CRISIS MANAGEMENT

2022-03-30T01:28:00.002-07:00

Next invasion... Finland

2022-03-22T03:43:00.002-07:00

Stu sheller Poland

Stuart Scheller Romania

qe4 isn't coming

2015-09-10T12:51:00.002-07:00

NO QE 4 YOU

Chinese People's Liberation Army Marine Corps in the Snow trains for the campaign against Russia

2015-02-03T09:44:00.001-08:00

China VS Russia 2015

Why obama doesn't salute the american flag? Because he is a russian spy.

2014-03-11T14:35:00.003-07:00

For the same reason Obama has not responded to the Russian invasion of the Crimea. But American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee was for the occupation of the Crimea

Vaccination is the introduction into the human body weakened (or killed by Violent poison) pathogenic microbe.

2013-03-05T06:35:00.000-08:00

If the Poison is not enough, the pathogenic microbes survives in human body and leads to disease, from which patient been Immunized (Vaccinated).
If the Poison is enough, dead microorganisms generally (i.e. often, but not always) can induce immunity against this type of infection.
In any case, the human body gets a Poison that was used to kill pathogenic microbe.
While there were only few immunizations, the total amount of the poison generally did not result in severe disease up to 25 years. When the number of vaccinations has increased, the total amount of venom resulted poisoning from early childhood.

mandatory vaccination & AIDS

Fragment of roof collapse Chernobyl nuclear power plant Sarcophagus

2013-02-13T12:23:00.001-08:00

The good news:

If the roof had fallen in the summer, the radioactive dust would be instantly sold on for miles, but in the current winter weather radioactive dust can threaten only workers NPP, so far ...

The bad news:

Dropped inside the sarcophagus water from melting snow can dramatically increase the radioactivity of the fuel rods:
Water, under the sarcophagus is a source of several kinds of dangers:
- falling on the accumulation of fuel-containing materials, it leads to an increase in the effective neutron multiplication factor in the system;
- water slowly destroys the fuel, and contributes to the uncontrolled movement of radioactivity in the inner rooms and the removal of radionuclides beyond the "Shelter";
- transferring the dissolved salts of enriched uranium, the water can increase the potential danger of a nuclear Object;
- water promotes corrosion destruction of building constructions "Shelter".
- it prevents research to improve the electrical safety of object;
- water violates the normal operation of diagnostic systems. After strong rains have taken place 2 "anomalous" neutron events (significant increase generation of neutrons) recorded by 12 and 16 September 1996. Neutron radiation, which initially increased, after spraying with a solution of gadolinium decreased to usual levels [Official website: Institute of Problems of Safe Development of Nuclear Energy http://www.ibrae.ac.ru/].

Chernobyl experience
Post-Accident Management

Building the Chernobyl "sarcophagus" (object "Shelter") was necessary to reduce emissions of radioactive substances from the fragments 4 reactor. The main reason of problems is the use of temporary structure as permanent [1-2].
Previously in the "clean" area were tested methods of remote connection of large constructions, remote control for concrete pumping equipment, designed a system of television and radio construction control, created special cabins-capsules that allow visually inspect poorly accessible places with the help of cranes. To reducethe overall level of radiation dose was shot and buried radioactive ground, fragments of building constructions and equipment from the area around the reactor, after which the entire area was covered with a layer of gravel and sand thickness of 50 cm and a concrete layer. At this concreting had spent more than 100 000 cubic meters of concrete. [3]
For building of the Chernobyl sarcophagus been used elements of Block 4 destroyed by reactor explosion. This was done to reduce construction period (6 months). But even this variant required the use of more than 200 000 tons of concrete and more than 10 000 tons of steel. The principal disadvantages of this approach are:
- huge collective dose of radiation exposure obtained by builders and fitters;
- necessity to build new structures very close to destroyed reactor in large radiation fields;
- impossibility to fit exactly to each other large metal structures by using remote installation;
- impossibility to assess residual strength of structures after an explosion and fire;
- large masses of concrete were not included in the designated area because of the
imperfections of remote methods of concreting;
- flow of concrete in the damaged areas have limited access to them;
- impossibility accurate and precise work near a strong source of radiation has led to the main
problem of construction - leakage;
- total cracks area was estimated as 1000 square meters. [4-8]
Through the holes every year leaks around 2000 cubic meters of water, which eventually coalesce at rooms of the lower level Block 4. Yearly volumes of condensate at Block 4 is about 1650 cubic meters. The 180 cubic meters/year are the remnants spray for dust suppression. All of this water passes through the debris Block 4 and is going to basement rooms. Every year about 2100 cubic meters of collected water evaporates, and about 1300 cubic meters seeps through the foundation at ground under the Block 4 [9].
Water, under the sarcophagus is a source of several kinds of dangers:
- falling on the accumulation of fuel-containing materials, it leads to an increase in the effective neutron multiplication factor in the system;
- water slowly destroys the fuel, and contributes to the uncontrolled movement of radioactivity in the inner rooms and the removal of radionuclides beyond the "Shelter";
- transferring the dissolved salts of enriched uranium, the water can increase the potential danger of a nuclear Object;
- water promotes corrosion destruction of building constructions "Shelter".
- it prevents research to improve the electrical safety of object;
- water violates the normal operation of diagnostic systems. After strong rains have taken place 2 "anomalous" neutron events (significant increase generation of neutrons) recorded by 12 and 16 September 1996. Neutron radiation, which initially increased, after spraying with a solution of gadolinium decreased to usual levels [2].
Carried out in 1995 - 1997 years studies have shown that the main source of water pollution by 90Sr are oxidised fuel particles U3O8. Their rate of dissolution is much higher than that of the fuel particles UO2.
In the first moments of the accident takes place the destruction of the fuel tablets of uranium dioxide on grain boundaries. During the Chernobyl accident was found that the over time takes place crushing large particles at a more dangerous form for humans [10-14].
Because of the possibility of the collapse of the "Shelter" and the release of radioactive dust into the environment, under the roof was installed dust suppression system, which periodically spray dust suppression solutions. This system has been in operation since 1990, and during this time it was sprayed over 1000 tons of solutions [15].

After the accident comparable with Chernobyl, finely dispersed solid radioactive substances can penetrate into the constructions at a depth of several cm, and the radioactive water at cement screed, plaster, brick at a depth of 10 cm or more. Repeated treatment of decontamination solutions does not usually lead to lower radiation dose rate to acceptable levels. To reduce the level of radiation, it is necessary to cover the surface by lead.
During the Chernobyl accident, the best medical care was assisted for KGB officers. Techniques of enterosorbtion by zeolite and hemodialysis with activated carbon proved their efficiency for removing of radionuclides from the body. Studies have shown that the amount of radionuclides in the body can be reduced by 3-4 times before they produce significant internal exposure [16-20].
Enough quality, to protect from external radiation and radioactive dust, nowadays have only spacesuits for astronauts. For the work at nuclear power plants are most suitable Hard-shell suits. However, they are very heavy and it is necessary to movement a mobile bigger vehicle for one person.

Among other space-based technology may be useful robot arm for different manipulations.

The most expensive and most universal way to protect and cool the reactor is filling it by Indium (In). Indium's high neutron capture cross section for thermal neutrons makes it suitable for use in control rods for nuclear reactors, typically in an alloy containing 80% Silver, 15% Indium, and 5% Cadmium [21-27] In the reactor, together with the indium, need to place thermoelectric elements (based on the Peltier effect) as a coolers. All other variants of cooling require mass transfer of cooling fluid. Radioactive water at the reactor is best to use for the concreting of the internal spaces. In the absence of information about the location of molten uranium fuel, it is better in the water and concrete solutions add boron compounds (B4C for example).
For fast cutting armature rubble, and welding sections of new constructions is best to use plasma torches. Cracks will be formed in construction in any case. The main task is the localization of cracks. In laminated structures, cracks increase mostly within the layer. It must be a sufficient viscosity of the material to resist earthquakes and radiation embrittlement. Lead is consistent most of the requirements. Supporting function should be assigned on the welded, not removable formwork of stainless steel. All other options require additional corrosion protection, which near the source of radiation is difficult to make. The design should be formed layer by layer of lead and concrete. To prevent the formation and movement of radioactive dust by wind, all external surfaces of buildings must be made of steel. Protective structures of steel and concrete, lead, will have considerable weight, and therefore need more support construction for the roof. Temporarily this function can perform reliably fixed crane. On the crane line, fixing the building, must be mounted dampers for the localization of vibrations during earthquakes. It is necessary to mount geodetic marks which allow to determine the sediment and deformation structures in time. For the isolation of radioactive groundwater is necessary under the base lay several layers of rubber. This is usually made by an underground cutter with large number water cutting nozzles. However, all existing models of such units are small in size and are designed for small depth (few meters). To create the underground layers of rubber or heat-resistant materials under nuclear power plants need to design an exclusive technology.
References
1. USSR State Committee on the Utilisation of Atomic Energy "The Accident at the Chernobyl
NPP and its Consequences" IAEA Post Accident Review Meeting, Vienna, 25-29 August 1986.
2. Official website: Institute of Problems of Safe Development of Nuclear Energy
http://www.ibrae.ac.ru/
3. A.R.Sich. “Chernobyl Accident Management Actions”, Nuclear Safety, Vol.35, N1, Janusry-
June 1994
4. "Policy Statement on Regulation of Nuclear and Radiation Safety of"Shelter "on Chernobyl
nuclear power plant. Approved by the Ministerial Order of 08.04.1998, № 49
5. "Analysis of the current safety of the Shelter and forecasts of the situation. " Ans. Artist
Borovoy A.A. Report of ISTC "Shelter ", arch. № 3836
6. Borovoy A.A., Bogatov S.A., Pazukhin E.M. "The current state of the Shelter and its impact on
the environment" / Radiochemistry. - T.41, № 4, 1999
7. Borovoy A.A., Evstratenko A.S., Krinitsyn A.P. et al "Dynamics of the radiation situation at
the"Shelter" object": - 10 years, the main results of scientific research / National Academy of
Sciences of Ukraine. - Chernobyl, 1996
8. Borovoy A.A., Gorbachev B.I., Evstratenko A.S. et al. "aerosol pollution of the Shelter and
submicron aerosols. Collection " Problems of Chernobyl / ISTC NAS. Issue 15. Chernobyl 2004
9. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT, New Safe Confinement Conceptual Design:
Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant – Unit 4. State Specialised Enterprise Chernobyl Nuclear Power
Plant, Kiev 2003
10. Bar'yakhtar V.G. Biiky A.A. Borovoy A.A., Karasev B.C. Sarcophagus of today and tomorrow
Kiev, 1992. - S. 1 - 19. - Preprint, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences.
11. Description of the "Shelter" and requirements for its transformation: Report IAE them. IV
Kurchatov Complex expedition; VNIPIET. - Chernobyl, 1991
12. Dushin V.N., Petrov, B.F., Pleskachevsky L.A., and G.S. Boykov, Evdokimov I.V., Korostin
I.Y., Naydenov E.G., Prusakov A.G., Sokolov A.M., Ibraimov G.D., Checherov K.P. "Localization of
sources of intense gamma rays and evaluation of fuel in the Central Hall of the 4-th unit of Chernobyl.
" NPO "Radium Institute ", Inv. № 1732 and, Chernobyl in 1992
13. Usatyj A.F. Generalized results of determination of distributions of major gamma radiation
sources in the central hall of the Sarcophagus, recorded by dosimetric cords using EPR sensors. In:
“Sarcophagus Safety’94”. The State of Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Unit 4. Proceedings of an
International Symposium. Zeleney Mys, Ukraine, 14-18 March 1994
14. Borovoi А.А. Analytical Report ( Post- Accident Management of Destroyed Fuel from
Chernobyl ) //IAEA, Work Material, 1990
15. Borovoi А.А., Object "Shelter" Safety Analysis Report 2001
16. Official website: Security Service of Ukraine (In 1986 Ukrainian Department KGB USSR)
http://www.sbu.gov.ua/sbu/control/uk/publish/article?art_id=48991
17. S.V. Mikhalovsky and V.G. Nikolaev Interface Science and Technology., Activated Carbon
Surfaces in Environmental Remediation: Chapter 11 Activated carbons as medical adsorbents V. 7, 2006
18. Patrick J. Faustino et. al. Quantitative determination of cesium binding to ferric
hexacyanoferrate: Prussian blue., Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis V. 47, Issue 1., 2008
19. M. Kartel, V. Strelko, S. Stavitskaya, V. Mardanenko and L. Kupchik., Combined adsorption
preparations from active carbons, clay minerals and natural plant products., Combined and Hybrid
Adsorbents, NATO Security through Science Series, 2006
20. A. Yablokov, V. Nesterenko, A. Nesterenko, consulting editor Janette D. Sherman-Nevinger.,
Chernobyl. Consequences of the Catastrophe for People and the Environment., Annals of the New
York Academy of Sciences, Volume 1181 4
21. Jungran Yoon, Taeik Ro, Samyol Lee, Shuji Yamamoto and Katsuhei Kobayashi
Measurement of neutron capture cross-section of indium in the energy region from 0.003 eV to 30
keV., Annals of Nuclear Energy V. 29, Issue 10, July 2002
22. Fei Tuo, Fengqun Zhou, Yanling Yi, Xuexiang Cao and Xiangzhong Kong Cross-section
measurements for the reactions of 14 MeV neutrons on indium isotopes., Applied Radiation and
Isotopes V. 64, Issue 8, August 2006
23. J.H. Chao, and A.C. Chiang Activation detection using indium foils for simultaneous
monitoring neutron and photon intensities in a reactor core Radiation Measurements V. 45, Issue 9, October 2010
24. Yu. V. Petrov and A. I. Shlyakhter The cross section of inelastic neutron acceleration for
indium isomers., Nuclear Physics A V. 292, Issues 1-2, November 1977
25. A. Tartaglione, J.J. Blostein and R.E. Mayer Prompt gamma emissions in the reaction 115
In(n,γ) 116In for neutrons around the 1.45 eV absorption resonance., Applied Radiation and Isotopes
V. 67, Issue 9, September 2009
26. F. Tárkányi, A. Hermanne, B. Király, S. Takács, F. Ditrói, M. Baba and A.V. Ignatyuk
Investigation of activation cross sections of deuteron induced reactions on indium up to 40 MeV for
production of a 113Sn/113mIn generator., Applied Radiation and Isotopes V. 69, Issue 1, January 2011
27. T. B. Ryves, J. N. Hunt and J. C. Robertson Neutron capture cross-section measurements for
238U and 115In Between 150 AND 630 keV., Journal of Nuclear Energy V. 27, Issue 8, August 1973

Military laser from Lockheed is the answer to combat laser from Boeing, which the answer to combat laser from Northrop

2012-11-28T12:46:00.002-08:00

This is not the first time, corporations and states are trying to create a battle laser.

1К11 "Stiletto" - a Soviet self-propelled laser system.

It was a lot of projects.

The problem were the same: lack of available power sources.
Lasers effectively worked but not for long.
Now with modern electronics combat lasers reborn.
Northrop Grumman Corp. engineers in Redondo Beach have developed an electric laser capable of producing a deadly 100-kilowatt ray of light.
After Northrop the Boeing recalled about ground based lasers.

This eight-wheel, 500-horsepower Oshkosh HEMTT (Heavy Expanded Mobility Tactical Truck) has already been modified by Boeing with a beam control system.
Now Lockheed is trying to create an effective laser air defense system.

However "Designed for short-range defense of high-value areas including forward operating bases, the ADAM system’s 10-kilowatt fiber laser is engineered to destroy targets up to 2 kilometers (1.2 miles) away" these characteristics do not exceed even the characteristics of a large-caliber automatic weapons, currently used in air defense...
+ Double-barrelled 50 kW laser weapon from German defense contractor Rheinmetall.

Crisis management during the earthquakes

2012-11-11T01:18:00.001-08:00

In the old times, people panicked from the bad news, nowadays they panic from absence of information. It is necessary to provide full access to information about the ionospheric precursors of earthquakes and after the earthquake access to mobile communication for searching injured.

The main task of crisis management is temporary concentrating of resources and unconcentrating of population in a dangerous area.

It is necessary to use those methods of medical aid, which proved their effectiveness during the most terrible disasters.

1. Introduction

Solar activity, as indicated by sunspots, radio noise and geomagnetic indices, plays a significant but by no means exclusive role in the triggering of earthquakes. Maximum quake frequency occurs at times of moderately high and fluctuating solar activity. Terrestrial solar flare effects which are the actual coupling mechanisms which trigger quakes appear to be either abrupt accelerations in the earth's angular velocity or surges of telluric currents in the earth's crust [1, 2].

Relation between solar activity and seismic and volcanic activity has been shown by many scientists [3-18].

As well known the influence on Earth is not determined by the solar radiation parameters but is determined by parameters of absorbed radiation. Therefore the correlation mechanism of solar activity and seismic activity has not been fully defined. First-ever, on the bursts of solar activity, reacts ionosphere. The results of the study [19] show some unusual perturbations observed in 1–25 days before and 2–3 days after the main shock of every earthquake indicating a clear seismo-ionospheric link and may be used as earthquake precursors. Such subionospheric plasma irregularities have been observed by satellites prior to seismic activity electric and magnetic field perturbations in the upper ionosphere [20]. The final results showed that the ionospheric vertical total electron content around the epicenter of earthquake in China (May 12, 2008), increased obviously 9 days before the earthquake, decreased significantly 6 days before the earthquake and increased strikingly 3 days before the earthquake. The spatial sizes of the vertical total electron content decrement and increment by more than 30% extended larger than 1500 km in latitude and 4000 km in longitude [21]. A great earthquake of M 7.8 occurred near the Okushiri island off the Hokkaido southwest coast in northern Japan at July 12, 1993. Systematic decreases of the ionospheric F₂-layer critical frequency, f_oF₂ below its monthly median, were observed at Wakkanai, Kokubunji and Yamagawa, Japan from 3 days before the earthquake onset to 3 days after it. The virtual height of the ionospheric F-layer, h′F increased above its monthly median for nights of July 9, 10 and 11 before the earthquake onset at Kokubunji; while the h′F decreased below its monthly median for nights of July 12, 13 and 14 after the earthquake onset. Local geomagnetic activities near the three ionospheric stations were quiet or moderate with no geomagnetic storm from July 5 to July 16. The ionospheric disturbances observed were independent of solar–terrestrial events [22]. Ionospheric F-region disturbances and anomalous f₀E_s increases were separately observed within a few days before two great earthquakes in geomagnetic and solar quiet conditions. The anomalous f₀E_s increases before the earthquake onset could be caused by unknown super-volt seismo discharges since there was no thunderstorm cloud over the observatories [23]. Recent theoretical and experimental studies explicitly demonstrated the ability of space technologies to identify and monitor the specific variations at near-earth space plasma, atmosphere and ground surface associated with approaching severe earthquakes which appear several days (from 1 to 5) before the seismic shock over the seismically active areas. Taking into account that the most promising are the ionospheric precursors of earthquakes the special attention is devoted to the radiophysical techniques of the ionosphere monitoring. For this purpose, are using different methods such as vertical sounding, in-situ probes, ionosphere tomography, GPS total electron content and GPS Meteorology technologies [24]. Ionospheric variability has become a subject of one of the most intensive studies in the area of ionospheric physics. Regardless of our improved knowledge of the ionosphere dynamics, the day-to-day variability still lies within the framework of statistical estimations and the underlying physical mechanisms are far from being fully understood. Significant deviations from monthly median values are observed from time to time in ionospheric records during completely quiet solar and geophysical conditions and are not fully understood [25].

2. Discussion and recommendations

2. 1. Preparation

Ionosphere phenomena are global in nature and should not be studied only locally. Global maps of the ionosphere should be constructed on the same principles as the google-maps: summation of all data from various sources with different scales and for different heights. Changes in the ionosphere are described by many parameters, each of which should be submitted. Different techniques should clarify the errors in measuring the same phenomena. Free access to the source material will allow enthusiasts to make their conclusions. Only complete, without gaps, the array of data on the correlations of trigger mechanisms of solar activity, the response of the ionosphere and magnetosphere, and seismic activity as a consequence can help to build accurate predictions.

At present, about the high risk of earthquakes it's possible to find out in about 3 days. Preparing is needed in any case, even if the prediction is given with a low probability. A set of actions to simplify the subsequent work in the region of the proposed earthquake or/and tsunami:

- unscheduled replenishment of drinking water, products with long shelf life, pharmacological agents and blood;

- unloading of transport arteries from idle transport, strengthening the pillars of bridges especially to the places of contact with the bottom, creation of new temporary roads and the creation of new, reliable fixed, pontoon crossings over water;

- emergency inspection and repair of electrical, aqueduct, pumping stations, drainage channels and stations of mobile communication;

- increase in the number of ambulances and fire trucks;

- sending some of patients to other hospitals outside the area of the proposed earthquake to increase the number of free places, opening of additional temporary emergency rooms;

- transfer in the area of medical and firefighting or enough large transport helicopters, and the creation of landing sites near hospitals;

- relocation to the area of radiocommunications-aircraft for duplication and unloading of mobile communication networks;

- ordering and delivery to the region elevating construction equipment;

- creating fencing in parking lots.

Recommendations for those people who stayed in the region of increased danger:

- picking of documents on own property, photographing valuables on film camera with evidence of the date (daily newspaper in the frame for example), with the absence of time filming property on the video;

- sticking of the film or scotch on the glass (protection from sharp fragments), additional fixation of furniture from falling;

- regular charging of mobile phone, creation of virtual duplicates of important information;

- purchase of potable water, food long-term storage, activated carbon and first aid staff.

In the case of emergency evacuation need to wear comfortable clothing with a sufficient number of pockets and take documents, money (and jewelery), keys.

2. 2. After the earthquake

In the old times, people panicked from the bad news, nowadays they panic from absence of information. First of all need to restore an uninterrupted mobile communications.

Methods of searching for missing:

- search by mobile phone signals;

- using an infrared camera for search by the heat from the body.

The main factor of strong hitting injuries - it is Pain shock, therefore drunken people easier going through strong damage, even though amount of alcohol does not affect the amount of damage. Doctors should provide medical assistance to victims (at least analgesic), even before them will pull out of the rubble.

If it is not possible to travel on the transport, it is better travel on roller skates.

Only hovercraft can to move rapidly on the destroyed roads. Only aviation can provide rapid delivery of humanitarian relief. Military transport aircrafts - C-130 [26]

An-70 [27]

A-400M [28]

C-17 [29]

can land on ground airfields. In areas even without ground airfields is possible to allocate water area for landing hydroplanes.

Approximately to 4 th day, most people remained under the rubble are dying. Cold dead body is not fixed by infrared camera. Specially trained dogs can found corpses by smell. For relatives-search and identification of the victims is better to use DNA tests. Everyone who wants to leave the dangerous area should have such opportunity. It is necessary to remember that after the tsunami underground water wash out holes in the ground which could be invisible under the asphalt.

2. 3. Accidents at nuclear plants

Technogenic disasters are always complicates the situation.

It is possible to protect from external radiation exposure by decreasing time spent in the danger zone. The plates from lead can to protect from radiation, but it is necessary to know the exact location of the radiation source.

The dose of internal irradiation is formed basically by biologically toxic transuranium elements. Universal effects of radiation exposure are manifested in the form increase the acidity in the tracks of charged particles. As a result, in the irradiated organism is an increase in the number of free radicals [31]. The dose of internal irradiation in direct relation to quantity of radioactive isotopes dissolved in biological liquids. Within 1 h after inhalation, 90% of radionuclides are detected in the digestive tract, while the remaining 10% are absorbed directly into the blood. Enterosorbents on the basic of synthetic active carbons are especially effective to treat the ecological dependent diseases stipulated by accumulation in an organism of heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cd, Ni etc.) and also short- and mid-living radionuclides (¹⁴⁰La, ¹²⁵Te, ¹³¹I, ⁹⁵Zr, ⁹⁵Nb etc.) are appeared in an environment after Chernobyl NPP accident. The use of enterosorbents of this type has allowed realizing preventive maintenance and treatment of staff working in zones of liquidation of catastrophe consequences. At preventive application of enterosorbents (before the beginning and during work) it was possible on the order to reduce a level of radioactive contamination of an organism. In curative variant 10-14 days course of enterosorption in 2-3 times accelerated removal of incorporated radionuclides from an organism. [32]. Relatively rapid radioactive substances are removed from the muscular, nervous tissue and the skin - in the first 5-30 days. Most slowly radio-isotopes leave the bones - for a few months. As sorbents of heavy metals, Zeolites have been used in the liquidation of major accident at Chernobyl [33-35].

2. 4. Elimination of the consequences

Some changes are noninvertible. For example, after a strong earthquake need to make new geological map of cracks, even if they did not appear on the surface. Buildings that turned out above the cracks must be strengthened. Even a weak geological activity can create Electric currents near the surface, therefore above the cracks in the the crust does not need to to build warehouses with flammable materials.

References

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2. S. Odintsov, K. Boyarchuk, K. Georgieva, B. Kirov and D. Atanasov., Long Term Changes and Trends in the Atmosphere., Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C Volume 31, Issues 1-3, 2006, P. 88-93

3. Shumilov, O. I., Kasatkina, E. A., Raspopov, O. M., Turunen, E., Jacoby, G., & Morner, N.A. Influence of Cosmic Ray Intensity Modulated by Solar Activity and Volcanic Eruptions on the Climate. The solar cycle and terrestrial climate, Solar and space weather Euroconference (1 : 2000 : Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Tenerife, Spain) Proceedings of the 1st Solar and Space Weather Euroconference, 25-29 September 2000, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Tenerife, Spain. Edited by A. Wilson. Noordwijk, Netherlands: ESA Publications Division, 2000 xi, 680 p. ESA SP, Vol. 463, ISBN 9290926937, p.547.

4. Gadjiyev Y.A., Dadashev R.M., Sapunov A.G. Periodicity of mud volcanoes eruptions and solar activity. Transactions of Azerbaijani Academy of Science, 1985, v.12, No.11, p.38-42.

5. Ivanov-Kholodniy G.S. Solar activity and geophysical processes. Earth and the Universe. 2000, No.1, p.30-36.

6. Kalinin Y.D. Solar conditionality of days duration change and seismic activity. Krasnoyarsk, Institute of Physics of Siberian Department of USSR Academy of Science, 1974, p.23.

7. V.Y.Khain, E.N.Khalilov. Cycles in geodynamic processes: Their possible nature. Moscow, Scientific World, 2009, 520 p.

8. Lursmanashvili O.V. About possibility of influence of solar activity upon distribution of Caucasian earthquakes. Reports of Georgian Academy of Science, 1972, v.65, No.2, p.309-312.

9. Lyatkher V.M. Variation of seismic regime of Earth under the influence of solar cycle length changes. Earth Physics, 2000, No.10, p.93-96.

10. Mekhtiyev Sh.F., Khalilov E.N. About possibility of detection of connection between volcanic eruptions and solar activity. Volcanology and Seismology, M., No.3, 1985, p.64-67.

11. Valyayev B.M., Telepin M.A., Berejnaya E.A., Vakhtangashvili V.Kh. and others Correlation of mud volcanic activity with solar activity (on example of Akhtal volcano) - Lectures of USSR Academy of Science, 1980, v.255, No.5, geology, p.1204-1207.

12. Sitinskiy A.D. Dependence of Earth seismicity upon solar processes in interplanetary medium and atmosphere. In book Atlas of temporary variations of natural, anthropogenic and social processes. 2nd volume. M., Scientific World, 1998, p.70-72.

13. Tzirel S.V. About possible dependence of volcanic activity upon solar activity. In book Atlas of temporary variations of natural, anthropogenic and social processes. 3rd volume, M., Yanus-K, 2002, p.254-256.

14. Sobolev G.A., Shestopalov I.P., Kharin Y.P. Geoeffective solar flashes and seismic activity of the Earth // Physics of the Earth. 1998. №7, p. 85–90.

15. Rogojin I.P., Shestopalov I.P. Century cycles of seismicity of the Earth and seismic safety of the atomic power station. Nuclear strategy, Moskow, №29, 2007, p.118.

16. Gokov, A.M. Geomagnetic and Seismic Activities Relationship. Microwave & Telecommunication Technology, 2007. CriMiCo 2007. 17th International Crimean Conference Volume , Issue , 10-14 Sept. 2007 Page(s):841 – 842. Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/CRMICO.2007.4368969.

17. Zhang, Gui-Qing. Relationship between global seismicity and solar activities., Acta Seismologica Sinica, Volume 11, 1998, Issue 4, pp.495-500.

18. Wang Zhongrui, Song Feng and Tang Maocang. A Relationship between Solar Activity and Frequency of Natural Disasters in China. Advances in atmospheric scienes. Vol.20, No 6, 2003, PP. 934–939.

19. R.S. Dabas, et al. Ionospheric pre-cursors observed over low latitudes during some of the recent major earthquakes., Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics Volume 69, Issue 15, November 2007, P. 1813-1824

20. N. Borisov V. Chmyrev and S. Rybachek., A new ionospheric mechanism of electromagnetic extremely low frequency (3–3000 Hz) precursors to earthquakes., Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics Volume 63, Issue 1, January 2001, P. 3-10

21. Zhou Yiyana Wu Yuna, Qiao Xuejuna and Zhang Xunxiec., Ionospheric anomalies detected by ground-based GPS before the Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquak of May 12, 2008, China., Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics Volume 71, Issues 8-9, June 2009, P. 959-966

22. Tadanori Ondoh., Ionospheric disturbances associated with great earthquake of Hokkaido southwest coast, Japan of July 12, 1993., Physics of The Earth and Planetary Interiors Volume 105, Issues 3-4, 31 January 1998, P. 261-269

23. Tadanori Ondoh., Seismo-ionospheric phenomena., Advances in Space Research Volume 26, Issue 8, 2000, P. 1267-1272

24. S.A. Pulinets., Space technologies for short-term earthquake warning., Advances in Space Research Volume 37, Issue 4, 2006, P. 643-652

25. S.A. Pulinets., Ionospheric variability unrelated to solar and geomagnetic activity., Advances in Space Research Volume 34, Issue 9, 2004, P. 1926-1933

26. http://www.lockheedmartin.com/products/c130/

27. http://www.antonov.com/products/air/transport/AN-70/

28. http://www.airbusmilitary.com/A400M.aspx

29. http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/military/c17/

30. http://www.antonov.com/products/air/transport/AN-124/

31. L. Gorovoj, V. Danilov,O. Seniuk., Antiradiation pharmacologIcal protection of the «Shelter's» staff., Regulations of Interdisciplinary Scientific and Technical Centre «Shelter», Ukraine

32. M. Kartel, V. Strelko, S. Stavitskaya, V. Mardanenko and L. Kupchik., Combined adsorption preparations from active carbons, clay minerals and natural plant products., Combined and Hybrid Adsorbents, NATO Security through Science Series, 2006

33. A. Yablokov, V. Nesterenko, A. Nesterenko, consulting editor Janette D. Sherman-Nevinger., Chernobyl. Consequences of the Catastrophe for People and the Environment., Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Volume 1181.

34. E. Erdem et al., The removal of heavy metal cations by natural zeolites., Journal of Colloid and Interface Science Volume 280, Issue 2, 15 December 2004, P. 309-314

35. Tarek S. Jamil at.el., Application of zeolite prepared from Egyptian kaolin for removal of heavy metals: I. Optimum conditions., Desalination Volume 258, Issues 1-3, August 2010, P. 34-40

Windows 8 Duo Vista

2012-10-29T04:56:00.001-07:00

Windows 8 Duo Vista

Mine Resistant Ambush Protected

2012-09-19T03:41:00.001-07:00

-->If the explosives were dug, the explosion is directed mainly upwards. Obstacle to the blast wave from the explosion hit passes to the whole structure. This means that the need to to improve the way of explosion safety blast leave only those details of the construction which at separation would not lead to significant damage. Even better that there was no any parts at all in the way of the explosion.

The most important elements of the construction crew cabin and the engine should be at maximum distance from the explosion site. Most of the autonomous mines triggered when pressed, so usually the epicenter of the explosion is under one of the front wheels. Considering the latest generation of armored trucks you can see that not many of them will be able to withstand a violent explosion.

The typical representative of Kamaz Typhoon (Russia's vision of the concept implemented by Mercedes) has a cabin and engine located as close to the front wheel. With the explosion under the front wheel of the shock wave directed precisely at the cabin and the engine.

Something like this what about the KAMAZ model APC, though most of the APCs in the world have a relatively low resistance to the explosion.

Historically seen that the bonnet trucks can at least survive the crew. Usually a shock wave tears off fender above the wheel and severely damages the engine.

When the bonnet arrangement with the hood on the entire width of the vehicle body for a shock wave there is no easy driving obstacles in the form of the fender above the wheel and thus the energy of the explosion be passed the maximum to the body of the truck.

There are arrangement of heavy trucks with a cabin far ahead the front wheel type MZKT. If the cab is integrated with the motor unit and the nothing over the front wheel, it is possible to realize high blast resistance.

On the MZKT where the engine is located above the wheel resistance to explosion is much less because the a shock wave skirting obstacle in the form of motor unit is directed toward the cabin.

The closest analogue of MZKT is BAZ. It has the same problems with blast resistance.

However, resistance to explosion can be significantly improved by removing all unnecessary items in the areas marked in yellow.

After the explosion of a car is very important residual mobility which allows escape from the ambush. An interesting property of the Tatra gear is possibility to keep mobility during the loss of one wheel, even the front.

0

2012-09-08T01:18:00.001-07:00

The new Chinese 5th generation fighter F-60 / J-31 looks like a copy of a Japanese aircraft Mitsubishi ATD-X

2012-09-02T13:06:00.001-07:00

Chinese fighter F-60/j-31 looks like a pirate copy of the aircraft Mitsubishi ATD-X, and most interesting is the zero Japanese reaction on this.

ukraine crisis china position

China sponsoring terrorism in Kharkiv & hide information about Ukraine conflict latest news

Fukushima Daiichi: Chernobyl experience

2012-07-18T14:19:00.000-07:00

Post-Accident Management

Building the Chernobyl "sarcophagus" (object "Shelter") was necessary to reduce emissions of radioactive substances from the fragments 4 reactor. The main reason of problems is the use of temporary structure as permanent [1-2].

Previously in the "clean" area were tested methods of remote connection of large constructions, remote control for concrete pumping equipment, designed a system of television and radio construction control, created special cabins-capsules that allow visually inspect poorly accessible places with the help of cranes. To reducethe overall level of radiation dose was shot and buried radioactive ground, fragments of building constructions and equipment from the area around the reactor, after which the entire area was covered with a layer of gravel and sand thickness of 50 cm and a concrete layer. At this concreting had spent more than 100 000 m³ of concrete. [3]

For building of the Chernobyl sarcophagus been used elements of Block 4 destroyed by reactor explosion. This was done to reduce construction period (6 months). But even this variant required the use of more than 200 000 tons of concrete and more than 10 000 tons of steel. The principal disadvantages of this approach are:

- huge collective dose of radiation exposure obtained by builders and fitters;

- necessity to build new structures very close to destroyed reactor in large radiation fields;

- impossibility to fit exactly to each other large metal structures by using remote installation;

- impossibility to assess residual strength of structures after an explosion and fire;

- large masses of concrete were not included in the designated area because of the

imperfections of remote methods of concreting;

- flow of concrete in the damaged areas have limited access to them;

- impossibility accurate and precise work near a strong source of radiation has led to the main

problem of construction - leakage;

- total cracks area was estimated as 1000 m². [4-8]

Through the holes every year leaks around 2000 m³ of water, which eventually coalesce at rooms of the lower level Block 4. Yearly volumes of condensate at Block 4 is about 1650 m³. The 180 m³/year are the remnants spray for dust suppression. All of this water passes through the debris Block 4 and is going to basement rooms. Every year about 2100 m³ of collected water evaporates, and about 1300 m³ seeps through the foundation at ground under the Block 4 [9].

Water, under the sarcophagus is a source of several kinds of dangers:

- falling on the accumulation of fuel-containing materials, it leads to an increase in the effective neutron multiplication factor in the system;

- water slowly destroys the fuel, and contributes to the uncontrolled movement of radioactivity in the inner rooms and the removal of radionuclides beyond the "Shelter";

- transferring the dissolved salts of enriched uranium, the water can increase the potential danger of a nuclear Object;

- water promotes corrosion destruction of building constructions "Shelter".

- it prevents research to improve the electrical safety of object;

- water violates the normal operation of diagnostic systems. After strong rains have taken place 2 "anomalous" neutron events (significant increase generation of neutrons) recorded by 12 and 16 September 1996. Neutron radiation, which initially increased, after spraying with a solution of gadolinium decreased to usual levels [2].

Carried out in 1995 - 1997 years studies have shown that the main source of water pollution by ⁹⁰Sr are oxidised fuel particles U₃O₈. Their rate of dissolution is much higher than that of the fuel particles UO₂.

In the first moments of the accident takes place the destruction of the fuel tablets of uranium dioxide on grain boundaries. During the Chernobyl accident was found that the over time takes place crushing large particles at a more dangerous form for humans [10-14].

Because of the possibility of the collapse of the "Shelter" and the release of radioactive dust into the environment, under the roof was installed dust suppression system, which periodically spray dust suppression solutions. This system has been in operation since 1990, and during this time it was sprayed over 1000 tons of solutions [15].

After the accident comparable with Chernobyl, finely dispersed solid radioactive substances can penetrate into the constructions at a depth of several cm, and the radioactive water at cement screed, plaster, brick at a depth of 10 cm or more. Repeated treatment of decontamination solutions does not usually lead to lower radiation dose rate to acceptable levels. To reduce the level of radiation, it is necessary to cover the surface by lead.

During the Chernobyl accident, the best medical care was assisted for KGB officers. Techniques of enterosorbtion by zeolite and hemodialysis with activated carbon proved their efficiency for removing of radionuclides from the body. Studies have shown that the amount of radionuclides in the body can be reduced by 3-4 times before they produce significant internal exposure [16-20].

Enough quality, to protect from external radiation and radioactive dust, nowadays have only spacesuits for astronauts. For the work at nuclear power plants are most suitable Hard-shell suits. However, they are very heavy and it is necessary to movement a mobile bigger vehicle for one person.

Among other space-based technology may be useful robot arm for different manipulations.

For fast cutting armature rubble, and welding sections of new constructions is best to use plasma torches. Cracks will be formed in construction in any case. The main task is the localization of cracks. In laminated structures, cracks increase mostly within the layer. It must be a sufficient viscosity of the material to resist earthquakes and radiation embrittlement. Lead is consistent most of the requirements. Supporting function should be assigned on the welded, not removable formwork of stainless steel. All other options require additional corrosion protection, which near the source of radiation is difficult to make. The design should be formed layer by layer of lead and concrete. To prevent the formation and movement of radioactive dust by wind, all external surfaces of buildings must be made of steel. Protective structures of steel and concrete, lead, will have considerable weight, and therefore need more support construction for the roof. Temporarily this function can perform reliably fixed crane. On the crane line, fixing the building, must be mounted dampers for the localization of vibrations during earthquakes. It is necessary to mount geodetic marks which allow to determine the sediment and deformation structures in time. For the isolation of radioactive groundwater is necessary under the base lay several layers of rubber. This is usually made by an underground cutter with large number water cutting nozzles. However, all existing models of such units are small in size and are designed for small depth (few meters). To create the underground layers of rubber or heat-resistant materials under nuclear power plants need to design an exclusive technology.

References

1. USSR State Committee on the Utilisation of Atomic Energy "The Accident at the Chernobyl

NPP and its Consequences" IAEA Post Accident Review Meeting, Vienna, 25-29 August 1986.

2. Official website: Institute of Problems of Safe Development of Nuclear Energy

http://www.ibrae.ac.ru/

3. A.R.Sich. “Chernobyl Accident Management Actions”, Nuclear Safety, Vol.35, N1, Janusry-

June 1994

4. "Policy Statement on Regulation of Nuclear and Radiation Safety of"Shelter "on Chernobyl

nuclear power plant. Approved by the Ministerial Order of 08.04.1998, № 49

5. "Analysis of the current safety of the Shelter and forecasts of the situation. " Ans. Artist

Borovoy A.A. Report of ISTC "Shelter ", arch. № 3836

6. Borovoy A.A., Bogatov S.A., Pazukhin E.M. "The current state of the Shelter and its impact on

the environment" / Radiochemistry. - T.41, № 4, 1999

7. Borovoy A.A., Evstratenko A.S., Krinitsyn A.P. et al "Dynamics of the radiation situation at

the"Shelter" object": - 10 years, the main results of scientific research / National Academy of

Sciences of Ukraine. - Chernobyl, 1996

8. Borovoy A.A., Gorbachev B.I., Evstratenko A.S. et al. "aerosol pollution of the Shelter and

submicron aerosols. Collection " Problems of Chernobyl / ISTC NAS. Issue 15. Chernobyl 2004

9. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT, New Safe Confinement Conceptual Design:

Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant – Unit 4. State Specialised Enterprise Chernobyl Nuclear Power

Plant, Kiev 2003

10. Bar'yakhtar V.G. Biiky A.A. Borovoy A.A., Karasev B.C. Sarcophagus of today and tomorrow

Kiev, 1992. - S. 1 - 19. - Preprint, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences.

11. Description of the "Shelter" and requirements for its transformation: Report IAE them. IV

Kurchatov Complex expedition; VNIPIET. - Chernobyl, 1991

12. Dushin V.N., Petrov, B.F., Pleskachevsky L.A., and G.S. Boykov, Evdokimov I.V., Korostin

I.Y., Naydenov E.G., Prusakov A.G., Sokolov A.M., Ibraimov G.D., Checherov K.P. "Localization of

sources of intense gamma rays and evaluation of fuel in the Central Hall of the 4-th unit of Chernobyl.

" NPO "Radium Institute ", Inv. № 1732 and, Chernobyl in 1992

13. Usatyj A.F. Generalized results of determination of distributions of major gamma radiation

sources in the central hall of the Sarcophagus, recorded by dosimetric cords using EPR sensors. In:

“Sarcophagus Safety’94”. The State of Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Unit 4. Proceedings of an

International Symposium. Zeleney Mys, Ukraine, 14-18 March 1994

14. Borovoi А.А. Analytical Report ( Post- Accident Management of Destroyed Fuel from

Chernobyl ) //IAEA, Work Material, 1990

15. Borovoi А.А., Object "Shelter" Safety Analysis Report 2001

16. Official website: Security Service of Ukraine (In 1986 Ukrainian Department KGB USSR)

http://www.sbu.gov.ua/sbu/control/uk/publish/article?art_id=48991

17. S.V. Mikhalovsky and V.G. Nikolaev Interface Science and Technology., Activated Carbon

Surfaces in Environmental Remediation: Chapter 11 Activated carbons as medical adsorbents V. 7,

2006

18. Patrick J. Faustino et. al. Quantitative determination of cesium binding to ferric

hexacyanoferrate: Prussian blue., Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis V. 47, Issue 1.,

2008

19. M. Kartel, V. Strelko, S. Stavitskaya, V. Mardanenko and L. Kupchik., Combined adsorption

preparations from active carbons, clay minerals and natural plant products., Combined and Hybrid

Adsorbents, NATO Security through Science Series, 2006

20. A. Yablokov, V. Nesterenko, A. Nesterenko, consulting editor Janette D. Sherman-Nevinger.,

Chernobyl. Consequences of the Catastrophe for People and the Environment., Annals of the New

York Academy of Sciences, Volume 1181 4

21. Jungran Yoon, Taeik Ro, Samyol Lee, Shuji Yamamoto and Katsuhei Kobayashi

Measurement of neutron capture cross-section of indium in the energy region from 0.003 eV to 30

keV., Annals of Nuclear Energy V. 29, Issue 10, July 2002

22. Fei Tuo, Fengqun Zhou, Yanling Yi, Xuexiang Cao and Xiangzhong Kong Cross-section

measurements for the reactions of 14 MeV neutrons on indium isotopes., Applied Radiation and

Isotopes V. 64, Issue 8, August 2006

23. J.H. Chao, and A.C. Chiang Activation detection using indium foils for simultaneous

monitoring neutron and photon intensities in a reactor core Radiation Measurements V. 45, Issue 9,

October 2010

24. Yu. V. Petrov and A. I. Shlyakhter The cross section of inelastic neutron acceleration for

indium isomers., Nuclear Physics A V. 292, Issues 1-2, November 1977

25. A. Tartaglione, J.J. Blostein and R.E. Mayer Prompt gamma emissions in the reaction 115

In(n,γ) ¹¹⁶In for neutrons around the 1.45 eV absorption resonance., Applied Radiation and Isotopes

V. 67, Issue 9, September 2009

26. F. Tárkányi, A. Hermanne, B. Király, S. Takács, F. Ditrói, M. Baba and A.V. Ignatyuk

Investigation of activation cross sections of deuteron induced reactions on indium up to 40 MeV for

production of a ¹¹³Sn/^113mIn generator., Applied Radiation and Isotopes V. 69, Issue 1, January 2011

27. T. B. Ryves, J. N. Hunt and J. C. Robertson Neutron capture cross-section measurements for

²³⁸U and ¹¹⁵In Between 150 AND 630 keV., Journal of Nuclear Energy V. 27, Issue 8, August 1973

0

2012-05-28T23:24:00.001-07:00

Snow in south Turkey! Snow in Sahara desert! Do you still believe in global warming?

2012-01-31T09:45:00.004-08:00

6 fails of roskosmos = space shuttle program reopen

2012-01-14T10:35:00.000-08:00

FAIL №1
in December 2010 launch vehicle "Proton-M" buried three navigation satellite "GLONASS-M" in the Pacific Ocean

FAIL №2
in February 2011 Launch vehicle "Rokot" delivered satellite "Geo-IK-2" to the wrong orbit. In June, it was unofficially declared of a total loss the satellite.

FAIL №3
August 18, 2011 carrier rocket "Proton-M" satellite "Express-AM4" was launched from Baikonur, but there was a loss of communication with Earth.

FAIL №4
August 24, 2011 launched a carrier rocket "Soyuz-U" with a cargo vehicle "Progress M-12M", but because of the accident, the third stage propulsion rocket ship was not launched into orbit.

FAIL №5
November 9, 2011 was launched from Baikonur vehicle "Phobos-Grunt", designed to deliver samples of Phobos soil to Earth. However, after separation from the launch vehicle "Zenit" in the machine motors are not logged in, which should bring it to a high reference orbit.

FAIL №6
December 23, 2011 Communication satellite "Meridian", the launch of which took place on Friday from the Plesetsk cosmodrome, failed to take into orbit

The main problem is that Roscosmos provides delivery of the astronauts on the ISS ...

Therefore, the space shuttle program can come back even before the end of the Obama presidency

2011-11-04T18:01:00.000-07:00

CNN reports that a 7.2 earthquake has struck In Turkey, making it the most powerful earthquake to hit the country in ten years.

sometimes it happens...

Вut!

A month before this Geocataclysm-2011

Congress was held... And you will not believe In Turkey and was dedicated to Earthquake prediction!

has not predicted...

I think it was necessary to write it this way "All participants of Geocataclysm-2011 Congress
need send their final paper till 24 October, 2011". Then the predictions would have been successful...

Nature feels better, Without human...

2011-08-30T08:12:00.000-07:00

Photos of Chernobyl and the dead city of Pripyat

preparations for Hurricane Irene...

2011-08-30T07:58:00.000-07:00

Previously I was thinking that the biggest idiocy is a global Warming
But when I saw the preparations for Hurricane Irene...

Before earthquake 11.03.11 in the destruction of Japan were competing various monsters (Mothra, Godzilla) that have become part of the art

2011-08-20T08:38:00.000-07:00

CERAMIC SCULPTURE

Deja vu

2011-08-11T01:59:00.000-07:00

London

Moscow

This terrible accident took place in Donetsk.But the way the vehicles' evacuation was more frightening

2011-08-04T07:53:00.000-07:00

Explosions at Cyprus - Summer heat and incompetence of bureaucrats...

2011-07-12T04:01:00.000-07:00

This is how stored weapons in Russia...

As a result...

Classic artillery shells keep exploding at the ordnance arsenal of the Main Missile and Artillery Directorate of Defense in Udmurtia.

The initial explosion, which triggered the detonation of ammunition and a consequent large fire, occurred on the night of June 3, according to a law enforcement source in the region.

No one knows how ammunition is stored in Cyprus, but as a result...

Cyprus News Agency reported only that there was a fire two containers of gunpowder, which led to explosions in the warehouse where he kept 98 containers. According to recent reports, in explosions 12 people were killed, 30 injured.

fire in arizona today

2011-06-28T05:31:00.000-07:00

Аmong Soviet and post-Soviet fire-fighting equipment, only the gas-water-quenching still is the world's best.

AGVT (ПСУГВТ-200 АГВТ-150 ) car-gas-water quenching, designed to extinguish the oil and gasfountains, as well as fires at the chemical plants. Empirically determined that the greatest effect is the thread in which 54% water and 46% of the exhaust gases.

Сountries that produce such equipment:

Ukraine, Russia, Hungary

Names of manufactured products:

ПСУГВТ-200 АГВТ-150 JFR-250 "The Great Wind"(Hungarian)

Мodernization reserves:

With the help of a jet engine can be fed into the flame an inert gases and pieces of dry ice

Еxtinguishing fires in coal mines harder than еxtinguishing gasfountains. In mines the flames takes a large volume. Stream of carbon dioxide from evaporating dry ice at the bottom of the mine could push out the flame. After successfully fighting a fire in a coal mine may be not enough oxygen for breathing. To continue the rescue operations must be pumped into the mine fresh air with water spray. There are many technologies fire-fighting spraying water in the world. water droplets must be sufficiently dispersed to effectively reduce the temperature. This greatly improves the dampness, and sometimes because of the water film, surfaces become slippery. Sometimes you have to bring sand to sprinkle the slippery surface on your way.
Мust be remembered that prolonged high temperatures ( about 50-60 Celsius degree) in the coal mine - a sign of the future explosion, even if the amount of methane in the normal range.

Quality of the extinguish by water using a jet engine can be estimated from video

This equipment shoot capsules with Fire-extinguishing powder

Ukrainian Firefighting vehicles Impulse-2M

The Russian system of multilateral impulse fire extinguishing "Vetluga"