FirstBlog

Moved to Wordpress

2014-07-05T10:58:00.003-07:00

Hello,

I am moved to Wordpress, because I can post Wordpress post from my assistant Android mobile

do check it out and like,comment on your favorite posts.
URL is
http://vivekjain1200.wordpress.com

thanks

Self realisation

2014-01-10T06:17:00.001-08:00

एक दिन एम्प्लाइज जब ऑफिस पहुंचे तो उन्हें गेट पर एक
बड़ा सा नोटिस लगा दिखा:
” इस कंपनी में जो व्यक्ति आपको आगे बढ़ने से रोक
रहा था कल उसकी मृत्यु हो गयी है.
हम आपको उसे आखिरी बार देखने का मौका दे रहे हैं ,
कृपया बारी-बारी से मीटिंग हॉल में जाएं और उसे देखने
का कष्ट करें .”
जो भी नोटिस पढता उसे पहले तो दुःख होता लेकिन फिर
जिज्ञासा हो जाती की आखिर वो कौन था जिसने
उसकी ग्रोथ रोक रखी थी … और वो हॉल की तरफ चल
देता …देखते देखते हॉल के बाहर काफी भीड़
इकठ्ठा हो गयी , गार्ड्स ने सभी को रोक रखा था और
उन्हें एक -एक कर के अन्दर जाने दे रहा था.
सबने देखा की अन्दर जाने वाला व्यक्ति काफी गंभीर
हो कर बाहर निकलता , मानो उसके किसी करीबी की मृत्यु
हुई हो !… इस बार अन्दर जाने की बारी एक पुराने
एम्प्लोयी की थी …उसे सब जानते
थे ,सबको पता था कि उसे हर एक चीज से शिकायत
रहती है …. कंपनी से , सहकर्मियों से , वेतन से हर एक
चीज से !
पर आज वो थोडा खुश लग रहा था …उसे
लगा कि चलो जिसकी वजह से उसकी लाइफ में
इतनी प्रोब्लम्स थीं वो गुजर गया
…अपनी बारी आते ही वो तेजी से ताबूत के पास पहुंचा और
बड़ी जिज्ञासा से उचक कर अन्दर झाँकने लगा …पर ये
क्या अन्दर तो एक बड़ा सा आइना रखा हुआ था.
यह देख वह क्रोधित हो उठा और जोर से चिल्लाने के हुआ
कि तभी उसे आईने के बगल में एक सन्देश लिखा दिखा -
“इस दुनिया में केवल एक ही व्यक्ति है जो आपकी ग्रोथ
रोक सकता है और वो आप खुद हैं . इस पूरे संसार में आप
वो अकेले व्यक्ति हैं जो आपकी ज़िन्दगी में
क्रांति ला सकता है .
आपकी ज़िन्दगी तब नहीं बदलती जब आपका बॉस
बदलता है , जब आपके दोस्त बदलते हैं , जब आपके
पार्टनर बदलते हैं , या जब आपकी कंपनी बदलती है ….
ज़िन्दगी तब बदलती है जब आप बदलते हैं , जब आप
अपनी लिमिटिंग बिलीफ्स तोड़ते हैं , जब आप इस बात
को रीयलाईज करते हैं कि अपनी ज़िंदगी के लिए सिर्फ
और सिर्फ आप जिम्मेदार हैं .
सबसे अच्छा रिश्ता जो आप बना सकते हैं वो खुद से
बनाया रिश्ता है . खुद को देखिये , समझिये …
कठिनाइयों से घबराइए नहीं उन्हें पीछे छोडिये …
विजेता बनिए , खुद का विकास करिए और अपनी उस
वास्तविकता का निर्माण करिये जिसका करना चाहते हैं !
दुनिया एक आईने की तरह है :
वो इंसान को उसके शशक्त विचारों का प्रतिबिम्ब प्रदान
करती है . ताबूत में पड़ा आइना दरअसल आपको ये
बताता है की जहाँ आप अपने विचारों की शक्ति से
अपनी दुनिया बदल सकते हैं वहां आप जीवित होकर
भी एक मृत के समान जी रहे हैं।
इसी वक़्त दफना दीजिये उस पुराने ’मैं’ को और एक नए
’मैं’ का सृजन कीजिये !!!”
ठलुओ आपको ये स्टोरी कैसी लगी जरुर बताएं; और
ज्यादा से ज्यादा शेयर करके और लोगो तक पहुचाये।

Posted via Blogaway

Jain bhajan

2013-10-16T10:57:00.000-07:00

Baje kundalpur main badhai , Mahaveer bhakti, Jain Bhakti songs, Jain darshan song.

sample Photo from LG optimus L7 P715 8.0 MP camera

2013-10-16T00:31:00.001-07:00

Friends,
posting some awesome clicks taken by my phone

Kavita Desk Ke Name

2012-12-18T05:25:00.002-08:00

********** कविता देश के नाम*******
नाम देखो अफ़ज़ल का आया ,लेखनी भी मेरी शरमिदा है,
कहाँ गया आज मंगल पांडे , जो ये आतंकी ज़िंदा है..

कूल ड्यूड के चक्कर मे आज युवा है बहक गया..
वंदे मातरम कहने वाला देश प्रेमी कहाँ दुबक गया..

अखंड भारत की एकता का सिर हम न्ही झुकने देंगे.
सौगंध गंगा की खाते है FDI नही घुसने देंगे.
भारत माता का यशोगान सारे जहाँ मे लहराएगा
मौका पड़ने पर यही युवा हाथ मे लाठी लेकर आएगा.

बहा लहू रखी लाज़ जो क्या वह मिट्टी मे मिलने दोगे??
लगा देर क्या एक बार फिर संसद हिलने दोगे ?

माताएँ विधवाएँ माँगती आज हिसाब हैं
अफ़ज़ल जैसे कई और गद्दार वर्तमान के कसाब हैं.
----------------------------- विवेक जैन

ITC cuts 14 CRORE Trees per YEAR!!!

2012-10-16T07:05:00.004-07:00

Source : http://www.lawyersclubindia.com/forum/Amercan-s-ITC-company-cuts-14-Crore-tree-every-year--33289.asp#.UH1oxq6HLgs

Indian Tobacco Company (ITC) which is formerly known as American Tobacco Company (ATC) when started its business in India at around 1940 with its paid up capital of just Rs.38 crore.

This ITC company has changed only its name but still holds by America and every year's its Net Profit is Rs.3120 crore.

This company cuts around 1 tree on every 500 cigarettes its makes and cuts around 14 crore tree every year.

5 lacs people die every year because of cancer due to this company.

In India a poor common man cannot cut tree to make his meal but this ITC company can cut 14 crore trees every year just to make cigarettes and spread cancer to all Indians.

This stupid Government allows this American Company to cut 14 crore trees every year and says us that we are facing the problem of Global Warming please plant trees.

What stupidity is going on?

ksh Date Validation.

2012-09-25T06:40:00.002-07:00

#!/bin/ksh
# usage: vdate.shl where date = month/day/year
# valid for date = or > 10/04/1582 -- start of Gregorian calendar
#http://www.unix.com/shell-programming-scripting/108048-validate-date-format-argument.html

isleapyr()
{
    isleap=0
    if [[ $(( ${1} % 400 )) -eq 0 ||
          $(( ${1} % 4 )) -eq 0 && $(( ${1} % 100 )) -ne 0 ]]
    then
       isleap=1
    fi
}

isvaliddate()
{
     typeset -i day=$1
     typeset -i month=$2
     typeset -i year=$3
    set -A arr 31 28 31 30 31 30 31 31 30 31 30 31

     if [[ $year -lt 34 ]] ; then # assume 2000
         year=$(( $year + 2000 ))
     fi
     if [[ $year -gt 33 && $year -lt 100 ]] ; then # assume 1900
         year=$(( $year + 1900 ))
     fi

     isleapyr $year
    if [[ $isleap -eq 1 ]] ; then
        arr[1]=29;
    fi

     if [[ $month -gt 0 && $month -lt 13 ]] ; then
         month=$(( $month - 1 ))
         if [[ $day -gt 0 && $day -le ${arr[month]} ]] ; then
             return 0
         fi
     fi
     return 1
}

#echo "$1" | tr -s '/' ' ' | read month day year
echo "date = "$1
month =`$1| cut -c1-2`
echo " month = "$month
#isvaliddate $day $month $year
#if [[ $? -eq 0 ]] ; then
# echo "$1 ok"
#else
# echo "$1 not ok"
#fi
#

Jain Library and Pravchan

2012-09-21T23:04:00.000-07:00

http://library.jain.org/

Know Why to Oppose FDI in retail

2012-09-21T08:53:00.003-07:00

http://www.bhaskar.com/article/NAT-pros-and-cons-of-fdi-in-retail-3809347-NOR.html?seq=8&HT1a=

For Entrepreneurs

2012-09-21T07:56:00.002-07:00

For Entrepreneurs

Take Owner ship of whatsoever Happens done by whatever in your Company.
Business Plan. define what success means.

good strategy.. well executed is excellent.

Good strategy.. Not executed is worst.
high level approach.. don't be afraid to get advice.

Motivation

2012-09-21T07:33:00.003-07:00

1.    Don’t allow any negative thought At least for 21 Day
2.    Don’t let other define your Goal.
3.    Make your Body Language Positive.
4.    Not to waste your time.
5.    Each moment is costly. Be Alert.
6.    Be Expressive.
7.    Luck is meeting point of alertness of your mind and the Opportunities Passing by.

Thanks to Mr. Rajesh for Motivation.

http://www.rajeshaggarwal.in/index.php

SUCCESS IS NEVER FINAL......

2012-09-21T07:19:00.003-07:00

SUCCESS IS NEVER FINAL......
FAILURE IS NEVER FATAL!

Don't miss last 2 Questions...

Some, rather most organizations reject his CV today because he has changed jobs frequently (10 in 14 years). My friend, the ˜job hopper™ (referred here as Mr. JH), does not mind it. well he does not need to mind it at all. Having worked full-time with 10 employer companies in just 14 years gives Mr. JH the relaxing edge that most of the ˜company loyal™ employees are struggling for today. Today, Mr. JH too is laid off like some other 14-15 year experienced guys “ the difference being the latter have just worked in 2-3 organizations in the same number of years. Here are the excerpts of an interview with Mr. JH:

Q: Why have you changed 10 jobs in 14 years?

A: To get financially sound and stable before getting laid off the second time.

Q: So you knew you would be laid off in the year 2009?

A: Well I was laid off first in the year 2002 due to the first global economic slowdown. I had not got a full-time job before January 2003 when the economy started looking up; so I had struggled for almost a year without job and with compromises.

Q: Which number of job was that?
A: That was my third job.

Q: So from Jan 2003 to Jan 2009, in 6 years, you have changed 8 jobs to make the count as 10 jobs in 14 years?

A: I had no other option. In my first 8 years of professional life, I had worked only for 2 organizations thinking that jobs are deserved after lot of hard work and one should stay with an employer company to justify the saying ˜employer loyalty™. But I was an idiot.

Q: Why do you say so?

A: My salary in the first 8 years went up only marginally. I could not save enough and also, I had thought that I had a ˜permanent™ job, so I need not worry about ˜what will I do if I lose my job™. I could never imagine losing a job because of economic slowdown and not because of my performance. That was January 2002.

Q: Can you brief on what happened between January 2003 and 2009.

A: Well, I had learnt my lessons of being ˜company loyal™ and not ˜money earning and saving loyal™. But then you can save enough only when you earn enough. So I shifted my loyalty towards money making and saving “ I changed 8 jobs in 6 years assuring all my interviewers about my stability.

Q: So you lied to your interviewers; you had already planned to change the job for which you were being interviewed on a particular day?

A: Yes, you can change jobs only when the market is up and companies are hiring. You tell me “ can I get a job now because of the slowdown? No. So one should change jobs for higher salaries only when the market is up because that is the only time when companies hire and can afford the expected salaries.

Q: What have you gained by doing such things?

A: That's the question I was waiting for. In Jan 2003, I had a fixed salary (without variables) of say Rs. X p.a. In January 2009, my salary was 8X. So assuming my salary was Rs.3 lakh p.a. in Jan 2003, my last drawn salary in Jan 2009 was Rs.24 lakh p.a. (without variable). I never bothered about variable as I had no intention to stay for 1 year and go through the appraisal process to wait for the company to give me a hike.

Q: So you decided on your own hike?

A: Yes, in 2003, I could see the slowdown coming again in future like it had happened in 2001-02. Though I was not sure by when the next slowdown would come, I was pretty sure I wanted a ˜debt-free™ life before being laid off again. So I planned my hike targets on a yearly basis without waiting for the year to complete.

Q: So are you debt-free now?

A: Yes, I earned so much by virtue of job changes for money and spent so little that today I have a loan free 2 BR flat (1200 sq.. feet) plus a loan free big car without bothering about any EMIs. I am laid off too but I do not complain at all. If I have laid off companies for money, it is OK if a company lays me off because of lack of money.

Q: Who is complaining?

A: All those guys who are not getting a job to pay their EMIs off are complaining. They had made fun of me saying I am a job hopper and do not have any company loyalty. Now I ask them what they gained by their company loyalty; they too are laid off like me and pass comments to me “ why will you bother about us, you are already debt-free. They were still in the bracket of 12-14 lakh p.a. when they were laid off.

Q: What is your advice to professionals?

A: Like Narayan Murthy had said “ love your job and not your company because you never know when your company will stop loving you. In the same lines, love yourself and your family needs more than the company's needs. Companies can keep coming and going; family will always remain the same. Make money for yourself first and simultaneously make money for the company, not the other way around.

Q: What is your biggest pain point with companies?

A: When a company does well, its CEO will address the entire company saying, ˜well done guys, it is YOUR company, keep up the hard work, I am with you. But when the slowdown happens and the company does not do so well, the same CEO will say, It is MY company and to save the company, I have to take tough decisions including asking people to go. So think about your financial stability first; when you get laid off, your kids will complain to you and not your boss.

Unix Shell Interview question part-1

2012-09-14T07:20:00.002-07:00

Unix Shell Interview question part-1

In shell scripting How to indentify that the previous command was run successfully?
•    How will you write a shell script to connect to SQL database?
•    What does UID and GID signify?
•    What are the different security mechanisms available in UNIX?

Unix is having 3 ways of Security Mechanism:

1. By granting or revoking File permissions. Owner or Admin can change permissions to be given to group or others by using chmod command in Unix.

2. Login is restricted using login credentials (User name and Password).

3. Password is kept in encrypted format in the file /etc/passwd

•    What are the different types of shells available in UNIX?
•    How many users have logged in and logged out in last five or 10 minutes. Last command gives last logins of user.

•    How do you search the string for vowel's occurrence and number of occurrences of each vowel
•    What is make used for? How is it different from a shell script?
•    How to compare floating point number in shell scripting .
•    How to delete a word from a file using shell scripting???
•    How to extract the second row of a text-file?
•    How to compare two floating point numbers?
•    How to compress files by using shell scripting
•    What are the steps to take files from unix server to windows?
•    How to find see the file which is created today,s date with time after 10 a.m to 5 p.m?
•    What is the basic difference u find between a shell script and perl.I mean the advantages of one over

•    What is use of "cut" command ? Give some examples. Can we use "awk" or "sed"
•    How Connect to a Database in Shell Programming? Please tell me Step by Step?

•    What is this line in the shell script do #!/bin/ksh?
•    Write a shell script to identify the given string is palindrome or not?
•    What is the difference between writing code in shell and editor?
•    What is INODE?
•    What is the difference between a 'thread' and a 'process'?   Process uses its own own state information, use their own address spaces, and only interact with each other via interprocess communication mechanisms (generally managed by the operating system).

Process contains threads.

A single process might contains multiple threads; all threads within a process share the same state and same memory space, and can communicate with each other directly, because they share the same variables.

•    What does $# stand for? –total number of parameteres
•    What is $*? – All Arguments
•    If you have a string "one two three", Which shell command would you use to extract the strings?
•    What is the difference between a shell variable that is exported and the one that is not exported?
•    How will you list only the empty lines in a file (using grep)?   Grep “^$” file_name

Count the number of empty lines:
grep -c '^$' list.txt

•    How do you schedule a command to run at 4:00 every morning?
By Cron

0 4 * * *

Syntax

min hour DayOfMonth Month dayOfWeek Command

{MHDMD C} shortcut to remember

1.0    Format
Field name    Mandatory?    Allowed values    Allowed special characters
Minutes    Yes    0-59    * / , -
Hours    Yes    0-23    * / , -
Day of month    Yes    1-31    * / , - ? L W
Month    Yes    1-12 or JAN-DEC    * / , -
Day of week    Yes    0-6 or SUN-SAT    * / , - ? L #
Year    No    1970–2099    * / , -

•    How do u open a read only file in Unix?
•    What are the different kinds of loops available in shell script? – For, While, Until,

Name                                 ID Number

/dev/stdin                          0
/dev/stdout                       1
/dev/stderr                        2

W    whoami    Who    Finger [ Or f]
•    Tells Idle Time
•    who is logged in, and what are they doing

    •    display your username    •    identifies the users currently logged in    •    Tells Idle Time
•    display information about users

Difference.

Soft link    Hard Link
•    Symbolic link ‘is’ a file that only contains the pathname of another file or directory. it is created with ln –s

•    Operation on the symbolic link is directed to the file pointed by the it

•    A softlink fills the same role as a Windows shortcut

•    ln -s [target] [link name]

•    Creating a softlink is creating a new file, and will consume a small amount (usually 4KB) of space on your filesystem.

•    If the original file is deleted, then all softlinks to it become invalid
    •    when you create a hardlink, you are creating another pointer to the data location on disk, not a pointer to the existing file.

•    That means that editing a hard link of a file is equivalent to editing the original instance of the file.

•    You can’t use a hardlink to link to a directory.

Because a hardlink is a direct reference to the underlying filesystem, you can’t hardlink across filesystems.

•    With a hardlink, you can delete any of the instances, including the original, and as long as at least one instance exists the file will remain on the system.

•

http://techthrob.com/2010/09/26/softlinks-vs-hardlinks-a-quick-explanation/

SQL Interview Question part-1

2012-09-14T07:06:00.001-07:00

SQL Interview Question part-1

1. What do you understand by SQL?

2. What are different phases of normalization?

3. Explain different kinds of keys used in Database?

4. What is the difference between primary and unique key?

Answer:

Primary key and Unique key enforce Uniqueness of the column on which they are defined.

But by default PK creates Clustered index on Col and Unique creates Non-Clustered index.

PK does not allow Null, whereas Unique Key allows one NULL only.

5. What are constraints?

6. Explain different types of constraints with an example?

1.0             DELETE

The DELETE command is used to remove rows from a table. A WHERE clause can be used to only remove some rows . If no WHERE condition is specified, all rows will be removed. After performing a DELETE operation you need to COMMIT or ROLLBACK the transaction to make the change permanent or to undo it.

Note that this operation will cause all DELETE triggers on the table to fire.

2.0             TRUNCATE

TRUNCATE removes all rows from a table. The operation cannot be rolled back and no triggers will be fired. As such, TRUNCATE is faster and doesn't use as much undo space as a DELETE.

3.0             DROP

The DROP command removes a table from the database. All the tables' rows, indexes and privileges will also be removed. No DML triggers will be fired. The operation cannot be rolled back.

DELETE


TRUNCATE


DROP

you need to COMMIT or ROLLBACK

few Rows also can be delete

the table structure remains the same,


The operation cannot be rolled back

TRUNCATE is faster than Delete

Used to remove whole table

the table structure remains the same,



The operation cannot be rolled back.

the table structure is also deleted.

JOINS

    JOIN: Return rows when there is at least one match in both tables
    LEFT JOIN: Return all rows from the left table, even if there are no matches in the right table
    RIGHT JOIN: Return all rows from the right table, even if there are no matches in the left table
    FULL JOIN: Return rows when there is a match in one of the tables

SQL INNER JOIN Keyword

The INNER JOIN keyword return rows when there is at least one match in both tables.

SQL INNER JOIN Syntax

SELECT column_name(s)

FROM table_name1

INNER JOIN table_name2

ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name

Example:

1


SELECT selection_list

2


FROM table_A

3


INNER JOIN table_B ON join_condition

4


WHERE row_conditions.

We can simplify the inner join as



1 SELECT productID,productName,categoryName

2


FROM products, categories







3


WHERE products.categoryID = categories.categoryID

SQL LEFT JOIN (LEFT OUTER JOIN) Keyword

The LEFT JOIN keyword returns all rows from the left table (table_name1), even if there are no matches in the right table (table_name2).

SQL LEFT JOIN Syntax

          SELECT column_name(s)

FROM table_name1

LEFT JOIN table_name2

ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name

PS: In some databases LEFT JOIN is called LEFT OUTER JOIN.

SQL RIGHT JOIN Keyword

PS: In some databases RIGHT JOIN is called RIGHT OUTER JOIN.

The RIGHT JOIN keyword returns all the rows from the right table (table_name2), even if there are no matches in the left table (table_name1).

SQL RIGHT JOIN Syntax

SELECT column_name(s)

FROM table_name1

RIGHT JOIN table_name2

ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name

SQL FULL JOIN Keyword

The FULL JOIN keyword return rows when there is a match in one of the tables.

SQL FULL JOIN Syntax

SELECT column_name(s)

FROM table_name1

FULL JOIN table_name2

ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name

4.0         The SQL UNION Operator

The UNION operator is used to combine the result-set of two or more SELECT statements.

Notice that each SELECT statement within the UNION must have the same number of columns. The columns must also have similar data types. Also, the columns in each SELECT statement must be in the same order.

       i.            SQL UNION Syntax

SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1
UNION
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name2

Note: The UNION operator selects only distinct values by default. To allow duplicate values, use UNION ALL. That’s why union is slower than UNION ALL.

     ii.            SQL UNION ALL Syntax

SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1
UNION ALL
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name2

PS: The column names in the result-set of a UNION are always equal to the column names in the first SELECT statement in the UNION.

5.0    Oracle/PLSQL: Oracle System Tables

Below is an alphabetical listing of the Oracle system tables that are commonly used.

System Table


Description

ALL_ARGUMENTS


Arguments in object accessible to the user

ALL_CATALOG


All tables, views, synonyms, sequences accessible to the user

ALL_COL_COMMENTS


Comments on columns of accessible tables and views

ALL_CONSTRAINTS


Constraint definitions on accessible tables

ALL_CONS_COLUMNS


Information about accessible columns in constraint definitions

ALL_DB_LINKS


Database links accessible to the user

ALL_ERRORS


Current errors on stored objects that user is allowed to create

ALL_INDEXES


Descriptions of indexes on tables accessible to the user

ALL_IND_COLUMNS


COLUMNs comprising INDEXes on accessible TABLES

ALL_LOBS


Description of LOBs contained in tables accessible to the user

ALL_OBJECTS


Objects accessible to the user

ALL_OBJECT_TABLES


Description of all object tables accessible to the user

ALL_SEQUENCES


Description of SEQUENCEs accessible to the user

ALL_SNAPSHOTS


Snapshots the user can access

ALL_SOURCE


Current source on stored objects that user is allowed to create

ALL_SYNONYMS


All synonyms accessible to the user

ALL_TABLES


Description of relational tables accessible to the user -- It list the percentage of Used space as well.

ALL_TAB_COLUMNS


Columns of user's tables, views and clusters

ALL_TAB_COL_STATISTICS


Columns of user's tables, views and clusters

ALL_TAB_COMMENTS


Comments on tables and views accessible to the user

ALL_TRIGGERS


Triggers accessible to the current user

ALL_TRIGGER_COLS


Column usage in user's triggers or in triggers on user's tables

ALL_TYPES


Description of types accessible to the user

ALL_UPDATABLE_COLUMNS


Description of all updatable columns

ALL_USERS


Information about all users of the database

ALL_VIEWS


Description of views accessible to the user

DATABASE_COMPATIBLE_LEVEL


Database compatible parameter set via init.ora

DBA_DB_LINKS


All database links in the database

DBA_ERRORS


Current errors on all stored objects in the database

DBA_OBJECTS


All objects in the database

DBA_ROLES


All Roles which exist in the database

DBA_ROLE_PRIVS


Roles granted to users and roles

DBA_SOURCE


Source of all stored objects in the database

DBA_TABLESPACES


Description of all tablespaces

DBA_TAB_PRIVS


All grants on objects in the database

DBA_TRIGGERS


All triggers in the database

DBA_TS_QUOTAS


Tablespace quotas for all users

DBA_USERS


Information about all users of the database

DBA_VIEWS


Description of all views in the database

DICTIONARY


Description of data dictionary tables and views

DICT_COLUMNS


Description of columns in data dictionary tables and views

GLOBAL_NAME


global database name

NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS


Permanent NLS parameters of the database

NLS_INSTANCE_PARAMETERS


NLS parameters of the instance

NLS_SESSION_PARAMETERS


NLS parameters of the user session

PRODUCT_COMPONENT_VERSION


version and status information for component products

ROLE_TAB_PRIVS


Table privileges granted to roles

SESSION_PRIVS


Privileges which the user currently has set

SESSION_ROLES


Roles which the user currently has enabled.

SYSTEM_PRIVILEGE_MAP


Description table for privilege type codes. Maps privilege type numbers to type names

TABLE_PRIVILEGES


Grants on objects for which the user is the grantor, grantee, owner, or an enabled role or PUBLIC is the grantee

TABLE_PRIVILEGE_MAP


Description table for privilege (auditing option) type codes. Maps privilege (auditing option) type numbers to type names

COMMAND TYPE


Command names

Data Definition Language (DDL) Statements



· Create, alter, and drop schema objects

· Grant and revoke privileges and roles

[CAD GR]

These are AUTOCOMMIT

6.0             Data Manipulation Language (DML) Statements



·         CALL

·         DELETE

·         EXPLAIN PLAN

·         INSERT

·         LOCK TABLE

·         MERGE

·         SELECT

·         UPDATE

[UDI-SM]

NOT AUTOCOMMIT

7.0             Transaction Control Statements (TCL)



·         COMMIT

·         ROLLBACK

·         SAVEPOINT

·         SET TRANSACTION

Used to manage changes done by DML command

8.0             Session Control Statements



·         ALTER SESSION

·         SET ROLE

9.0              Data Control Language (DCL)


GRANT

REVOKE









What are the predefined oracle exceptions?

Following is the predefined oracle exceptions

No_data_found
Too_many_rows
Zero_divide
Login_denied
Program_error
Timeout_on_resource
Invalid_cursor
Cursor_already_open
Dup_val_on_index

Explain user defined exceptions in oracle.

User defined exception in oracle are defined by the user. They need to be explicitly raised by the user using the RAISE statement. Oracle is not aware of these exceptions unless declared.

Example:
DECLARE
        Trans EXCEPTION;
BEGIN
IF TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, ‘DY’)= ‘SUN’ THEN
RAISE Trans;
END IF
EXCEPTION
WHEN trans THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘No transactions today’);
END;

What are SQL functions in oracle?

There are two types of functions –

Single row that operates row by row . Functions that fall under single functions are Date, Numeric, Character, Conversion and miscellaneous function

Group function operates on multiple rows. Functions that fall under group functions are avg, max, min, count, and sum.

CURSOR

A cursor is a variable that runs through the tuples of some relation. This relation can be a stored table, or it can be the answer to some query.

There are different types of cursors but broadly classified into two :

Implicit cursor

Explicit cursor.

Every query that we issue on a database is an implicit cursor for eg. a select, an update, a delete etc.

On the other hand explicit cursor is a user defined cursor eg: cursor explicit_cur.

हिंदी दिवस की ढेर सारी बधाई!!

2012-09-14T03:20:00.000-07:00

भारत को हिंद बनाये ऐसी अपनी हिन्दी है
जो सबके दिल को भाए ऐसी अपनी हिन्दी है

हिन्दू हैं हम , हिंद राष्ट्र हमारा , सम्मान अपनी हिन्दी है

!! हिंदी दिवस की ढेर सारी बधाई !!

News Papers!

2012-09-13T06:04:00.000-07:00

Friends,

have been observing from few years, Some newsPaper just dont display news they want to sell their ad items what they are being paid for, They forget their Duty , which is to show correct News with correct Display as well, Not just ads.

Links for Reading Hindi News

http://www.sumanasa.com/hindinews/

Haribhoomi , One of my favourite , since it has no Popups (and pop Downs)

http://epaper.haribhoomi.com/epapermain.aspx

http://aajtak.intoday.in/

English loving people can land off here :)

http://www.sumanasa.com/

popup loving people can go to time of India (well known to all)

http://www.bhaskar.com/ also has lots popup, they will keep you juggled for few minutes :D

leaderShip

2012-08-27T00:19:00.000-07:00

Five skills that build leadership depth

1. Emotional Intelligence: The leaders should develop Intra-personal and Inter-personal intelligence. It helps you be more successful in your interactions with stake holders.

2. Challenge others: Declare objectives and offer opportunities for people to stretch their thinking and adapt the right behavior to achieve those objectives. Set the expectation that everyone, including you, should improve their skills.

3. Coaching: While you challenge people, remember that the members may not have the right skills. Conduct short coaching sessions to build the skills. Make sure that the members are clear about the goal during these coaching session for enhanced effectiveness. Give and receive feedback in the subsequent coaching sessions.

4. Walk the talk: There has to be a congruence between feeling, thinking, saying and doing. This helps the members observe consistency in the leaders’ behavior and the leader is considered as reliable.

5. Be transparent: A leader has to make sure that he/she shares the similar information with all his/her team members. Team members should be aware of the information specially which is relevant to them.

Useful KSHs

2012-08-26T23:51:00.000-07:00

a=-300
b=400
c=`expr $a \* $b`
if ( $c >= 0 )
then
echo "Postim\n"
else
echo "negative\n"
fi

---------------------
# this will move and archive the file

echo "starting    `date %y%m%d    `"

from="/local/app/bdsapp/src/TD/some.txt"

to="/local/app/bdsapp/src/TD/FTPed"

mv $from $to`date +%d-%b-%Y`

x=$?

echo "status is $x"

exit 0

-*------------------

#!/bin/sh

a=0
while [ "$a" -lt 10 ]    # this is loop1
do
   echo "A is now "$a
   a=`expr $a + 1`
done

###### Try Zone
#yyyy=2009
#mm=01
#dd=01;

#for mm in

#echo File is $mm;

#done
.----------------------

ways of THANK YOU

2012-08-24T21:13:00.000-07:00

Page 1 of 1 2/18/08

67 ways to say “thank you”

Great job! Nice work! Way to go! I applaud you.

I couldn’t have done it without you. You’re the best!

WOW! You’re fantastic! You rock!

You’re on top of things! I’m truly grateful! Super job!

You’re a winner! You’re a joy to work with. I’m impressed!

Sensational! No one holds a candle to you.

Bravo! Great work! You are spectacular! Hip! Hip! Hooray!

You are incredible! Well done! YOU ARE TERRIFIC!

Excellent! A+ Job! Hurray for you! You are a team player!

You make me look good! High five! I’m proud of you!

You are fun to work with! That’s a great idea!

You’re doing a super job! Kudos!

lÉâËÜx t zÜxtà xåtÅÑÄx yÉÜ Éà{xÜá4 You’re super!

The time you put in really shows!

You are unstoppable! I appreciate your work.

I appreciate you. Superb! Phenomenal!

I enjoy working with you! You’re on target.

Your contribution is important. Outstanding!

Congratulations! Remarkable job!

You are so creative. Right on! A-OK! You’re a treasure!

Awesome! You made my day! Dynamite!

You are truly appreciated. Good job! You’re a real trooper!

Fantastic! You make my job so much easier.

Exceptional performance! Amazing! What a great imagination!

BINGO! Good thinking! You are an important member of the

team.

Smile, smile, smile!

Remember, a smile is worth a thousand words!

www.performanceSolutions.nc.gov/motivationInitiatives/RewardsandRecognition/ACultureofReco

gnition/67WaystoSayThankYou.pdf

DOS script

2012-08-23T23:38:00.002-07:00

Color changer

@echo off

color a

msg * alt+enter=fullscreen

echo This Is The Magnadox

pause

:a

color a3

color b3

color c2

color e5

color b4

goto :a

---**************-----------

mail

start IExplore https://mail.bluewareFirm.net/owa/?ae=Item&New&t=IPM.Note

---

NOTEPAD SOME.TXT

---

GTI

@echo off

' start IEXPLORE.EXE %userprofile%\Favorites\4 GTI With Non Depth.url

' "start /d" IEXPLORE.EXE %userprofile%\Favorites\4 GTI With Non Depth.url

start IExplore https://mail.bluewareFirm.net/owa/?ae=Item&New&t=IPM.Note

abc ...{tab} click

--------

Folder creation

@echo off

mkdir "Files"

mkdir "Noncash"

--------

Desktop

Option Explicit

Dim WSHShell, strDesktop

Set WSHShell = WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell")

strDesktop = WSHShell.SpecialFolders("Desktop")

WSHShell.AppActivate strDesktop

WSHShell.SendKeys "{F5}"

WSHShell.SendKeys "{F5}"

WSHShell.SendKeys "{F5}"

WSHShell.SendKeys "{F5}"

WSHShell.SendKeys "{F5}"

WSHShell.SendKeys "{F5}"

WSHShell.SendKeys "{F5}"

WSHShell.SendKeys "{F5}"

WSHShell.SendKeys "{F5}"

WSHShell.SendKeys "{F5}"

WSHShell.SendKeys "{F5}"

WSHShell.SendKeys "{F5}"

WSHShell.SendKeys "{F5}"

WSHShell.SendKeys "{F5}"

WSHShell.SendKeys "{F5}"

WSHShell.SendKeys "{F5}"

WSHShell.SendKeys "{F5}"

WSHShell.SendKeys "{F5}"

WSHShell.SendKeys "{F5}"

WSHShell.SendKeys "{F5}"

WSHShell.SendKeys "{F5}"

WSHShell.SendKeys "{F5}"

WSHShell.SendKeys "{F5}"

WSHShell.SendKeys "{F5}"

WSHShell.SendKeys "{F5}"

WSHShell.SendKeys "{F5}"

WSHShell.SendKeys "{F5}"

WSHShell.SendKeys "{F5}"

WSHShell.SendKeys "{F5}"

WSHShell.SendKeys "{F5}"

WScript.Quit

*-----------------------*

set classpath

@echo off

echo You Are going to creata Java Class

set CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;C:\Documents and Settings\vivinn\Desktop\Mix Stuff\server chat\SLA Java files

echo Your java CLASSPATHPath succsussfully set.

echo Successfully Compiled

java GCH_Home_Loan_Data_Cust_Advice_DAO

pause

********----------------------------***

Start An URL

@echo off

start IEXPLORE.EXE %userprofile%\Favorites\4 GTI With Non Depth.url

rem start ctrl T IEXPLORE.EXE about:blank

rem abc

VB Script Amazing.

2012-08-23T23:35:00.001-07:00

Alt TAB

'VBScript Example
' Helps to Keep ur PC alive.. it keeps swithing windows within 10 seconds..
' 10000 mseconds = 10 seconds..
' For stopping this VBS , open task manager , go to process, search for "wscript.exe" and kill(end process) it

Set WshShell = WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
do
' NOTE: dont reduce these seconds to less then 4000 , otherwise ur PC will go hang...
WScript.Sleep 4000
wshshell.Sendkeys("%+{TAB}")
' NOTE: dont reduce these seconds to less then 4000 , otherwise ur PC will go hang...
REM WScript.Sleep 10000
wshshell.Sendkeys("%+{TAB}")
loop

------------
OUtlook

Set WshShell = WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell")

WshShell.Run "Outlook"

WScript.Sleep 2500 ' Give Outlook some time to load

WshShell.SendKeys "^{n}"

WScript.Sleep 1000

WshShell.SendKeys "abc@gmail"

WshShell.SendKeys "{TAB}"
WshShell.SendKeys "{TAB}"
WshShell.SendKeys "abc@gmail"
WshShell.SendKeys "{TAB}"
WshShell.SendKeys "{TAB}"
WshShell.SendKeys "{TAB}"
WshShell.SendKeys "Kindly provide an urgent drop to ."
WshShell.SendKeys "{TAB}"

WshShell.SendKeys "{TAB}"

WScript.Sleep 200

WshShell.SendKeys "

Hi
       Kindly provide an urgent drop to the following Employee.

"

WScript.Sleep 400

WshShell.SendKeys "%{s}"

--------------

Notepad loop

set wshShell =wscript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
WshShell.Run "notepad"
WScript.Sleep 4000
do
WshShell.sendKeys "{f5}"

WScript.Sleep 4000000
WshShell.SendKeys "Hello World!"
loop

------------

Dancing Lights

Set wshShell =wscript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
do
wscript.sleep 200
wshshell.sendkeys "{NUMLOCK}"
wscript.sleep 100
wshshell.sendkeys "{CAPSLOCK}"
wscript.sleep 100
wshshell.sendkeys "{sCROLLLOCK}"
wscript.sleep 200
wshshell.sendkeys "{sCROLLLOCK}"
wscript.sleep 100
wshshell.sendkeys "{CAPSLOCK}"
wscript.sleep 100
wshshell.sendkeys "{NUMLOCK}"

loop
---------

Create Folder

'VBScript Example
Set WshShell = WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
WshShell.CreateFolder("D:\ABC")

---------

Start Programs

dim temp,pgm,ctrl,one
ctrl=0
set obj=WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
temp=Inputbox("Enter the option number to run the specified application" & VBNewLine & VBNewLine & "1. Microsoft Word" & VBNewLine & "2. Microsoft Excel" & VBNewLine & "3. Microsoft PowerPoint" & VBNewLine & "4. Microsoft OutLook" & VBNewLine & "5. Microsoft Internet Explorer" & VBNewLine & "6. My Computer" & VBNewLine & "7. Notepad" & VBNewLine & "8. Wordpad" & VBNewLine & "9. Microsoft Paint" & VBNewLine & "10. Microsoft Media Player" & VBNewLine & "11. Calculator" & VBNewLine & "12. Microsoft DOS" & VBNewLine & "13. Control Panel" & VBNewLine & VBNewLine & VBNewLine & "©Rajeev John Tharakan","Start Program")

select case temp
    case 1
        pgm="winword"
    case 2
        pgm="excel"
    case 3
        pgm="powerpnt"
    case 4
        pgm="outlook"
    case 5
        pgm="iexplore"
    case 6
        pgm="..."
    case 7
        pgm="notepad"
    case 8
        pgm="wordpad"
    case 9
        pgm="mspaint"
    case 10
        pgm="wmplayer"
    case 11
        pgm="calc"
    case 12
        pgm="cmd"
    case 13
        pgm="control"
    case default
        one=msgbox("Invalid Option Number entered.",vbOKOnly,"Start Program")
        ctrl=1
end select

if(ctrl=0) then
    obj.Run pgm
end if

-----------

Part -3 Bank Clerk Questions

2012-08-17T02:51:00.001-07:00

Part-3
IBPS has been one of the most successful organizations in the recent months in giving the Indian job seekers a ray of hope to enter the banks. The public sector banks will be calling up nearly 1 lakh candidates for interview from the list of IBPS clerk passed candidates. The query for IBPS clerk interview pattern and techniques to crack them has been the major concern among the candidates in the recent reports. So, the most effective and best IBPS clerk interview success tips have been bunched up together in this article and presented before the candidates to get most out of the public sector and private sector bank clerical interviews in the coming months.
This report has been made up by some of the successful candidates in PO and clerical interviews from the major banks. Lets get into the questions and their definite answers.
Query on how should I present myself in front of the judging panel?
Ans: You should be correct on time and keep an eye on your documents that they are properly stacked according to preference or not. It shows a disciplined character of the candidate towards the panel. Dress up in formals and keep hairs and nails neat and clean. When you are to enter the room, ask for permission in a calm yet confident tone. And ask if you can seat when you go in front of them, sit when they ask you to sit. Calmly be firm and straight in your posture and look towards everyone when answering their questions. This makes the judging panel feel that you are confident and ready to answer them. Also it shows your clarity on the subject and makes them interested towards you, which is very important for any type of interview.
Introduce yourself.
Ans: The judging panel has an introductory common question and that is your introduction. Be careful not just to get over the question and say your normal answer which you have been doing so far to relatives and people. Be frank and besides your educational and personal background, say about some sort of achievements that have made you more regularized and strong as a person. But do not just say I have achieved this and that, rather say I have been given this award for my this and that effort. That will make them feel that you are not too much boasting and you are truly a genious.
Why you have chosen banking career after 10+2 or graduation, why not your related field?
Ans: It will be the most common and mark scoring question in the coming IBPS clerical 2012 interviews. The IBPS clerk interview pattern holds the successful key here. Start with saying like,” I have always seen the potential in the banking sector, be it a recession or slowdown, banks have always topped the chart in regular business with no downfall. It also has a great career development potential that no other industry can provide. I feel that the education I have achieved so far, more or less I can contribute from my knowledge to the banking sector and make the personal as well as organizational mutual development.” This will show the judgment panel that you are clear cut about your objective and have no hesitations in your aim.
Question about banking and its current affairs:
Ans: There will be some questions on banking related knowledge and current affairs related to banking. So get over some books that have current affairs on banking. Kiran’s General Banking and Economic Awareness is a good book for the clerical bank related questions. Questions on current RBI regulatory policies, recession and its affects and the bank on which you are giving interview (related questions) will be asked. So prepare for these type of questions and answer fluently. If you cannot say them that you are unable to, but do not hesitate. That will make a wrong impression of your confidence.
If you are selected, what are your future plans and how that will help the bank growth?
Ans This is also an important question that has been quite difficult to answer for some people at that instant moment. Start with, “Sir, because I see the banking sector as the bond of an individual as well as mutual relationship, it makes a great amount of sense that cooperation and customer satisfaction will be my top priority. I will work over customer and official work satisfaction and also keep an eye on the bank business requirements. I will be more than happy if I can serve the bank in different roles as and when the need arise. As I will be commited purely on my work and organization business needs, I think bank will grow more than the expectations with proper mutual cooperation. Not only it will serve the purpose of bank business growth, but will also develop my working skills and personal attitude.
There can be more questions about family and relationships, IQ related questions and general knowledge. But the most important fact is whatever be the question, be confident and answer with a smiling face. Remember, many questions are asked just to confuse you and make you pressurized, as the judges want to see how you can handle the situation. So, be calm and confident in the IBPS clerk 2012 interviews. IBPS interviews are there for scoring marks, not to downgrade you. So, get the most out of yourself and take on the first step to a successful bank career.
As per aspirant demands, we have analysed and made a report on IBPS clerk score and probability of getting call for interview. Visit the link below for detailed analysis on your clerk score and where you rank for an interview call.

Clerk inerview -2

2012-08-15T07:23:00.001-07:00

1.0 Interview Questions

Why do you want to enter banking?

> You need to talk about Banking – what the interviewer seeks for is a person who is flexible to be along with the given timings, someone who can cope up with writing bits and bobs or a person who can benefit them with more development .Your answer can have following bulleted points.

Banking is a fast changing environment
Retail banking is now very competitive – from telephone banking, retailers and etc Banking is thus now largely sales driven.

# You can even talk about IT getting changes and clearing banks offers a wide range of career opportunities for graduates – not just in branch banking but also in financial services, consultancy and corporate banking.

Have you applied to any other areas apart from banking?

Here off course your answer will hold some other finance or sales and marketing careers – insurance or accountancy, altogether these careers should have skills related to banking.

How do you feel about committing yourself to another three years of exams?

The professional examinations that you will almost certainly be required to take as part of your training are not always difficult in themselves, but do require determination and focus- especially as much of your study will be done in the evenings after a hard days work.

You should also be aware of the range of qualifications open to you – many of the large clearing banks offer the opportunity to gain qualifications in marketing, personnel or accountancy – not just banking.

Tell me about an experience in which you had to use tact?
Tact and diplomacy are important qualities in retail banking – the customer is (almost!) always right. You may have to tell an account holder diplomatically why they can’t have a loan for example, without provoking them into moving their account elsewhere.
To answer this type of question, think through everything you have done in the last five years – school, university, sports, clubs, societies, travel, vacation jobs etc. and try to think of situations where you had to demonstrate this and other qualities – do this before your interview.
If you have completed a number of employer application forms, then you should already have done this as this type of question is now common on application forms.

Who are our major competitors and what differences do you notice in our products?
The company will be expecting that you have done your research on the industry generally. You should be familiar with the bank’s products and services – literature on these can be picked up at any branch. Read the banks brochures and annual reports – these may be in the careers information room.

Be aware of current trends in the market and try to find out what each bank is doing in these areas.

What is SLR?
Every bank is required to maintain at the close of business every day, a minimum proportion of their Net Demand and Time Liabilities as liquid assets in the form of cash, gold and un-encumbered approved securities. The ratio of liquid assets to demand and time liabilities is known as Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR). Present SLR is 24%. (reduced w.e.f. 8/11/208, from earlier 25%) RBI is empowered to increase this ratio up to 40%. An increase in SLR also restrict the bank’s leverage position to pump more money into the economy.

What is SLR ? (For Non Bankers)
SLR stands for Statutory Liquidity Ratio. This term is used by bankers and indicates the minimum percentage of deposits that the bank has to maintain in form of gold, cash or other approved securities. Thus, we can say that it is ratio of cash and some other approved to liabilities (deposits) It regulates the credit growth in India.

What are Repo rate and Reverse Repo rate?
Repo (Repurchase) rate is the rate at which the RBI lends shot-term money to the banks. When the repo rate increases borrowing from RBI becomes more expensive. Therefore, we can say that in case, RBI wants to make it more expensive for the banks to borrow money, it increases the repo rate; similarly, if it wants to make it cheaper for banks to borrow money, it reduces the repo rate

Thus, we can conclude that Repo Rate signifies the rate at which liquidity is injected in the banking system by RBI, whereas Reverse repo rate signifies the rate at which the central bank absorbs liquidity from the banks.

What is the difference between Bank Rate and Repo Rate?

Bank Rate vs Repo Rate
Bank Rate is the rate at which RBI allows finance to commercial banks in India. There are difference types of refinance that can be availed by banks and these are linked to Bank Rate. Thus, banks can borrow at this rate only to the extent of their eligibility for refinance.

On the other hand, Repo is a money market instrument, which enables collateralised short term borrowing and lending through sale/purchase operations in debt instruments. Under a repo transaction, a holder of securities sells them to an investor with an agreement to repurchase at a predetermined date and rate. In the case of a repo, the forward clean price of the bonds is set in advance at a level which is different from the spot clean price by adjusting the difference between repo interest and coupon earned on the security. In the money market, this transaction is nothing but collateralised lending as the terms of the transaction are structured to compensate for the funds lent and the cost of the transaction is the repo rate. Thus, a bank can borrow under repo provided he has the extra securities which it can lend temporarily to RBI for borrowing short term funds.

What is relation between Inflation and Bank interest Rates?
Now a days, you might have heard lot of these terms and usage on inflation and the bank interest rates. Bank interest rate depends on many other factors, out of that the major one is inflation. Whenever you see an increase on inflation, there will be an increase of interest rate also

What is a bank?
A bank is a financial institution whose primary activity is to act as a payment agent for customers and to borrow and lend money. It is an institution for receiving, keeping, and lending money

What is the activity of Banks?
Banks act as payment agents by conducting checking or current accounts for customers, paying cheques drawn by customers on the bank, and collecting cheques deposited to customers’ current accounts. Banks also enable customer payments via other payment methods such as telegraphic transfer, EFTPOS, and ATM.

Banks borrow money by accepting funds deposited on current account, accepting term deposits and by issuing debt securities such as banknotes and bonds. Banks lend money by making advances to customers on current account, by making installment loans, and by investing in marketable debt securities and other forms of money lending.

Banks provide almost all payment services, and a bank account is considered indispensable by most businesses, individuals and governments. Non-banks that provide payment services such as remittance companies are not normally considered an adequate substitute for having a bank account.

Banks borrow most funds from households and non-financial businesses, and lend most funds to households and non-financial businesses, but non-bank lenders provide a significant and in many cases adequate substitute for bank loans, and money market funds, cash management trusts and other non-bank financial institutions in many cases provide an adequate substitute to banks for lending savings to.

What is Banking Business?
“Banking Business” means the business of receiving money on current or deposit account, paying and collecting cheques drawn by or paid in by customers, the making of advances to customers, and includes such other business as the Authority may prescribe for the purposes of this Act.

What is Accounting for Bank Accounts?
Bank statements are accounting records produced by banks under the various accounting standards of the world. Under GAAP and IFRS there are two kinds of accounts: debit and credit. Credit accounts are Revenue, Equity and Liabilities. Debit Accounts are Assets and Expenses. This means you credit credit accounts to increase their balances and you debit debit accounts to increase their balances.

This also means you debit your savings account every time you deposit money into it (and the account is normally in deficit) and you credit your credit card account every time you spend money from it (and the account is normally in credit).

However, if you read your bank statement, it will say the opposite- that you have credited your account when you deposit money, and you debit when you withdraw it. If you have cash in your account you have a positive or credit balance and if you are overdrawn it will say you have a negative or a deficit balance.

The reason for this is because the bank, and not you, has produced the bank statement. Your savings might be your assets, but it is the bank’s liability, so your savings account is a liability account which is a credit account and should have a positive credit balance. Your loans are your liabilities but the bank’s assets so they are debit accounts which should have a negative balance.

Below where bank transactions, balances, credits and debits are discussed, they are done so from the viewpoint of the account holder which is traditionally what most people are used to seeing.

What are the commercial roles of the Banks ?

However the commercial role of banks is wider than banking, and includes:

However the commercial role of banks is wider than banking, and includes:
issue of banknotes (promissory notes issued by a banker and payable to bearer on demand)
processing of payments by way of telegraphic transfer, EFTPOS, internet banking or other means
issuing bank drafts and bank cheques
accepting money on term deposit
lending money by way of overdraft, installment loan or otherwise
providing documentary and standby letters of credit (trade finance), guarantees, performance bonds, securities underwriting commitments and other forms of off balance sheet exposures
safekeeping of documents and other items in safe deposit boxes
currency exchange
sale, distribution or brokerage, with or without advice, of insurance, unit trusts and similar financial products as a ‘financial supermarket’

What are the Economic functions of Banks?

The economic functions of banks include:
1. issue of money, in the form of banknotes and current accounts subject to cheque or payment at the customer’s order. These claims on banks can act as money because they are negotiable and/or repayable on demand, and hence valued at par and effectively transferable by mere delivery in the case of banknotes, or by drawing a cheque, delivering it to the payee to bank or cash.

2. netting and settlement of payments — banks act both as collection agent and paying agents for customers, and participate in inter-bank clearing and settlement systems to collect, present, be presented with, and pay payment instruments. This enables banks to economise on reserves held for settlement of payments, since inward and outward payments offset each other. It also enables payment flows between geographical areas to offset, reducing the cost of settling payments between geographical areas.

3. credit intermediation – banks borrow and lend back-to-back on their own account as middle men

4. credit quality improvement – banks lend money to ordinary commercial and personal borrowers (ordinary credit quality), but are high quality borrowers. The improvement comes from diversification of the bank’s assets and the bank’s own capital which provides a buffer to absorb losses without defaulting on its own obligations. However, since banknotes and deposits are generally unsecured, if the bank gets into difficulty and pledges assets as security to try to get the funding it needs to continue to operate, this puts the note holders and depositors in an economically subordinated position.

5. maturity transformation — banks borrow more on demand debt and short term debt, but provide more long term loans. In other words; banks borrow short and lend long. Bank can do this because they can aggregate issues (e.g. accepting deposits and issuing banknotes) and redemptions (e.g. withdrawals and redemptions of banknotes), maintain reserves of cash, invest in marketable securities that can be readily converted to cash if needed, and raise replacement funding as needed from various sources (e.g. wholesale cash markets and securities markets) because they have a high and more well known credit quality than most other borrowers.

What are the different channels of Banking you use in your daily life ?

Banks offer many different channels to access their banking and other services:

A branch, banking centre or financial centre is a retail location where a bank or financial institution offers a wide array of face-to-face service to its customers.
ATM is a computerized telecommunications device that provides a financial institution’s customers a method of financial transactions in a public space without the need for a human clerk or bank teller. Most banks now have more ATMs than branches, and ATMs are providing a wider range of services to a wider range of users. For example in Hong Kong, most ATMs enable anyone to deposit cash to any customer of the bank’s account by feeding in the notes and entering the account number to be credited. Also, most ATMs enable card holders from other banks to get their account balance and withdraw cash, even if the card is issued by a foreign bank.
Mail is part of the postal system which itself is a system wherein written documents typically enclosed in envelopes, and also small packages containing other matter, are delivered to destinations around the world. This can be used to deposit cheques and to send orders to the bank to pay money to third parties. Banks also normally use mail to deliver periodic account statements to customers.
Telephone banking is a service provided by a financial institution which allows its customers to perform transactions over the telephone. This normally includes bill payments for bills from major billers (e.g. for electricity).
Online banking is a term used for performing transactions, payments etc. over the Internet through a bank, credit union or building society’s secure website.

How many type of banks there are ?
Banks’ activities can be divided into retail banking, dealing directly with individuals and small businesses; business banking, providing services to mid-market business; corporate banking, directed at large business entities; private banking, providing wealth management services to high net worth individuals and families; and investment banking, relating to activities on the financial markets. Most banks are profit-making, private enterprises. However, some are owned by government, or are non-profits.

Central banks are normally government owned banks, often charged with quasi-regulatory responsibilities, e.g. supervising commercial banks, or controlling the cash interest rate. They generally provide liquidity to the banking system and act as the lender of last resort in event of a crisis.

Type of Retail Banks

Commercial bank: the term used for a normal bank to distinguish it from an investment bank. After the Great Depression, the U.S. Congress required that banks only engage in banking activities, whereas investment banks were limited to capital market activities. Since the two no longer have to be under separate ownership, some use the term “commercial bank” to refer to a bank or a division of a bank that mostly deals with deposits and loans from corporations or large businesses.
Community Banks: locally operated financial institutions that empower employees to make local decisions to serve their customers and the partners
Community development banks: regulated banks that provide financial services and credit to under-served markets or populations.
Postal savings banks: savings banks associated with national postal systems.
Private banks: manage the assets of high net worth individuals.
Offshore banks: banks located in jurisdictions with low taxation and regulation. Many offshore banks are essentially private banks.
Savings bank: in Europe, savings banks take their roots in the 19th or sometimes even 18th century. Their original objective was to provide easily accessible savings products to all strata of the population. In some countries, savings banks were created on public initiative, while in others socially committed individuals created foundations to put in place the necessary infrastructure. Nowadays, European savings banks have kept their focus on retail banking: payments, savings products, credits and insurances for individuals or small and medium-sized enterprises. Apart from this retail focus, they also differ from commercial banks by their broadly decentralised distribution network, providing local and regional outreach and by their socially responsible approach to business and society.
Building societies and Landesbanks: conduct retail banking.
Ethical banks: banks that prioritize the transparency of all operations and make only what they consider to be socially-responsible investments.
Islamic banks: Banks that transact according to Islamic principles.

Below are some of the frequently asked questions during an Interview.To answer them, I have provided some tips.
Question : Tell /Describe about yourself ( you will be asked this 90% )
Answer : Don’t recite your resume.Tell about your education, experience, projects worked ,passion etc.,Make sure you complete this within 2-3mins.
Q: Why should we hire you into our organization
A : This would be perfect time to tell about your strengths,achievements & assets. Compare your profile with the job role & justify that you will be a best fit for the job.
Q : What are your strengths & weakness ?
A: Again this is also a commonly asked question to test how much you know of yourself.Make sure the Strengths you say have some relation to the job you applied.â€™I am very good in englishâ€™ can be said as â€˜I have good communication skillsâ€™ ,
Weakness – â€˜I don’t have any weaknessâ€™ means you are not ready to talk about it.Similarly don’t say something like, â€˜Im short tempered & get angry very soonâ€™ â€“ It gives an impression that you are not fit to work in group.Say something which does not affect the working & also describe about the steps taken to overcome that.
Q: Where do you see yourself after 5 years ?
A: This question would be asked to check how much you know about the career path.
â€˜After 5 years,I want to be in your seatâ€™ wont work in any case.Think realistically, understand the growth opportunities of that job & put it across to them.
Q : Why are you shifting from your current employer/company (for experienced people)
A : This would be a tricky question & you have to answer by choosing proper words.Give the real reason, but make sure you don’t put the blame on your previous company nor onto yourself.
These are just few questions that can be asked during an Interview ,but the list is exhaustive.So be prepared to answer any question with confidence.But ,
Never ever get tensed . It pulls your confidence down & will throw you out of the competition.

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1) What do you know about our Bank?
2) What is the difference between debit card and credit card?
3) What is the difference between draft and cheque?
4) Tell me about yourself?
5) Why do you want to join our bank?
6) Tell me something about RBI?
7) Advantages of nationalization of bank.
8) Address of SBI Corporate office.
9) What do you understand by core banking?
10) What do you mean by CRR, SLR, and Repo rate?
11) What do you understand by inflation?
12) Meaning of terms liquidity, excise duty, currency etc.
These were the common questions asked to me in the interview. I hope these questions are going to help you all in your interview. Very soon in my next post I will be giving answers of these questions.

Here are some sample question which are frequently asked by interviewer

tell us about yourself?
tell us about your family?
last 30 days current affairs?
last 5 days newspaper?
what is bank?
why would you want to go in the bank?
several types of bank?
crr 'slr' repo rate' reverse repo rate'

and some questions from your academic session.Here is a link which may be useful for you

SBI Clerk interview Question

2012-08-15T06:38:00.003-07:00

SBI Clerk interview Question: taken from Web itself , you may Need to use your mind sometime.

Had my interview in banglore for syndicate on 16 march 2012

tell me abt ur self
as am working in sbi as clerk asked me why i wanna leave sbi
then if u clear jaiib and caiib u can get po there itself
what am doing there
what is base rate?
whats the purpose of giving loans?
what is retail credit?what r the products of retail credit?
finnancial inclusion?
what is dri?
on what basis give loans?
have u heard about cibil?
what is percentage of gold loan?
what is business of ur branch and profit for last year?
westrn union?
family backgroud
it lasted around 15 min

I read sujana interviews question.I am also working at SBI.My sbi interview held on 17th mar.The question they asked were

1. tell me something about yourself.
2.why there is a gap after your graduation?
3.when was your branched establised?what are the the business of your branch?
4.what are the jobs you performs?
5.How many people are working at your branch?
6.Difference between cc and od account.
7.what are stock statements?
8.how is cc provided?
9.how to sanction loan?
10.are you persuing jiiband ciib?
11.what are the main activities of people in that areas.
that all a request if possible can you(sujana)the answer of your question I would highly appreciate your effort but if you feel bad please forget and forgive.

Questions asked:
panel head asked:

-cut off for previous shortlists (I dint got selected in any bfore.)
-difference between banking n finance (told)
-Difference between micro financial institutions and NBFCs. (told)
-Diff. between Co-operative societies and SHGs.(told)
-Accounting practices in banks (kindly ans. anyone)
-debt equity structure of a company to be considered by bank for loaning (ans. pls)
-whts working capital? (told)
-are preferential shares r counted as equity? (told)
-wht is more beneficial fr a co.: equity or debentures (told)
-and few more question relating to banking n finance. (told many of them)

2nd person asked:
- whts GUI?
-hw would u save a computer during electric storm (ans. pls)
-most preferred computer language in business parlance.(told few)
-name 4 operating system (told)
-name 3 4th gen comp. language (told)
-name 5 lady business personalities (told)
-3 strong points in favour of ur candidature (told)
-wht's guarantee that u'll join bank (told)
-ur 2 weaknesses (told)
and 1 more current question whch i forgot.

Q1. What were you doing since 2010(year of graduation)?
Q2. What is Cloud Computing?
Q3. What this years budget had in store 4 banking sector and effects of tis budget on banking sector?
Q4. What is Inflation? How it is controlled?
Q5. What is HDI(Human Developement Index)?
Q6. How is HDI calculated?
Q7. What is GDP?
Q8. What are Foreign Reserves?
Q9. What types of Loans are provided by Banks?
Q10. What are your strength and weakness?

Notes:

Important definitions helpful in bank interview preparation:-
Hi friends,
Here I am posting for you some important banking terminology that will helpful in your bank interview preparation. I hope it will clear all your doubts regarding different bank rates.

REPO RATE: - Under repo transaction the borrower places with the lender certain acceptable securities against funds received and agree to reverse this transaction on a predetermined future date at agreed interest cost. Repo rate is also called (repurchase agreement or repurchase option).

REVERSE REPO RATE: - is the interest rate earned by the bank for lending money to the RBI in exchange of govt. securities or "lender buys securities with agreement to sell them back at a predetermined rate".

CASH RESERVE RATIO: - specifies the percentage of their total deposits the commercial bank must keep with central bank or RBI. Higher the CRR lower will be the capacity of bank to create credit.

SLR: - known as Statutorily Liquidity Ratio. Each bank is required statutorily maintain a prescribed minimum proportion of its demand and time liabilities in the form of designated liquid asset.
OR
"Every bank has to maintain a percentage of its demand and time liabilities by way of cash, gold etc".

BANK RATE: - is the rate of interest which is charged by RBI on its advances to commercial banks. When reserve bank desires to restrict expansion of credit it raises the bank rate there by making the credit costlier to commercial bank.

OVERDRAFT:- It is the loan facility on customer current account at a bank permitting him to overdraw up to a certain agreed limit for a agreed period ,interest is payable only on the amount of loan taken up.

PRIME LENDING RATE: It is the rate at which commercial banks give loan to its prime customers.

HDFC credit Card PIN

2012-07-23T04:51:00.001-07:00

Hello,

Recently happened to get Credit Card from HDFC (not used so far, so will update later about its services). Called Customer care from HDFC, 20 66034332

She informed, PIN will be sent by postal mail at Billing Address.

Cheers :)
Vivek

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