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Informations On Electricity, Part 4 | From - Expert Contractors

2010-01-19T06:05:00.000-08:00

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Volt Transformation

Transformer is a plain static crest consisting of a mesmeric heart where the chief and lesser windings are made. The voltage is candidly proportional to the number of windings or turns. Thus, if a 120 AC will be connected to the left segment containing 100 turns, 240 volts would be on the right face containing 200 turns.

The enter fringe is classified as the Primary while the Output fringe is classified as the Secondary. Under this train, the transformer is said to be 120 /240 volts walk up transformer with 120 crucial and 240 volts inferior.

The same transformer could be used as pace down transformer by reversing the sell and the weight. The 240 volts will be principal and 120 volts the derived. In succinct, transformers are reversible.

Power and Energy

Power and Energy is too frequently interchangeably used. Power is the technical term for the common word work, and Work, is the product of Power and Time expressed in the following equation:

Energy or Work = Power x Time

What is Power? Power is the rate at which energy is used or alternatively, the rate at which work is done. Since energy and power is synonymous, power implies continuity. That is, the use of energy at particular rate over a given span of time. The concept of power involves time at ther rate of which work is done. Thus, multiplying power by time gives energy.

What is Energy? In electrical terms, energy is synonymous with Fuel. It is associated with work. Energy can be expressed in gallons, liters, barrels or tons or oil, coal, kilowatt hours or consumed electricity and cost of operations. In technical terms, Energy is expressed in units of BTU (calories), foot pounds (joules) or kilowatt hour.

Under the English Unit System, the unit of power is expressed in horse power, BTU per hour, watt and kilowatt. Under the Metric System or SI, it is expressed as joules per second, calories per second, watts and kilowatts. In physical terms, power is also the rate at which fuel or energy is used and expressed as liters of fuels per hour, cubic meter of gas per minute or tons of coas per day, etc.

Power in Electric Circuit

The measuring unit of thrilling warrant is the Watt. When multiplied by 1000, the result is called Kilowatt. Thus, 1000 watts is one Kilowatt. Power has numerous forms; the emotional motor produces mechanical capacity that is careful in language of horsepower. A thrilling furnace produces part or thermal control, and light bulb produces the fervor and light that is measured in terms of candle weight. Watt is the sway stretch.

Voltage and Voltage Drop

Comparatively, in a Series Circuit - Current is the same throughout but voltage differs.

In a Parallel Circuit, the Voltage is the same, but the stream differs.

Take letter that is a peer arrangement, all stream masses cumulatively add. For example, appliances and light oodles tied to a twin track have the same voltage imposed, but each shipment draws a different tide according to its wattage rating.

Another one important standard that is worthy to record is; "The sum of the voltage crash around a track is level to the resource voltage."This opinion is important in a cycle path. On a matching route, each point has the same voltage across it, which constitutes a course by itself. The voltage ditched on lead transport recent is:

Voltage release in lead = Carried flow x Resistance of rope

The potential trouncing in the line conductor can be calculated as the product of the voltage and the present. It is equal to the components resistance period the current squared.

P = I x (I x R) ; P = I2 R

Advantages of the 240 volts over the 120 volts current fund

1. Smaller cable is vital which means, minor in outlay.
2. Less dominance cost.
3. Smaller percentage of voltage plummets.

Reference On Energy From Friction, Part 3 | From - Expert Contractors

2010-01-18T07:18:00.000-08:00

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Resistance

In a hydraulic procedure, the flood of fluid is impeded or resisted by friction between the barricade of the pipeline, equipment and other turns and offsets. In the same mode, the pour of flow in a tour (electrical wiring installation) is also impeded or resisted by the chain, transformer and other policy. This is called Impedance, the electrical time for Friction in AC electricity. In a turn present DC track, this Impedance is called Resistance. However, both are uttered in the group of degree called Ohms.

Just as in a hydraulic system, the amount of water flowing is proportional with the pressure and inversely proportional with the friction. Similarly, in electric circuit, the current is proportional with the voltage and inversely proportional with the circuit resistance or load.

Thus:

1. The Higher the Voltage, the Larger the Current
2. The Higher the Resistance, the Lower the Current.

Their relationship may be expressed by the following equation know as the Ohms Law.

I = V/R

Where:

I = current
V = voltage
R = resistance for DC electricity

For AC electricity, the Ohms Law is expressed as :

I = V/Z

Where:

I = current
V = voltage
Z = impedance

The unit of current is the ampere (amp. or a.)

1.4 Comparison of AC and DC Electricity

Under the principles of DC electricity. Power is the product of voltage and Current.

Watts = Volts x Amperes

Under the principle of AC electricity, the product of volts and amperes is equal tot he quantity called volt-ampere (v.a.) which is not the same as watt. Thus:

Volt Amperes = Volts x Amperes

And to convert volt-amperes to watts or power, a power factor (pf) is introduced. And to get power in an AC circuit, we have the following formula:

Watts = Vots x Amperes x power factor

W = V x I x pf

1.5 The Ohms Law

In 1926, George Simon Ohm, a German scientist, discovered the relationship between the Current, Voltage and Resistance now referred to as the Ohms Law which states that:

"The higher the voltage, the larger the current, and the higher the resistance the lower the current."

The relationship between the current, voltage and resistance is presented in the following equations know as the Ohms Law.

I = V/R

Where:
I = Current flow (amperes)
V = Electromotive force (volts)
R = Resistance (Ohms)

1.6 Series and Parallel Circuit

A circuit components can be arranged in several ways but with two fundamentals types of connections, namely:

1. Series Circuit
2. Parallel Circuit

In Series Connection, a single path exist for current flow that is, the elements are arranged in a series one after the other with no branches. Being a single path in a series arrangement, voltage and resistance simply adds, thus:

Voltage total V1 = V1 + V2 + V3........

Resistance R1 = R1 +R2 +R3.........

In parallel circuit it sometimes referred to a as multiple connections where the loads are placed across the same voltage constituting a separate circuit. In hydraulic analogy, the connections are similar to branching pipe arrangement. Parallel Circuit is the standard arrangement for house wiring connection wherein the lights constitute one parallel grouping and the convenience wall outlets constitute the second parallel grouping.

The fundamental principle under this type of circuitry is that: " loads in parallel are additive for current, and that each has the same voltage imposed."

Examining expand the Ohms Law as previously discussed. Present is inversely proportional to the resistance. As resistance increases, recent decreases. When current rises directly to a very high glassy, the conditions will constitute a short tour. Hence, it is mandatory for all trip to be secluded by fuse or circuit wave that automatically open and disable the line in holder of a flaw or short circuit.

Informations On Electricity, Part 2 | From - Expert Contractors

2010-01-16T00:48:00.000-08:00

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Resistance is the friction or opposition to the tide of stream by the wires and transformers, analogous to plumbing installation, where the drift of water is subjected to resistance caused by friction between the water and the inside wall of the channel, and the several form of turns and equipment. For train tide (DC electricity), the word Resistance is used for friction and Impedance for alternating drift (AC electricity).

Factors that Influences Conductors Resistance.

1. Compostion of the Conductor. This refers to a conductor having free electrons that has low resistance.

2. Length of Wire. The longer the wire, the higher is the resistance.

3. Cross Section Area of Wire. The bigger the cross sectional area of wire, the lower its resistance.

4. Temperature. Metal offers high reistance to high temperature (heat).

1.3 Electric Current

By definition, Electric Current is the flow or rate of flow of electric force in a conductor. A current will only flow if a curcuit is formed comprising a complete loop and contains all the following required components.

1. Source of Voltage
2. A closed loop of wiring
3. An electric load
4. A means of opening and closing the circuit

Electric Current is Classified as:

1. Direct Current (DC)
2. Alternating Current (AC)

Direct Current. The DC electricity, flows in one direction. The flow is said to be from negative to positive. The normal source of a DC electricity, is the dry cell or storage batter.

Alternating Current. The AC electricty constantly reverses its direction or flow. It is generated by machine called generator. This type of current is universally accepted because of its unlimited number of applications which the following advantages.

1. It is easily produced.
2. It is cheaper to maintain.
3. It could be transformed into higher voltage.
4. It could be distribution to far distance with low voltage drop.
5. It is more efficient compared with the direct current.

Once a big controversy ensued between the proponents of the DC electricity led by Thomas Edison and the advocates of the AC electricity led by George Westinghouse. According to Thomas Edison, "The AC electricity is dangerous, because if involves high voltage transmission line."

The AC advocates on the other hand, countered that:

"The AC alternation is just like a handsaw which cuts on the upstroke and the down stroke. The high voltage in the transmission line could be compact to the preferred voltage as it passes the distribution line."

Alternating Current or Voltage is a recent or voltage that changes in forte according to a sine curve. An alternating tide AC reverses its split on each alternation and reverses its direction of flow for each alternation. The AC current goes through one convinced sphere and one downbeat ring to form one complete rotation that is continually frequent.

The number of periods this cycle of boon and minus ring strike per back is called the Frequency of alternating current AC uttered in cycles pre moment usually termed Hertz (hz) named after H. R. Hertz. The frequency of the Direct Current DC is visibly nought Hertz. The voltage is even and never changes in polarity.

Reference On Electricity, Part 1 | From - Knowledgeable Engineers And Architects

2010-01-16T00:20:00.000-08:00

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Electricity is a form of energy generated by friction, induction or substance change, having alluring, element and joyful realize. In midstream, electricity is Electrons in gesture.

Electricity is one of the most helpful discoveries of man who covered the way to the several inventions from the easy tools to the most sophisticated gadgets making what originally seemed to be impossible becomes an actuality.

Contrary to some belief, electricity is not new. It has been here with us ever since and, its survival is as old as the universe which was discovered accidentally, by the obsolete Greeks sometimes in 600 B.C. However, the claim of "Father of Electricity" was accredited to William Gilbert, an English Physicist after publishing his studies on the "Electric Attraction" and "The Electric Force."

Electricity is the assets of the vital particles of business which like an atom, consists of:

a) Electron
b) Proton
c) Neutron

The Electron is the negatively emotional particle of an Atom sometimes termed the hurtful charge of electricity. On the other hand, the Proton is the fixed exciting particles of an Atom which is sometimes termed the explicit charge of electricity that weighs about 1850 epoch as much as the Electron.

The Neutron is that particle of an Atom which is not electrically exciting and weighs somewhat more than the proton.

Theory:

1. That, all matters are made up of molecules.
2. That, molecules are made up of atoms.
3. That, atom contains neutrons, electrons and protons.
4. That neutron is neutral. It is neither certain or dangerous or negatively emotional.
5. That, the electron of an atom of any substances could be transformed into another atom.

ION

Ion is the stretch applied to an atom or molecule which is not electrically balanced. It is an atom or molecule that is electrically electric. It easily means there is a harm or return of one or more electrons.

Ion happen when the electrons in the atom are loosened through friction by another atom. Therefore, the existence of electrons in any organic or inorganic substance is a reality, the electricity is always tide.

Volt

Volt or Voltage is the electrical load that causes the electrons to move through a conductor (rope). In other language, voltage is the electromotive drive.

Comparatively, to have 12 volts is like having 12 pounds of water pressure inside the convey of a water method. Thus, the higher the voltage, the more electricity will be unnatural to emanate.

Volt was named after Alessandro Volta, an Italian scientist who discovered that electrons issue when two different metals are allied by a chain and then dipped into a liquid that conduct or involve electrons.

Ampere

Ampere is the regular company worn in measuring the intensity of an electric recent, named after Andre M. Ampere.

It is the total of current gush, sent by one volt through the resistance of one Ohm. When there is too much course of electricity in a small conductor or rope, fervor is created which eventually may propel-off the protective devise called fuse, or burn the chain insulator and design fire.

Watt is the amount or measure of right used or consumed. It represents the equivalent part volts and ampere consumed by light, appliances or motors. A stretch regularly labeled on light bulbs or appliances, bountiful us an idea of what kind of trail would be installed. There duration is named after James Watt a Scottish inventor.