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What is VAT ?

2010-06-27T19:39:00.001+05:30

What is VAT ?

VAT - Global Meaning

Globally, VAT is regarded as a tax that is best levied by the Central government - a condition that is difficult to meet in a federal finance system such as ours. It is true that 123 countries have adopted VAT, but most of them have unitary systems of government. VAT is a centrally-administered tax with a revenue-sharing mechanism. It is hard to visualise VAT as a revenue-neutral measure, or one where the states will not lose out in relation to the present system, in a federal set-up.

If VAT is Centrally administered, the tax base is quite wide, comprising imports, production and different stages of sales. If the base is divided between the Centre and states, the chain is broken, making tax evasion easier and affecting the states' tax base. In countries where VAT is administered by a federal government, revenue collection on imports accounts for a larger portion of total VAT revenues. In an IMF study of 22 developing countries, it was discovered that in about two-third of them, more than half the VAT revenue was collected from imports. In Pakistan and Bangladesh, VAT collection from imports was 64 per cent of the total proceeds from the tax. As tax evasion on bulk imports is difficult, it also helps in checking tax evasion at subsequent stages of the tax chain.

VAT - in India

VAT will replace the present sales tax in India. Under the current single-point system of tax levy, the manufacturer or importer of goods into a State is liable to sales tax. There is no sales tax on the further distribution channel. VAT, in simple terms, is a multi-point levy on each of the entities in the supply chain with the facility of set-off of input tax - that is, the tax paid at the stage of purchase of goods by a trader and on purchase of raw materials by a manufacturer. Only the value addition in the hands of each of the entities is subject to tax. For instance, if a dealer purchases goods for Rs 100 from another dealer and a tax of Rs 10 has been charged in the bill, and he sells the goods for Rs 120 on which the dealer will charge a tax of Rs 12 at 10 per cent, the tax payable by the dealer will be only Rs 2, being the difference between the tax collected of Rs 12 and tax already paid on purchases of Rs 10. Thus, the dealer has paid tax at 10 per cent on Rs 20 being the value addition in his hands.

Purchase price - Rs 100
Tax paid on purchase - Rs 10 (input tax)
Sale price - Rs 120
Tax payable on sale price - Rs 12 (output tax)
Input tax credit - Rs 10
VAT payable - Rs 2

VAT levy will be administered by the Value Added Tax Act and the rules made there-under.

VAT can be computed by using either of the three methods detailed below

The Subtraction method:- The tax rate is applied to the difference between the value of output and the cost of input.
The Addition method: The value added is computed by adding all the payments that is payable to the factors of production (viz., wages, salaries, interest payments etc).
Tax credit method: This entails set-off of the tax paid on inputs from tax collected on sales.

States such as Andhrapradesh, Kerala, Maharashtra, Madhyapradesh, Delhi and Haryana have experimented with VAT albeit in a limited manner, covering only limited goods. The experiments never had the full-fledged features of VAT and were only concoctions. These states have even called off their experiments owing to different reasons. If one analyses why VAT or its variant failed in Maharashtra, which was the only state to come closer to a true VAT regime, the following reasons emerge:

1. Dual methodologies of computation of VAT credit Error! Hyperlink reference not valid. , one for the Manufacturing stage and the other for the trading stage, thus breaking the audit trail. It may be noted that one of the advantages of VAT system, as we would be dealing later on, is the audit trail that is created in the VAT chain.

2. Presence of a large number of tax deferral and holiday schemes, which resulted in a narrow base. It may again be noted that under VAT, which is multi-point, the tax rates have to be reasonably low, and lower tax rates presupposes that the tax base is wide. These two features were not present in the Maharashtra tax regime.

3. Low level of awareness among traders, and even administrators, giving rise to fears and apprehensions. Owing to this, there was considerable consternation among the trade, which gave rise to open revolt against the system.

4. Partial implementation of the ideal VAT with the existing system coexisting even under this regime.

5. Increased burden on retailers of Bookkeeping and compliance.

6. Multiplicity of rates of tax under the VAT regime.

7. Drop in revenue for the State Government, though there are no studies attributing such reduction to the system of taxation.

Central VAT (CENVAT)

The Modvat Scheme was replaced by a new set of rules called CENVAT Credit Rules 2002.

A manufacturer or producer of final product is allowed to take CENVAT credit of duties specified in the Cenvat Credit Rules , 2002.

( 1. The Cenvat Credit in respect of inputs may be taken immediately on receipt of the inputs.

2. The Cenvat credit in respect of Capital Goods received in a factory at any point of time in a given financial year shall be taken only for an amount not exceeding fifty percent of the duty paid on such capital goods in the same financial year and the balance of Cenvat Credit may be taken in any subsequent financial year.

3. The Cenvat credit shall be allowed even if any inputs or capital goods as such or after being partially processed are sent to a job worker for further processing, testing, repair etc. and it is established from the records that the goods are received back in the factory within180 days of their being sent to a job worker.

4. Where any inputs are used in the final products which are cleared for export, the Cenvat Credit in respect of the inputs so used shall be allowed to be utilised towards payment of duty on any final product cleared for home consumption and where for any reason such adjustment is not possible, the manufacture shall be allowed refund of such amount.)

MODVAT

Modvat stands for "Modified Value Added Tax". It is a scheme for allowing relief to final manufacturers on the excise duty borne by their suppliers in respect of goods manufactured by them. eg ABC Ltd is a manufacturer and it purchases certain components from PQR Ltd for use in manufacture. POR Ltd would have paid excise duty on components manufactured by it and it would have recovered that excise duty in its sales price from ABC Ltd. Now, ABC Ltd has to pay excise duty on toys manufactured by it as well as bear the excise duty paid by its supplier, PQR Ltd. This amounts to multiple taxation. Modvat is a scheme where ABC Ltd can take credit for excise duty paid by PQR Ltd so that lower excise duty is payable by ABC Ltd.

The scheme was first introduced with effect from 1 March 1986. Under this scheme, a manufacturer can take credit of excise duty paid on raw materials and components used by him in his manufacture. Accordingly, every intermediate manufacturer can take credit for the excise element on raw materials and components used by him in his manufacture. Since it amounts to excise duty only on additions in value by each manufacturer at each stage, it is called value-added-tax (VAT)

The modvat credit can be utilized towards payment of excise duty on the final product.

When the scheme was first introduced, it covered only some excisable goods. Gradually, the scope of the modvat scheme has been enlarged from time to time under various notifications. From 16 March 1995, all excisable goods can take the benefits.

Idea to include

Items Covered in Indian VAT

Some states like Delhi have imposed VAT on diesel at 20%, which is higher than the 12% sales tax charged earlier. Similarly, Delhi imposed VAT on LPG at 12.5%, which is also higher than the previous sales tax rate of 8 percent.

All business transactions carried on within a State by individuals, partnerships, companies etc. will be covered by VAT.

"More than 550 items would be covered under the new Indian VAT regime of which 46 natural and unprocessed local products would be exempt from VAT", a PTI report quoted West Bengal Finance Minister and VAT panel chairman Asim Dasgupta as saying.

About 270 items including drugs and medicines, all agricultural and industrial inputs, capital goods and declared goods would attract four per cent VAT in India.

The remaining items would attract 12.5 per cent VAT. Precious metals like gold and bullion would be taxed at one per cent.

Considering the difficulties faced by the tea industry, it was decided that tea-producing states would be given an option to levy 12.5 per cent or four per cent subject to review in 2006.

Petrol and diesel would be kept out of VAT regime in India, which covers only marketable items.

Dasgupta was quoted as saying that the panel was yet to take a view on CNG.

Following opposition from some of the states, it was decided that states would have option to either levy four per cent or totally exempt food grains but it would be reviewed after one year.

Three items - sugar, textile and tobacco - covered under Additional Excise Duties, will not be under VAT regime for one year but the existing arrangement would continue.

The Indian VAT panel relaxed the threshold limit for traders coming under VAT regime from Rs 5-50 lakh of turnover from the previous stance of Rs 5-40 lakh.

Traders within this limit can pay a composite VAT rate of one per cent but would not be entitled to input tax credit.

What is the difference between Sales Tax and VAT?

VAT is levied on all goods & services while sales tax is only levied on goods. Thus, a lower tax rate is needed to collect the same amount as sales tax. VAT has no cascading effect. The VAT mechanism of auto-control reduces tax evasion, therefore enhancing income tax collection. VAT is levied at import.

What is input tax?

Input generally mean goods purchased by a dealer in the course of his business for re-sale or for use in the manufacture, processing, packing/storing of other goods or any other business use. The tax paid on inputs is known as Input Tax. It has been defined in Section 2(xvii) of the Model VAT Bill, 2003 thus: "Input tax means the tax paid or payable under this Act by a registered dealer to another registered dealer on the purchase of goods in the course of business for resale or for manufacture of taxable goods or for use as containers or packing material or for the execution of works contract."

What is input tax credit?

It is the credit for tax paid on inputs. Every dealer has to pay output tax on the taxable sale effected by him. The basic formula of VAT is that every dealer pays tax only on the value addition in his hands. In simple words input tax credit is the mechanism by which the dealer is enabled to set off against his output tax, the input tax. Dealers are not eligible for input tax credit on all inputs. There are certain restrictions and conditions on the eligibility of input tax credit as it is stipulated in the respective State legislation.

What are the `sales' not liable to tax under the VAT Act?

Since the VAT Act applies only to sales within a State, the following sales shall not be governed by the VAT Act:

a) sale in the course of inter-State trade or commerce which shall continue to be liable to tax under the Central Sales Tax Act, 1956;
b) sale which takes place outside the State; and
c) sales in the course of export or import.

Who is a retail dealer?

Retail dealer is not specifically defined in most of the draft VAT legislation of States. To some extent, a dealer will be considered to be engaged in the business of selling at retail if 9/10ths of his turnover of sales consists of sales made to persons who are not dealers and if any question arises as to whether any particular dealer is a retailer, then the officer in charge shall be refered for.

In the VAT regime, will stock transfer be more beneficial than inter-State sale?

In so far as a decision as to whether goods should be stock transferred and then sold to customers by the branch or should direct inter-State sales be effected, there can be no generalisation. The decision has to be taken on a VAT impact analysis of each individual business.

The tax implications to be considered are:
In the case of inter-State sale, the buying dealer has to pay a non-VATable CST while the selling dealer will get the benefit of input tax credit.

In the case of stock transfer, though there is no tax on the inter-State movement, the input tax credit will be restricted to the tax paid on inputs in excess of 4 per cent.

Label:- VAT notes, VAT in INDIA
Tags:-VAT notes, VAT in INDIA

MBA Marketing E-books

2010-06-27T19:38:00.001+05:30

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Basic accounting Notes and Material

2010-06-27T19:32:00.001+05:30

Accounting Notes and Material

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The Fundamental Accounting Equation:

Assets = Liabilities + Equity

Equity = Assets - Liabilities

Assets: The following are examples of items classified as assets:
· Cash
· Notes Receivable
· Accounts Receivable
· Prepaid Expenses
· Land
· Buildings
· Equipment, Furniture and Fixtures

Liabilities: The following are examples of items classified as liabilities:

· Notes Payable
· Accounts Payable
· Accrued Liabilities

T-Account Basics: Accounting is based on a double entry system which means that we record the dual effects of a business transaction. Therefore, each transaction affects at least two accounts.

Debit: An entry affecting the left side of a T-Account.

Credit: An entry affecting the right side of a T-Account.

Increases in assets are recorded on the left side (debit) of the account.
Decreases in assets are recorded on the right side (credit) of the account.

Increases in liabilities and owners equity are recorded as a (credit).
Decreases in liabilities and owners equity are recorded as a (debit).

Accounting Terminology Defined:

Account Payable – A liability backed by the general reputation and credit standing of the debtor.

Account Receivable – A promise to receive cash from a customer for whom goods and/or services have been provided by the activity.

Accrual Basis Accounting – Accounting that records the impact of a business event as it occurs, regardless of whether the transaction affected cash.

Accrued Expense – An expense the business has incurred but not yet paid.

Accrued Revenue - A revenue that has been earned but not yet collected in cash.

Adjusting Entry – Entry made at the end of the period to assign revenues to the period in which they are earned and expenses to the period in which they are incurred.

Asset – An economic resource that is expected to be of benefit in the future.

Book Value of an Asset – The assets cost minus accumulated depreciation.

Cash Basis Accounting – Accounting that records transactions only when cash is received or paid. This methodology excludes receivables, payables and depreciation in its computation.

Chart of Accounts – List of all the accounts and their account numbers in the ledger.

Current Asset – An asset that is expected to be converted to cash, sold, or consumed during the next 12 months, or within the business’s normal operating cycle.

Current Liabilities – A debt due to be paid with cash or with goods and services within one year or within the entity’s operating cycle if the cycle is longer than one year.

Current Ratio – Measures the ability to pay current liabilities with current assets. Therefore, the ratio calculation is generated by dividing current assets over current liabilities.

Debt Ratio – This ratio measures the ability to pay for both current and long term debts (total liabilities). This ration is calculated by dividing total liabilities over total assets, and a lower debt ratio is more desirable than a high figure. As a rule of thumb, a debt ratio below .60 is considered generally safe while a debt ratio above .80 is considered risky.

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) – Accounting guidelines formulated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) that govern how accountants measure, process and communicate financial information.

Journal – The chronological accounting record of an entity’s transactions.

Liability – An economic obligation such as a debt payable.

Liquidity – Measure of how quickly an item can be converted to cash.

Matching Principle – The basis for recording expenses this methodology directs accountants to identify all expenses incurred during the period, to measure the expenses, and to match them against the revenues earned during that same span of time.

Net Income – Excess of total revenues over total expenses. Also called net earnings or net profit.

Net Loss – Excess of total expenses over total revenues.

Note Payable – A written promise of future payment.

Note Receivable – A written promise for future collection of cash.

Posting – Copying amounts from the journal to the ledger.

Revenue – Amounts earned by delivering goods or services to customers.

Transaction – An event that affects the financial position of a particular entity and can be recorded reliably.

Trial Balance – A list of all accounts with their balances taken from the ledger used to ensure that total debits equal total credits.

Unearned Revenue – A liability created when a business collects cash from customers in advance of doing work. The obligation is to provide a product or a service in the future. Also called deferred revenue.

Financial Statements: Represent the manner in which transactions are presenting once they have been analyzed. The four basic financial statements to become familiar with are the income statement, balance sheet, statement of owners equity and statement of cash flow.

Income Statement: The income statement represents a summary of an entity’s revenues and expenses for a specific period of time, such as a month or a year. The income statement also called the statement of earnings or statement of operations represents a financial picture of business operations during the period. From a business perspective, one of the most important pieces of information provided by the income statement is “net income” calculated as revenues minus expenses. A positive net income indicates that operations for the period were favorable while a negative net income represents an unfavorable operational position.

Statement of Owners Equity: Represents a summary of the changes that occurred in the entity’s owners equity during a specific time period, such as a month or a year. Increases to owners equity arise from investments by the owner and from net income earned during the period. Decreases result from owner withdrawals and from a net loss for the period. Net income or net losses come directly from the income statement, and owner investments are capital transactions between the business and its owner, so they do not affect the income statement.

Balance Sheet: List all of the entity’s assets, liabilities and owners equity as of a specific date, usually the end of a month or a year. The balance sheet is like a snap shot of the entity and for this reason it is also called the statement of financial position.

Statement of Cash Flows: Reports the amount cash coming in (cash receipts) and the amount of cash going out (cash payments, disbursements) during a period of time. The statement of cash flows shows the net increase or net decrease in cash over a period of time and the cash balance at the end of the period.

Hand book on INDIAN SECURITIES MARKET 2008

2010-06-27T19:30:00.000+05:30

Hand book on INDIAN SECURITIES MARKET 2008

HANDBOOK OF STATISTICS ON THE INDIAN SECURITIES MARKET 2008

Below are the contents of the e-book -- DOWNLOAD HERE
==============================================================
CONTENTS

SEBI Registered Market Intermediaries ...............................................................
Exchange-wise Brokers Registered with SEBI..................................................... 4
Stock Brokers on the Basis of Ownership ........................................................... 7
Registered Sub-Brokers ....................................................................................... 10
Long Term Capital Raised (1957-1990) ............................................................... 11
Resource Mobilisation through Private Placements ............................................ 12
Resources Raised by Corporate Sector .............................................................. 13
Bonds Issued by Public Sector Undertakings ...................................................... 14
Absorption of Private Capital Issues .................................................................... 15
New Capital Issues by Non-Government Public Limited Companies .................. 17
Pattern of Sources of Funds for Non-Government Non-Financial Public
Limited Companies .............................................................................................. 19
Resources Mobilised from the Primary Market .................................................... 21
Industry-wise Classification of Capital Raised ..................................................... 23
Size-wise Classification of Capital Raised ........................................................... 25
Sector-wise and Region-wise Distribution of Capital Mobilised ........................... 26
ADRs/GDRs and ECBs ....................................................................................... 27
Annual Averages of Share Price Indices and Market Capitalisation .................... 28
Distribution of Turnover at Cash Segment of Exchanges .................................... 29
Trading Statistics of Stock Exchanges ................................................................. 31
Cash Segment of BSE ......................................................................................... 33
Cash Segment of NSE ......................................................................................... 35
Settlement Statistics for Cash Segment of BSE .................................................. 37
Settlement Statistics for Cash Segment of NSE .................................................. 39
City-wise Distribution of Turnover of Cash Segment at BSE and NSE ................ 41
Percentage Share of Top 'N' Securities/ Members in Turnover of Cash
Segment of BSE and NSE ...................................................................................
Derivatives Segment at BSE and NSE ................................................................ 43
Settlement Statistics of Derivatives Segment at BSE and NSE........................... 45
Volatility of Major Indices in Indian Securities Market .............................................. 46
Daily Return and Volatility: Select World Stock Indices ....................................... 47
Indicators of Liquidity ........................................................................................... 49
Foreign Investment Inflows .................................................................................. 50
Trends in FII Investment ...................................................................................... 51

Trends in Resource Mobilisation by Mutual Funds ..............................................
Scheme-wise Resource Mobilisation by Mutual Funds .......................................
Net Resources Mobilised by Mutual Funds ........................................................ 55
Net Resources Mobilised by Private Sector Mutual Funds ................................. 56
Trends in Transactions on Stock Exchanges by Mutual Funds ........................... 60
Substantial Acquisition of Shares and Takeovers ................................................ 61
Assets under the Custody of Custodians ............................................................ 62
Ratings Assigned to Corporate Debt Securities (Maturity ³1 Year) .................... 63
Review of Accepted Ratings of Corporate Debt Securities (Maturity ³1 Year).... 64
Progress of Dematerialisation at NSDL and CDSL ............................................. 65
Receipt and Redressal of Investor Grievances ................................................... 66
Investigations by SEBI ......................................................................................... 67
Nature of Investigations Taken up by SEBI ......................................................... 68
Nature of Investigations Completed by SEBI....................................................... 68
....................................................................... 68
Part II: SECURITIES MARKET (MONTHLY SERIES)
Number and Quantum of Euro Issues ................................................................. 71
Resources Raised by Corporate Sector .............................................................. 72
Offer Documents Received and Observations Issued by SEBI ........................... 73
Resources Mobilised from the Primary Market through Public and
Rights Issues........................................................................................................ 75
Sector-wise and Region-wise Distribution of Capital Mobilised through Public
and Rights Issues ................................................................................................ 78
Size-wise Classification of Capital Raised through Public and Rights Issues ..... 81
Industry-wise Classification of Capital Raised through Public and Rights Issues. 84
Resource Mobilisation through Qualified Institutions' Placement ........................ 95
Comparative Valuations of Indices ...................................................................... 96
Sectoral Stock Indices ......................................................................................... 98
Monthly and Annual Averages of BSE SENSEX ................................................. 100
Monthly and Annual Averages of S & P CNX Nifty .............................................. 101
Trends in Cash Segment of BSE ......................................................................... 102
Trends in Cash Segment of NSE ......................................................................... 106
Market Capitalisation - BSE, NSE and All-India ................................................... 110
Trading Frequency in Cash Segment of BSE and NSE ...................................... 111
Advances/Declines in Cash Segment of BSE and NSE (No. of Securities)......... 113
Percentage Share of Top 'N' Securities/Members in Turnover in Cash Segment.. 115

Settlement Statistics for Cash segment of NSE ..................................................
Derivatives Segment of BSE ...............................................................................
Derivatives Segment of NSE ...............................................................................
Settlement Statistics in Derivatives Segment of BSE and NSE ..........................
Volatility of Major Indices .....................................................................................
Trading Statistics of the Corporate Debt Market ................................................. 137
Business Growth on the WDM Segment of NSE .................................................
Instrument-wise Share of Securities Traded in WDM Segment of NSE ..............
Trends in FII Investment ......................................................................................
Trends in Resource Mobilisation by Mutual Funds ..............................................
Trends in Transactions on Stock Exchanges by Mutual Funds ...........................
Industry-wise Cumulative Investment Details of Venture Capital Funds and
Foreign Venture Capital Investors ...................................................................... 151
Substantial Acquisition of Shares and Takeovers ................................................
Progress of Dematerialisation at NSDL and CDSL .............................................
Assets under the Custody of Custodians ............................................................
Ratings Assigned to Corporate Debt Securities (Maturity = 1 Year) ..................
Review of Accepted Ratings of Corporate Debt Securities (Maturity = 1 Year)..
Part III: SURVEY OF INDIAN INVESTORS
Estimate of Investor & Non-Investor Households by Type of Investments ..........
Distribution of All Households by Type of Instruments ........................................
Distribution of All Households in Fixed Deposits .................................................
Distribution of All Households in Instruments by Income Class ...........................
Distribution of Equity Investor Households by Type of Instruments ....................
Distribution of Equity Investor Households by Type of Income Class .................
Distribution of Total Investment of Equity Investor Households ...........................
Performance Indicators - International Comparison of Transaction Costs ..........
Performance Indicators - Reduction of Transaction Costs ..................................
Proportion of Urban & Rural Investors .................................................................
Proportion of Equity Investor Households in Investor Households ......................
Distribution of Investors in Mutual Funds According to Sector &
Type of Instruments .............................................................................................
Proportion of Investor Households in All Households in States Owning
Different Type of Instruments – All-India ..............................................................
Table No. Table Title Pg. No
Part IV: RELATED ECONOMIC INDICATORS
Components of Gross Domestic Product (At Factor Cost) ..................................
Sector-wise Domestic Savings (At Current Prices) .............................................
Changes in Financial Assets/Liabilities of the Households Sector
(At Current Prices) ..............................................................................................
Gross/Net Domestic Capital Formation ...............................................................
Sector-wise Gross Capital Formation ..................................................................
Savings as per cent of GDP (At Current Market Prices) .....................................
Changes in Financial Assets of the Household Sector (At Current Prices) ......... 185
Financial Savings of the Household Sector (Gross) ............................................
Index Numbers of Industrial Production ..............................................................
Index Numbers of Industrial Production - Use Based Classification ...................
Sectoral Deployment of Non-Food Gross Bank Credit (Outstandings) ...............
Industry-wise Deployment of Gross Bank Credit .................................................
Structure of Interest Rates ..................................................................................
Aggregate Deposits of Non-Banking Companies ................................................
India's Overall Balance of Payments in Rupees .................................................
Indices of Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) and Nominal Effective
Exchange Rate (NEER) of the Indian Rupee ......................................................
Foreign Exchange Reserves ...............................................................................
Part V: INTERNATIONAL SECURITIES MARKET
International Equity Markets (Market Capitalisation) ...........................................
International Equity Markets (Number of Listed Companies) .............................
International Equity Markets (Value of Share Trading and No. of Trading Days).
Number of ETFs Listed at Year-end and Trading Value ......................................
International Fixed Income Markets (Value of Bonds Listed) ..............................
International Fixed Income Markets (Number of Bonds Listed) ..........................
International Fixed Income Markets (Total Value of Bond Trading) .....................
Derivatives Market (Stock Options) .....................................................................
Derivatives Market (Stock Options - Open Interest and Option Premium) ..........
Derivatives Market (Stock Futures) .....................................................................
Derivatives Market (Stock Futures - Open Interest) ............................................
Derivatives Market (Stock Index Options) ..........................................................
Derivatives Market (Stock Index Options - Open Interest and Option Premium).
Derivatives Market (Stock Index Futures) ...........................................................
Number of Mutual Funds/Schemes .....................................................................
Total Net Assets of Mutual Funds ........................................................................ 227
P/E Ratios of International Indices ...................................................................... 228
Yearly Closing Values of International Indices ....................................................

===================================================

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The one quality for becoming "Super Successful"

2010-06-27T19:29:00.001+05:30

The one quality for becoming "Super Successful"

You want to become super successful.
You can. All you need is one quality that will ensure that you become one.
All the successful people had this one must quality. They all had humble beginnings & failures but they did not stop .This quality pushed them to move forward and achieve their goals.
Brains, money, opportunities, mentors might have contributed for their success but there were only tools that were used. They can be created .Real success is because of that one quality.

What’s that one quality? ...You should have a “burning desire” to be successful.
Nonsense, I had once a desire, a wish to be among the top three in class. But you see all I got was a little bit higher marks than the usual. That’s all but nowhere near the top three. What have you got to say for this ?

Well, What happened above ? You had the desire but it was just a desire. It’s not enough .
Why ?.A desire will remain a desire, a wish will remain a wish if it is not burning, strong desire. Your desire should be such that it is above everything else in the world. There should be a burning passion that you remember it every single moment. It should be at the back of your mind all the time.

To illustrate the above point read this story ….

A boy who had no money, education and with a humble background strongly desired to become rich and successful. Every moment he kept on thinking the way, the means to become one. He went the wealthy merchant in town and asked him for a loan. “ What for ? “. The merchant asked. The boy replied “ I want to start a business and for that I need capital “.The merchant said “ If you really want to start a business you can start even with the dead mouse lying over there “.

The boy took the mouse and walked along. Presently he saw a man with a pet cat. He pursued the man to buy the dead mouse for his cat. With that money he purchased and prepared some buttermilk and sold it to the weary farmers nearby. But he was far from satisfied.
Always at the back of his mind, he remembered what the wealthy merchant had said . He decided to look for other avenues of income. Soon he came across lot of coconut shells & coirs strewed all over from the coconut oil factory. He said that he will take them for which he was gladly given permission.

What do to with this ?. He collected ideas from many and decided that he could make toys, ropes, mats etc from them. He roped in a person whom he knew was talented in this type of work. He sold them to tourists, shops and passer-bys. But he was not yet satisfied.
Constantly looking out for opportunity, one day he got a contract for bulk order. No looking back. He hired more people, expanded his business, started exporting, ventured into other areas where nobody thought of going and he become very rich.

He made a golden mouse and took it to the wealthy merchant from whose house he had taken the dead mouse. The merchant was very impressed and made him his son-in-law.
Moral.” Because he had the strong desire he dug out opportunities from where nobody thought they existed , He got ideas from others, he created money, opportunities & mentors, because of his strong desire.

Even you can achieve in a great way what you desire, provided you have a strong burning passionate desire. All the best.

Project on Financial Analysis --" Financial Analysis of SAIL "

2010-06-27T19:27:00.001+05:30

Project on Financial Analysis --" Financial Analysis of SAIL "

Financial Analysis of any company or organization is considered and recommended project For MBA Finance from any university.

Here we share in brief a project "Financial Analysis of SAIL"

Download Link :-

http://www.mediafire.com/?curxzmynz1l

or

http://www.mediafire.com/file/curxzmynz1l/Financial Analysis of SAIL.doc

Whenever doing a project Like Financial Analysis these points should be noted and considered :-

The Guidelines aims to enhance the quality of XYZ's (any Company'S) portfolio by:

establishing the norms for financial analysis and financial management of revenue-earning and non-revenue-earning projects for use during the project cycle

defining the financial management requirements for projects and project entities of borrowers, executing agencies and other organizations responsible for efficient use of funds provided by XYZ

explaining to borrowers the project and institutional financial performance requirements of ADB to achieve successful implementation and the sustainability of ongoing operations

providing financial knowledge management for the guidance and training of XYZ staff and borrowers

providing ready access to XYZ's project financial management requirements to all interested parties

Eight Ways to Project Success

2010-06-27T19:18:00.001+05:30

Eight Ways to Project Success

In today's competitive workplace it's important to be the best project manager you can be

KNOW THE PROJECT'S OBJECTIVE Focus on your end goal and talk it up with other team members. Think smart: in specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-set terms. Be clear on what you must do. Ask your supervisor to clarify details if necessary.

CREATE THE TEAM YOU NEED Start small, say, with two or three team members and grow from there. Recruit diverse people with different abilities. Create an environment that encourages teamwork.

TAKE A REALITY CHECK Before you even begin, ask yourself if the project is realistic. Make sure you have the needed technology, resources, organizational support, and funding.
PLAN, PLAN, PLAN Good planning and knowing where you're going is 80 percent of your project's success, while the other 20 percent is the actual work, Eriksson says. The planning phase should include a project map with a list of all team members, individual responsibilities, their contact information, and whom they report to and when.

TAKE A MEETING, OFTEN Book recurring meetings?put them on your calendar way into the future. Such meetings should be scheduled on the same day of the week, in the same place with the same people, although it is occasionally useful to invite others to gain different perspectives. Keep meetings to one hour at most. If a problem can?t be solved in an hour, endthe meeting and schedule another. Keep the meetings simple. Use templates for agendas and reports, and distribute meeting minutes immediately. Appoint a project secretary to organize the process.

BE A ROLE MODEL Lead by example. Create an open atmosphere, be fair and straightforward, show respect, be enthusiastic, give a lot of praise, and trust your team members. Having a spirited team helps, Eriksson says, because happy people ultimately do more work. You should be goal-oriented, flexible yet firm, and realistic. You also should communicate
effectively and be a good planner.

KEEP THE TEAM TALKING Huang Qiang, IEEE student number and a graduate student at Shanghai Jiao Tong University,in China, says the importance of communicating clearly and maintaining good relationships with team members was the most valuable advice he learned from Eriksson's Webinar.

CLOSE OUT THE PROJECT Don't let it just wander off into the sunset. Celebrate the results if you're successful or discuss how to do better next time if you fail. Most important, always review lessons learned with your team members. You might ask these questions: How did we do? What worked well? Any advice for the next project? Why did we fail? Was it us or was
it something we could not foresee?

Being a successful project manager doesn't happen overnight,But almost every job-related experience can add to your mastery and excellence in project management

Banking Projects Part--1

2010-06-27T19:15:00.001+05:30

Banking Projects Part ----I

1) Very Nice Banking Project on ICICI Bank:-

http://www.mediafire.com/download.php?mryigdgyuvj

2) Project On Banking Sector Reforms

http://www.mediafire.com/?mzawowmouvn

Power Pt Presentation on Banking Sector Reforms

http://www.mediafire.com/?exmwy42xodm

3) Project on Reserve bank of India

http://www.mediafire.com/download.php?wkqn5kzzzym

Finance Interview Questions

2010-06-27T19:09:00.001+05:30

Finance Interview Questions

Finance interview questions
A/ Stock management interview questions
1. Describe the finance functions within a company and where you see yourself fitting.
2. What’s a Price/Earning (P/E) ratio and how do you use it?
3. What if 2 companies have the same value of P/E ratios, which company does you think
is better?
4. How would you explain net present value to non-finance major?
5. What is our company’s stock price? How would you forecast the future stock price for
next year?
B/ General finance interview questions
1. What major factors drive mergers and acquisitions?
2. What is goodwill? How does it affect net income?
3. What is working capital?
4. What are deferred taxes?
5. Can you describe a recent situation in which you accomplished an important objective
in a brief period of time?
6. How do you take challenges?
7. Are you willing to work in shifts?
8. What is the thing you like the most in the world? Why?
9. What is the thing you dislike the most in the world? Why?
10. What does success mean to you?
C/ Audit interview questions
1. What the procedures or process involved in the preparation for the audit?
2. What is Web Audit?
3. What are the different types of internal audit?
4. What is the difference between an internal audit and the annual external audit?
5. What is Internal Audit?
6. What is meant by Single Audit process?
============
Finance Technical Interview Questions
Corporate Finance
· What could a company do with excess cash on the balance sheet?
· What’s the difference between IRR, NPV and Payback?
· What are the impacts on earnings if a company builds a new factory using debt? operating
lease? capital lease? cash?
· Why would a company repurchase its own stock? What signals (positive & negative) does
this send to the market?
· When would you take a project with a negative NPV?
· What is Sarbanes Oxley and what are the implications?
· Why might a company choose debt over equity financing, or vice versa?
· What are the ways a company can manipulate cash flows?
· What are the primary causes of bankruptcy and what are the options available to a company?
· Let’s say that I have a bond with a 5% coupon. What happens to the market price when the
prevailing interest rates rise to 8%? How are the coupons affected?
· Which corporate bond would have a higher coupon, a AAA or a BBB? What are the annual
payments received by the owner of a five year zero coupon bond?
· Would you rather have $___ today or $1 a day for the rest of your life? How would you go
about valuing this amount?
· What happens to a company’s equity when assets rise $1 million and liabilities fall $2
million?
· What does it mean when cash flow from operations on a company’s cash flow statement is
negative? Is this bad news? If so, is it dangerous?
· Suppose that you constructed a pro forma balance sheet for a company and the estimate for
external funding required was negative. How would you interpret this result?
· How will a decrease in financial leverage affect a company’s cost of equity capital, if at all?
How will it affect a company’s equity beta?
· If you want to assess the health of a company and you could choose between looking at 3
years of income statements or 3 years of balance sheets, which would you choose and why?
· What are some reasons why a company might tap the high yield market?
· Finance managers today face many challenges in governance and reporting as a result of
recent legislation and events. Given what you know about these recent news events and
legislation, what difficulties do you think finance managers are dealing with today?
Valuation
· What are the different ways to value a company?
· Walk me through a DCF valuation. What is free cash flow and how is it calculated? What
would you use for a discount rate? How do you determine the terminal value?
· How do you calculate WACC?
· What is the formula for CAPM?
· What is beta? How and why do you unlever a beta?
· What is the current market risk premium? What is the current risk-free rate?
· What kinds of multiples do you think are most important when valuing a company and why?
What are some reasonable ranges for these multiples?
· What makes a good comparable company for valuation purposes?
· What is the difference between enterprise value and equity value?
· Why should the fair market value of a company be the higher of its liquidation value and its
going-concern value?
· What is an LBO? Why leverage up a firm?
· Lets say I want to value a natural gas pipeline, how would you suggest I do that? What do
you think is the appropriate risk free rate to use with this pipeline? How would you finance
buying a pipeline like this?
· What do you think an investment banker does?
· As a manufacturing firm, assume you are producing at full capacity. Marketing comes to you
with a great new product idea and says the firm needs to begin producing it. What analysis
would you do, and what things would you look at in response to marketing’s request?
Accounting
· Walk me through a typical income statement, balance sheet or cash flow statement. Discuss
the inter-relationships between the income statement, balance sheet and cash flow statement.
· What is EBITDA? Why is it important?
· What is goodwill? How does it affect net income?
· What is the difference between cash and accrual accounting?
· If Accounts Receivable increases during the period, how does that impact cash?
· What is a 10K? What is a 10Q?
· What are deferred taxes? How do they arise?
· If I under-depreciated by $3,000, walk me through how that would affect the financial
statements.
· Which of the three financial reporting statements (balance sheet, income statement, statement
of cash flows) is most important and why do you believe this is so?
· Assume that you have a significant amount of inventory on hand. What control measures
could you put in place to ensure employees aren’t running off with your inventory?
· How would you go about forecasting balance sheet accounts in the future—specifically
inventory, accounts receivable, and accounts payable?
Mergers & Acquisitions
· Why would two companies merge? What major factors drive mergers and acquisitions?
· What’s the difference between I-banking and Private Equity?
· Would you make an offer to buy a company at its current stock price?
· If a company with a P/E of 20 acquires a company with a P/E of 15 with stock, is the
transaction accretive or dilutive?
· What is the difference between a stock purchase and an asset purchase?
· What are the major differences between purchase and pooling accounting? What is the
current state of both methods of accounting?
· What are some common anti-takeover tactics?
· Would you pay more for an asset/company with a tax basis of 100 or a tax basis of 0? Why?
Macroeconomics/Capital Markets/Investment Theory
· Where do you think interest rates will be 1 year from now?
· Who is Alan Greenspan and what does he do?
· What do you think of Ben Bernacke and how is he likely to differ from Greenspan?
· What do you think of the economy and interest rates?
· What is LIBOR? How is it often used?
· What does the yield curve currently look like, and what does that mean?
· What happened in the markets during the past 3 months?
· Do you read the Wall Street Journal everyday? What’s on today’s front page?
· What sources of information would you use to analyze a company?
· What are the factors that affect option pricing?
· Explain put-call parity.
· If the stock market in the United States is efficient, how do you explain the fact that some
people make very high returns? Would it be more difficult to reconcile very high returns with
efficient markets if the same people made extraordinary returns year after year?

International mba

2010-06-19T21:25:00.001+05:30

International MBA: Making the decision

I believe I used a framework that I would like to call "the four Ps of b-school decision making". The four Ps (no connection to Jerome McCarthy's theory on marketing) are Programme, Prospects, Price and People.

Programme
I had seen many of my fellow applicants recite B-school rankings at the drop of a hat. Rankings, thus, seemed like the logical place to start the investigation. Since the brand value of an MBA is one of the key components of the money you spend on the MBA, I felt that the total value of the programme would be reflected, to a great extent, in the rankings.

However, to ensure that I was not swayed by the "one-year wonders" (schools that suddenly peaked in one year and slipped off the rankings thereafter), I tabulated rankings for schools over three or four years. To make sure that my impression was correct, I also looked at rankings from about five publications. The emerging pattern showed that certain schools maintained a respectable position consistently, about 15 of which I put up on my shortlist.

Then I considered the specifics of the programme itself such as whether it had a one-year or two-year format or anything in between, assigning a higher weightage to those of shorter durations. I pored over the brochures to glean information on the specialisations the programmes were known for. I attached a marginally higher weightage to those with strengths in corporate finance, my main area of interest.

I jotted down the flexibility available in choice of electives. I also performed a reality check by noting the acceptance rate at the shortlisted schools. The best schools would also have the highest number of candidates competing for them, right?

In the case of business schools from non-English speaking native regions, an additional (cultural) feature caught my attention and my fancy -- the bilingual study methods -- ensuring that every participant would have an advanced (business) level of proficiency in the local language. This was peculiar to some European programmes and given my personal interest in languages, I gave them an additional vote.

Prospects
The purpose of the MBA, at least in the immediate term, was to accelerate my career path, which subsumed the aspiration for a more lucrative work opportunity. Therefore, the work prospects after the programme would be a key determinant of my decision. I examined the employment/ recruitment statistics at the shortlisted schools -- the percentage of students placed through the school's career services, the major sectoral groups that recruited them, the range of remuneration they were offered, and the locations they were offered positions at.

This consolidated picture told me which schools were preferred by which employers for what type of candidates at what locations and for how much money. It also suggested to me the extent of personal initiative an international candidate might have to take to balance the support provided by the schools' career offices in job search.

The other two Ps Price and People willbe discussed in next Post.

Why an MBA from abroad?

Some of the main reasons why people decide to do an MBA abroad are:

They want to work in a particular country -- employers are keener on MBA graduates who have studied in the country where they operate.

They want a brand name that is recognised globally on their CV.

International MBA classes tend to have a more diverse population in terms of nationalities, backgrounds (educational and professional), genders, etc, which enhances the quality of the environment and the learning.

International B-schools tend to have a more global coverage of topics in their syllabi.
International B-schools are more likely to have access to a wider base of resources such as alumni network, faculty, guest speakers, libraries, employers, etc.

Some schools offer shorter duration formats such as a 10-month/ 16-month MBA, allowing candidates to return to work quicker

Almost all the reasons applied in my case. To future MBAs , I recommend that you come up with reasons that resonate most with your aspirations and the kind of experience you are looking for. If this will be your second MBA, then it will be imperative to articulate the thinking since you will most likely be asked this question in your interview.

It is all right to continue to fine-tune this reasoning during the process of MBA prep, but ensure that there is a consistent thread in your story. I cannot emphasise enough how critical your belief in this story will be and how many times this belief will be questioned during and after the process.

Why MBA?

I needed to answer two questions: why an MBA? And, why abroad? These remain important for any candidate.

Why MBA?

So, why did I do an MBA? When faced with this question, I put myself through the 'ART' test. The test asks three questions of a candidate considering doing an

MBA:

Do you want to Accelerate your career in the current industry?
Do you want to Rotate to a business/ corporate function within the current industry?
Do you want to Transform your skill-sets to change to another industry?

An affirmative answer to any one question is, superficially, sufficient reason to want to do an MBA. The important thing for me was to identify exactly where this career move was focused. I decided that A -- Acceleration resonated the most with me.

I was working with a group of bright, motivated individuals. My superiors provided me with learning opportunities now and then. However, I had reached an invisible hurdle beyond which growth demanded an additional set of skills, which I felt an MBA would address. Now that the toughest part was over, the next step was to elaborate and justify this answer with valid reasons.

It is completely acceptable for you to want to achieve more than one of the above objectives through an MBA. But a careful drilling-down into the story is critical.

Acceleration
This could be in terms of the number of steps of the hierarchy that the MBA will help you to jump and/ or the amount of money it will enable you to demand in the job market. It could also mean an accelerated career path, a fast track, which your organisation can provide you with by virtue of your MBA degree.

There could be environmental factors, such as a dynamic industry scenario or a downturn, that warrant different skills and techniques to successfully handle business realities. As a middle/ senior manager or as a businessperson, you may feel the need for an MBA to ensure that you maintain or increase the pace of growth of your business.

Rotation
You have made good progress on your career path, obtaining a promotion every year or two, handling greater responsibility with each, and drawing a larger pay packet at each level. However, the growth is unidirectional, with a greater volume of work supervised at each level, but no additional faculties being developed. You wish that you could gain a broader perspective of business and contribute in a wider spectrum.

What you really want is to have a cross-functional understanding of your industry and carry over the learnings from one role to another, thereby adding to your set of skills. The MBA will help to provide you with the tools and techniques to comprehend and assimilate nuances of the various aspects of running a business.

Transformation

There may be a better word for this route, but an MBA is based on the premise that you will use the learning in the programme to transfer the skills you developed in your career pre-MBA to the role and industry you move to post-MBA. Hence, what you want to achieve is a transformation of your skill-set, through a set of frameworks and techniques learned in the MBA, which will help you to contribute, to a new role, in a new organization, in a new industry.

You could well want to be your own boss, fan that entrepreneurial fire burning inside, but know that you will have enough of a business perspective to create a successful venture. You essentially want to change careers, without having to start at the bottom of the new ladder, and be taken seriously in the new role, based on your past work experience and the new skills developed through the MBA.

Another way of checking whether you have nailed the reasons is by asking yourself whether any other route will help you achieve the same results. For example, if you believe that you have sufficient experience of the marketing and project management areas but find yourself wanting when it comes to financial concepts, then you may want to consider a short-term course that provides you with basics in finance.

If, however, you want to be the finance whiz kid, then consider a Masters in Finance or a Chartered Financial Analyst programme. It is important to understand the level of specialisation you desire. An MBA is usually oriented towards general management, with some scope for specialisation. In my case, I was quite certain that I wanted skills that were tangible across functions and industries. No specialised course could have addressed that requirement.

Why am I emphasising the need for this reasoning so much? Because the Admissions Committees stress on it. The reason that Admissions Committees are extremely keen on understanding your motivation for pursuing an MBA is a significant investment in your development. They want to ensure that the candidates they recruit to the MBA class are mature professionals who have weighed the benefits of the MBA adequately before making the investment decision. Additionally, they want to be certain that when you graduate, you will have gained something tangible in line with your expectations, and, thus, will be a confident brand ambassador for the school.

The thought process that I went through in this stage of my MBA prep was tested several times during the phases leading up to the admissions -- when I decided which B-school to apply to, when I took my GMAT, when I wrote my essays (especially here!), when I was arranging for the funding, and when I appeared for my interviews (probably the deal-breaker). So it helped tremendously to have clarity in advance.

International mba

2010-06-19T21:25:00.000+05:30

International MBA: Making the decision

Why an MBA from abroad?

MBA 2nd year syllabus

2010-06-18T19:22:00.000+05:30

ANNA UNIVERSITY TIRUCHIRAPPALLI

Tiruchirappalli – 620 024

Regulations 2008

Syllabus

Master of Business Administration (MBA)

IV TRIMESTER CORE SUBJECT

BA6211 - STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT

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UNIT I STRATEGY AND PROCESS 9

Conceptual Framework for Strategic Management, the Concept of Strategy and the Strategy Formation Process – Stakeholders in Business – Vision, Mission and Purpose – Business Definition, Objectives and Goals – Case Study.

UNIT II COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE 9

External Environment – Porter’s Five Forces Model – Strategic Groups Competitive Changes During Industry Evolution – Globalization and Industry Structure – National Context and Competitive Advantage Resources – Capabilities and Competencies – Core Competencies – Low Cost and Differentiation Generic Building Blocks of Competitive Advantage – Distinctive Competencies – Resources and Capabilities Durability of Competitive Advantage – Avoiding Failures and Sustaining Competitive Advantage – Case Study.

UNIT III STRATEGIES 12

The Generic Strategic Alternatives – Stability, Expansion, Retrenchment and Combination Strategies – Business Level Strategy – Strategy in The Global Environment – Corporate Strategy – Vertical Integration – Diversification and Strategic Alliances – Building and Restructuring the Corporation – Strategic Analysis and Choice – Environmental Threat and Opportunity Profile (ETOP) – Organizational Capability Profile – Strategic Advantage Profile – Corporate Portfolio Analysis – SWOT Analysis – Gap Analysis – Mc Kinsey's 7s Framework – Ge 9 Cell Model – Distinctive Competitiveness – Selection of Matrix – Balance Score Card – Case Study.

UNIT IV STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION 15

The Implementation Process, Resource Allocation, Designing Organizational Structure – Designing Strategic Control Systems – Matching Structure and Control to Strategy – Implementing Strategic Change – Politics – Power and Conflict – Techniques of Strategic Evaluation and Control – Case Study.

Strategic Issues:

Managing Technology and Innovation – Strategic Issues for Non Profit Organizations. New Business Models and Strategies for Internet Economy – Case study.

UNIT V CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY 15

Corporate Governance (Kumaramangalam Birla Committee Report) – Responsibility of the Board and CEO – Board Composition and Significance – Audit Committee and Remuneration Committee. Corporate Social Responsibility – Different Forms – Business Ethics.

Total: 60

TEXT BOOKS

1. Thomas L. Wheelen, J.David Hunger and Krish Rangarajan, Concept in Strategic Management and Business Policy, 9^th Edition, Pearson education, 2009.

2. Fred.R.David, Strategic Management, Concept and cases, 12^th Edition. PHI, 2008.

REFERENCES

1. Charles W.L.Hill & Gareth R.Jones – ‘Strategic Management Theory, An Integrated approach’ – Biztantra, 2008.

2. Saloner and Shepard, Podolny, Strategic Management, John Wiley, 2001

3. Arnoldo C.Hax and Nicholas S. Majluf, The Strategy Concept and Process – A Pragmatic Approach, Second Edition, Pearson Education, 2005.

4. Upendra Kachru, Strategic Management concepts & cases, Excel Books, 2006.

V TRIMESTER CORE SUBJECT

BA6221 - INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

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UNIT I INTRODUCTION 8

International Business – Definition – Internationalizing Business – Advantages – Factors Causing Globalization of Business – International Business Environment – Country Attractiveness – Political, Economic and Cultural Environment – Protection Vs Liberalization of Global Business Environment.

UNIT II INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND INVESTMENT 12

Promotion of Global Business – The Role of GATT/WTO – Multilateral Trade Negotiation and Agreements – VIII and IX, Round Discussions and Agreements – Challenges for Global Business – Global Trade and Investment – Theories of International Trade and Theories of International Investment – Need for Global Competitiveness – Regional Trade Block – Types – Advantages and Disadvantages – RTBs Across the Globe – Brief History.

UNIT III INTERNATIONAL STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 15

Strategic Compulsions – Standardization vs. Differentiation – Strategic Options – Global Portfolio Management – Global Entry Strategy – Different Forms of International Business – Advantages– Organizational Issues of International Business – Organizational Structures – Controlling of International Business – Approaches to Control – Performance of Global Business – Performance Evaluation System.

UNIT IV PRODUCTION, MARKETING, FINANCIAL AND HUMAN RESOURCE

MANAGEMENT OF GLOBAL BUSINESS 15

Global Production – Location – Scale of Operations – Cost of Production – Make or Buy Decisions – Global Supply Chain Issues – Quality Considerations – Globalization of Markets, Marketing Strategy – Challenges in Product Development, Pricing, Production and Channel Management – Investment Decisions – Economic – Political Risk – Sources of Fund – Exchange Rate Risk and Management – Strategic Orientation – Selection of Expatriate Managers – Training and Development – Compensation.

UNIT V CONFLICT MANAGEMENT AND ETHICS IN INTERNATIONAL

BUSINESS MANAGEMENT 10

Disadvantages of International Business – Conflict in International Business – Sources and Types of Conflict – Conflict Resolutions – Negotiation – The Role of International Agencies – Ethical Issues in International Business – Ethical Decision-Making.

Total: 60

TEXT BOOKS

1. John D. Daniels, Lee H. Radebaugh and Daniel P Sullivan, International Business, 3^rd Edition, Pearson Education, 2009

2. Charles W.I. Hill and Arun Kumar Jain, International Business, 6^th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2009.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. K. Aswathappa, International Business, Tata McGraw Hill, 2008.

2. Francis Cherunelam, International Business Management, PHI 2008

3. Aravind V. Phatak, Rabi S. Bhagat and Roger J. Kashlak, International Management, Tata McGraw Hill, 2006.

4. Oded Shenkar and Yaong Luo, International Business, John Wiley Inc, Noida, 2004.

IV TRIMESTER MARKETING – ELECTIVES

BA6001 - BRAND MANAGEMENT

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UNIT I INTRODUCTION 8

Basic understanding of Brands – Definitions – Branding Concepts – Functions of Brand – Significance of Brands – Different Types of Brands – Co Branding – Store Brands.

UNIT II BRAND STRATEGIES 10

Strategic Brand Management Process – Building a Strong Brand – Brand Positioning – Establishing Brand Values – Brand Vision – Brand Elements – Branding for Global Markets – Competing with Foreign Brands.

UNIT III BRAND COMMUNICATIONS 8

Brand Image Building – Brand Loyalty Programmes – Brand Promotion Methods – Role of Brand Ambassadors, Celebrities – Online Brand Promotions.

UNIT IV BRAND EXTENSION 9

Brand Adoption Practices – Different type of Brand Extension – Factors Influencing Decision for Extension – Re-Branding and Re-Launching.

UNIT V BRAND PERFORMANCE 10

Measuring Brand Performance – Brand Equity Management – Global Branding Strategies – Brand Audit – Brand Equity Measurement – Brand Leverage – Role of Brand Managers – Branding Challenges and Opportunities – Case Studies.

Total:45

TEXT BOOKS

1. Kevin Lane Keller, Strategic Brand Management: Building, Measuring and Managing, Prentice Hall, 3^rd Edition, 2007.

2. Mathew, Brand Management – Text & cases, MacMillan, 2008.

REFERENCES

1. Alice Tybout and Philip Kotler, Kellogg on Branding, Wiley, 2008

2. Lan Batey, Asian Branding – A Great way to fly, PHI, 2002.

3. Paul Tmepoal, Branding in Asia, John Willy, 2000.

4. Ramesh Kumar, Managing Indian Brands, Vikas Publication, India, 2002.

BA6002 - SERVICES MARKETING

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UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9

Definition – Service Economy – Evolution and Growth of Service Sector – Nature and Scope of Services – Unique Characteristics of Services – Challenges and Issues in Services Marketing.

UNIT II SERVICE MARKETING OPPORTUNITIES 9

Assessing Service Market Potential – Classification of Services – Expanded Marketing Mix – Service Marketing – Environment and Trends – Service Market Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning.

UNIT III SERVICE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT 9

Service Life Cycle – New Service Development – Service Blue Printing – Gap’s Model of Service Quality – Measuring Service Quality – SERVQUAL – Service Quality Function Development.

UNIT IV SERVICE DELIVERY AND PROMOTION 9

Positioning of Services – Designing Service Delivery System, Service Channel – Pricing of Services, Methods – Service Marketing Triangle – Integrated Service Marketing Communication.

UNIT V SERVICE STRATEGIES 9

Service Marketing Strategies for Health – Hospitality – Tourism – Financial – Logistics – Educational – Entertainment and Public Utility Information Technique Services – Case Studies.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS

1. Chiristropher H.Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz, Services Marketing, Pearson Education, New Delhi, 2004.

2. C Bhattacharjee, Services Marketing Concepts, Planning and Implementation, 1^st Edition, Excel books, 2006

REFERENCES

1. Hoffman, Marketing of Services, Cengage Learning, 1^st Edition, 2008.

2. K. Douglas Hoffman et al, Essentials of Service Marketing: Concepts, Strategies and Cases, Thomson Learning, 2^ndEdition. 2002.

3. Halen Woodroffe, Services Marketing, MacMillan, 2003.

4. Christian Gronroos, Services Management and Marketing a CRM Approach, John Wiley, 2001.

BA6003 - ADVERTISING AND SALES PROMOTION

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UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO ADVERTISING 9

Concept and Definition of Advertising – Social, Economic and Legal Implications of Advertising – Setting Advertising Objectives – Ad. Agencies – Selection and Remuneration – Advertising Campaigns – Case Studies.

UNIT II ADVERTISING MEDIA 9

Media Plan – Type and Choice Criteria – Reach and Frequency of Advertising – Cost of Advertising – Related to Sales – Media Strategy and Scheduling.

UNIT III DESIGN AND EXECUTION OF ADVERTISING 9

Message Development – Different Types of Advertising – Layout – Design Appeal – Copy Structure – Advertising Production – Print – Radio. T.V. and Web Advertising – Media Research – Testing Validity and Reliability of Ads – Measuring Impact of Advertising – Case Studies.

UNIT IV INTRODUCTION TO SALES PROMOTION 9

Scope and Role of Sales Promotion – Definition – Objectives of Sales Promotion – Sales Promotion Techniques – Trade Oriented and Consumer Oriented Promotions.

UNIT V SALES PROMOTION CAMPAIGN 9

Sales Promotion – Requirement Identification – Designing of Sales Promotion Campaign – Involvement of Salesmen and Dealers – Outsourcing Sales Promotion, National and International Promotion Strategies – Integrated Promotion – Coordination within the Various Promotion Techniques – Online Sales Promotions – Case Studies.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS

1. O’Guinn, Allen, Semenik, Advertising and Integrated Brand Promotion, 4^th Edition, Cengage Learning, 2009

2. George E Belch and Michael Belch, Advertising and Promotion, 6^th Edition. Tata McGraw Hill, 2008

REFERENCES

1. Wells, Moriarty & Burnett, Advertising, Principles & Practice, Pearson Education

7^th Edition, 2007.

2. Kenneth Clow. Donald Baack, Integrated Advertisements, Promotion and Marketing communication, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2003.

3. Shrimp, Advertising and promotion – An IMC Approach, 3^rd Edition, Cengage Learning, 2008.

4. Kruti Shah and Alan D’Souza, Advertising & Promotions – An IMC perspective Tata McGraw Hill, 2008.

BA6004 - CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR

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UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9

Concepts – Significance – Dimensions of Consumer Behaviour – Application of Knowledge of Consumer Behaviour in Marketing Decisions.

UNIT II CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR MODELS 9

Industrial and Individual Consumer Behaviour Models – Howard – Sheth, Engel – Kollat, Webstar and Wind – Consumer Behaviour Models – Implications of the Models on Marketing Decisions.

UNIT III INTERNAL INFLUENCES 9

Psychological Influences on Consumer Behaviour – Motivation – Perception – Personality Learning and Attitude– Self Image and Life Styles – Consumer Expectation and Satisfaction.

UNIT IV EXTERNAL INFLUENCES 9

Socio–Cultural, Cross Culture – Family group – Reference group – Communication – Influences on Consumer Behaviour

UNIT V PURCHASE DECISION PROCESS 9

High and Low Involvement – Pre–Purchase and Post–Purchase Behaviour – Online Purchase Decision Process – Diffusion of Innovation – Managing Dissonance – Emerging Issues – Case Studies.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS

1. David L. Loudon and Albert J Della Bitta, Consumer Behaviour, 4^th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2008.

2. Leon G.Schiffman and Leslie Lasar Kanuk, Consumer Behaviour, Pearson Education, India, 2002.

REFERENCES

1. Jay D. Lindquist and Joseph Sirgy, Shopper, Buyer and Consumer Behaviour, Biztantra 2008.

2. Paul Peter et al., Consumer Behaviour and Marketing Stratergy, Tata McGraw Hill, Indian Edition, 7^th Edition 2005.

3. Henry Assael, Consumer Behaviour – A Strategic Approach, Biztantra, 2007.

4. Satish k Batra and S H H Kazmi, Consumer Behaviour – Text and cases, 2^nd Edition, Excel Books Publication, 2008.

V TRIMESTER MARKETING – ELECTIVES

BA6031 - SALES MANAGEMENT

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UNIT I MEANING AND FUNCTIONS 8

Introduction – Meaning and Objectives – Responsibilities of Sales Managers – Sales Management vs Marketing Management – Organization of the Sales Department – Structures – Objectives – Determination of Functions – Sales department’s Integration with other Departments.

UNIT II SALES FORCE MANAGEMENT 9

Salesmanship – Meaning – Importance – Process of Selling – Focus on Customer Satisfaction and Building Seller Customer Relationship – Sales Force Management Quantitative and Qualitative Planning of Sales Force – Recruitment and Selection – Training– Motivation – Compensation – Appraisal of Performance and Promotion – Direction and Control of Sales Force.

UNIT III SALES VOLUME AND TERRITORY MANAGEMENT 9

Objectives of Sales Forecasting – Methods and Procedures of Sales Forecasting – Sales Budgets, Designing - Sales Territories and Quotas – Assigning Territories – Reasons for Selling and Using Quotas – Types of Quotas and Quota Selling Procedures – Administering the Quota System.

UNIT IV SALES PROMOTION 9

Sales Promotion Techniques – Customer Oriented Techniques – Salesman Oriented Techniques – Dealer Oriented Techniques – Government Department Oriented Techniques. Direct Marketing – Definition – Scope and Importance of Direct Marketing – Direct Marketing Mode – Telemarketing – Catalogue Marketing – Network Marketing – Data Base Marketing – Challenges in Direct Marketing.

UNIT V INDUSTRIAL SELLING 10

Concepts of Industrial Selling – Nature and Characteristic of Industrial Goods – Procedures in Buying Industrial Goods – Role of Service in Industrial Selling – Sales Polices and Procedures – Terms and Conditions of Sale – Handling Complaints - Case Studies.

Total : 45

TEXT BOOKS

1. Richard R.Still, Edward W.Cundiff, Norman A.P.Goveni, Sales Management Decisions, Strategies & Cases, Pearson Education, 2005.

2. David Jobber and Geoffery Lancaster, Selling and Sales Management, 7th Edition, Pearson Education, 2009.

REFERENCES

1. Charles M. Futvell , Sales Management, Team Work, Leadership and Technology, Thomson learning, South Western, Sixth Edition, 2003.

2. Spiro, Stanton and Rich, Management of a Sales Force, 11^th Edition, Tata McGrew Hill, 2008.

3. Krishna K Havaldar and Vasant M Cavale, Sales and Distribution Management – Text and cases, 4th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2008.

4. Earl D.Honeycutt, John B.Ford, Antonis C.Simintiras, Sales Management: A Global Perspective, Routledge Publisher. 2003.

BA6032 - CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT (CRM)

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UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9

Definitions – Concepts and Context of Relationship Management – Evolution – Transactional vs Relationship Approach – CRM as a Strategic Marketing Tool – CRM Significance to the Stakeholders.

UNIT II UNDERSTANDING CUSTOMERS 9

Customer Information Database – Customer Profile Analysis – Customer Perception, Expectations Analysis – Customer Behaviour in Relationship Perspectives; Individual and Group Customer’s – Customer Life Time Value – Selection of Profitable Customer Segments.

UNIT III CRM STRUCTURES 9

Elements of CRM – CRM Process – Strategies for Customer Acquisition – Retention and Prevention of Defection – Models of CRM – CRM Road Map for Business Applications.

UNIT IV CRM PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION 9

Strategic CRM Planning Process – Implementation Issues – CRM Tools – Analytical CRM – Operational CRM – Call Center Management – Role of CRM Managers.

UNIT V TRENDS IN CRM 9

e-CRM Solutions – Data Warehousing – Data mining for CRM – An Introduction to CRM Software Packages – ORACLE, SAP.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS

1. G.Shainesh, Jagdish, N.Sheth, Customer Relationship Management Strategic Perspective, MacMillan, 2005.

2. Alok Kumar et al, Customer Relationship Management : Concepts and Applications, Biztantra, 2008

REFERENCES

1. H.Peeru Mohamed and A.Sahadevan, Customer Relation Management, Vikas Publishing 2005.

2. Jim Catheart, The Eight Competencies of Relationship selling, Macmillan India, 2005.

3. Assel Henry, Consumer Behaviour, Cengage Learning, 6^th Edition. 2006.

4. Kumar, Customer Relationship Management – A Database Approach, Wiley India, 2007.

5. Francis Buttle, Customer Relationship Management : Concepts & Tools,

Elsevier, 2004.

BA6033 - RETAIL MANAGEMENT

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UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9

An Overview of Global Retailing – Challenges and Opportunities – Retail Trends in India – Socio Economic and Technological Influences on Retail Management – Government of India Policy Implications on Retails.

UNIT II RETAIL FORMATS 9

Organized and Unorganized Formats – Different Organized Retail Formats – Characteristics of Each Format – Emerging Trends in Retail Formats – MNC's Role in Organized Retail Formats.

UNIT III RETAILING DECISIONS 9

Choice of Retail Locations – Internal and External Atmospherics – Positioning of Retail Shops – Building Retail Store Image – Retail Service Quality Management – Retail Supply Chain Management – Retail Pricing Decisions.

UNIT IV RETAIL SHOP MANAGEMENT 9

Visual Merchandise Management – Space Management – Retail Inventory Management – Retail Accounting and Audits – Retail Store Brands – Retail Advertising and Promotions – Retail Management Information Systems – Online Retail – Emerging Trends.

UNIT V RETAIL SHOPPER BEHAVIOUR 9

Understanding of Retail Shopper Behaviour – Shopper Profile Analysis – Shopping Decision Process – Factors Influencing Retail Shopper Behaviour – Complaints Management – Retail Sales Force Management – Challenges in Retailing in India – Case Studies.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS

1. Michael Levy ,Baston, Aweitz and Ajay Pandit, Retail Management, 6^th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2007

2. Swapna Pradhan, Retail Management –Text and Cases, 3^rd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2009.

REFERENCES

1. Patrick M. Dunne and Robert F Lusch, Retailing, 4^th Edition, Thomson Learning 2008.

2. Chetan Bajaj, Rajnish Tow and Nidhi V. Srivatsava, Retail Management, Oxford University Press, 2007.

3. James R Ogden, et al, Integrated Retail Management, 1^st Edition, Biztantra, India, 2008.

4. Sivakumar, Retail Marketing, 1^st Edition, Excel Books, 2007.

BA6034 - ONLINE MARKETING

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UNIT I INTRODUCTION 8

Principles and Drivers of the New Marketing Environment – Internet Benefits and Problems – Ten C’s for Internet Marketers – Business Models and Categories for The Modern Economy – Intranet / Extranet.

UNIT II ONLINE MARKETING MIX 12

Planning Issues – Online Product – Customizing the Product Offerings, Branding Dimensions, New Product Development Online – Pricing Issues on the Web – Pricing Methods – Pricing Strategies And Tactics – Online Communications Tools – Online Advertising – In-Text Advertising, Intra Active Advertising – E Mail Marketing, Viral Marketing, Affiliate Marketing, Public Relations – Online Sales Promotions – Online Distribution and Procurement – Channel Strategies, Disintermediation, Logistics Management, Online Market Plans.

UNIT III ONLINE MARKETING STRATEGIES 8

Online Strategies – Online Consumer Behavior – Internet Market Research – Internet Retailing, Cause Marketing, Internet News Releases, News Letter Marketing, Social Media Marketing.

UNIT IV WEB AND MOBILE MARKETING 8

Online Marketing Research – Primary Research, Survey Methods, Web Site Development, Design and Contents – Modern Developments – Mobile Marketing – Event Promotion Contests.

UNIT V SEARCH ENGINE MARKETING 9

Search Engines, Search Engine Optimizations, Search Engine Advertising – Permission and Personalization Online – e-CRM and One to One Marketing, Permission Marketing, Personalization, Privacy and Trust – Online Marketing Legal Issues – Spam, Electronic Contract Information and Validation, Authentication, Security Data Protection, E-Payment Systems.

Total : 45

TEXT BOOK

1. Dave Chaffy et al, Internet Marketing – Strategy, Implementation and cases, 3^rd Edition, Pearson Education, 2006.

REFERENCES

1. Richard Gay, Alan Charlesworth and Rita Esen, Online Marketing – A customer Led Approach, Oxford University Press, 2009.

2. Mery Lou Roberts, Internet Marketing, 1^st Edition, Cengage Learning, 2009.

3. Sameer A. Kulkarni, A Text Book of Virtual Marketing, Excel Books, 2008.

IV TRIMESTER FINANCE – ELECTIVES

BA6005 - SECURITY ANALYSIS AND PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT

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UNIT I INVESTMENT SETTING 9

Financial and Economic meaning of Investment – Characteristics and Objectives of Investment – Types of Investment – Investment Alternatives – Choice and Evaluation – Risk and Return concepts.

UNIT II SECURITIES MARKETS 9

Financial Market – Segments – Types – Participants in Financial Market – Regulatory Environment, Primary Market – Methods of Floating New Issues, Book Building – Role of Primary Market – Regulation of Primary Market, Stock Exchanges in India – BSE, OTCEI , NSE, ISE, and Regulations of Stock Exchanges – Trading System in Stock Exchanges – SEBI.

UNIT III FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS 9

Economic Analysis – Economic Forecasting and Stock Investment Decisions – Forecasting techniques. Industry Analysis : Industry Classification, Industry Life Cycle – Company Analysis Measuring Earnings – Forecasting Earnings – Applied Valuation Techniques – Graham and Dodds Investor Ratios.

UNIT IV TECHNICAL ANALYSIS 9

Fundamental Analysis vs Technical Analysis – Charting methods – Market Indicators - Trend – Trend reversals – Patterns – Moving Average – Exponential moving Average – Oscillators – Market Indicators – Efficient Market theory.

UNIT V PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT 9

Portfolio analysis – Portfolio Selection – Capital Asset Pricing model – Portfolio Revision – Portfolio Evaluation.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS

1. Prasanna Chandra, Investment analysis and Portfolio Management, Tata McGraw Hill, 2008.

2. S. Kevin , Securities Analysis and Portfolio Management, 4^th Edition, PHI, 2008.

REFERENCES

1. Reilly & Brown, Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management, Cengage Learning, 8^th edition, 2008.

2. Donald E.Fischer & Ronald J.Jordan, Security Analysis & Portfolio Management, PHI Learning / Pearson Education., New Delhi, 6^th edition, 2008.

3. Punithavathy Pandian, Security Analysis and Portfolio Management, Vikas Publishing House 2006

4. V.K.Bhalla, Investment Management, S.Chand & Company Ltd., 2008.

BA6006 - MERCHANT BANKING AND FINANCIAL SERVICES

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UNIT I MERCHANT BANKING 5

Introduction – An Overview of Indian Financial System – Merchant Banking in India – Recent Developments and Challenges ahead – Institutional Structure – Functions of Merchant Bank – Legal and Regulatory Framework – Relevant Provisions of Companies Act – SERA – SEBI guidelines – FEMA, etc. – Relation with Stock Exchanges and OTCEI.

UNIT II ISSUE MANAGEMENT 12

Role of Merchant Banker in Appraisal of Projects, Designing Capital Structure and Instruments – Issue Pricing – Book Building – Preparation of Prospectus Selection of Bankers, Advertising Consultants, etc. – Role of Registrars – Bankers to the Issue, Underwriters, and Brokers – Offer for Sale – Green Shoe Option – E-IPO, Private Placement – Bought out Deals – Placement with FIs, MFs, FIIs, etc. Off – Share Issues – Issue Marketing – Advertising Strategies – NRI Marketing – Post Issue Activities.

UNIT III OTHER FEE BASED SERVICES 10

Mergers and Acquisitions – Portfolio Management Services – Credit Syndication – Credit Rating – Mutual Funds – Business Valuation.

UNIT IV FUND BASED FINANCIAL SERVICES 10

Leasing and Hire Purchasing – Basics of Leasing and Hire Purchasing – Financial Evaluation.

UNIT V OTHER FINANCIAL SERVICES 8

Consumer Credit – Credit Cards – Real Estate Financing – Bills Discounting – Factoring and Forfaiting – Venture Capital – Offshore Funding.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS

1. M.Y.Khan, Financial Services, 4^th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2008.

2. Nalini Prava Tripathy, Financial Services, PHI Learning, 2008

REFERENCES

1. S Gurusamy, Financial Services, Tata McGraw Hill, 2008.

2. Machiraju, Indian Financial System, Vikas Publishing House, 2nd Edition, 2002.

3. Varshney P.N. & Mittal D.K., Indian Financial System, Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi. 2000.

4. Sasidharan, Financial Services and System, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 1^st Edition, 2008.

BA6007 - TAXATION MANAGEMENT

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UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9

Direct Taxes, Indirect Taxes: Concept and Examples – Revenue Sharing between Centre and States – Finance Commissions: Role and Functions – Budgets – Tax Evasion and Tax Avoidance.

UNIT II INCOME TAX 9

Income Tax Law: Definitions – Concept of Income – Previous Year, Assessment Year – Residential Status – Heads of Income – Income from Business – Capital Gains – Carry Forward and Set-off of Losses – Exemptions and deductions – Assessment – Advance Tax – Tax Deduction at Source.

UNIT III CORPORATE TAXES 9

Corporate Taxes – Service Tax, VAT – Chargeability – Tax Management.

UNIT IV CENTRAL EXCISE LAW 9

Central Excise Law: Chargeability – Scope and Basis of Duty – Classification and Valuation of Goods – Out Payment – Clearance of Goods.

UNIT V CUSTOMS LAW 9

Customs Law: Levy – Exemptions – Collection of Customs – Customs Clearance of Import and Export Cargo.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS

1. V.K.Singhania , Direct Taxes Law and Practice, Taxmann Allied Services

Pvt.Ltd – Latest Edition.

2. Datey V.S., Indirect Taxes– Taxmann Allied services Pvt. Ltd., 2008.

REFERENCE

1. B B Lal, Direct Taxes, Pearson Publication, Latest edition. (Based on every year Financial Bill)

BA6008 - MUTUAL FUND ANALYSIS

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UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9

The Concept of Mutual Fund – Origin of Mutual Funds – Size of the Industry – Growth Trends – Role of Mutual Funds in Financial Market – Structure of Mutual Funds – Mutual Fund Expense – Entry Load, Exit Load – New Fund Offer – Net Asset Value, (NAV): Definition and Estimation Cum Dividend NAV and Ex Dividend NAV Dividend Distribution and Its Effects on NAV Reinvestment of Dividends Investment and Withdrawal Plans: Lumpsum and Systematic.

UNIT II TYPES OF MUTUAL FUND 9

Types of Funds – Open End Funds, Close End Funds, Equity Funds – Debt Funds – Money Market Funds – Sectoral Funds – Theme Funds – Exchange Traded Funds – Commodity Funds – Fund of Funds.

UNIT III RETURN AND RISK 9

Return and Risk – Type of Returns From Mutual Fund – Measurement of Return – Benchmark – Systematic Risk – Unsystematic Risk – Measurement of Risk – Standard Deviation – Volatility Confidence Intervals – Exponential Moving Average of Risk – Tracking Error.

UNIT IV EVALUATION 9

Performance Evaluation – Sharpe – Treynor – Jenson Index – Sortino Ratio – Famas Decomposition of Risk – Blacks Appraisal Ratio – Holding Period Analysis – Investor Selection of Mutual Fund. Comparative Study of Mutual Fund Performance based on Net Wealth Basis.

UNIT V MUTUAL FUNDS: REGULATIONS AND GOVERNANCE 9

SEBI and Mutual Funds – Qualifications and Obligations of AMC – How Mutual Funds are set up – Sponsor – Trusteeship – Rights and Responsibilities (or Obligations) of Registrar (or Transfer Agents), Trustee and Custodians – Marketing and Distribution Participants.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS

1. Mark Mobius, Mutual Funds an Introduction to Core Concepts, John Wiley & Sons, 2007.

2. John Haslem, Mutual Funds Risk and Performance Analysis for Decision Making,

Blackwell, 2003.

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Samir Barua et al , Portfolio Management , Tata McGraw Hill,1992

2. Punithavathy Pandian, Security Analysis and Portfolio Management, Vikas Publishing House 2006.

3. Sadhak H, Mutual Funds in India, Marketing strategies, Sage Publications, 2003

4. Sundar, Sankaran, Indian Mutual Funds. Hand Book Vision Books, 2007.

5. Sharpe, Investments, Prentice Hall India, 2002.

V TRIMESTER FINANCE – ELECTIVES

BA6035 - INTERNATIONAL TRADE FINANCE

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UNIT I INTERNATIONAL TRADE 8

International Trade – Meaning and Benefits – Basis of International Trade – Foreign Trade and Economic Growth – Balance of Trade – Balance of Payment – Current Trends in India – Barriers to International Trade – WTO – Indian EXIM Policy.

UNIT II EXPORT AND IMPORT FINANCE 8

Special need for Finance in International Trade – INCO Terms (FOB, CIF, etc.,) – Payment Terms – Letters of Credit – Pre Shipment and Post Shipment Finance – Forfeiting – Deferred Payment Terms – EXIM Bank – ECGC and its Schemes – Import Licensing – Financing Methods for Import of Capital Goods.

UNIT III FOREX MANAGEMENT 8

Foreign Exchange Markets – Spot Prices and Forward Prices – Factors Influencing Exchange Rates – The effects of Exchange Rates in Foreign Trade – Tools for Hedging against Exchange Rate Variations – Forward, Futures and Currency Options – FEMA – Determination of Foreign Exchange Rate and Forecasting.

UNIT IV DOCUMENTATION IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE 12

Export Trade Documents: Financial Documents – Bill of Exchange – Type – Commercial Documents – Proforma, Commercial, Consular, Customs, Legalized Invoice, Certificate of Origin Certificate Value, Packing List, Weight Certificate, Certificate of Analysis and Quality, Certificate of Inspection, Health certificate. Transport Documents – Bill of Lading, Airway Bill, Postal Receipt, Multimodal Transport Document. Risk Covering Document: Insurance Policy, Insurance Cover Note – Official Document: Export Declaration Forms, GR Form, PP From, COD Form, Softer Forms, Export Certification, GSPS – UPCDC Norms.

UNIT V EXPORT PROMOTION SCHEMES 9

Government Organizations Promoting Exports – Export Incentives: Duty Exemption – IT Concession – Marketing Assistance – EPCG, DEPB – Advance License – Other efforts – Export Promotion – EPZ – EQU – SEZ and Export House.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS

1. Apte P.G., International Financial Management, 5^th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2009.

2. Francis Cherunilem, International Trade and Export Management, 2^nd Edition, Himalaya Publishing House, 1997.

REFERENCES

1. Jeff Madura, International Corporate Finance, Cengage Learning, 8^th Edition, 2008.

2. Alan C. Shapiro, Multinational Financial Management, PHI Learning, 4^th Edition,

2008.

3. Cheol S Eun and Bruce Resnick, International Financial Management, 4^th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2008.

BA6036 - STRATEGIC INVESTMENT AND FINANCING DECISIONS

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UNIT I INVESTMENT DECISIONS 9

Project Investment Management vs Project Management – Introduction to Profitable Projects – Evaluation of Investment Opportunities – Investment Decisions under Conditions of Uncertainty – Risk Analysis in Investment Decision – Types of Investments and Disinvestments.

UNIT II APPRAISAL TECHNIQUES 12

NPV, IRR, Profitability Index, Pay Back, ARR – Significance of Information and Data Bank in Project Selections – Investment Decisions Under Capital Constraints – Capital Rationing, Portfolio – Portfolio Risk and Diversified Projects.

UNIT III STRATEGIC ANALYSIS OF SELECTED INVESTMENT DECISIONS 9

Lease financing – Lease vs Buy Decision – Hire Purchase and Installment Decision – Hire Purchase vs Lease Decision – Mergers and Acquisition – Cash vs Equity for Mergers.

UNIT IV FINANCING DECISIONS 6

Capital Structure – Capital Structure Theories – Capital Structure Planning in Practice.

UNIT V FINANCIAL DISTRESS 9

Consequences, Issues, Bankruptcy, Settlements, Reorganization and Liquidation in Bankruptcy.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS

1. Prasanna Chandra, Financial Management, 7^th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2008.

2. Prasanna Chandra, Projects : Planning, Analysis, Financing Implementation and Review, 10^th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2009.

REFERENCES

1. Bodie, Kane, Marcus : Investment, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi2002.

2. Brigham E. F & Houston J.F. Financial Management, Thomson Publications, 2003.

3. I. M.Pandey, Financial Management , Vikas Publishing House, 2003.

4. M.Y.Khan and P.K.Jain, Financial Management Text and Problems, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co, 2003.

BA6037 - DERIVATIVES MANAGEMENT

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UNIT I INTRODUCTION 10

Derivatives – Definition – Types – Forward Contracts – Futures Contracts – Options – Swaps – Differences between Cash and Future Markets – Types of Traders – OTC and Exchange Traded Securities – Types of Settlement – Uses and Advantages of Derivatives – Risks in Derivatives.

UNIT II FUTURES CONTRACT 10

Specifications of Futures Contract – Margin Requirements – Marking to Market – Hedging using Futures – Types of Futures Contracts – Securities, Stock Index Futures, Currencies and Commodities – Delivery Options – Relationship between Future Prices, Forward Prices and Spot Prices.

UNIT III OPTIONS 10

Definition – Exchange Traded Options, OTC Options – Specifications of Options – Call and Put Options – American and European Options – Intrinsic Value and Time Value of Options – Option Payoff, Options on Securities, Stock Indices, Currencies and Futures – Options Pricing Models – Differences between Future and Option Contracts.

UNIT IV SWAPS 7

Definition of SWAP – Interest Rate SWAP – Currency SWAP – Role of Financial Intermediary – Warehousing – Valuation of Interest rate SWAPs and Currency SWAPs Bonds and FRNs – Credit Risk.

UNIT V DERIVATIVES IN INDIA 8

Evolution of Derivatives Market in India – Regulations – Framework – Exchange Trading in Derivatives – Commodity Futures – Contract Terminology and Specifications for Stock Options and Index Options in NSE – Contract Terminology and Specifications for Stock Futures and Index Futures in NSE – Contract Terminology and Specifications for Interest Rate Derivatives.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS

1. S.L.Gupta, Financial Derivatives – Theory, Concepts and Problems, 5^th Edition, PHI, 2008.

2. John.C.Hull, Options, Futures and other Derivative Securities’, 7^th Edition, Pearson, 2008.

REFERENCES

1. Keith Redhead, ‘Financial Derivatives – An Introduction to Futures, Forwards, Options and SWAPs’,– PHI Learning, 2008.

2. Don M Chance and Robert Brooks, Derivatives and Risk Management Basics, Cengage, 2^nd Edition, 2009.

3. Jayanth Rama Varma, Derivatives and Risk Management, Tata McGraw Hill, 1^st Edition, 2008.

4. David Dubofsky, ‘Option and Financial Futures – Valuation and Uses, 2^nd Edition, McGraw Hill, International Edition. 1992.

BA6038 - BANKING AND INSURANCE

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BANKING

UNIT I BANKING SYSTEM AND STRUCTURE IN INDIA 7

Banking System and Structure in India – Types of Banks in Operations – Present Structure: Central Banking (RBI), Commercial Banking (Nationalized and Private), Cooperative Banking, (Financial Institutions like NABARD, IDBI, SIDBI, EXIM Bank, IFCI, ICICI, SHCL, DFHI, NHB, SFCs, etc.) Investment Banking, International banking – Role of Reserve Bank and GOI as Regulator Of Banking System – Provisions of Banking Regulation Act and Reserve Bank of India Act.

UNIT II BANKING TECHNOLOGY AND LENDING 11

Banking Technology – Home Banking – ATMs – Internet banking – Mobile banking – Core banking Solutions – Debit, Credit, and Smart Cards – EFD – RTGS – Banker as Lender – Types of Loans – Overdraft Facilities – Discounting of Bills – Financing Book Debts and Supply Bills – Charging of Security Bills – Pledge – Mortgage –

– Assignment.

INSURANCE:

UNIT III INTRODUCTION TO INSURANCE 9

Need for and Importance of Insurance, Insurance Functions and Services – Elements of Insurance Risk – Calculation of Human Life Value – Players in Life and Non-Life Insurance sector – Regulatory and Legal Framework Governing the Insurance Business and Economics of Insurance.

UNIT IV TYPES OF INSURANCE 9

Life Insurance and General Insurance Products

including Unit Linked Plans – Re-Insurance – Nature of Re-Insurance risk – Legal Framework of Life and General Insurance.

UNIT V INSURANCE PROGRAMS 9

Property Insurance – Liability Insurance – Health Insurance – Employee Benefits Plans – Life Insurance and Survivor Benefit Programs – Health Benefit Programs – Pension and Group Scheme – Retirement Insurance Programs – Income Tax Planning.

Total : 45

TEXT BOOK

1. Jyotsna Sethi, Nishwan Bhatia, Elements of Banking and Insurance, 2^nd Edition, PHI 2008.

REFERENCES

1. Koch W, Timothy, & S. Scott., Bank Management, Thomson, New Delhi, 2005

2. C.Arthur Williams ,l.smith and Peter C.Young, Risk Management and Insurance, 4^th Edition, Irwin McGraw Hill, 2007.

3. IIBF. “Principles of Banking” MacMillan, New Delhi.2007.

4. Sunderaram and Varshney, Banking Theory, Law and Practice, Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi, 2002.

IV TRIMESTER HUMAN RESOURCE – ELECTIVES

BA6009 - MANAGERIAL BEHAVIOUR AND EFFECTIVENESS

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UNIT I DEFINING THE MANAGERIAL JOB 8

Descriptive Dimensions of Managerial Jobs – Methods – Model – Time Dimensions in Managerial Jobs – Effective and Ineffective Job Behaviour – Functional and Level Differences in Managerial Job Behaviour.

UNIT II DESIGNING THE MANAGERIAL JOB 12

Identifying Managerial Talent – Selection and Recruitment – Managerial Skills Development – Pay and Rewards – Managerial Motivation – Effective Management Criteria – Performance Appraisal Measures – Balanced Scorecard – Feedback – Career Management – Current Practices.

UNIT III THE CONCEPT OF MANAGERIAL EFFECTIVENESS 7

Definition – The Person, Process, Product and Approaches – Bridging the Gap – Measuring Managerial Effectiveness – Current Industrial and Government Practices in the Management of Managerial Effectiveness – the Effective Manager as an Optimizer.

UNIT IV ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN MANAGERIAL EFFECTIVENESS 8

Organizational Processes – Organizational Climate – Leader – Group Influences – Job Challenge – Competition – Managerial Styles.

UNIT V DEVELOPING THE WINNING EDGE 10

Organizational and Managerial Efforts – Self Development – Negotiation Skills – Development of the Competitive Spirit – Knowledge Management – Fostering Creativity and Innovation.

Total: 45

REFERENCES

1. Peter Drucker, Management, Harper Row, 2005.

2. Milkovich and Newman, Compensation, McGraw Hill International, 2005.

3. Blanchard and Thacker, Effective Training Systems, Strategies and Practices

Pearson 2006.

4. Dubrin, Leadership, Research Findings, Practices & Skills, Biztantra, 2008.

5. Joe Tidd , John Bessant, Keith Pavitt , Managing Innovation ,Wiley 3^rd edition,2006.

6. T.V.Rao,Appraising and Developing Managerial Performance, Excel Books,2000.

7. R.M.Omkar, Personality Development and Career Management, S.Chand 1^stedition, 2008.

8. Richard L.Daft, Leadership, Cengage, 1^st Indian Reprint 2008.

BA6010 - ENTERPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT

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UNIT I ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCE 6

Entrepreneurship Concept – Entrepreneurship as a Career – Entrepreneurial Personality – Characteristics of Successful Entrepreneur – Knowledge and Skills of Entrepreneur.

UNIT II ENTREPRENEURAL ENVIRONMENT 12

Business Environment – Role of Family and Society – Entrepreneurship Development Training and Other Support Organizational Services – Central and State Government Industrial Policies and Regulations – International Business.

UNIT III BUSINESS PLAN PREPARATION 12

Sources of Product for Business – Pre-feasibility Study – Criteria for Selection of Product – Ownership – Capital – Budgeting Project Profile Preparation – Matching Entrepreneur with the Project – Feasibility Report Preparation and Evaluation Criteria.

UNIT IV LAUNCHING OF SMALL BUSINESS 10

Finance and Human Resource Mobilization – Operations Planning – Market and Channel Selection – Growth Strategies – Product Launching.

UNIT V MANAGEMENT OF SMALL BUSINESS 5

Monitoring and Evaluation of Business – Preventing Sickness and Rehabilitation of Business Units – Effective Management of Small Business.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOK

1. Rajeev Roy, Entrepreneurship, 2^nd Edition, Oxford University Press, 2008.

REFERENCES

1. Robert D Hisrich, et al, Entrepreneurship, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2008.

2. Poornima M Charantimath, Entrepreneurship Development, Small Business Enterprises, 4^th Edition, Pearson Education, 2009.

3. Madhurima Lall, Shikha Sahai, Entrepreneurship, 2^nd Edition, Excel Books, 2008.

4. Mathew Manimala, Entrepreneurship Theory at the Crossroads, Paradigms & Praxis, Biztrantra, 2^nd Edition, 2008.

BA6011 - ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY, DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT

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UNIT I ORGANIZATION AND ITS ENVIRONMENT 8

Meaning of Organization – Need for existence – Organizational Effectiveness – Creation of Value – Measuring Organizational Effectiveness – External Resources Approach, Internal Resources Approach – Systems Approach and Technical Approach – HR Implications.

UNIT II ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN 15

Organizational Design – Determinants – Components – Types – Basic Challenges of Design – Differentiation, Integration, Centralization, Decentralization, Standardization, Mutual Adjustment – Mechanistic and Organic Structures – Technological and Environmental Impacts on Design – Importance of Design – Success and Failures in design – Implications for Managers.

UNIT III ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE 6

Understanding Culture – Strong and Weak Cultures – Types of Cultures – Importance of Culture – Creating and Sustaining Culture – Culture and Strategy – Implications for Practicing Managers.

UNIT IV ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE 6

Meaning – Forces for Change – Resistance to Change – Types and Forms of Change – Evolutionary and Revolutionary Change – Change Process – Organization Development – HR Functions and Strategic Change Management – Implications for Practicing Managers.

UNIT V ORGANIZATION EVOLUTION AND SUSTENANCE 10

Organizational Life Cycle – Models of Transformation – Models of Organizational Decision making – Organizational Learning – Innovation, Intrapreneurship and Creativity – HR Implications.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS

1. Gareth R.Jones, Organizational Theory, Design & Change, Pearson Education, 7^th Edition 2009.

2. Richard L. Daft, Understanding the theory & Design of Organizations, Cengage Learning Western, 7^th Edition 2009.

REFERENCES

1. Thomson G. Cummings and Christopher G. Worley, Organizational development and Change, South Western Thompson, 2007

2. Robbins Organization Theory; Structure Design & Applications, Prentice Hall of India, 2005.

3. Bhupen Srivastava, Organizational Design and Development: Concepts application, Biztantra, 2007.

4. Adrian ThornHill, Phil Lewis, Mike Millmore and Mark Saunders, Managing

Change –A Human Resource Strategy Approach, Wiley, 2005

BA6012 - CHANGE MANAGEMENT

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UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9

Nature and Types of Organizational Change – Causes and Rationale for Change – Environmental and Internal Organizational Determinants of Change – Planned and Emergent Change – Proactive and Reactive Emergent Change and Responses to These Changes – Incremental and Radical Change – The Links Between Nature / Types of Change and Nature / Type of Leadership Required – Transactional vs Transformational.

UNIT II ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE 9

Perspectives of Organizational Change – Models of Change – Process Based, Content Based – Integration of Change Models – Resistance for Organization Change – Change and Its Impact.

UNIT III INTERVENTION STRATEGIES 9

Diagnostic Strategies and Skills – Intervention Strategies – Interpersonal, Team Development, Inter Group Development Interventions – Role of Power, Policies and Ethics in OD – Role of Change Agents and Leadership – Implementing Organization Change.

UNIT IV BEHAVIOURAL CHANGE 9

Behavioural Implications of Change – The Manifest, Latent and Paradoxical Consequences of Change – The Concept of Resigned Behavioural Compliance – The Positive and Negative Functions of Resistance – Intended and Unintended Behavioural Reaction to Downsizing and Delaying – Understanding and Managing Uncertainty and Ambiguity in the Change Process.

UNIT V INTERVENTION STRATEGY 9

Intervention Strategy – Advantages and Limitations of Change Technologies and Leadership Models – Leadership and Emotional Intelligence to Achieve Goals – Challenges of Leading Change.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS

1. Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G. Essentials of Organizational Development and Change, South Western College Publishing, Thomson Learning, 2001.

2. Radha R Sharma, Change Management – concept and applications, 2^nd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2006.

REFERENCES

1. Kavitha Singh, Organization Change and Development, 1^st Edition, Excel Books, 2005.

2. Palmar Dunford and Akin, Managing Organizational Change, 5^th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2006.

3. Adrian Thornhill et al, Managing Change – A Human Resource Strategy Approach, 7^th Edition, Pearson Education, 2008.

4. Leaon de Cal, Organization Change and Development, Sage Publication,1996.

V TRIMESTER HUMAN RESOURCE – ELECTIVES

BA6039 - STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT

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UNIT I HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT 10

Meaning – Strategic Framework for HRM and HRD – Vision, Mission and Values – Importance – Challenges to Organizations – HRD Functions – Roles of HRD Professionals – HRD Needs Assessment – HRD Practices – Measures of HRD Performance – Links to HR, Strategy and Business Goals – HRD Program Implementation and Evaluation – Recent Trends – Strategic Capability, Bench Marking and HRD Audit.

UNIT II E–HRM 6

e-Employee Profile – e-selection and Recruitment – Virtual learning and Orientation – e-Training and Development – e-Performance Management and Compensation Design – Development and Implementation of HRIS – Designing HR Portals – Issues in Employee Privacy – Employee Surveys Online.

UNIT III CROSS CULTURAL HRM 7

Domestic vs International HRM – Cultural Dynamics – Culture Assessment – Cross Cultural Education and Training Programs – Leadership and Strategic HR Issues in International Assignments – Current Challenges in Outsourcing, Cross border M&A – Repatriation, etc – Building Multicultural Organization – International Compensation.

UNIT IV CAREER & COMPETENCY DEVELOPMENT 10

Career Concepts – Roles – Career stages – Career planning and Process – Career Development Models – Career Motivation and Enrichment – Managing Career Plateaus – Designing Effective Career Development Systems – Competencies and Career Management – Competency Mapping Models – Equity and Competency based Compensation.

UNIT V EMPLOYEE COACHING & COUNSELING 12

Need for Coaching – Role of HR in Coaching – Coaching and Performance – Skills for Effective Coaching – Coaching Effectiveness – Need for Counseling – Role of HR in Counseling – Components of Counseling Programs – Counseling Effectiveness – Employee Health and Welfare Programs – Work Stress – Sources – Consequences – Stress Management Techniques – Eastern and Western Practices – Self Management and Emotional Intelligence.

Total:45

TEXT BOOKS

1. Randy L. Desimone, Jon M. Werner, David M. Mathis, Human Resource Development, Cengage Learning, 2007.

2. Richard Regis, Strategic Human Resource Management and Development,

1^st Edition, Excel Book Publication, 2008.

REFERENCES

1. Jeffrey A Mello, Strategic Human Resource Management, Cengage Learning, Southwestern 2007.

2. Bernadin, Human Resource Management, Tata McGraw Hill, 2006.

3. Robert L. Mathis and John H. Jackson, Human Resource Management, Cengage Learning, 2007.

4. Tony Edwards and Chris Rees, International Human Resource Management, Pearson Education, 2007.

BA6040 - KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

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UNIT I THE RISE OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT 9

Traditional Methods - Factors of Productivity - The Learning Organization - Role of Information Technology. Implications to Leadership and Competitiveness Concepts of Knowledge – Definitions – Attributes - Classification Framework.

UNIT II KNOWLEDGE AND ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGY 9

Elements of Organizational Strategy – Knowledge for Strategy Formulation and Implementation – Knowledge and Organizational Leadership.

UNIT III KNOWLEDGE AND ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESSES 9

Elements of Organizational Processes – Knowledge for Process Effectiveness and Efficiency – Knowledge Environment and Infrastructure.

UNIT IV KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT PROCESSES AND PRACTICES 9

Knowledge Creation and Acquisition – Knowledge Documentation and Retrieval – Knowledge Sharing and Application.

UNIT V KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND IT 9

Technology Components – Intranet and Groupware solutions – Tools for Collaborative Intelligence – Package Choices – Implementing Security – Integrating with web-based and Internal Operational and Support Systems.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOK

1. Kimiz Dalkir, Knowledge Management in Theory and Practice, 1^st Edition, Elsevier Publication, 2008.

REFERNCES

1. Bukowitz, Wendi R., and Ruth Williams, “The Knowledge Management Fieldbook”, Prentice–Hall, New York. 1999.

2. Amrit Tiwana. “The Essential Guide to Knowledge Management”, Pearson Education, 2001

3. Despres, C., and Daniele Chauvel (eds.), “Knowledge Horizons: The Present and the Promise of Knowledge Management”, Butterworth–Heinemann, New Delhi. 2001.

4. Gamble, Paul R., and John Blackwell; “Knowledge Management – A state of the art guide”; Kogan Page, London. 2001.

BA6041 - INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS AND LABOUR WELFARE

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UNIT I INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS 7

Concepts – Importance – Industrial Relations Issues in the Public Sector – Growth of Trade Unions – Codes of Conduct.

UNIT II INDUSTRIAL CONFLICTS 12

Disputes – Impact – Causes – Strikes – Prevention – Industrial Peace – Government Machinery – Conciliation – Arbitration – Adjudication.

UNIT III LABOUR WELFARE 8

Concept – Objectives – Scope – Need – Voluntary Welfare Measures – Statutory Welfare Measures – Labour – Welfare Funds – Education and Training Schemes.

UNIT IV INDUSTRIAL SAFETY 9

Causes of Accidents – Prevention – Safety Provisions – Industrial Health and Hygiene – Importance – Problems – Occupational Hazards – Diseases – Psychological problems – Counseling – Statutory Provisions.

UNIT V WELFARE OF SPECIAL CATEGORIES OF LABOUR 9

Child Labour – Female Labour – Contract Labour – Construction Labour – Agricultural Labour – Differently Abled Labour – BPO and KPO Labour – Social Assistance – Social Security – Implications.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS

1. Mamoria C.B. and Sathish Mamoria, Dynamics of Industrial Relations, Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi, 2007.

2. C.S.Venkata Ratnam, Industrial Relations, 9^th Edition. Oxford University Press, 2008.

REFERENCES

1. Srivastava, Industrial Relations and Labour laws, Vikas, 2007.

2. Ratna Sen, Industrial Relations in India, Shifting Paradigms, MacMillan Business Books, 2008.

3. B D Singh, Industrial Relations and Labour Laws, Excel Books, 2008.

4. Subba Rao , Essentials of Human Resource Management & Industrial relations (Text & Cases ), Himalaya Publications, 2007.

BA6042 - LABOUR LEGISLATIONS

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Legal Provision relating to

a) Wages

b) Working Conditions and Labour Welfare

c) Industrial Relations

d) Social Security

Contained in the following acts are to be studied.

Periods

1. The Factories Act, 1948 3

2. The Trade Unions Act, 1926 4

3. The Payment of Wages Act, 1936 3

4. The Minimum Wages Act, 1948 2

5. The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 4

6. The Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923 2

7. The Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 3

8. The Payment of Bonus Act, 1965 3

9. The Employee’s Provident Fund & Misc. Act, 1952 3

10. The Employees State Insurance Act, 1948 3

11. The Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946 3

12. The Apprentices Act, 1961 2

13. The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 2

14. The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 2

15. Contract Labour Regulations and Abolition Act, 1970 2

16. The Child Labour Prevention and Regulation Act, 1986 2

17. The Special Economic Zones Act, 2005 2

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS

1. P.K. Padhi, Industrial Laws, PHI, 2008.

2. Kapoor N. D , Elements of Mercantile Law, Sultan Chand, 2008.

REFERENCES

1. P R N Sinha, et al, Industrial Relations, Trade Unions and Labour Legislation, 5^th Edition, Pearson Education, 2009.

2. Tax Mann, Labour Laws, 2008.

3. D. R. N. Sinha, Indu Balasinha & Semma Priyadarshini Shekar, Industrial Relation, Trade unions and Labour Legislation, 2004.

IV TRIMESTER SYSTEMS ELECTIVES

BA6013 - INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR MANAGEMENT

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UNIT I IT IN THE ORGANIZATION 9

Organizations, Environment and Information Technology – The New World of Business – IT Developments and Trends – Information Technologies – Classification of Information System – Transactional and Functional Processing – Operational, Managerial and Strategic Systems –Information Infrastructure and Architecture – Managing Information Sources – Strategic Information System – Business Process Reengineering and IT.

UNIT II NETWORKS AND IT 9

Network Computing: Discovery, Communication and Collaboration – Groupware Technology and Infrastructure – Electronic Commerce – B2C, B2B Applications – Impacts of IT on Organizations, Individuals and Society.

UNIT III IT APPLICATIONS 9

Transaction Processing – Innovative Functional Systems – Supply Chain Integrations –Supporting Management and Decision Makings.

UNIT IV DATA KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT 9

Data Knowledge Management – Data Ware Housing, Mining and Data Visualization Technologies only – Intelligent Support System – AI, Expert System Voice to Neural Computing – Fuzzy Logic – Intelligent Agents – Virtual Reality.

UNIT V MANAGING IT 9

Planning for Information Technology and System – Information Technology Economics (Economic and Financial Trends – Benefits, Cost and Performance – Intangible Benefits) –System Development – Managing Information Resources, Control and Security.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOK

1. Turban ,McLean and Wetherbe “ Information Technology For Management”, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, (Asia) Pvt. Ltd. Singapore, 2001.

REFERENCE BOOK

1. Garroll W. Frenzel Johne. Frenzel, Management of Information Technology, Thomson Course Technology, Boston, 2004.

2. Effy Oz, Management Information Systems, 1^st Edition, Cengage Learning, 2008.

3. Henry C. Lucas. Jr, Information Technology – Strategic Decision Making for Managers, John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pvt. Ltd., Singapore, 2005.

4. Efraim Turban, R. Kelly Rainer Jr, Richard E. Potter, Introduction to Information Technology, John Wiley & Sons, (Asia) Pvt. Ltd. Singapore, 2004.

BA6014 - ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING

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UNIT I INTRODUCTION 8

Overview of Enterprise Systems – Evolution – Risks and Benefits – Fundamental Technology – Issues to be Consider in Planning Design and Implementation of Cross Functional Integrated ERP Systems – Case Studies.

UNIT II ERP SOLUTIONS AND FUNCTIONAL MODULES 10

Overview of ERP Software Solutions – Small Medium and Large Enterprise Vendor Solutions, BPR, Business Engineering and Best Business Practices – Business Process Management. Overview of ERP Modules – Sales and Marketing, Accounting and Finance, Materials and Production Management etc. – Case Studies.

UNITIII ERP IMPLEMENTATION 10

Planning Evaluation and selection of ERP Systems – Implementation Life Cycle – ERP implementation, Methodology and Frame Work – Training – Data Migration. People Organization in Implementation – Consultants, Vendors and Employees – Case Studies.

UNIT IV POST IMPLEMENTATION 8

Maintenance of ERP – Organizational and Industrial Impact; Success and Failure factors of and ERP Implementation – Case Studies.

UNIT V EMERGING TRENDS ON ERP 9

Extended ERP Systems and ERP bolt on – CRM, SCM, Business Analytics etc – Future Trends in ERP Systems – Web Enabled, Wireless Technologies so on – Case Studies.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOK

1. Alexis Leon, ERP demystified, second Edition Tata McGraw–Hill, 2006.

REFERENCES

1. Jagan Nathan Vaman, ERP in Practice, Tata McGraw–Hill, 2008

2. Mahadeo Jaiswal and Ganesh Vanapalli, ERP Macmillan India, 2006.

3. Vinod Kumar Grag and N.K. Venkitakrishnan, ERP – Concepts and Practice, Prentice Hall of India, 2006.

4. Mary Sumner, Enterprise Resource Planning, 4^th Edition, Pearson Education, 2008.

BA6015 - E-COMMERCE TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

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UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO E-COMMERCE 8

Electronic Commerce and Physical Commerce – Economic Forces – Advantages – Myths – Business Models.

UNIT II TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE 10

Internet and World Wide Web, Internet Protocols – FTP, Intranet and Extranet – Cryptography, Information Publishing Technology – Basics of Web Server Hardware and Software.

UNIT III BUSINESS APPLICATIONS 10

Consumer Oriented Ecommerce – Retailing and Models – Marketing on Web – Advertising, e-mail Marketing, e-CRM; Business Oriented e-commerce – e-Government, EDI on the Internet, SCM; Web Auctions, Virtual Communities and Web Portals.

UNIT IV ECOMMERCE PAYMENTS AND SECURITY 9

E payments – Characteristics of payment of systems, protocols, E-cash, E-cheque and Micro payment systems – Trust issues and security assurance – verisign.

UNIT V LEGAL AND PRIVACY ISSUES IN E– COMMERCE 8

Legal, Ethics and Privacy Issues – Protection Needs And Methodology – Consumer Protection, Cyber Laws , Contracts and Warranties . Taxation and Encryption Policies.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS

1. Hentry Chan & el, E–Commerce, fundamentals and Applications, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd, 2007.

2. Gary P. Schneider, Electronic commerce, 4^th Edition Thomson course technology, 2007

REFERENCES

1. Bharat Bhasker, Electronic Commerce – Frame Work Technologies and Applications, 3^rd Edition. Tata McGraw Hill Publications, 2008.

2. Kamlesh K.Bajaj and Debjani Nag, Ecommerce– the cutting edge of Business, Tata McGraw Hill Publications, 2008

3. Efraim Turban et al, Electronic Commerce – A managerial perspective, Pearson Education Asia, 2006.

4. Kalakota et al, Frontiers of Electronic Commerce, Addison Wesley, 2004

BA6016 - DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS

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UNIT I DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS 6

Decision Concept – steps – Decision Support System – Components – Characteristics –Classification & Application.

UNIT II MODEL MANAGEMENT 15

Models – Modeling Process – Types of Models – Optimization – Simulation – Heuristic – Descriptive – Predictive – Model base – Modeling Languages – Model Directory – Model Base Management System – Model Execution, Integration and Command Processing – Model Packages.

UNIT III DATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 7

Database – Sources of Data – Data Directory – Data Structure and Database Languages – Query Facility – Data Management System – DBMS as DSS Development Tool.

UNIT IV DIALOG MANAGEMENT 7

User Interface – Graphics – Multimedia – Visual Interactive Modeling – Natural Language Processing – Speech Recognition and under standing – Issues in User Interface.

UNIT V DEVELOPMENT OF DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM 10

Development Process – Software and Hardware and Data Acquisition – Model Acquisition – Dialog Development – Integration – Testing and Validation – Training and Implementation – Implementation of DSS through a mini Project.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOK

1. Marakas, ‘Decision Support System’, Prentice Hall International Paper back Edition, Delhi, 1998.

REFERENCES:

1. Efraim turban and Jay E Aronson, ‘Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems’, Prentice Hall International, 1998.

2. Janakiraman V.S. and Sarukesi. K. ‘Decision Support Systems’, Prentice Hall of India, 1999.

3. Lofti, ‘Decision Support System and Management’, McGraw Hill Inc., International Edition, New Delhi, 1996.

V TRIMESTER SYSTEMS ELECTIVES

BA6043 - ALGORITHMS AND C PROGRAMMING

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UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9

The Problem Solving Aspect – Top Down Design – Implementation of Algorithms – Program Verification – Efficiency of Algorithms – Analysis of Algorithms – Exchanging the values – Counting – Factorial Computation – SINE Computation – Base Conversion.

UNIT II FACTORING METHODS 9

Factoring Methods – Array Techniques – Merging – Sorting – Searching.

UNIT III OVERVIEW OF C 9

Overview of C – Constants – Variables and Data Types – Operators and Expressions – Managing Input / Output Operations – Formatted I/O – Decision Making – Branching – IF – Nested IF – Switch – Goto – Looping Statements.

UNIT IV ARRAYS 9

Arrays – Dynamic and multi dimensional arrays – Character arrays and Strings – String handling Functions – User defined Functions – Categories of Functions – Recursion – Structures and Unions – Array of Structures – Structures and Functions.

UNIT V POINTERS AND DECLARATION 9

Pointers – Declaration – Accessing a Variable – Character Strings – Pointers to Functions and Structures – File Management in C – Dynamic Memory Allocation.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS

1. Coremen T H, Leiserson C E and Rivest R L, Introduction to Algorithms, Prentice Hall, 2007.

2. Yashvant Kanetkar, Let us ‘C’, 8^th Edition, Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 2008.

REFERENCES

1. Bllis Horowetz, Sartaj Sahni, Sanguthevar Rajase Karan, Fundamentals of Computer Algorithms, Galgoties, 2006.

2. Deitel and Deitel, “C How to Program”, Addison Wesley, 2001.

3. Brian W.Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie, “C Programming Language”, Pearson Education, 1998.

BA6044 - SOFTWARE PROJECT AND QUALITY MANAGEMENT

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UNIT I INTRODUCTION 6

Product life Cycle, Project Life Cycle Models for software and Process Models.

UNIT II PROJECT MANAGEMENT PROCESS AND ACTIVITIES 9

Project Initiation, Project Planning and Tracking, Project Closure.

UNIT III ENGINEERING ACTIVITIES 9

Software Requirements Gathering, Estimation, Design and Development Phase. Project Management in the Testing and Maintenance Phase.

UNIT IV INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE QUALITY 10

Software Quality Views & Standards – Fundamental Measures, Size, Effort, Defects. Software Quality Metrics, Complexity Metrics. Defect Identification and Removal Efficiency. Function Points – Benchmarking for Software Quality.

UNIT V SOFTWARE QUALITY ASSURANCE 11

Reliability Models for Software Quality – ISO 9000 for Software Quality – CMM, CMMI, PCMM, PSP, and COCOMO – TQM for Software Quality.

Total 45

TEXT BOOKS

1. Roger S Pressman, ‘Software Engineering – A Practitioners Approach’, McGraw Hill International Edition, New Delhi, 2001.

2. Robert T Futrell, Donald F Shafer, Lurda I Safer, Quality Software Project Management, Pearson Education, 2002.

REFERENCES

1. Stephen Kan, ‘Software Quality Metrics and Models’, Pearson Education Asia, 2003.

2. Alan Gillies, ‘Software Quality – Theory & Management’, Thomson Learning, 2003.

3. Watts S Humphrey, Managing the Software Process, Addison Wesley, 1999.

4. Pankaj Jolote, Software Project Management in Practice, Addison Wesley, 2002.

5. Hughis, Software Project Management, 3^rd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2004.

BA6045 - MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS

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UNIT I FUNDAMENTALS 9

Multimedia Elements – Multimedia Applications – Multimedia Architecture – Evolving Technologies for Multimedia Systems – Defining Objects for Multimedia Systems – Multimedia Data Interface standards – Need for Compression – Multimedia Databases.

UNIT II COMPRESSION AND DECOMPRESSION 9

Types of Compression – Binary Image Compression Schemes – Color, Gray Scale, and Still-Video image Compression - Video image Compression – Audio Compression – Fractal Compression.

UNIT III FILE FORMAT, I/O, AND STORAGE TECHNIQUES 9

Data and File Formats: RTF – TIFF – RIFF – MIDI – JPEG DIB – AVI – MPEG – TWAIN. Input / Output Technologies: Pen Input – Video and Image Display systems, Print Output Technologies – Image Scanners – Digital Voice and Audio – Video images and Animation – Full Motion Video – Storage and Retrieval Technologies: Magnetic Media Technology – Optical Media – Hierarchical Storage Management – Cache Management for Storage Systems.

UNIT IV MULTIMEDIA AUTHORING AND HYPERMEDIA MESSAGING 9

Multimedia Authoring Systems – Hypermedia Application Design Considerations – User Interface Design – Information Access – Object Display / Playback Issues – Mobile Messaging – Hypermedia Message Components – Hypermedia Linking and Embedding – Creating Hypermedia Messages – Integrated Multimedia Message Standards – Integrated Document Management.

UNIT V MULIMEDIA SYSTEMS DESIGN AND EXAMPLE 9

Determining Enterprise Requirements – Business Model for IFC – Business Information Model for IFC – Architectural Recommendation and Technology Feasibility – Modeling the Objects – Analyzing Performance Requirements – Design Considerations – Designing Storage Distribution – Optimizing Network Transportation.

Total 45

TEXT BOOK

Prabhat K Andleigh, Kiran Thakrar, “ Multimedia Systems Design”, Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, 2007

REFERENCE BOOKS

Judith Jeffcoate, “ Multimedia In Practice: Technology and Applications”, Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, 1998.
John F. Koegel Buford, Multimedia Systems 1^st Edition, Pearson education, 2004.
Relf Steinmetz, klara Nahrstedt, Multimedia: Computing, Communications and Applications, 1^st edition, Pearson education, 2009.

BA6046 – CLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURE

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UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9

Overview: Definition, History, Myths, Transition to Client Server Computing, Database Architectures, Advantages and Disadvantages of Client Server Architecture.

UNIT II CLIENT-SERVER COMPONENTS 9

Components: Client, Server, Network, Role and Services of Client–Server, Selection of Operating System as Client and Server, Types of Client and Servers, Connectivity, Messaging and Peer-to-Peer Communication, Role of OSI Layer in Client Server, TCP/IP Networks.

UNIT III MIDDLE -WARE 9

Middle-Ware: Definition, Role, 2 Tier vs 3 Tiers, Network File System, Network Operating System, API, RPC Model and Implementation, IPC.

Database Server: Memory and Process Architecture, SQL and PL SQL.

UNIT IV CLIENT-SERVER PROCESSING 9

Client-Server Processing: Transaction Processing, Remote Processing, Distributed Processing. Developing and Managing C/S Applications: Development Tools, Network Management, Backup and Recovery, Data Integrity and Security.

UNIT V DATA WAREHOUSING 9

Distributed Objects: Introduction to ODBC & JDBC – Data Warehousing: Operational Data and Analytical Data, Architecture.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOK

1. Robert Orfali, Dan Harkey and Jere Edwadrs, The Essential Client/Server Survival Guide, Galgoties Publications, 2002.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Patrick Smith, Client / Server Computing (Professional Reference Series), Sam, 2^nd Sub Edition, 1997.

2. Jeffrey D. Schank, Novell’s Guide to Implementing Client Server Application and Architecture, Sybex, 1994.

IV TRIMESTER OPERATIONS ELECTIVES

BA6017 - FACILITIES LOCATION AND PROCESS DESIGN

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UNIT I INTRODUCTION 3

Facilities Requirements, Need for Layout Study – Types of Layout, Model Classification, Criterion Selection, Model Validation, Design Process.

UNIT II PLANT LAYOUT 10

Layout Problem, Plant Layout Procedures – Various Approaches, Flow and Activity Analysis, Designing the Layout.

UNIT III PLANT LOCATION 15

Plant Location Analysis – Factors, Costs, Location Decisions – Simple Problems in Single Facility Location Problems, Multi Facility Location Problems, Network Location Problems.

UNIT IV PROCESS MANAGEMENT AND STRATEGY 12

The Process View of Organizations, Performance Measures, Product Attribute and Process Competencies, Process Design, Planning, and Control, Strategic Positioning and Operational Effectiveness, Strategic Fit, Matching Products and Processes, Operations Frontier and Trade-offs.

UNIT V PROCESS FLOW 5

Process Flow, Key Measures, Flow Time, Flow Rate, Inventory Analysis, Process Flow Chart, Flow Time Measurement, Flow – Rate and Capacity Analysis, Managing Flow Variability, Process Integration – Lean Operations: Process Synchronization and Improvement

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS

1. Richard Francis, L. Leon McGinnis, F. Jr., John White, A., “Facility Layout and Location – an Analytical Approach”, 2^nd Ed, Prentice Hall of India, 2004.

2. Raví Anupindi, Sunil Chopra, Sudhakar Deshmukh,Jan A. Van Mieghem, and Eitan Zemel, “Managing Business Process Flows: Principles of Operations Management” Pearson Education, 2006

REFERENCES

1. G.Halevi and R.D.Weill, “Principles of Process Planning” Chappman and Hall, Madras 1995.

2. Drezner Zvi and Hamacher, Horst W, Facility Location: Applications and Theory, 2^nd Edition, Springer, 2002

3. J A Tompkins et al, Facility Planning, 3^rd Edition, John Wiely & Sons, 2003.

BA6018 - COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING (CAM)

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UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9

Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) – Definition, Concept, Evolution and Benefits. Types of Manufacturing Systems and Sub–systems. Automated Systems – Elements, Functions and Levels.

UNIT II COMPUTERS AND COMMUNICATION IN CIM 9

Hardware, Software and Security Requirements for Implementing CIM Systems. Communication Systems for CIMS – Communications Matrix, Network Architectures and Techniques. Overview of Creating and Maintaining a Manufacturing Systems Database.

UNIT III DESIGN AND PRODUCTION 9

Fundamentals of Design for Manufacturing (DFM), Computer Aided Design (CAD), 3D Modeling Packages, Finite Element Analysis Packages and Transportability. NC, CNC and DNC Machines. Introduction to Part – Programming - Tool Management - Data Logging and Acquisition - Automated Data Collection.

UNIT IV MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS 9

Manufacturing Systems – Components, Classifications and Functions. Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS) – Components, Applications and Benefits, Planning and Implementation issues in FMS. Group Technology – Part-Families, Classification and Coding.

UNIT V CURRENT TRENDS 9

Concurrent Engineering. Role of Expert Systems in CIMS. Robotics – Overview, Types in CIMS. Automated Guided Vehicles – Types and Technology, Control.

Overview of Automated Assembly Systems – Lean Production – Agile Manufacturing.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOK

1. Vajpayee Kant. S, Principles of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, Prentice Hall India, Second Indian Reprint, 2005.

REFERENCES

1. Mikell P.Groover, Automation, “Production Systems and Computer Integrated Manufacturing” PHI, 2001.

2. Ronald G.Askin, “Modeling and Analysis of manufacturing” John Wiley & Sons, 1993.

BA6019 - LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT

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UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO LOGISTICS AND COMPETITIVE STRATEGY 9

Definition and Scope of Logistics – Functions and Objectives – Customer Value Chain – Service Phases and Attributes – Value Added Logistics Services – Role of Logistics in Competitive Strategy.

UNIT II WAREHOUSING AND MATERIALS HANDLING 9

Warehousing Functions – Types – Site Selection – Decision Model – Layout Design – Costing – Virtual Warehouse.

Material Handling equipment and Systems – Role of Material Handling in Logistics. Material Storage Systems – Principles – Benefits – Methods. Automated Material Handling.

UNIT III PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT AND COSTS. 9

Performance Measurement – Need, System, Levels and Dimensions. Internal and External Performance Measurement. Logistics Audit.

Total Logistics Cost – Concept, Accounting Methods. Cost – Identification, Time Frame and Formatting.

UNIT IV TRANSPORTATION AND PACKAGING 9

Transportation System – Evolution, Infrastructure and Networks. Freight Management – Route Planning – Containerization. Modal Characteristics, Inter–Modal Operators and Transport Economies.

Packaging– Design considerations, Material and Cost. Packaging as Unitization – Consumer and Industrial Packaging.

UNIT V CURRENT TRENDS 9

Logistics Information Systems – Need, Characteristics and Design. E-Logistics – Structure and Operation. Logistics Resource Management. Automatic Identification Technologies. Warehouse Simulation.

Reverse Logistics – Scope, Design and as a Competitive Tool. Global Logistics – Operational and Strategic Issues. Strategic Logistics Planning.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOK

1. Douglas M Lambert et al, Fundamentals of Logistic Management, McGraw Hill,

1997.

REFERENCES

1. Sople Vinod V, Logistics Management – The Supply Chain Imperative, Pearson Education, Indian Reprint 2004.

2. Ronald H Ballou, Business Logistic Management, PHI, 2005.

3. Benjamin S Blanchand, Logistic Engineering and Management, Pearson Education, 2009.

4. Bloomberg David J et al., Logistics, Prentice Hall India, 2005.

BA6016 - DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS

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UNIT I DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS 6

Decision Concept – Steps – Decision Support System – Components – Characteristics –Classification & Application.

UNIT II MODEL MANAGEMENT 5

UNIT III DATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 7

Database – Sources of Data – Data Directory – Data Structure and Database Languages – Query Facility – Data Management System – DBMS as DSS Development Tool.

UNIT IV DIALOG MANAGEMENT 7

User Interface – Graphics – Multimedia – Visual Interactive Modeling – Natural Language Processing – Speech Recognition and Understanding – Issues in User Interface.

UNIT V DEVELOPMENT OF DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS 10

Development Process – Software and Hardware and Data Acquisition – Model Acquisition – Dialog Development – Integration – Testing and Validation – Training and Implementation.

Total : 45

TEXT BOOK

1. Marakas, ‘Decision Support Systems’, Prentice Hall International Paper back Edition, Delhi, 1998.

REFERENCES

1. Efraim turban and Jay E Aronson, ‘Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems’, Prentice Hall International, 1998.

2. Janakiraman V.S. and Sarukesi. K. ‘Decision Support Systems’, Prentice Hall of India, 1999.

3. Lofti, ‘Decision Support Systems and Management’, McGraw Hill Inc., International Edition, New Delhi, 1996.

V TRIMESTER OPERATIONS ELECTIVES

BA6047 - SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

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UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9

Supply Chain – Fundamentals, Importance, Decision Phases, Process View. Supplier – Manufacturer – Customer Chain. Drivers of Supply Chain Performance. Structuring Supply Chain Drivers. Overview of Supply Chain Models and Modeling Systems.

UNIT II STRATEGIC SOURCING 9

In-sourcing and Out-sourcing – Types of Purchasing Strategies. Supplier Evaluation, Selection and Measurement. Supplier Quality Management. Creating a world class Supply Base. World Wide Sourcing.

UNIT III SUPPLY CHAIN NETWORK 9

Distribution Network Design – Role, Factors Influencing, Options, Value Addition. Models for Facility Location and Capacity Location. Impact of uncertainty on Network Design. Network Design Decisions Using Decision Trees. Distribution Center Location Models. Supply Chain Network Optimization Models.

UNIT IV PLANNING DEMAND, INVENTORY AND SUPPLY 9

Overview of Demand Forecasting in the Supply Chain. Aggregate Planning in the Supply Chain. Managing Predictable Variability.

Managing Supply Chain Cycle Inventory. Uncertainty in the Supply Chain – Safety Inventory. Determination of Optimal Level of Product Availability. Coordination in the Supply Chain.

UNIT V CURRENT TRENDS 9

E–Business – Framework and Role of Supply Chain in e-Business and B2B Practices. Supply Chain IT Framework. Internal Supply chain management. Fundamentals of Transaction Management. Supply Chain in IT Practice. Supplier Relationship Management. Information Systems Development. Packages in Supply Chain –eSRM, eLRM, eSCM. Supply Base Management.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOK

1. Sunil Chopra and Peter Meindi, Supply Chain Management–Strategy Planning and Operation, Pearson Education, Third Indian Reprint, 2004.

REFERENCES

1. Monczka et al., Purchasing and Supply Chain Management, Thomson Learning, Second edition, Second Reprint, 2002.

2. Shapiro Jeremy F, Modeling the Supply Chain, 2^nd Edition, Thomson Learning, 2002.

3. Janat Shah, Supply Chain Management Text and Cases, Pearson 2009

4. R P Mohanty and S G Deshmukh, Supply Chain Management Theory and Practices, Biztantra, 2009.

BA6048 - TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT

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UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO QUALITY MANAGEMENT 9

Definitions – TQM Framework, Benefits, Awareness and Obstacles. Quality – Vision, Mission and Policy Statements. Customer Focus – Customer Perception of Quality, Translating Needs into Requirements, Customer Retention. Dimensions of Product and Service Quality - Cost of Quality.

UNIT II PRINCIPLES AND PHILOSOPHIES OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT 9

Overview of the Contributions of Deming, Juran Crosby, Masaaki Imai, Feigenbaum, Ishikawa, Taguchi, Shingeo and Walter Shewhart. Concepts of Quality circle, Japanese 5S Principles and 8d Methodology.

UNIT III STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL AND PROCESS CAPABILITY 9

Meaning and Significance of Statistical Process Control (SPC) – Construction of Control Charts for Variables and Attributed. Process Capability – Meaning, Significance and Measurement – Six Sigma Concepts of Process Capability. Reliability Concepts – Definitions, Reliability in Series and Parallel, Product Life Characteristics Curve. Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) – Relevance to TQM, Tero Technology. Business Process Re-Engineering (BPR) – Principles, Applications, Reengineering Process, Benefits and Limitations.

UNIT IV TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR QUALITY MANAGEMENT 9

Quality Functions Development (QFD) – Benefits, Voice of Customer, Information Organization, House of Quality (HOQ), Building a HOQ, QFD Process. Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) – Requirements of Reliability, Failure Rate, FMEA Stages, Design, Process and Documentation. Taguchi Techniques – Introduction, Loss Function, Parameter and Tolerance Design, Signal to Noise Ratio. Seven Old (Statistical) Tools. Seven New Management Tools. Bench Marking and POKA YOKE.

UNIT V QUALITY SYSTEMS ORGANIZING AND IMPLEMENTATION 9

Introduction to IS/ISO 9004:2000 – Quality Management Systems – Guidelines for Performance Improvements. Quality Audits. TQM Culture, Leadership – Quality Council, Employee Involvement, Motivation, Empowerment, Recognition and Reward. Information Technology – Computers and Quality Functions, Internet and Electronic Communications. Information Quality Issues.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS

1. Dale H.Besterfield et al, Total Quality Management, 9^th edition, Pearson

Education, 2009.

2. Shridhara Bhat K, Total Quality Management – Text and Cases, 1^st Edition

Himalaya Publishing House, 2002

REFERENCES

1. James R Evans, William M Lindsay, The Management and Control of Quality, 6^th Edition, Cengage Learning, 2008.

2. Rose J.E. Total Quality Management, Kogan Page India Pvt. Ltd, 1993.

3. Frank M Gryna et al, Juran’s Quality Planning & Analysis for Enterprise Quality, 5^th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2007.

4. Poornima M.Charantimath., Total Quality Management, Pearson Education,

First Indian Reprint, 2003.

BA6049 - ADVANCED MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT

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UNIT I MAINTENANCE CONCEPT 9

Objectives and Functions of Maintenance, Types, Maintenance Strategies. Organization for Maintenance. Five Zero Concept.

UNIT II FAILURE DATA ANALYSIS 9

MTBF, MTTF, Useful Life – Survival Curves – Repair Time Distribution Breakdown Time Distributions, Poisson, Exponential and Normal Distribution. Availability of Repairable Systems – Maintainability Prediction – Design for Maintainability.

UNIT III MAINTENANCE AND REPLACEMENT 9

Maintenance Planning: Overhaul and Repair: Meaning and Difference, Optimal Overhaul / Repair / Replace Maintenance Policy for Equipment Subject to Breakdown.

Replacement Decisions: Optimal Interval between Preventive Replacement of Equipment Subject to Breakdown, Group Replacement.

UNIT IV MAINTENANCE SYSTEMS 9

Fixed Time Maintenance, Condition based Maintenance, Operate to Failure, Opportunity Maintenance, Design out Maintenance, Total Productive Maintenance.

UNIT V ADVANCED TECHNIQUES 9

Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) – Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) – Philosophy and Implementation. Signature Analysis – MMIS – Expert Systems – Concept of Tero Technology - Reengineering Maintenance Process.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS

1. R.C.Mishra & K.Pathak, Maintenance Engineering & Management, PHI, 2005

2. Sushil Kumar Srivatsava, Industrial Maintenance Management, S.Chand & Company, 2005

REFERENCES

1. Gopalakrishnan, P. Banerji, A.K., “Maintenance and Spare Parts Management”, Prentice Hall of India, 2004

2. Kelly and M.J. Harris "Management of Industrial Maintenance", Butterworth and Company Limited, 2007.

3. AKS Jardine "Maintenance, Replacement and Reliability", Pitman Publishing, 2005.

BA6050 - SIMULATION AND MODELLING

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UNIT I INTRODUCTION 7

Systems, Modeling, General Systems Theory, Concept of Simulation, Simulation as a Decision Making Tool, Types of Simulation.

UNIT II RANDOM NUMBERS 7

Pseudo Random Numbers, Methods of Generating Random Variates, Discrete and Continuous Distributions, Testing Of Random Numbers.

UNIT III DESIGN OF SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS 9

Problem Formulation, Data Collection And Reduction, Time Flow Mechanism, Key Variables, Logic Flow Chart, Starting Condition, Run Size, Experimental Design Consideration, output Analysis and Interpretation Validation.

UNIT IV SIMULATION LANGUAGES 13

Simulation Languages – Study of GPSS and Applications.

UNIT V CASE STUDIES/MINI PROJECT 9

Development of Simulation Models using the Simulation Language Studied for Systems – Queuing Systems, Production Systems, Inventory Systems, Maintenance and Replacement Systems, Investment Analysis and Network.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOK

1. Jerry Banks and John S.Carson, Barry L Nelson, David M.Nicol, Discrete Event System Simulation, Prentice Hall, India, 2002.

REFERENCES

1. Geoffrey Gordan, System Simulation, 2^nd edition PHI, 2008.

2. Shannon, R.E. Systems simulation, The Art and Science, PHI, 1975.

3. Thomas J.Schriber, Simulation using GPSS, John Wiley, 1991.

MBA 1st year syllabus

2010-06-18T18:57:00.004+05:30

ANNA UNIVERSITY TIRUCHIRAPPALLI

Tiruchirappalli - 620 024

Regulations 2008

Syllabus

Master of Business Administration (MBA)

TRIMESTER I

BA6111 - PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT

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UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT AND Historical Development 9

Definition of Management - Science or Art - Management and Administration - Development - Management Thought - Contribution of Taylor and Fayol - Functions of Management - Managerial Roles - Levels of Management - Types of Business Organization.

UNIT II PLANNING 9

Nature and Purpose - Steps involved in Planning - Objectives - Setting Objectives - Types of Plan -Process of Managing by Objectives – Strategies - Policies and Planning Premises - Forecasting -Decision-Making.

UNIT III ORGANISING and human resource management 9

Nature and Purpose - Formal and Informal Organization - Organization Chart - Structure and Process - Departmentation by different Strategies - Line and Staff Authority - Benefits and Limitations - De-Centralization and Delegation of Authority - Introduction to Human Resource Management.

UNIT IV Directing 9

Scope - Human Factors - Creativity and Innovation - Harmonizing Objectives - Leadership - Types of Leadership - Leadership Theories - Motivation - Hierarchy of Needs - Motivation Theories -Motivational Techniques - Job Enrichment .

UNIT V CONTROLLING AND INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT 9

System and process of Controlling - Requirements for effective Control - The Budget as Control Technique - Information Technology in Controlling - Use of computers in handling the information -Productivity - Problems and Management - Control of Overall Performance - Direct and Preventive Control - Reporting - The Global Environment - Globalization and Liberalization - International Management and Global Theory of Management. Total: 45

TEXT BOOK

1. H. Koontz, H. Weihrich, and Ramachandra Aryasri A., “Principles of Management”, 1^st Edition, Tata McGraw -Hill Publishing Company Ltd., 2006.

REFERENCES

1. Stephen P Robbins, “Fundamentals of Management: Essential Concepts and Applications”, 5^th Edition, Pearson Education., 2005

2. R. Sivarethinamohan and P. Aranganathan, “Principles of Management”, 1^st Edition, CBA/Tata McGraw -Hill Publishing Company Ltd., 2005.

3. JamesA F Stoner ,Edward Freeman and Gilbert, “Management”, 6^th Edition, Pearson Education, 1995./ Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 2007.

4. Durbin, “Essentials of Management” 7^th Edition, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., 2007.

BA6112 - STATISTICS FOR MANAGEMENT

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UNIT I FUNDAMENTALS OF PROBABILITY 9

Basic Definitions and Rules for Probability - Conditional Probability Independence of Events - Baye’s Theorem and Random Variables - Probability Distributions – Binomial - Poisson and Normal Distributions.

UNIT II SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION AND ESTIMATION 9

Introduction to Sampling Distributions - Sampling Distribution of Sample Mean and Sample Proportion - Application of Central Limit Theorem - Sampling Techniques - Estimation and Confidence Intervals - Point and Confidence Interval Estimates for Population Parameters of Large Sample and Small Samples - Determining the Sample Size.

UNIT III TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS 9

Hypothesis Testing - General Procedure for Hypothesis Testing - Errors in Hypothesis Testing - One Sample and Two Sample Tests for Means and Proportions of Large Samples (Z-Test) - One Sample and Two Sample Tests for Means of Small Samples (T-Test) - F-Test for Two Sample Standard Deviations.

UNIT IV NON-PARAMETRIC METHODS 9

The Chi-Square Test - Statistic - Applications of Chi-Square Tests - Test of Independence of Attributes - Goodness of Fit - Yates Correction for Continuity

Sign Test for Paired Data, Rank Sum Test: Mann-Whitney U Test and Kruskal Wallis Test, One Sample Run Test, Rank Correlation.

UNIT V CORRELATION, REGRESSION AND TIME SERIES ANALYSIS 9

Correlation Analysis - Estimation of Regression Line - Time Series Analysis - Variations in Time Series- Trend Analysis - Cyclical Variations - Seasonal Variations and Irregular Variations.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOK

1. Richard I. Levin and David S. Rubin, “Statistics for Management”, 7^th Edition, Pearson Education, 1998. / Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, 2001.

REFERENCES

1. T N Srivastava and Shailaja Rego, “Statistics for Management”, 1^st Edition, Tata McGraw -Hill Publishing Company Ltd., 2007.

2. Levine D.M., Krehbiel T.C. and Berenson M.L., “Business Statistics: A First Course”, Pearson Education Asia, 2^nd Edition, 2007.

3. S.P.Gupta, “Statistical Methods”, 7^th Edition, S. Chand and Co. Ltd., 2004.

4. Anderson and Skini, “Statistics for Business and Economics”, 9^th Edition, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., 2007.

BA6113 - ACCOUNTING FOR MANAGEMENT

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FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING

UNIT I BASIC FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING 9

Accounting Principles - Concepts and Conventions - Accounting Standards - Preparation of Journal, Ledger - Trial balance and Final Accounts – Trading and Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet.

MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING AND COST MANAGEMENT

UNIT II FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONS 9

Meaning and Types of Financial Statements - Financial Ratio Analysis - Cash Flow and Funds Flow Statement Analysis.

UNIT III COST ELEMENTS AND MATERIAL CONTROL 9

Costing as an aid to Management - Methods of Costing - Types or Techniques of Costing - Elements of Cost - Cost Sheet - Cost Classification - Techniques of Material Control - Re-Order Level - Minimum and Maximum Level - Danger Level - Average Stock Level - Economic Ordering Quantity - ABC and JIT Inventory System - Methods of Valuing Material Issues - FIFO, LIFO, HIFO, Simple Average and Weighted Average.

UNIT IV COST ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS 9

Job Order Costing - Batch Costing - Contract Costing - Process Costing - Activity Based Costing - Target Costing.

UNIT V COST ANALYSIS 9

Marginal Costing and Profit Planning - Managerial Applications - Budgetary Control (Classification of Budgets)- Standard Costing – Variance Analysis – Direct Material Variances - Direct Labour Variances - Overhead Variances and Sales Variances. Total: 45

TEXT BOOK

1. M.Y.Khan & P.K.Jain, “ Management Accounting”, 4^th Edition, Tata McGraw -Hill Publishing Company Ltd., 2007.

REFERENCES

1. Horngren Charles T., Sundem Gary L., Stratton William O. “Introduction to Management Accounting” 13^th Edition, Pearson Education, 2005. / Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 2006.

2. M.P Pandikumar, “ Management Accounting: Theory and Practice”, 1^st Edition, Excel Books Pvt. Ltd., 2008.

3. Hensen, “Management Accounting”, 7^th Edition, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., 2007.

4. S.N Maheswari, “Financial & Management Accounting”, 7^th Edition, Sultan Chand &. Sons Pvt.Ltd., 2004.

BA6114 - BUSINESS ECONOMICS

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UNIT I NATURE AND SCOPE OF ECONOMIC ISSUES 10

Micro and Macro Economic Variables - Law of Demand, Elasticity, Demand Forecasting - Diminishing Marginal Utility - Consumer Surplus, Break Even-Point - Perfect and Imperfect Competition - Market Equilibrium. Role of Economic Planning - Indian Economic Planning.

UNIT II ANALYSIS OF MACRO ECONOMICS 15

National Income - Determination of National Income - Circular Flow of Income - Keynesian Perspective - Consumption, Savings, Investment, Multiplier, Accelerator - Business Cycle.

UNIT III ANALYSIS OF MONEY MARKET 10

Demand and Supply of Money - Money Market Equilibrium - The Role of Money - Monetary Policy - Indian Perspectives.

UNIT IV INFLATION AND ECONOMIC POLICIES 10

Analysis of Inflation and Unemployment, Fiscal Policy, EXIM Policy - Balance of Payments, Exchange Rate - The Role of Economic Policies - Indian Experiences.

UNIT V ANALYSIS OF EXTERNAL SECTOR 15

International Trade - Trade Multiplier - Linkage Model - Free Trade and Protection - Analysis of Performance of Indian Economy in External Sector-Broad Perspective of Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization.

Total: 60

TEXT BOOK

1. Paul A .Samuelson and William D.Nordhaus, “Economics”, 18^th Edition, Tata McGraw -Hill Publishing Company Ltd., 2006.

REFERENCES

1. Dwivedi, “Macro Economics”, 2^nd Edition, Tata McGraw -Hill Publishing Company Ltd., 2007.

2. KA Chrystal, RG Lipsey , “Economics for Business and Management”, 2^th Edition, Oxford University Press New York, 2007.

3. Maheswari, “Managerial Economics”, 2^th Edition, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 2005.

4. Mankiw, “Principles of Macroeconomics”, 4^th Edition, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., 2007.

BA6115 - ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR

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UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR 9

Definition, Need and Importance of Organizational Behaviour – Contributing Discipline to the Organizational Behaviour – Field-Challenges and Opportunities for Organizational Behaviour -Organizational Behaviour Models.

THE INDIVIDUAL

FOUNDATIONS OF INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR

Ability - Intellectual, Physical Abilities and the Ability to Job Fit. Learning - Types of Learners - the Learning Process - Learning Theories - Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning and Social Learning - Organizational Behaviour Modification.

UNIT II VALUES, ATTITUDES AND JOB SATISFACTION 9

Values – Importance, Types of Values, Values Across Culture Attitudes – Types – Cognitive Dissonance Theory – Self Perception Theory - Affective Components – Attitude Survey – Attitude and Work Diversity. Job Satisfaction – Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Absenteeism and Turnover.

PERSONALITY AND PERCEPTION

Personality and Emotions – Types – Personality Determinants – Theories. Perceptions - Importance -Factors Influencing Perception - Interpersonal Perception.

THE GROUP

UNIT III GROUP BEHAVIOUR 9

Work group - Defining and Classifying Groups – Reason for Joining Groups - Stages of Group Development - Five Stages Model - Group Structure – Roles, Norms, Status, Group Size and the Degree of Group Cohesiveness - Group Decision Making Techniques.

Work Teams – Types – The Key Components making up Effective Teams - Context, Composition, Work Design and Process - Team and Quality Management - Group Dynamics.

UNIT IV POWER AND POLITICS 9

Power - Definition – Bases – Dependency: the Key to Power - Power Tactics-Power in Groups - Politics – Definition the Reality of Politics Factor Contributing – Employee Responses to Organizational Politics.

UNIT V CONFLICT, NEGOTIATION AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE 9

Conflict - Definition – Functional and Dysfunctional Conflict – Conflict Process – Conflict Resolution Technique. Negotiation – Definition - Approaches to Negations – The Negation Process - Third Party Negotiation. Organizational Culture – Learning Culture of Employees - Creating an Ethical Organizational Culture – Creating a Customer Responsive Culture.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOK

1. Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A Judge and Seema Sanghi, “Organization Behavior”, 12^th Edition, Pearson Education , 2007. [Indian Adapted Edition]

REFERENCES

1. Fred Luthans, “Organizational Behavior”, 11^th Edition, Tata McGraw -Hill Publishing Company Ltd., 2007.

2. Hellriegal and Slocum, “Fundamentals of Organization Behavior”, 1^st Edition, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., 2007.

3. Hitt, Miller, Colella, “Organizational Behavior: A Strategic Approach”, 1st Edition, Wiley India Pvt.Ltd., 2006.

4. Debra L.Nelson & James Campell quick, “Organization Behavior”, 5^th Edition, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., 2007.

TRIMESTER II

BA6121 - BUSINESS COMMUNICATION SKILLS

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UNIT I EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATIONS IN BUSINESS 9

Importance and Benefits - Components, Concepts and Problems - Non Verbal - The 7 C's of Effective Communication - Business Communication and the Global Context - Business Communication and the Ethical Context - Business Communication and the Technology Context.

UNIT II MESSAGE DESIGN 9

The Process of Preparing Effective Business Messages - The Appearance and Design of Business Messages - Good News and Neutral Messages.

UNIT III WRITTEN COMMUNICATION 9

Major Plans for Letters and Memos - Bad News Messages - Persuasive Written Messages - Written Communication, Reports - Short Reports - Long (Formal) Reports – Proposals.

UNIT IV STRATEGIES FOR ORAL COMMUNICATION 9

Strategies for Successful Speaking and Successful Listening - Strategies for Successful Informative and Persuasive Speaking - Strategies for Successful Interpersonal Communication - Strategies for Successful Business and Group Meetings.

UNIT V THE JOB APPLICATION PROCESS 9

The Job Application Process - The Written Job Presentation - Interviews and Follow-up.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOK

1. Herta A Murphy, Herbert W Hildebrandt and Jane P Thomas, “Effective Business Communication”, 7^th Edition, Tata McGraw -Hill Publishing Company Ltd., 2008.

REFERENCES

1. Krizan, “Business Communication”, 7^th Edition, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., 2007

2. Randolph H. Hudson and Bernard J.Selzler, “Business Communication”, 5^th Edition, Jaico Publishing House, 2006.

3. Bhatiya. R.C, “Business Communication”, 2^nd Edition, Ane Books India, 2008.

4. Meenakshi Raman and Prakash Singh, “Business Communication”, 1^st Edition, Oxford University Press New York, 2006.

BA6122 - OPERATIONS RESEARCH FOR MANAGEMENT

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UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO LINEAR PROGRAMMING (LP) 9

Introduction to applications of Operations Research in functional areas of Management - Linear Programming - Formulation - Solution by Graphical and Simplex Methods – Special cases of LP.

UNIT II DUALITY AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF LP 9

Principles of Duality - Sensitivity Analysis using Simplex Final Table – Solving Problems using Computer Packages (LINDO / LINGO / Solver) - Sensitivity Analysis with computer output.

UNIT III TRANSPORTATION AND TRANSHIPMENT MODELS 9

Transportation Models (Minimising and Maximising Cases) – LP Formulation – Transportation Method - Initial basic feasible solution methods, MODI method, Cases of degeneracy.

Sensitivity Analysis of transportation problem, LP Formulation for Transshipment Problems – Transportation Tableau for Transshipment Problems.

UNIT IV ASSIGNEMENT MODELS AND INTEGER LINEAR PROGRAMMING 9

Assignment Models (Minimising and Maximising Cases) – LP Formulation - Solution by Hungarian Method - Traveling Salesman problem, Crew Assignment Models.

Integer Programming (IP) – Formulation - Pure Integer Programming, Mixed Integer Programming, (0-1) Integer Programming - Solution using Computer Packages – Understanding the Computational Intractability of Large Scale IP Problems in Obtaining Optimal Solution.

UNIT V GAME THEORY AND DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING 9

Game Theory -Two person Zero-Sum and Constant-Sum Games - Saddle Points, Dominance Rule and Graphical Solution – LP and Zero-Sum Games, Two-Person Non-Constant-Sum Games.

Dynamic Programming - Belman’s Principal of Optimality, Deterministic Model – Forward and Backward Recursion and its Applications.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOK

1. D R Anderson, D J Sweeny, T A Williams “An Introduction to Management Science : Quantitative Approaches to Decision Making”, 11^th Edition, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd.

2. Hamdy A. Taha, Operations Research: An Introduction”, Prentice Hall of India.

REFERENCES

1. Frank S. Budnick, Dennis McLeavy, Richard Mojana “ Principles of Operations Research for Management” Irwin Series in Quantitative Analysis for Business, AITBS Publishers, New Delhi.

2. Hiller F.S and Liberman G.J., Introduction to Operations Research, 7^th Edition, Mcgraw-Hill 2001.

3. Ravindra A., Philips D.T. and Solberg J.J., “ Operations Research – Principles and Practice”, 2^nd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2000.

4. R.Sivarethinamohan, “Operations Research”, 1^st Edition, Tata McGraw -Hill, 2006.

5. LINDO - www.lindo.com (a student version of LINDO/LINGO/Solver can be downloaded freely)

BA6123 - MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS

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UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9

Information System - Establishing the Framework - Business Model - Information System Architecture - Evolution of Information Systems.

UNIT II SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT 9

Modern Information System - System Development Life Cycle - Structured Methodologies - Designing Computer Based Method, Procedures Control, Designing Structured Programs.

UNIT III INFORMATION SYSTEM 9

Functional Areas, Finance, Marketing, Production, Personnel - Levels, Concepts of DSS, EIS, ES -Comparison, Concepts and Knowledge Representation - Managing International Information System.

UNIT IV IMPLEMENTATION AND CONTROL 9

Testing Security - Coding Techniques - Detection of Error - Validation - Cost Benefits Analysis - Assessing the Value and Risk Information Systems.

UNIT V SYSTEM AUDIT 9

Software Engineering Qualities - Design, Production, Service, Software Specification, Software Metrics, Software Quality Assurance - Systems Methodology - Objectives - Time and Logic, Knowledge and Human Dimension - Software Life Cycle Models - Verification and Validation.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOK

1. Jane P. Laudon and Kenneth C. Laudon, “Management Information Systems”, 10^th Edition, Pearson Education, 2007. / Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 2008.

REFERENCES

1. James O Brien, George Marakas, “Management Information Systems”, 7^th Edition, Tata McGraw -Hill Publishing Company Ltd., 2007.

2. Ralph M. Stair and George W. Reynolds, “Principles of Information Systems”, 6^th Edition, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., 2007.

3. M.Jaiswal and Monica Mittal, “Management Information System”, 1^st Edition, Oxford University Press New York, 2004.

4. Jawadekar, “Management Information Systems”, 3^rd Edition, Tata McGraw -Hill Publishing Company Ltd., 2007.

BA6124 - MARKETING MANAGEMENT

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UNIT I FOUNDATIONS OF MARKETING 10

Marketing Conceptual Frame Work - Marketing Environment - Customer Oriented Organization -Marketing Interface with other Functional Areas Marketing in a Globalised Environment.

UNIT II MARKETING MIX 15

Product Planning And Development - Product Life Cycle - Brand Management, Developing New Product - Market Segmentation - Targeting and Positioning, Pricing Decisions - Channel Design and Management - Retailing and Wholesaling - Promotion Methods. Advertisement, Sales Promotion and Personal Selling, Public Relations.

UNIT III BUYING BEHAVIOUR 15

Customer Value - Understanding Industrial and Individual Buyer Behavior - Influencing Factors –Customer Decision Making Process.

UNIT IV MARKETING RESEARCH 10

Types – Process – Application of Marketing Research - Preparation of Marketing Research Report -Sample Case Studies.

UNIT V INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IMPACT ON MARKETING DECISIONS 10

Online Marketing - Web Based Marketing Programmes - Emerging New Trends and Challenges to Marketers.

Total: 60

TEXT BOOK

1. Philip Kotler, Kevin Lane Keller, Abraham Koshy, and Mithileshwar Jha, “Marketing Management”, 13^th Edition, Pearson Education [South Asian Edition].

REFERENCES

1. Etzel, Stanton and Pandit, George Marakas, “Marketing Concepts and Cases”, 12^th Edition, Tata McGraw -Hill Publishing Company Ltd., 2006.

2. Kurtz and Boone, “Principles of Marketing”, 12^th Edition, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., 2007

3. Rajen Saxzena, “Marketing Management”, 3^rd Edition, Tata McGraw -Hill Publishing Company Ltd., 2006.

4. Adrian Palmer, “Introduction to Marketing”, 1^st Edition, Oxford University Press New York, 2004.

BA6125 - CORPORATE FINANCE

L	T	P	C
3	0	0	3

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

UNIT I FOUNDATIONS OF FINANCE 9

Financial Management - an Overview, Time Value of Money. Introduction to the Concept of Risk and Return of a Single Asset and Portfolio, Valuation of Bonds and Shares Option Valuation.

UNIT II INVESTMENT DECISIONS 9

Capital Budgeting: Principles and Techniques, Nature of Capital Budgeting, Identifying Relevant Cash Flows, Evaluation Techniques, Payback, Accounting Rate of Return, Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, Profitability Index, Comparison of DCF Techniques, Project Selection Under Capital Rationing.

Cost of Capital : Concept and Measurement of Cost of Capital, Specific Costs and Overall Cost of Capital.

UNIT III FINANCING AND DIVIDEND DECISION 9

Leverage: Financial and Operating Leverage.

Capital Structure: Determinants - Theories, Cost of Capital - Types - Specific and Weighted Average Cost of Capital.

Dividend Policy: Determinants - Theories, Forms of Dividend Policy, Practical Considerations, Forms of Dividends, Share Splits.

UNIT IV WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT 9

Principles of Working Capital: Concepts Need; Determinants, Issues and Estimation of Working Capital, Accounts Receivables Management and Factoring, Inventory Management, Cash Management, Working Capital Finance, Trade Credit, Bank Finance and Commercial Paper.

UNIT V CAPITAL MARKET AND LONG TERM FINANCE 9

Indian Capital and Stock Market, New Issues Market, Derivatives and Risk Management -Types of Derivatives – Future and Forward Contracts, Swaps, Structured Notes and Inverse Floaters. Options – Types – Strike Price, Call Option, Put Option - The Black–Scholes Option Pricing Models (Theory Only). Long Term Finance: Shares Debentures and Term Loans, Lease, Hire Purchase, Project Financing, Venture Capital Financing (Theory Only).

Total: 45

TEXT BOOK

1. M.Y. Khan and P.K. Jain, “ Financial Management, Text, Problems and Cases”, 5^th Edition, Tata McGraw -Hill Publishing Company Ltd., 2007

REFERENCES

1. Ross and Westerfield, “Fundamentals of Corporate Finance”, 8^th Edition, Tata McGraw -Hill Publishing Company Ltd., 2007.

2. Van Horne, “Financial Management and Policy”, 12^th Edition, Pearson Education, 2002 / Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 2007.

3. Aswat Damodaran, “Corporate Finance Theory and Practice”, 2^nd Edition, Wiley India, 2008.

4. I.M.Pandey, “Financial Management”, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., 9^th Edition, 2007.

TRIMESTER III

BA6131 - PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT

L	T	P	C
3	1	0	4

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS

MANAGEMENT 12

Production and Operations Management (POM) - Need - History - System – Types - Functions and Communication in POM. Computer Integrated Manufacturing and Services Systems. Global / Trade Operations and Supply Network Applications.

UNIT II MATERIAL AND INVENTORY MANAGEMENT 12

Material Management (MM) - Handling Technology (Robots, Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems (ASRS) and Methods (JIT, / Kanban, ABC Systems).

Independent Demand Inventory Models - Fixed Order System - Basic EOQ - EBQ Models - Quantity Discount Models. Dependent Demand Inventory Models - MRP-I and MRP-II Systems - Introduction to ERP - e-business and e-operations Strategies.

UNIT III PLANNING AND FORECASTING 12

Introduction to Strategic – Tactical – Operational - Aggregate and Capacity Planning - Planning Product Design and Development - Applications of CAD - Expert Systems – Standardization - Group Technology (GT) and Research and Development.

Forecasting - Types, Methods (Qualitative and Quantitative) - Types of Variation in Data - Minimising Forecasting Errors and Selection of Forecasting Methods.

UNIT IV SCHEDULING AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODS 12

Johnson’s Algorithm for Job Sequencing (n Job thro’ 2 Machines, n Jobs Thro’ 3 Machines, n Jobs Thro’ m Machines and 2 Jobs Thro’ m Machines).

Use of Gantt charts - Queuing Analysis and Critical Ratios as Methods for Job Scheduling. PERT / CPM - Drawing the Network - Computation of Processing Time - Floats and Critical Path - Resource Leveling Techniques.

UNIT V FACILITY, LAYOUT LOCATION AND WORK MEASUREMENT 12

Facility Location Decisions (FLcD) - Selections of Country - Region and Site - Facility Layout Decision (FLyD) - Types (Fixed Position, and Production, Process, Flexible), Methodologies (Distance Minimising - Computer Software Systems (CRAFT, CORELAP, ALDEP), Line Balancing and Performance Ratios - Work Measurement Methods (WM) - Time Study- Methods - Time Measurement - Work Sampling - White Collar Measurement And Learning Curves - Using WM to Increase Productivity.

Total: 60

TEXT BOOK

1. William J. Stevenson, “Operations Management”, 8^th Edition, Tata McGraw -Hill Publishing Company Ltd., 2006.

REFERENCES

1. Lee J. Krajewski, Larry P. Ritzman and Manoj K. Malhotra, “Operations Management”, 8^th Edition, Pearson Education, 2007 [Indian Adapted Edition].

2. Martand T Telsang, “Production Management”, 2^nd Edition, S Chand and Company, 2007.

3. Gaither, “Operations Management”, 9^th Edition, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., 2007.

4. S.Mahadevan, “Operations Management”, 1^st Edition, Pearson Education, 2007.

BA6132 - HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

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3	0	0	3

UNIT I PERCEPTIVE IN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 9

Evolution of Human Resource Management - The Importance of the Human Factor - Objectives of Human Resource Management - Role of Human Resource Manager - Human Resource Policies - Computer Applications in Human Resource Management.

UNIT II THE CONCEPT OF BEST FIT EMPLOYEE 9

Importance of Human Resource Planning - Forecasting Human Resource Requirement - Internal and External Sources - Selection Process Screening - Tests - Validation - Interview - Medical Examination - Recruitment Introduction - Importance - Practices - Socialization Benefits.

UNIT III TRAINING AND EXECUTIVE DEVELOPMENT 9

Types of Training Methods – Purpose, Benefits, Resistance - Executive Development Programmes -Common Practices - Benefits - Self Development - Knowledge Management.

UNIT IV SUSTAINING EMPLOYEE INTEREST 9

Compensation Plan - Reward - Motivation - Theories of Motivation - Career Management - Development Mentor - Protégé Relationships.

UNIT V PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND CONTROL PROCESS 9

Method of Performance Evaluation - Feedback - Industry Practices - Promotion – Demotion - Transfer and Separation - Implication of Job Change - The Control Process - Importance - Methods - Requirement of Effective Control Systems Grievances - Causes - Implications - Redressal Methods.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS

1. Decenzo and Robbins, “Human Resource Management”, 6^th Edition Wiley, 2001.

2. Biswajeet Pattanayak, “Human Resource Management”, 3^rd Edition, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, 2006.

REFERENCES

1. Aswathappa, K. “Human Resource Management”, 5^th Edition, Tata McGraw -Hill Publishing Company Ltd, 2007.

2. Dessalar, “Human Resource Management”, 11^th Edition, Pearson Education, 2008. / Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 2008.

3. Mathis, “Human Resource Management”, 10^th Edition, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., 2007.

4. P. Jothi and D.N. Venkatesh, “Human Resource Management”, 5^th Edition, Oxford University Press New York, 2006.

BA6133 - BUSINESS LAW

L	T	P	C
3	0	0	3

UNIT I MERCANTILE AND COMMERCIAL LAW 15

The Indian Contract Act 1872

Essential of a Valid Contract - Void Agreements - Formation of a Contract - Performance of Contracts - Breach of Contract and its Remedies - Quasi Contracts.

The Sale of Goods Act 1930

Sales Contract - Transfer of Title and Risk of Loss - Warranties in Sales Contract - Performance of Sales Contracts - Conditional Sales and Rights of an Unpaid Seller.

Negotiable instruments Act 1881

Nature and Requisites of Negotiable Instruments - Transfer of Negotiable Instruments and Liability of Parties - Enforcement of Secondary Liability - Holder in Due Course - Special Rules for Cheque and Drafts - Discharge of Negotiable Instruments.

Agency

Nature of Agency - How Created - Agent’s Authority and Liability of Principal and Third Party: Rights and Duties of Principal - Agents and Third Party - Liability of Principal or Agents Torts - Termination of Agency.

UNIT II COMPANY LAW 10

Major Principles - Nature and Types of Companies - Formation - Memorandum and Articles of Association - Prospectus - Power - Duties And Liabilities of Directors - Winding up of Companies - Corporate Governance.

UNIT III INDUSTRIAL LAW 10

An Overview of Factories Act - Payment of Wages Act - Payment of Bonus Act - Minimum Wages Act - Industrial Disputes Act.

UNIT IV INCOME TAX AND SALES TAX ACT (Theory Only) 5

Income Tax Act 1961 - Definitions: Assessee, Income, Previous Year, Assessment Year - Computation of Total Income: Major Heads - Deductions from Gross Total Income – Assessment of Companies: General Principles.

Central Sales Tax: Inter State Trade – Inter State sales tax.

VAT: Concept - Enforceability-Dealer – Sale – Quantum - Tax Credit - Exemptions.

UNIT V CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT AND INTRODUCTION OF CYBER LAWS 5

Consumer Protection Act - Role of NGO’s. Cyber Laws - Definition - Needs - Importance - Act – Laws - Provisions in India – IT Act.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS

1. Pathak and Akhileshwar, “Legal Aspects for Business”, 3rd Edition, Tata McGraw –Hill

Publishing Company Ltd, 2007.

2. Sen and Mitra, “Commercial and Industrial law”, The World Press Pvt. Ltd, 1996.

REFERENCES

1. Tulsian, “Business law”, 2nd Edition, Tata McGraw -Hill Publishing Company Ltd., 2000.

2. N.D. Kapoor, “Elements of Mercantile Law”, Sultan Chand and Sons Pvt.Ltd., 2006.

3. Goel, “Business law”, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd, 2007.

4. Moshal B.S., “Business and Industrial Law”, 1st Edition, Ane Books India Pvt.Ltd., 2008.

5. Cyber Law, ICFAI Publication, 2008.

6. V.K.Singhania , Direct Taxes Law and Practice, Taxmann Allied Services Pvt.Ltd - Latest Ed.

BA6134 - RESEARCH METHODS IN MANAGEMENT

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3	0	0	3

UNIT I SCIENTIFIC METHOD 8

Introduction - Scientific Methods - Issues of Management Research - Overview of Research in Management - Scientific Research and Management - Research Problems - Identification - Definition - Research Design - Process.

UNIT II RESEARCH PROBLEM 8

Problem Solving - General Problem Solving - Approaches - Development of Creativity - Group Problem Solving Techniques for Idea Generation - Formulation of Research Problem - Approaches to Management Research Problem - Exploration for Problem Identification - Hypothesis Generation - Formulation of the Problem - Research Proposal - Purpose - Types.

UNIT III RESEARCH DESIGN AND TYPES OF RESEARCH 10

Experimental Research - Principles - Laboratory - Experimental Designs - Quasi Experimental Designs - Action Research Ex Post Facto Research - Introduction - Quantitative Research Methods -Evaluation Research. Modeling Research I - Mathematical Models

Modeling Research II - Heuristics and Simulation.

UNIT IV RESEARCH DESIGN FOR DATA ACQUISITION 10

Measurement Design - Primary Types of Measurement Scales - Error - Validity and Reliability in Measurement - Sample Design - Non Probability and Probability Sampling - Determination of Samples.

Acquisition and Preparation of Research Data

Data Collection Procedures - Sources of Secondary Data - Primary Data Collection Methods - Non Sampling Errors - Validity and Reliability of Data Collection Procedures. - Data Preparation and Preliminary Data Analysis.

UNIT V DATA ANALYSIS AND REPORTING 9

Hypothesis Testing - Univariate Analysis - Bivariate Analysis and Hypothesis Testing - Analysis of Experimental Data - Multivariate Analysis of Data - Dependence Analysis -Multivariate Analysis of Data II - Interdependence Analysis - Report Writing.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOK

1. K.N. Krishnaswamy, Appa Iyer Sivakumar and M.Mathirajan,“ Management Research Methodology: Integration of Methods And Techniques.” 1^stEdition, Pearson Education, 2007.

REFERENCES

1. Zikmund, “Business Research Methods”, 7^thEdition, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., 2007.

2. Donald R Cooper, and P S Schindler, “Business Research Methods”, 9^th Edition, Tata McGraw -Hill Publishing Company Ltd., 2007.

3. Paneer Selvam, “Research Methodology”, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd / Pearson Education, 2007.

4. Sekaran, “Research Methods for Business”, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd, 2007.

BA6135 - DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

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3	0	0	3

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9

Database Systems - Definition - Components - Advantages - Objectives - Evolution.

UNIT II MODELS 9

DBMS Architecture - Associations - Relationships - Mappings between Abstractions - Generalization - Classifications - Conceptual Data Modeling - File Organization (Types Only) - Data Models: HDBMS - NDBMS - RDBMS - OODBMS.

UNIT III DATABASE DESIGN 9

Relational Data Model - Relational Algebra - ER Diagrams - Data Dictionary - Normalization -Boyce Code Normal Forms - Integrity - Relational Database Languages - Database Administration -File Structures and Indexing.

UNIT IV OBJECT MODELLING 9

Object Oriented Concepts - Structure - Models and Databases - Object Life Cycle Modeling - Objects - Classes - Patterns - Object Interaction Modeling - Object Oriented Design - UML.

UNIT V OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT 9

Client / Server and Databases - Data Warehousing - Query Processing - Concurrency Management -Heterogeneous and Homogenous Systems - Distributed Databases - Controls - Atomicity - Recovery - Security - Back-up and Recovery.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOK

1. Hansen and Hansen, “Database Management and Design”, 2^nd Edition, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, 1996.

REFERENCES

1. Jeffrey A. Hoffer, Mary B. Prescott, Fred R. Mcfadden, “Modern Database Management”, 7^th Edition., Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, 2007.

2. M Toledo, “Database Management Systems”, 1^st Edition, Tata McGraw -Hill Publishing Company Ltd., 2007.

3. A K Majumdar, “Introduction to Database Management Systems”, 1^st Edition, Tata McGraw -Hill Publishing Company Ltd, 2005.

Anna university news for mba

2010-06-18T18:02:00.001+05:30

M.B.A. - Trimester Examination Commences on 12.07.2010. Last date of fees submission for M.B.A. Trimester is 29.06.2010

Media

2010-06-18T16:41:00.002+05:30

INTRODUCTION :

MEDIA (COMMUNICATION)

In communication, media (singular medium) are the storage and transmission channels or tools used to store and deliver information or data. It is often referred to as synonymous with mass media or news media, but may refer to a single medium used to communicate any data for any purpose.

The word "communication" is derived from the Latin root "communicare". This was due to the Roman Empire also devising what might be described as a mail or postal system, in order to centralize control of the empire from Rome. This allowed for personal letters and for Rome to gather knowledge about events in its many widespread provinces. More advanced postal systems later appeared in the Islamic Caliphate and the Mongol Empire during the Middle Ages.
The adoption of a dominant communication medium is important enough that historians have folded civilization into "ages" according to the medium most widely used. A book titled "Five Epochs of Civilization" by William McGaughey (Thistlerose, 2000) divides history into the following stages: Ideographic writing produced the first civilization; alphabetic writing, the second; printing, the third; electronic recording and broadcasting, the fourth; and computer communication, the fifth. The media affects what people think about themselves and how they perceive people as well. What we think about self image and what others should look like comes from the media.
While it could be argued that these "Epochs" are just a historian's construction, digital and computer communication shows concrete evidence of changing the way humans organize. The latest trend in communication, termed smartmobbing, involves ad-hoc organization through mobile devices, allowing for effective many-to-many communication and social networking.
ELECTRONIC MEDIA
Main article:
ELECTRONIC MEDIA
In the last century, a revolution in telecommunications has greatly altered communication by providing new media for long distance communication. The first transatlantic two-way radio broadcast occurred in 1906 and led to common communication via analogue and digital media:
Analog telecommunications include traditional telephony, radio, and TV broadcasts.
Digital telecommunications allow for computer-mediated communication, telegraphy, and computer networks.
Modern communication media now allow for intense long-distance exchanges between larger numbers of people (many-to-many communication via e-mail, Internet forums). On the other hand, many traditional broadcast media and mass media favor one-to-many communication (television, cinema, radio, newspaper, magazines).
SOCIAL IMPACT
Media technology has made communicating increasingly easier as time has passed throughout history. Today, children are encouraged to use media tools in school and are expected to have a general understanding of the various technologies available. The internet is arguably one of the most effective tools in media for communication. Tools such as e-mail, MSN, Facebook etc, have brought people closer together and created new online communities. However, some may argue that certain types of media can hinder face-to-face communication and therefore can result in complications like identity fraud.
In a large consumer-driven society, electronic media (such as television) and print media (such as newspapers) are important for distributing advertisement media. More technologically advanced societies have access to goods and services through newer media than less technologically advanced societies.
Media has helped to connect diverse people from far and near geographical location. It has also helped in the aspect of on- line/ internet business and other activities that has an on-line version.
Timing change based on innovation and efficiency may not have a direct correlation with technology. The information revolution is based on modern advancements. During the 19th century, the information "boom" exploded with advancement of postal systems, increase in newspaper accessibility, as well as schools "modernizing". These advancements were made due to the increase of people becoming literate and educated.[citation needed] The methodology of communication although has changed and dispersed in numerous directions based on the source of its sociocultural impact.

Graphic of a wave packet representing the fastest possible communications medium, a photon.
Communication is a process of transferring information from one entity to another. Communication processes are sign-mediated interactions between at least two agents which share a repertoire of signs and semiotic rules. Communication is commonly defined as "the imparting or interchange of thoughts, opinions, or information by speech, writing, or signs". Although there is such a thing as one-way communication, communication can be perceived better as a two-way process in which there is an exchange and progression of thoughts, feelings or ideas (energy) towards a mutually accepted goal or direction (information).[1]
Communication is a process whereby information is enclosed in a package and is channeled and imparted by a sender to a receiver via some medium. The receiver then decodes the message and gives the sender a feedback. All forms of communication require a sender, a message, and a receiver. Communication requires that all parties have an area of communicative commonality. There are auditory means, such as speech, song, and tone of voice, and there are nonverbal means, such as body language, sign language, paralanguage, touch, eye contact, and writing.

Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Information communication revolutions
3 Types of communication
3.1 Nonverbal communication
3.2 Visual communication
3.3 Understanding the Field of Communication
4 Oral Communication
5 Communication Modeling
6 Nonhuman communication
6.1 Plants and fungi
7 Communication as academic discipline
8 Notes
9 References
HISTORY
MAIN ARTICLE: HISTORY OF COMMUNICATION
Information communication revolutions
Over time, technology has progressed and has created new forms of and ideas about communication. These technological advances revolutionized the processes of communication. Researchers have divided how communication was transformed into three revolutionary stages:
In the 1st Information Communication Revolution, the first written communication began, with pictographs. These writings were made on stone, which were too heavy to transfer. During this era, written communication was not mobile, but nonetheless existed.
In the 2nd Information Communication Revolution, writing began to appear on paper, papyrus, clay, wax, etc. Common alphabets were introduced, allowing the uniformity of language across large distances. Much later the Gutenberg printing-press was invented. Gutenberg created the first printed book using his press, and that book was the Bible. The writings were able to be transferred for others across the world to view. Written communication is now storable, and portable.
In the 3rd Information Communication Revolution, information can now be transferred via controlled waves and electronic signals.
Communication is thus a process by which meaning is assigned and conveyed in an attempt to create shared understanding. This process requires a vast repertoire of skills in intrapersonal and interpersonal processing, listening, observing, speaking, questioning, analyzing, and evaluating. It is through communication that collaboration and cooperation occur.[2]
There are also many common barriers to successful communication, two of which are message overload (when a person receives too many messages at the same time), and message complexity.[3] Communication is a continuous process.

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION

There are three major parts in human face to face communication which are body language, voice tonality, and words. According to the research:[4]
55% of impact is determined by body language—postures, gestures, and eye contact,
38% by the tone of voice, and
7% by the content or the words used in the communication process.
Although the exact percentage of influence may differ from variables such as the listener and the speaker, communication as a whole strives for the same goal and thus, in some cases, can be universal. System of signals, such as voice sounds, intonations or pitch, gestures or written symbols which communicate thoughts or feelings. If a language is about communicating with signals, voice, sounds, gestures, or written symbols, can animal communications be considered as a language? Animals do not have a written form of a language, but use a language to communicate with each another. In that sense, an animal communication can be considered as a separate language.
Human spoken and written languages can be described as a system of symbols (sometimes known as lexemes) and the grammars (rules) by which the symbols are manipulated. The word "language" is also used to refer to common properties of languages. Language learning is normal in human childhood. Most human languages use patterns of sound or gesture for symbols which enable communication with others around them. There are thousands of human languages, and these seem to share certain properties, even though many shared properties have exceptions.
There is no defined line between a language and a dialect, but the linguist Max Weinreich is credited as saying that "a language is a dialect with an army and a navy". Constructed languages such as Esperanto, programming languages, and various mathematical formalisms are not necessarily restricted to the properties shared by human languages.

NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION

Nonverbal communication is the process of communicating through sending and receiving wordless messages. Such messages can be communicated through gesture, body language or posture; facial expression and eye contact, object communication such as clothing, hairstyles or even architecture, or symbols and infographics, as well as through an aggregate of the above, such as behavioral communication. Nonverbal communication plays a key role in every person's day to day life, from employment to romantic engagements.
Speech may also contain nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, including voice quality, emotion and speaking style, as well as prosodic features such as rhythm, intonation and stress. Likewise, written texts have nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words, or the use of emoticons. A portmanteau of the English words emotion (or emote) and icon, an emoticon is a symbol or combination of symbols used to convey emotional content in written or message form.
Other communication channels such as telegraphy fit into this category, whereby signals travel from person to person by an alternative means. These signals can in themselves be representative of words, objects or merely be state projections. Trials have shown that humans can communicate directly in this way[5] without body language, voice tonality or words.
Categories and Features G. W. Porter divides non-verbal communication into four broad categories:
Physical. This is the personal type of communication. It includes facial expressions, tone of voice, sense of touch, sense of smell, and body motions.
Aesthetic. This is the type of communication that takes place through creative expressions: playing instrumental music, dancing, painting and sculpturing.
Signs. This is the mechanical type of communication, which includes the use of signal flags, the 21-gun salute, horns, and sirens.
Symbolic. This is the type of communication that makes use of religious, status, or ego-building symbols.
STATIC FEATURES
Distance. The distance one stands from another frequently conveys a non-verbal message. In some cultures it is a sign of attraction, while in others it may reflect status or the intensity of the exchange.
Orientation. People may present themselves in various ways: face-to-face, side-to-side, or even back-to-back. For example, cooperating people are likely to sit side-by-side while competitors frequently face one another.
Posture. Obviously one can be lying down, seated, or standing. These are not the elements of posture that convey messages. Are we slouched or erect ? Are our legs crossed or our arms folded ? Such postures convey a degree of formality and the degree of relaxation in the communication exchange.
Physical Contact. Shaking hands, touching, holding, embracing, pushing, or patting on the back all convey messages. They reflect an element of intimacy or a feeling of (or lack of) attraction.
DYNAMIC FEATURES
Facial Expressions. A smile, frown, raised eyebrow, yawn, and sneer all convey information. Facial expressions continually change during interaction and are monitored constantly by the recipient. There is evidence that the meaning of these expressions may be similar across cultures.
Gestures. One of the most frequently observed, but least understood, cues is a hand movement. Most people use hand movements regularly when talking. While some gestures (e.g., a clenched fist) have universal meanings, most of the others are individually learned and idiosyncratic.
Looking. A major feature of social communication is eye contact. It can convey emotion, signal when to talk or finish, or aversion. The frequency of contact may suggest either interest or boredom.

VISUAL COMMUNICATION

Visual communication as the name suggests is communication through visual aid. It is the conveyance of ideas and information in forms that can be read or looked upon. Primarily associated with two dimensional images, it includes: signs, typography, drawing, graphic design, illustration, colour and electronic resources. It solely relies on vision. It is form of communication with visual effect. It explores the idea that a visual message with text has a greater power to inform, educate or persuade a person. It is communication by presenting information through visual form.
The evaluation of a good visual design is based on measuring comprehension by the audience, not on aesthetic or artistic preference. There are no universally agreed-upon principles of beauty and ugliness. There exists a variety of ways to present information visually, like gestures, body languages, video and TV. Here, focus is on the presentation of text, pictures, diagrams, photos, et cetera, integrated on a computer display. The term visual presentation is used to refer to the actual presentation of information. Recent research in the field has focused on web design and graphically oriented usability. Graphic designers use methods of visual communication in their professional practice.

UNDERSTANDING THE FIELD OF COMMUNICATION
The field of communication is typically broken into three distinct camps: human communication, mass communications, and communication disorders [6]
Human Communication or Communication Studies is the study of how individuals communicate. Some examples of the distinct areas that human communication scholars study are:
Interpersonal Communication
Organizational Communication
Oral Communication
Small Group Communication
Intercultural Communication
Nonviolent Communication
Conflict
Rhetoric
Public Speaking
Examples of Mass Communications include:
Mass communication
Graphic communication
Science communication
Strategic Communication
Superluminal communication
Technical communication
Public relations
Broadcast Media
Journalism
Examples of Communication Disorders include:
Facilitated Communication
Impairment of Language Modality
Speech Disorders
ORAL COMMUNICATION

Oral communication is a process whereby information is transferred from a sender to receiver usually by a verbal means but visual aid can support the process.. The receiver could be an individual person, a group of persons or even an audience. There are a few of oral communication types: discussion, speeches, presentations, etc. However, often when you communicate face to face the body language and your voice tonality has a bigger impact than the actual words that you are saying. According to research:[citation needed]
55% of the impact is determined by the body language. For example: posture, gesture, eye contact, etc.
38% by the tone of your voice
7% by the content of your words in a communication process.
You can notice that the content or the word that you are using is not the determining part of a good communication. The “how you say it” has a major impact on the receiver. You have to capture the attention of the audience and connect with them. For example, two persons saying the same joke, one of them could make the audience die laughing related to his good body language and tone of voice. However, the second person that has the exact same words could make the audience stare at one another.[citation needed]
In an oral communication, it is possible to have visual aid helping you to provide more precise information. Often enough, we use a presentation program in presentations related to our speech to facilitate or enhance the communication process. Although, we cannot communicate by providing only visual content because we would not be talking about oral communication anymore.

COMMUNICATION MODELING

Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication

COMMUNICATION MAJOR DIMENSIONS SCHEME

COMMUNICATION CODE SCHEME

LINEAR COMMUNICATION MODEL

INTERACTIONAL MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

Berlo's Sender-Message-Channel-Receiver Model of Communication

TRANSACTIONAL MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
The first major model for communication came in 1949 by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver for Bell Laboratories [7] The original model was designed to mirror the functioning of radio and telephone technologies. Their initial model consisted of three primary parts: sender, channel, and receiver. The sender was the part of a telephone a person spoke into, the channel was the telephone itself, and the receiver was the part of the phone where one could hear the other person. Shannon and Weaver also recognized that often there is static that interferes with one listening to a telephone conversation, which they deemed noise.
In a simple model, often referred to as the transmission model or standard view of communication, information or content (e.g. a message in natural language) is sent in some form (as spoken language) from an emisor/ sender/ encoder to a destination/ receiver/ decoder. This common conception of communication simply views communication as a means of sending and receiving information. The strengths of this model are simplicity, generality, and quantifiability. Social scientists Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver structured this model based on the following elements:
An information source, which produces a message.
A transmitter, which encodes the message into signals
A channel, to which signals are adapted for transmission
A receiver, which 'decodes' (reconstructs) the message from the signal.
A destination, where the message arrives.
Shannon and Weaver argued that there were three levels of problems for communication within this theory.
The technical problem: how accurately can the message be transmitted?
The semantic problem: how precisely is the meaning 'conveyed'?
The effectiveness problem: how effectively does the received meaning affect behavior?

Daniel Chandler critiques the transmission model by stating
It assumes communicators are isolated individuals.
No allowance for differing purposes.
No allowance for differing interpretations.
No allowance for unequal power relations.
No allowance for situational contexts.
In 1960, David Berlo expanded on Shannon and Weaver’s (1949) linear model of communication and created the SMCR Model of Communication [8]. The Sender-Message-Channel-Receiver Model of communication separated the model into clear parts and has been expanded upon by other scholars.
Communication is usually described along a few major dimensions: Message (what type of things are communicated), source / emisor / sender / encoder (by whom), form (in which form), channel (through which medium), destination / receiver / target / decoder (to whom), and Receiver. Wilbur Schram (1954) also indicated that we should also examine the impact that a message has (both desired and undesired) on the target of the message [9]. Between parties, communication includes acts that confer knowledge and experiences, give advice and commands, and ask questions. These acts may take many forms, in one of the various manners of communication. The form depends on the abilities of the group communicating. Together, communication content and form make messages that are sent towards a destination. The target can be oneself, another person or being, another entity (such as a corporation or group of beings).
Communication can be seen as processes of information transmission governed by, and that these two code books are, at the very least, similar if not identical. Although something like code books is implied by the model, they are nowhere represented in the model, which creates many conceptual difficulties.
Theories of coregulation describe communication as a creative and dynamic continuous process, rather than a discrete exchange of information. Canadian media scholar Harold Innis had the theory that people use different types of media to communicate and which one they choose to use will offer different possibilities for the shape and durability of society (Wark, McKenzie 1997). His famous example of this is using ancient Egypt and looking at the ways they built themselves out of media with very different properties stone and papyrus. Papyrus is what he called 'Space Binding'. it made possible the transmission of written orders across space, empires and enables the waging of distant military campaigns and colonial administration. The other is stone and 'Time Binding', through the construction of temples and the pyramids can sustain their authority generation to generation, through this media they can change and shape communication in their society

NONHUMAN COMMUNICATION

Biocommunication (science) and Interspecies communication
Communication in many of its facets is not limited to humans, or even to primates. Every information exchange between living organisms — i.e. transmission of signals involving a living sender and receiver — can be considered a form of communication.[11] Thus, there is the broad field of animal communication, which encompasses most of the issues in ethology. Also very primitive animals such as corals are competent to communicate.[12] On a more basic level, there is cell signaling, cellular communication, and chemical communication between primitive organisms like bacteria,[13] and within the plant and fungal kingdoms. All of these communication processes are sign-mediated interactions with a great variety of distinct coordinations.
Animal communication is any behaviour on the part of one animal that has an effect on the current or future behavior of another animal. Of course, human communication can be subsumed as a highly developed form of animal communication. The study of animal communication, called zoosemiotics' (distinguishable from anthroposemiotics, the study of human communication) has played an important part in the development of ethology, sociobiology, and the study of animal cognition. This is quite evident as humans are able to communicate with animals, especially dolphins and other animals used in circuses. However, these animals have to learn a special means of communication. Animal communication, and indeed the understanding of the animal world in general, is a rapidly growing field, and even in the 21st century so far, many prior understandings related to diverse fields such as personal symbolic name use, animal emotions, animal culture and learning, and even sexual conduct, long thought to be well understood, have been revolutionized.

PLANTS AND FUNGI

Among plants, communication is observed within the plant organism, i.e. within plant cells and between plant cells, between plants of the same or related species, and between plants and non-plant organisms, especially in the rootzone. Plant roots communicate in parallel with rhizobia bacteria, with fungi and with insects in the soil. This parallel sign-mediated interactions which are governed by syntactic, pragmatic and semantic rules are possible because of the decentralized "nervous system" of plants. The original meaning of the word "neuron" in Greek is "vegetable fiber" and as recent research shows, most of the intraorganismic plant communication processes are neuronal-like.[14] Plants also communicate via volatiles in the case of herbivory attack behavior to warn neighboring plants. In parallel they produce other volatiles which attract parasites which attack these herbivores. In Stress situations plants can overwrite the genetic code they inherited from their parents and revert to that of their grand- or great-grandparents.[15]
Fungi communicate to coordinate and organize their own growth and development such as the formation of mycelia and fruiting bodies. Additionally fungi communicate with same and related species as well as with nonfungal organisms in a great variety of symbiotic interactions, especially with bacteria, unicellular eukaryotes, plants and insects. The used semiochemicals are of biotic origin and they trigger the fungal organism to react in a specific manner, in difference while to even the same chemical molecules are not being a part of biotic messages doesn’t trigger to react the fungal organism. It means, fungal organisms are competent to identify the difference of the same molecules being part of biotic messages or lack of these features. So far five different primary signalling molecules are known that serve to coordinate very different behavioral patterns such as filamentation, mating, growth, pathogenicity. Behavioral coordination and the production of such substances can only be achieved through interpretation processes: self or non-self, abiotic indicator, biotic message from similar, related, or non-related species, or even “noise”, i.e., similar molecules without biotic content-[16]

COMMUNICATION AS ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE

MAIN ARTICLE: COMMUNICATION THEORY
Communication as an academic discipline, sometimes called "communicology,"[17] relates to all the ways we communicate, so it embraces a large body of study and knowledge. The communication discipline includes both verbal and nonverbal messages. A body of scholarship all about communication is presented and explained in textbooks, electronic publications, and academic journals. In the journals, researchers report the results of studies that are the basis for an ever-expanding understanding of how we all communicate.
Communication happens at many levels (even for one single action), in many different ways, and for most beings, as well as certain machines. Several, if not all, fields of study dedicate a portion of attention to communication, so when speaking about communication it is very important to be sure about what aspects of communication one is speaking about. Definitions of communication range widely, some recognizing that animals can communicate with each other as well as human beings, and some are more narrow, only including human beings within the different parameters of human symbolic interaction.
.

COMMUNICATION TYPES
Types of Media Communication
Communication is essential nowadays. we communicate with friends, relatives, family, colleagues etc. Work and relationships have to be maintained with communication. There are a few types of general communication we all know : there is the verbal communication and the non verbal one that includes body language; We also have the formal and informal communication. Any type of communication is important to us. In order to lead a healthy and normal life people need to know some communication skills. For example smiling, listening, asking questions are all tips on how to have a pleasent conversation.

Besides the verbal and the non verbal communication, there are also some Types of Communication Media like : tv, radio, shows, news, newspapers, magazines etc. The Media Communication is very important in our society. Through media, we can be influenced . Media can make a person drink a certain juice or go to a certain store. Commercials and constant attention and interest in something in particular, in the end, makes others follow it or try it. The communication media has become very important, especially in the last few years and so, nowadays everyone knows how to communicate through media. There are a few Types of Media Communication : through wire , optical, wireless etc. The internet is one of the most accessed and used communication around the world. Since it has appeared it has had a great success. Through internet we can communicate with others and get new informations.

Other Types of Media Communication ways are : books, cd roms, memory sticks, newspapers etc. Communication through media is crucial nowadays. everything that happen sin the world can be seen through media communication. for example the nwespaper is the most simple and cheap way to find out latest news. On the other hand media communication such as tv shows are not so reliable. Magazines and papers can sometimes manipulate the public. By transforming the base news , they send another information. We don`t know exactly what has happened.

The Types of Media Communication are known to be the internet, the radio, the tv etc. Through the radio people listen but don`t have visual image. The radio mostly promotes songs and gives 5minutes of news every hour. The media and what it involves is a very popular domain and so many wish to be a part of it. The media or mass media as we call it, refers to the public and the information we gather and sent to the public. The mass media can influence an etire nation very easy.

As a conclusion, the communication through media is as all the types of communication, a way people can read and understand the same message. Is a channel of transmission . This domain has thousand of workers and everything we see on tv is carefully arranged so that it goes online in the state we receive it. There is a lot of work behing a nice show.

IMPORTANCE
Communication is something we just take for granted. I am tempted to say that it is a vital part of our existence but I will dare say that it is THE vital part of our existence.
We communicate all the time. Verbally, nonverbally, in person, in the media, through documents, via the internet, in our heads, with our families, with our neighbors, co-workers, customer service people, with God.
We are constantly sending out a message or receiving one.
But for the sake of keeping to MY topic, lets talk a little bit about the importance of effective communication when you are selling yourself through media

SOCIAL MEDIA

Social media is media designed to be disseminated through social interaction, created using highly accessible and scalable publishing techniques. Social media uses Internet and web-based technologies to transform broadcast media monologues (one to many) into social media dialogues (many to many). It supports the democratization of knowledge and information, transforming people from content consumers into content producers. Andreas Kaplan and Michael Haenlein define social media as "a group of Internet-based applications that build on the ideological and technological foundations of Web 2.0, and that allow the creation and exchange of user-generated content"[1]. Businesses also refer to social media as user-generated content (UGC) or consumer-generated media (CGM). Social media utilization is believed to be a driving factor in the idea that the current period in time will be defined as the Attention Age.
Social media can be said to have three components;
Concept (art, information, or meme).
Media (physical, electronic, or verbal).
Social interface (intimate direct, community engagement, social viral, electronic broadcast or syndication, or other physical media such as print).
Common forms of social media;
Concepts, slogans, and statements with a high memory retention quotient, that excite others to repeat.
Grass-Roots direct action information dissemination such as public speaking, installations, performance, and demonstrations.
Electronic media with 'sharing', syndication, or search algorithm technologies

] DISTINCTION FROM INDUSTRIAL MEDIA

Social media are distinct from industrial media, such as newspapers, television, and film. While social media are relatively inexpensive and accessible tools that enable anyone (even private individuals) to publish or access information, industrial media generally require significant resources to publish information. Examples of industrial media issues include a printing press or a government-granted spectrum license.
"Industrial media" are commonly referred to as "traditional", "broadcast" or "mass" media.
One characteristic shared by both social media and industrial media is the capability to reach small or large audiences; for example, either a blog post or a television show may reach zero people or millions of people. The properties that help describe the differences between social media and industrial media depend on the study. Some of these properties are:
Reach - both industrial and social media technologies provide scale and enable anyone to reach a global audience.
Accessibility - the means of production for industrial media are typically owned privately or by government; social media tools are generally available to anyone at little or no cost.
Usability - industrial media production typically requires specialized skills and training. Most social media do not, or in some cases reinvent skills, so anyone can operate the means of production.
Recency - the time lag between communications produced by industrial media can be long (days, weeks, or even months) compared to social media (which can be capable of virtually instantaneous responses; only the participants determine any delay in response). As industrial media are currently adopting social media tools, this feature may well not be distinctive anymore in some time.
Permanence - industrial media, once created, cannot be altered (once a magazine article is printed and distributed changes cannot be made to that same article) whereas social media can be altered almost instantaneously by comments or editing.
Community media constitute an interesting hybrid of industrial and social media. Though community-owned, some community radios, TV and newspapers are run by professionals and some by amateurs. They use both social and industrial media frameworks.
In his 2006 book The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom, Yochai Benkler analyzed many of these distinctions and their implications in terms of both economics and political liberty. However, Benkler, like many academics, uses the neologism network economy or "network information economy" to describe the underlying economic, social, and technological characteristics of what has come to be known as "social media".
Andrew Keen criticizes social media[citation needed] in his book The Cult of the Amateur, writing, "Out of this anarchy, it suddenly became clear that what was governing the infinite monkeys now inputting away on the Internet was the law of digital Darwinism, the survival of the loudest and most opinionated. Under these rules, the only way to intellectually prevail is by infinite filibustering."[3]

INFORMATION OUTPUTS AND HUMAN INTERACTION

Primarily, social media depend on interactions between people as the discussion and integration of words to build shared-meaning, using technology as a conduit. Social media has been touted as presenting a fresh direction for marketing by allowing companies to talk with consumers, as opposed to talking at them.[4]
Social media utilities create opportunities for the use of both inductive and deductive logic by their users. Claims or warrants are quickly transitioned into generalizations due to the manner in which shared statements are posted and viewed by all. The speed of communication, breadth, and depth, and ability to see how the words build a case solicits the use of rhetoric. Induction is frequently used as a means to validate or authenticate different users' statements and words. Rhetoric is an important part of today’s language in social media.
Companies have begun to use social media to communicate with consumers. Companies like Ford have leveraged social media web sites like Twitter to enhance their relationship with customers. They recently held the largest tweet-up to launch their new Ford Fiesta.
Social media are not finite: there is not a set number of pages or hours. The audience can participate in social media by adding comments, instant messaging or even editing the stories themselves. The new tools and applications online have not only created new ways to communicate and collaborate, but have also opened up new job positions and careers, due to the unique convergence of technology, marketing, and social media.[citation needed]

Useful Sites List

2010-05-25T02:40:00.003+05:30

This is Prabhakaran mba from trichy..........................
my mobile:91-9524144409
E-mail : prabha_karan@ymail.com

Dear Friends

How are you! I am fine I hope the same from you.

I come to know some useful web sites. In these bellow web sites some of them I never opened so if you find any mistake please tell me. Any other web sites you know please tell me. So that I can also go through that.

Thanks

Yours truly,

t.prabhakaran

www.google.com WEB DIRECTORY

JOBS

INDIA / INTERNATIONAL

www.tn.gov.in.com Tamil Nadu Jobs

www.southindia.com Tamil Web site/ Jobs

www.hindurecuritment.com Magazine Indian/International Jobs

www.deevajobs.com India Jobs

www.go4careers.com India Jobs

www.timesjobcareer.com India Jobs

www.naukri.com Indian Jobs

www.monster.com Indian Jobs

www.carreermosic.com Indian Jobs

www.timesclassfieds.com Jobs

www.netpiligrim.com Jobs

www.alltimesjobs.com Jobs

www.jobtrove.com Jobs

www.searchinternational.net Jobs

www.mafol.com Jobs

www.abc.inuae.com Jobs

www.careeremirates.com Jobs in Dubai

www.carefor.com Jobs Gulf

www.jobhead.com International Jobs

www.hotjobs.com International Jobs

www.petrome.com Middle East

MAGAZINE

www.thanthi.com Tamil Magazine

www.kumudam.com Tamil Magazine

www.aaraamthinai.com Tamil Magazine

www.indiatimes.com Magazine

www.indianews.com Indian News

www.khaleejtimes.com Magazine Gulf

TAMIL WEB SITE

www.misstamil.com Tamil Web

www.tamil.com Tamil Web site

www.chennaionline.com Chennai Web site

www.tamilsoftware.org Tamil Software

www.tn.gov.in.com Tamil Nadu Government

www.chennai.2.tn.nic.in.com State News

www.chennaitelephones.gov.in.com Tamil Nadu Telephone

www.chennaitelecom.com Telephone

www.tamilnadu-telecom.com Telephone

www.tamilnadutourism.com Tamil Nadu Tourist

www.chennaimetrowater.com Tamil Nadu Water City Board

www.getsmarter.org.com Tanil Books

www.ilaiyar.ambalam.com Tamil First

www.csi-india.org Tamil Commuter Society

www.netizen2010.com Chennai Computer Studies

www.indiadirect.com Tamil Sivananda Ashram

www.sify.com Tamil Paper

www.kumudam.matrimonials.com Matrimonial

www.aspsonlines.com Matrimonial

www.chennaiindiaproperties.com Matrimonial

www.kalyanam.com Matrimonial

INDIA WEB SITES

www.indiaforward.com India Details

www.go.to/navyrecruitment.com Indian Navy Jobs

www.beautifulcelebrities.com Indian Actress

www.kalalchennai.tn.nic Indian Income Tax

www.capitalsyellopages.com India Yellow Page

www.net4domains.com Telegram

www.driveindia.com Indian Old Car

www.indiacar.com Indian Old Car

www.automartindia.com Indian Old Car

HEALTH

www.bksiyengar.com YOUGA

www.ediets.com Helath

www.healthcareindia.com Health

www.tlhs.org Hair Web

www.slimcareuae.com Health

www.healthgate.com Medical

www.cyberounds.com Medical

www.health-search.org Medical

www.imaakensi.com Medical

www.worldwidevaccine.com Medical

www.webhealthcentre.com Medical

www.vitaminshooppe.com Medical

www.glaxyofhealth.com Medical

www.emedlife.com Medical

www.medical-file.com Medical

www.indiaorth.org Medical

www.webmd.com Medical

www.allpharmacy.com Medical

www.allcures.com Medical

www.beautyproducts.com Medical

www.beauty-into.com Medical

www.alltoilets.com Medical

www.allternative.com Medical

www.ciol.com Medical

www.allphotoshop. com Medical

www.cosmiverse.com Science

CHILDREN

www.childdunia.com Children

www.etoydt.com Children Toys

www.toysmart.com Children Toys

www.drtoys.com Children Toys

www.tiyertoys.com Children Toys

www.mattel.com Children Toys

www.cdbydesign.com Children

www.wicked4kids.com Children Toys

www.al.com/children/flyact.htm Children

www.wordcentral.com Children Words

www.worldreadming.org Children Books

www.uw.org/stickerworld Children Sticker

GREEETINGS

www.bluemountain.com Greetings

www.indya.com Greetings

www.vishingu.com Greetings

MISCELLANEOUS

www.whalemail.com Up to 75MB we can store in this Web site

www.sportsparents.com Sports

www.historychannel.com Nature

www.macromedia.com Sun rise

www.kkkothari.com Design Show room

www.freelotto.com Free lottery

www.thewallpaperstore.com Building Wallpapers

www.wallpetals.com Building Wallpapers

www.letsquiz.com Quiz Web

www.mailto:mflson@usa.net South park Theme

www.vcaid.org Atlans Internet Corporation

www.alt.anagram.com English Letters

www.freespace.virgin.com English Poetry

www.recruitsoft.com

BOOKS

www.books-on-line.com Library Books

www.amazon.com Library Books

www.bibliomania.com Library Books

www.esmarts.com Library Books

OTHERS

www.bollywoodpremiere.com Indian cinema

www.indianmasala.com Indian cinema

www.screensavershot.com Screen Saver (Good/Bad)

OEC

2010-05-25T02:36:00.006+05:30

Child Labour elimination project

Child Labour in Nepal

In Nepal, 25% of children between 6-14 years old are engaged in paid labour, but many more are unpaid for their labour.

A high proportion of these child workers are involved in domestic labour, where conditions are often harsh:

64% of children work 14-16 hours every day
53% of children do not get paid and 31% are 'bonded labourers' in debt to their employer
59% suffer abuse from their employer, 14% of which is sexual harassment

Consortium for Street Children

CWS is a member of the Consortium for Street Children, a network of organisations dedicated to the welfare and rights of street living and working children and children at risk of taking to street life. .

Friends

2010-05-25T02:31:00.002+05:30

This is our friends from our college,

2010-05-25T01:19:00.000+05:30

The department being perhaps the youngest in the college, has taken upon itself the responsibility to provide the best inputs to the students and mould them into successful potential managers to the corporate world, and takes up the goal to prepare and train the students in conformity with the changing environment which explains why business management degrees are most sought after by the students.

The curriculum of MBA programme is formulated to match with the requirements of industries and offers 5 streams of specialization. The teaching pedagogy includes Finance, Marketing, HR, Systems and operations management. From the beginning, we hope to train the students to face the corporate interviews. Special emphasis will is laid on communication skills, Inter- personal skills, and General Business Awareness.

Our Chariman

2010-05-24T23:11:00.000+05:30