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Depo-Provera Effect on Long-Term Fertility

noreply@blogger.com (Contrasepsi.Com) — Mon, 09 Nov 2009 03:37:00 +0000

Depo-Provera's effect on long-term fertility

Depo-Provera is a contraceptive given to women in the form of a shot once every three months. Doctors and fertility specialists agree it's an extremely effective form of birth control, but is it too effective? And are women being properly educated about all the possible effects especially when it comes to future fertility?

Fertility

A viewer e-mailed FOX21 News concerned about her inability to get pregnant after receiving the Depo Provera birth control shot for several years. She struggled with other contraceptive methods before finding Depo-Provera, which worked until she wanted to have more children. She has been off the shot for a year and has had no luck getting pregnant, but what's worse is she said her doctor never told her about how long it can take once you stop the shot for ovulation to return to normal. The patient product labeling for Depo-Provera discloses that because "Depo-ProveraContraceptive Injection is a long-acting birth control method, it takes some time after your last injection for its effect to wear off. Based on the results from a large study done in the United States, of those women who stop using Depo-Provera Contraceptive Injection in order to become pregnant, about half of those who become pregnant do so in about 10 months after their last injection; about two-thirds of those who become pregnant do so in about 12 months, about 83 percent of those who become pregnant do so in about 15 months, and about 93 percent of those who become pregnant do so in about 18 months after their last injection." Dr. Shona Murray, fertility specialist at ADVANCE REPRODUCTIVE MAGAZINE said while Depo-Provera can't make a woman infertile, it can mask other fertility problems. "There are other reasons for having irregular cycles that might get missed because it's being put down as just being on Depo-Provera."

Age is one important factor Murray said to consider.

Age is probably the most important thing from a woman's fertility point of view. As early as age 30 we start seeing a slight decrease in fertility. And for someone in their late thirties and then comes off Depo-Provera and having problems with periods, they probably want to come in and get help," said Murray. Meredith Cassidy, M.D. of Academy Women’s Health reminds that "there is no perfect birth control that fits for everyone." Cassidy said she's seen some patients who have had virtually no wait time getting pregnant after stopping the shot. "There is a woman I'm thinking of who conceived within a week or two of a missed injection."

Bone Density

Murray said in the last five years she has seen fewer women using Depo-Provera. She believes the decrease is a result of the FDA Black Box Warning that prolonged use of more than two years can result in thinning of the bones. However Cassidy argues now some studies do show that the bone loss is reversible and fairly rapidly reversible. Who Is It Right & Wrong For? According to the Depo-Provera website "You should not use Depo-Provera Contraceptive Injection if you have any of the following conditions: if you think you might be pregnant, if you have any vaginal bleeding without a known reason, if you have had cancer of the breast, if you have had a stroke, if you have or have had blood clots (phlebitis) in your legs, if you have problems with your liver or liver disease, or if you are allergic to Depo-Provera Contraceptive Injection (medroxyprogesterone acetate or any of its other ingredients)." Additionally Murray added anyone "with a history of depression, people who don't do well with irregular bleeding, certainly someone thinking about getting pregnant in the next year or so," should try to stay away from Depo, if possible. Who is the shot good for? Women who other forms of birth control haven't worked for, those who are deciding whether they want permanent sterilization. Things To Consider If you end up having negative side effects the patient can't just stop taking a pill or wearing a patch. "You're stuck with it for several months until it's out of your system," explained Murray. One woman who works in the medical field said she was warned about how long it can take to get pregnant, but what she didn't realize was how emotional it would be trying and waiting. "Any form of contraceptives or sterilization when people's reproductive wishes change there's very often regret," said Murray.

noreply@blogger.com (Contrasepsi.Com) — Sat, 07 Nov 2009 15:35:00 +0000

CYCLOFEM®

- The Monthly Injectable Contraceptive -

Cyclofem® represents one of the most modern regular hormonal contraceptives. It belongs to the new class of CICs, Combined Injectable Contraceptives. This group name classifies hormonal contraceptives administered by intramuscular injection. The term "combined" indicates that these injectables contain both a progestin and an estrogen.

A CIC like Cyclofem® has the progestin component Medroxy - Progesterone - Acetate (MPA) in common with progestin-only injectables, however, the progestin dose received over time is much lower with Cyclofem® than with these progestin-only injectables. A basic difference between CIC's and progestin-only products is the presence of estrogens; the estrogen is designed to improve the control of the menstrual cycle so that regular menstrual bleedings are observed, which is an important aspect for many women when it comes to the choice of their contraceptive.

As the CIC Cyclofem® is a combined hormonal contraceptive, also many oral contraceptives are combined hormonal contraceptives, COC's, combined oral contraceptives. From a safety point of view the most important difference between the two classes of contraceptives is the presence of a "natural" estrogen in Cyclofem® versus synthetic estrogens in COC's.It is now recognized that natural estrogens have very favorable effects on lipid metabolism and cardiovascular function. Estradiol has direct effects on the arterial wall and on various stages of atherosclerotic plaque formation, resulting in an increase of tissue blood flow and in an anti-atherosclerotic effect. For an in-depth fact sheet about CIC use please see the chapter on CIC's in the latest edition of the WHO Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use.
The brand names that the Concept Foundation registered internationally for its combined injectable contraceptive are Cyclofem®, Cyclofemina®, and Novafem®. Pharmacia Pharmaceuticals, Peapack NJ, had launched its product under the license from Concept Foundation with their own brand name Lunelle® in the US market.

DEPO PROVERA

noreply@blogger.com (Contrasepsi.Com) — Sat, 07 Nov 2009 14:10:00 +0000

Depo-Provera

Depo Provera (also known as DMPA or Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate) is a hormone injection that lasts for 3 months to prevent pregnancy. The injection contains synthetic progesterone and no estrogen. It is usually given in the the arm, hip, upper thigh, or abdomen, delivering a high level of progesterone into the body. Depo Provera stops the ovaries from releasing eggs. Depo Provera causes the cervical mucus to thicken and changes the uterine lining, making it harder for sperm to enter or survive in the uterus. These changes prevent fertilization. Depo Provera is a very private form of birth control because it cannot be seen on the body and requires no home supplies. It does, however, require a clinic appointment every 3 months.

Depo Provera is 97-99.7% effective as birth control. It does not protect against reproductive tract infections, including HIV/AIDS. There are some serious health risks with Depo Provera, so be sure to get all the facts in advance.

Use

The first shot of Depo Provera is usually given during or a few days after the start of a menstrual period. After 24 hours, the shot is effective birth control for the next 13 weeks. Many women find it useful to schedule their next shot slightly earlier than necessary; if something prevents them from making their appointment, there will be a window of opportunity to receive their next shot.

If you are more than a week late for your shot, use a backup method of birth control for the next two weeks. If you are more than a week late and you have had unprotected sex since your last shot, consider taking a pregnancy test before receiving the next dose.

Your Health

Due to the risk of serious health problems, women with the following conditions should not use Depo Provera.

* Unexplained vaginal bleeding

* Known or suspected pregnancy

Depo Provera may not be recommended for women who are planning on becoming pregnant in the near future, are concerned about weight gain, have liver disease, gallbladder disease, or a history of depression. Study the risks and talk with your health care practitioner.

Health Risks:

Studies released in 2004 show that Depo Provera is associated with a loss of bone density resulting in an increased risk of osteoporosis. The bone loss appears not to be reversed when the woman goes off Depo Provera. Depo is not recommended for long term use and especially not recommended when the young woman is still growing her bones. Women on Depo are advised to exercise and take in plenty of calcium. If you have taken Depo Provera for more than two years, you might want to get a bone density test. (see article on Building Healthy Bones and factsheet on calcium-containing foods )

Some women have allergic reactions to Depo Provera.

If a woman becomes pregnant while using Depo Provera, and continues her pregnancy, there may be an increased risk of premature birth.

The effects of Depo Provera on breast cancer are still unknown.

Halth Benefits:

Women on Depo Provera have a decreased risk of endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, and pelvic inflammatory disease. You may have less menstrual cramping and pain, fewer periods, and less chance of anemia.

Side Effects

70% of women using Depo Provera gain weight. Almost half of the women using Depo Provera gain more than 5 pounds after one year of use. Many women gain more than 10 pounds.

Irregular, heavy, or no bleeding are common side effects of Depo Provera. After a year of use, many women stop having periods. Lack of a period becomes increasingly common with longer use.

Other side effects of Depo Provera can include headaches, nervousness, mood changes, bloating, hot flashes, decreased interest in sex, breast tenderness, acne, hair loss, and back ache.

After the last shot of Depo Provera, it can take over 6 months for the drug to leave the body. Side effects may linger until the drug is completely gone.

Drug Interactions

Few medications lower the effectiveness of Depo Provera. Women with Cushing's syndrome may take medications that interfere with Depo Provera. If you are taking any medications, tell your clinician. When taking medications that may interfere with Depo Provera, consider adding a backup method of birth control, like condoms or spermicide. As with all drugs, it is useful to inform all your medical providers if you are taking Depo Provera.

Advantages

* Private.

* Effective after 24 hours.

* Does not require regular attention.

* Does not interrupt sex play.

* Has no estrogen.

* May decrease risk for ovarian and uterine cancers.

* Women can start Depo Provera 6 weeks after giving birth.

Disadvantages

* Causes loss of bone density and risk of osteoporosis.

* Does not protect against sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS.

* Requires injections every 3 months.

* Delay of return to fertility.

* Irregular bleeding.

* Most women experience weight gain [study of link between Depo Provera and weight gain: Women using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), commonly known as the birth control shot, gained an average of 11 pounds and increased their body fat by 3.4 percent over three years, according to researchers at the University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB).]

Future Fertility

Women who want to become pregnant may stop using Depo Provera at any time. For some women, fertility returns immediately. For others, it may take 6-18 months or longer for the body's hormone cycle to go back to normal.

Going Off Depo

The book Contraceptive Technology says: "It is not possible to discontinue Depo Provera immediately. Weight gain, depression, breast tenderness, allergic reactions, and menstrual irregularities may continue until Depo Provera is cleared from a woman's body, about 6 to 8 months after her last injection. After discontinuing Depo Provera, women may also have a 6 to 12 month delay in return of fertility."

You might try cleansing techniques to detox or eliminate the synthetic hormone from where it is stored in your body's tissues: drink lots of water every day, eat lots of fresh raw organic vegetables, drink raw vegetable juice, sweat in a steam room or sauna, get lots of exercise and fresh air. You can also ask at a health food store about herbal formulas or teas that help detoxify your body or that balance female hormones, or talk with a naturopathic physician or herbalist.

IF you decide to switch from Depo Provera to another hormonal method like the birth control pill, the vaginal ring, or the contraceptive patch, it is recommended that you start your new method on the date the next injection is due. Use a back-up method of contraception such as male condoms, female condoms, or abstinence for the first seven days of pill use.

Prevent Coercion

There is no antidote to the Depo Provera shot. Women who are given Depo Provera should be well informed about the drug and know that there are other options for birth control. In this country and in other countries, women have been pressured into taking Depo Provera without knowing what it was. Know your options.

urther References

* Depo Diaries - learn more by reading women's stories of their experiences. Or share your own story about your Depo experience? Click here and share your story.

* New Black Box Warnings about Depo Provera Shots

o http://www.docguide.com/news/content.nsf/news/8525697700573E1885256F5100513452

o http://my.webmd.com/content/article/97/104089.htm

* Women using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), commonly known as the birth control shot, gained an average of 11 pounds and increased their body fat by 3.4 percent over three years, according to researchers at the University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB).

* calcium-containing foods - for maintaining bone strength, good article on Building Healthy Bones

* Safer Sex Info

* Symptoms and treatments for Reproductive Tract Infections and STIs

* Coalition for Positive Sexuality

* Our Bodies, Ourselves from Boston Women's Health Collective, new version in 2005

* Reproductive Health Technologies info about Depo Provera

* PDF of this page

Emergency Contraception

noreply@blogger.com (Contrasepsi.Com) — Tue, 27 Oct 2009 14:44:00 +0000

Emergency Contraception

What is emergency contraception?

Emergency contraception is a form of birth control. You can use this method if you have had unprotected sex. For example, if your regular birth control fails (the condom breaks during sex), if you forget to take your birth control pills or if you have sex without using any birth control.

There are 2 types of emergency contraception. With the first, you take special doses of birth control pills. With the other, an intrauterine device (also called an IUD) is placed in your uterus (or womb).

How do I use emergency contraception?

The first kind of emergency contraception, sometimes called the "morning-after pill," is taken in two doses. You can start taking this kind of emergency contraception right away after having unprotected sex. The sooner you take it, the better it works, but you can take the first dose within 120 hours (5 days)after having unprotected sex. You take the second dose 12 hours after the first. Your doctor may tell you about other ways of taking this medicine.

There is a brand of pills made just for emergency contraception. It is called Plan B (levonorgestrel). Plan B contains only progestin.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration also has said that some brands of regular birth control pills are safe for emergency use. The number of pills you take in each dose depends on which brand of pills you are using. To learn more about which pills are safe for emergency use, talk with your doctor.

An IUD that is placed in your uterus within 7 days after unprotected sex also can be used as emergency contraception. An IUD is a small device that can be left in your body for 5 to 10 years. It will prevent pregnancy during that time.

How does emergency contraception work?

Pills used for emergency contraception can prevent your ovaries from releasing an egg, can prevent an egg from being fertilized by sperm or can prevent a fertilized egg from attaching itself to the wall of the uterus. Emergency contraceptive pills are not the same as the medicine known as the "abortion pill." This medicine is taken in the early weeks of pregnancy to end the pregnancy. Pills used as emergency contraception can't end a pregnancy once a fertilized egg has attached itself to the wall of the uterus.

Unlike the morning-after pill, an IUD doesn't stop your ovaries from releasing an egg. The IUD can prevent an egg from being fertilized and it can stop a fertilized egg from attaching itself to the wall of the uterus.

No studies have shown that taking hormones while you are pregnant can hurt your baby. But, if you know you are pregnant, you should not take emergency contraception pills.

How effective is emergency contraception?

Emergency contraception pills can be very effective if they are used in time. If used within 72 hours of unprotected sex, it can reduce the risk of pregnancy by 75% to 89%. It is important to remember that these pills will work best when taken as soon as possible after unprotected sex.

Emergency IUD insertion is also very effective. It can reduce the risk of pregnancy by 99.9% if inserted within 7 days after unprotected sex.

It is important to remember that using this type of contraception regularly is less effective than using ongoing methods of contraception (like contraception pills or diaphragms). Emergency contraception should not be your main type of contraception.

Are there any side effects?

Some women feel sick to their stomach after they take emergency contraceptive pills. This feeling should go away in about two days. Your doctor can give you medicine that may help you feel better.

Progestin-only pills may not make you feel as sick as pills containing estrogen and progestin. If you throw up within one hour of taking the pills, you may need to take another dose. Talk to your doctor.

A possible side effect of an IUD is bleeding between periods. Talk to your doctor to find out more about how IUDs work. You also can read more about IUDs on familydoctor.org.

Who can use emergency contraception?

If you can take regular birth control pills, you should be able to take emergency contraception pills. If you are pregnant, have breast cancer, or have had blood clots, you should not use emergency contraception pills. Talk with your doctor about whether emergency contraception is right for you.

You should not use an IUD if you have a sexually transmitted disease (STD) or if you have been raped. Talk to your doctor about other options.

When do I need to start taking my regular birth control again?

After you take emergency contraception pills, your period may come earlier or later than usual. Call your doctor if you do not get your period within 21 days after taking the pills.

If your regular form of birth control is condoms, spermicides or a diaphragm, you may go back to using them right away after taking emergency contraception pills.

If your regular form of birth control is the pill, shot, contraceptive patch or vaginal ring, talk to your doctor about when to start using it again.

Where can I get emergency contraception?

Talk to your doctor about how to get emergency contraception, or about having a prescription on hand in case you need it. You also may be able to get emergency contraception from university and women's health centers, health departments, Planned Parenthood centers and hospital emergency departments.

Make Website SUCCESFUL

noreply@blogger.com (Contrasepsi.Com) — Thu, 22 Oct 2009 05:59:00 +0000

Website Successful

When doing business on the Internet, there are many ways in which you can make a website successful. Although the look is important, fancy websites don't make sales.

There is much more to creating a quality website. To make it successful, you must create a website that will be of interest to your target market and make them want to visit it over and over again. In addition, it should lead your visitors to take the action you desire, such as joining your mailing list, or making a purchase.

Selecting a Website's Niche

The first step toward how to make a website successful, will be to target it for one specific niche. For example, if you are designing a website about wine, everything within it should relate to wine.

Selecting a Website's Keyword Phrase

You must also select the most relevant keyword phrase for each webpage. A keyword phrase is two or more words that best describe your webpage. For example, if your webpage is about 'making wine,' your best keyword phrase would be 'wine making.' You should use your keyword phrase a few times within your webpage, as this will enable the search engines to determine what the website is about. This is a very important step to make a website successful.

Using HTML Heading Tags

When you begin writing your content, it is very important that you use the HTML H1 heading tag with your main title at the top of your webpage. In addition, use th HTML H2 tags for your sub-titles. This is very important, as some search engines place relevance on the text displayed with heading tags.

As the default text for the H1 heading tag is very large, you may want to use CSS style sheets to display the heading tags in the font style and size you prefer.

Using META Tags Within a Webpage

Another step to help make a website successful is to include META tags between the HEAD tags of your webpage. META tags help the search engines to know what keywords are relevant to the webpage. They are also used to tell the search engines what the webpage is about. Many search engines will display this description within the search results.

Backgrounds and Text

It is always best to display a webpage with a white background and black text, as this will make the text easy to read. Distracting backgrounds will make the text hard to read. A good rule of thumb is to just use common sense and keep it simple. This alone is a great way to help make a website successful.

Animated Graphics

If you're using animated graphics, it is important that you use them sparingly. Graphics that continually flash are VERY annoying and may prevent your visitors from returning to your website in the future.

Navigational Links

It is very important to include good navigational links on every page. They should be displayed at the top, bottom, left or right side of your webpage. In addition, your visitors should be able to get to any webpage within your website within four clicks.

Webpage Layout

Always be consistent with your design. This is a very important step to help make a website successful. The layout for should be the same on each page. If you make it different, your visitors will become confused. In addition, it will make your website appear to be unprofessional. Your design should include the same layout, logo, and navigation setup on each page.

Spelling and Grammar

Always make sure you proof read and spell check your webpages for errors. It is also very important that it doesn't have any broken images or links.

Important Webpages

When you launch your website, it is very important that you include the following webpages:

About

The 'About' page is used to tell your visitors about you and/or your company.

Privacy

The 'Privacy' page is used to let your visitors know what you do with their personal information, such as their email address.

Terms and Conditions

The 'Terms and Conditions' page should be displayed on your website for your protection.

Site Map

A 'Site Map' is used to help the search engines index your website more easily.

You can learn more about all of these pages by doing a search through your favorite search engine. They are very important and will help make a website successful.

Website Interactivity

Another way to make a website successful is to make it interactive. This can be done by including a targeted forum that compliments your website, a form in which they can subscribe to an ezine, a feedback form to enable them to give their opinion, or an informative blog in which visitors can comment.

Web Browsers and Screen Resolutions

When you begin designing your webpage, it is HIGHLY recommended that you install the most popular web browsers on your computer. This will enable you to see how your website will display in different browsers. You will find that it looks great in one browser and terrible in another. It would be wise to design your website to display properly in Firefox and then it should display properly in Internet Explorer, Opera, etc.

It is also important that you view your website through different screen resolutions. You can either open your webpage in your browser and then change your computer's screen resolution, or there are resources online that you can visit, such as Any Browser, to test your website.

If you follow these simple guidelines, you can begin to make a website successful in no time.

CONTRACEPTIVE PILL TYPE

noreply@blogger.com (Contrasepsi.Com) — Tue, 20 Oct 2009 16:20:00 +0000

CONTRACEPTIVE PILL TYPE

This is an introductory explanation of the different types of oral contraceptive pills that may help you to finally select the one that is best for your body. 50 years on, we have discovered that the oral contraceptive pill for women still prevents pregnancy if it is made up of much lower doses of estrogen and progestin than in the early days. ‘The Pill’ used to contain 50-100 micrograms of estrogen and today it contains only 20-35 micrograms, with researchers trying to reduce this amount further to reduce side effects. Synthetic hormones (estrogen/ethinyl estradiol and progestin) used in contraceptive pills mimic the natural hormones (oestrogen and progesterone) produced by the ovaries, adrenal gland and liver. Estrogen’s main job in the contraceptive pill is to prevent ovulation (release of an egg from a woman’s ovary). Progestin in the pill, while it does have some intermittent effect on ovulation (about 50% of the time) is relied on mainly to thicken the mucus around the cervix to stop sperm from getting through to an egg. Contraceptive Pills come in two basic types: single hormone pills (progestin only) and combination hormone pills (estrogen + progestin) Pills are supplied in two basic packs- 28 day pill packs= 3 weeks of active hormone pills + 1 week placebo pills and 21 day pill packs= 3 weeks of active hormone pills with no placebo pills. PROGESTIN only pills ( the ‘mini pill’ ) do not contain estrogen and only have a small amount of progestin in them. Breastfeeding women are often prescribed these ‘mini pills’ (estrogen may cause a reduction in milk supply) as well as women who cannot take synthetic estrogen for medical reasons. Side effects are less than pills containing estrogen and they are not associated with heart disease, however, irregular bleeding /spotting/mood swings may occur. Progestin only pills MUST be taken at the same time each day and are affected by vomiting or diarrhoea. This type of contraceptive pill is not affected by antibiotics.

COMBINATION PILLS-

contain estrogen and progestin and can be further categorized as being Monophasic, Biphasic or Triphasic- so what do these terms mean? Pills are put into these categories according to whether or not the levels of hormones they contain stay the same throughout the first three weeks of a woman’s menstrual cycle (in 28 day pill packs, the pills for the fourth week in the pack are placebo or ‘reminder pills’ that are inactive and do not contain any hormones)

MONOPHASIC Pill-

is one that contains the same amount of hormones in every ACTIVE pill so you are less likely to have mood swings as your hormone levels do not vary much throughout the month. Popular monophasic pills include:Alesse, Brevicon, Desogen, Levlen, Levlite, Loestrin, Modicon, Nelova, Nordette, Norinyl, Ortho-Cept, Ortho Cyclen, Ortho-Novum, Ovcon, Yasmin. In 2003 the FDA approved a new packaging of a monophasic contraceptive pill called Seasonale. This pill is taken for 91 days, during which no periods occur -so in one year, women taking this pill will only have 4 periods (for the first year though, expect the same no. of menstrual days as with a traditional contraceptive pill till your body adjusts)

BIPHASIC Pill-

is one that contains different amounts of hormones throughout the pack. These pills alter your hormone levels once during your cycle by increasing the dosage of progestin about halfway through your cycle and are thought to better match your body’s natural production of hormones- they contain smaller doses of hormones in total than monophasic pills. However, insufficient evidence has been gathered to favour these pills over monophasic ones, where much more reliable data is available so monphasic pills are preferred. Breakthrough bleeding has been reported as a side effect with these pills. Popular biphasic pills include : Jenest, Mircette, Necon 10/11, Nelova 10/11, Ortho-Novum 10/11. Attempts to decrease side effects led to the three-phase pill in the 1980s.

TRIPHASE Pill-

is one that contains 3 different amounts of hormones in the ACTIVE pills over three weeks, i.e. a change in hormone levels within the body occurs every 7 days for the first 3 weeks.. The dose of estrogen is gradually increased and in some pills, the dose of progestin is also increased. Whether three-phase pills lead to fewer pregnancies than two-phase pills is unknown. Nor is it known if the pills give better cycle control or have fewer side effects. Look for the ‘TRI’ on the label such as: Ortho Tri-Cyclen, Triphasil, Tri-Levlen, Trivora, Tri-Norinyl, Cyclessa, Ortho-Novum 7/7/7. The Best Pill to Take? All contraceptive pills are effective if taken correctly, with combination pills (containing estrogen and progestin) being more effective than the low dose ‘mini pill’. Monophasic pills may be the best to start with- they are cheaper and those with lower amounts of estrogen may have fewer side effects (but more breakthrough bleeding) Always use back up (a condom or diaphragm) for the rest of the month if you miss a pill. Trial and error, side effects and talking to your doctor should help you to find a contraceptive pill that suits your body. Pregnancies occur mainly when women forget to take a pill or take them incorrectly, vomit, get diarrhoea or, in the case of the mini pill, do not take pills at the same time each day. It is very easy to start a pill packet late if you just forget or if you don’t have the next new packet on hand. The most dangerous time to miss a pill is at the end or beginning of a packet because it lengthens the pill free interval beyond seven days which means that you may not have absorbed sufficient synthetic hormones to prevent you from ovulating in the next month.

Sourche :

Wikipedia

Contraceptive.com

A Clinical Guide for Contraception (Leon Speroff, M.D), Oregon Health Sciences University Portland Oregon

(Philip D. Darney, M.D.,M.Sc.) University of California, San Fransisco, California.

Yaz Consumer’s Death

noreply@blogger.com (Contrasepsi.Com) — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 19:27:00 +0000

Bayer’s Yaz Consumer’s Death Probed By Swiss Agency (Update1)

Bayer AG, Germany’s largest drugmaker, said its Yaz contraceptive is part of an investigation by a Swiss health regulator into the death of a young woman who took the pill.

The Swissmedic agency and an investigative judge are looking into the case of the woman, who died from the effects of pulmonary embolism, Bayer’s Swiss health unit said in a statement posted on its Web site yesterday. Bayer is cooperating with the authorities, the company said.

“A singular case, as tragic and sad as it is, does not indicate an increased risk for the whole group of women who take the pill,” Oliver Renner, a Berlin-based spokesman for Bayer, said in an interview today. “Studies have shown that the risk isn’t higher for Yaz than for other oral contraceptives.”

Leverkusen, Germany-based Bayer’s Yasmin, Yaz and Yasminelle contraceptives brought in $1.86 billion for Bayer in the first quarter, and Yasmin and Yaz are the two biggest- selling contraceptives worldwide, according to IMS Health Inc., a Norwalk, Connecticut-based market research company.

Bayer will also probe the matter, said Renner. In a case like that, the company routinely conducts its own investigation, he added.

The regulator was alerted to the “sudden” death of the woman, who had been taking the contraceptive for ten months, Swissmedic said on its Web site. Thromboembolic complications are well known yet rare side-effects of hormone-based contraceptives and the risk is also increased during pregnancy, the agency said.

To contact the reporter on this story:
Karin Matussek in Berlin at kmatussek@bloomberg.net.

Last Updated: September 26, 2009 10:28 EDT

EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTIVE

noreply@blogger.com (Contrasepsi.Com) — Wed, 14 Oct 2009 19:03:00 +0000

EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION

prevent pregnancy in women who have had unprotected sex. It can be used following many different situations including rape, unplanned acts of intercourse, or when a birth control method fails. For example, if a condom breaks, a diaphragm slips out of place, or a woman forgets to take birth control pills.

Emergency contraception medicine is not the same as the "abortion pill." A woman who knows she is pregnant takes the abortion pill with the intent to end an early pregnancy (usually 4 to 7 weeks after conception). Emergency contraception pills are taken after unprotected sex to prevent pregnancy from occurring.

Unlike most types of birth control, which must be put in place or taken before intercourse, emergency contraception can be used up to 5 days after intercourse.

TYPE OF EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION

Several types of emergency contraception drugs are available.

Birth control pills can be used for emergency contraception. You must take two to five "regular" pills together to equal one dose of emergency contraception.

There is only one FDA-approved emergency contraception pill. The brand name is Plan B. It is similar to some birth control pills, but contains higher levels of hormones. Plan B contains two pills, each containing levonorgestrel, which you take at the same time. It is available over-the-counter for purchase by anyone age 18 and older and by prescription for younger patients.

Emergency contraception pills work best when taken as soon as possible after intercourse. Ideally, the medicine should be taken within 72 hours after unprotected intercourse, but it may be effective for up to 5 days.

Emergency contraceptives work by preventing or delaying the release of an egg (ovulation).

An intrauterine device (IUD) may help prevent against contraception if put into place within 7 days after unprotected intercourse. An IUD is a birth control device that is inserted into a woman's uterus by a health care provider. However, IUDs are intended to provide long-term birth control for 1-10 years.

Emergency contraception pills prevent about 75 - 89% of pregnancies that occur after unprotected sexual intercourse. Emergency contraception by IUD insertion is even more effective. However, pregnancy still occur in a small number of cases in those who use emergency contraception.

SIDE EFFECTS

Mild and often unpleasant side effects from emergency contraception medication may include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fatigue, headache, and changes in menstrual bleeding. Nausea and vomiting are most common when an estrogen-containing pill is used. These side effects are less common with Plan B, which contains a synthetic progesterone.

Some doctors recommend taking a drug to prevent nausea and vomiting (an antiemetic medication) before taking the emergency contraception pills to prevent such side effects.

After taking emergency contraception, a woman's next menstrual cycle may start earlier or later than expected and the menstrual flow may be lighter or heavier than usual. Most women will start their next period within 7 days of the expected date. If a woman's menstrual bleeding does not start within 3 weeks after taking emergency contraception, she might be pregnant and should call or visit her health care provider.

IUD placement has risks of pelvic infection and uterine injury, although these are quite rare. Long-term use of an IUD for birth control may cause side effects, such as heavy menstrual bleeding and painful menstrual cramps.

SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS

Women who believe that they are already pregnant and may have been for longer than several days should not take emergency contraception medicine, since their effects have not been well studied. Also, women who have vaginal bleeding for an unknown reason should discuss this with their health care provider before taking emergency contraception.

Women who cannot take birth control pills regularly may often still be able to use emergency contraceptives, but they should also discuss this option with their health care provider.

If emergency contraception fails and the woman becomes pregnant, there do not appear to be any long-term effects on the pregnancy or the fetus.

Emergency contraception should not be used as a routine birth control method, because it is actually less effective at preventing pregnancies than most types of birth control.

References

Prine L. Emergency contraception: myths and facts. Obstet Gynecol Clin N Am. 2007;34:127–136

Mischell DR. Family planning: contraception, sterilization, and pregnancy termination. In: Katz VL, Lentz GM, Lobo RA, Gershenson DM, eds. Comprehensive Gynecology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2007:chap 14.

Google Talk

noreply@blogger.com (Contrasepsi.Com) — Tue, 13 Oct 2009 17:09:00 +0000

Google Talk (GTalk) is a free Windows and web-based application for instant messaging and voice over internet protocol (VOIP), offered by Google Inc. The first beta version of the program was released on August 24, 2005.

Instant messaging between the Google Talk servers and its clients uses an open protocol, XMPP, allowing users of other XMPP clients to communicate with Google Talk users. VoIP in Google Talk is based around the Jingle protocol. The technology used within the Google server network however is not publicly known.

Click Here For Download : http://www.ziddu.com/download/6901507/googletalk96.exe.html

Google Toolbar

noreply@blogger.com (Contrasepsi.Com) — Tue, 13 Oct 2009 17:06:00 +0000

Google toolbar resides above the browser's tab bar and provides a search box to carry out web searches. Users can login into their GMail accounts and access their emails, saved bookmarks and web history. It has tools such as AutoLink, AutoFill, translation, spell checker common to all browsers, while pop-up blocker and word finder are restricted to Internet Explorer.[1]

Click Here For Download : GoogleToolbar

Free Download Gmail

noreply@blogger.com (Contrasepsi.Com) — Tue, 13 Oct 2009 12:22:00 +0000

GMail Drive creates a virtual filesystem around your Google Mail account, allowing you to use Gmail as a storage medium.

GMail Drive creates a virtual filesystem on top of your Google Gmail account and enables you to save and retrieve files stored on your Gmail account directly from inside Windows Explorer. GMail Drive literally adds a new drive to your computer under the My Computer folder, where you can create new folders, copy and drag'n'drop files to it.

Ever since Google started to offer users a Gmail e-mail account, which includes storage space of 6000 megabytes, you have had plenty of storage space but not a lot to fill it up with. With GMail Drive you can easily copy files to your Google Mail Account and retrieve them again.

When you create a new file using GMail Drive, it generates an e-mail and posts it to your account. The e-mail appears in your normal Inbox folder, and the file is attached as an e-mail attachment. GMail Drive periodically checks your mail account (using the Gmail search function) to see if new files have arrived and to rebuild the directory structures. But basically GMail Drive acts as any other hard-drive installed on your computer.

Clik Here for Downloadhttp://www.ziddu.com/download/6898449/gmailfs114.zip.html

SEJARAH KONTRASEPSI

noreply@blogger.com (Contrasepsi.Com) — Sun, 11 Oct 2009 18:15:00 +0000

SEJARAH CONTRACEPTIVE

Dalam catatan sejarah, teknologi kontrasepsi telah dikenal sejak jaman kuno, yaitu sejak 2700 SM ditemukannya buku recep di China yang menulis tentang obat peluntur (abortifum), yang diduga merupakan teknologi kontrasepsi pertama kali.
Dalam sejarah Keluarga Berencana, di Mesir telah ditemukan beberapa resep tentang Pasta vagina bertahun 1850 SM, dan tampon vagina yang mengandung obat pada 1550 SM. Obat tersebut terdiri atas akasia tanah, tanaman yang mengandung Gom Arab yang karena proses fermentasi akan menghasilkan asam laktatb yang sampai sekarang dikenal sebagai spermisida. Di India ditemukan catatan bahasa Sanskrit yang melukiskan usaha abstinensi, tampon dan obat vagina. Di dalam Alkitab, praktek kontrasepsi dengan sanggama terputus telah disebutkan. Di awal abad ke dua, di Yunani, telah diletakkan dasar pemikiran kontrasepsi. Di abad pertengahan para dokter Islam seperti Ibnu Sina (Avicena) mengatakan bahwa kontrasepsi merupakan bagian yang sah dari praktek kedokteran, yang terdiri atas beberapa salep, barier vagina dan senggama terputus.
Perkembangan teknologi kontrasepsi pada awalnya berjalan sangat lambat. Setelah secara sederhana seperti di atas berjalan sampai abad pertengahan, pada tahun 1564, Fallopius merancang linen sebagai penutup glans penis dalam melindungi kemungkinan tertular sifilis. Ternyata usahanya mengilhami penemuan teknologi kontrasepsi modern. Pada 1843 kondom pertama yang terbuat dari karet. Pada 1838, mangkok serviks (Cervical cap) pertama ditemukan oleh F.A. Wide, gonekolog dari Jerman. Spermisida pertama dijual di London tahun 1885. Antara tahun 1920 – 1930, dibuat tablet vagina yang dapat melepaskan karbondioksida yang membentuk busa dalam vagina.
IUD (Intra Uterine Devivice) atau AKDR (Alat Kontrasepsi Dalam Rahin) yang pertama dikenalkan oleh Righter tahun 1909 terbuat dari logam, sempat populer tahun 1929, karena efek samping berupa infeksi dan mortalitas yang tinggi, penggunaannya sempat terhenti. Penemuan IUD oleh Ishihama dari Jepang tahun 1956 dan Oppenheimer dari Israel tahun 1959. Pada saat ini AKDR merupakan salah satu kontrasepsi yang paling popular dan diterima oleh program Keluarga Berencana di setiap negara. Sekitar 60 – 65 juta wanita di seluruh dunia memakainya, dengan pemakai terbanyak di China. AKDR termasuk salah satu kontrasepsi yang sangat efektif. AKDR mempunyai kemampuan mencegah kehamilan yang dinilai sangat efektif. Selain kemudahan dalam pemasangan juga mudah untuk lepas spontan (ekspulsi). Sebagian besar AKDR dilengkapi dengan tali (ekor) agar mudah mendeteksi. Bahan dasarnya plastik, Jenisnya banyak yaitu AKDR polos (inert IUD), AKDR yang mengandung tembaga (copper bearing IUD), AKDR yang mengandung obat (medicated IUD)
Kontrasepsi steroid, dalam bentuk pil, diperkenalkan pertama kali tahun 1956 dan 1958 oleh Rock, Pincus dan Garcia. Setelah itu, diperkenalkan pula steroid lain dalam bentuk injeksi, dan terakhir dalam bentuk susuk
Di Indonesia kontrasepsi susuk (Norplent) diperkenalkan pertama kali tahun 1981. Dan pada tahun 1986 BKKBN menerima implant secara resmi sebagai obat kontrasepsi. Di Indonesia. Implant yang dipasarkan oleh Population Cauncil dengan nama Norplant dengan kontrasepsi subdermal yang menggunakan levonorgesttrel (LNG) sebagai bahan aktifnya.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setelah pemasangan implant terdapat peningkatan kadar LNG pada darah tepi dengan cepat, gangguan perdarahan merupakan efek samping yang banyak dikeluhkan oleh para pemakai Implant, baik berupa perdarahan bercak, menoragia, amenorea maupun haid tidak teratur.
Keuntungan pemakaian implant adalah keefektifannya yang sangat tinggi (one year pregnancy rate nya 0,2 sampai 0,5 per 100 wanita). Implant dapat menekan ovulasi (<24jam).>
Selain macam-macam kontrasepsi diatas ada istilah yaitu Kontrasepsi Mantap yang merupakan terjemahan dari bahasa Inggris, secure contraception. Dengan nama lain sterilisasi (sterirization), atau kontrasepsi operatif (surgical contraception). Pada wanita sterilisasi lazimnya disebut medis operatif wanita (MOW) yang dilakukan dengan pemotongan dan mengambil sebagian saluran telur (tuba)sehingga dikenal dengan istilah tubektomi. Untuk Pria disebut medis operatif pria (MOP), juga disebut sterilisasi pria (vasektomi). Vasektomi harus dibedakan dengan kebiri (pengambilan kedia testes) karena vasektomi hanya perjalanan.
Masa kehidupan reproduksi wanita pada dasarnya dapat dibagi tiga periode, yaitu kurun reproduksi muda (15-19 tahun), kurun reproduksi sehat (20-35 tahun), dan kurun reproduksi tua (36-45 tahun). Pembagian diatas didasarkan atas data epidemiologi bahwa resiko kehamilan dan persalinan baik bagi ibunya maupun bagi anak lebih tinggi pada usia kurang dari 20 tahun, paling rendah pada usia 20-35 tahun dan meningkat lagi secara tajam setelah pada usia lebih dari 35 tahun. Sebaiknya jenis kontrasepsi yang dipakai disesuaikan dengan tahap masa reproduksi tersebut. Secara skematis kurun reproduksi dan pilihan cara KB dapat digambarkan sebagai berikut:
sperma dari testes ke dunia luar yang diputus, tepatnya dengan memotong dan mengambil sebagian vas deverens.
Buku ini disusun untuk memberikan panduan praktis yang dapat digunakan sewaktu-waktu oleh tenaga medis yang bergelut dalam bidang keluarga berencana dan pelayanan kontrasepsi, calon tenaga medis, maupun mereka yang menaruh minat dan perhatian pada bidang keluarga berencana. Penyajian yang ringkas didukung paparan beberapa penelitian memberikan gambaran yang lebih actual dan komprehensif terhadap aspek pelayanan keluarga berencana. ( diolah dari berbagai sumber )