autocadcmd

TOL Analysis

2023-05-28T06:12:00.006-07:00

ISO 2768-1
External Radii and Chamfer Heights

Tolerance Class Designation

Fine

Enter the required size here (0.5 to 1000 mm)

Upper

Lower

Tolerance

0.5

-0.5

Specification limit

5.5000

4.5000

Middle Value

5.0000

TOL

1.0000

Engine Block 3D Viewer

2021-09-30T08:25:00.012-07:00

Engine Block by Rajaramu2805 on Sketchfab

crank shaft 3d viewer

2021-09-30T07:27:00.004-07:00

Advanced Screwdriver bit pz 1 modeling

2020-09-03T04:56:00.004-07:00

Download

✎ All dimensions are in millimeters (mm)

Video Tutorial

Autocad 3d diesel Engine block modeling

2020-07-27T06:14:00.003-07:00

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no of piston : 4

4 stock Engine

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units : milimeters

scale 1:1

Engine Block Modeling

2020-06-17T05:34:00.001-07:00

no of piston : 1

2stock Engine

petrol Engine

Bike Engine (TVS XL)

Finding lost toolbars

2019-12-15T22:44:00.000-08:00

Toolbars can sometimes get “lost” due to a change in screen resolution. If you recently changed the resolution of your screen, try a higher resolution, which will show more items at the edge.

You can protect toolbars from moving by locking their position. Right-click any toolbar and choose Lock Location. Then choose Floating Toolbars to lock those that aren’t docked, Docked Toolbars, or All.

Display lost toolbars in AutoCAD

2019-12-15T22:43:00.000-08:00

To enable the Quick Access toolbar:

Method 1:

1) Open the CUI (type CUI at the command line)

2) In the top left window, highlight your workspace

3) In the top right panel, click "Customize"

4) In the top left panell, click the "+" symbol next to Quick Access Toolbar

5) Put a checkmark in the box

6) Click "Apply" and "OK" at the bottom of the CUI palette.

Method 2 :

If you know the name of the toolbar, another option is to use the command line form of the TOOLBAR command, by typing -toolbar. At the resulting prompt, enter the name of the toolbar. Then, at the Enter an option: prompt, press Enter to show the default option, which is Show. Here’s what it looks like:

Command: -toolbar

Enter toolbar name or [ALL]: dimension

Enter an option [Show/Hide/Left/Right/Top/Bottom/Float] <Show>:

drill chuck key modeling in AutoCAD

2019-06-22T04:44:00.002-07:00

Hatching ( Beginners step 8 )

2017-12-09T22:18:00.001-08:00

Command: Bhatch

To show the section objects by filling the cut portion with a respective pattern of angle line.

Command format:

• Command: Bhatch

• hit enter

• Draw tool bar - click on hatch icon

• Main menu click on Draw → hatch

Hatching enclosed Area

• Command: Bhatch

• hit enter

Then boundary hatch dialog box appears, and do the following:

• Click on pick points button in the dialog box.

• Select the point P1 and press Enter

• Click OK in the dialog box.

Removing Island

• Command: Bhatch

• hit enter

Then boundary hatch dialog box appears, and do the following:

• Click on pick points button in the dialog box

• Select the point P1 inside in the triangle

• Click on remove island in the dialog box

• Select the circle and press enter

• Click OK in the dialog box.

User defined

• Command: Bhatch

• hit enter

Then boundary hatch dialog box appears, and do the following:

• Click on user defined in the dialog box

• Enter 1 in the spacing 45 in the angle

• Click on pick points in the dialog box

• Select the point P1 inside in the triangle

• Press enter

• Click OK in the dialog box

• Repeat the same process for hatching circle by entering 45 in the angle.

THANK YOU. !

Dimensioning ( Beginners step 7 )

2017-12-09T22:07:00.001-08:00

Command: Dimlinear

To Change the text style of the text.

Command format:

• Command: Dimlinear

• hit Enter

• Dimension tool bar - click on linear icon

• Main menu click on Dimension → Linear

Horizontal

• Command: Dimlinear

• hit Enter

• Specify first extension line origin or <select object>: Select the point P1

• Specify second extension line origin: Select the point P2

• Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertical/Rotated]: T

• hit Enter

• Enter dimension text<1.8267>: 89

• hit Enter

• Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertical/Rotated]: Select the location point

• Esc

Vertical

• Command: Dimlinear

• hit Enter

• Specify first extension line origin or <select object>: Select the point P2

• Specify second extension line origin: Select the point P3

• Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertical/Rotated]: T

• hit Enter

• Enter dimension text<1.3267>: 50

• hit Enter

• Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertical/Rotated]: Select the location point

• Esc

Command: Dimaligned

To Dimension the inclined portion.

Command format:

• Command: Dimaligned

• hit Enter

• Dimension tool bar - click on Aligned icon

• Main menu click on Dimension → Aligned

• Command: Dimaligned

• hit Enter

• Specify first extension line origin or <select object>: Select the Point P3

• Specify second extension line origin: Select the point P4

• Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertical/Rotated]: T

• hit Enter

• Enter dimension text<1.3267>: 55

• hit Enter

• Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertical/Rotated]: Select the location point

• Esc

Command: Dimangular

To specify angular dimension between objects.

Command format:

• Command: Dimangular

• Dimension tool bar - click on Angular icon

• Main menu click on Dimension → Angular

• Command: Dimangular

• hit Enter

• Select arc, circle, line or <specify vertex>: Select the line L1

• Select second line: Select the line L2

• Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle]: T

• hit Enter

• Enter dimension text <1.3267>: %%D90

• hit Enter

• Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle]: Select the location point

• Esc

Command: Dimradius

To specify radial dimension.

Command format:

• Command: Dimradius

• hit Enter

• Dimension tool bar - click on radius icon

• Main menu click on Dimension → radius

• Command: Dimradius

• hit Enter

• Select are or circle: Select the arc A1

• Dimension text=Current

• hit Enter

• Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle]: T

• Enter dimension text<1.3267>: R25

• hit Enter

• Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle]: Select the location point

• Esc

Command: Dimdiameter

To specify Diameter dimension.

Command format:

• Command: Dimdiameter

• hit Enter

• Dimension tool bar - click on diameter icon

• Main menu click on Dimension → diameter

• Command: Dimdiameter

• hit Enter

• Select are or circle: Select the circle Cl

• Dimension text=Current

• Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle]: T

• hit Enter

• Enter dimension text<1.3267>: %%C50

• hit Enter

• Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle]: Select the location point

• Esc

THANK YOU. !

Inquiry Commands

2017-12-09T20:29:00.002-08:00

👉 The inquiry commands in AutoCAD 2017 provide the information about objects in your drawing. The following are the set of inquiry commands.

★ List

★ Distance

★ ID

★ Area

★ MeasureGeom

DIST

Measures the distance and angle between two points.

To calculate the distance and angle between two points

• Click Tools tab → Inquiry panel → Distance.

• Specify a first and second point for the distance you want to calculate.

• Press ENTER.

The distance displays at the Command prompt in the current units format.

ID

👉 Displays the UCS coordinate values of a specified location.

• Tools → inquiry → ID Point

👉 ID lists the X, Y, and Z values of the specified point and stores the Coordinate of the specified point as the last point.

Calculate the Area, Perimeter, or Circumference of an Object

👉 You can calculate the enclosed area and perimeter or circumference of circles, ellipses, polylines, polygons, regions. The information displayed depends on the type of object selected:

• Circles. Area and circumference display.

• Ellipses, closed polylines, polygons, Area and perimeter display.

To calculate an area you define

• Click Tools tab → Inquiry panel → Area.

• Specify points in a sequence that define the perimeter of the area you want to measure. Press ENTER.

★ The first and last points connect to form a closed area. The area and perimeter display in the current units format.

To calculate the area of an object

• Click Tools tab → Inquiry panel → Area.

• At the command prompt, enter o (Object).

• Select an object.

The area and perimeter of the selected object display in the current units format.

To add an area as you calculate

• Click Tools tab → Inquiry panel → Area.

• Enter a (Add).

• Do one of the following:

★ Specify points to define the area you want to add. Press ENTER

★ Enter o (Object) and select the objects you want to add.

Each new area and a running total of all areas displays in the current units format.

• Press ENTER twice to end the command

To subtract an area as you calculate

• While a combined area displays, enter s (Subtract).

• Do one of the following:

★ Specify points to define the area you want to subtract. Press ENTER.

★ Enter o (Object) and select the objects you want to subtract.

The running total of all areas updates and displays as you define new areas.

• Press ENTER to end the command.

MEASUREGEOM

👉 Measures the distance, radius, angle, area, and volume of selected objects or sequence of points.

👉 With the MEASUREGEOM command, you can obtain geometric information on selected objects and sequences of points without having to use multiple commands. The MEASUREGEOM command performs many of the same calculations as the following commands:

★ AREA

★ DIST

★ MASSPROP

List

You can use LIST to display and then copy the properties of selected objects to a text file.

👉 The text window displays the object type, object layer, and the X,Y,Z position relative to the current user coordinate system (UCS) and whether the object is in model space or paper space.

LIST also reports the following information:

• Color, linetype, and lineweight information, if these properties are not set to BYLAYER.

• The thickness of an object, if it is nonzero.

• Elevation (Z coordinate information).

• Extrusion direction (UCS coordinates), if the extrusion direction differs from the Z axis (0,0,1) of the current UCS.

THANK YOU. !

Creating 2D Objects ( Beginners step 3 )

2017-12-09T09:16:00.000-08:00

👉 In AutoCAD, objects are created by joining and editing the basic geometrical elements such as line, arc, circle etc.

Command: Line (L)

To draw a straight line between two end points.

Command format:

• Command: Line

• hit Enter

• Draw tool bar - Click on Line icon

• Main menu click on Draw → Line

Absolute Co-ordinate Method

• Command: Line

• hit Enter

• Specify first point: 5, 5

• hit Enter

• Specify next point or [Undo]: 10, 5

• hit Enter

• Specify next point or [Undo]: 10, 10

• hit Enter

• Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 5, 10

• hit Enter

• Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 5, 5 (or) C

• hit Enter

• Esc

Relative co-ordinate method

• Command: Line

• hit Enter

• Specify first point: 5, 5

• hit Enter

• Specify next point or [Undo]: @5, 0

• hit Enter

• Specify next point or [Undo]: @0, 5

• hit Enter

• Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-5, 0

• hit Enter

• Specify next point or [Close/undo]: @-0, 5 (or) C

• hit Enter

• Esc

Polar co-ordinate method

• Command: Line

• hit Enter

• Specify first point: 5, 5

• hit Enter

• Specify next point or [Undo]: @5< 0

• hit Enter

• Specify next point or [Undo]: @5< 90

• hit Enter

• Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @5< 180

• hit Enter

• Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @5< 270 (or) C

• hit Enter

• Esc

Command: Circle (C)

To create a circle.

Command format:

• Command: Circle

• hit Enter

• Draw tool bar - Click on Circle icon

• Main menu click on Draw → Circle → Option

Centre point method with radius

• Command: Circle

• hit Enter

• Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr(tan tan radius)]: 5, 5

• hit Enter

• Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: 5

• hit Enter

Centre point method with Diameter

• Command: Circle

• hit Enter

• Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr(tan tan radius)]: 5, 5

• hit Enter

• Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]<5.000>: D

• hit Enter

• Specify Diameter of circle <10.000>: 10

• hit Enter

• Esc

Two point method

• Command: Circle

• hit Enter

• Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr(tan tan radius)]: 2P

• hit Enter

• Specify first end point of circle diameter: 10, 10

• hit Enter

• Specify second end point of circle diameter: 10, 40

• hit Enter

• Esc

Three point method

• Command: Circle

• hit Enter

• Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr(tan tan radius)]: 3P

• hit Enter

• Specify first point on circle: 10, 10

• hit Enter

• Specify second point on circle: 25, 25

• hit Enter

• Specify third point on circle: 10, 40

• hit Enter

• Esc

Command: Arc (A)

To create an arc.

Command format:

• Command: Arc

• hit Enter

• Draw tool bar - Click on Arc icon

• Main menu click on Draw → Arc → Option

Three points method

• Command: Arc

• hit Enter

• Specify start point of are or [CEnter]: 10, 40

• hit Enter

• Specify second point of are or [Center/ENd]: 20, 30

• hit Enter

• Specify end point of are: 10, 20

• hit Enter

• Esc

Start, Centre, End method

• Command: Arc

• hit Enter

• Specify start point of are or [CEnter]: 10, 40

• hit Enter

• Specify second point of are or [Center/ENd]: C

• hit Enter

• Specify center point of arc: 10, 30

• hit Enter

• Specify end point of are or [Angle/Chord length]: 10, 20

• hit Enter

• Esc

Start, End, Radius method

• Command: Arc

• hit Enter

• Specify start point of arc or [CEnter]: 10, 20

• hit Enter

• Specify second point of are or [Center/ENd]: E

• hit Enter

• Specify end point of arc: 10, 40

• hit Enter

• Specify center point of are or [Angle/Direction/Radius]: R

• hit Enter

• Specify radius of arc: 10

• hit Enter

• Esc

Start, End, Angle method

• Command: Arc

• hit Enter

• Specify start point of arc or [CEnter]: 10, 20

• hit Enter

• Specify second point of are or [Center/ENd]: E

• hit Enter

• Specify end point of arc: 10, 40

• hit Enter

• Specify center point of are or [Angle/Direction/Radius]: A

• hit Enter

• Specify included angle: 180
• hit Enter

• Esc

Start, Center, Angle method

• Command: Arc

• hit Enter

• Specify start point of are or [CEnter]: 10, 20

• hit Enter

• Specify second point of are or [Center/ENd]: C

• hit Enter

• Specify center point of arc: 10, 30

• hit Enter

• Specify end point of arc or [Angle/Chord length]: A

• hit Enter

• Specify included angle: 180

• hit Enter

• Esc

Start, Center, Length of chord method

• Command: Arc

• hit Enter

• Specify start point of are or [CEnter]: 10, 20

• hit Enter

• Specify second point of arc or [Center/ENd]: C

• hit Enter

• Specify center point of arc: 10, 30

• hit Enter

• Specify end point of arc or [Angle/Chord length]: L

• hit Enter

• Specify length of chord: 20

• hit Enter

• Esc

Command: Ellipse (EL)

To create an ellipse or an elliptical arc.

Command format:

• Command: Ellipse

• hit Enter

• Draw tool bar - Click on Ellipse icon

• Main menu click on Draw → Ellipse → Option

Axis, End point method

• Command: Ellipse

• hit Enter

• Specify Axis end point of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: 40, 40

• hit Enter

• Specify other endpoint of axis: 80, 40

• hit Enter

• Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: 15

• hit Enter

• Esc

Axis and angle of rotation method

Center point method

• Command: Ellipse

• hit Enter

• Specify Axis end point of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: C

• hit Enter

• Specify center point of ellipse: 60, 40

• hit Enter

• Specify end point of axis or [Rotation]: 15

• hit Enter

• Esc

Command: Polygon (POL)

To create an equilateral polyline.

Command format:

• Command: Polygon

• hit Enter

• Draw tool bar - Click on Polygon icon

• Main menu click on Draw → polygon

Inscribed Polygon

• Command: Polygon

• hit Enter

• Enter number of sides <4>: 5

• hit Enter

• Specify center point of Polygon or [Edge]: 50, 50

• hit Enter

• Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle]<I>: I

• Specify radius of circle: 30

• hit Enter

• Esc

Circumscribed Polygon

• Command: Polygon

• hit Enter

• Enter number of sides <5>: 5

• hit Enter

• Specify center point of Polygon or [Edge]: 50, 50

• hit Enter

• Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle]<I>: C

• hit Enter

• Specify radius of circle: 30

• hit Enter

• Esc

Edge method

• Command: Polygon

• hit Enter

• Enter number of sides <5>: 25

• hit Enter

• Specify center point of Polygon or [Edge]: E

• hit Enter

• Specify first endpoint of edge: 50, 50

• hit Enter

• Specify first endpoint of edge: 90, 50

• hit Enter

• Esc

Command: Polyline (PL)

Polyline is a connected sequence of line or are segments created as a single object.

Command format:

• Command: PLINE

• hit Enter

• Draw tool bar - Click on Polyline icon

• Main menu click on Draw → polyline

• Command: PLINE

• hit Enter

• Specify first point: 50, 50

• hit Enter

• Current line - width is 0.0000

• hit Enter

• Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Half width/Length/Undo/Width]: 70, 50

• hit Enter

• Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Half width/Length/Undo/Width]: 70, 10

• hit Enter

• Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Half width/Length/Undo/Width]: A

• hit Enter

• Specify end point of arc or [Angle/Center/Close/Half width/Length/Undo/Width]: A

• hit Enter

• Specify included angle: 180

• hit Enter

• Specify endpoint of arc or [Center/Radius]: R

• hit Enter

• Specify radius of arc: 20

• hit Enter

• Specify direction of chord for are <270>: 0

• hit Enter

• Specify endpoint of are or [Angle/Center/Close/Half width/Length/Undo/Width]: L

• hit Enter

• Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Half width/Length/Undo/Width]: 110, 50

• hit Enter

• Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Half width/Length/Undo/width]: 130, 10

• hit Enter

• Esc

THANK YOU. !

Creating Text ( Beginners step 6 )

2017-09-26T22:52:00.001-07:00

Command: Text or Dtext

To enter several lines of text and each line of text is separate Object. Autocad provides a variety of character patterns or fonts.

Command format:

• Command: Text or Dtext

• hit Enter

• Main menu click on Draw → Text → Single line text

👉 It has various options, some of them are explained below

Starting point

• Command: Text or Dtext

• hit Enter

• Current text style "Standard" text height "2.5000"

• hit Enter

• Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style]: Select the point P1

• hit Enter

• Specify height<2.5000>: 2.5

• hit Enter

• Specify rotation angle of text<0>: 45

• hit Enter

• Enter text: AutoCAD

• hit Enter

Justify

It provides several options. ALIGN option is used to create text between Two Specified points.

• Command: Text or Dtext

• hit Enter

• Current text style "Standard" text height "2.5000"

• Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style]: J

• Enter an option [Align/Fit/Center/Middle/Right/ TL/TC/TR/ML/MC/MR/BL/BC/BR]: A

• hit Enter

• Specify first end point of text baseline: Select the point P1

• Specify first end point of text baseline: Select the point P1

• Enter text: AutoCAD

• hit Enter

Command: MText

To enter multi line text in one command.

Command format:

• Command: MText

• Draw tool bar - click on Multi Line Text icon

• Main menu click on Draw → Text → Multi line text

• Command: MText

• Current text style "Standard" text height "2.5000"

• Specify first corner: Select a point

• Specify opposite corner or [Height/Justify/Line spacing/Rotation/Style/Width] Select an another point

👉 Enter the text and click OK on the editor box.

Command: Style

To Change the text style of the text.

Command format:

• Command: Style

• Main menu click on Format → Text style

• hit Enter

👉 After invoking the command, the text style dialogue box is displayed with various Options. Define the text style and click apply button In the dialog box.

THANK YOU. !

Controlling The Drawing Display ( Beginners step 5 )

2017-09-24T02:54:00.000-07:00

Command: Zoom (Z)

To increase or decrease the apparent size of objects in the current viewport.

Command format:

• Command: Zoom

• hit Enter

• Standard tool bar - Click on Zoom icon

• Main menu click on View → Zoom

👉 It has various options, some of them are explained below

All

To display entire drawing in the current viewport.

Command format:

• Command: Zoom

• hit Enter

• Standard tool bar - Click on Zoom icon

• Main menu click on View → Zoom → all

• Esc

Window

To display the area specified by two opposite corners of a rectangular window.

Command format:

• Command: Zoom

• hit Enter

• Standard tool bar - Click on Zoom icon

• Main menu click on View → Zoom → Window

• Command: Zoom

• hit Enter

• Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP) or [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window]<Rea1 Time>W

• hit Enter

• Specify First corner: Specify Opposite corner:

Real Time

To change the magnification of the drawing.

Command format:

• Command: Zoom

• hit Enter

• Standard tool bar - Click on Zoom Real-time icon

• Main menu click on View → Zoom → Real Time

👉 After invoking the command by anyone of the method, the cursor changes into magnifying glass with plus and minus signs. Then do the following:

★ Press the pick button of the mouse continuously and move the magnifying glass toward top of the screen for zoom in or move toward bottom of the screen to zoom out the object.

★ Release pick button to stop Zooming.

★ Press Enter or Esc to end the Zoom command

Command: Pan

To move the drawing display in the current Viewport.

Command format:

• Command: Pan

• hit Enter

• Standard tool bar - Click on Pan Real-time icon

• Main menu click on View → Pan → Real-time

👉 After invoking the command, the cursor changes into hand cursor. Then do the following:

★ Press and hold down the pick button of the mouse.

★ Move the Drawing.

★ Release the pick button by clicking to stop panning.

★ Press Enter or Esc to end the Pan command.

Command: Regen

To regenerate the drawing and refresh the current viewport.

Command format:

• Command: Regen

• hit Enter

• Main menu click on View → Regen

THANK YOU. !

Editing And Modifying ( Beginners step 4 )

2017-09-23T05:14:00.000-07:00

Command: Erase (ERASE)

To erase objects from the drawing.

Command format:

• Command: ERASE

• hit Enter

• Draw tool bar - Click on Erase icon

• Main menu click on Modify → Erase

• Command: Erase

• hit Enter

• Select Objects: select circle

• hit Enter

• Esc

Command: OOPS (OOPS)

To restore the objects which were erased by the last Erase command.

Command format:

• Command: OOPS

• hit Enter

• Esc

Command: Undo (UNDO)

To reverse the most recent operation. It can be executed for any number of times.

Command format:

• Command: UNDO

• hit Enter

• Standard tool bar - Click on Undo icon

• Main menu click on Edit → Undo

• Command: Undo

• hit Enter

• Esc

Command: Redo (REDO)

To reverse the effect of the previous UNDO or U command.

Command format:

• Command: REDO

• hit Enter

• Standard tool bar - Click on REDO icon

• Main menu click on Edit → Redo

• It must immediately follow the U or UNDO command.

• Command: REDO

• hit Enter

• Esc

Command: Move (M)

To displace the selected objects in a specified distance and direction.

Command format:

• Command: MOVE

• hit Enter

• Draw tool bar - Click on Move icon

• Main menu click on Modify → Move.

• Command: MOVE

• hit Enter

• Select objects: Select the circle

• hit Enter

• Specify base point or displacement: select the point P1

• Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>: Select point P2

• Esc

Command: Copy (CO)

To duplicate the selected objects.

Command format:

• Command: COPY

• hit Enter

• Draw tool bar - Click on Copy icon

• Main menu click on Modify → Copy

• Command: Copy

• hit Enter

• Select objects: Select the circle

• hit Enter

• Specify base point or displacement, or [Multiple]: select the point P1

• Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>: Select point P2

• Esc

Command: Array (AR)

To create multiple copies in a pattern. The operations are polar and rectangular array.

Command format:

• Command: ARRAY

• hit Enter

• Draw tool bar - Click on Cop icon

• Main menu click on Modify → Array

Rectangular Array

• Command: Array

• hit Enter

• Select Objects: Select the object

• hit Enter

• Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar] <R>: R

• hit Enter

• Enter the number of rows(-)<1>: 2

• hit Enter

• Enter the number of columns(|)<1>: 4

• hit Enter

• Enter the distance between rows or specify unit cell(-): 30

• hit Enter

• Specify the distance between columns Command: Copy(|): 30

• hit Enter

• Esc

Polar Array

• Command: Array

• hit Enter

• Select Objects: Select the object

• hit Enter

• Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar]<R>: P

• hit Enter

• Specify center point of array: Select point P1

• hit Enter

• Enter the number of items in the array: 6

• hit Enter

• Specify the angle to fill (+=ccw, -=cw)<360>: 360

• hit Enter

• Rotate arrayed objects? [Yes/No]<Y>: Y

• hit Enter

• Esc

Command: Mirror (MI)

To create a mirror image of selected object.

Command format:

• Command: MIRROR

• hit Enter

• Modify tool bar - Click on Mirror icon

• Main menu click on Modify → Mirror

• Command: MIRROR

• hit Enter

• Select objects: Select the object

• hit Enter

• Specify first point of mirror line: Select the point P1

• hit Enter

• Specify second point of mirror line: Select the point P2

• hit Enter

• Delete source objects? [Yes/No]<N>: N

• hit Enter

• Esc

Command: Rotate (RO)

To rotate objects about a base point.

Command format:

• Command: ROTATE

• hit Enter

• Draw tool bar - Click on Rotate icon

• Main menu click on Modify → Rotate

• Command: ROTATE

• hit Enter

• Current positive angle in UCS:ANGDIR=counterclockwise ANGBASE=0

• Select objects: select the object

• hit Enter

• Specify base point: Select the point P1

• hit Enter

• Specify rotation angle or [Reference]: 45

• hit Enter

• Esc

Command: Break (BR)

To erase part of objects or split an object into two.

Command format:

• Command: BREAK

• hit Enter

• Draw tool bar - Click on Break icon

• Main menu click on Modify → Break

• Command: BREAK

• hit Enter

• Select object: select the point P1

• Specify second break point or [First point]: Select the point P2

• Esc

Command: Trim (TR)

To trim objects at a cutting edge defined by other objects.

Command format:

• Command: TRIM

• hit Enter

• Draw tool bar - Click on Trim icon

• Main menu click on Modify → Trim

• Command: TRIM

• hit Enter

• Current settings: Projection=UCS Edge=None

• Select cutting edges...

• Select objects: select the line

• Select object to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo]: Select the lower half of the circle

• Esc

Command: Offset (OFFSET)

To create concentric circles, parallel lines and parallel curves.

Command format:

• Command: OFFSET

• hit Enter

• Modify tool bar - Click on Offset icon

• Main menu click on Modify → Offset

Method 1

• Command: OFFSET

• hit Enter

• Specify offset distance or [Through]<Current>: Specify the distance

• hit Enter

• Specify object to offset or <Exit>: Select the object L1

• hit Enter

• Specify point on side to offset: Select the point P1

• Esc

Method 2

• Command: OFFSET

• hit Enter

• Specify offset distance or [Through]<Current>: T

• hit Enter

• Specify object to offset or <Exit>: Select the object L1

• Specify through point: Select the point P1

• Esc

Command: Scale (SCALE)

To enlarge or reduce selected objects equally in the x, y & z directions.

Command format:

• Command: Scale

• hit Enter

• Draw tool bar - Click on Scale icon

• Main menu click on Modify → Scale

• Command: Scale

• hit Enter

• Select objects: select the object C1

• hit Enter

• Specify base point: select the point P1

• Specify scale factor or [Reference]: 2

• hit Enter

• Esc

Command: Extend (EX)

To extend an object to meet another object.

Command format:

• Command: Extend

• hit Enter

• Draw tool bar - Click on Extend icon

• Mani menu click on Modify → Extend

• Command: Extend

• hit Enter

• Current settings: Projection=UCS Edge=None

• hit Enter

• Select boundary edges..

• Select objects: select the object L1

• hit Enter

• Select object to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]: Select the object L2

• Esc

Command: Explode (EXPLODE)

To break a compounds object into its components object. After exploding the object becomes individual segments.

Command format:

• Command: Explode

• hit Enter

• Draw tool bar - Click on Explode icon

• Main menu click on Modify → Explode

• Command: Explode

• hit Enter

• Select object: select object

• hit Enter

• Esc

Command: Divide (DIV)

To divide the object into number of equal divisions.

Command format:

• Command: Divide

• hit Enter

• Draw tool bar - Click on Divide icon

• Main menu click on Draw → Point → Divide

• Command: Divide

• hit Enter

• Select object to divide: select the object

• hit Enter

• Enter the number of segments or [Block]: 5

• hit Enter

• Esc

Command: Fillet (FILLET)

To connect two objects with an arc of a specified radius to create a rounded edge.

Command format:

• Command: Fillet

• hit Enter

• Modify tool bar - Click on Fillet icon

• Main menu click on Modify → Fillet

Filleting two objects

• Command: FILLET

• hit Enter

• Current settings: mode=TRIM, Radius=0.000

• hit Enter

• Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim]: R

• hit Enter

• Specify fillet radius<0.000>: 25

• Command: FILLET

• hit Enter

• Current settings: Mode=TRIM, Radius=25.000

• Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim]: Select the first object

• Select second object: Select the second object

• Esc

Filleting polyline

• Command: FILLET

• hit Enter

• Current settings: mode=TRIM, Radius=25.000

• hit Enter

• Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim]: R

• Specify fillet radius<25.000>: 20

• hit Enter

• Command: FILLET

• hit Enter

• Current settings: Mode=TRIM, Radius=20.000

• Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim]: P

• hit Enter

• Select 2D polyline: Select the polyline object

• Esc

Command: Chamfer (CHA)

To connect two non parallel objects by extending or trimming and joining with a line to create a beveled edge.

Command format:

• Command: Chamfer

• hit Enter

• Modify tool bar - Click on Chamfer icon

• Main menu click on Modify → Chamfer

Filleting two objects.

• Command: Chamfer

• hit Enter

• (TRIM mode), Current Chamfer Dist l=10.000, Dist 2=10.000

• Select first Line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method]: D

• hit Enter

• Specify First Chamfer Distance<10.000>: 6

• hit Enter

• Specify Second Chamfer Distance<10.000>: 6

• hit Enter

• Command: (TRIM mode), Current Chamfer Dist l=6.00, Dist 2=6.000

• hit Enter

• Select first line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method]: Select the first line

• Select second line: Select the second line.

• Esc

Chamfering polyline

• Command: Chamfer

• hit Enter

• (TRIM mode), Current Chamfer Dist l=6.000, Dist 2=6.000

• Select first Line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method]: P

• hit Enter

• Select 2D polyline: Select the polyline object

• hit Enter

• Esc

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Drafting Settings ( Beginners step 2 )

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Command : LIMITS (LIMITS)

Command format:

• Command: Limits

• hit Enter

• Main menu click on format → Drawing limits

• Command: Limits

• hit enter

• Specify lower left corner or [ON / OFF] <0.0000, 0.0000>: 0, 0

• Specify upper right corner <420.0000, 297.0000>: 210, 297

• Command: Zoom

• hit enter

• Specify corner of Window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window] <real time>: All

Command: UNITS (UN)

To set the unit type and number of decimal places for object lengths and angle.

Command format:

• Command: UN

• hit Enter

• Main menu click on format → units

👉 AutoCAD displays the drawing units dialog box with various options. Select unit type and precision for linear and angular measurements then click OK button in the dialog box.

Command: OBJECT SNAP

To get a required point on the existing objects. It can be used any time even a command is active.

Command format:

• Command: DSETTINGS

• hit Enter

• Status tool bar right click on OSNAP button

• Main menu click on Tools → Draft Settings

★ AutoCAD displays Drafting setting dialogue box

★ Click on OSNAP tab

★ Select the required object snap modes

★ Click OK

👉 To turn on or Off the OSNAP mode, click OSNAP button on the status bar or press F3 Button.

Command: POLAR TRACKING

To select a point at a Specified distance and angle relative to the last Point.

Command format:

• Command: DSETTINGS

• hit Enter

• Status tool bar right click on Polar button

• Main menu click on Tools → Draft Settings

★ AutoCAD displays Drafting setting dialogue box

★ Click on Polar Tracking tab

★ Select Polar Tracking ON box

★ Specified increment angle

★ Click OK

👉 To turn on or Off the Polar tracking, click Polar button on the status bar or press F10 Button.

Command: SNAP

To move a cursor in a specified value.

Command format:

• Command: DSETTINGS

• hit Enter

• Status tool bar right click on SNAP button

• Main menu click on Tools → Draft Settings

★ AutoCAD displays Drafting setting dialogue box

★ Click on SNAP & GRID tab

★ Select SNAP ON box

★ Specify X and Y spacing values

★ Specify angle and base point value

★ Click OK

👉 To turn on or Off the SNAP mode, click SNAP button on the Status bar or press F9 Button.

Command: GRID

It is a pattern of dots that appeared on screen. The SNAP and GRID spacing can be controlled independently.

Command format:

• Command: DSETTINGS

• hit Enter

• Status tool bar right click on GRID button

• Main menu click on Tools → Draft Settings

★ AutoCAD displays Drafting setting dialogue box

★ Click on SNAP & GRID tab

★ Select GRID ON box

★ Specify distance between the. dots in X and Y spacing values

★ Click OK

👉 To turn on or Off the GRID mode, click GRID button on the status bar or press F7 Button.

Command: ORTHO

To restrict cursor movement in horizontal and vertical axes. It enables to draw a line at right angles.

Command format:

• Command: ORTHO

• hit Enter

• Status bar-click on ORTHO button

• Press Ctrl+L or F8

• Command: ORTHO

• On / off <off>: on

👉 To turn on or Off the SNAP mode, click SNAP button on the status bar or press F9 Button.

Youtube Link

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File Management ( Beginners step 1 )

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Command : NEW

To create a new drawing file

Command format:

• Command: new

• hit enter

• Standard toolbar - click on new icon

• Main menu click file → new

👉 AutoCAD displays the start - up dialogbox in the screen. select metric and click OK button in the dialog box to accept the start from the scratch option.

Command : OPEN

To open the existing drawing file

Command format:

• Command: open

• hit Enter

• Standard toolbar - Click on open icon

• Main menu click file → open

👉 AutoCAD displays the select the dialog box, select the file to open and click on open.

Command: SAVE

To save the drawing under the current file name or a specified name

Command format:

• Command: save

• hit enter

• Standard toolbar - click on save icon

• Main menu click file → save

👉 If the drawing is named, AutoCAD displays the save drawing as dialog box, click on the save button. If the drawing is unnamed, enter a file name to save the drawing.

Command: Save As

To save an unnamed drawing with a file name or rename current drawing

Command format:

• Command: save as

• hit Enter

• Standard toolbar - click on save as icon

• Main menu click file → save as

👉 AutoCAD displays the save drawing as dialog box, enter a file name click on the save button.

Command: Close

To close the current drawing

Command format:

• Command: close

• hit Enter

• Main menu click file > close

👉 It closes the current drawing if there is no change made in the drawing otherwise it prompts as save change to Drg? Click yes or no button for saving or not saving the file. Then it closes the file automatically.

Command: Quit

To exit from the AutoCAD

Command format:

• Command: Quit

• hit Enter

• Standard toolbar - click on save icon

• Main menu click file → Exit

👉 It quits the AutoCAD if there is no change made in the drawing otherwise it prompts as save changes to Drg? Click Yes or No button for saving or not saving the file. Then it closes the AutoCAD automatically.

Youtube link

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Hatching

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👉 You can hatch an area using a predefined hatch pattern, define a simple line pattern using the current linetype, or create more complex hatch patterns. One type of pattern is called solid, which fills an area with a solid color.

To hatch areas

• Click Home tab → Draw panel → Hatch.

• In the Hatch and Gradient dialog box, click Add: Pick points.

• In your drawing, specify a point inside each area that you want hatched, and then press ENTER.

★ This point is known as the internal point.

• In the Hatch and Gradient dialog box, Hatch, in the swatch box, verify that the sample pattern is the pattern you want to use. To change patterns, select another pattern from the Pattern list.

• In the Hatch and Gradient dialog box, make adjustments, if necessary.

• Under Draw Order, click one of the options.

★ You can change the draw order of the hatch so that the hatch is drawn either behind or in front of the hatch boundary, or behind or in front of all other objects.

• Click OK.

Choose a hatch pattern

👉 The program supplies a solid fill and more than 50 industry-standard hatch patterns that you can use to differentiate the components of objects or represent object materials. The program also comes with 14 hatch patterns that conform to the ISO (International Standards Organization) standards.

👉 You can determine how enclosed areas within hatch boundaries, called islands, are hatched,You can determine how islands, enclosed areas within the hatch boundary, are hatched using the three hatching styles: Normal, Outer, and Ignore.

Invalid Hatch Boundaries

👉 When a hatch boundary cannot be determined, it might be because the specified internal point is not within a fully enclosed area. Red circles are displayed around unconnected endpoints of the boundary to identify gaps in the hatch boundary.

Create associative hatches

👉 An associative hatch is updated when you change the boundary. Hatched areas created with HATCH are associative by default. This setting is stored in the system variable HPASSOC. You can remove hatch associativity at any time or use HATCH to create a nonassociative hatch.

Hatch editing

👉 Modifies the characteristics of an existing hatch or fill. The Hatch Edit dialog box displays the current properties of the selected hatch or fill object. You can modify only the properties in the Hatch Edit dialog box that are available.

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Dimensioning

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👉 You can add measurements to your drawing with several dimensioning commands.

👉 Dimensioning is the process of adding measurement annotation to a drawing.

👉 You can create dimensions for a variety of object types in many orientations. The basic types of dimensioning are

★ Linear

★ Radial (radius, diameter and jogged)

★ Angular

★ Ordinate

★ Arc Length

👉 Linear dimensions can be horizontal, vertical, aligned, rotated, baseline, or continued (chained). Some examples are shown in the illustration.

Dimensions have several distinct elements:

★ dimension text

★ dimension lines

★ arrowheads

★ extension lines

👉 Dimensions can be associative, nonassociative, or exploded. Associative dimensions adjust to changes in the geometric objects that they measure.

👉 Dimension associativity defines the relationship between geometric objects and the dimensions that give their distance and angles. There are three types of associativity between geometric objects and dimensions.

• Associative dimensions. Automatically adjust their locations, orientations, and measurement values when the geometric objects associated with them are modified. Dimensions in a layout may be associated to objects in model space. The DIMASSOC system variable is set to 2.

• Nonassociative dimensions. Selected and modified with the geometry they measure. Nonassociative dimensions do not change when the geometric objects they measure are modified. The dimension variable DIMASSOC is set to 1.

• Exploded dimensions. Contain a collection of separate objects rather than a single dimension object. The DIMASSOC system variable is set to 0.

DIMLINEAR

To create a horizontal or vertical dimension

• Click Home tab → Annotation panel → Linear.

• Press ENTER to select the object to dimension, or specify the first and second extension line origins.

• Before specifying the dimension line location, you can override the dimension direction and edit the text, the text angle, or the dimension line angle:

★ To rotate the extension lines, enter r (Rotated). Then enter the dimension line angle.

★ To edit the text, enter m (multiline text). In the In-place Text Editor, revise the text.

Click OK.

Editing within or overwriting the brackets (< >) changes or removes the dimension value calculated by the program. Adding text before or after the brackets appends text before or after the dimension value.

★ To rotate the text, enter a (Angle). Then enter the text angle.

• Specify the dimension line location.

To create an aligned dimension

• Click Home tab → Annotation panel → Aligned.

• Press ENTER to select the object to dimension, or specify the first and second extension line origins.

• Before specifying the dimension line location, you can edit the text or change the text angle. Editing within or overwriting the brackets (< >) changes or removes the dimension value calculated by the program. Adding text before or after the brackets appends text before or after the dimension value.

★ To edit the text using multiline text, enter m (multiline text). in the In-place Text Editor, revise the text. Click OK.

★ To edit the text using single-line text, enter t (Text). Revise the text at the command prompt and press ENTER.

★ To rotate the text, enter a (Angle). Then enter the text angle.

• Specify the dimension line location.

To create a baseline linear dimension

• Click Annotate tab → Dimensions panel → Baseline.

★ By default, the origin of the last linear dimension created is used as the first extension line for the new baseline dimension. You are prompted for the second dimension line.

• Use an object snap to select the second extension line origin, or press ENTER to select any dimension as the base dimension.

★ The program automatically places the second dimension line at the distance specified by the Baseline Spacing option in the Dimension Style Manager, Lines tab.

• Use an object snap to specify the next extension line origin.

• Continue to select extension line origins as required.

• Press ENTER twice to end the command.

To create a continued linear dimension

• Click Annotate tab → Dimensions panel → Continue.

★ The program uses the origin of the second extension line of the existing dimension as the first extension line origin.

• Use object snaps to specify additional extension line origins.

• Press ENTER twice to end the command.

Radial Dimensions

There are two type of Radial Dimensions:

👉 DIMRADIUS measures the radius of an arc or circle, and displays the dimension text with the letter R in front of it.

👉 DIMDIAMETER measures the diameter of an arc or circle, and displays the dimension text with the diameter symbol in front of it.

To create a radius dimension

• Click Home tab → Annotation panel → Radius.

• Select an arc, circle, or polyline arc segment.

• Enter options as needed:

★ To edit the dimension text content, enter t (Text) or m (multiline text). Editing within or overwriting the brackets (< >) changes or removes the dimension value. Adding text before or after the brackets appends text before or after the dimension value.

★ To edit the dimension text angle, enter a (Angle).

• Specify the leader line location.

To create a diameter dimension

• Click Home tab→ Annotation panel → Radius.

• Select the arc or circle to dimension.

• Enter options as needed:

★ To change the dimension text angle, enter a (Angle).

• Specify the leader line location.

To create a jogged radius dimension

• Click Dimension menu → Jogged.

• Select an arc, circle, or polyline arc segment.

• Specify a point for the dimension origin (the center location override).

• Specify a point for the dimension line angle and the dimension text location.

• Specify another point for the location of the dimension jog.

Angular Dimensions

To create an angular dimension

• Click Home tab → Annotation panel → Angular.

• Use one of the following methods:

★ To dimension a circle, select the circle at the first endpoint of the angle and then specify the second endpoint of the angle.

★ To dimension any other object, select the first line, and then select the second line.

• Enter options as needed:

★ To edit the dimension text content, enter t (Text) or m (multiline text). Editing within or overwriting the brackets (< >) changes or removes the calculated dimension value. Adding text before or after the brackets appends text before or after the dimension value.

★ To edit the dimension text angle, enter a (Angle).

★ To confine the dimension to a quadrant, enter q (Quadrant) and specify the quadrant to measure.

• Specify the dimension line arc location.

To create an arc length dimension

• Click Home tab → Annotation panel → Arc Length.

• Select an arc or polyline arc segment.

• Specify the dimension line location.

Modify Existing Dimensions

👉 Once you've created a dimension, you can change the location and orientation of the existing dimension text or replace it with new text.

👉 Once you've created a dimension, you can rotate the existing text or replace it with new text. You can move the text to a new location or back to its home position, which is the position defined by the current dimension style. In the following illustration, the home position is above and centered on the dimension line.

DIMEDIT

👉 Enter type of dimension editing [Home/New/Rotate/Oblique] <Home>: Enter an option or press ENTER.

👉 Rotates, modifies, or restores dimension text. Changes the Oblique angle of extension lines.

Dimension Styles

👍 You can control the appearance of dimensions by changing settings. For convenience and to help maintain dimensioning standards, you can store these settings in dimension styles. A dimension style is a named collection of dimension settings that controls the appearance of dimensions, such as arrowhead style, text location, and lateral tolerances.

To create a dimension substyle

• Click Home tab → Annotation panel → Dimension Style.

• In the Dimension Style Manager, select the style from which you want to create a substyle. Click New.

• In the Create New Dimension Style dialog box, select the type of dimension that will apply to the substyle from the use for list. Click Continue.

★ In the New Dimension Style dialog box, select the appropriate tab and make changes to define the dimension substyle.

• Click OK.

• Click Close to exit the Dimension Style Manager.

Leader

👉 A leader object is a line or a spline with an arrowhead at one end and a multiline text object or block at the other.

• Click Home tab → Annotation panel → Multileader.

★ Enter at the Command prompt.

★ At the Command prompt, enter O to select options.

★ Enter I to specify leaders.

★ Enter t to specify the leader type.

★ Enter S to specify straight leaders.

★ In the drawing, click a start point for the leader head.

★ Click an end point for the leader.

★ Enter your MTEXT content.

★ On the Text Formatting toolbar, click OK.

Multileader

👉 A multileader object, or MLEADER, comprises a leader and a note. Multileader objects can contain multiple leader lines, each of which can have one or more segments, so that one note can point to multiple objects in your drawing.

👉 Multileader objects with blocks as content can be collected and attached to one landing line. Using the MLEADERCOLLECT command, multileaders can be collected horizontally, vertically, or within a specified area depending on your drawing needs.

THANK YOU. !

Creating Text

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👉 The text you add to your drawings conveys a variety of information. It may be a complex specification, title block information, a label, or even part of the drawing.

Single-Line Text

👍 For short entries that do not require multiple fonts or lines, create single-line text. Single-line text is most convenient for labels.

To create single-line text

• Click Home tab, Annotation panel, Multiline Text drop-down, Single Line.

• Specify the insertion point for the first character. If you press ENTER, the program locates the new text immediately below the last text object you created, if any.

• Specify the height of the text. This prompt is displayed only if text height is set to 0 in the current text style.

★ A rubber-band line is attached from the text insertion point to the cursor. Click to set the height of the text to the length of the rubber-band line.

• Specify a text rotation angle.

★ You can enter an angle value or use your pointing device.

• Enter the text. At the end of each line, press ENTER. Enter more text as needed.

• Press ENTER on a blank line to end the command.

• As you create text, you can align it. That is, you can justify it with one of the alignment options shown in the following illustrations. Left alignment is the default. To left-align text, do not enter an option at the Justify prompt.

Multiline Text

👉 For long, complex entries, create multiline, or paragraph text. Multiline text consists of any number of text lines or paragraphs that fit within a width you specify; it can extend vertically to an indefinite length.

👉 Regardless of the number of lines, each set of paragraphs created in a single editing session forms a single object, which you can move, rotate, erase, copy, mirror, or scale.

👉 There are more editing options for multiline text than there are for single-line text. For example, you can apply underlining, fonts, color, and text height changes to individual characters, words, or phrases within a paragraph.

To create multiline text

• Click Home tab, Annotation panel, Multiline Text drop-down, Multiline Text.

• Specify opposite comers of a bounding box to define the width of the multiline text object.

★ If the ribbon is active, the MTEXT ribbon contextual tab displays. If the ribbon is not active, the In-Place Text Editor is displayed.

• To indent the first line of each paragraph, drag the first-line indent slider on the ruler. To indent the other lines of each paragraph, drag the paragraph slider.

• To set tabs, click the ruler where you want a tab stop.

• If you want to use a text style other than the default, on the ribbon, click the Annotate tab, Text panel. Select the desired text style from the drop-down list.

• Enter text.

• To override the current text style, select text as follows:

★ To select one or more letters, click and drag the pointing device over the characters.

★ To select a word, double-click the word.

★ To select a paragraph, triple-click the paragraph.

• On the ribbon, make format changes as follows:

★ To change the font of the selected text, select a font from the list.

★ To change the height of the selected text, enter a new value in the Height box.

★ To format text in a True Type font with boldface or italics, or to create underlined or overlined text for any font, click the corresponding button on the ribbon. SHX fonts do not support boldface or italics.

★ To apply color to selected text, choose a color from the Color list. Click other to display the Select Color dialog box.

• To save your changes and exit the editor, use one of the following methods:

★ On the MTEXT ribbon contextual tab, in the Close panel, click Close Text Editor.

★ Click in the drawing outside the editor.

★ Press CTRL+ENTER.

Editing text

👉 You can change the contents, formatting and properties of single-line text.

👉 You can change single-line text with DDEDIT and PROPERTIES. Use DDEDIT when you need to change only the content of the text, not the formatting or properties of the text object. Use PROPERTIES when you want to change content, text style, location, orientation, size, justification, and other properties.

Text Style

👉 All text in a drawing has a text style associated with it. When you enter text, the program uses the current text style.

👉 The current text style sets the font, size, obliquing angle, orientation, and other text characteristics. If you want to create text using a different text style, you can make another text style current. The table shows the settings for the STANDARD text style.

Ribbon: Home tab, Annotation panel, Text style.

Current Text Style

👉 Lists the current text style.

Styles

👉 Displays the list of styles in the drawing. The list contains defined style names and displays the current style that is selected by default.

Font

Font Name

👉 Lists the font family name for all registered True Type fonts and all compiled shape (SHX) fonts in the Fonts folder.

Font Style

👉 Specifies font character formatting, such as italic, bold, or regular. When Use Big Font is selected, this option changes to Big Font Name and is used to select a Big Font file name.

Size

👉 Changes the size of the text.

Effects

👉 Modifies characteristics of the font, such as its height, width factor, and obliquing angle and whether it is displayed upside down, backwards, or vertically aligned.

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Creating Additional Objects

2017-09-06T02:01:00.001-07:00

Polyline

👉 A polyline is a connected sequence of segments created as a single object. You can create straight line segments, are segments, or a combination of the two.

👉 Polylines can be created with several commands including PLINE, RECTANG, POLYGON, DONUT

To draw a line and arc combination polyline

• Click Home tab → Draw panel → Polyline.

• Specify the start point of the polyline segment.

• Specify the endpoint of the polyline segment.

★ Switch to Arc mode by entering a (Arc) at the command prompt.

★ Return to Line mode by entering L (Line).

• Specify additional polyline segments as needed.

• Press ENTER to end, or enter C to Close the polyline.

• You can draw polylines of various widths by using the Width and Halfwidth options. You can set the width of individual segments and make them taper gradually from one width to another. These options become available after you specify a starting point for the polyline.

Mline

👉 Multilines are composed of 1 to 16 parallel lines, called elements.

👉 When you draw a multiline, you can use the STANDARD style, which has two elements, or specify a style that you created previously. You can also change the justification and scale of the multiline before you draw it.

👉 Multiline justification determines which side of the cursor that the multiline is drawn, or whether it is centered on the cursor.

👉 Multiline scale controls the overall width of the multiline using the current units.

The properties of multilines include

• The total number of elements and position of each element.

• The offset distance for each element from the middle of the multiline.

• The color and linetype of each element.

• The visibility of the lines, called joints, that appear at each vertex.

• The type of end caps that are used.

👉 The background fill color of the multiline.

To draw a multiline

• Click Draw menu → Multiline.

• At the command prompt, enter st to select a style.

• To list available styles, enter the style name or enter ?.

• To justify the multiline, enter J and select top, zero, or bottom justification.

• To change the scale of the multiline, enter S and enter a new scale.

★ Now draw the multiline.

• Specify the starting point.

• Specify a second point.

• Specify additional points, or press ENTER. If you specify three or more points, you can enter C to close the multiline.

Multiline style

To create a multiline style

• Click Format menu → Multiline Style.

• In the Multiline Style dialog box, click New.

• In the Create New Multiline Style dialog box, enter a name for the multiline style and select a multiline style from which to start. Click Continue.

• In the New Multiline Style dialog box, select the parameters for the multiline style. You can also enter a description.

★ Descriptions are optional and can be up to 255 characters, including spaces.

• Click OK.

• In the Multiline Style dialog box, click Save to save the multiline style to a file (the default is acad.mln). You can save multiline styles to the same file.

Spline

👉 A spline is a smooth curve that passes through or near a given set of points. You can control how closely the curve fits the points.

👉 The SPLINE command creates a particular type of spline known as a nonuniform rational B-spline (NURBS) curve. A NURBS curve produces a smooth curve between control points.

You create splines by specifying points.

• Click Home tab → Draw panel → Spline.

• Specify the start point for the spline.

• Specify points to create the spline, and press ENTER.

• Specify the start and end tangents.

Helix

👉 A helix is an open 2D or 3D spiral.

👉 You can use a helix as a path With the SWEEP command. For example, you might sweep a circle along a helix path to create a solid model of a spring.

When you create a helix, you can specify the following:

★ Base radius

★ Top radius

★ Height

★ Number of turns

★ Turn height

★ Twist direction

To Create Helix

• Click Home tab → Draw panel → Helix.

• Specify the center point for the base of the helix

• Specify the base radius.

• Specify the top radius or press ENTER to specify the same value as the base radius.

• Specify the height of the helix.

Isometric drawings

👉 Isometric drawings simulate a 3D object from a particular viewpoint by aligning along three major axes.

👉 By setting the isometric Snap/Grid, you can easily align objects along one of three isometric planes; however, although the isometric drawing appears to be 3D, it is actually a 2D representation.

👉 Once you set the snap style to isometric, you can work on any of three planes, each with an associated pair of axes:

• Left. Aligns snap and grid along 90- and 150-degree axes.

• Top. Aligns snap and grid along 30- and 150-degree axes.

• Right. Aligns snap and grid along 30- and 90-degree axes.

👉 Choosing one of the three isometric planes causes Ortho and the crosshairs to be aligned along the corresponding isometric axes. For example, when Ortho is on, the points you specify align along the simulated plane you are drawing on. Therefore, you can draw the top plane, switch to the left plane to draw another side, and switch to the right plane to complete the drawing.

left plane

right plane

To turn on an isometric plane

• In the Drafting Settings dialog box, Snap and Grid tab, under Snap Type, select Isometric Snap.

• Click OK.

Isometric Circles

👉 Represent circles on isometric planes using ellipses.

👉 If you are drawing on isometric planes, use an ellipse to represent a circle viewed from an oblique angle. The easiest way to draw an ellipse with the correct shape is to use the Isocircle option of Ellipse.

To draw an isometric circle

In the Drafting Settings dialog box, Snap and Grid tab, select Isometric Snap.

• Click OK.

• Click Draw, Ellipse, Axis, End.At the command prompt, enter ellipse.

• Enter i (Isocircle).

• Specify the center of the circle.

• Specify the radius or diameter of the circle.

THANK YOU. !

Autocad object snap and polar tracking

2017-09-05T10:02:00.000-07:00

Object Snaps

👉 Use object snaps to specify precise locations on objects. For example, you can use an object snap to draw a line to the center of a circle or to the midpoint of a polyline segment.

👉 You can specify an object snap whenever you are prompted for a point. By default, a marker and a tooltip are displayed when you move the cursor over an object snap location on an object. This feature, called AutoSnap™, provides a visual clue that indicates which object snaps are in effect.

The list of the snaps are

★ End point

★ Midpoint

★ Intersection

★ Extension

★ Apparent Intersection

★ Center

★ Node

★ Quadrant

★ Tangent

★ Nearest

★ Parallel

The specify an object snap at a prompt for point, you can

• Press SHIFT and right-click to display the Object Snap shortcut menu.

• Click an object snap button on the Object Snap toolbar.

• Enter the name of an object snap at the command prompt.

• On the status bar, right-click the object snap button.

👉 Object snaps include a visual aid called AutoSnap™ to help you see and use object snaps more efficiently. AutoSnap displays a marker and a tooltip when you move your cursor over an object snap location.

Autosnap consists of the following snap tools:

• Marker - Displays the object snap location when the cursor moves over or near an object Marker shape is dependent on the snap it is marking.

• Tooltip - Describes which part of the object you are snapping to in a small flag at the cursor location.

• Magnet - Attracts and locks the cursor onto the nearest detected snap points. Provides a visual cue, similar to snapping to a grid.

• Aperture box - Surrounds the crosshairs and defines an area within which object snaps are evaluated. You can choose to display or not display the aperture box, and you can change the aperture box size.

Ortho Made

👉 You can restrict cursor movement to horizontal and vertical for convenience and precision when creating and modifying objects.

👉 As you create or move objects, you can use Ortho mode to restrict the cursor to the horizontal or vertical axis. As you move the cursor, the rubber-band line follows the horizontal or vertical axis, whichever is nearest the cursor.

👉 The orientation of the current user coordinate system (UCS) determines the horizontal and vertical directions

👉 You can turn Ortho on and off at any time during drawing and editing. Ortho is ignored when you enter coordinates or specify an object snap. To turn Ortho on or off temporarily, hold down the temporary override key, SHIFT. While you use the temporary override key, the direct distance entry method is not available.

To turn on or turn off Ortho mode

★ On the status bar, click the Ortho button .

👉 To turn Ortho on or off temporarily, hold down the SHIFT key while you work. While you use the temporary override key, the direct distance entry method is not available.

Use Polar Tracking and PolarSnap

👉 Polar tracking restricts cursor movement to specified angles. PolarSnap restricts cursor movement to specified increments along a polar angle.

👉 When you are creating or modifying objects, you can use polar tracking to display temporary alignment paths defined by the polar angles you specify. in 3D views, polar tracking additionally provides an alignment path in the up and down directions. in that case, the tooltip displays a +Z or -Z for the angle.

👉 Polar angles are relative to the orientation of the current user coordinate system (UCS) and the setting for the base angle convention in a drawing. The angle base direction is set in the Drawing Units dialog box.

👉 Use PolarSnap™ to snap to specified distances along the alignment path. For example, in the following illustration you draw a two-unit line from point 1 to point 2, and then draw a two-unit line to point 3 at a 45-degree angle to the line. if you turn on the 45-degree polar angle increment, an alignment path and tooltip are displayed when your cursor crosses the 0 or 45-degree angle. The alignment path and tooltip disappear when you move the cursor away from the angle.

👉 You can use polar tracking to track along polar angle increments of 90, 60, 45, 30, 22.5, 18, 15, 10, and 5 degrees, or you can specify other angles. The following Illustration shows the alignment paths displayed as you move your cursor 90 degrees with the polar angle increment set to 30 degrees.

Color

color helps to group objects visually. you can assign colors to objects by layer or individually.

To set an ACI color for all new objects

• Click Home tab → Properties Panel → Object Color.

• In the Object Color drop-down list, click a color to draw all new objects in that color, or click Select Color to display the Select Color dialog box and do one of the following:

★ On the index color tab, click a color or enter the color name or number in the Color box.

• Click OK.

Linetype

👉 A linetype is a repeating pattern of dashes, dots, and blank spaces displayed in a line or a curve.

Load Linetypes

👉 At the start of a project, you load the linetypes that are required for the project so that they are available when you need them.

👉 If you want to know what linetypes are already available, you can display a list of linetypes that are loaded in the drawing or stored in an LIN (linetype definition) file.

To load a linetype

• Click Home tab → Properties Panel → Linetype.

• In the Linetype drop-down list, click Other. Then, in the Linetype Manager dialog box, click Load.

• In the Load or Reload Linetypes dialog box, select a linetype. Click OK.

★ If the linetype you need is not listed, click File. In the Select Linetype File dialog box, select an LIN file whose linetypes you want to list and click. The dialog box displays the linetype definitions stored in the selected LIN file.

★ Select a linetype. Click OK.

★ You can hold down CTRL to select several linetypes or SHIFT to select a range of linetypes.

• Click OK.

Lineweights

👉 Lineweights are width values that are assigned to graphical objects as well as some types of text.

👉 Using lineweights, you can create heavy and thin lines to show cuts in sections, depth in elevations, dimension lines and tick marks, and differences in details.

To set the display scale of lineweights on the Model tab

• Click Home tab → Properties Panel → Lineweight.

• In the Lineweight drop-down list, select Lineweight Settings.

• In the Line weight Settings dialog box, under Adjust Display Scale, move the slider to change the scale.

• Click OK.

Object properties

👉 Every object you draw has properties. Some properties are general and apply to most objects; for example, layer, color, linetype, and plot style. Other properties are object-specific; for example, the properties of a circle include radius and area, and the properties of a line include length and angle.

👉 You can display and change the current properties for any object in your drawing in the following ways:

• Open the Quick Properties palette to view and change the settings for selected properties of the object.

• Open the Properties palette and view and change the settings for all properties of the object.

Quick Properties Palette

👉 The Quick Properties palette lists the most commonly used properties for each object type or a set of objects.

👉 With the Quick Properties palette, for a selected object, you can access a sub-set of the properties that are accessible from the Properties palette. The Quick Properties palette is displayed when objects are selected.

Match properties

👉 You can copy some or all properties of one object to other objects using Match Properties.

👉 The types of properties that can be copied include, but are not limited to, color, layer, linetype, linetype Scale, lineweight, plot style, viewport property overrides, and 3D thickness.

👉 By default, all applicable properties are automatically copied from the first object you selected to the other objects. If you don't want a specific property or properties to be copied, use the setting option to suppress the copying of that property. you can choose the setting option at any time during the command.

To copy properties from one object to other objects

• Click Home tab → Clipboard Panel → Match Properties.

• Select the object whose properties you want to copy.

• If you want to control which properties are transferred, enter S (Settings). In the Property Settings dialog box, clear the items that you do not want copied (all are on by default). Click OK.

• Select the objects to which you want to apply the selected properties and press ENTER.

THANK YOU. !

Autocad Advanced Editing Commands

2017-09-04T08:45:00.002-07:00

Trim or Extend Objects

👉 You can shorten or lengthen objects to meet the edges of other objects.

👉 This means you can first create an object such as a line and then later adjust it to fit exactly between other objects.

👉 Objects you select as cutting edges or boundary edges are not required to intersect the object being trimmed. You can trim or extend an object to a projected edge or to an extrapolated intersection.

👉 You can trim objects so that they end precisely at boundary edges defined by other objects.

To trim an object

• Click Home tab → Modify Panel → Trim.

• Select the objects to serve as cutting edges.

★ To select all displayed objects as potential cutting edges, press Enter without selecting any objects.

• Select the objects to trim.

👉 When you trim several objects, the different selection methods can help you Choose the current cutting edges and objects to trim. In the following example, the Cutting edges are selected using crossing selection.

To extend an object

• Click Home tab → Modify Panel → Extend.

• Select the objects to serve as boundary edges.

★ To select all displayed objects as potential boundary edges, press Enter without selecting any objects.

• Select the objects to extend.

• Extending operates the same way as trimming. You can extend objects so they end precisely at boundary edges defined by other objects. in this example, you extend the lines precisely to a circle, which is the boundary edge.

Fillets

👉 A fillet connects two objects with an arc that is tangent to the objects and has a specified radius.

To fillet two line segments

• Click Home tab → Modify Panel → Fillet.

• select the first line.

• select the second line.

You can fillet

★ Arcs

★ Circles

★ Ellipses and elliptical arcs

★ Lines

★ Polylines

👉 The fillet radius is the radius of the arc that connects filleted objects. Changing the fillet radius affects subsequent fillets. If you set the fillet radius to 0, filleted objects are trimmed or extended until they intersect, but no arc is created.

Chamfer

👉 A chamfer connects two objects to meet in a flattened or beveled corner.

👉 A chamfer connects two objects with an angled line. It is usually used to represent a beveled edge on a corner.

You can chamfer

★ Lines

★ Polylines

To chamfer two nonparallel line segments

• Click Home tab → Modify Panel → Chamfer.

• Select the first line.

• Select the second line.

👉 The chamfer distance is the amount each object is trimmed or extended to meet the chamfer line or to intersect the other. If both chamfer distances are 0, chamfering trims or extends the two objects until they intersect but does not create a chamfer line. You can hold down Shift while selecting the objects to override the current chamfer distances with a value of 0.

Break

👉 You can break an object into two objects with or without a gap between them.

👉 Use BREAK to create a gap in an object, resulting in two objects with a gap between them. BREAK is often used to create space for block or text.

You can create breaks in most geometric objects except

★ Blocks

★ Dimensions

★ Mlines

• Click Home tab → Modify Panel → Break.

• Select the object to break.

👉 By default, the point at which you select the object is the first break point. To select a different pair of break points, enter f (First) and specify the first break point.

• Specify the second break point.

Join

👉 You can also join objects to make a single object.

👉 Use JOIN to combine similar objects into a single object. You can also create complete circles and ellipses from arcs and elliptical arcs. You can join

★ Arcs

★ Elliptical arcs

★ Lines

★ Polylines

★ Splines

👉 The object to which you want to join similar objects is called a source object. Objects to be joined must be located in the same plane.

To join objects

• Click Home tab → Modify Panel → Join.

• select the source object to which you want to join objects.

• select one or more objects to join to the source object.

Grip Editing

👉 Grips are small squares that are displayed at strategic points on objects that you have Selected with a pointing device. You can drag these grips to edit objects directly and quickly.

👉 You can drag grips to perform any stretch, move, rotate, scale, or mirror operations. The editing operation you choose to perform is called a grip mode.

Stretch with Grips

To stretch an object using grips

• Select the object to stretch.

• Select a base grip on the object.

★ The selected grip is highlighted, and Stretch, the default grip mode, is active.

• Move the pointing device and click.

★ The selected object is stretched as the grip moves.

Move with Grips

• Select the objects to move.

• Select a base grip on an object by clicking the grip.

• The selected grip is highlighted, and Stretch, the default grip mode, is active.

• Cycle through the grip modes by pressing Enter until the grip mode Move appears.

Rotate with Grips

• Select the objects to rotate.

• Select a base grip on an object by clicking the grip.

★ The selected grip is highlighted, and Stretch, the default grip mode, is active.

• Cycle through the grip modes by pressing Enter until the grip mode Rotate appears.

★ Alternatively, you can right-click to display shortcut menu modes and options.

• Move the pointing device and click.

★ The selected objects are rotated around the base grip.

Scale with Grips

• Select the objects to scale.

• Select a base grip on an object by clicking the grip.

★ The selected grip is highlighted, and Stretch, the default grip mode, is active.

• Cycle through the grip modes by pressing Enter until the grip mode Scale appears.

★ Alternatively, you can right-click to display shortcut menu modes and options.

• Enter the scale factor or drag and click to specify a new scale.

Mirror with Grips

• Select the objects to mirror.

• Select a base grip on an object by clicking the grip.

★ The selected grip is highlighted, and the default grip mode, Stretch, is active.

• Cycle through the grip modes by pressing Enter until the grip mode Mirror appears.

★ Alternatively, you can right-click to display shortcut menu modes and options.

• Click to Specify the second point of the mirror line.

THANK YOU. !

Autocad Editing The Objects

2017-09-03T05:22:00.000-07:00

Select Objects

👉 You have a wide range of options when you need to select objects for editing operations.

Select Objects Individually

👉 At the Select Objects prompt, you can select one or more objects individually.

👉 When the square pickbox cursor is in position to select an object, the object is highlighted. Click to select the object.

Select Multiple Objects

👉 Specify opposite corners to define a rectangular area. The background inside the area changes color and becomes transparent. The direction that you drag your cursor from the first point to the opposite corner determines which objects are selected.

★ Window selection. Drag your cursor from left to right to select only objects that are entirely enclosed by the rectangular area.

★ crossing selection. Drag your cursor from right to left to select objects that the rectangular window encloses or crosses.

👉 specify points to define an irregularly shaped area. Use window polygon selection to select objects entirely enclosed by the selection area. Use crossing polygon selection to select objects enclosed or crossed by the selection area.

👉 In a complex drawing, use a selection fence. A selection fence looks like a polyline and selects only the objects it passes through. The circuit board illustration shows a fence selecting several components.

Remove selection from multiple objects

👉 You can enter r (Remove) at the Select Objects prompt and use any selection option to remove objects from the selection set. If you are using the Remove option and want to return to adding objects to the selection set, enter a (Add).

👉 You can also remove objects from the current selection set by holding down Shift and selecting them again, or by holding down Shift and then clicking and dragging Window or crossing selections.

Modify Objects

Erase Objets

To erase an object

• Click Home tab → Modify Panel → Erase.

• At the Select Objects prompt, use a selection method to select the objects to be erased or enter an option:

★ Enter L (Last) to erase the last object drawn.

★ Enter P (Previous) to erase the last selection set.

★ Enter all to erase all objects from the drawing.

★ Enter ? to see a list of all selection methods.

• Press Enter to end the command.

To restore the last erased object

• At the Command prompt, enter oops.

Undo

👉 The simplest method of backtracking is to use Undo on the Standard toolbar or the U command to undo a single action. Many commands include their own U (undo) option so that you can correct mistakes without leaving the command.

👉 You can also undo several actions at once with the Undo list on the Standard toolbar.

Redo

👉 You can reverse the effect of a single U or UNDO command by using REDO immediately after using U or UNDO.

👉 You can also redo several actions at once with the Redo list on the Standard toolbar.

Move object

👉 You can move objects at a specified distance and direction from the originals.

👉 Move an object using the distance and direction specified by a base point followed by a second point. In this example, you move the block representing a window.

• Click Home tab → Modify panel → Move.

• Then select the object to be moved.

• Specify the base point for the move followed by a second point.

• The object is moved the distance and direction of 1st point to 2nd point.

Copy objects

👉 You can create duplicates of objects at a specified distance and direction from the originals.

👉 Copy an object using the distance and direction specified by a base point followed by a second point. In this example, you copy the block representing an electronic Component.

• Click Edit menu → Copy.

• Then select the original object to be copied.

• Specify the base point for the move followed by a second point.

• The object is copied the distance and direction of point 1 to point 2.

Array

👉 You can create copies of objects in a rectangular or polar (circular) pattern called an array.

👉 For rectangular arrays, you control the number of rows and columns and the distance between each. For polar arrays, you control the number of copies of the object and whether the copies are rotated. To create many regularly spaced objects, arraying is faster than copying.

👉 When you create a polar array, the array is drawn counterclockwise or clockwise, depending on whether you enter a positive or a negative value for the angle to fill.

👉 The radius of the array is determined by the distance from the specified center point to a reference or base point on the last selected object. You can use the default reference point (usually an arbitrary point that coincides with a snap point), or you can specify a new base point to be used as the reference point.

To create a rectangular array

• Click Home tab → Modify panel → Array.

• In the Array dialog box, select Rectangular Array.

• Click Select Objects.

★ The Array dialog box closes. You are prompted for object selection.

• Select the objects to be arrayed and press Enter.

• In the Rows and Columns boxes, enter the number of rows and columns in the array.

• Specify the horizontal and vertical spacing (offsets) between objects by using one of the following methods:

★ In the Row Offset and Column Offset boxes, enter the distance between rows and between columns. Adding a plus Sign (+) or a minus sign (-) determines direction.

★ The example box displays the result.

• To change the rotation angle of the array, enter the new angle next to angle of Array.

• The default angle 0 direction setting can also be changed in UNITS.

• Click OK to create the array.

To create a polar array

• Click Home tab → Modify panel → Array.

• In the Array dialog box, select Polar Array.

• Next to Center Point, do one of the following:

★ Enter an X value and a Y value for the center point of the polar array.

★ Click the Pick Center Point button. The Array dialog box closes and you are prompted for object selection. Use the pointing device to Specify the center point of the polar array.

• Click Select Objects.

★ The Array dialog box closes and you are prompted for object selection.

• Select the objects to be arrayed.

• In the Method box, select one of the following methods:

★ Total Number of items & angle to fill.

★ Total Number of items & angle between items.

★ Angle to fill & angle between items.

• Enter the number of items (including the original object), if available.

• Use one of the following methods:

★ Enter the angle to fill and angle between items, if available. Angle to fill specifies the distance to fill around the circumference of the array. Angle between items specifies the distance between each item.

★ Click the pick angle to fill button and the Pick Angle Between Items button. Use the pointing device to specify the angle to fill and the angle between items.

★ The example box displays the result.

• You can set any of the following options:

★ To rotate the objects as they are arrayed, select Rotate Items As Copied. The example area displays the result.

★ To specify the X,Y base point, select More, clear the Set to Object's Default option and enter values in the X and Y boxes, or click the Pick Base Point button and use the pointing device to specify the point.

• Click OK to create the array.

Mirror

👉 You can flip objects about a specified axis to create a symmetrical mirror image.

👉 Mirroring is useful for creating symmetrical objects because you can quickly draw half the Object and then mirror it instead of drawing the entire object.

👉 You flip objects about an axis called a mirror line to create a mirror image. To specify this temporary mirror line, you enter two points. You can choose whether to erase or retain the original objects.

To mirror objects in 2D

• Click Home tab → Modify panel → Mirror.

• Select the objects to mirror.

• Specify the first point of the mirror line.

• Specify the second point.

• Press Enter to retain the original objects, or enter y to erase them.

Offset

👉 Offset an object to create a new object whose shape parallels the shape of the original object.

👉 OFFSET creates a new object whose shape parallels the shape of a selected object. Offsetting a circle or an arc creates a larger or smaller circle or arc, depending on which side you specify for the offset.

You can offset

★ Lines

★ Arcs

★ Circles

★ Ellipses

★ 2D polylines

Rotate

👉 You can rotate objects in your drawing around a specified base point. Enter a rotation angle value from 0 to 360 degrees. You can also enter values in radians, grads, or surveyor bearings. Entering a positive angle value rotates the objects counter clockwise.

👉 Drag the object around the base point and specify a second point. Use Ortho mode, polar tracking, or object snaps for greater precision.

To rotate an object

• Click Home tab → Modify panel → Rotate.

• Select the object to rotate.

• Specify the base point for the rotation.

• Do one of the following:

★ Enter the angle of rotation.

★ Drag the object around its base point and specify a point location to which you want to rotate the object.

★ Enter C to create a copy of the selected objects.

★ Enter r to rotate the selected objects from a specified reference angle to an absolute angle.

Scale

👉 With SCALE, you can make an object uniformly larger or smaller. To scale an object, you specify a base point and a scale factor. Alternatively, you can specify a length to be used as a scale factor based on the current drawing units.

👉 A scale factor greater than 1 enlarges the object. A scale factor between 0 and 1 shrinks the object.

👉 Scaling changes the size of all dimensions of the selected object. A scale factor greater than 1 enlarges the object. A scale factor less than 1 shrinks the object.

👉 Scale Objects Using a Reference Distance

👉 You can also scale by reference. Scaling by reference uses an existing distance as a basis for the new size. To scale by reference, specify the current distance and then the new desired size. For example, if one side of an object is 4.8 units long and you want to expand it to 7.5 units, use 4.8 as the reference length.