sky Map: An Internet tool for viewing the stars and galaxies, you can now access this tool through a browser version of "Google Sky".

Transit: Public transport trip planning through the Google Maps interface. Google Transit was released on December 7, 2005, and is now fully integrated with Google Maps.

(For Google Earth, see "Standalone applications")

Search

Aardvark: Social search utility which allows people to ask and answer questions within their social networks. It uses people's claimed expertise to match askers with good answerers.

Accessible Search: Search engine for the blind and visually impaired. It prioritises usable and accessible web sites in the search results, so the user incurs minimal distractions when browsing.

Alerts: E-mail notification service, which sends alerts based on chosen search terms, whenever there are new results. Alerts include web results, Groups results news, and video.

Base: Google submission database, that enables content owners to submit content, have it hosted and make it searchable. Information within the database is organized using attributes.

Blog search: Weblog search engine, with a continuously-updated search index. Results include all blogs, not just those published through Blogger. Results can be viewed and filtered by date.

Book Search (Previously Google Print): Search engine for the full text of printed books. Google scans and stores in its digital database. The content that is displayed depends on the arrangement with the publishers, ranging from short extracts to entire books.

Checkout: Online payment processing service provided by Google aimed at simplifying the process of paying for online purchases. Webmasters can choose to implement Google Checkout as a form of payment.

Code Search: Search engine for programming code found on the Internet.

Dictionary: Once part of Google Translate, it is now a standalone service that allows searching of words and phrases from over 22 languages.

Directory: Collection of links arranged into hierarchical subcategories. The links and their categorization are from the Open Directory Project, but are sorted using PageRank.

Directory (Google China): Navigation directory, specifically for Chinese users.

Experimental Search: Options for testing new interfaces whilst searching with Google, including Timeline views and keyboard shortcuts.

Fast Flip: Online news aggregator that mimics the experience of flicking through a newspaper or magazine, allowing visual search of stories in manner similar to microfiche.

Finance: Searchable US business news, opinion, and financial data. Features include company-specific pages, blog search, interactive charts, executives information, discussion groups and a portfolio.

Groups: Web and e-mail discussion service and Usenet archive. Users can join a group, make a group, publish posts, track their favorite topics, write a set of group web pages updatable by members and share group files. In January, 2007, version 3 of Google Groups was released. New features include the ability to create customised pages and share files.

Google Hotpot: is a search that allows people to rate restaurants, hotels etc. and share them with friends.

Image Labeler: Game that induces participants to submit valid descriptions (labels) of images in the web, in order to later improve Image Search.

Image Search: Image search engine, with results based on the filename of the image, the link text pointing to the image and text adjacent to the image. When searching, a thumbnail of each matching image is displayed.

Language Tools: Collection of linguistic applications, including one that allows users to translate text or web pages from one language to another, and another that allows searching in web pages located in a specific country or written in a specific language.

Life Search (Google China): Search engine tailored towards everyday needs, such as train times, recipes and housing.

Movies: A specialised search engine that obtains Film showing times near a user-entered location as well as providing reviews of films compiled from several different websites.

Music (Google China): A site containing links to a large archive of Chinese pop music (principally Cantopop and Mandopop), including audio streaming over Google's own player, legal lyric downloads, and in most cases legal MP3 downloads. The archive is provided by Top100.cn (i.e. this service does not search the whole Internet) and is only available in mainland China. It is intended to rival the similar, but potentially illegal service provided by Baidu.

News: Automated news compilation service and search engine for news. There are versions of the aggregator for more than 20 languages. While the selection of news stories is fully automated, the sites included are selected by human editors.

News Archive Search: Feature within Google News, that allows users to browse articles from over 200 years ago.

Patent Search: Search engine to search through millions of patents, each result with its own page, including drawings, claims and citations.

Product Search (Previously Froogle): Price engine that searches online stores, including auctions, for products.

Scholar: Search engine for the full text of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and scholarly fields. Today, the index includes virtually all peer-reviewed journals available online.

Sets: List of items generated when the user enters a few examples. For example, entering "Green, Purple, Red" produces the list "Green, Purple, Red, Blue, Black, White, Yellow, Orange, Brown."

SMS: Mobile phone short message service offered by Google in several countries, including the USA, Japan, Canada, India and China and formerly the UK, Germany and Spain. It allows search queries to be sent as a text message. The results are sent as a reply, with no premium charge for the service.

Squared: Creates tables of information about a subject from unstructured data

Suggest: Auto-completion in search results while typing to give popular searches.

University Search: Listings for search engines for university websites.

U.S. Government Search: Search engine and Personalized Homepage that exclusively draws from sites with a .gov TLD.

Video: Video search engine and online store for clips internally submitted by companies and the general public. Google's main video partnerships include agreements with CBS, NHL and the NBA. Also searches videos posted on YouTube, Metacafe, Daily Motion, and other popular video hosting sites.

Voice Local Search: Non-premium phone service for searching and contacting local businesses

Web History (Previously Google Search History / Personalized Search): Web page tracking, which records Google searches, Web pages, images, videos, music and more. It also includes Bookmarks, search trends and item recommendations. Google released Search History in April 2005, when it began to record browsing history, later expanding and renaming the service to Web History in April 2007.

Web Search: Web search engine, which is Google's core product. It was the company's first creation, coming out of beta on September 21, 1999, and remains their most popular and famous service. It receives 1 billion requests a day and is the most used search engine on the Internet.

Statistics

Analytics: Traffic statistics generator for defined websites, with strong AdWords integration. Webmasters can optimize their ad campaigns, based on the statistics that are given. Analytics is based on the Urchin software and the new version released in May 2007 integrates improvements based on Measure Map.

Gapminder: Data trend viewing platform to make nations' statistics accessible on the internet in an animated, interactive graph form.

Insights: Google Insights for Search is a service by Google similar to Google Trends, providing insights into the search terms people have been entering into the Google search engine.

Trends: Graph plotting application for Web Search statistics, showing the popularity of particular search terms over time. Multiple terms can be shown at once. Results can also be displayed by city, region or language. Related news stories are also shown. Has "Google Trends for Websites" sub-section which shows popularity of websites over time.

Zeitgeist: Collection of lists of the most frequent search queries. There used to be weekly, monthly and yearly lists, as well as topic and country specific lists. Closed 22 May 2007 and replaced by "Hot Trends, a dynamic feature in Google Trends". An annual Zeitgeist summary for the US and other countries is still produced.

Fusion Tables: Tool for gathering and visualizing arbitrary data.

Other

Health: Puts you in charge of your health information. It claims to be safe, secure, and free. Organize your health information all in one place.

Labs: A website demonstrating and testing new Google projects.

Hardware products

Google Search Appliance: Hardware device that can be hooked to corporate intranets for indexing/searching of company files.

Google Mini: Reduced capacity and less expensive version of the Google Search Appliance.

Nexus One: Smartphone that runs the Android open source mobile operating system.

Nexus S: Smartphone that runs the Android open source mobile operating system. The version of Android is 2.3 "Gingerbread".

Services

Google Public DNS: A publicly accessible DNS server run by Google.

Previous products

Applications that have been discontinued by Google, either because of integration with other Google products, or through lack of support.

Answers: Question and answer service, allowing users to pay researchers to answer questions. Google announced the closing of service on November 28, 2006. All past discussions have been publicly archived.

Browser Sync: Saved browser settings for backup and use on other installations of Mozilla Firefox.

Co-op: Search can be defined to specified web sites or areas of a site. Free to set up Google Co-op renamed Google Custom Search.

Deskbar: Bar on your desktop with a minibrowser built into it. It was discontinued when a very similar feature was added to Google desktop. Some people preferred Google deskbar for its ability to add custom searching and the mini-browser so you wouldn't have to open an actual window. The last release, version 5.95, had a .NET plugin.

Free Search: Free code to embed either web search or site search into another website. Discontinued in favour of Google Co-op Custom Search Engine.

Hello: Allowed users to send images across the Internet and publish them to blogs.

Joga Bonito: Soccer community site, similar to services such as MySpace, in that each member had a profile, and could join groups based on shared interests. The service allowed a user to meet other fans, create games and clubs, access athletes from Nike, and watch and upload video clips and photos.

Lively (Windows XP/Vista): 3D animated chat program launched on July 9, 2008 and closed December 31, 2008.^[11]

Local: Local listings service, before it was integrated with mapping. The merged service was then called Google Local, which was further renamed to Google Maps due to popular demand. Google Local still exist, but only for Google Mobile Search.

Google MK-14: A 4U rack mounted server for Google Radio Automation system. Google Inc. has sold its Google Radio Automation business to WideOrbit Inc.

Music Trends: Music ranking of the songs played with iTunes, Winamp, Windows Media Player and Yahoo Music. Trends were generated by Google Talk's "share your music status" feature.

Page Creator: Webpage-publishing program, which can be used to create pages and to host them on Google's servers. However, to focus on another Google Webpage-publishing service called Google Sites, new sign-ups are no longer accepted since 2008. And all existing content on Page Creator has been transferred to Google Sites in 2009.

Personalized Search: Search results personalization, now fully merged with Google Accounts and Web History.

Public Service Search: Non-commercial organization service, which included free SiteSearch, traffic reports and unlimited search queries. Discontinued in February 2007 and re-directed to Google Co-op.

Rebang (Google China): Google China's search trend site, similar to Google Zeitgeist. Currently part of Google Labs.

Related Links: Script that places units for related Web content, including pages, searches and videos, on the owner's Website, through embedded code. Discontinued in July 2007.

SearchMash: Search engine that means to "test innovative user interfaces." Among its features are the ability to display image results on the same page as web results, feedback about features, and continuous scrolling results. Aside from its privacy policy and terms of service, there is no Google branding on the site. Discontinued November 2008.

Shared Stuff: Web page sharing system, incorporating a Share bookmarklet to share pages, as well as a page for viewing the most popular shared items. Pages can also be shared through third party applications, such as del.icio.us or Facebook. It was discontinued on March 30, 2009.

Spreadsheets: Spreadsheet management application, before it was integrated with Writely to form Google Docs & Spreadsheets. It was announced on 6 June 2006.

Video Player (Mac OS X/Windows 2000/XP): Standalone desktop application that allowed you to view videos from Google Video.

Voice Search: Automated voice system for searching the Web using the telephone. Now called Google Voice Local Search, it is currently integrated on the Google Mobile web site.

Web Accelerator (Windows 2000 SP3+/XP/Vista): Uses various caching technologies to increase load speed of web pages. (Accelerator is no longer available for download.)

Writely: Web-based word processor created by software company Upstartle, who were acquired by Google on March 9, 2006. On October 10, 2006, Writely was merged into Google Docs & Spreadsheets.

Google X: Re-designed Google search homepage, using a Mac OS style interface. It appeared in Google Labs, but was removed the following day for undisclosed reasons.

Dodgeball: Social networking site built specifically for use on mobile phones. Users text their location to the service, which then notifies them of crushes, friends, friends' friends and interesting venues nearby. (Discontinued January 2009). Google Latitude now provides most of Dodgeball's functionality integrated into the Google Maps service.

Catalogs: Search engine for over 6,600 print catalogs, which are acquired through Optical character recognition. (Discontinued January 2009)

Google Notebook: View and add notes to your Google Notebook. (Discontinued January 2009)

GOOG-411: Google's directory assistance service, which can be used free of charge from any telephone in the US and Canada. This service has been discontinued as of November 12, 2010.

DNS hijacking

2011-01-01T20:43:00.006+05:30

DNS hijacking or DNS redirection is the practice of redirecting the resolution of Domain Name System (DNS) names to other DNS servers. This is done for malicious purposes such as phishing; for self-serving purposes by Internet service providers (ISPs) to direct users' HTTP traffic via the ISP's own webservers where advertisements are served, statistics can be collected, or other purposes of the ISP; and by DNS service providers to block access to sites which the user wishes to block because they are malicious or of an unwanted.

DNS hijacking is used by hackers with malicious intent who redirect or "hijack" the DNS addresses to bogus DNS servers for the purpose of injecting malware into your PC, promoting phishing scams, advertising on high traffic websites, and any other related form of criminal activity.

Types Of DNS Look Up

2011-01-01T19:14:00.001+05:30

   The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical naming system for computers, services, or any resource connected to the Internet or a private network.
There are 2 types of DNS lookup they are:
Forward DNS Lookup:
   Forward DNS Lookup tries to resolve a hostname to an IP address.eg.gethostbyname().
Reverse DNS Lookup:
   Reverse DNS Lookup tries to resolve a IP address to an hostname.eg.gethostbyaddr()

Tamil Cinema 2010 | Top 10 high budget films in 2010

2010-12-31T15:44:00.002+05:30

Rank	Movie	Net gross (Rs)	Studio
1	Enthiran	125 Crores	Sun Pictures
2	Singam	42 Crores	Studio Green
3	Paiyaa	25 Crores	Thirupathi Brothers
4	Boss Engira Bhaskaran	20 Crores	The Show People
5	Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa	18 Crores	Escape Artists Motion Pictures and R. S. Infotainment
6	Madrasapattinam	17 crores	AGS Entertainment
7	Mynaa	15 Crores	Shalom Studios
8	Thamizh Padam	10 Crores	Y NOT Studios
9	Angaadi Theru	8 Crores	Ayngaran International
10	Kalavani	5 Crores	Sherali Films

PHP5 | Magic Functions | Advantages Of PHP5

2010-12-29T11:54:00.000+05:30

With PHP 5 Object Oriented Programming seems to becoming a reality in PHP but we all know that in PHP a variable can take any form depending on the data passed to it. Also PHP automatically creates variable and assigns values to it even is the variables are not defined. But in Object Oriented Programming all the data members/methods needs to be defined. To solve some of these problems in OOPS environment magic methods have been introduced in PHP5.

NOTE ON MAGIC METHODS:

Magic methods are the members functions that is available to all the instance of class
Magic methods always starts with “__”. Eg. __construct
All magic methods needs to be declared as public
To use magic method they should be defined within the class or program scope

Various Magic Methods used in PHP 5 are:

__construct()
__destruct()
__set()
__get()
__call()
__toString()
__sleep()
__wakeup()
__isset()
__unset()
__autoload()
__clone()

__construct()
This methods gets called whenever an object of a class is instantiated. This method is a part of Object Oriented Programming concept in PHP 5.

__destruct()
This methods gets called whenever an object of a class is destroyed or object goes out of scope. This method is a part of Object Oriented Programming concept in PHP 5.

__set()
This methods get automatically called whenever you assigns data to a undefined attributes of an class in PHP 5.

__get()
This methods get automatically called when you try to retrieves the data of undefined attributes of an class in PHP 5.

__call()
This methods get automatically called you call and undefined methods of an class in PHP 5.

__toString()
This method is called whenever an class object is treated as string and is echo or print(). This methods is very useful if you want to check the object methods and attributes.

__sleep()
This methods gets called when you serialize the object in PHP 5. With this method call we can define the way how the data object will be stored.

__wakeup()
This methods gets called when the object is about to be unserialized in PHP 5. With this method call we can do necessary initial operation before starting operation on the received data object.

__isset()
This methods get automatically called whenever you try to check the existence of the undeclared attributes of the class using isset function of PHP.

__unset()
This methods get automatically called whenever you try to check the destroy or clear an undeclared attributes of the class using unset function of PHP.

__autoload()
This methods get automatically called whenever you try to load an object of class which resides in separate file and you have not included those files using include,require and include_once. To use this method it is mandatory to the PHP filename as that of the class name because this methods accepts the class name as the argument.

__clone()
PHP5 has introduced clone method which creates an duplicate copy of the object. __clone methods automatically get called whenever you try to call clone methods in PHP 5. This operator does not creates a reference copy.

POP operation

2010-08-22T22:03:00.000+05:30

POP:

The process of deleting an existing item from the top of the stack is called as POP operation. On each attempt to delete the data, the value of the data at the top of the stack is retrieved and the value of the stack pointer will be decremented by one.

ALGORITHM:

      step1: check the for the stack underflow
           if TOP<0
                 {
                     Then print "Stack is empty and exit"
                  }
            else
                 {
                      Remove the data from the top of the stack
                  }

     step2:[delete an item from the top position of the stack]

            set STACK[TOP] = TOP;

    step3:[Decrement the pointer]

           set TOP = TOP-1;

PROGRAM:

      void pop()
          {
                  int item;
                    if(TOP == -1)
                        {
                          printf("The stack is empty");
                         getch();
                        exit(0);
                      }
                 else
                    {
                     item=STACK[TOP];
                     TOP=TOP-1;
                    }
            return(item);
          }