Guan's Technical Blog

[APPLE MAC OS]Got a kernel panic when just move mouse

2024-05-22T11:06:00.010+09:00

Got kernel panic when just move mouse.

Checking with Apple, it seems that after update RTKit, which is a security method to prevent memory leak by local user, it was reported.

panic(cpu 1 caller 0xfffffe00299321dc): DCPEXT0 PANIC - IOMFB int_handler_gated: failure: axi_rd_err [0x40310634]

- iomfb_driver(10)

IOMFB int_handler_gated: failure: axi_rd_err [0x40310634]

RTKit: RTKit-2419.101.1.release - Client: local-t600xdcp.RELEASE

!UUID: 44138b3c-b052-3669-bf7c-ac4a003b01b1

Time: 0x0000086d24b1a180

Faulting task 10 Call Stack: 0x000000000001e4a8 0x000000000001de98 0x000000000001dc9c 0x0000000000020dd4 0x0000000000209ac0 0x0000000000136a7c 0x000000000001e918 0x00000000000129d8 000000000000000000

RTKit Task List:

0 rtk_background | 007 | 848/2048 | SEMWAIT | 0x962780 |

0x0000000000011ec0 0x0000000000012e5c 0x000000000001e8ac 0x00000000000129d8

1 rtk_ep_work | 057 | 920/2048 | SEMWAIT | 0x95ee00 |

0x0000000000011ec0 0x0000000000012e5c 0x000000000001e8ac 0x00000000000129d8

2 log_tx | 007 | 624/2048 | SEMWAIT | 0x94b940 |

0x0000000000011ec0 0x0000000000012e5c 0x000000000001e8ac 0x00000000000129d8

0x0000000000011ec0 0x0000000000012e5c 0x00000000000245c4 0x00000000000129d8

4 tracekit_work | 007 | 608/4096 | SEMWAIT | 0x948810 |

0x0000000000011f08 0x0000000000012e5c 0x000000000001e8ac 0x00000000000129d8

...

Hope nothing wrong with my program..

[yt-dlp]Investigation for logger output to log file

2024-05-19T01:17:00.002+09:00

As Youtube-DL was not extended any more, I turned to yt-dlp also.

But it has an insufficient feature to output debug log to stdout. In my program, I need it to output debug log to log file instead of output to stdout.

After take some time to investigate the source, I found that I need to change one method in below file.

yt-dlp/yt_dlp/utils/_utils.py

Method: write_string

Its source below:

def write_string(s, out=None, encoding=None):
    assert isinstance(s, str)
    out = out or sys.stderr
    if not out:
        return

    if compat_os_name == 'nt' and supports_terminal_sequences(out):
        s = re.sub(r'([\r\n]+)', r' \1', s)

    enc, buffer = None, out
    if 'b' in (getattr(out, 'mode', None) or ''):
        enc = encoding or preferredencoding()
    elif hasattr(out, 'buffer'):
        buffer = out.buffer
        enc = encoding or getattr(out, 'encoding', None) or preferredencoding()

    buffer.write(s.encode(enc, 'ignore') if enc else s)
    out.flush()

As per the source, we can add out put log file parameter to it.

[AWS EC2]Docker install

2024-05-17T19:57:00.010+09:00

AWS EC2にDockerを利用して、Wordpressを使い始めたいと思いますので、AWS EC2にDockerインストールをメモしておきます。

1. EC2インスタンスにログインして、最新のyumリストを取得します。

$ sudo yum update -y

2. Docker packageインストールします。

$ sudo yum install -y docker

3. Dockerサービスを起動します。

$ sudo service docker start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start docker.service

4. Dockerグループにec2-userを追加します。

$ sudo usermod -a -G docker ec2-user

5. 一旦ログアウトして、再度ログインすることで、設定を有効化します。docker infoでdockerの起動を確認します。

exit

$ docker info
Client:
 Version:    25.0.3
 Context:    default
 Debug Mode: false
 Plugins:
  buildx: Docker Buildx (Docker Inc.)
    Version:  v0.0.0+unknown
    Path:     /usr/libexec/docker/cli-plugins/docker-buildx

Server:
...

Although we did not face below issue, if you have the problem, please follow AWS guidance to restart the instance.

Cannot connect to the Docker daemon. Is the docker daemon running on this host?

The blog is follow on AWS guidance. Amazon ECS で使用するコンテナイメージの作成

Youtube-dl Error

2024-05-15T08:54:00.006+09:00

```

pi@raspberrypi:~/YoutubeDownLoad $ ./downloadYoutube_list.py

Downloading https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y3mj8UZpvxQ

MP4 start..

[youtube] Y3mj8UZpvxQ: Downloading webpage

ERROR: Unable to extract uploader id; please report this issue on https://yt-dl.org/bug . Make sure you are using the latest version; see https://yt-dl.org/update on how to update. Be sure to call youtube-dl with the --verbose flag and include its complete output.

Unknown issue

Unexpected {err=}, {type(err)=}

1 : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y3mj8UZpvxQ

Downloading https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrpfYD4DUGs

MP4 start..

[youtube] lrpfYD4DUGs: Downloading webpage

Unknown issue

Unexpected {err=}, {type(err)=}

2 : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrpfYD4DUGs

pi@raspberrypi:~/YoutubeDownLoad $ sudo pip install yt-dlp

sudo: pip: command not found

pi@raspberrypi:~/YoutubeDownLoad $ sudo pip3 install yt-dlp

Looking in indexes: https://pypi.org/simple, https://www.piwheels.org/simple

Collecting yt-dlp

Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/31/5a/d9b0a47a3aacf650b8ffc750bb5d296c24b2cc674f4c2a975895f49d4f0a/yt_dlp-2023.11.16-py2.py3-none-any.whl (3.1MB)

100% |████████████████████████████████| 3.1MB 87kB/s

Collecting brotli; implementation_name == "cpython" (from yt-dlp)

Downloading https://www.piwheels.org/simple/brotli/Brotli-1.1.0-cp37-cp37m-linux_armv7l.whl (2.1MB)

100% |████████████████████████████████| 2.1MB 126kB/s

Collecting websockets (from yt-dlp)

Downloading https://www.piwheels.org/simple/websockets/websockets-11.0.3-cp37-cp37m-linux_armv7l.whl (132kB)

100% |████████████████████████████████| 133kB 173kB/s

Collecting pycryptodomex (from yt-dlp)

Downloading https://www.piwheels.org/simple/pycryptodomex/pycryptodomex-3.20.0-cp35-abi3-linux_armv7l.whl (2.0MB)

100% |████████████████████████████████| 2.0MB 130kB/s

Requirement already satisfied: certifi in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from yt-dlp) (2022.12.7)

Collecting mutagen (from yt-dlp)

Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/b0/7a/620f945b96be1f6ee357d211d5bf74ab1b7fe72a9f1525aafbfe3aee6875/mutagen-1.47.0-py3-none-any.whl (194kB)

100% |████████████████████████████████| 194kB 1.0MB/s

Collecting urllib3<3,>=1.26.17 (from yt-dlp)

Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d2/b2/b157855192a68541a91ba7b2bbcb91f1b4faa51f8bae38d8005c034be524/urllib3-2.0.7-py3-none-any.whl (124kB)

100% |████████████████████████████████| 133kB 1.4MB/s

Collecting requests<3,>=2.31.0 (from yt-dlp)

Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/70/8e/0e2d847013cb52cd35b38c009bb167a1a26b2ce6cd6965bf26b47bc0bf44/requests-2.31.0-py3-none-any.whl

Requirement already satisfied: idna<4,>=2.5 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from requests<3,>=2.31.0->yt-dlp) (3.4)

Requirement already satisfied: charset-normalizer<4,>=2 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from requests<3,>=2.31.0->yt-dlp) (3.1.0)

selenium 4.8.2 has requirement urllib3[socks]~=1.26, but you'll have urllib3 2.0.7 which is incompatible.

google-api-core 2.11.1 has requirement google-auth<3.0.dev0,>=2.14.1, but you'll have google-auth 1.23.0 which is incompatible.

Installing collected packages: brotli, websockets, pycryptodomex, mutagen, urllib3, requests, yt-dlp

Found existing installation: urllib3 1.26.14

Uninstalling urllib3-1.26.14:

Successfully uninstalled urllib3-1.26.14

Found existing installation: requests 2.28.2

Uninstalling requests-2.28.2:

Successfully uninstalled requests-2.28.2

Successfully installed brotli-1.1.0 mutagen-1.47.0 pycryptodomex-3.20.0 requests-2.31.0 urllib3-2.0.7 websockets-11.0.3 yt-dlp-2023.11.16

```

[VS CODE]HTMLをリアルタイムでプレビューする方法

2024-05-13T16:10:00.006+09:00

Web制作の過程でリアルタイムプレビューを使いたい場合、Visual Studio Code（VS Code）の利用をおすすめです。

Visual Studio Code（VS Code）はマイクロソフトが提供している無料のコードエディタです。昔はAdobeのDreamWeaverを利用し、非常に高機能で使いやすかったが、MACのOSアップデートで、一括支払いバージョンからSaaSになって、高額で諦めました。

「コードエディタを使ってリアルタイムプレビューの環境を作る」と聞くと難しそうな印象を受けるかもしれませんが、実際は非常に簡単で3分ほどで完了します。

「VS CodeのUI上でプレビューする方法」があります。まずはVS Codeが必要なので、下記のページからダウンロードしてPCにインストールしましょう。

https://code.visualstudio.com/download

VS CodeのUI上でプレビューできる拡張機能もあります。ExtensionsからHTML Previewと検索し、下記が表示されたらインストールしてください。

ファイルに戻り、command + Shift + P（Windows：Ctrl + Shift + P）を押すと上に表示される検索窓から、HTML: Open Preview the the Sideを選択します。そうすると、右にプレビュー画面が出てきて、所見既所得....

DreamWeaverのような高機能ではありませんが、基本的なHTML、CSS、Javascriptについて、問題がありません。ただし、Pluginの開発は2018からすでに停滞しているので、いつかに使えなくなるのが心配です。

まだ、問題となりのがリンクです。プレビュー画面からリンクを経由でNext Pageの確認が不可です。全てAzureに誘導され、Azureの共有リンクから探しているようです。設定不備かエンジンのバグだと思います。

[youtube-dl]Blocked?

2024-05-10T19:36:00.003+09:00

Just want to confirm if there is any newer version for YouTube-dl, unfortunately, it was blocked by de court...

It was shown that [Access denied] to yt-dl.org due to a ruling of the Hamburg Regional Court.

Access to this website is blocked.

So, we still have another way.

https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl

But it seems that it stopped development since 2021.

ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーSuper beautiful seperate lineーーーーーーーーーーーー

After asked Google, I found the below repository.

yt_dlp

We can make some change on script to work on yt_dlp rather than Youtube_DL.

[Panasonic]CF-SZ6 Fixed a SZ6 LCD Screen

2024-05-06T21:20:00.001+09:00

Fixed a Panasonic CF-SZ6 LCD Screen, but found that although it passed the selftest, but failed on startup beep.

Why?

Changed the module board, but it can not work fine yet.

Maybe motherboard connecter broken.

[LINUX]Install CentOS on VMWare can not enable network connection

2024-04-25T23:31:00.008+09:00

Tested install CentOS7 on an old VMWare with ESXi 5.5.

After change VM resource memory more than 2 GB, installed CentOS7 successfully.

But anyway, I can not get the network work.

I checked any possible reason, including but not limited to VM resource, VM network, Device on CentOS, etc., everything is working fine. But CentOS will have no network.

BTW, configure on CentOS also setup properly like below: (let's suppose that you have the interface as enp0s3 with the static ip 192.168.1.11/24)

nmcli d ## to check which interface you are using.

nmcli c modify enp0s3 ipv4.address 192.168.1.11/24 ## setup ip

nmcli c modify enp0s3 ipv4.gateway 192.168.1.1 ## setup default gateway

nmcli c modify enp0s3 ipv4.method manual ## static ip

It will change [BOOTPROTO=dhcp→none]

sudo systemctl restart networkmanager

Does it seem fine?

No, there is a very important thing.

You have to enable the network interface first via below:

nmcli c m enp0s3 connection.autoconnect yes

It will change [ONBOOT=no→yes], or the interface will not work as you expected.

You may also need below step to confirm the network to see if it can working fine.

Show network configuration.

nmcli d show enp0s3

Edit host file to obtain your host name with your ip.

192.168.1.1 your_router_name #router
192.168.1.11 your_hostname　#

Confirm [/etc/resov.conf], it should show something as below:

nameserver 192.168.1.1

Then ping local and remote URL to see if the DNS can resolve the domain name and get ICMP traffic from them.

[MacOS]Add auto log function to terminal.app

2024-04-25T22:21:00.006+09:00

Boring with Mac terminal color of white and black?

Ok, you can change the theme.

I like the homebrew theme, but it has too bright color for text.

OK, that is not my point.

For some reason, I need to add a function for terminal.app on Mac to record the command and screen output as what I can see.

You can go to the menu, [Terminal] -> [Configuration] -> Click the theme you are using [Shell]. Then you will see a startup shell command input.

now=`date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S`;logpath=~/scriptlogs/script_${now}.txt;script ${logpath}

Just copy and paste above. It will add auto execute script when terminal.app start up and execute it with script command of unix.

You also can change the following path to where you want to keep your log. "~/scriptlogs/"

Then check the execute in shell. You need shutdown terminal.app and start it again.

Now you have an auto log for Mac terminal.app.

But most people will ignore one thing...

If you try to execute the command [cat the log] in the terminal.app, you will get into a loop...and a fast increased size log file till your system crash.

Because the screen out put will be written to log imediately and it was also shown as standard output then it will be recorded to log again and again.

[CentOS]When trying to install CentOS stream on VMware, it got [kernal error] error

2024-04-24T19:00:00.005+09:00

Just want to try new CentOS stream, so reopen the VMware machine.

It is running on a very old ESXi 5.5 via a vSphere center 5.5 from about 10 years ago.

After mounted the OS, it showed below [Kernal panic] error.

Considered it is a very old system, then I tested CentOS7. Same error occurred.

So it should be a something else.

Noticed that I created the VM machine based on ESXi default configuration. It was set the memory as 384MB as a template for CentOS 4/5/6 or any Linux version. That is it.

CentOS 7 run in a necessary requirement at least 1GB memory. Sorry, no any official document link, just got advices from many sites...

In fact, I set it as 512MB, it is also running.

[LinkedIn]How to enable #OpenToWork Tag in LinkedIn

2024-04-18T21:59:00.004+09:00

This is nothing related to technic, just for the feature of LinkedIn.

It is really hard to find it....

To enable the #OpenToWork feature:

Click the Me icon at the top of your LinkedIn homepage.
Click View profile.
Click the Open to button.
Click Finding a new job.
Provide the requested information in the pop-up window that appears. ...
Click Add to profile.

[YAMAHA Router]The difference between YAMAHA Router RTX1210 and RTX1220

2024-04-16T17:33:00.000+09:00

Have a request to compare YAMAHA Router RTX1210 and RTX1220.

For some meaning, it is a best replacement of CISCO Router which always need high price maintenance contract.

According to YAMAHA site, only below changed.

Not so much improvement.

But in auction with price, they have about 40,000 difference...

So if I should refresh the hardware, it is a problem...

項目		RTX1220	RTX1210
希望小売価格（税抜）		118,000円	125,000円
認証番号		D20-0252001/M20-0021	CD14-0216001/M14-0011
JANコード		49 57812 67103 3	49 57812 57644 4
ISDN S/Tポート		非搭載	1ポート（終端抵抗ON/OFF可能）
対応回線およびサービス網	ISDN（BRI）	非対応	対応
対応回線およびサービス網	高速デジタル専用線（64kbit/s, 128kbit/s）	非対応	対応
WANプロトコル	PPP	非対応	対応
WANプロトコル	MP	非対応	対応
QoS機能（制御方式）	CBQ	非対応	対応
QoS機能（制御方式）	WFQ	非対応	対応
認証機能	ISDN識別着信	非対応	対応
バックアップ機能	ISDNへのバックアップ	非対応	対応
設定手段	ISDN回線経由のリモートセットアップ	非対応	対応
その他機能	BOD（MP, BACP）	非対応	対応
	リモートアクセスサーバー	非対応	対応
	コールバック(無課金独自方式, Windows標準方式)	非対応	対応
状態表示ランプ	ISDN［L1/B1, B2］	非搭載	搭載
付属品	CD-ROM（1枚:［PDF］取扱説明書, コマンドリファレンス, 設定例集, ［ソフトウェア］RT-FileGuard, MD5SUM）	なし	あり
付属品	最大1年間無償のYNOライセンス	あり	なし
ファームウェア		Rev.15.04系	Rev.14.01系

[Python]Use Python to send form data to page

2024-04-15T01:15:00.008+09:00

Consider to request a form URL to get the site accept the data.

import requests # Define the form data form_data = { 'name': 'G X', 'email': 'gx@gx.com' } # Send a POST request with the form data response = requests.post('http://gx.com/submit', data=form_data) # Check if the request was successful (status code 200) if response.status_code == 200: print('Form submitted successfully') else: print('Failed to submit the form')

But actually, it won't work for the site I had expected.

Because the site will use a one-time serial session id to identify the request. need to update.

Yes, you are right. this is a tips for company timecard registration automation.

Cloud Service Comparison Cheat Sheet

2024-04-13T20:38:00.005+09:00

Just got one sheet for comparison 4 cloud services difference.

Hope can help someone, including me.

[Letsencrypt]Import Letsencrypt on AWS EC2 Instance

2024-04-12T21:03:00.002+09:00

I have a site need to be implemented on AWS EC2 with SSL for my daughter.

We already have some sites with test running on it.

So we set up VirtualHost for it.

After it can work on AWS EC2, I imported Certbot for it.

It is a installed package with AWS Linux already and this is a subdomain for gxlcs.com, like temp.gxlcs.com.

We only have few steps need to do.

1. sudo yum install certbot

2. sudo systemctl start certbot-renew.timer

3. sudo certbot certonly

How would you like to authenticate with the ACME CA?

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1: Runs an HTTP server locally which serves the necessary validation files under

the /.well-known/acme-challenge/ request path. Suitable if there is no HTTP

server already running. HTTP challenge only (wildcards not supported).

(standalone)

2: Saves the necessary validation files to a .well-known/acme-challenge/

directory within the nominated webroot path. A seperate HTTP server must be

running and serving files from the webroot path. HTTP challenge only (wildcards

not supported). (webroot)

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Select the appropriate number [1-2] then [enter] (press 'c' to cancel): 2

Enter email address (used for urgent renewal and security notices)

(Enter 'c' to cancel): webmaster@gxlcs.com

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Please read the Terms of Service at

https://letsencrypt.org/documents/LE-SA-v1.4-April-3-2024.pdf. You must agree in

order to register with the ACME server. Do you agree?

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

(Y)es/(N)o: Y

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Would you be willing, once your first certificate is successfully issued, to

share your email address with the Electronic Frontier Foundation, a founding

partner of the Let's Encrypt project and the non-profit organization that

develops Certbot? We'd like to send you email about our work encrypting the web,

EFF news, campaigns, and ways to support digital freedom.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

(Y)es/(N)o: N

Account registered.

Please enter the domain name(s) you would like on your certificate (comma and/or

space separated) (Enter 'c' to cancel): temp.gxlcs.com

Requesting a certificate for temp.gxlcs.com

Input the webroot for temp.gxlcs.com: (Enter 'c' to cancel):

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

does not exist or is not a directory

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Input the webroot for temp.gxlcs.com: (Enter 'c' to cancel): /var/www/html/temp

Successfully received certificate.

Certificate is saved at: /etc/letsencrypt/live/temp.gxlcs.com/fullchain.pem

Key is saved at: /etc/letsencrypt/live/temp.gxlcs.com/privkey.pem

This certificate expires on 2024-07-11.

These files will be updated when the certificate renews.

Certbot has set up a scheduled task to automatically renew this certificate in the background.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:

* Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt: https://letsencrypt.org/donate

* Donating to EFF: https://eff.org/donate-le

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

5. sudo systemctl is-enabled httpd

if the response is [disabled], need to run #6.

6. sudo systemctl start httpd && sudo systemctl enable httpd

7. sudo yum update -y

8. sudo yum install -y mod_ssl

9. After #8, it will create a conf file with name ssl.conf in /etc/httpd/conf.d/

10. sudo nano /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf

11. specify the [SSLCertificateFile] and [SSLCertificateKeyFile] with the path where you keep the key and certificate.

12. sudo systemctl restart httpd.service

13. Because we have VirtualHost, you also may need to change VirtualHost setup with where you put the DocumentRoot and Server Name.

14. As we have permitted the 443 port traffic in AWS Console, I mean inbound rule under security group, so the traffic is not problem.

15. I use CLOUDFLARE to provide security for site (Free version), so we also need to add a CNAME DNS record for this site. You can enter the AWS EC2 Instance tag, then confirm public DNS name which will be used in CLOUDFLARE CNAME DNS record CONTENT.

OK, Now your site will go ahead in the net with SSL.

I will add the screenshot when I have time, sorry for any inconvenience.

Additional: I also have a security test for the site.

you can refer to below URL:

Qualys

[Python]JPG to PNG Python Program

2024-04-11T10:37:00.009+09:00

from PIL import Image import os def convert_jpg_to_png(input_folder, output_folder): # 1. Get list up the input folder files jpg_files = [f for f in os.listdir(input_folder) if f.endswith('.jpg')] # 2. Create the output folder if it did not exist os.makedirs(output_folder, exist_ok=True) # 3. Change the JPG to PNG files for jpg_file in jpg_files: jpg_path = os.path.join(input_folder, jpg_file) # Create the PNG file output path png_path = os.path.join(output_folder, os.path.splitext(jpg_file)[0] + '.png') # Change the image img = Image.open(jpg_path) img.save(png_path, 'PNG') if __name__ == "__main__": input_folder = "path" # Define the input path of JPG output_folder = "path" # Define the output path of PNG convert_jpg_to_png(input_folder, output_folder)

Need to get them work on my site...

[LEGO EV3]Battery Checker

2023-10-18T01:33:00.003+09:00

Created this for our little robot team.

It is simple but it can help you to detect your LegoEV3 battery status quickly after you created a base line for it in competitions.
Yes, I am their coach.

“Although we did not get enough score to enroll the WRO in Panama this year, I think our team will win in next year. “ teammate said.

[Windows]License for windows95_WIndow95のライセンス解析

2023-08-25T10:38:00.003+09:00

It is real that someone is still checking with old OS license key.

They are the heroes of internet.

　「Windows 11」ではデジタルライセンス認証も可能になったが、Windowsを使い始めるには、正規品であることを証明するために数桁のユニークな英数字「プロダクトキー」の入力が求められる。

　ある研究者は興味本位で「Windows 95」のプロダクトキーを解析したところ、ある法則によって生成されていたことが分かった。本質を理解すれば、誰でも簡単にプロダクトキーを生成できてしまうという。その法則とは？

　セキュリティ研究者のstacksmashing氏は、Windows OSのプロダクトキー認証を突破できる裏ワザを発見した。同氏はさまざまなデバイスやアプリ、ゲーム機などをハッキングしてはその模様をYouTubeに投稿している。Windowsのプロダクトキーに関する話も動画で取り上げられた話題の一つだ。

　ただし、この裏ワザが通用するのは「Windows 95」のインストール時のみだ。Windows 95は1995年8月25日に英語版が、同年11月23日に日本語版が発売され、今のWindowsの礎を築いたOSと言っても過言ではない。

　stacksmashing氏が解明したプロダクトキーの生成アルゴリズムについて、詳しく解説しよう。

　Windows 95のプロダクトキーは「XXX-YYYYYYY」というように「-（ハイフン）」で接続された10桁（前半3桁と後半7桁）の数字で構成される。同氏は試行錯誤しながらそのプロダクトキーを入力する中で、ある傾向をつかんだ。

　まず、「111－1111111」と全て「1」にするとインストールは成功する。また、全て「0」の場合でも成功する。そして前半3桁を「000」「001」「567」と変更し、後半7桁が全て「1」の場合も有効なキーと認識される。ただし「333」「444」「555」といった「0」や「1」「2」以外の3連続の数字を入力した場合は失敗するようだ。

　後半7桁は「0000001」だと失敗し、そこから1ずつ数を増やしていったところ「0000007」の場合は成功することが分かった。それを繰り返していくと、後半の数字は「0000000」「0000007」「0000016」「0000025」だと成功することが判明した。同氏は、後半7桁の各数字の合計が「7の倍数」であれば成功するのでは、と推測した。確かに「1111111」も全て合算すれば「7」だ。

　stacksmashing氏はリバースエンジニアリングツール「Ghidra」を使って禁断のプログラム解析を敢行した。すると前半3桁は「333」「444」「555」「666」「777」「888」「999」の数字がブラックリスト入りしているだけで、その他の3桁の数字なら何でもいいことが判明した。そして後半7桁については、同氏の予測通り、全ての桁の数字を合計して7で割り切れれば成功することが分かった。しかも、3桁と7桁の間の文字はチェックされておらず、必ずしも「-（ハイフン）」である必要がない。

　これらの情報をまとめると「前半3桁は3～9の3並び以外なら何でもいい」「前半と後半をつなぐ文字はどれでもいい」「後半7桁は合計したとき『7』で割り切れればいい」と単純なものだったのだ。

　ちなみに、このアルゴリズムはWindows 95リテール版で通用するものであり、OEM版はまた異なる。OEM版の場合、プロダクトキーは「AAABB-OEM-XXXXXXX-YYYYY」という形式（「A」「B」「X」「Y」はそれぞれ整数、「OEM」は固定の文字列）で構成されているが、これも単純なアルゴリズムだ。

　stacksmashing氏の解析をまとめると「AAA」は「1～366」で、「BB」は「00～02」または「95～99」、「XXXXXXX」は先頭が「0」で、かつ合算して7で割り切れる7桁の数字、そして「YYYYY」はノーチェック、つまり「何でもいい5桁の数字」だ。何とも単純な仕様だ。

[RaspBerry Pi]How to expand the root partition of your Raspberry PI’s SD card

2023-02-14T23:09:00.000+09:00

**How to expand the root partition of your Raspberry PI’s SD card?**

After installing a new OS on your PI’s SD card you might notice there is a lot of diskspace ‘missing’ on the card…

By expanding the root partition of the card you can regain that ‘missing’ space!

This is the easiest way to do it:

open the PI’s configuration screen (in the terminal window) by typing:
sudo raspi-config
run the bottom option just to make sure you have the latest version of the configuration software:
update
run the second option:
expand_rootfs
click:
Finish
select ‘YES‘ when it asks for a reboot

[PERL]Confirm installed module on linux server

2023-01-30T17:06:00.001+09:00

■以下のコマンドを実行すること確認できる

find `perl -e 'print "@INC"'` -name '*.pm' -print

■grep で限定表示

find `perl -e ' print "@INC"' `-name '*.pm' -print | grep LWP

●＠INC

Perlの特殊変数

●LWP

Perlモジュール

[Raspberry Pi]Install mail server on local raspberry pi with own domain

2022-09-22T11:08:00.004+09:00

Yes, We will run the command [sudo apt-get install postfix].

To ensure you will get the newest version, you have to run below first.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

Then you can go with [sudo apt-get install postfix]

You will see some log like below.

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
libgnutls-dane0 libunbound8
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
Suggested packages:
procmail postfix-mysql postfix-pgsql postfix-ldap postfix-pcre postfix-lmdb postfix-sqlite sasl2-bin | dovecot-common libsasl2-modules
| dovecot-common postfix-cdb ufw postfix-doc
The following packages will be REMOVED:
exim4-base exim4-config exim4-daemon-light
The following NEW packages will be installed:
postfix
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 3 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 1,412 kB of archives.
After this operation, 62.5 kB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://ftp.udx.icscoe.jp/Linux/raspbian/raspbian buster/main armhf postfix armhf 3.4.23-0+deb10u1 [1,412 kB]
Fetched 1,412 kB in 2s (774 kB/s)
Preconfiguring packages ...
(Reading database ... 221744 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing exim4-daemon-light (4.92-8+deb10u7) ...
Removing exim4-base (4.92-8+deb10u7) ...
Removing exim4-config (4.92-8+deb10u7) ...
Selecting previously unselected package postfix.
(Reading database ... 221611 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../postfix_3.4.23-0+deb10u1_armhf.deb ...
Unpacking postfix (3.4.23-0+deb10u1) ...
Setting up postfix (3.4.23-0+deb10u1) ...
Adding group `postfix' (GID 126) ...
Done.
Adding system user `postfix' (UID 118) ...
Adding new user `postfix' (UID 118) with group `postfix' ...
Not creating home directory `/var/spool/postfix'.
Creating /etc/postfix/dynamicmaps.cf
Adding group `postdrop' (GID 127) ...
Done.
setting myhostname: raspberrypi
setting alias maps
setting alias database
changing /etc/mailname to achillia-mfg.com
setting myorigin
setting destinations: achillia-mfg.com, $myhostname, raspberrypi, localhost.localdomain, localhost
setting relayhost: smtp.localhost
setting mynetworks: 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
setting mailbox_size_limit: 0
setting recipient_delimiter: +
setting inet_interfaces: all
setting inet_protocols: all
WARNING: /etc/aliases exists, but does not have a root alias.

Postfix (main.cf) is now set up with a default configuration. If you need to
make changes, edit /etc/postfix/main.cf (and others) as needed. To view
Postfix configuration values, see postconf(1).

After modifying main.cf, be sure to run 'service postfix reload'.

Running newaliases
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/postfix.service → /lib/systemd/system/postfix.service.
Processing triggers for systemd (241-7~deb10u8+rpi1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.5-2) ...
Processing triggers for rsyslog (8.1901.0-1+deb10u2) ...

Raspberry pi上使用nslookup和dig

2022-09-05T23:42:00.001+09:00

在Raspberry Pi上，初期状态是无法使用nslookup和dig等一些DNS相关命令的。

需要安装dnsutils package.

$ sudo apt-get update

$ sudo apt-get install dnsutils

安装后就可以使用下列命令了。

$ nslookup example.com
$ dig example.com

【WINDOWS8 & OFFICE2013】win8和office2013同时还原激活

2014-07-21T03:33:00.000+09:00

1.备份

当一台电脑同时安装已激活的win8和office 2013时，我们就有必要备份一下已经激活状态，不然重装系统后将很费心思地找激活密钥。windows8与office 2013同时俱在时，

（1）我们只需将系统盘（通常为C）C:\Windows\System32\spp\store的store文件夹备份到网盘上（注意store中含有隐藏的文件要全部备份）

（2）记住重装win8系统的用户名和激活密钥（无论是电话激活还是联网激活的密钥）

（3）记住office2013的安装路径（如D:\Programs\office）和激活密钥（无论是电话激活还是联网激活密钥）

2.还原激活信息

（1）安装win8的系统时注意版本和用户名要与备份的一样，然后将已备份的密钥用slmgr /ipk **** **** **** ****安装到电脑中

（2）安装office2013并注意版本和安装路径要与备份的一样，安装已备份密钥

（3）将备份的store完覆盖到C:\Windows\System32\spp\下store，重启

将显示win8与office2013同时激活

说明1：这个方法也可以用来备份单独的win8激活信息或者office 2013的激活信息

说明2：原来的有一种对win8备份还原的方是将电话激活的ID和用到的密钥备份，然后用命令激活的办法好像不怎么好用了，最好用本经验方法简单可行稳定长久。

扒网络视频网站

2014-06-21T03:00:00.000+09:00

目前大多数的视频网站，例如Youtube，都是使用Flash嵌套flv文件的方式播放视频。基于商业上考虑，一般只允许用户在线观看而不提供下载服务。如果你确实有需要把视频保存到电脑，或者将视频转换成其适合mp3、mp4、PSP、iPod、iPhone或其他手机的格式，那你就找对地方了。这里将为大家介绍10个最好的在线视频转换服务，全部都是免费甚至是无需注册的，一定能满足你视频下载或转换的需要。

1. Zamzar

网址：http://zamzar.com/url/

Zamzar支持音乐、视频、图片、文档类型的格式转换，支持格式多样，并且转换质量很高。免费用户允许转换100MB以内的文件。如果你自认是转换狂人，可以申请成为高级用户，获得更大的容量（1G）和更快的转换速度。界面简洁友好，容易上手。

2. Mux

网址：http://beta.mux.am

Mux还是一个测试中的服务，能将大部分的视频网站（当然是国外的）的节目保存到电脑上。

3. Vixy

网址：http://vixy.net

这个网站可以把flv文件转换成avi、mov、mp4、pm3、3gp等格式。网站声称比其他的转换工具更快和失真更少。这个服务是基于一个名为FLV to MPEG4 Conveter的开源引擎，如果有需要，你甚至可以下载其源代码。

4. VideoCodeZone

网址：http://www.videocodezone.com/conversion.php

这个网站可以将Youtube, MySpace, Google Videos, IFilm, Break, Dailymotion 及 Metacafe等网站的视频转换成一般的视频格式并下载到电脑里。输入需要转换的视频网址，选择输出的格式，点击Convert或Download，就可以转换或下载了。也可以选择电脑里flv文件进行转换。

5. MediaConverter

网址：http://www.mediaconverter.org

支持视频、音乐、铃声、图片及文档等多种媒体文件的转换和拆分。支持的格式不仅有mp3、wmv、3gp、flv、swf、mov、avi、mpg、mp4、divx、ipod、PSP等，还包括jpg、psd、doc、pdf、ttf、txt、odg，甚至是几乎绝迹的WordPerfect文件。网站有自动文件格式识别功能，如果自动识别失败，只需要手工选择源文件格式和目标格式，提交后就可以开始转换。除了转换本地文件外，也支持远程文件转换，只需要输入文件的网上地址即可，非常方便。

6. ConvertDirect

网址：http://www.convertdirect.com

可以在线转换类似Youtube这些网站的flv视频文件。支持输出的格式包括avi、3gp、mp3、mp4、wmv、mpeg、mov及psp。这样你就可以在你的电脑、ipd、Zune、PSP和各式各样的手机上欣赏视频了。

7. MovAVI

网址：http://online.movavi.com

MovAvi不仅免费，还不会有广告骚扰。你可以上传五个，总计不超过100MB的文件。当文件转换好后，会以电子邮件的形式通知你。而这个网站的特色，是可以把几个小视频文件合并成一个大的视频文件。

8. Flvix

网址：http://www.flvix.com

一个专注于Youtube 和Google Video的在线flv转换网站。界面虽然简陋但很实用，支持的格式包括avi、mp4、3gp和mp3。这样你就可以把视频下载到电脑、手机、ipod或PSP了。

9. All2Convert

网址：http://www.all2convert.com

将视频链接粘贴到URL Video box框，选择转换目标格式，然后点“Convert”开始转换。当转换成功的时候，就会出现下载链接。支持的设备包括手机、iphone、Zune、iPod、PSP和一般电脑，支持的格式包括有dvd、mov、mp4、vob、rm及wmv。

10. ConvertTube

网址：http://converttube.com

专门转换Youtube的flv文件的网站。支持的格式包括wmv、mov、mp4、mp3及3gp。和前面介绍的Vixy一样，这个网站也声称他的转换服务比其他转换工具更快，细节损失更少。（完）

YAMAHA RTX1200 设定简易说明

2014-06-21T02:57:00.003+09:00

初期配置

全新的没有经过任何配置的YAMAHA路由器，在配置之前需要设定一些基本的信息：
Password: //出厂状态登陆密码为空密码，直接回车后提示符显示为">"
> //在开机后自动进入，">"普通状态
> Administrator //为了能够进行配置，必须进入管理员权限，使用命令"Administrator"
Password: //出厂状态为空密码，直接回车后提示符显示为"#"
注1：所有的命令都不必完整输入，比如命令"Administrator"，在

输入"ad"之后按下tab健就可以自动补全。
在命令之后输入"？"可以显示该命令的相关提示，例如：
# administrator ?
Command Format: administrator
You needs to enter Administrator Password.
Description: Logs in as an administrator.
Additional 'password' keyword results in another command.
# //退出管理员状态使用命令exit
# console character ascii //设定界面的说明文字为英语
# login password (encrypted) //设定登陆密码， "encrypted"选项提供对密码本身的加密
Old_Password: //出厂状态为空密码，直接回车
New_Password:****** //输入新密码，32个以内的字符
New_Password:****** //确认新密码
# administrator password (encrypted) //设定管理员权限密码，

"encrypted"选项提供对密码本身的加密
Old_Password: //出厂状态为空密码，直接回车
New_Password:****** //输入新密码，32个以内的字符
New_Password:****** //确认新密码
# console prompt RTX1200 //设定路由器的提示符，相当于hostname
RTX1200# timezone +8:00 //设定所在时区，中国是东8区
RTX1200# time 9:54:14 //设定时间
RTX1200# date 2010-07-18 //设定日期
注2：除了以上方式设定时间之外，还可以使用"rdate"命令(time服务)、"n

tpdate"命令(ntp服务)设定时间，请使用"？"察看
RTX1200# security class 3 off on //设定路由器的安全等级
注3： security class用于设定路由器的安全等级。

该命令有3个选项，第1项是一个数字(范围是1-3)，第2、3项是on/off。
第一项表示进入路由器管理权限的方式。

1(宽松)：允许serial端口、telnet、remote setup(ISDN)这3种方式登录。
2(中等)：允许serial端口、telnet这2种方式登录。3

(严格)：只允许来自serial端口的登录。
第二项表示是否可以使用后门管理员权限密码

(YAMAHA路由器默认允许在serial端口使用后门管理员权限密码)， on/off。
第三项表示是否允许路由器本身作为telnet客户端使用。

这项设定为on之后，就可以在路由器上使用telnet命令登陆到其它设备
RTX1200# save //保存配置
Saving ... CONFIG0 Done .
RTX1200# show environment //显示路由器环境变量
RTX1200 Rev.10.01.17 (build 3) (Fri Oct 30 14:34:18 2009)
main: RTX1200 ver=b0 serial=D26009571 MAC-Address=00:a0:de:37:b4:e0 MAC-Addr
ess=00:a0:de:37:b4:e1 MAC-Address=00:a0:de:37:b4:e2
CPU: 0%(5sec) 0%(1min) 0%(5min) Memory: 17% used
Firmware: exec0 Config. file: config0
Default firmware: exec0 Default config. file: config0
Boot time: 2010/08/02 11:55:21 +09:00
Current time: 2010/08/02 11:56:39 +09:00
Elapsed time from boot: 0days 00:01:18
Security Class: 1, FORGET: ON, TELNET: OFF
Inside Temperature(C.): 34
Current time: 2007/01/18 10:04:30 +08:00
Elapsed time from boot: 0days 00:00:00
Security Class: 3, Type: OFF, TELNET: ON
RTX1200# restart //重启动路由器
RTX1200# cold start //将路由器恢复到出厂状态
注4：该命令会重启路由器，并且删除所有的配置(0-4号)。

ADSL基本接入配置

/*+++++++++++++++路由器基本设定+++++++++++++++*/

console character ascii //设定路由器的界面语言为英语
console prompt RTA //设定路由器的hostname
/*++++++++++++++++++路由设定+++++++++++++++++*/
ip route default gateway pp 1 //设定默认路由为pp 1
/*+++++++++++++++++端口IP设定++++++++++++++++*/
ip lan1 address 192.168.100.254/24 //设定lan1端口地址
/*++++++++++++++++ADSL拨号设定+++++++++++++++*/
pp select 1 //选择拨号设定的编号
pp always-on on //在发生断线时，自动重新尝试拨号
pppoe use lan2 //设定连接ADSL的物理端口
pp auth accept pap chap //设定接受认证的方式，pap和chap都接受
pp auth myname USER-ID PASSWORD //此处填入从电信获得的接入用户ID和密码
ppp lcp mru on 1492 //设定mru值为1492
ppp ipcp ipaddress on //接受电信关于分配不定IP的协商
ppp ipcp msext on //打开microsoft extension，接受对端关于DNS和WINS服务器的协商
ppp ccp type none //在线路上不使用压缩
ip pp mtu 1492 //设定mtu值为1492
ip pp nat descriptor 1 //在本拨号端口使用NAT变换规则1
pp enable 1 //使该拨号端口的设置生效，在做测试中如果想关闭该端口，可用pp disable 1
/*++++++++++++++++NAT规则设定+++++++++++++++*/
nat descriptor type 1 masquerade

//选择NAT的类型为masquerade,因为只一个公网IP，实际上就是端口转换，即PAT模式
nat descriptor address outer 1 ipcp //设定NAT转换的外部地址为通过ipcp协商从电信获得的地址
nat descriptor adderss inner 1 auto //设定NAT转换的内部地址为所有，这也是默认值
/*++++++++++++++++DNS服务器设定+++++++++++++++*/
dns server pp 1

//因为在端口设置中已经打开了microsoft extension，所以可以从拨号对端获得dns server的ip
/*++++++++++++++++DHCP服务器设定+++++++++++++++*/
dhcp service server //将路由器设定为DHCP服务器
dhcp scope 1 192.168.100.50-192.168.100.150/24 //设定DHCP的地址池的范围
设定完毕后使用login password、administrator password设定好登陆密码和管理密码
最后使用save命令保存配置

注：从Internet管理远程路由器时，因为远端路由器的外网端口上做了NAT设定，

无法直接进行telnet登陆。需要做一下
的NAT静态端口映射设定才能从远端登陆路由器。
nat descriptor masquerade static 1 1 192.168.100.254 tcp 23
// 192.168.100.254为lan端口IP，tcp 23为telnet。

FTTB基本接入配置

/*+++++++++++++++路由器基本设定+++++++++++++++*/
console character ascii //设定路由器的界面语言为英语
console prompt RTA //设定路由器的hostname
/*++++++++++++++++++路由设定+++++++++++++++++*/
ip route default gateway 220.0.0.2 //将从运营商处获得的网关IP，作为默认网关
/*++++++++++++++++++端口IP设定+++++++++++++++++*/
ip lan1 address 192.168.200.254/24 //设定lan端口IP
ip lan2 address 220.0.0.1/30 //运营商分配给顾客的固定IP
/*++++++++++++++++++NAT端口应用设定+++++++++++++++++*/
ip lan2 nat descriptor 1

//设定在lan2端口使用NAT变换规则1，因为ADSL的NAT转换是在逻辑pp端口上应用的，而FTTB是在物
理的lan端口上应用的。请根据实际情况设定。
/*++++++++++++++++++NAT规则设定+++++++++++++++++*/
nat descriptor type 1 masquerade

//选择NAT的类型为masquerade,因为只一个公网IP，实际上就是端口转换，即PAT模式
nat descriptor address outer 1 220.0.0.1 //设定NAT转换的外部地址为运营商分配的公网IP
nat descriptor adderss inner 1 auto //设定NAT转换的内部地址为所有，这也是默认值
/*++++++++++++++++DNS服务器设定+++++++++++++++*/
dns server 202.96.209.133 202.96.209.5 //将运营商提供的dns服务器的ip设定进路由器
/*++++++++++++++++DHCP服务器设定+++++++++++++++*/
dhcp service server //将路由器设定为DHCP服务器
dhcp scope 1 192.168.200.50-192.168.200.150/24 //设定DHCP的地址池的范围
设定完毕后使用login password、administrator password设定好登陆密码和管理密码
最后使用save命令保存配置

注：从Internet管理远程路由器时，因为远端路由器的外网端口上做了NAT设定，