Black and white Computer

Layered (N-Tier) Architecture

2026-05-16T08:53:47.357-07:00

The Layered Architecture, also called N-Tier Architecture, is one of the most widely adopted patterns in enterprise software development. It organizes code into horizontal layers stacked on top of each other, where each layer has a distinct responsibility and only communicates with adjacent layers.

Here's a visual breakdown of how the Layered Architecture works

The Four Standard Layers Explained

1. Presentation Layer (Top)

This is the layer users interact with directly. It handles everything visual and user-facing, including web pages, mobile app screens, desktop GUIs, and REST API endpoints. Its job is to display information and capture user input, then pass requests down to the business layer. It should contain no business rules; it only knows how to present data and collect input. Technologies typically used here include React, Angular, Vue.js, HTML/CSS, mobile frameworks like Swift or Kotlin, and API controllers in frameworks like Spring or ASP.NET.

2. Business Logic Layer (Application Layer)

This is the brain of the application. It contains the core business rules, workflows, validation logic, and calculations that make the application useful. For example, in an e-commerce app, this layer would calculate shipping costs, apply discount codes, validate orders, and enforce policies like "no orders over $10,000 without manager approval." It receives requests from the presentation layer, processes them according to business rules, and asks the data access layer for any information it needs.

3. Data Access Layer (Persistence Layer)

This layer is responsible for talking to the database. It abstracts away the details of how data is stored, so the business layer doesn't need to know whether you're using PostgreSQL, MongoDB, or a flat file. It typically contains repositories, Data Access Objects (DAOs), or ORM mappings (like Hibernate, Entity Framework, or Sequelize). When the business layer says "give me customer #123," this layer figures out the SQL or query needed to retrieve it.

4. Database Layer

The actual data storage system, which could be a relational database (MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server), a NoSQL database (MongoDB, Cassandra), or even file storage. This layer holds the persistent state of your application.

Key Principles

The Closed Layer Principle is fundamental: each layer is "closed," meaning a request must pass through every layer in order. The presentation layer cannot skip the business layer and talk directly to the data access layer. This enforces separation of concerns and keeps the architecture clean, even though it can feel inefficient for simple operations.

The Layers of Isolation concept means changes to one layer shouldn't ripple through the others. If you swap MySQL for PostgreSQL, only the data access layer should need updating. If you redesign the UI, the business logic remains untouched.

Real-World Example: An E-Commerce Checkout

When a customer clicks "Place Order" on a shopping site, the request flows like this. The presentation layer captures the click and sends the order data to the business layer. The business layer validates that items are in stock, calculates tax and shipping, applies any coupons, and checks the customer's credit. It then asks the data access layer to save the order. The data access layer translates this into SQL INSERT statements and writes to the database. The response then bubbles back up: database confirms save, data access layer returns success, business layer generates an order confirmation, and the presentation layer shows the "Thank you for your order!" page.

Advantages

The pattern offers strong separation of concerns, making code easier to understand and maintain. Teams can specialize, with frontend developers working on presentation while backend developers handle business logic. Testing becomes simpler because each layer can be tested in isolation by mocking the layer below. It's also a familiar pattern, so new developers can quickly understand the codebase.

Disadvantages

Performance can suffer because every request must traverse multiple layers, even for simple operations. This is sometimes called the "sinkhole anti-pattern" when requests pass through layers without any meaningful processing happening in them. Scaling can also be tricky because the entire application typically scales as one unit, even if only one layer is the bottleneck. As applications grow, the layers can become bloated, especially the business layer, which sometimes turns into a "god layer" containing too much logic.

When to Use It

Layered architecture works best for traditional business applications, enterprise software with clear domain boundaries, small to medium-sized teams, and applications where maintainability matters more than raw performance. It's a great starting point and is often the default choice unless you have specific reasons to choose something else.

Check Microsoft Office 2016 Product key

2025-03-17T23:00:00.000-07:00

There are a method to check the Microsoft office 2016 product key, but the most easiest 1 is to run the script.

You can check your Microsoft Office 2016 product key using a simple VBScript. Here’s how you can do it:

Step 1: Open Notepad

Press Win + R, type notepad, and press Enter.
Copy and paste the following script into Notepad:


    Dim objFSO, objShell, objKey
Dim strKeyPath, strKey
Set objFSO = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
Set objShell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")

' Registry path for Office 2016
strKeyPath = "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Office\16.0\Registration\"

On Error Resume Next
strKey = objShell.RegRead(strKeyPath & "DigitalProductID")
If Err.Number <> 0 Then
    WScript.Echo "Could not retrieve the Office 2016 product key."
    Err.Clear
Else
    WScript.Echo "Microsoft Office 2016 Product Key: " & ConvertToKey(strKey)
End If

Function ConvertToKey(Key)
    Dim KeyChars, i, CurrentKeyPart, OutputKey, KeyOffset
    KeyChars = "BCDFGHJKMPQRTVWXY2346789"
    OutputKey = ""
    KeyOffset = 52
    For i = 24 To 0 Step -1
        CurrentKeyPart = 0
        For j = 14 To 0 Step -1
            CurrentKeyPart = CurrentKeyPart * 256 + Asc(Mid(Key, j + 1, 1))
            Mid(Key, j + 1, 1) = Chr(Int(CurrentKeyPart / 24))
            CurrentKeyPart = CurrentKeyPart Mod 24
        Next
        OutputKey = Mid(KeyChars, CurrentKeyPart + 1, 1) & OutputKey
        If (i Mod 5 = 0) And (i <> 0) Then OutputKey = "-" & OutputKey
    Next
    ConvertToKey = OutputKey
End Function

Step 2: Save the Script

Click File > Save As.
Change "Save as type" to All Files (*.*).
Name the file Check_Office_Key.vbs (make sure the extension is .vbs).
Save it on your Desktop or any preferred location.

Step 3: Run the Script

Double-click the Check_Office_Key.vbs file.
A window will pop up displaying your Microsoft Office 2016 product key.

Alternative: Check via Command Prompt

If you don’t want to use a script, you can check your Office product key using CMD:

Press Win + R, type cmd, and press Enter.
Run the following command:

        wmic path softwarelicensingservice get OA3xOriginalProductKey

If your product key is stored in the BIOS, this will retrieve it.

Important Notes:

=)

If Office was installed via Microsoft 365, this method won’t work.

If your Office key was activated via Microsoft Account, it is stored online instead of locally

Sql Server check Relations between table

2025-03-17T10:09:00.000-07:00

The Relationship between inside the table is important to let the user retrieve/select the data.

There are few relationship of the database which is the following

Many to Many
Many to one
One to Many
One to one

To check relationships between tables in SQL Server and understand how they enable data retrieval, you can query the database's metadata using system views like INFORMATION_SCHEMA or sys objects. Relationships in a database—such as Many-to-Many, Many-to-One, One-to-Many, and One-to-One—define how tables are linked, typically via primary and foreign keys, which is crucial for users to select and retrieve data effectively. Below, I’ll explain how to identify these relationships and their types.

Checking Relationships in SQL Server

SQL Server stores relationship information (foreign key constraints) in system tables. You can use the following query to list all relationships between tables:

sql

SELECT 
    fk.name AS ForeignKeyName,
    OBJECT_NAME(fk.parent_object_id) AS TableName,
    COL_NAME(fc.parent_object_id, fc.parent_column_id) AS ColumnName,
    OBJECT_NAME(fk.referenced_object_id) AS ReferencedTable,
    COL_NAME(fc.referenced_object_id, fc.referenced_column_id) AS ReferencedColumn
FROM 
    sys.foreign_keys AS fk
INNER JOIN 
    sys.foreign_key_columns AS fc ON fk.object_id = fc.constraint_object_id
ORDER BY 
    TableName;

Explanation:
- sys.foreign_keys: Contains metadata about foreign key constraints.
- sys.foreign_key_columns: Links foreign keys to specific columns.
- This query shows which table and column reference another table and column, revealing the relationship.

Example output:

ForeignKeyName    TableName    ColumnName    ReferencedTable    ReferencedColumn
FK_Order_Customer Orders      CustomerID    Customers          CustomerID
FK_OrderDetail_Order OrderDetails OrderID    Orders             OrderID

Types of Relationships

The relationships you mentioned define how data connects across tables. Here’s how they work and how to identify them in SQL Server:

1. One-to-One

Definition: Each row in Table A corresponds to exactly one row in Table B, and vice versa.
Example: A Users table and a UserProfiles table, where each user has one profile.
Identification: Look for a foreign key with a unique constraint or primary key on both sides.

Query Check:

sql

SELECT 
    OBJECT_NAME(fk.parent_object_id) AS Table1,
    COL_NAME(fc.parent_object_id, fc.parent_column_id) AS Column1,
    OBJECT_NAME(fk.referenced_object_id) AS Table2,
    COL_NAME(fc.referenced_object_id, fc.referenced_column_id) AS Column2
FROM 
    sys.foreign_keys AS fk
INNER JOIN 
    sys.foreign_key_columns AS fc ON fk.object_id = fc.constraint_object_id
WHERE 
    EXISTS (
        SELECT 1 
        FROM sys.indexes i 
        WHERE i.object_id = fk.parent_object_id 
        AND i.is_unique = 1
    );

If the foreign key column is also unique, it’s likely a One-to-One relationship.

2. One-to-Many

Definition: One row in Table A can relate to multiple rows in Table B, but each row in Table B relates to only one row in Table A.
Example: A Customers table and an Orders table, where one customer can have many orders.
Identification: The foreign key in Table B (e.g., CustomerID in Orders) references the primary key in Table A (e.g., CustomerID in Customers).
Common in Output: Most foreign keys from the first query indicate One-to-Many unless otherwise constrained.

3. Many-to-One

Definition: Multiple rows in Table A can relate to one row in Table B (the inverse of One-to-Many).
Example: Many Orders link to one Customer.
Identification: Same as One-to-Many, just viewed from the opposite perspective. The foreign key is in the "many" table.

4. Many-to-Many

Definition: Multiple rows in Table A can relate to multiple rows in Table B, and vice versa.
Example: A Students table and a Courses table, where students can take many courses and courses have many students.
Identification: Requires a junction (or bridge) table with two foreign keys, each referencing the primary keys of the related tables.

Query Check:

sql

SELECT 
    t.name AS JunctionTable,
    c1.name AS Column1,
    OBJECT_NAME(fk1.referenced_object_id) AS Table1,
    c2.name AS Column2,
    OBJECT_NAME(fk2.referenced_object_id) AS Table2
FROM 
    sys.tables t
INNER JOIN 
    sys.foreign_keys fk1 ON fk1.parent_object_id = t.object_id
INNER JOIN 
    sys.foreign_key_columns fc1 ON fc1.constraint_object_id = fk1.object_id
INNER JOIN 
    sys.columns c1 ON c1.object_id = fc1.parent_object_id AND c1.column_id = fc1.parent_column_id
INNER JOIN 
    sys.foreign_keys fk2 ON fk2.parent_object_id = t.object_id AND fk2.object_id != fk1.object_id
INNER JOIN 
    sys.foreign_key_columns fc2 ON fc2.constraint_object_id = fk2.object_id
INNER JOIN 
    sys.columns c2 ON c2.object_id = fc2.parent_object_id AND c2.column_id = fc2.parent_column_id
WHERE 
    t.name NOT IN (OBJECT_NAME(fk1.referenced_object_id), OBJECT_NAME(fk2.referenced_object_id));

This identifies tables with two foreign keys pointing to different tables, typical of Many-to-Many setups.

Example output for Many-to-Many:

JunctionTable    Column1    Table1      Column2    Table2
StudentCourses   StudentID  Students    CourseID   Courses

Why Relationships Matter

Relationships ensure data integrity and enable efficient retrieval:

Joins: Users can combine data from related tables using SQL JOIN operations (e.g., SELECT * FROM Orders JOIN Customers ON Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID).
Referential Integrity: Foreign keys prevent invalid data (e.g., an order without a valid customer).
Query Flexibility: Relationships allow complex queries across tables, like finding all orders for a specific customer.

Practical Example

Suppose you have:

Customers (CustomerID PK)
Orders (OrderID PK, CustomerID FK)
OrderDetails (OrderID FK, ProductID FK)
Products (ProductID PK)

Run the first query, and you might see:

Orders.CustomerID → Customers.CustomerID (One-to-Many)
OrderDetails.OrderID → Orders.OrderID (One-to-Many)
OrderDetails.ProductID → Products.ProductID (Many-to-One)

If you had a StudentCourses table with StudentID and CourseID, the Many-to-Many query would catch it.

Conclusion

In SQL Server, use sys.foreign_keys and related views to check relationships. One-to-One involves unique foreign keys, One-to-Many and Many-to-One are direct foreign key links, and Many-to-Many uses junction tables. These relationships are key to structuring data for retrieval, ensuring users can query efficiently and accurately. Let me know if you need help applying this to a specific schema!

Find PHP ini file

2025-03-17T10:07:00.000-07:00

php -i | grep "Loaded Configuration File"

 php -i | findstr /c:"Loaded Configuration File"

The two commands provided are used to determine the path of the PHP configuration file (php.ini) that is currently loaded by the PHP interpreter. Below, I’ll explain what each command does and why there are two different versions.


Breakdown of the Commands
Common Part: php -i
Both commands start with php -i.
This runs PHP from the command line and outputs detailed information about the PHP configuration, including settings, extensions, and the loaded configuration file.
It’s similar to calling the phpinfo() function in a PHP script but displays the output in the terminal.
The Pipe: |
The | symbol is a pipe, which takes the output of php -i and sends it as input to the next command for further processing.
First Command: php -i | grep "Loaded Configuration File"
What it does:
grep is a command-line tool used in Unix-like systems (e.g., Linux, macOS) to search text for lines that match a specific pattern.
Here, it searches the output of php -i for the exact phrase "Loaded Configuration File".
Output:
It will display the line containing "Loaded Configuration File" and the path to the php.ini file, such as:
Loaded Configuration File => /etc/php/8.3/cli/php.ini
Second Command: php -i | findstr /c:"Loaded Configuration File"
What it does:
findstr is a Windows command-line tool that searches for text patterns, similar to grep.
The /c: option tells findstr to search for the literal string "Loaded Configuration File".
Output:
Like the grep version, it shows the line with the path to the loaded php.ini file, for example:
Loaded Configuration File => C:\php\php.ini

Purpose of the Commands
Both commands filter the extensive output of php -i to show only the line that specifies the loaded PHP configuration file (php.ini).
This is useful for:
Checking which configuration file PHP is using.
Troubleshooting issues related to PHP settings.
Verifying the environment setup.
Why Two Versions?
The difference between the commands lies in the operating system they are designed for:
grep is a Unix-like tool, so php -i | grep "Loaded Configuration File" is used on Linux or macOS.
findstr is a Windows tool, so php -i | findstr /c:"Loaded Configuration File" is used on Windows.
They achieve the same result but use tools native to their respective operating systems.

Example Usage
On Linux/macOS:
php -i | grep "Loaded Configuration File"
Output:
Loaded Configuration File => /etc/php/8.3/cli/php.ini
On Windows:
php -i | findstr /c:"Loaded Configuration File"
Output:
Loaded Configuration File => C:\php\php.ini
Conclusion
The commands php -i | grep "Loaded Configuration File" and php -i | findstr /c:"Loaded Configuration File" are two ways to find the location of the php.ini file loaded by PHP. Use the grep version on Unix-like systems (Linux/macOS) and the findstr version on Windows. They both make it quick and easy to pinpoint the active configuration file from PHP’s detailed output.

What is Quantum Computing?

2025-03-17T10:04:00.000-07:00

In definition, Quantum Computing are the computer or machines that use the properties of quantum physics to store data and performs computation, by using it will very benefit for certain task where they could vastly outperform to computer or even the best supercomputers.

Normal computer is encoded information in binary, or we called "Bits" that can be either 0 or 1, but in quantum computer, is using quantum bit instead of binary, or we called as "qubit".

Qubits are made use physical system for example spin of an electron or the orientation of a photon. These systems can be in many different arrangements all at once, a property known as quantum superposition.

Besides, qubits can be inextricably linked together using a phenomenon called quantum entanglement.

However, quantum computing is still in its early stages. Challenges like keeping qubits stable (avoiding decoherence) and reducing errors are significant hurdles. While companies like IBM and Google are making progress, practical, large-scale quantum computers are likely years away.

An unexpected aspect is that quantum computing could impact cryptography significantly, with the potential to break widely used encryption methods like RSA, prompting research into quantum-resistant algorithms, as noted by McKinsey.

How to Create and upload Python package to pypi

2025-03-17T09:59:00.000-07:00

First, create a python project. I assume that you all are already familiar with python and python environment creation so I not gonna talk about it. This post is using a real project (simple) as the demo with PyCharm IDE.

After creating the project in the project file list there create a file name "setup.cfg" (extension is cfg).

The content is like below.

[metadata]
name = geometric-open-street-map-api
version = 0.0.1
author = kyorilys
author_email = kyorilys_256@live.com
description = Geometric Open Street Map to get latitude and longitude and distance between two point and route optimizations
long_description = file: README.md
long_description_content_type = text/markdown
url = https://github.com/kyorilys/GeometricApi
project_urls =
    Bug Tracker = https://github.com/kyorilys/GeometricApi/issues
classifiers =
    Programming Language :: Python :: 3
    License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
    Operating System :: OS Independent

[options]
package_dir =
    = src
packages = find:
python_requires = >=3.6

[options.packages.find]
where = src

As you can see:

1st parameter is the name, this is the name that you will use on the pip.

2nd is the version number quite significant also seems that it can't update to PyPI if the version is the same.

3rd is the author's name ... (sounds like didn't explain)

4th email =|

5th is the description that will show the picture below.

6th is the long description which will get it from the README.md file.

7th is the format of the long description. not sure got what other type. but here is using markdown.

8th is the URL ... .....

9th is the project URLs.........

10th is the classifiers.

and lastly "where" is needed to the PyPI where to find the packages.

After that create a file called README.md can be another name but normally we call this, with the content as below.

# GEOMETRIC API 
Python Geometric Place latitude and longitude

Currently, only will have one function which are convert address to lat lng


You just need call the function as the following:

    TEMPORARY EMPTY

The next step is to add pyproject.toml

[build-system]
requires = ["setuptools", "wheel"]
build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"

After this you can build and upload the package to PyPI

1) install the require build tools:

pip install build twine

2) Build the package:

python -m build

3) Upload the package to PyPI

twine upload dist/*

Lastly you can install and test the package locally.

pip install geometric-open-street-map-api

from geometric_api.geolocation import GeometricAPI

latlng = GeometricAPI.address_to_latlng("1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA")

print(f"Latitude, Longitude: {latlng}")

Now, your package is live on PyPI and ready to be used!

Bootsrap-select for Bootrap 5

2023-02-17T00:08:00.003-08:00

Bootstrap-select for Bootstrap 5 (At least it work at Feb 2023)

Due to the recent update from bootstrap 4 to bootstrap 5 , it cause the boostrap-select not working.

Any due to change from cdn to webpack pre-compiled

So the fix is using webpack .. I think.

First update the package json to use beta version.

"bootstrap-select": "snapappointments/bootstrap-select#v1.14-dev"

Second at the main compile script add the following:

const bootstrap = window.bootstrap = require('bootstrap');
require('bootstrap-select/js/bootstrap-select');

then compiled.( do Remember remove the existing bootstrap import else the compiles will failed.

Retrieve password from Jetbrain IDE (Datagrip) Windows OS only

2022-07-23T21:46:00.000-07:00

If you are using the IDE from JetBrains like PyCharm, DataGrip, WebStorm but you forgot the password you still able to retrieve back by using the KeePass. The Jetbrain is using the keepass to store the password.

I will skip the download and install step of KeePass and direct go to the important part.

First Open the IDE according to the password you want to retrieve, then click File menu -> Settings. Search for password. If radio button selected is the “Do not save, forgot password after restart” then you may leave now as there is no password saved.

Input the password you want which will use it later.

After you set the password, then you can navigate to the path show at the Database label file path.

Then you open the file c.kdbx at the path as mentioned above.

Check the master password and input the password you set just now.

Then the list of passwords saved entry is show below.

Then you could just right click the entry and

New dialog box will show, then you just need to click the 3 dot beside the password. then the password will show.

if the username is can't differentiate, then you have to try one by one.

Ok done, bye.

VueJs way to implement debounce click

2021-08-28T02:33:00.004-07:00

Well, I assume that you don't need me to explain what is debounce or something like this. And assume you using the lodash library. If you are looking for an explanation then this article is not for you.

I found that could have multiple ways to implemented this . Each method has pros and cons, but I don't know which one has the best performance.👻

Vuejs is good, but it still lacks customize features like modifiers. I cannot found any example of a custom modifier for the @click, it only has the once/prevent/passive, etc..... I would like a modifier to prevent it from executing multiple times of clicking.

After study about the debouncing, there are multiple ways. All using lodash as

1) Directly put before the function in front of the function like the example below.

methods: {
clickHandler: _.debounce(function(e) { // implementation of the function }, 400)
}

2) Put in Directive, after many testing it finally work and have some limitations.

const debounce = {
bind (el, binding, vnode) {
el.debounceMethod = _.debounce(binding.value, 800)
el.addEventListener(binding.arg, el.debounceMethod)
},
unbind (el, binding) {
el.removeEventListener(binding.arg, el.debounceMethod)
}
}

First put the first section into the directive.js,

then you can put following code it in the vue main.js file

Vue.directive('debounce', directiveMethod.debounce)

then it will become the global in the app you could just use the following method like the below.

<button v-debounce:click="testing" >testing</button>

Hope can help you all thanks.

The resource DLL can not be loaded

2019-03-13T01:26:00.000-07:00

When starting the Microsoft word (2016), the loading screen will hang in Processing...

There will be a pop up with text "The resouce dll can not be loaded!"

if you are able to enter the Microsoft word, then you could just proceed by clicking any document and the following step:

Go to File > Options > Add-In.
At the very bottom of the settings page, there's a dropdown menu. Select "COM Add-ins".
Press Go... button.
Find any Add-ins that were enabled, and untick the checkmarks next to them.
Go to File > Options > Add-In.
At the very bottom of the settings page, there's a dropdown menu. Select "COM Add-ins".
Press Go... button.
Find any Add-ins that were enabled, and untick the checkmarks next to them.

If you cannot open the application then you should follow the step below :

Windows Key + R.
Type "winword /safe".
Press Enter.
Check and make sure no error dialog appears.
Go to File > Options > Add-In.
At the very bottom of the settings page, there's a dropdown menu. Select "COM Add-ins".
Press Go... button.
Find any Add-ins that were enabled, and untick the checkmarks next to them.
Press OK.
Close Word 2016.
Reopen Word 2016 normally.
Verify if the error popup did not show up.

Oneplus 5T Flashing from Hydrogen OS to Oxygen OS

2017-12-23T09:02:00.002-08:00

How to Convert Hydrogen OS to Oxygen OS in One plus 5T

I just bought One Plus 5T, Is very easy but it will be hard if you did the wrong thing (that me ).

I have done many mistakes from converting the Hydrogen os to Oxygen os. But I try to let you all avoid the mistake I have done.

Ok, First download the Oxygen OS from the official website.

(link: http://downloads.oneplus.net/devices/oneplus-5t/)

(VERY VERY Important)

After finishing download from the website. Open the PowerShell.

(Win + R => Type in "Powershell" => Enter)

Then try to locate the zip that you have just download.

then type in the following in the PowerShell.

Get-FileHash <filepath> -Algorithm MD5

(Replace the <filepath> with the file path of the zip you just download.

Wait the result come out. The value must same as the value of md5 hash show on the website. If not same then redownload the rom.

Then you need to create a hash file and name it as the name of the file "<filename>.md5"

Example:"oneplus5trom.zip.md5"

Inside the file put in the MD5 hash and also the filename like below":

Example: "c957c918beb5c75ffef0f80e3eb430a0 oneplus5rom.zip.md5"

Then the next step would connect your phone to the pc.

(Copy from somewhere)
1. Place it both the zip and the md5 file in the root folder.

2. Navigate to Settings > System Updates > Settings Icon > Local Upgrade & Select the OTA File

3. Once selected system would prompt upgrade now

4. Select upgrade now and system would reboot in stock recovery and flash the OTA

5. The installer would itself flash the OTA and reboot the device.

The Device will reboot and your OnePlus 5T is now running on the OxygenOS .

PS: The first boot may take some time so keep calm and wait for it to boot.
* After flash is successful go back to recovery and a wipe of cache is recommended.

Any question can comment below. I will try to answer it .

Disable Shutdown button

2017-05-25T22:25:00.000-07:00

I accidentally shut down the remote server, so I was looking for a way to disable the remote user to shutdown.

There is a method to prevent the user to shutdown according to user and access but I do not recommend it.

Below is the method to disable shutdown:

1) (Win+ R) Run "gpedit.msc"

2) go to User configuration => Administrator template -> Start Menu and Taskbar

3) Find "Remove and Prevent access to shutdown, Restart ...." and double click

4) You will see the setting is not configure

5) all you need to do is click enable and apply. Done

That simple. you should not able to see shutdown and restart. However, you can do it with command prompt or set the setting back to not configure.

PS: shutdown -s now

Feel free to leave a comment below if you have a better solution! Thank you ~~

Content Security Policy CSP

2017-03-19T06:57:00.000-07:00

What is Content Security Policy?

Content Security Policy is internet security standard to prevent the known attack like Cross-site scripting XSS, click hijacking and code injection. For example like, if your visiting website is http://www.example.com then you only able to access the data come from http://www.example.com, others URL or script and CDN like http://google.com/jquery.js also will be blocked.

Beside that, it also contain some inline script <button onclick="testing()">Click Me!</button> will also be blocked. unless you do some configuration on the header.

In short, it will do the following:
1) Whitelist to tell the client (Normally is Browser) what's allowed and what is not allowed.
2) Learn what directives are available
3) Learn the keywords they take
4) Inline code and eval () are considered harmful
5) Report Policy violations to your server before enforcing them.

How to implement Content Security Policy (CSP)?

<system.webServer>
  <httpProtocol>
    <customHeaders>
      <add name="Content-Security-Policy" value="default-src 'self';" />
    </customHeaders>
  </httpProtocol> 
</system.webServer>

Above is the method to do the CSP on IIS, you need to add the following to the Web.config, this will cause the website only allows the source which is self. (In another world mean the website itself.)

Besides the value default-src, there are various more directives references.

base-uri restricts the URLs that can appear in a page's <base> element.
child-src lists the URLs for workers and embedded frame contents. For example: child-src https://youtube.com would enable embedding videos from YouTube but not from other origins. Use this in place of the deprecated directiveframe-src.
connect-src limits the origins that you can connect to (via XHR, WebSockets, and EventSource).
font-src specifies the origins that can serve web fonts. Google's web fonts could be enabled via font-src https://themes.googleusercontent.com.
form-action lists valid endpoints for submission from <form> tags.
frame-ancestors specifies the sources that can embed the current page. This directive applies to <frame>, <iframe>, <embed>, and <applet> tags. This directive can't be used in <meta> tags and applies only to non-HTML resources.
frame-src deprecated. Use child-src instead.
img-src defines the origins from which images can be loaded.
media-src restricts the origins allowed to deliver video and audio.
object-src allows control over Flash and other plugins.
plugin-types limits the kinds of plugins a page may invoke.
report-uri specifies a URL where a browser will send reports when a content security policy is violated. This directive can't be used in <meta> tags.
style-src is script-src's counterpart for stylesheets.
upgrade-insecure-requests instructs user agents to rewrite URL schemes, changing HTTP to HTTPS. This directive is for websites with large numbers of old URL's that need to be rewritten.

Step to Configure Php and Apache at windows

2017-01-15T03:43:00.000-08:00

Configure PHP and Apache windows 10

This configuration guide is using Php 5.6 and Apache 2.4 for 32 bit on windows 10x64.
I do this installation because of Laravel PHP framework but this guide won't touch about the Laravel.

There some binaries that you might need to take care but I not gonna touch that at here either. If any question you can leave your comment below.

1) DOWNLOAD AND INSTALL APACHE

First, you will need to download apache, and I gonna use Apache Haus as an example.
However, you can use others options here.

after you finish download then extract it. After that go to httpd-2.4.25-x86-vc14\Apache24\conf
and open the httpd.conf . (Assume you an expert ... else go leave here and download XAMPP or Easyphp)

Then find "Server root"

Define SRVROOT "D:\Program\httpd-2.4.25-x86-vc14\Apache24"
ServerRoot "${SRVROOT}"

Replace the "D:\Program\httpd-2.4.25-x86-vc14\Apache24"
to your director of the apache, you have download and extract.

After that, Find "listen" and change the "listen 80" to "listen 8080" or any others port you want.

Then next step is the "serverName". Change the server name to the port you have edit on the listen.

then open cmd and navigate to the directory bin

httpd -k start
httpd -k install

You go to browser and type in http://localhost:8080 or use the port you using at the listen and servername.

Done for the apache part temporary.

2) Download and install PHP5

First of cause is download php5 .
Choose the thread safe

Extract it.
Add it to the System environment.

Control panel -> System and security -> System
at the left-hand side click "Advance System Settings" then go to Advanced tab and click the environment Variables

Create a new variable call "PHP_HOME". ( Replace the variable value with your PHP directory)

Then Put the php_home to your path.

Now go to the PHP dir and locate "php5apache2_4.dll" .
Now go back to the Apache24 directory, go to conf folder and edit the httpd.conf

Add the following at the end of the httpd.conf file

AddHandler application/x-httpd-php .php
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .html
LoadModule php5_module "D:\Program\PHP\php5apache2_4.dll"
PHPIniDir "D:\Program\PHP"

Remember replace the "D:\Program\PHP\php5apache2_4.dll" with the path of the php5apache2_4.dll

then open the cmd and type httpd -k restart

If don't have any error then is completed. Feel free to leave a comment if got problems or any correction. Thank for reading ~~~

Method to Convert from Stream to Json C#

2016-10-30T02:26:00.003-07:00

Recently I was using the C# HttpClient to make REST request but I found that is was quite troublesome so I have changed to using HttpWebRequest instead.

So want the HttpWebRequest result is return it was in Stream form. I not able to convert it into Json.

this is the method i convert the stream to JSON.

HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)requirejs.GetResponse();
Stream stream = response.GetResponseStream(); 
StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(stream);

var serializer = new System.Web.Script.Serialization.JavaScriptSerializer();
var jsonObject = serializer.DeserializeObject(sr.ReadToEnd());

As you can see that jsonObject is an object. Now you can parse it into the Json(JsonObject);

If you have any question can leave a comment below.

IIS Setup let text file without extension

2016-07-06T07:01:00.002-07:00

Enable go to the URL of the text file without extension

Last week I was trying to install the SSL certificate using Let's Encrypt open source SSL.
Using the ZeroSSL.

Inside the progress, there is one part require the user to verify the website is own by the users. To get to verify, it needs the specific link with specific content.

So in order to create the link follow the step below:

1) Create a virtual directory in IIS (Assume you know how to do it) =|
2) Setup the web config on the virtual directory by pasting the config into webconfig.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<system.webServer>

</staticContent>

</system.webServer>

</configuration>

3) Done.
4) Not yet, you still need to create file and paste the content inside, Remember remove the extension ".txt"
5) Voila , go the link and test it.

Feel free to comment below if you have better solution. I will edit this post to serve more better people who don't know how to do it. Thanks for reading =D.

How to Write to NTFS Drives on a Mac for free

2016-03-25T07:45:00.000-07:00

Free method but need Extra work

1) Download Osxfuse. (Better choose latest version and with dmg Eg,osxfuse-3.2.0.dmg ) Install it.

2) Then Download Homebrew. or copy the the highlighter link and paste it at terminal
/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

3)then paste xcode-select –install if pop up the itunes alert box then download it, else just continute next step.

4) brew install homebrew/fuse/ntfs-3g wait it download finish and installed.

IMPORTANT
5) Start from this step, you need to do it with care. First you need to reboot your mac and hold Command+R

6) Then wait the loading bar to finish will bring you to another Mac utilities screen. Here you need to find the terminal on the top menu bar. Launch it.

7) type in csrutil disable . (PS: this is to disable the configuration by the macbook to do modification on the system so need to enable it back) .

8) Exit terminal and reboot. After that open terminal and paste the highlighter command 1 by 1.

sudo mv /sbin/mount_ntfs /sbin/mount_ntfs.original

sudo ln -s /usr/local/sbin/mount_ntfs /sbin/mount_ntfs

9) Reboot again and reboot your mac and hold Command+R

10) open terminal and type in csrutil enable .

11) close it then is done. Simple . =| meh

IF WANT TO REVERSE it , then just enable the csrutil and then reboot then type in

sudo rm /sbin/mount_ntfs

sudo mv /sbin/mount_ntfs.original /sbin/mount_ntfs

brew uninstall ntfs-3g

then reboot and enable csrutil. then is done.

OR JUST BUY PARAGON NTFS for Mac AND INSTALL IT.

Add NTFS for MAC to Cart Now

Backup and restore activation for Windows Microsoft Office Pro Plus 2016

2016-02-18T05:45:00.000-08:00

When the Microsoft introduce the product activation in Office , user are need to backup the activation so that you can restore it later. This is because you need to format your disk drive and reinstall windows and office again on the same machine/hardware.

It is not easy to do the backup manually, moreover Microsoft add some security function to the licensing and activation technology recently to thwart piracy. So let us show you how to backup your office Activation. This is perfectly Legal as long as you have a valid activated license from me.

Microsoft only allows online/internet-based activation of the office wihtin a certain time period. So you will have to backup your license key for future reinstallation purposes.

There is a free,third party app called OPA-Backup which lets you easily backup the activation of Microsoft Office and Windows 8 edition and restore it . It is legit and clean way to restore your acitvation. You can download it here.

===>OPA-Backup Download<===

How to Backup?

Just open it after download and extracted/moved the OPABackup files to your new folder or desktop.
After Open it, Choose your software, if your software is Office 2013, then choose "Microsoft Office 2013", if you have windows 8/8.1 Pro. (Choose the same options too, if your edition is office 2016, it works well for office 2016 too).
Then Choose "Make a Backup" same as the picture below and the click "Next".
Then Choose your path to save wherever you want, just remember which folder you have saved and click "Yes" at the next Pop up Message.
Done the backup. Simple and Easy! :)

Restore after re installation or Reformat!

You must not satart any office application before you restore. The sequence must be :

Install Windows -> install Office -> Restore Activation -> Restart windows -> Start office program for the first time after the clean install .

Before restoring the backup, it is recommended that you disable your internet access to prevent an automatically online activation.

Open the software again and click "Next"
Choose "Restore a backup" and click "Next"
Choose the path/folder you have saved your back up last time!
Select your backup file.
Restored, that all. After restart , open your office 2013 again to complete the restoration!

*IMPORTANT NOTE********

As long as you have installed the same edition of office, with the same product key, on the same edition of windows, it can restore the activation. You need to format your disk drive and reinstall windows and office again on the same hardware.

Backing up the activation from an edition of Office on windows 7 and restoring that same backup on windows 8 is not supported, even if the version and edition of the office is the same.

When you reformat or reinstall , you must use the same win 8 Pro and Office 2013 pro plus. Downloaded Software to complete the restoration!

It supports Office 2016, Office 2013, Office 2010, Office 2007, Office 2003 and Office XP as of this writing. The program requires at least .NET Framework 3.0.

How to Check Licensing of Windows 7/8/8.1/10

2016-01-23T17:44:00.000-08:00

How to check the licensing of Windows?

This guide can be use for Windows 7, 8,8.2 and 10. Not sure about windows XP because I din't tried.
After you tried maybe can leave comment to tell us whether it work or not.

Basically , windows license got 3 type of licenses:

Full Packaged Product (Retail)
Reinstalled on PC (OEM)
Volume Licensing

There are available 1 more licensing for windows 10 , which are Windows 10 Pro upgrade licensing which allow to upgrade all the windows 7/8/8.1 to windows 10 Pro.

Step To Check Licensing:

Press Windows key + R.
Then key in "slmgr.vbs /dlv"
Then a dialog will show up to show you which kind of license you have. Retail/OEM / Volume Licensing.

Overclocking Non-K intel Skylake CPUs i3 6320

2015-12-27T06:20:00.000-08:00

The news that the overclocker called DHENJHEN discovered that Intel core I3-6320 could be overclock using H170 main board about 5Ghz. He found that overclocking limit was only caused by the BIOS itself. There was no special hardmod needed to overclock the core I3 6320 with base clock of 3.9 GHz.

Below is the information for the Skylake architecture.

K- CPUs can be overclocked using the multiplier , non-k CPUs have to be overclocked using the BLCK.

You can see the information at the http://hwbot.org/submission/3055320_.

[Laravel] Decode Html entites in blade laravel

2015-12-25T06:29:00.001-08:00

In Laravel 5 blade , I want the html link effect but the return result is in html entities format. I take lot of time to google the way to convert the html entites to normal html tags.

like the picture above, the result would be like <a href="http://example.com/user/1">test</a>

but not like test .

I try using php method which is

but it not working.

Ok ,I lazy type so I just cut the crap . See example below to convert the html entities to normal tags in html.

from

to

{!!"<a href=\"aaaaa\">testing</a>"!!}

from to

{{}} -> {!! !!}

By the way it was called displaying Unescaped data.

May be got many Grammar error . =| Feel free to comment my grammar so that I can correct it accordingly. If got others simple method to decode the html entities feel free to comment below too. Thank you for reading.

Convert Roman Numeral to number in C#

2015-10-17T11:33:00.002-07:00

Roman numeral to number in c#

public static int pairConversion(int dec, int lastNum, int lastDec)

{

if (lastNum > dec)

return lastDec - dec;

else return lastDec + dec;

}

public static int ConvertRomanNumtoInt(string strRomanValue)

{

var dec = 0;

var lastNum = 0;

foreach (var c in strRomanValue.Reverse())

{

switch (c)

{

case 'I':

dec = pairConversion(1, lastNum, dec);

lastNum = 1;

break;

case 'V':

dec=pairConversion(5,lastNum, dec);

lastNum = 5;

break;

case 'X':

dec = pairConversion(10, lastNum, dec);

lastNum = 10;

break;

case 'L':

dec = pairConversion(50, lastNum, dec);

lastNum = 50;

break;

case 'C':

dec = pairConversion(100, lastNum, dec);

lastNum = 100;

break;

case 'D':

dec = pairConversion(500, lastNum, dec);

lastNum = 500;

break;

case 'M':

dec = pairConversion(1000, lastNum, dec);

lastNum = 1000;

break;

}

return dec;

}

If you have better solution, can leave it on comment =D thank you.

Tomcat Debug Cannot Startup

2015-09-06T07:57:00.000-07:00

Today I download the Windows binary version of the Apache Tomcat , after I follow the guide to install the tomcat , when I using the command line startup.bat the tomcat, a command prompt out then close automatically.

while the command prompt only show this.

Another command prompt is come out but exit automatically and the Apache tomcat Server is not start which test it using the browser key in localhost:8080, but turns out is connection timeout. I look through the startup.bat and found that it call catalina.bat with no arguments. The catalina.bat is too long , very lazy to look at it. I try to google it the way to stop the pop up command prompt close.

Ok , no more story straight to the solution:

1) Type in "catalina.bat run" at the bin directory of your apache tomcat folder.(or in baby step type in "C:\tomcat\bin\catalina.bat run" replace the tomcat with the name of your Apache directory)

2) Then it come out the logs
cannot create logs
org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.initClassLoaders Class loader creation threw exception
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: The double quote ["] character only be used
to quote paths. It must not appear in a path. This loader path is not valid: ["
C:\apache-tomcat-8.0.26" -Dcatalina.home=C:\apache-tomcat-8.0.26"/lib","C:\apach
e-tomcat-8.0.26" -Dcatalina.home=C:\apache-tomcat-8.0.26"/lib/*.jar","C:\tomcat/
lib","C:\tomcat/lib/*.jar"]
blah blah blah. or u want watch it ... http://goo.gl/jY3MRT
3) If your problems is not same as mine , then you are free to go. bye.
4) Type in "systempropertiesadvanced" at cmd after a dialog come out click enviroment.

5) Then find your catalina_home at system properties. Double click it.

6) remove the god damn "\"

7) Type in "startup" again . now you should can start your tomcat server.

Thank you. =D (PS: Remember don't kill your cat, use shutdown.)

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

2015-07-10T23:58:00.001-07:00

Spanning tree protocol is a network protocol that is used to ensure a loop-free topology. The basic function of the STP is to select which port will be use if there are occurs in redundant link which act as backup if the active link fails.The inventor of the STP is called Radia Perman, which is a software designer and network engineer,

How the STP works?

Root Bridge(bridge and switch is same thing) --> switch with the lowest mac address become root bridge,if and only if the priority is same
Elect Root Port (RP) --> root port is port on the non root bridge pointing back to root bridge depend on speed (higher speed == lower cost) and port id (lowest port id win)
Elect Designated Port (DP) --> port at root bridge pointing toward non root bridge
Elect Non-designated Port (NDP) --> port on non-root bridge pointing towards root bridge that is block automatic become standard port

The switch will sent Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDU) to nearby switch (default sent every 2 sec). Inside the BPDU contain Bridge id (Bridge priority,mac address) and the default priority value is 32768 (the lower the priority value the higher the priority) which 32768 can decrease 4096 each time decrease the priority value.

What happen when the active link down?

If the link is lost connection,
the switch will wait for 20 second which wait 10 BPDU packet (Blocking State) from the root bridge
then only will start listen, open the Non-Designated Port and become Root Port (Listening State)
then only start learning which receive the BDPU (Learning State)
then only start forwarding. Total time to change another link to become active is around 15 Sec, but currently got new standard called Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP), if implement RSTP when the time would minus till 2 sec. The method is using the table of the STP that got pre-elect NDP to become ALT link/port. If the latest cisco router , there are almost no request time out happen.

/****Configuration parameters and testing***/
1) Turn on RSTP on switch s1,s2,s3,s4 with the following command.
spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst

2) Verify the RSTP is running in switch s1,s2,s3,s4
show spanning-tree

3) For each site, configure s1 and s3 as root bridge for LAN

s1 -> spanning-tree vlan 1,100,101,102,103,104 root primary
s3 -> spanning-tree vlan 1,200,201,202,203,204 root primary

4) Repeat step 2 on s1 and s3 to verify root bridge placement

5) Test RSTP link redundancy function
show spanning-tree

Agent Architectures

2015-07-10T23:02:00.000-07:00

An agent is a computer system that capable of flexible autonomous action. While Agent architecture is the model for software agents and intelligent control system. Basically there are 3 type of architecture which are:

Symbolic/logical (Proactive)
Reactive
Hybrid

Symbolic Architecuture

Symbolic Reasoning Agent

At the beginning, all the agents is designed were symbolic reasoning agents. It is the expressions that can propose to the agents to use the expression logical reasoning to decide what to do.

To build an agent, there are exist a classical approach which is to view the system as a particular type of knowledge-based system.

This paradigm we called as symbolic AI, it contain the intelligent behavior can be generated in a system by giving that system a Symbolic representation of its :

Environment
Desired behavior
Syntactically manipulating this representation

Symbolic is an architecture that :

contains explicitly represented, symbolic model of world
make decision via symbolic reasoning.

Keys Problems of Symbolic

The transduction problem which is to translate the real world into an accurate adequate symbolic description, in time for that description to be useful (Vision,speech,understanding,learning)
The representation/reasoning problems which is how to symbolically represent information about complex real-world entities and processes, and how to get angents to reason with this information in time for the result to be useful (Knowledge representation, automated reasoning, automatic planning)
Most of the search-based symbol manipulation algorithm of interest are highly intractable (Hard to control).

Deductive Reasoning Agent

Due to the problems of symbolic reasoning agent, a new method is use to build agent. The basic idea of deductive reasoning agent is to use logic to encode a theory stating the best action to perform in any given situation.

For example:

ρ be this theory (typically a set of rules)

Δ be logical database that describes the current state of the world.

Ac be the set of action the agent can perform

Δ ρϕ mean that ϕ can be proved from Δ using ρ.

/* try to find an action explicitly prescribed: best action to perform */

for each a ∈ Ac do
if Δρ Do (a) then
return a
end if
end-for
/*try to find an action not excluded: find an action that is consistent*/
/*with the rules and database*/

for each a ∈ Ac do
if Δρ ¬ Do(a) then
return a
end-if
end-for
return null /*no action found*/

The above algorithms explains the agent's behavior is determined by the agent's deduction rules (its programs) and its current database (representing the information the agent has about its environment.)

From the algorithm above, the for each a ∈ Ac do , mean that the agent will keep loop the possible action inside the action list or array if the theory of the achieve the goals would achieve if do the following action, then it will return the action a, then the action will be done to achieve the goals,

Problems of Deductive Reasoning Agent

It was hard to convert the video camera to the real environment attribute, For example if the camera saw a dirt at floor, how the video camera convert the dirt to the value that reasonable to the agent.
Decision making assume a static environment: calculative rationality.
Decision making using first-order logic is undecidable.

Typical solution:

weaken the logic
use symbolic,non-logical representation
shift the emphasis of reasoning from run time to design time.

Black and white Computer

Layered (N-Tier) Architecture

The Four Standard Layers Explained

1. Presentation Layer (Top)

2. Business Logic Layer (Application Layer)

3. Data Access Layer (Persistence Layer)

4. Database Layer

Key Principles

Real-World Example: An E-Commerce Checkout

Advantages

Disadvantages

When to Use It

Check Microsoft Office 2016 Product key

Step 1: Open Notepad

Step 2: Save the Script

Step 3: Run the Script

Alternative: Check via Command Prompt

Sql Server check Relations between table

Find PHP ini file

What is Quantum Computing?

How to Create and upload Python package to pypi

Bootsrap-select for Bootrap 5

Bootstrap-select for Bootstrap 5 (At least it work at Feb 2023)

Retrieve password from Jetbrain IDE (Datagrip) Windows OS only

VueJs way to implement debounce click

The resource DLL can not be loaded

Oneplus 5T Flashing from Hydrogen OS to Oxygen OS

How to Convert Hydrogen OS to Oxygen OS in One plus 5T

Disable Shutdown button

Content Security Policy CSP

What is Content Security Policy?

How to implement Content Security Policy (CSP)?

Step to Configure Php and Apache at windows

Configure PHP and Apache windows 10

1) DOWNLOAD AND INSTALL APACHE

2) Download and install PHP5

Method to Convert from Stream to Json C#

IIS Setup let text file without extension

Enable go to the URL of the text file without extension

How to Write to NTFS Drives on a Mac for free

IF WANT TO REVERSE it , then just enable the csrutil and then reboot then type in

Backup and restore activation for Windows Microsoft Office Pro Plus 2016

How to Backup?

Restore after re installation or Reformat!

*******IMPORTANT NOTE**************

How to Check Licensing of Windows 7/8/8.1/10

Overclocking Non-K intel Skylake CPUs i3 6320

[Laravel] Decode Html entites in blade laravel

from

to

Convert Roman Numeral to number in C#

Tomcat Debug Cannot Startup

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

How the STP works?

What happen when the active link down?

Agent Architectures

Symbolic Architecuture

*IMPORTANT NOTE********