<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1728823257993937811</id><updated>2024-09-08T05:15:33.248+09:00</updated><category term="論文"/><category term="用語"/><category term="研究"/><category term="日記"/><title type='text'>発達障害の脳、時々リハビリ</title><subtitle type='html'>主に脳から見た発達障害について研究しています。脳・神経科学からえられた知見を、どのように教育現場に還元、または解釈していくのかを探っています。</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1728823257993937811/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Oouchida Yutaka</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04444176947594860644</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>14</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1728823257993937811.post-1917112714138789262</id><published>2017-08-15T15:27:00.002+09:00</published><updated>2017-08-15T15:34:33.805+09:00</updated><title type='text'>非流暢性失語に対する右Broca相同領域への１HzTMSと前後の脳活動（２症例）</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;cit&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; line-height: 1.45em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;cit&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8465em; line-height: 1.45em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span role=&quot;menubar&quot;&gt;&lt;a abstractlink=&quot;yes&quot; alsec=&quot;jour&quot; alterm=&quot;Brain Lang.&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-haspopup=&quot;true&quot; href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19695692#&quot; role=&quot;menuitem&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 0px; color: #660066;&quot; title=&quot;Brain and language.&quot;&gt;Brain Lang.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;2009 Oct;111(1):20-35. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2009.07.007. Epub 2009 Aug 19.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0.5em 0px;&quot;&gt;
Overt naming fMRI pre- and post-TMS: Two nonfluent aphasia patients, with and without improved naming post-TMS.&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;auths&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.923em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Martin%20PI%5BAuthor%5D&amp;amp;cauthor=true&amp;amp;cauthor_uid=19695692&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 0px; color: #660066;&quot;&gt;Martin PI&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 0.8461em; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Naeser%20MA%5BAuthor%5D&amp;amp;cauthor=true&amp;amp;cauthor_uid=19695692&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 0px; color: #660066;&quot;&gt;Naeser MA&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Ho%20M%5BAuthor%5D&amp;amp;cauthor=true&amp;amp;cauthor_uid=19695692&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 0px; color: #660066;&quot;&gt;Ho M&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Doron%20KW%5BAuthor%5D&amp;amp;cauthor=true&amp;amp;cauthor_uid=19695692&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 0px; color: #660066;&quot;&gt;Doron KW&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Kurland%20J%5BAuthor%5D&amp;amp;cauthor=true&amp;amp;cauthor_uid=19695692&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 0px; color: #660066;&quot;&gt;Kurland J&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Kaplan%20J%5BAuthor%5D&amp;amp;cauthor=true&amp;amp;cauthor_uid=19695692&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 0px; color: #660066;&quot;&gt;Kaplan J&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Wang%20Y%5BAuthor%5D&amp;amp;cauthor=true&amp;amp;cauthor_uid=19695692&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 0px; color: #660066;&quot;&gt;Wang Y&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Nicholas%20M%5BAuthor%5D&amp;amp;cauthor=true&amp;amp;cauthor_uid=19695692&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 0px; color: #660066;&quot;&gt;Nicholas M&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Baker%20EH%5BAuthor%5D&amp;amp;cauthor=true&amp;amp;cauthor_uid=19695692&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 0px; color: #660066;&quot;&gt;Baker EH&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Alonso%20M%5BAuthor%5D&amp;amp;cauthor=true&amp;amp;cauthor_uid=19695692&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 0px; color: #660066;&quot;&gt;Alonso M&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Fregni%20F%5BAuthor%5D&amp;amp;cauthor=true&amp;amp;cauthor_uid=19695692&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 0px; color: #660066;&quot;&gt;Fregni F&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Pascual-Leone%20A%5BAuthor%5D&amp;amp;cauthor=true&amp;amp;cauthor_uid=19695692&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 0px; color: #660066;&quot;&gt;Pascual-Leone A&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;afflist&quot; style=&quot;zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;color: #724128; font-size: 1.0769em; line-height: 1.2857; margin: 0.5em 0em; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; class=&quot;jig-ncbitoggler ui-widget ui-ncbitoggler&quot; href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19695692#&quot; id=&quot;ui-ncbitoggler-2&quot; role=&quot;button&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 0px; color: #777777; display: block; font-family: arial, sans-serif !important; font-size: 13.9997px; outline: none; padding-left: 16px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none !important;&quot; title=&quot;Open/close author information list&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ui-ncbitoggler-master-text&quot;&gt;Author information&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ui-ncbitoggler-master-text&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;ui-ncbitoggler-master-text&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;color: #985735; display: inline; font-size: 1.0769em; line-height: 1.2857; margin: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;ui-ncbitoggler-master-text&quot;&gt;
Abstract&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
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&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 1.04em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;ui-ncbitoggler-master-text&quot;&gt;&lt;abstracttext&gt;Two chronic, nonfluent aphasia patients participated in overt naming fMRI scans, pre- and post-a series of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatments as part of a TMS study to improve naming. Each patient received 10, 1-Hz rTMS treatments to suppress a part of R pars triangularis. P1 was a &#39;good responder&#39; with improved naming and phrase length; P2 was a &#39;poor responder&#39; without improved naming. Pre-TMS (10 years poststroke), P1 had significant activation in R and L sensorimotor cortex, R IFG, and in both L and R SMA during overt naming fMRI (28% pictures named). At 3 mo. post-TMS (42% named), P1 showed continued activation in R and L sensorimotor cortex, R IFG, and in R and L SMA. At 16 mo. post-TMS (58% named), he also showed significant activation in R and L sensorimotor cortex mouth and R IFG. He now showed a significant increase in activation in the L SMA compared to pre-TMS and at 3 mo. post-TMS (p &amp;lt; .02; p &amp;lt; .05, respectively). At 16 mo. there was also greater activation in L than R SMA (p &amp;lt; .08). At 46 mo. post-TMS (42% named), this new LH pattern of activation continued. He improved on the Boston Naming Test from 11 pictures named pre-TMS, to scores ranging from 14 to 18 pictures, post-TMS (2-43 mo. post-TMS). His longest phrase length (Cookie Theft picture) improved from three words pre-TMS, to 5-6 words post-TMS. Pre-TMS (1.5 years poststroke), P2 had significant activation in R IFG (3% pictures named). At 3 and 6 mo. post-TMS, there was no longer significant activation in R IFG, but significant activation was present in R sensorimotor cortex. On all three fMRI scans, P2 had significant activation in both the L and R SMA. There was no new, lasting perilesional LH activation across sessions for this patient. Over time, there was little or no change in his activation. His naming remained only at 1-2 pictures during all three fMRI scans. His BNT score and longest phrase length remained at one word, post-TMS. Lesion site may play a role in each patient&#39;s fMRI activation pattern and response to TMS treatment. P2, the poor responder, had an atypical frontal lesion in the L motor and premotor cortex that extended high, near brain vertex, with deep white matter lesion near L SMA. P2 also had frontal lesion in the posterior middle frontal gyrus, an area important for naming (Duffau et al., 2003); P1 did not. Additionally, P2 had lesion inferior and posterior to Wernicke&#39;s area, in parts of BA 21 and 37, whereas P1 did not. The fMRI data of our patient who had good response following TMS support the notion that restoration of the LH language network is linked in part, to better recovery of naming and phrase length in nonfluent aphasia.&lt;/abstracttext&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 1.04em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;ui-ncbitoggler-master-text&quot;&gt;&lt;abstracttext&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/abstracttext&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 1.04em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;ui-ncbitoggler-master-text&quot;&gt;日本語抄録&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 1.04em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;ui-ncbitoggler-master-text&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.52px;&quot;&gt;経頭蓋磁気刺激を用いた呼称機能の改善を目的として、&lt;/span&gt;２名の非流暢性失語患者の呼称中の脳賦活を、磁気刺激前後に機能的MRIを用いて撮像を行なった。被験者は、１０回の１Hzの磁気刺激を右pars triangularisの一部の機能を抑制するために行なった。患者１は、磁気刺激により呼称と単語数の長さで改善が見られた。患者２は、磁気刺激による呼称の改善が認められなかった。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 1.04em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;ui-ncbitoggler-master-text&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.52px;&quot;&gt;TMSの効果を認めた患者１（発症後１０年）では、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.04em;&quot;&gt;磁気刺激前、両側の一次運動感覚野、右IFG、両側SMAが呼称中（２８％正答率）に有意な賦活を認めた。３ヶ月後、患者１では、呼称中（４２％正答率）に引き続き両側一次運動感覚野、右IFG、両側SMAに有意な賦活を認めた。１６ヶ月後の呼称中（５８％正答率）には、同様に両側一次運動感覚野と右IFGに有意な賦活を認め、左SMAの活動上昇は、TMS前（p&amp;lt;0.02）、TMS３ヶ月後(p&amp;lt;0.05)と比較して有意な差を認めた。また、TMS１６ヶ月後において、左SMAは、右SMAに比べて大きな賦活を認めた（p&amp;lt;0.08）。TMS４８ヶ月後（４２％正答率）、この左半球の賦活優位性は変わらず認められた。患者１では、ボストン呼称課題で磁気刺激前１１個の呼称から磁気刺激後（２〜４３ヶ月後）に１４〜１８個の呼称が可能となった。彼の最も長いフレーズの長さは、磁気刺激後３語から５〜６語へ改善が見られた。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 1.04em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;ui-ncbitoggler-master-text&quot;&gt;一方TMSのの効果が認められなかった患者２（発症後１．５年）では、呼称中（３％正答率）に右IFGに有意な賦活を認めた。TMS３ヶ月後、６ヶ月後では、右IFGの有意な賦活は認められなかったが、右一次運動感覚野に有意な賦活を認めた。&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.52px;&quot;&gt;患者２は、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.04em;&quot;&gt;全ｆMRIスキャンで両側SMAの有意な賦活を認めた。さらに、セッション間で&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0608px;&quot;&gt;新しく、継続した損傷領域周囲の賦活は認められず、全体を通して呼称中の賦活パターンはほとんど変化を認めなかった。患者２の呼称の成績は、TMS前、３ヶ月後、６ヶ月後で、１，２個の呼称しかできなかった。また、ベントン呼称課題の成績もほとんど変化しなかった。患者２の損傷領域がこのような結果を引き起こしていると考えられる。損傷領域は、左運動野、運動前野からvertexまで損傷が広がっており、左SMA周辺では白質を含む深層部分にまで損傷が伸びていた。患者２は、また呼称に重要な働きをしていることが知られている左中前頭回も損傷を受けいた。一方、患者１ではこの領域には損傷はなかった。さらに、患者２では、患者１には見られないウェルニッケ領野の下部、後方部（BA２１、３７野を含む）にも損傷をうけていた。これらの結果より、TMSによる呼称機能改善は、左半球言語ネットワークの回復が、部分的ではあるが非流暢性失語の呼称機能やフレーズの長さの回復につながっていることがわかる。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 1.04em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;ui-ncbitoggler-master-text&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0608px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;ui-ncbitoggler-master-text&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0608px;&quot;&gt;うーん、患者１と患者２では、まず重症度が大きくちがいますねえ。しかし、どうして患者２では、右IFGの有意な賦活が消えてしまったんでしょうか。。。磁気刺激のせいなんですかねえ。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/feeds/1917112714138789262/comments/default' title='コメントの投稿'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/2017/08/brocahztms.html#comment-form' title='0 件のコメント'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1728823257993937811/posts/default/1917112714138789262'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1728823257993937811/posts/default/1917112714138789262'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/2017/08/brocahztms.html' title='非流暢性失語に対する右Broca相同領域への１HzTMSと前後の脳活動（２症例）'/><author><name>Oouchida Yutaka</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04444176947594860644</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1728823257993937811.post-5300963851307276969</id><published>2016-09-05T16:47:00.001+09:00</published><updated>2016-09-05T16:47:39.307+09:00</updated><title type='text'>四肢切断者のゴムの手錯覚の神経基盤：２症例報告</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;cit&quot;&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span role=&quot;menubar&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span role=&quot;menubar&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span role=&quot;menubar&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23682688#&quot; role=&quot;menuitem&quot; title=&quot;Neurocase.&quot;&gt;Neurocase.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; 2014 Aug;20(4):407-20. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span role=&quot;menubar&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;Neural&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;correlates&lt;/span&gt; of the &lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;rubber&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;hand&lt;/span&gt; illusion in amputees: a report of two cases.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;auths&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Schmalzl%20L%5BAuthor%5D&amp;amp;cauthor=true&amp;amp;cauthor_uid=23682688&quot;&gt;Schmalzl L&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Kalckert%20A%5BAuthor%5D&amp;amp;cauthor=true&amp;amp;cauthor_uid=23682688&quot;&gt;Kalckert A&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Ragn%C3%B6%20C%5BAuthor%5D&amp;amp;cauthor=true&amp;amp;cauthor_uid=23682688&quot;&gt;Ragnö C&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Ehrsson%20HH%5BAuthor%5D&amp;amp;cauthor=true&amp;amp;cauthor_uid=23682688&quot;&gt;Ehrsson HH&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;abstr&quot;&gt;
Abstract&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;One
 of the current challenges in the field of advanced prosthetics is the 
development of artificial limbs that provide the user with detailed 
sensory feedback. Sensory feedback from our limbs is not only important 
for proprioceptive awareness and motor control, but also essential for 
providing us with a feeling of ownership or simply put, the sensation 
that our limbs actually belong to ourselves. The strong link between 
sensory feedback and ownership has been repeatedly demonstrated with the
 so-called &lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;rubber&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;hand&lt;/span&gt; illusion (RHI), during which individuals are induced with the illusory sensation that an artificial &lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;hand&lt;/span&gt;
 is their own. In healthy participants, this occurs via integration of 
visual and tactile signals, which is primarily supported by multisensory
 regions in premotor and intraparietal cortices. Here, we describe a 
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study with two upper limb 
amputees, showing for the first time that the same brain regions 
underlie ownership sensations of an artificial &lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;hand&lt;/span&gt;
 in this population. Albeit preliminary, these findings are interesting 
from both a theoretical as well as a clinical point of view. From a 
theoretical perspective, they imply that even years after the 
amputation, a few seconds of synchronous visuotactile stimulation are 
sufficient to activate &lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;hand&lt;/span&gt;-centered
 multisensory integration mechanisms. From a clinical perspective, they 
show that a very basic sensation of touch from an artificial &lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;hand&lt;/span&gt;
 can be obtained by simple but precisely targeted stimulation of the 
stump, and suggest that a similar mechanism implemented in prosthetic 
hands would greatly facilitate ownership sensations and in turn, 
acceptance of the prosthesis.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;（日本語訳） &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;最先端義肢装具の分野において重要な試みの一つとして挙げられるのは、使用者に詳細な感覚フィードバック情報を提供できる人工四肢の開発である。四肢からの感覚フィードバック情報は、自己受容意識や運動制御のみならず、身体所有感や自己の身体が自分のものであるという感覚を生じさせることにも重要である。感覚フィードバック情報と身体所有感が非常に強く関連していることは、いわゆるゴムの手錯覚と呼ばれる錯覚、人工の手をまるで自己の手のように感じる錯覚において繰り返し示されてきた。健常者において、このような錯覚は、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;主に運動前野や頭頂間溝領域において行われる&lt;/span&gt;視覚情報と触覚情報との統合により生じる。そこで、本研究では、fMRIを用いて、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;二人の上肢切断患者において&lt;/span&gt;はじめて人工手の身体所有感を司る脳領域を明らかにした。予備的なデータではあるが、これらのデータは、理論的な視点と臨床的な視点の両者にとって役に立つデータとなるだろう。理論的な視点からは、四肢切断後数年経過するにもかかわらず、数秒間の視覚・触覚刺激が手中心の多感覚統合メカニズムを十分賦活させることである。臨床的な視点からは、人工手から生じていると感じる感覚が、四肢切断端への刺激により得られることを示し、義手を用いているときに生じるのと同様のメカニズムが、身体所有感を増強させ、さらにそのことが、義手の受容と繋がることが示唆された。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;（すこし感想）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;スウェーデンのカロリンスカ研究所のHenrik Ehrssonらのグループの研究。彼らはすでに健常者におけるゴムの手錯覚時の脳賦活を計測し、その神経基盤を同定しており、運動前野と頭頂葉領域が重要な領域であると報告している。そして、今度は、四肢切断患者において、ゴムの手錯覚中の脳活動を計測することで、義肢が自己の手のように感じる感覚が、健常者で生じるゴムの手錯覚を生じさせる神経メカニズムと同じであるかを調べた研究。四肢切断患者で、ゴムの手錯覚を生じさせるためには、一つ工夫が必要となる。それは、切断端分の一部に、触ると幻肢が触れられたと感じる部位があり、その部位へのブラシによる触覚刺激を与えることである。この刺激により、四肢切断者は、まるで幻肢が触られているような感覚（referred sensation）が生じて、ゴムの手錯覚が可能となる。これにより、四肢切断者がゴムの手錯覚を生じている時に賦活する神経メカニズムは、健常者と同様の運動前野と頭頂葉領域の賦活が見られていた。まあ、このことから、referred sensationは、幻肢の感覚として処理されているってことになり、今後の幻肢痛の介入とかにも色々応用がききそうだなあ。 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/feeds/5300963851307276969/comments/default' title='コメントの投稿'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/2016/09/blog-post.html#comment-form' title='0 件のコメント'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1728823257993937811/posts/default/5300963851307276969'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1728823257993937811/posts/default/5300963851307276969'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/2016/09/blog-post.html' title='四肢切断者のゴムの手錯覚の神経基盤：２症例報告'/><author><name>Oouchida Yutaka</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04444176947594860644</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1728823257993937811.post-1398798849664161219</id><published>2015-10-30T16:38:00.001+09:00</published><updated>2015-10-30T16:40:00.235+09:00</updated><title type='text'>神経因性疼痛と非神経因性疼痛における体性感覚野の可塑的変化</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
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&lt;!--StartFragment--&gt;



&lt;!--EndFragment--&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;cit&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 0.8465em; line-height: 1.45em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span role=&quot;menubar&quot;&gt;&lt;a abstractlink=&quot;yes&quot; alsec=&quot;jour&quot; alterm=&quot;J Neurosci.&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-haspopup=&quot;true&quot; href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23100410#&quot; role=&quot;menuitem&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066;&quot; title=&quot;The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.&quot;&gt;J Neurosci.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;2012 Oct 24;32(43):14874-84. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1733-12.2012.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 1.231em; line-height: 1.125em; margin: 0.375em 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;Pain&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;plasticity&lt;/span&gt;: is chronic&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;pain&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;always associated with&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;somatosensory cortex&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;activity and&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;reorganization&lt;/span&gt;?&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;auths&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 0.923em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Gustin%20SM%5BAuthor%5D&amp;amp;cauthor=true&amp;amp;cauthor_uid=23100410&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066;&quot;&gt;Gustin SM&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 0.8461em; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Peck%20CC%5BAuthor%5D&amp;amp;cauthor=true&amp;amp;cauthor_uid=23100410&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066;&quot;&gt;Peck CC&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Cheney%20LB%5BAuthor%5D&amp;amp;cauthor=true&amp;amp;cauthor_uid=23100410&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066;&quot;&gt;Cheney LB&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Macey%20PM%5BAuthor%5D&amp;amp;cauthor=true&amp;amp;cauthor_uid=23100410&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066;&quot;&gt;Macey PM&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Murray%20GM%5BAuthor%5D&amp;amp;cauthor=true&amp;amp;cauthor_uid=23100410&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066;&quot;&gt;Murray GM&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Henderson%20LA%5BAuthor%5D&amp;amp;cauthor=true&amp;amp;cauthor_uid=23100410&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066;&quot;&gt;Henderson LA&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;afflist&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17.9998px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;color: #724128; font-size: 1.0769em; line-height: 1.2857; margin: 0.5em 0em; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; class=&quot;jig-ncbitoggler ui-widget ui-ncbitoggler&quot; href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23100410#&quot; id=&quot;ui-ncbitoggler-2&quot; role=&quot;button&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; display: block; font-family: arial, sans-serif !important; font-size: 13.9997px; outline: none; padding-left: 16px; position: relative; text-decoration: none !important;&quot; title=&quot;Open/close author information list&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ui-ncbitoggler-master-text&quot;&gt;Author information&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ui-icon ui-icon-triangle-1-e&quot; style=&quot;background: url(http://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4082458/img/3974597) 0px -21px no-repeat scroll transparent; border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border: none; display: inline; height: 1pc; left: 0px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px; text-indent: -99999px; top: 0px; width: 1pc;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div aria-live=&quot;assertive&quot; class=&quot;ui-helper-reset&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; line-height: 1.3; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;abstr&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17.9998px; margin: 1em auto auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;color: #985735; display: inline; font-size: 1.0769em; line-height: 1.2857; margin: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Abstract&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;abstracttext&gt;The&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;somatosensory cortex&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;remodels in response to sensory deprivation, with regions deprived of input invaded by neighboring representations. The degree of cortical&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;reorganization&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;is correlated with ongoing&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;pain&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;intensity, which has led to the assumption that chronic&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;pain&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;conditions are invariably associated with&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;somatosensory cortex&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;reorganization&lt;/span&gt;. Because the presentation and etiology of chronic&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;pain&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;vary, we determined whether cortical changes in human subjects are similar for differing&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;pain&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;types. Using functional and anatomical magnetic resonance imaging, we found that, while human patients with neuropathic&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;pain&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;displayed cortical&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;reorganization&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;and changes in&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;somatosensory cortex&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;activity, patients with non-neuropathic chronic&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;pain&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;did not. Furthermore, cortical&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;reorganization&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;in neuropathic&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;pain&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;patients was associated with changes in regional anatomy. These data, by showing that&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;pain&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;per se is not associated with cortical&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;plasticity&lt;/span&gt;, suggest that treatments aimed at reversing cortical&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;reorganization&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;should only be considered for use in patients with certain types of chronic&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;pain&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/abstracttext&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century;&quot;&gt;体性感覚皮質において、感覚入力が減衰した領域は、周辺の表象（領域）により侵入されるという適応的な変化が生じる。この皮質の変化の程度は、継続する痛みの強さと相関しており、このことは、慢性疼痛は常に体性感覚皮質の再構築を生じさせるだろうという仮説を導かせる。しかしながら、慢性疼痛の症状や原因は多岐にわたるため、痛みの種類により皮質の再構築が異なるのかどうかをヒトの被験者に対して調べた。我々は、機能的、構造的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;MRI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century;&quot;&gt;を用いて、神経因性疼痛を有する被験者では皮質の再構築や体性感覚皮質の活動パターンの変化が見られ、非神経因性疼痛ではそのような変化が見られないことを示した。さらに、痛みの種類により皮質の変化が必ずしも生じないことにより、皮質の再構築を目指す治療法は、ある種のタイプ疼痛（例えば神経因性疼痛）を有する患者に対してのみ効果が見られることを示唆している。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: ＭＳ 明朝;&quot;&gt;久しぶりの更新です。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: ＭＳ 明朝;&quot;&gt;今回の研究は、神経因性と非神経因性でS1の体性感覚地図の変化がどのように異なるのか？ということを調べた研究です。最近、腰痛（back pain）や肩こり（shoulder pain）に鏡療法などの中枢性疼痛に対する治療法が効果があるのかどうかが疑問に思っていたんで、参考になりました。やはり、神経に損傷がある場合とそうでない場合に一次体性感覚野の感覚地図の再構成に差が見られたことは、両者に対するアプローチは違うぽいですね。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/feeds/1398798849664161219/comments/default' title='コメントの投稿'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/2015/10/normal-0-10-pt-0-2-false-false-false-en.html#comment-form' title='0 件のコメント'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1728823257993937811/posts/default/1398798849664161219'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1728823257993937811/posts/default/1398798849664161219'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/2015/10/normal-0-10-pt-0-2-false-false-false-en.html' title='神経因性疼痛と非神経因性疼痛における体性感覚野の可塑的変化'/><author><name>Oouchida Yutaka</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04444176947594860644</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1728823257993937811.post-8514473812748768044</id><published>2015-06-01T17:47:00.001+09:00</published><updated>2015-06-01T17:50:36.459+09:00</updated><title type='text'>CRPS患者におけるNeglect-like symptoms</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;cit&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 0.8465em; line-height: 1.45em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;cit&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 0.8465em; line-height: 1.45em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span role=&quot;menubar&quot;&gt;&lt;a abstractlink=&quot;yes&quot; alsec=&quot;jour&quot; alterm=&quot;J Pain Symptom Manage.&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-haspopup=&quot;true&quot; href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10517043#&quot; role=&quot;menuitem&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066;&quot; title=&quot;Journal of pain and symptom management.&quot;&gt;J&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;Pain&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Symptom Manage.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;1999 Sep;18(3):213-7.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 1.231em; line-height: 1.125em; margin: 0.375em 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;Neglect&lt;/span&gt;-&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;like&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;symptoms&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;in&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;complex regional pain syndrome&lt;/span&gt;: results of a self-administered survey.&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;auths&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 0.923em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Galer%20BS%5BAuthor%5D&amp;amp;cauthor=true&amp;amp;cauthor_uid=10517043&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066;&quot;&gt;Galer BS&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 0.8461em; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Jensen%20M%5BAuthor%5D&amp;amp;cauthor=true&amp;amp;cauthor_uid=10517043&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066;&quot;&gt;Jensen M&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;afflist&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17.9998016357422px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;color: #724128; font-size: 1.0769em; line-height: 1.2857; margin: 0.5em 0em; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a aria-disabled=&quot;false&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; class=&quot;jig-ncbitoggler ui-widget ui-ncbitoggler&quot; href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10517043#&quot; role=&quot;button&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; display: block; font-family: arial, sans-serif !important; font-size: 13.9996995925903px; outline: none; padding-left: 16px; position: relative; text-decoration: none !important;&quot; title=&quot;Open/close author information list&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ui-ncbitoggler-master-text&quot;&gt;Author information&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ui-icon ui-icon-triangle-1-e&quot; style=&quot;background: url(http://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4057043/img/3974597) 0px -21px no-repeat scroll transparent; border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border: none; display: inline; height: 16px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px; text-indent: -99999px; top: 0px; width: 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div aria-live=&quot;assertive&quot; class=&quot;ui-helper-reset&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; line-height: 1.3; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;abstr&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17.9998016357422px; margin: 1em auto auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;color: #985735; display: inline; font-size: 1.0769em; line-height: 1.2857; margin: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Abstract&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;abstracttext&gt;Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD), recently reclassified as a&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;complex regional pain syndrome&lt;/span&gt;, type I (CRPS-I), is best known for its disabling sensory&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;symptoms&lt;/span&gt;, including&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;pain&lt;/span&gt;, allodynia, and abnormal skin temperature. Yet, motor dysfunction is common in CRPS and can result in major disability. In addition to weakness of the involved limb, CRPS patients may develop&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;symptoms&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;akin to a neurological&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;neglect&lt;/span&gt;-&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;like&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;syndrome&lt;/span&gt;, whereby the limb may feel foreign (&quot;cognitive&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;neglect&lt;/span&gt;&quot;) and directed mental and visual attention is needed to move the limb (&quot;motor&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;neglect&lt;/span&gt;&quot;). Members of the patient support group, the Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;Syndrome&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Association (RSDSA), were mailed a questionnaire inserted in their newsletter which inquired about the presence of these&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;neglect&lt;/span&gt;-&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;like&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;symptoms&lt;/span&gt;; in addition, a separate medical history questionnaire was included to assess adequate documentation for the&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;diagnosis&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;of CRPS. A total of 242 patients returned the questionnaire but only 224 of the questionnaires were analyzed; 15 were excluded due to inadequate documentation of CRPS and 3 were excluded due to non-limb involvement. Eighty-four percent (84%) of these respondents endorsed the presence of at least one&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;neglect&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;symptom and 47% indicated they had both &quot;cognitive&quot; and &quot;motor&quot;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;neglect&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;symptoms&lt;/span&gt;. Of interest, approximately 33% of respondents spontaneously wrote comments regarding the significant disability due to these&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;neglect&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;symptoms&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;and the difficulty explaining these unusual&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;symptoms&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;to their health care providers and family. This patient survey confirms the presence of&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;neglect&lt;/span&gt;-&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;like&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;symptoms&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;in a subset of CRPS patients.&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;Neglect&lt;/span&gt;-&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;like&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;symptoms&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;need to be addressed and validated by health care providers.&lt;/abstracttext&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;abstracttext&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/abstracttext&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;abstracttext&gt;この論文は、CRPS患者での運動問題を初めて質問紙調査を行った研究。&lt;/abstracttext&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;abstracttext&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/abstracttext&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;
この論文でのCRPS患者に行った質問。&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 17.9998016357422px;&quot;&gt;当てはまる以下の項目にチェックをつけてください。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;
①&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 17.9998016357422px;&quot;&gt;痛みのある患肢は、注意を向けなければ動かない。（motor neglect）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;
②痛みのある患肢は、体の一部のように感じない。 (cognitive neglect)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;
③痛みのある患肢を思い通りに動かそうとするときは、全力で注意を向けなければならない。&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 17.9998016357422px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(motor neglect)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;
④痛みのある患肢は、時々動かそうとしてないないのに勝手に動く。(motor neglect)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;
⑤痛みのある患肢は、壊死してしまったように感じる。(cognitive neglect)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;line-height: 17.9998016357422px;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;（結果）&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 17.9998016357422px;&quot;&gt;質問４の&lt;/span&gt;２２４名のCRPS患者の回答&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;
◯&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 17.9998016357422px;&quot;&gt;８４％　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 17.9998016357422px;&quot;&gt;４問中１問でも該当すると答えた患者数　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;
◯&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 17.9998016357422px;&quot;&gt;４７％&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 17.9998016357422px;&quot;&gt;　②と③両方の項目で該当すると答えた患者&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;
◯&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 17.9998016357422px;&quot;&gt;６０％　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 17.9998016357422px;&quot;&gt;②が該当すると答えた患者　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;
◯&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 17.9998016357422px;&quot;&gt;５６％　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 17.9998016357422px;&quot;&gt;③が該当すると答えた患者&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 17.9998016357422px;&quot;&gt;◯４２％　①が該当すると答えた患者&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 17.9998016357422px;&quot;&gt;◯３９％　⑤が該当すると答えた患者&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 17.9998016357422px;&quot;&gt;◯６８％　④に該当すると答えた患者&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 17.9998016357422px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 17.9998016357422px;&quot;&gt;かなりの数のCRPS患者が運動的側面にも問題があることを訴えていることが明らかになった。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 17.9998016357422px;&quot;&gt;　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/feeds/8514473812748768044/comments/default' title='コメントの投稿'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/2015/06/neglect-like-symptoms.html#comment-form' title='0 件のコメント'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1728823257993937811/posts/default/8514473812748768044'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1728823257993937811/posts/default/8514473812748768044'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/2015/06/neglect-like-symptoms.html' title='CRPS患者におけるNeglect-like symptoms'/><author><name>Oouchida Yutaka</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04444176947594860644</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1728823257993937811.post-95114441963812961</id><published>2014-08-22T14:52:00.002+09:00</published><updated>2014-08-22T14:52:38.255+09:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="論文"/><title type='text'>CRPSと運動イメージ</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 17.4pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15109523&quot; title=&quot;Pain.&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #660066;&quot;&gt;Pain.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;2004 Mar;108(1-2):192-8.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 4.5pt; margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-outline-level: 1; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;Graded&amp;nbsp;motor&amp;nbsp;imagery&amp;nbsp;is&amp;nbsp;effective&amp;nbsp;for
long-standing complex regional pain syndrome: a randomised controlled trial.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Moseley%20GL%5BAuthor%5D&amp;amp;cauthor=true&amp;amp;cauthor_uid=15109523&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #660066;&quot;&gt;Moseley GL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;&quot;&gt;Department of Physiotherapy, The
University of Queensland and Royal Brisbane and Women&#39;s Hospital, Herston, 4029
Brisbane, Qld, Australia.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;background: white; margin-left: 48.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #985735; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Abstract&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; margin-top: 0mm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS1) involves cortical
abnormalities similar to those observed in phantom pain and after stroke. In
those groups, treatment is aimed at activation of cortical networks that
subserve the affected limb, for example mirror therapy. However, mirror therapy
is not&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;effective&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;for chronic CRPS1, possibly because
movement of the limb evokes intolerable pain. It was hypothesised that
preceding mirror therapy with activation of cortical networks without limb
movement would reduce pain and swelling in patients with chronic CRPS1.
Thirteen chronic CRPS1 patients were randomly allocated to a&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;motor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;imagery&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;program (MIP) or to ongoing
management. The MIP consisted of two weeks each of a hand laterality
recognition task, imagined hand movements and mirror therapy. After 12 weeks,
the control group was crossed-over to MIP. There was a main effect of treatment
group (F(1, 11) = 57, P &amp;lt; 0.01) and an effect size of approximately 25
points on the Neuropathic pain scale. The number needed to treat for a 50%
reduction in NPS score was approximately 2. The effect of treatment was
replicated in the crossed-over control subjects. The results uphold the
hypothesis that a MIP initially not involving limb movement is&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;effective&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;for CRPS1 and support the involvement
of cortical abnormalities in the development of this disorder. Although the
mechanisms of effect of the MIP are not clear, possible explanations are
sequential activation of cortical pre-&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;motor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;and&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;motor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;networks,
or sustained and focussed attention on the affected limb, or both.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;!--StartFragment--&gt;





















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&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;複合性局所疼痛症候群１型（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;CRPS type I: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;）は、幻肢痛や脳卒中後に生じる大脳皮質の異常な可塑的変化が生じる。これらの疾患群では、治療の目標として症状のある四肢の制御に関わる大脳皮質ネットワークを、例えば、鏡療法などで賦活させることとなる。しかしながら、鏡療法は、慢性&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;CRPS type1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;に対して効果が見られない事がわかっており、その理由として、症状のある四肢を動かすと、非常に強い痛みを生じさせるからである。そのため、運動を伴わずに症状のある四肢の制御に関わる脳領域を賦活させることができれば、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;CRPS1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;の患者において痛みを軽減させることが出来るのではという仮説をたてた。１３名の慢性期&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;CRPS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;１患者を、運動イメージプログラム（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;MIP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;）と通常のプログラム（コントロール群）に無作為に割り当てた。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;MIP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;は、手左右判別課題、手運動イメージ、そして鏡療法をそれぞれ２週間ずつ行う。１２週間後、コントロール群も&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;MIP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;を行った。結果は、治療介入法で主効果が見られ、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Neuropathic Pain
Scale (NPS)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;で効果量が２５点までであった。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;NPS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;で５０％の痛み軽減を生じさせるのは、〜２点である。治療効果は、コントロール群の治療介入を&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;MIP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;に変えても同様　の効果が得られた。この結果は、実運動を含まない&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;MIP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;は、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;CRPS1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;に効果があるという仮説を支持する結果であった。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;MIP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;の痛み軽減機序は不明であるが、運動前野と運動野を含む運動制御ネットワークの賦活、症状のある四肢への注意を向けた効果のどちらか、または両者が原因と考えられる。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;CRPSに対する治療プログラムの開発に取り組んでいるオーストラリアのグループからの研究です。この筆者は、今も精力的にこのプログラムの開発に取り組んでいて、最近はこのプログラムで症状の改善が見られなかった症例を集めいていました。確かに、CRPSに痛みのある四肢の運動を行わせることは、痛みを増悪させてしまうことが多いように思います。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/feeds/95114441963812961/comments/default' title='コメントの投稿'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/2014/08/crps.html#comment-form' title='0 件のコメント'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1728823257993937811/posts/default/95114441963812961'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1728823257993937811/posts/default/95114441963812961'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/2014/08/crps.html' title='CRPSと運動イメージ'/><author><name>Oouchida Yutaka</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04444176947594860644</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1728823257993937811.post-2310563803438726962</id><published>2014-08-21T13:27:00.000+09:00</published><updated>2014-08-21T15:53:50.646+09:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="論文"/><title type='text'>身体所有感と一人称視点の自分の手</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;cit&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 0.8465em; line-height: 1.45em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span role=&quot;menubar&quot;&gt;&lt;a abstractlink=&quot;yes&quot; alsec=&quot;jour&quot; alterm=&quot;Neuropsychologia.&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-haspopup=&quot;true&quot; href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=mirror-view+reverses+somatoparaphrenia#&quot; role=&quot;menuitem&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066;&quot; title=&quot;Neuropsychologia.&quot;&gt;Neuropsychologia.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;2011 Dec;49(14):3946-55.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 1.231em; line-height: 1.125em; margin: 0.375em 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;Mirror-view&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;reverses&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;somatoparaphrenia&lt;/span&gt;: dissociation between first- and third-person perspectives on body ownership.&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Fotopoulou%20A%5BAuthor%5D&amp;amp;cauthor=true&amp;amp;cauthor_uid=22023911&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16.613815307617188px;&quot;&gt;Fotopoulou A&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 0.8461em; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16.613815307617188px;&quot;&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Jenkinson%20PM%5BAuthor%5D&amp;amp;cauthor=true&amp;amp;cauthor_uid=22023911&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16.613815307617188px;&quot;&gt;Jenkinson PM&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16.613815307617188px;&quot;&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Tsakiris%20M%5BAuthor%5D&amp;amp;cauthor=true&amp;amp;cauthor_uid=22023911&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16.613815307617188px;&quot;&gt;Tsakiris M&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16.613815307617188px;&quot;&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Haggard%20P%5BAuthor%5D&amp;amp;cauthor=true&amp;amp;cauthor_uid=22023911&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16.613815307617188px;&quot;&gt;Haggard P&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16.613815307617188px;&quot;&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Rudd%20A%5BAuthor%5D&amp;amp;cauthor=true&amp;amp;cauthor_uid=22023911&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16.613815307617188px;&quot;&gt;Rudd A&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16.613815307617188px;&quot;&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Kopelman%20MD%5BAuthor%5D&amp;amp;cauthor=true&amp;amp;cauthor_uid=22023911&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16.613815307617188px;&quot;&gt;Kopelman MD&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16.613815307617188px;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;ul aria-hidden=&quot;false&quot; class=&quot;ui-ncbi-toggler-slave ui-ncbitoggler ui-ncbitoggler-slave-open&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16.899999618530273px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 0.8461em; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;Institute of Psychiatry, King&#39;s College London, UK. a.fotopoulou@kcl.ac.uk&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #985735; display: inline; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 1.0769em; line-height: 1.2857; margin: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Abstract&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17.999801635742188px;&quot;&gt;
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Right-hemisphere stroke can lead to the somatoparaphrenic delusion that parts of one&#39;s own body belong to someone else. To our knowledge, no previous study has experimentally assessed the sense of body part ownership in somatoparaphrenic patients when they see the body from a third-person perspective, as in a mirror. In alternating trials, we provided either direct first-person perspective vision of the arms, or indirect third-person perspective vision via a mirror in the frontal plane. We tested body ownership in these conditions in five patients with right-hemisphere lesions with left hemiplegia and neglect, including two patients with this somatoparaphrenic delusion. The somatoparaphrenic patients systematically attributed the ownership of their left plegic hands to someone else in direct view, but showed a statistically significant increase in ownership of the left hand in&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;mirror view&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;trials, as compared with the three control patients. Depending on the view offered (mirror or direct), judgements of ownership and disownership of the same limb could alternate within a few seconds. The patients did not particularly remark on these dramatic and repeated alterations between ownership and disownership. Conditions of direct- and&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;mirror-view&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;with simultaneous touch of the hand by the experimenter showed the same patterns of results as conditions without touch. This study provides the first experimental evidence that limb disownership can be altered using self-observation in a mirror, and in turn suggests dissociation between first- and third-person visual perspectives on the body. Furthermore, the fact that reinstatement of ownership by third-person perspective did not permanently abolish&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;somatoparaphrenia&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;suggests that the subjective sense of body ownership remained dominated by an impaired first-person representation of the body that could not be updated, nor integrated with other signals. More generally, our findings suggest that a neural network involving the perisylvian areas of the right hemisphere may be necessary for the integration of multiple representations of one&#39;s body and for a higher order re-representation of various bodily signals into a first-person sense of body ownership. We suggest that other areas, possibly including the occipital cortex, may be involved in the recognition of the body from a third-person visual perspective. We thus propose that&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;somatoparaphrenia&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;can be regarded as a neurogenic dissociation between the &#39;subjectively felt&#39; and &#39;objectively seen&#39; body. This recalls the developmental finding that young infants cannot link their &#39;felt body&#39; with the view of themselves in a mirror.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;!--StartFragment--&gt;



&lt;!--EndFragment--&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;右半球への脳損傷により、自己の身体が誰か他人の身体の一部のように感じる身体パラフレニアという症状を呈する事がある。身体パラフレニアの患者において自己の身体を鏡を通して三人称視点で見る事により、見ている自分の身体に対する所有感がどのように変化するかを実験的に調べた研究は、我々が知る限りない。そこで、身体パラフレニアの患者に、直接腕を見るという１人称視点または、鏡を通して腕を見るという３人称視点の２つの条件下を設けて、実験を行った。これらの２条件を、５名の右半球損傷患者（２名が身体パラフレニアを有する）に行い身体所有感を調べた。その結果、身体パラフレニア患者では、直接手を見る条件において左麻痺手の身体所有感が低く、他人の手のように感じるが、鏡を通して手を見る条件では、身体所有感が有意に上がり、自己の身体と感じていた。視点の違いによる所有感の有無は、数秒程度ですぐに変化が見られた。患者は、このドラマティックで繰り返される所有感の有無の変化に関してあまり注意を向けていなかった。また、人称視点を変化させると同時に実験者が麻痺手に触れることによる違いは生じなかった。この研究は、身体所有感の欠如は、鏡を用いて見る事により変化し、身体に関する１人称視点と３人称視点の身体が、それぞれ異なる処理を受けていることが示唆される。さらに、３人称視点による身体所有感の惹起が、永久的に身体パラフレニアを消失させない事は、主観的な身体所有感が、障害された身体の１人称称視点の表象により支配されている事が示唆される。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;一人称視点で感じる所有感と三人称視点で感じる所有感が異なっている可能性があるんですかね〜。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/feeds/2310563803438726962/comments/default' title='コメントの投稿'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/2014/08/blog-post.html#comment-form' title='0 件のコメント'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1728823257993937811/posts/default/2310563803438726962'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1728823257993937811/posts/default/2310563803438726962'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/2014/08/blog-post.html' title='身体所有感と一人称視点の自分の手'/><author><name>Oouchida Yutaka</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04444176947594860644</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1728823257993937811.post-4045359624443495603</id><published>2014-07-21T15:09:00.002+09:00</published><updated>2014-07-21T22:28:00.291+09:00</updated><title type='text'>ポスドク研究員の募集</title><content type='html'>我々の研究室では、H２６年から開始される新学術領域研究「&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: anton, sans-serif; line-height: 1.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;脳内身体表現の変容機構とその理解と制御&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;」（代表：太田順、東京大学）のC01研究項目「&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;脳内身体表現の変容を利用したニューロリハビリテーション&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;」（班代表：出江紳一、東北大学）として参加することになりました。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
そこで、新たにポスドク研究員を募集することになりました。&lt;br /&gt;
詳しくは、&lt;a href=&quot;https://jrecin.jst.go.jp/seek/SeekJorDetail?fn=0&amp;amp;id=D114070913&amp;amp;ln_jor=0&quot;&gt;ここ（JREC）の募集要項&lt;/a&gt;を御覧ください。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ぜひ、当研究室の研究内容と新学術領域研究の内容に興味があり、我々と一緒に研究をしていただける方を募集します。よろしくお願いします。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
なにか質問や聞きたいことがあれば、ご自由にどうぞ。&lt;br /&gt;
あと新学術領域研究のC01研究項目のHPは、&lt;a href=&quot;http://damekappa.wix.com/neuroreha&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ここ&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;です。</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/feeds/4045359624443495603/comments/default' title='コメントの投稿'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/2014/07/blog-post.html#comment-form' title='0 件のコメント'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1728823257993937811/posts/default/4045359624443495603'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1728823257993937811/posts/default/4045359624443495603'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/2014/07/blog-post.html' title='ポスドク研究員の募集'/><author><name>Oouchida Yutaka</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04444176947594860644</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1728823257993937811.post-5640927276779602809</id><published>2012-01-17T11:23:00.004+09:00</published><updated>2012-01-17T11:24:21.729+09:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="論文"/><title type='text'>身体所有感と免疫系</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Curr Biol. 2011 Dec 6;21(23):R945-6. Epub 2011 Dec 5.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The rubber hand illusion increases histamine reactivity in the real arm.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Barnsley N, McAuley JH, Mohan R, Dey A, Thomas P, Moseley GL.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia; The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Abstract&lt;br /&gt;
Most people are convinced that their body parts are in fact their own, but in some clinical conditions, this sense of ownership can be lost [1]. Perceptual illusions, most famously the rubber hand illusion (RHI) [2], demonstrate that a sense of ownership over a body part (or an entire body [3]) that is not in fact ours can be easily induced in healthy volunteers. But does illusory ownership over an artificial body part have consequences for the real body part, the one that has been &#39;replaced&#39;? Recent data show the RHI induces a small but robust drop in skin temperature of the real hand. That is, blood flow to the &#39;disowned&#39; hand seems to be selectively reduced [1]. Such a finding is particularly relevant to the immune system because a primary role of the immune system is to &#39;discriminate self from non-self&#39;[4]. We predicted that the innate immune system may be upregulated in a manner consistent with rejection of the replaced hand. Consistent with this prediction, we report here that the RHI increases histamine reactivity, which is a key final pathway of the innate immune response and has been implicated in autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis [5]. Our finding has direct implications for autoimmune disorders and a range of neurological and psychiatric conditions characterised by a disrupted sense of ownership over one&#39;s body (see [1] for a list of conditions), and has broader implications that extend well beyond previous assertions about the mind-body link.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
大抵の人は、自己の身体が、自分のモノであることを疑うことはない。しかし、ある臨床の場面では、このような身体の所有感が失われることがある。ゴムの手錯覚（rubber hand illusion：RHI）と呼ばれる非常に有名な知覚の錯覚では、健常者において自己の身体部位に対する所有感を、自己の身体以外の物体にも簡単に持たせることが出来る。しかし、錯覚により身体以外の人工物に対して所有感を持つことは、頭の中で実際の自分の手と置き換えられることになるのだろうか？最近のデータでは、RHIは、小さいが非常に頑健な皮膚温の低下を自己の手に生じさせることが明らかにされた。つまり、所有感を失った自己の本物の手への血流量が低下していると考えられる。この発見は、免疫系に対しても般化することが出来る。なぜなら、免疫系の第一義的な役割は、自己と非自己を区別することだからである。&lt;br /&gt;
そこで、この研究では、本能的な免疫系は、所有感を失った自己の手に対して何らかの免疫的な拒絶反応を示すのではないかと予測した。結果は、予測通りにRHIは、ヒスタミンの反応性上昇させた。ヒスタミンは、本能的な免疫反応の重要な最終経路であり、多発性硬化症のうような自己免疫疾患に関与するものである。本研究の結果は、自己身体への身体所有感の障害により特徴付けられる自己免疫疾患、精神・神経疾患に対する有益な情報となり、さらには、こころー身体のつながりに関しても有益な情報をもたらすだろう。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
（感想）身体所有感と免疫系との関係に着眼した所がすごい。院生の会津くんが紹介してくれた論文でした。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/feeds/5640927276779602809/comments/default' title='コメントの投稿'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/2012/01/blog-post.html#comment-form' title='0 件のコメント'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1728823257993937811/posts/default/5640927276779602809'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1728823257993937811/posts/default/5640927276779602809'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/2012/01/blog-post.html' title='身体所有感と免疫系'/><author><name>Oouchida Yutaka</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04444176947594860644</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1728823257993937811.post-3235115813665191635</id><published>2012-01-17T10:45:00.004+09:00</published><updated>2012-01-17T10:46:21.545+09:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="用語"/><title type='text'>身体イメージと身体図式（body image and body schema)</title><content type='html'>&lt;style&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;身体イメージと身体図式の定義（Body image and body schema）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;A body image is composed of a system of
experiences, attitudes, and beliefs where the object of such intentional states
is one’s own body.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Studies that involve body image frequently
distinguish among three intentional elements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;A subject’s perceptual experience of his/her own body.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;A subject’s conceptual understanding (including folk and/or
scientific knowledge) of the body in general.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;A subject’s emotional attitude toward his or her own body.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Conceptual and emotional aspects of body
image are not doubt affected by various cultural and interpersonal factors, but
in many respects their content originates in perceptual experience.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;By contrast,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;The concept of body schema include two
aspects:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;the close-to-automatic system of processes that constantly regulates
posture and movement to serve intentional action,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;our pre-reflective and non-objectifying body-awareness.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Body schema is a system of sensorimotor
capacities and activations that function without the necessity of perceptual
monitoring.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Body-schematic processes are responsible
for motor control, and involve sensorimotor capacities, abilities, and habits
that enable movement and the maintenance of posture.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Such processes are not perceptions, belief,
or, feelings, but sensorimotor functions that continue to operate, and in many
respects operate best, when the intentional object of perception is something
other than one’s own body.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Century; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;On the other hand, however, the body schema (and
this reflects Merleau-Ponty’s usage of the term) also includes our
pre-reflective, proprioceptive awareness of our bodily action.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Gallagher and Zahavi,(2008),The Phenomenological mind&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Century; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;,(pp.145-146)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/feeds/3235115813665191635/comments/default' title='コメントの投稿'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/2012/01/body-image-and-body-schema.html#comment-form' title='0 件のコメント'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1728823257993937811/posts/default/3235115813665191635'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1728823257993937811/posts/default/3235115813665191635'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/2012/01/body-image-and-body-schema.html' title='身体イメージと身体図式（body image and body schema)'/><author><name>Oouchida Yutaka</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04444176947594860644</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1728823257993937811.post-7793466903871375531</id><published>2011-10-09T12:40:00.003+09:00</published><updated>2011-10-13T12:12:50.820+09:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="論文"/><title type='text'>小脳と運動観察</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #131313;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: black; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a abstractlink=&quot;yes&quot; alsec=&quot;jour&quot; alterm=&quot;Cerebellum.&quot; href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=your%20actions%20in%20your%20cerebellum#&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #333333; text-decoration: underline;&quot; title=&quot;Cerebellum (London, England).&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;Cerebellum&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;2011 Aug 13.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: black; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;font-size: 1.3333em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.375em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;





&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=your%20actions%20in%20your%20cerebellum&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;Your&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;Actions&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;in My&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;Cerebellum&lt;/span&gt;: Subclinical Deficits in Action Observation in Patients with Unilateral Chronic Cerebellar Stroke.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: black; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;auths&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: black; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Cattaneo%20L%22%5BAuthor%5D&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #333333; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Cattaneo L&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Fasanelli%20M%22%5BAuthor%5D&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #333333; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Fasanelli M&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Andreatta%20O%22%5BAuthor%5D&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #333333; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Andreatta O&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Bonifati%20DM%22%5BAuthor%5D&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #333333; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Bonifati DM&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Barchiesi%20G%22%5BAuthor%5D&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #333333; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Barchiesi G&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Caruana%20F%22%5BAuthor%5D&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #333333; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Caruana F&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: black; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;aff&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.91666em; line-height: 1.0915em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h3 class=&quot;label&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 1em; height: 1px; left: -10000px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; position: absolute; top: auto; width: 1px;&quot;&gt;



&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: black; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;

Source&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: black; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Via delle Regole 101, 38123, Mattarello, Trento, Italy, luigi.cattaneo@unitn.it.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #131313; font-family: &#39;ＭＳ 明朝&#39;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;日本語抄録&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #131313; font-family: &#39;ＭＳ 明朝&#39;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;我々は経験的に、少脳皮質損傷より大脳皮質損傷のほうが認知機能への影響は大きく、そして重要と考える。しかしながら、神経イメージング手法を用いた研究では、運動観察や運動理解に小脳が非常に強く賦活することが一貫して報告されている。このことは、小脳が運動観察において生じる自動的シミュレーション処理の一部に密接に関与しているからと考えられている。運動実行時に小脳がシーケンサー（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;sequencer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #131313; font-family: &#39;ＭＳ 明朝&#39;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;）のように機能することより、小脳が運動を構成する要素の時間的処理（タイミング）を理解するのに非常に重要な役割を担っていると考えられる。そこで、慢性期で初発の小脳の虚血性血管障害８人でコホート研究を行った。実験課題は、他者による複雑な運動、または物体の複雑な運動という２種類の運動からランダムに埋め込まれている異質な運動シーケンスを検出するという課題である。１６名の健常被験者が統制群として参加した。結果、小脳損傷の患者では、統制群と比較して、両運動条件において有意に成績の低下が見られ、さらに、ヒトの運動条件での成績が物体の運動条件に比較し成績が低かった。このような乖離は、ヒトの運動シークエンスは、他のシークエンスとは異なって小脳で表象されているようである。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #131313; font-family: &#39;ＭＳ 明朝&#39;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;（感想） &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #131313; font-family: &#39;ＭＳ 明朝&#39;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;今水さんの左小脳皮質の内部モデルの話からかもしれないのですが、どうも小脳損傷患者さんには我々が行うよ観察・模倣運動学習の効果が難しいような気がします。一度、機会があれば障害の小脳半球の左右差を観察・運動学習で見てみたいと考えてます。&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/feeds/7793466903871375531/comments/default' title='コメントの投稿'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/2011/10/blog-post.html#comment-form' title='0 件のコメント'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1728823257993937811/posts/default/7793466903871375531'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1728823257993937811/posts/default/7793466903871375531'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/2011/10/blog-post.html' title='小脳と運動観察'/><author><name>Oouchida Yutaka</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04444176947594860644</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1728823257993937811.post-4277722530570403833</id><published>2011-09-03T02:32:00.000+09:00</published><updated>2011-09-03T02:42:17.569+09:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="用語"/><title type='text'>tremor (振戦)</title><content type='html'>振戦（tremor）とは、相反神経支配されている筋肉群（主動筋と拮抗筋）が交互または不規則に収縮することにより引き起こされる不随意でリズミックな運動である。運動がリズミックであることにより他の不随意運動と区別され、主動筋と拮抗筋が関与することによりクローヌス(clonus)と区別される。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
異常な病理的な振戦は、臨床上四肢の遠位筋でよく見られ、頭部、舌、顎、体幹筋といった近位部の筋は非常に稀である。また振戦は、覚醒下においてのみ見られ、殆どの場合、４から７Hzという生理的振戦の約半分ほどの周期である。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
臨床の解析では、振戦の１）リズム性、２）周波数、３）運動や姿勢との関係、４）拮抗筋の活動パターン（交互または不規則）により分類される。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.co.jp/Adams-Victors-Principles-Neurology-Ninth/dp/007149992X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;qid=1314984633&amp;amp;sr=8-1&quot;&gt;Adams and Victor&#39;s Principles of Neurology 9th Edition&lt;/a&gt;より</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/feeds/4277722530570403833/comments/default' title='コメントの投稿'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/2011/09/tremor.html#comment-form' title='0 件のコメント'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1728823257993937811/posts/default/4277722530570403833'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1728823257993937811/posts/default/4277722530570403833'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/2011/09/tremor.html' title='tremor (振戦)'/><author><name>Oouchida Yutaka</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04444176947594860644</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1728823257993937811.post-8701525936220598691</id><published>2011-09-02T10:11:00.001+09:00</published><updated>2011-09-03T02:32:54.052+09:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="研究"/><title type='text'>痛みと身体図式</title><content type='html'>痛みと身体図式、この２つの関係は幻肢痛へのミラーセラピーの効果を考えると結びつくものだけど、具体的にどのように結びついているかはわからない。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
幻肢痛では、ない四肢があると感じるという幻肢という状態が身体図式の異常であることはまちがいない。また、ミラーセラピーでは、幻肢の運動意図と視覚フィードバックを一致させることにより、身体図式の修正、または再構築が行われている可能性が高い。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
だけど、なぜ身体図式の異常が痛みにつながるかはわからない。幾つか仮説はたつけど、なかなか検証する方法が難しい。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ちなみに週１で、幻肢痛ではないが&lt;a href=&quot;http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E5%90%88%E6%80%A7%E5%B1%80%E6%89%80%E7%96%BC%E7%97%9B%E7%97%87%E5%80%99%E7%BE%A4&quot;&gt;CRPS&lt;/a&gt;のtypeI疑いの患者さんへのミラーセラピーの介入を行っている。正直、効果は微妙であるが、長期的（半年くらい）にみると痛みは減少している。ただ、週一の介入で半年も続けてると、一体何が効いているかを知るのは困難だけど。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
まあ、研究的介入であるのでじっくりと時間をかけて患者さんをみて、なにかヒントを得られればとのんびり構えています（＾＾&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/feeds/8701525936220598691/comments/default' title='コメントの投稿'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/2011/09/blog-post_1822.html#comment-form' title='0 件のコメント'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1728823257993937811/posts/default/8701525936220598691'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1728823257993937811/posts/default/8701525936220598691'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/2011/09/blog-post_1822.html' title='痛みと身体図式'/><author><name>Oouchida Yutaka</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04444176947594860644</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1728823257993937811.post-7913638384853183043</id><published>2011-09-02T00:18:00.001+09:00</published><updated>2011-09-03T02:33:28.517+09:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="研究"/><title type='text'>研究キーワード</title><content type='html'>研究の興味は、&lt;br /&gt;
「身体図式とは一体何なのか？それはどのように構築、再構築できるのか？」&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
現在の研究プロジェクトは、&lt;br /&gt;
１，慢性期脳卒中片麻痺患者への経頭蓋磁気刺激と模倣運動学習&lt;br /&gt;
２，幻肢痛に対する身体図式の再構築&lt;br /&gt;
３，小児に対する経頭蓋電気刺激（tDCS）を用いたリハビリテーション法の開発&lt;br /&gt;
でやってます。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
研究のスタイルとしては、大規模研究ではなく、協力していただいている患者さんをできる限り長期にわたり細かくしっかりと見ていく狭く深くのスタンスです。&lt;br /&gt;
なもので、症例数は遅々として増えません（＾＾；&lt;br /&gt;
それで、今流行のRCTなんぞ先の先の話です。&lt;br /&gt;
このようなスタンスをとっている理由は、学術的なものではなく私の性格に起因しているような。。。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
３の小児の研究は、生まれながらにして持っている模倣運動を利用した模倣運動学習の研究をしているので、子供のリハになんとか応用できないかというのがきっかけです。まだ始まったばっかりで現在６歳の子を週二回、半年にわたり見て、上肢の不随意運動の抑制を目指して、ほそぼそとやっています。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ちなみに研究プロジェクトに興味がある人は、書き込み、メール大歓迎です。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/feeds/7913638384853183043/comments/default' title='コメントの投稿'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/2011/09/blog-post_02.html#comment-form' title='0 件のコメント'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1728823257993937811/posts/default/7913638384853183043'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1728823257993937811/posts/default/7913638384853183043'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/2011/09/blog-post_02.html' title='研究キーワード'/><author><name>Oouchida Yutaka</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04444176947594860644</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1728823257993937811.post-7121090394417492875</id><published>2011-09-01T23:39:00.002+09:00</published><updated>2011-09-03T02:42:49.202+09:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="日記"/><title type='text'>とりあえず</title><content type='html'>ブログが完成。&lt;br /&gt;
どのようなブログにしていくかは、まだ不明。&lt;br /&gt;
たぶん、リハビリテーションのための脳研究についてちょこちょこと書いていく予定。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/feeds/7121090394417492875/comments/default' title='コメントの投稿'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/2011/09/blog-post.html#comment-form' title='0 件のコメント'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1728823257993937811/posts/default/7121090394417492875'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1728823257993937811/posts/default/7121090394417492875'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://neuro-rehabilitation.blogspot.com/2011/09/blog-post.html' title='とりあえず'/><author><name>Oouchida Yutaka</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04444176947594860644</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>