<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3477762715927407525</id><updated>2024-09-05T14:54:12.539-07:00</updated><title type='text'>hashim</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mdhashim123.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3477762715927407525/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mdhashim123.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01935836744369267869</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>17</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3477762715927407525.post-3331039774248899171</id><published>2012-07-17T22:01:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-07-17T22:01:10.084-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Namaz ve Kuran Sheikh Mishari Rashid al Afasy</title><content type='html'>&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&quot;&quot; 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تفوح روائح الريحان &quot; مشاري العفاسي - &quot;Yad Ebdaa&quot;</title><content type='html'>&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&quot;&quot; frameborder=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;270&quot; src=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/embed/2h6aOtprKp8?fs=1&quot; width=&quot;480&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mdhashim123.blogspot.com/feeds/6095956319488678965/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://mdhashim123.blogspot.com/2012/07/yad-ebdaa_11.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3477762715927407525/posts/default/6095956319488678965'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3477762715927407525/posts/default/6095956319488678965'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mdhashim123.blogspot.com/2012/07/yad-ebdaa_11.html' title='يد الإبداع &quot; تفوح روائح الريحان &quot; مشاري العفاسي - &quot;Yad Ebdaa&quot;'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01935836744369267869</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://img.youtube.com/vi/2h6aOtprKp8/default.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3477762715927407525.post-3709956415576760975</id><published>2012-07-11T05:12:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-07-11T05:12:20.260-07:00</updated><title type='text'>يد الإبداع &quot; تفوح روائح الريحان &quot; مشاري العفاسي - &quot;Yad Ebdaa&quot;</title><content type='html'>&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&quot;&quot; frameborder=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;270&quot; src=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/embed/2h6aOtprKp8?fs=1&quot; width=&quot;480&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mdhashim123.blogspot.com/feeds/3709956415576760975/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://mdhashim123.blogspot.com/2012/07/yad-ebdaa.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3477762715927407525/posts/default/3709956415576760975'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3477762715927407525/posts/default/3709956415576760975'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mdhashim123.blogspot.com/2012/07/yad-ebdaa.html' title='يد الإبداع &quot; تفوح روائح الريحان &quot; مشاري العفاسي - &quot;Yad Ebdaa&quot;'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01935836744369267869</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://img.youtube.com/vi/2h6aOtprKp8/default.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3477762715927407525.post-7087485713622583727</id><published>2012-06-10T22:10:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2012-06-10T22:10:16.279-07:00</updated><title type='text'>central obc list</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
for latest central obc list&amp;nbsp; GAZETTE AND RESOLUTIONS&amp;nbsp; ALL STATES OBC LIST&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; just CLICK &lt;a href=&quot;http://centralobclist.blogspot.com/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;centralobclist.blogspot.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mdhashim123.blogspot.com/feeds/7087485713622583727/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://mdhashim123.blogspot.com/2012/06/central-obc-list_10.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3477762715927407525/posts/default/7087485713622583727'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3477762715927407525/posts/default/7087485713622583727'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mdhashim123.blogspot.com/2012/06/central-obc-list_10.html' title='central obc list'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01935836744369267869</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3477762715927407525.post-8185630136878519886</id><published>2012-06-10T21:47:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-06-10T21:47:29.607-07:00</updated><title type='text'>central obc list</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
for latest obc list along GAZETTE AND RESOLUTIONS&amp;nbsp; STATE WISE OBC LISTS GO TO centralobclist.blogspot.com&amp;nbsp; or www.centralobclist.blogspot.com&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mdhashim123.blogspot.com/feeds/8185630136878519886/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://mdhashim123.blogspot.com/2012/06/central-obc-list.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3477762715927407525/posts/default/8185630136878519886'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3477762715927407525/posts/default/8185630136878519886'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mdhashim123.blogspot.com/2012/06/central-obc-list.html' title='central obc list'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01935836744369267869</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3477762715927407525.post-5266026067595141937</id><published>2010-02-27T22:13:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-02-27T22:14:14.467-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Hazrat Ibrahim Khalilullah(A.S.</title><content type='html'>Hazrat Ibrahim Khalilullah(A.S.) is accredited for raising the foundation of Holy Kaa&#39;ba - the first house made for mankind at Mecca. And remember Abraham and Isma&#39;il raised the foundations of the House (With this prayer): &quot;Our Lord! Accept (this service) from us: For Thou art the All-Hearing, the All-knowing. Holy Qur&#39;an (2:127)&lt;br /&gt;Hazrat Ibrahim Khalilullah(A.S.) and Hazrat Ismail Zabiullah(A.S.) constructed the house which has been a place of prayer for all times. There is a spot (Maqam-e-Ibrahim) near the Kaa&#39;ba where Hazrat Ibrahim(A.S.) stood while erecting the Holy house and where he offered his prayers. Hazrat Ibrahim(A.S.) further prayed:&lt;br /&gt;&quot;Our Lord! make of us Muslims, bowing to Thy (Will), and of our progeny a people Muslim, bowing to Thy (will); and show us our place for the celebration of (due) rites; and turn unto us (in Mercy); for Thou art the Oft-Returning, Most Merciful. Holy Qur&#39;an (2:128)&lt;br /&gt;The above mentioned verse throws light on the fact that there had always been &quot;true muslims&quot; in his progeny. Hazrat Ibrahim(A.S.) further prayed:&lt;br /&gt;&quot;Our Lord! send amongst them a Messenger of their own, who shall rehearse Thy Signs to them and instruct them in scripture and wisdom, and sanctify them: For Thou art the Exalted in Might, the Wise.&quot; Holy Qur&#39;an (2:129)&lt;br /&gt;After four thousand years, God granted Hazrat Ibrahim&#39;s prayer and raised our Holy Prophet Muhammed(S.A.W.) from amongst them, as a answer to his prayer. The same thing has been quoted in the Holy Qur&#39;an as follows:&lt;br /&gt;It is He Who has sent amongst the Unlettered a messenger from among themselves, to rehearse to them His Signs, to sanctify them, and to instruct them in Scripture and Wisdom, although they had been, before, in manifest error; Holy Qur&#39;an (62:2)&lt;br /&gt;In the lineage of our Prophet Muhammed(S.A.W.) all are &quot;true muslims&quot;. Hence from Adam(A.S.) to our Holy Prophet Muhammed(S.A.W.) all are &quot;true muslims&quot;.&lt;br /&gt;Allah did choose Adam and Noah, the family of Abraham, and the family of Imran above all people, Offspring, one of the other: And Allah heareth and knoweth all things. Holy Qur&#39;an (3:33-34)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Adam    &lt;br /&gt;Sheth    &lt;br /&gt;Enos    &lt;br /&gt;Cainan    &lt;br /&gt;Mahalaleed    &lt;br /&gt;Jared    &lt;br /&gt;Enoch / Idris    &lt;br /&gt;Methuselah    &lt;br /&gt;Lamech    &lt;br /&gt;Noah / Nuh    &lt;br /&gt;Shem    &lt;br /&gt;Arhhazed    &lt;br /&gt;Salih / Saleb    &lt;br /&gt;Eber    &lt;br /&gt;Pelag    &lt;br /&gt;Rem    &lt;br /&gt;Serag    &lt;br /&gt;Nahor    &lt;br /&gt;Tarukh    &lt;br /&gt;Abraham / Ibrahim    &lt;br /&gt;Ishmael / Ismail Brothers Isaac / Ishaq&lt;br /&gt;Sabat   Jacob / Israil / Yaqub&lt;br /&gt;Yashab   Lavi&lt;br /&gt;Ba&#39;rab   Qamat&lt;br /&gt;Nakor   Imran&lt;br /&gt;Adnan   Moses / Musa&lt;br /&gt;Madh    &lt;br /&gt;Nazar   Imran&lt;br /&gt;Is not in lineage of Moses/Musa&lt;br /&gt;Nasar   Mary/Maryam&lt;br /&gt;Virgin mother of Jesus Christ&lt;br /&gt;Elias / Iliyas   Jesus Christ / Isa&lt;br /&gt;Kanana    &lt;br /&gt;Nafar    &lt;br /&gt;Maleeh    &lt;br /&gt;Fahar    &lt;br /&gt;Ghalib    &lt;br /&gt;Looi    &lt;br /&gt;Kaab    &lt;br /&gt;Murra    &lt;br /&gt;Kalab    &lt;br /&gt;Qosai    &lt;br /&gt;Abde Munaf    &lt;br /&gt;Hashim    &lt;br /&gt;Abdul Muttalib    &lt;br /&gt;Abdullah Brothers Abu-Taleb&lt;br /&gt;Muhammad(S.A.W.)&lt;br /&gt;The Last Apostle of God   Ali son of Abu-Taleb&lt;br /&gt;Fathima(S.A.)&lt;br /&gt;The Lady of Light Married Ali(A.S.)&lt;br /&gt;The First Holy Imam&lt;br /&gt;Hussain(A.S.)&lt;br /&gt;The Third Holy Imam Brothers Hasan(A.S.)&lt;br /&gt;The Second Holy Imam&lt;br /&gt;Zainulabiden(A.S.)&lt;br /&gt;The Fourth Holy Imam    &lt;br /&gt;Al-Baquir(A.S.)&lt;br /&gt;The Fifth Holy Imam    &lt;br /&gt;Al-Jaffer(A.S.)&lt;br /&gt;The Sixth Holy Imam    &lt;br /&gt;Al-Kazim(A.S.)&lt;br /&gt;The Seventh Holy Imam    &lt;br /&gt;Al-Reza(A.S.)&lt;br /&gt;The Eight Holy Imam    &lt;br /&gt;Al-Taqi(A.S.)&lt;br /&gt;The Ninth Holy Imam    &lt;br /&gt;Al-Naqi(A.S.)&lt;br /&gt;The Tenth Holy Imam    &lt;br /&gt;Al-Askari(A.S.)&lt;br /&gt;The Eleventh Holy Imam    &lt;br /&gt;Al-Mahdi(A.S.)&lt;br /&gt;Last, Alive &amp; Awaited  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Every fifth person in the world is a Muslim?&lt;br /&gt;  Majority of the Muslims are of non-Arab race and nationalities?&lt;br /&gt;  There are 8 million Muslims in the U.S.A.?&lt;br /&gt;  Islam is the fastest growing religion in the U.S.A.?&lt;br /&gt;Isn&#39;t it time to familiarize yourself with Islam?</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mdhashim123.blogspot.com/feeds/5266026067595141937/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://mdhashim123.blogspot.com/2010/02/hazrat-ibrahim-khalilullahas.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3477762715927407525/posts/default/5266026067595141937'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3477762715927407525/posts/default/5266026067595141937'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mdhashim123.blogspot.com/2010/02/hazrat-ibrahim-khalilullahas.html' title='Hazrat Ibrahim Khalilullah(A.S.'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01935836744369267869</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3477762715927407525.post-351862582580284085</id><published>2010-02-27T22:11:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2010-02-27T22:11:39.644-08:00</updated><title type='text'>bc</title><content type='html'>Frontline, Volume 17 - Issue 18, Sep. 02 - 15, 2000&lt;br /&gt;The census of 1881 enumerated 1,929 castes. Of these 1,126 (58 per cent) had a population of less than 1,000; 556 (29 per cent) less than 100; and 275 (14 per cent) less than 10. There are a large number of single-member castes.  Brahmins, Kunbis and Chamars accounted for more than a crore (10 million) each. These three accounted for as many people as the bottom 1,848 (96 per cent) castes. However, the Brahmin population in Andhra Pradesh may be anywhere between 1.5 to 3% of the total population of Andhra Pradesh. Of these 1,929 castes, 1,432 (74 per cent) were found only in one locality (out of 17), e.g., most of the castes in Andhra Pradesh are localized.  Only two castes, Brahmins and the Rajputs, had an all-India presence. The pattern of localization also seemed to vary across space. For example, while the eastern and southern regions had high localization of the big caste groups, in the northern and western regions they were spatially spread. &lt;br /&gt;________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;The Backward Classes community in Andhra Pradesh consists of 92 castes and these castes are categorized into four groups as follows :     &lt;br /&gt;List of B.Cs and categorization&lt;br /&gt;(As per G.O.Ms.No. 1793 Education Dept., Dt : 23.9.1970 as modified from time to time). &lt;br /&gt;GROUP - &#39;A&#39;&lt;br /&gt;Aboriginal Tribes, Vimuktha Jathis, Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Tribes etc. &lt;br /&gt;1. Agrakula Kshatriya, Palli Vadabalija, Bestha, Jalati, Gangavar, Gangaputra, Goondla, Vanyakulakshatriya, (Vannekapu, Vanne reddi, Pallikapu, Pallireddi) Neyyala and Pattapu.&lt;br /&gt;2. Balasanthu, Bahurupi&lt;br /&gt;3. Bandara&lt;br /&gt;4. Budabukkala&lt;br /&gt;5. Rajaka (Chakali, Vannar) &lt;br /&gt;6. Dasari (Formerly engaged in Bhikshathana G.O.Ms. No.32 BCW (M1) Dept., dt. 23.2.1995)&lt;br /&gt;7. Dommara&lt;br /&gt;8. Gangiredlavaru&lt;br /&gt;9. Jangam whose traditional Occupation is begging.&lt;br /&gt;10. Jogi&lt;br /&gt;11. Katipapala&lt;br /&gt;12. Korcha&lt;br /&gt;*13. Lambada or Banjara in Telangana Area (Deleted and Included in the list of Scheduled Tribed G.O. Ms. No. 149, SW Dept., Dt 3.6.1978)&lt;br /&gt;14. Mondivaru, Mondibanda, Banda&lt;br /&gt;15. Nayi-Brahmin (Mangali, Mangala and Bhajanthri G.O. Ms. No. 1, BCW (M1) Dept., Dt 6.1.96)&lt;br /&gt;16. Nakkala&lt;br /&gt;17. Vamsharaj (Pitchigunta Deleted in G.O. Ms. No. 27, BCW (M1) Dept., Dt 23.6.95)&lt;br /&gt;18. Pamula&lt;br /&gt;19. Pardhi (Nirishikari)&lt;br /&gt;20. Pambala&lt;br /&gt;  21. Peddammavandlu, Devaravandlu, Yallammavandlu, Mutyalammavandlu&lt;br /&gt;22.  Veeramusthi (Nettikotala) Veerabhadreeya (G.O. Ms. No. 62, BCW (M) Dept. dt. 10.12.1996)&lt;br /&gt;23. Valmiki, Boya (Boya, Bedar, Kirataka, Nishadi, Yellapi Pedda Boya &amp; Chunduvallu G.O. Ms. No. 124, SW Dept., Dt 24.6.1985)&lt;br /&gt;  Yellapall (G.O. Ms. No. 61, BCW (M) Dept. dt. 5.12.1996)&lt;br /&gt;24. Yerukulas in Telangana Area (Deleted in G.O. Ms. No. 149, SW Dept., Dt 3.6.1978) &lt;br /&gt;*25. Gudala&lt;br /&gt;26. Kanjara - Bhatta&lt;br /&gt;27. Kalinga (Kinthala deleted in G.O. Ms. No. 53, SW Dept., Dt 7.3.1980)&lt;br /&gt;28. Kopmare or Reddika&lt;br /&gt;29. Mondipatta&lt;br /&gt;30. Nekkar&lt;br /&gt;31. Pariki Muggula&lt;br /&gt;32. Yata&lt;br /&gt;33. Chopemari&lt;br /&gt;34. Kaikadi&lt;br /&gt;35. Jo-shinadiwalas&lt;br /&gt;36. Odde (Oddilu, Vaddi, Vaddelu)&lt;br /&gt;37. Mandula (G.M.No. 40-VI/70-1, Edn dt. 10.2.72)&lt;br /&gt;38.  Mehtar (Muslim) G.M.No. 234 - VI/72-2, Edn dt.5.7.72)&lt;br /&gt;39. Kunapuli (G.M.No. 1279/PI/74-10, E&amp;SW., dt. 8.8.1975)&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;GROUP - &#39;B&#39;&lt;br /&gt;Vocational &lt;br /&gt;1. Achukatlavandlu&lt;br /&gt;2. Aryakshatriya, Chittari, Giniyar, Chirakara, Nakhas (Muchi (Telugu Speaking) Was deleted in G.O. Ms. No.31 BCW (M1) Dept., dt.11.6.96)&lt;br /&gt;3. Devanga&lt;br /&gt;4. Goud (Ediga, Gouda (Gamalla) Kalalce, Goundla, Settibalija of Visakhapatnam, East Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna Districs &amp; Srisayana (Segidi) (G.O.Ms.No. 63, BCW (M1) Dept., dt.11.12.96)&lt;br /&gt;5. Dudekula, Laddaf, Pinjari or Noorbasha&lt;br /&gt;6. Gandla, Telikula, Devatlilakula (G.O.Ms.No.13, BCW (P1) Dept., dt 20.5.1997)&lt;br /&gt;7. Jandra&lt;br /&gt;8. Kummara or Kulala, Salivahana (GpO.Ms.No. 28 BCW (M1) Dept., dt 24.6.1995)&lt;br /&gt;9. Karikalabhakthula, Kaikolan or Kaikala (Sengundam or Sengunther)&lt;br /&gt;  10. Karnabhakthulu&lt;br /&gt;11. Kuruba or Kuruma&lt;br /&gt;12. Nagavaddilu&lt;br /&gt;13. Neelakanthi&lt;br /&gt;14. Patkar (khartri) &lt;br /&gt;15. Perika (Perika Balija, Puragiri Kshatriya)&lt;br /&gt;16. Nossi or Kurni &lt;br /&gt;17. Padmasali (Sali, Salivan Padmasali, Senapathulu, Thogata sali) &lt;br /&gt;18. Srisayana (Segidi) (Deleted and merged with Sl.No.4 of Group - B vide G.O.Ms.No. 63, BCW (M1) Dept., dt 11.12.1996)&lt;br /&gt;19. Swakulasali&lt;br /&gt;20. Thogata, Thogati or Thogata - Veerakshatriya&lt;br /&gt;21. Viswabrahmin (Ausula, Kamsali, Kummari, Kanchari, Vadla or Vadra or Vadrangi &amp; Silpis, Viswakarma) (G.O.Ms.No. 59, BCW (M1) Dept., dt 6.12.1995)&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;GROUP - &#39;C&#39;&lt;br /&gt;Harijan Convers&lt;br /&gt;1. Scheduled Castes converts to Christianity and their progency.&lt;br /&gt;GROUP - &#39;D&#39;&lt;br /&gt;Other Castes&lt;br /&gt;1. Agaru&lt;br /&gt;2. Arekatika, Katika &lt;br /&gt;3. Atagara&lt;br /&gt;4. Bhatraju&lt;br /&gt;5. Chippolu (Mera) &lt;br /&gt;6. Gavara&lt;br /&gt;7. Godaba&lt;br /&gt;8. Hatkar&lt;br /&gt;9. Jakkala&lt;br /&gt;10. Jingara&lt;br /&gt;11. Kandra&lt;br /&gt;12. Koshti&lt;br /&gt;13. Kachi&lt;br /&gt;14. Surya Balija (Kalavanthula) Ganika (G.O.Ms. No. 20, BCW (P2) Dept., dt 19.7.1994)&lt;br /&gt;15. Krishnabalija (Dasari, Bukka)&lt;br /&gt;16. Koppulavelama&lt;br /&gt;17. Mathura&lt;br /&gt;18. Mali&lt;br /&gt;19. Mudiraj, Mutrasi, Tenugollu&lt;br /&gt;20. Munnurukapu (Telangana) &lt;br /&gt;  21. Nagavasam (Nagavamsa) (G.O. Ms. No.53, BCW (M1) Dept., dt 19.9.1996)&lt;br /&gt;22. Nelli&lt;br /&gt;23. Polinativelamas of Srikakulam and Visakhapatnam Districts&lt;br /&gt;24. Poosala&lt;br /&gt;25. Passi&lt;br /&gt;26. Rangarez or Bhavasarakshastriya&lt;br /&gt;27. Sadhuchetty&lt;br /&gt;28. Satani (Chattada Srivaishnava)&lt;br /&gt;29. Tammali (Confined to Nalgonda, Mahabubnagar, karimnagar, Nizamabad and Adilabad Districts only. G.O.Ms.No.20, BCW (A1) Dept., dt.21-July-1997)&lt;br /&gt;30. Turupukapus or Gajulakapus of Srikakulam &amp; Visakhapatnam districts. Who are subject to Social customs of Divorce &amp; Remarriages among their women (G.O.Ms.No. 65, E &amp; SW Dept., dt.18.2.1974)&lt;br /&gt;31. Uppara or Sagara&lt;br /&gt;32. Vanjara (Vanjari) &lt;br /&gt;33. Yadava (Golla) &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;* Deleted &lt;br /&gt;The major Occupational Groups identified for assistance alongwith their traditional activities are shown below :&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;Sl. No. Occupational Groups Major Economic&lt;br /&gt;Activity  % share in the total occupational group&lt;br /&gt;population (State Level)&lt;br /&gt;1. Yadava Cattle Rearing  23.46%&lt;br /&gt;  Golla Milk Vending   &lt;br /&gt;  Kuruma Sheep Rearing   &lt;br /&gt;  Kuruba Kumbli Weaving   &lt;br /&gt;2. Gowda Toddy Tapping  16.34%&lt;br /&gt;  Ediga    &lt;br /&gt;  Settibalija    &lt;br /&gt;  Yata    &lt;br /&gt;  Gamaeler    &lt;br /&gt;  Gundla    &lt;br /&gt;  Kalalee    &lt;br /&gt;  Srisayana    &lt;br /&gt;3. Agnikulakshatriya Fishing 9.34%&lt;br /&gt;  Besta    &lt;br /&gt;  Gangaputra    &lt;br /&gt;  Vanyakulakshatriya    &lt;br /&gt;  Vada Balija     &lt;br /&gt;  Pattapu    &lt;br /&gt;  Palli    &lt;br /&gt;  Gangavaru    &lt;br /&gt;  Goondla    &lt;br /&gt;  Vannereddy    &lt;br /&gt;  Pallikapu    &lt;br /&gt;  Pallireddy    &lt;br /&gt;  Nayeelu    &lt;br /&gt;4. Padmasali Weaving 9.24%&lt;br /&gt;  Devangi    &lt;br /&gt;  Thogata    &lt;br /&gt;  Thogati    &lt;br /&gt;  T V Kshatriya    &lt;br /&gt;  Patkar    &lt;br /&gt;  Swakulasali    &lt;br /&gt;  Jandra    &lt;br /&gt;  Atchukatla Vandlu     &lt;br /&gt;5. Odde Earth Works  7.22%&lt;br /&gt;  Uppara    &lt;br /&gt;  Vaddelu    &lt;br /&gt;  Sagaras    &lt;br /&gt;6. Vishwabrahmin Goldsmithy 6.72%&lt;br /&gt;  Kamsali Blacksmithy  &lt;br /&gt;  Kanchari Brassmithy  &lt;br /&gt;  Kammari Stone Carving (Silpi)  &lt;br /&gt;  Vadrangi Carpentry  &lt;br /&gt;7. Rajaka Laundry 11.88%&lt;br /&gt;8. Dudekula Cotton Carding  4.05%&lt;br /&gt;  Noorbasha    &lt;br /&gt;  Luddaq    &lt;br /&gt;  Pinjaries    &lt;br /&gt;9. Kummara Pottery 4.10&lt;br /&gt;  Kulala    &lt;br /&gt;10. Nayeebrahmin Hair Dressing  3.99%&lt;br /&gt;  Mangali    &lt;br /&gt;11. Gandla Oil Pressing  1.17%&lt;br /&gt;  Telikula    &lt;br /&gt;12. Arekatika Butchery 0.64%&lt;br /&gt;  Katika    &lt;br /&gt;13. Medari Basketry 0.64%&lt;br /&gt;  Gundla    &lt;br /&gt;  Gadaba    &lt;br /&gt;14. Poosala Petty Dealers &lt;br /&gt;(Beads &amp;Needles)  0.22%&lt;br /&gt;15. Rangrej Tailoring/Needles 0.19%&lt;br /&gt;  Chippollu/Mera</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mdhashim123.blogspot.com/feeds/351862582580284085/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://mdhashim123.blogspot.com/2010/02/bc.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3477762715927407525/posts/default/351862582580284085'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3477762715927407525/posts/default/351862582580284085'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mdhashim123.blogspot.com/2010/02/bc.html' title='bc'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01935836744369267869</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3477762715927407525.post-1456485882691537334</id><published>2010-02-27T22:00:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-02-27T22:09:24.828-08:00</updated><title type='text'>ANDHRA PRADESH BACK WARD CASTES</title><content type='html'>Frontline, Volume 17 - Issue 18, Sep. 02 - 15, 2000&lt;br /&gt;The census of 1881 enumerated 1,929 castes. Of these 1,126 (58 per cent) had a population of less than 1,000; 556 (29 per cent) less than 100; and 275 (14 per cent) less than 10. There are a large number of single-member castes.  Brahmins, Kunbis and Chamars accounted for more than a crore (10 million) each. These three accounted for as many people as the bottom 1,848 (96 per cent) castes. However, the Brahmin population in Andhra Pradesh may be anywhere between 1.5 to 3% of the total population of Andhra Pradesh. Of these 1,929 castes, 1,432 (74 per cent) were found only in one locality (out of 17), e.g., most of the castes in Andhra Pradesh are localized.  Only two castes, Brahmins and the Rajputs, had an all-India presence. The pattern of localization also seemed to vary across space. For example, while the eastern and southern regions had high localization of the big caste groups, in the northern and western regions they were spatially spread. &lt;br /&gt;________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;The Backward Classes community in Andhra Pradesh consists of 92 castes and these castes are categorized into four groups as follows :     &lt;br /&gt;List of B.Cs and categorization&lt;br /&gt;(As per G.O.Ms.No. 1793 Education Dept., Dt : 23.9.1970 as modified from time to time). &lt;br /&gt;GROUP - &#39;A&#39;&lt;br /&gt;Aboriginal Tribes, Vimuktha Jathis, Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Tribes etc. &lt;br /&gt;1. Agrakula Kshatriya, Palli Vadabalija, Bestha, Jalati, Gangavar, Gangaputra, Goondla, Vanyakulakshatriya, (Vannekapu, Vanne reddi, Pallikapu, Pallireddi) Neyyala and Pattapu.&lt;br /&gt;2. Balasanthu, Bahurupi&lt;br /&gt;3. Bandara&lt;br /&gt;4. Budabukkala&lt;br /&gt;5. Rajaka (Chakali, Vannar) &lt;br /&gt;6. Dasari (Formerly engaged in Bhikshathana G.O.Ms. No.32 BCW (M1) Dept., dt. 23.2.1995)&lt;br /&gt;7. Dommara&lt;br /&gt;8. Gangiredlavaru&lt;br /&gt;9. Jangam whose traditional Occupation is begging.&lt;br /&gt;10. Jogi&lt;br /&gt;11. Katipapala&lt;br /&gt;12. Korcha&lt;br /&gt;*13. Lambada or Banjara in Telangana Area (Deleted and Included in the list of Scheduled Tribed G.O. Ms. No. 149, SW Dept., Dt 3.6.1978)&lt;br /&gt;14. Mondivaru, Mondibanda, Banda&lt;br /&gt;15. Nayi-Brahmin (Mangali, Mangala and Bhajanthri G.O. Ms. No. 1, BCW (M1) Dept., Dt 6.1.96)&lt;br /&gt;16. Nakkala&lt;br /&gt;17. Vamsharaj (Pitchigunta Deleted in G.O. Ms. No. 27, BCW (M1) Dept., Dt 23.6.95)&lt;br /&gt;18. Pamula&lt;br /&gt;19. Pardhi (Nirishikari)&lt;br /&gt;20. Pambala&lt;br /&gt;  21. Peddammavandlu, Devaravandlu, Yallammavandlu, Mutyalammavandlu&lt;br /&gt;22.  Veeramusthi (Nettikotala) Veerabhadreeya (G.O. Ms. No. 62, BCW (M) Dept. dt. 10.12.1996)&lt;br /&gt;23. Valmiki, Boya (Boya, Bedar, Kirataka, Nishadi, Yellapi Pedda Boya &amp; Chunduvallu G.O. Ms. No. 124, SW Dept., Dt 24.6.1985)&lt;br /&gt;  Yellapall (G.O. Ms. No. 61, BCW (M) Dept. dt. 5.12.1996)&lt;br /&gt;24. Yerukulas in Telangana Area (Deleted in G.O. Ms. No. 149, SW Dept., Dt 3.6.1978) &lt;br /&gt;*25. Gudala&lt;br /&gt;26. Kanjara - Bhatta&lt;br /&gt;27. Kalinga (Kinthala deleted in G.O. Ms. No. 53, SW Dept., Dt 7.3.1980)&lt;br /&gt;28. Kopmare or Reddika&lt;br /&gt;29. Mondipatta&lt;br /&gt;30. Nekkar&lt;br /&gt;31. Pariki Muggula&lt;br /&gt;32. Yata&lt;br /&gt;33. Chopemari&lt;br /&gt;34. Kaikadi&lt;br /&gt;35. Jo-shinadiwalas&lt;br /&gt;36. Odde (Oddilu, Vaddi, Vaddelu)&lt;br /&gt;37. Mandula (G.M.No. 40-VI/70-1, Edn dt. 10.2.72)&lt;br /&gt;38.  Mehtar (Muslim) G.M.No. 234 - VI/72-2, Edn dt.5.7.72)&lt;br /&gt;39. Kunapuli (G.M.No. 1279/PI/74-10, E&amp;SW., dt. 8.8.1975)&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;GROUP - &#39;B&#39;&lt;br /&gt;Vocational &lt;br /&gt;1. Achukatlavandlu&lt;br /&gt;2. Aryakshatriya, Chittari, Giniyar, Chirakara, Nakhas (Muchi (Telugu Speaking) Was deleted in G.O. Ms. No.31 BCW (M1) Dept., dt.11.6.96)&lt;br /&gt;3. Devanga&lt;br /&gt;4. Goud (Ediga, Gouda (Gamalla) Kalalce, Goundla, Settibalija of Visakhapatnam, East Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna Districs &amp; Srisayana (Segidi) (G.O.Ms.No. 63, BCW (M1) Dept., dt.11.12.96)&lt;br /&gt;5. Dudekula, Laddaf, Pinjari or Noorbasha&lt;br /&gt;6. Gandla, Telikula, Devatlilakula (G.O.Ms.No.13, BCW (P1) Dept., dt 20.5.1997)&lt;br /&gt;7. Jandra&lt;br /&gt;8. Kummara or Kulala, Salivahana (GpO.Ms.No. 28 BCW (M1) Dept., dt 24.6.1995)&lt;br /&gt;9. Karikalabhakthula, Kaikolan or Kaikala (Sengundam or Sengunther)&lt;br /&gt;  10. Karnabhakthulu&lt;br /&gt;11. Kuruba or Kuruma&lt;br /&gt;12. Nagavaddilu&lt;br /&gt;13. Neelakanthi&lt;br /&gt;14. Patkar (khartri) &lt;br /&gt;15. Perika (Perika Balija, Puragiri Kshatriya)&lt;br /&gt;16. Nossi or Kurni &lt;br /&gt;17. Padmasali (Sali, Salivan Padmasali, Senapathulu, Thogata sali) &lt;br /&gt;18. Srisayana (Segidi) (Deleted and merged with Sl.No.4 of Group - B vide G.O.Ms.No. 63, BCW (M1) Dept., dt 11.12.1996)&lt;br /&gt;19. Swakulasali&lt;br /&gt;20. Thogata, Thogati or Thogata - Veerakshatriya&lt;br /&gt;21. Viswabrahmin (Ausula, Kamsali, Kummari, Kanchari, Vadla or Vadra or Vadrangi &amp; Silpis, Viswakarma) (G.O.Ms.No. 59, BCW (M1) Dept., dt 6.12.1995)&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;GROUP - &#39;C&#39;&lt;br /&gt;Harijan Convers&lt;br /&gt;1. Scheduled Castes converts to Christianity and their progency.&lt;br /&gt;GROUP - &#39;D&#39;&lt;br /&gt;Other Castes&lt;br /&gt;1. Agaru&lt;br /&gt;2. Arekatika, Katika &lt;br /&gt;3. Atagara&lt;br /&gt;4. Bhatraju&lt;br /&gt;5. Chippolu (Mera) &lt;br /&gt;6. Gavara&lt;br /&gt;7. Godaba&lt;br /&gt;8. Hatkar&lt;br /&gt;9. Jakkala&lt;br /&gt;10. Jingara&lt;br /&gt;11. Kandra&lt;br /&gt;12. Koshti&lt;br /&gt;13. Kachi&lt;br /&gt;14. Surya Balija (Kalavanthula) Ganika (G.O.Ms. No. 20, BCW (P2) Dept., dt 19.7.1994)&lt;br /&gt;15. Krishnabalija (Dasari, Bukka)&lt;br /&gt;16. Koppulavelama&lt;br /&gt;17. Mathura&lt;br /&gt;18. Mali&lt;br /&gt;19. Mudiraj, Mutrasi, Tenugollu&lt;br /&gt;20. Munnurukapu (Telangana) &lt;br /&gt;  21. Nagavasam (Nagavamsa) (G.O. Ms. No.53, BCW (M1) Dept., dt 19.9.1996)&lt;br /&gt;22. Nelli&lt;br /&gt;23. Polinativelamas of Srikakulam and Visakhapatnam Districts&lt;br /&gt;24. Poosala&lt;br /&gt;25. Passi&lt;br /&gt;26. Rangarez or Bhavasarakshastriya&lt;br /&gt;27. Sadhuchetty&lt;br /&gt;28. Satani (Chattada Srivaishnava)&lt;br /&gt;29. Tammali (Confined to Nalgonda, Mahabubnagar, karimnagar, Nizamabad and Adilabad Districts only. G.O.Ms.No.20, BCW (A1) Dept., dt.21-July-1997)&lt;br /&gt;30. Turupukapus or Gajulakapus of Srikakulam &amp; Visakhapatnam districts. Who are subject to Social customs of Divorce &amp; Remarriages among their women (G.O.Ms.No. 65, E &amp; SW Dept., dt.18.2.1974)&lt;br /&gt;31. Uppara or Sagara&lt;br /&gt;32. Vanjara (Vanjari) &lt;br /&gt;33. Yadava (Golla) &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;* Deleted &lt;br /&gt;The major Occupational Groups identified for assistance alongwith their traditional activities are shown below :&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;Sl. No. Occupational Groups Major Economic&lt;br /&gt;Activity  % share in the total occupational group&lt;br /&gt;population (State Level)&lt;br /&gt;1. Yadava Cattle Rearing  23.46%&lt;br /&gt;  Golla Milk Vending   &lt;br /&gt;  Kuruma Sheep Rearing   &lt;br /&gt;  Kuruba Kumbli Weaving   &lt;br /&gt;2. Gowda Toddy Tapping  16.34%&lt;br /&gt;  Ediga    &lt;br /&gt;  Settibalija    &lt;br /&gt;  Yata    &lt;br /&gt;  Gamaeler    &lt;br /&gt;  Gundla    &lt;br /&gt;  Kalalee    &lt;br /&gt;  Srisayana    &lt;br /&gt;3. Agnikulakshatriya Fishing 9.34%&lt;br /&gt;  Besta    &lt;br /&gt;  Gangaputra    &lt;br /&gt;  Vanyakulakshatriya    &lt;br /&gt;  Vada Balija     &lt;br /&gt;  Pattapu    &lt;br /&gt;  Palli    &lt;br /&gt;  Gangavaru    &lt;br /&gt;  Goondla    &lt;br /&gt;  Vannereddy    &lt;br /&gt;  Pallikapu    &lt;br /&gt;  Pallireddy    &lt;br /&gt;  Nayeelu    &lt;br /&gt;4. Padmasali Weaving 9.24%&lt;br /&gt;  Devangi    &lt;br /&gt;  Thogata    &lt;br /&gt;  Thogati    &lt;br /&gt;  T V Kshatriya    &lt;br /&gt;  Patkar    &lt;br /&gt;  Swakulasali    &lt;br /&gt;  Jandra    &lt;br /&gt;  Atchukatla Vandlu     &lt;br /&gt;5. Odde Earth Works  7.22%&lt;br /&gt;  Uppara    &lt;br /&gt;  Vaddelu    &lt;br /&gt;  Sagaras    &lt;br /&gt;6. Vishwabrahmin Goldsmithy 6.72%&lt;br /&gt;  Kamsali Blacksmithy  &lt;br /&gt;  Kanchari Brassmithy  &lt;br /&gt;  Kammari Stone Carving (Silpi)  &lt;br /&gt;  Vadrangi Carpentry  &lt;br /&gt;7. Rajaka Laundry 11.88%&lt;br /&gt;8. Dudekula Cotton Carding  4.05%&lt;br /&gt;  Noorbasha    &lt;br /&gt;  Luddaq    &lt;br /&gt;  Pinjaries    &lt;br /&gt;9. Kummara Pottery 4.10&lt;br /&gt;  Kulala    &lt;br /&gt;10. Nayeebrahmin Hair Dressing  3.99%&lt;br /&gt;  Mangali    &lt;br /&gt;11. Gandla Oil Pressing  1.17%&lt;br /&gt;  Telikula    &lt;br /&gt;12. Arekatika Butchery 0.64%&lt;br /&gt;  Katika    &lt;br /&gt;13. Medari Basketry 0.64%&lt;br /&gt;  Gundla    &lt;br /&gt;  Gadaba    &lt;br /&gt;14. Poosala Petty Dealers &lt;br /&gt;(Beads &amp;Needles)  0.22%&lt;br /&gt;15. Rangrej Tailoring/Needles 0.19%&lt;br /&gt;  Chippollu/Mera</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mdhashim123.blogspot.com/feeds/1456485882691537334/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://mdhashim123.blogspot.com/2010/02/andhra-pradesh-back-ward-castes.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3477762715927407525/posts/default/1456485882691537334'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3477762715927407525/posts/default/1456485882691537334'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mdhashim123.blogspot.com/2010/02/andhra-pradesh-back-ward-castes.html' title='ANDHRA PRADESH BACK WARD CASTES'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01935836744369267869</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3477762715927407525.post-1573142673807830438</id><published>2010-02-27T21:58:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-02-27T22:00:13.508-08:00</updated><title type='text'>CASTE SYSTEM</title><content type='html'>The Caste of Andhra Pradesh&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Andhra Pradesh is the birthplace of many castes. It is also home to many other castes and cults founded outside, but who found patronage here. The different schools of thought have rise to various caste movements, reform movements, and philosophical schools of thought. Here&#39;s a potpourri of topics on the castes of Andhra Pradesh.&lt;br /&gt;Table of Contents&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Brahmins : According Sir S. Radhakrishnan, although used very widely, the term brahmin is not a correct word . In the ancient Hindu texts, the word brahmana is used to indicate &quot;absolute&quot; or the &quot;infinite spirit&quot; of Lord Brahma. In the course of history, as the varna or the caste system developed, the group of priestly people came to be known as brahmanas or brahmins. In this section, the word brahmin is used to refer&lt;br /&gt;to the community of people known as brahmins in today&#39;s India. More....&lt;br /&gt;Introduction of Brahmins, Gayatri Mantra, List of Brahmins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kamma or Chowdhury:&lt;br /&gt;The most influential community in Andhra Pradesh today is the Kamma, or Chowdhary community. In a numerical ranking (by population size) they would probably be fifth or sixth, but they are concentrated in some areas like Krishna, Guntur, Southern parts of the Godavari river delta, Nizamabad in Telangana and some places of Rayalseema like Anantapur. More...&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Reddys:&lt;br /&gt;After the kakatiya kingdom broke up, many Reddis migrated to coastal Andhra---Addanki and Kondaveedu, and later Rajahmundry on the Godavari and founded their own independent kingdoms which flourished between 1325-1448 AD. Komati Prolaya Vemareddy , son of Komati Prola reddy founded this kingdom . There are foolish elaborate explanations of why the name Komdi or Komati was their surname (apart from silly fake legends, there is an attempt to disc. More....&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Backward Castes:&lt;br /&gt;The Backward Classes community in Andhra Pradesh consists of 92 castes and these castes are categorized into four groups as follows :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Group-A (39 Castes)&lt;br /&gt;Group-B (21 Castes)&lt;br /&gt;Group-C (Harijan Convers)&lt;br /&gt;Group-D (33 Castes)&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mala:&lt;br /&gt;Accurate history of the Malas in Andhra is not well known or thoroughly researched as yet. The Malas seem to hail primarily from the drier upland areas like the Deccan plateau. According to researchers like Ambedkar, the malas and similar communities were actually warriors of some defeated kingdom: they were pushed down in social status. Another story is that the terrible 12 years&#39; drought and famine of 1396 obliged the people to eat anything to survive: some ate dead cattle, and this was noted by other people and they were then pushed down in the social scale from kshatriyas (soldiers) to untouchables. ... More&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Madiga&lt;br /&gt;Madigas seem to be a far-flung tribe with similar sounding names like Mandinga noticed in Africa and Southeast asia too. The Madigas are mentioned in very old indian books so they&#39;ve been in these parts from a long time. The Madigas have a very old tradition of dedicating a couple of girls to a deity, the girls are then called yogin or basavi. While the origin seems to be a ceremony of initiation of female priests (priestesses) and a reflection of matriarchial society, it degenerated by late buddhist and hindu times into nothing more than dancing girls and worse... More&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Group-A&lt;br /&gt;Group-B&lt;br /&gt;Group-C&lt;br /&gt;Group-D&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Castes are classified as backward if due to their financial, educational and political depression need government reservations to help uplift their status. They are predominantly involved in small scale farming, artisans, small scale traders. They make up about 50% of the population. Poosala Caste People represent 5% of A.P. population, they need justice both politically and economically.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ayyaraka Patrudu (Merchant, Farmer, Warrior)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rulers under Chalukyas&lt;br /&gt;Gowda&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Alcohol Brewing&lt;br /&gt;Goud&lt;br /&gt;Goud Kala&lt;br /&gt;Bhandari&lt;br /&gt;Edigas&lt;br /&gt;Idiga&lt;br /&gt;Kalal, Kalace&lt;br /&gt;Srisayana (toddy-drawers)&lt;br /&gt;Segidi&lt;br /&gt;Setty Balijas&lt;br /&gt;Yatha&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Animal Husbandry&lt;br /&gt;Cattle Herding&lt;br /&gt;Yadava&lt;br /&gt;Golla&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sheep Rearing&lt;br /&gt;Kuruba&lt;br /&gt;Kuruma&lt;br /&gt;Hatkar&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Warrior / Hunters&lt;br /&gt;Boyar caste / Boya&lt;br /&gt;Boya / Nayak / Naidu&lt;br /&gt;Boya Talwar/ Talari&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Artisans&lt;br /&gt;Ausula (viswakarma | Goldsmith)&lt;br /&gt;Kammari (viswakarma | Blacksmith)&lt;br /&gt;Kamsali (Gold, Silver smith)&lt;br /&gt;Kanchara (viswakarma |Tin,brass, bronze smith)&lt;br /&gt;Kanchari (viswakarma | brass bronze smith )&lt;br /&gt;Silpis (viswakarma | sthapathi |sculptures)&lt;br /&gt;Salivahana&lt;br /&gt;Surya Balija&lt;br /&gt;Ganika (Dancer, singer, poet)&lt;br /&gt;Kalavanthula&lt;br /&gt;Vadla (viswakarma | carpenter)&lt;br /&gt;Vadra (viswakarma | carpenter)&lt;br /&gt;[Vishwakarmas|Vadrangi]&lt;br /&gt;Vaddi (stonecutters and well-diggers)&lt;br /&gt;Vaddera&lt;br /&gt;Vaddelu&lt;br /&gt;Vishwa Brahmin (viswakarma | Goldsmith)&lt;br /&gt;Vishwakarma&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Barber (Musicians,Surgeons,Ministers,Leads)&lt;br /&gt;Bhajanthri&lt;br /&gt;Mangali&lt;br /&gt;Mangala&lt;br /&gt;Manthri&lt;br /&gt;Nai&lt;br /&gt;Nayi-Brahmin&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bamboo Workers&lt;br /&gt;Kandra&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Basket Weaving&lt;br /&gt;Gundla&lt;br /&gt;Goondla&lt;br /&gt;Gadaba (Forest tribe)&lt;br /&gt;Godaba&lt;br /&gt;Medari&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Meat Selling&lt;br /&gt;Aare Katika (were warriors during Shivaji Period)&lt;br /&gt;Katika&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cobbler&lt;br /&gt;Chirakara&lt;br /&gt;Giniyar&lt;br /&gt;Muchi&lt;br /&gt;Nakhas&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ceremony singers&lt;br /&gt;jakkali&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;watch&amp;ward&lt;br /&gt;katipapala&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cotton Spining&lt;br /&gt;Dudekula - Muslim (Cotton cleaners. Also called as Laddaf, Noor Basha, Pinjari. A group of Muslims with Telugu as their mother tongue, found in Andhra Pradesh. Padmasri Shaik China Moulana (Nadaswaram), Padmasri Naazar (Burrakadha) are famous personalities of this Muslim sub-community.)&lt;br /&gt;Laddaf - Muslim&lt;br /&gt;Noor Basha - Muslim&lt;br /&gt;Pinjari - Muslim&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Earthen Work&lt;br /&gt;Odde&lt;br /&gt;Oddilu&lt;br /&gt;Uppara&lt;br /&gt;Sagara&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fisherman&lt;br /&gt;Agnikula Kshatriya(andhra vanniyar)&lt;br /&gt;Palli(andhra vanniyar)&lt;br /&gt;Vanniyakula Kshatriya&lt;br /&gt;Besta&lt;br /&gt;Gangavar&lt;br /&gt;Gangaputra&lt;br /&gt;Vanne Kapu, Vanne Reddy(andhra vanniyar)&lt;br /&gt;Jalari&lt;br /&gt;Mudiraju (Fisherman Heads, farmers, warriors)&lt;br /&gt;Mutrasi&lt;br /&gt;Tenugollu&lt;br /&gt;Neyyala&lt;br /&gt;Palli Kapu(andhra vanniyar)&lt;br /&gt;Palli Reddi(andhra vanniyar)&lt;br /&gt;Pattapu&lt;br /&gt;Vada Balija&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Other Kshatriya&#39;s&lt;br /&gt;Bhavasara Kshatriya(Cloth traders)&lt;br /&gt;Arya Kshatriya&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mali (vegetable and fruit growers)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tailors, Dyers&lt;br /&gt;Rangarez (Muslim)&lt;br /&gt;Thogati Veera Kshatriya###Thogati&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chippollu&lt;br /&gt;Mera&lt;br /&gt;Meru Darji&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gypsies (Tribal)&lt;br /&gt;Banjara&lt;br /&gt;Kanjara Bhatta&lt;br /&gt;Lambada&lt;br /&gt;Sugalis&lt;br /&gt;Vanjara&lt;br /&gt;Vanjari&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hotel labor&lt;br /&gt;Tammali&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jingara&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kachi (Vegetable-grower)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kalinga (Tribal farmers)&lt;br /&gt;Koppula Velama&lt;br /&gt;Polinati Velamas&lt;br /&gt;Nagavaddilu&lt;br /&gt;Nagavasam&lt;br /&gt;Nagavamsa&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Oil Pressing&lt;br /&gt;Gandla&lt;br /&gt;Sajjana gandla&lt;br /&gt;Ganiga&lt;br /&gt;Devatlila Kula&lt;br /&gt;Teli Kula&lt;br /&gt;Sandlewood Workers&lt;br /&gt;Agaru&lt;br /&gt;Shaman&lt;br /&gt;Jogi (Religious mendicant and pedlar)&lt;br /&gt;Joshinadiwalas (astrologer and village priest)&lt;br /&gt;Traders&lt;br /&gt;Perika&lt;br /&gt;Gavara&lt;br /&gt;Perika Balija&lt;br /&gt;Puragiri Kshatriya&lt;br /&gt;Sadhuchetty&lt;br /&gt;Poosala&lt;br /&gt;Dasari&lt;br /&gt;Weaving&lt;br /&gt;Achukatlavandlu&lt;br /&gt;Dudekula&lt;br /&gt;Devanga&lt;br /&gt;Jandra&lt;br /&gt;Karnabhakthulu&lt;br /&gt;Nossi&lt;br /&gt;Kurni&lt;br /&gt;Koshti&lt;br /&gt;Nakkala&lt;br /&gt;Patkar&lt;br /&gt;Khartri&lt;br /&gt;Padmashali&lt;br /&gt;Nelli&lt;br /&gt;Neelakanthi&lt;br /&gt;Sali&lt;br /&gt;Salivan Padmasali&lt;br /&gt;Senapathulu&lt;br /&gt;Karikalabakthulu&lt;br /&gt;Thogata&lt;br /&gt;Thogata Sali&lt;br /&gt;Veerakshatriya Swakulasali&lt;br /&gt;Narasihma caste</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mdhashim123.blogspot.com/feeds/1573142673807830438/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://mdhashim123.blogspot.com/2010/02/caste-system.html#comment-form' title='6 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3477762715927407525/posts/default/1573142673807830438'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3477762715927407525/posts/default/1573142673807830438'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mdhashim123.blogspot.com/2010/02/caste-system.html' title='CASTE SYSTEM'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01935836744369267869</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>6</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3477762715927407525.post-6839378610125332507</id><published>2010-02-27T21:56:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-02-27T21:57:23.633-08:00</updated><title type='text'>andhra pradesh OBC LIST</title><content type='html'>CENTRAL LIST OF OTHER BACKWARD CLASSES&lt;br /&gt;Sl.No. Name of the Castes/Sub-castes/Synonyms/ Entry No. in the&lt;br /&gt;Communities Central List&lt;br /&gt;ANDHRA PRADESH&lt;br /&gt;1 Achukatlavandlu 39&lt;br /&gt;2 Agaru 61&lt;br /&gt;3 Agnikulakshatriya 1&lt;br /&gt;Palli &quot;&lt;br /&gt;Vadabalija &quot;&lt;br /&gt;Bestha &quot;&lt;br /&gt;Jalari &quot;&lt;br /&gt;Gangavar &quot;&lt;br /&gt;Gangaputra &quot;&lt;br /&gt;Goondla &quot;&lt;br /&gt;Vanyakulakshtriya &quot;&lt;br /&gt;Vannekapu &quot;&lt;br /&gt;Vannereddi &quot;&lt;br /&gt;Pallikapu &quot;&lt;br /&gt;Pallireddi &quot;&lt;br /&gt;Nayyala &quot;&lt;br /&gt;Pattapu &quot;&lt;br /&gt;4 Arekatika, Katika, Quresh (Muslim Butchers) 62&lt;br /&gt;5 Aryakshatriya 40&lt;br /&gt;Chittari &quot;&lt;br /&gt;Giniyar &quot;&lt;br /&gt;Chitrakara &quot;&lt;br /&gt;Nakhas &quot;&lt;br /&gt;6 Atagara 63&lt;br /&gt;7&lt;br /&gt;Atirasa (of Polavaram, Gopalapuram,&lt;br /&gt;Koyyalagudem, 104&lt;br /&gt;Buttayagudem, Chagallu Mandals of West&lt;br /&gt;Godavari Distt.&lt;br /&gt;and Devipattanam, Korukonda and Gokavaram&lt;br /&gt;Mandals&lt;br /&gt;of East Godavari Distt.&lt;br /&gt;8 Ayyaraka 95&lt;br /&gt;9 Bandara 3&lt;br /&gt;10 Balasanthu 2&lt;br /&gt;Bahurupi&lt;br /&gt;11 Bhataraju 64&lt;br /&gt;12 Budabukkala 4&lt;br /&gt;13 Chippolu(Mera) 65&lt;br /&gt;14 Chopemari 32&lt;br /&gt;15 Dasari (formerly engaged in Bhikshatana) 6&lt;br /&gt;16 Devanga 41&lt;br /&gt;17 Dommara 7&lt;br /&gt;18 Dudekula 43&lt;br /&gt;Laddaf 43&lt;br /&gt;Pinjari or Noorbash 43&lt;br /&gt;19 Ediga 42&lt;br /&gt;Gowda(Gamalla, Kalalee)&lt;br /&gt;Goundla&lt;br /&gt;Settibalija (of Visakhapatnam,&lt;br /&gt;East Godavari, West Godavari&lt;br /&gt;and Krishna District)&lt;br /&gt;20 Gajula Balija(who are traditionally associated 101&lt;br /&gt;with selling of Bangles)&lt;br /&gt;21 Gandla,Telikula,Devathilakula 44&lt;br /&gt;22 Gangiredlavaru 8&lt;br /&gt;23 Gavara 66&lt;br /&gt;24 Godaba 67&lt;br /&gt;25 Gudala 24&lt;br /&gt;26 Hatkar 68&lt;br /&gt;27 Jakkala 69&lt;br /&gt;28 Jandra 45&lt;br /&gt;29 Jangam whose traditional occupation is begging 9&lt;br /&gt;30 Jingar 70&lt;br /&gt;31 Jogi 10&lt;br /&gt;32 Joshinandiwala 34&lt;br /&gt;33 Odde 35&lt;br /&gt;Oddilu&lt;br /&gt;Vaddi&lt;br /&gt;Vaddelu&lt;br /&gt;34 Kachi 73&lt;br /&gt;35 Kaikadi 33&lt;br /&gt;36 Kandra 71&lt;br /&gt;37 Kanjara-Bhatta 25&lt;br /&gt;38 Karikalabhakthulu 47&lt;br /&gt;Kaikolan or Kaikola&lt;br /&gt;(Sengundam or Sengunther)&lt;br /&gt;39 Karnabhakthulu 48&lt;br /&gt;40 Kasi kapadi 100&lt;br /&gt;41 Katipapala 11&lt;br /&gt;42 Kepmare or Reddika 27&lt;br /&gt;43 Kinthala Kalinga, Buragana (Kalinga, Buragam 26&lt;br /&gt;Kalinga, Pandiri Kalinga&lt;br /&gt;44 Koppulavelama 76&lt;br /&gt;45 Korcha, Koracha 12&lt;br /&gt;46 Koshti 72&lt;br /&gt;47 Krishnabalija 75&lt;br /&gt;(Dasari, Bukka, Bukka Ayavar)&lt;br /&gt;48 Kummara or Kulala or Salivahana 46&lt;br /&gt;49 Kunapuli 38&lt;br /&gt;50 Kurakula 99&lt;br /&gt;51 Kuruba or Kuruma 49&lt;br /&gt;52 Lodh, Lodha, Lodhi 98&lt;br /&gt;53 Mali (where they are not Scheduled Tribe) 78&lt;br /&gt;54 Mandula 36&lt;br /&gt;55 Mathura 77&lt;br /&gt;56 Medari or Mahendra 13&lt;br /&gt;57 Mehtar(Muslim) 37&lt;br /&gt;58 Mondepatta, Mondipatta 28&lt;br /&gt;59 Mondivaru 14&lt;br /&gt;Mondibanda&lt;br /&gt;Banda&lt;br /&gt;60 Mudiraj 79&lt;br /&gt;Mutrasi&lt;br /&gt;Tenugollu&lt;br /&gt;61 Munnurukapu (Telengana) 80&lt;br /&gt;62 Nagaralu 96&lt;br /&gt;63 Nagavaddilu 50&lt;br /&gt;64 Nagavasam 81&lt;br /&gt;(Nagavamsa)&lt;br /&gt;65 Nakkala 16&lt;br /&gt;66 Nayi-Brahmin(Mangali, Mangla, Bhajanthri) 15&lt;br /&gt;67 Neelakanthi 51&lt;br /&gt;68 Neeli (Nelli) 82&lt;br /&gt;69 Nessi or Kurni 54&lt;br /&gt;70 Nokkar 29&lt;br /&gt;71 Padmasali 55&lt;br /&gt;(Sali, Saliyan, Pattusali, Senapathulu,&lt;br /&gt;Thogata Sali)&lt;br /&gt;72 Pala-Ekari 94&lt;br /&gt;73 Pambala 20&lt;br /&gt;74 Pamula 18&lt;br /&gt;75 Pardhi (Mirshikari, Nirshikari) 19&lt;br /&gt;76 Pariki Muggula 30&lt;br /&gt;77 Passi 85&lt;br /&gt;78 Patkar (Khatri) 52&lt;br /&gt;79 Patra 105&lt;br /&gt;80 Peddammavandlu 21&lt;br /&gt;81 Polinativelama(of Srikakulam &amp; 83&lt;br /&gt;Visakhapatanam Districts)&lt;br /&gt;82 Perika (Perike Balija, Puragiri Kshatriya) 53&lt;br /&gt;83 Vamsha Raj 17&lt;br /&gt;84 Pondara 97&lt;br /&gt;85 Poosala 84&lt;br /&gt;86 Rajaka 5&lt;br /&gt;87 Rangarez or Bhavasara Kshatriya 86&lt;br /&gt;88 Sadhuchetty 87&lt;br /&gt;89 Satani(Chattadasrivaishnava, Chatadi) 88&lt;br /&gt;90&lt;br /&gt;Scheduled Castes converts to Christianity and&lt;br /&gt;their progeny 60&lt;br /&gt;91 Sarollu 103&lt;br /&gt;92 Siddula 107&lt;br /&gt;93 Sikligar 106&lt;br /&gt;94 Srisayana(Segidi) 56&lt;br /&gt;95 Surya Balija (Kalavanthula), Ganika 74&lt;br /&gt;96 Swakulasali 57&lt;br /&gt;97 Tammali 89&lt;br /&gt;98 Thogata, Thogati or Thogata Veerakshatriya 58&lt;br /&gt;99 Turupu Kapu and Gajula Kapu (of Srikakulam, 90&lt;br /&gt;Vizianagram &amp; Visakhapatnam Districts, who are&lt;br /&gt;subject to social customs of divorce &amp;&lt;br /&gt;remarriages&lt;br /&gt;among their women)&lt;br /&gt;100 Uppara or Sagara 91&lt;br /&gt;101 Valmiki 23&lt;br /&gt;Boya (Boya Bedar, Kirataka Nishadi,&lt;br /&gt;Yellappi, Yellapu/Yellapondlu&lt;br /&gt;Pedda Boya)&lt;br /&gt;Talayari&lt;br /&gt;Chunduvallu&lt;br /&gt;102 Vanjara (Vanjari) 92&lt;br /&gt;103 Vannia 102&lt;br /&gt;Vanniar&lt;br /&gt;Vannikula-Kshatriya&lt;br /&gt;104 Veeramushti (Netttikotala) 22&lt;br /&gt;105 Viswabrahmin or Viswakarma 59&lt;br /&gt;(Ausula or Kamsali, Kammari, Kanchari,&lt;br /&gt;Vadla or Vadra or Vadrangi and Silpi)&lt;br /&gt;106 Yadava (Golla) 93&lt;br /&gt;107 Yata 31</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mdhashim123.blogspot.com/feeds/6839378610125332507/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://mdhashim123.blogspot.com/2010/02/andhra-pradesh-obc-list.html#comment-form' title='8 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3477762715927407525/posts/default/6839378610125332507'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3477762715927407525/posts/default/6839378610125332507'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mdhashim123.blogspot.com/2010/02/andhra-pradesh-obc-list.html' title='andhra pradesh OBC LIST'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01935836744369267869</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>8</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3477762715927407525.post-6531280840531756919</id><published>2010-02-27T21:54:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2010-02-27T21:54:59.725-08:00</updated><title type='text'>five castes under bclist</title><content type='html'>HYDERABAD: The State Government today issued orders including five castes under Group-A, four castes under Group-D and shifted two castes from Group-D to Group-A among backward classes.The inclusion and shifting of these 11 castes has been a long pending demand of people belonging to these castes who are considered as socially and educationally backward communities.In view of the long-pending demands, the State Government has included five castes in Group-A of backward classes, namely Bukka Ayyavara, Gotrala, Kasikapadi or Kasikapudi, Siddula and Sikligar or Saikalgar castes.Similarly, Atirasa, Sondi or Sundi, Varala and Sistakaranam castes have been included into the Backward Classes under Group-D. Another two castes, Poosala and Mudiraj or Mutrasi or Tenugollu castes have been shifted from Group-D to Group-A of backward classes.According to the officials of BC Welfare Ministry, decision on the issue was pending for long. However, the orders were issued following repeated pleas from the communities for inclusion or shifting of these castes which was implemented under Article 15(4) and Article 16(4) of the Constitution.</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mdhashim123.blogspot.com/feeds/6531280840531756919/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://mdhashim123.blogspot.com/2010/02/five-castes-under-bclist.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3477762715927407525/posts/default/6531280840531756919'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3477762715927407525/posts/default/6531280840531756919'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mdhashim123.blogspot.com/2010/02/five-castes-under-bclist.html' title='five castes under bclist'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01935836744369267869</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3477762715927407525.post-5806436277903888488</id><published>2010-02-27T21:46:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-02-27T21:49:12.533-08:00</updated><title type='text'>andhra pradesh official websites</title><content type='html'>www.apsmfc.gov.in</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mdhashim123.blogspot.com/feeds/5806436277903888488/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://mdhashim123.blogspot.com/2010/02/andhra-pradesh-official-websites.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3477762715927407525/posts/default/5806436277903888488'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3477762715927407525/posts/default/5806436277903888488'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mdhashim123.blogspot.com/2010/02/andhra-pradesh-official-websites.html' title='andhra pradesh official websites'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01935836744369267869</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>