Digital Circuit

IC Decade Counter 4017 Details

noreply@blogger.com (herdersa) — Mon, 20 May 2013 06:21:00 +0000

IC Decade Counter 4017

IC Decade Counter 4017 - CMOS 4000 series is a family of standard integrated circuits which implement a variety of logic functions using technology Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor, and is still used today. They were introduced by RCA as CD4000 COS / MOS in 1968, as a component with low power usage and a more flexible alternative to the 7400 series TTL logic chips.

While IC IC 4017 is a 16-pin CMOS decade counter CMOS 4000 series ICs. It takes input clock pulse at clock pin input and will make one of the ten pin output to "turn on / off" in sequence at each clock pulse changes.

Example of a simple circuit of ic 4017 is to create a series of "running LED" or LED running:

Example of a simple circuit of ic 4017

7 Segment Display + Digital Dice with IC 4026

noreply@blogger.com (herdersa) — Sat, 18 May 2013 05:01:00 +0000

7 Segment Display + Digital Dice with IC 4026 -

Composite Materials:

1. IC 555
2. IC 4026
3. 10k ohm resistor (1buah), 100Kohm (1 piece) or replaced with a potentiometer 100k ohms, 220 ohms (7 pieces if necessary)
4. 10 uF capacitor (1 piece)
5. Button press / push button
6. 4.5V battery
7. Jumper cables sufficiently

7 Segment Display + Digital Dice with IC 4026 Image

Assemble steps to Breadboard:

After stringing understand 555 experimental trials this time it will be easy just follow the schematic drawing shown earlier, and results in the breadboard like this:
Pushbutton has 4 feet where there are 2 pieces that connect pairs of legs.
If the battery voltage exceeds 6V, then 7 before going to the 220 ohm resistor required segment or more. If using 4.5 V resistor can not be used.
Play-turn potentiometer to obtain the desired rate of addition of digits.
If speed digit changes very quickly, then the circuit can be used as "ELECTRONIC DICE". So when the button is pressed it will stop the numbers digit number we do not expect before.

There is info of 7 Segment Display + Digital Dice with IC 4026

Some Type of Resistors

noreply@blogger.com (herdersa) — Tue, 29 Nov 2011 02:36:00 +0000

Much types of Resistors, is the most commonly used of all electronic components. There are different types of resistors are available with their primary function is to limit the current through the electrical circuit and to lower the voltage. Resistors are "Passive Components", which does not
contain a source of strength / reinforcement, but only weaken or reduce the signal voltage there are past them. When used in circuits generated DC Drop Voltage terminal was measured in both legs.

Resistor produces a voltage drop when an electric current flowing through it in accordance with Ohm's Law, with different values on each of resistor produces different values of currents or voltages. This is very useful in electronic circuitry to control or reduce both current and voltage generated after flowing through it.

There are different type of resistors and manufactured in various forms because of certain characteristics and accuracy in accordance with the specific application fields, such as the High Stability, High Voltage, High Current, etc., or used as general purpose resistors where their characteristics are less of a problem. Some common characteristics associated with low resistor such as; Temperature Coefficient, Coefficient Voltage, Noise, Frequency Response, Power and Temperature Rating, Physical Size and Reliability.

On all Electrical and Electronic Resistors circuit illustrated with a line that "zig-zag" with the inclusion of the value in units of Ohms, Ω.

1. Carbon Composition Resistors - Made from carbon powder for low power / small watts.

Carbon Resistors is the Composite Resistors that most common for use in the use of any electronic circuit common and is considered the most expensive resistors. It's resistive element is made from a mixture of carbon powder or carbon graphite (like pencil leads) with ceramic (clay). The ratio of carbon to determine the overall value of resistive ceramic mixture and the higher this ratio the lower the resistance value. The mixture is then formed into a cylindrical shape and metal wire / conductor attached to each end, to provide electrical connections before the outside is coated with insulating material and color-coded signs.

Carbon Composite Resistors have a low to medium power with a low inductance which makes it ideal for high frequency applications, but has a weakness at the level of noise (high noise) and less stable in hot conditions. Identification of carbon composite resistors are prefixed with "CR" (eg CR10kΩ) and is available in Path E6 (± 20% tolerance), Panorama of E12 (± 10% tolerance) and the Panorama of E24 (± 5% & ± 2% tolerance) resistor type generally it has a power of 0.125 or 1 / 4 Watt to 2 Watt.

2. Metal Film Resistors or cermets resistors - Made of conductive metal oxide paste, for very low power

"Film Resistors" consists of Metal Film, Carbon Film and Metal Oxide Films, which is typically made by depositing a pure metal coating, such as nickel, or oxide films, such as tin-oxide, the ceramic insulator rods or substrate. Resistive value of resistor is lowered by the thickness of the film were then given a helical groove by using laser light. This raises the effect of increasing the resistance because the conductive layer or a helical cut in the same result by wrapping the wire in coil form. This manufacturing method allows for the resistors of this type has a higher accuracy than the Carbon Resistor.

Metal Film Resistors have a much better temperature stability than carbon resistors are equal in size the level of noise / low noise and generally better for high frequency or radio frequency applications. Metal Oxide Resistors better capability in high waves with a much higher temperature capability than equivalent metal film resistors. Other types of film resistors is commonly known as the Thick Film Resistors made by superimposing a thicker conductive paste of ceramic and metal, called cermet, the alumina ceramic substrate. Such resistors are used in the manufacture of small electronic circuits such as in the manufacture of PCBs for Calculator, mobile phones and computer peripherals devices la. Has a temperature stability, low noise, and the proper voltage. Metal Film Resistors begins with the notation "MFR" (eg MFR100kΩ) and CF for Carbon Film types. Metal film resistors are available in the trajectory E24 (± 5% & ± 2% tolerance), E96 (± 1% tolerance) and E192 (± 0.5%, ± 0.25% & ± 0.1% tolerance) with the power of 0, 05 (1 / 20) Watt up to 1 / 2 Watt. In general, precision film resistors are low power components.

3. Wire Wound Resistors - With a metallic body as a heat absorbers, have a very high value of watts

Other types of resistors, wire wound resistors are called, are made by winding a thin wire metal alloy (Nichrome) or wire type of to ceramic insulators in the form of a spiral helix that is similar to Film Resistors. Resistors of this type are generally only available Ohm very low with high precision (from 0.01 to 100kΩ). These resistors are widely used in the instrument gauges on a Whetstone bridge circuit. This resistor also able to handle the electrical current is much higher than others with Ohm resistor the same value with a power rating of more than 300 Watts. Resistors of this type are called "Chassis Mounted Resistors". They are designed to be physically mounted on a heatsink or metal plate to further remove the heat generated thereby enhancing the ability of a current greater.

Wire wound resistor of this type begins with the notation "WH" or "W" (for example; WH10Ω) and are available in packs Aluminum Cladded (WH) with accuracy (± 1%, ± 2%, ± 5% & ± 10% tolerance) or the vitreous Enamelled W package (± 1%, ± 2% & ± 5% tolerance) with 1W power up to 300W or more

4. Semiconductor Resistors - Resistors for working at high frequency and precision.

That's some type of resistors are widely used in everyday life, especially in the electronics field.

What is LDR or Light Dependent Resistor

noreply@blogger.com (herdersa) — Fri, 25 Nov 2011 12:34:00 +0000

Light Dependent Resistor or LDR is a resistor that changes its resistance due to the intensity of light absorbed. LDR is also a resistor having a negative temperature coefficient, where the resistance is affected by light intensity.
LDR or Light Dependent Resistor formed from cadium Sulfied (CDS) generated from ceramic powders.

In general, CDS also called conductive photo equipment, as long as the conductivity or resistance of CDS varies with light intensity. If the received light intensity is high then the barriers will also result in a high-voltage out also to be high and vice versa if the voltage is low. This is where the mechanism of the process of changing light into electricity occurs.

What is LDR or Light Dependent Resistor

CDS does not have the same sensitivity at each wavelength from ultraviolet up to infrared. This is called the characteristic spectrum and the response given by the manufacturer. CDS are widely used in planning a series of alternating (AC) compared with photo transistors and photo diodes.

Function of IC LM35 and How It Works

noreply@blogger.com (herdersa) — Fri, 25 Nov 2011 11:35:00 +0000

Do you looking for the function of IC LM35 ? The works of IC LM 35 typically serves as a temperature sensor. IC LM 35 is packaged in the form of integrate circuit which prisoners rates is a function of temperature, the temperature will cause a change of IC LM 35.

Heat energy from the electrodes will cause the IC LM 35 temperature changes that subsequently alter rates prisoners, the characteristics of this sensor is linear to temperature changes means that, if the temperature changes that tend to increase the temperature of the IC will also rise, as well as if the temperature falls.

Images and physical shape of IC LM35

The voltage output from these sensors is ± 10 mu/0C every 10C temperature rise and the largest range of temperatures - 550C to 1150C.

Circuit of Simple Temperature Detector

noreply@blogger.com (herdersa) — Sat, 12 Nov 2011 00:00:00 +0000

This is an explanation about circuit of simple temperature detector. In many ways, the development of science and technology is getting easier for human activities (especially those who are ready to receive it), the various creations of human creativity in any variety of small things to things that are not small.

create excessive heat detection circuit of an object (could be: water, body temperature, etc.) using a very simple circuit.

This Image of Simplified Circuit Temperature Detector

The circuit consists of:

Temperature sensor (thermistor or the like)
potentiometer 10 K
741 Op Amp
resistor
output: Bi Color Led

Explanation The Circuit

as an automatic switch we use a voltage divider between the thermistor and potentiometer (to set accuracy) and the incoming voltage from the voltage divider had entered the LM 741 op amp and output from the LED will change color automatically.
note: the output can be replaced by buzzer

when heat temperature

when cold temperatures

That's the circuit of simple temperature detector , this circuit can be used to detect your health, good healthy living ( vida sana ).

Preamplifier Microphone with 2 Transistor

noreply@blogger.com (herdersa) — Tue, 19 Jul 2011 01:41:00 +0000

Microphone preamplifier or often known as mic preamp can be made use simplemicrophone preamplifier circuit as follows. 2 microphone preamplifier circuit uses 2transistors are PNP and NPN transitor amplifier.

Front of the microphone amplifier orpreamplifier microphone 2 transistor uses a system of dc negative feedback through R6which serves to provide stability strengthening. Level output signal from the microphonepreamplifier is controlled by potentiometer P1. Input signal that can be responded well by this microphone preamplifier is 0.2 - 200mV and 1V RMS output will result.

   Component List      P1 2k2
     R1, R2, R3 100K 1/4W
     R4 8K2 1/4W
     R5 68R 1/4W
     R6 6K8 1/4W
     R7, R8 1K 1/4W
     R9 150R 1/4W
     C1 1uF 63V
     C2, C3, C4 100uF 25V
     C5 22uF 25V
     Q1 BC560C
     Q2 BC550C

Microphone preamplifier circuit two transistors in the show above is preampmic suitable for home audio system on the stereo. This microphone preamplifier circuit requires supply voltages 9Vdc.

Power supply using tube Z2C

noreply@blogger.com (herdersa) — Wed, 29 Jun 2011 17:51:00 +0000

Power supply using tube Z2C are designed specifically to provide power supply voltage to the EL-34 tube amplifier push-pull in the previous article. Power supply with Z2C tube to tube power amplifier is made with a tube rectifier Z2C.
Just as the power supply for power amplifier tubes previously, the power supply is also using a filter with 3 levels of electrolytic capacitors. The circuit power supply with tube rectifier can deliver Z2C +210 VDC output voltage.

Z2C on the rectifier tube in power supply with tube above requires a supply voltage for the filaments taken from the other side of the transformer secondary. Z2C tube power supply with a power supply that is used as a substitute DAPT power supply for power amplifier tubes with a diode

Compass direction magnetic sensors

noreply@blogger.com (herdersa) — Tue, 14 Jun 2011 12:32:00 +0000

Compass is a tool for navigation for a direction, a direction in this article referred to is the magnetic module CMPS03 Compass. Magnetic Compass Module CMPS03 often used in making robots in the contest KRCI.

Magnetic Compass Module Functions in the contest KRCI CMPS03 usually to provide a reference where the robots are in position and lead anywhere, then the position and direction provided by the Magnetic Compass Module CMPS03 such as references to the next robot motion. Magnetic Compass Module uses I2C data communication lines to mirocontroler. With the I2C data communication lines from this CMPS03 this module can be connected directly to a microcontroller that support with I2C data communication channels such as the AVR ATMega. Magnetic Compass Module CMPS03 require 5 V voltage with 15mA current.

Magnetic Compass CPMS03

PWM Controler With Ic 555

noreply@blogger.com (herdersa) — Tue, 14 Jun 2011 12:01:00 +0000

IC Timer 555 has a basic PWM controller with pulse width control feature 0 .. 100% which is controlled using the R1, at the time of controlling the oscillator frequency relatively stabi so it may be used to build the Simple PWM controller. Frequency of Simple PWM controller 555 depending on the value of R1 and C1, values shown R1 and C1 will form the output with a frequency of 170 to 200 Hz. Diode-diode used in the Simple PWM controller With this 555 can use a 1N4148.

Click Image for full size

R2, R3 and C3 form a giver triger circuit beginning at the reset IC 555 for 2 seconds. If you want to use a series of Simple PWM controller 555 with the V + not +12 V, it does not matter to raise R2 where (V + * R2) / (R2 + R3) is about 2, because it limits the signal level reset is 0.5 .. 1V. If you do not do that, then signal the kickstart to get too close to the limit reset signal reception.

Q output of 555 on the Simple PWM controller circuit 555 is used for driver PWM pulse, so that the discharge pin is used for transistor output driver instead. This is an open collector output, and is used as an active signal is low, so it can work. D3 protects the output transistor of the load induction. You may replace any suitable transistors for Q1, BD140 is 1.5 amps.

C4 and C5 is the power decoupling capacitor for the IC 555 on the Simple PWM controller circuit 555, which produce relatively large level of push-pull output stage.

Circuit Serial To LCD

noreply@blogger.com (herdersa) — Sun, 12 Jun 2011 04:16:00 +0000

In making an electronic device using a microcontroller, we often faced with shortages in ports for line I / O or LCD viewer. In the article series LCD with 74HC595 Serial To this there is a solution to overcome the lack of ports or pins of the microcontroller is to convert the parallel bus system such as the LCD into a serial sequence To Serial LCD with 74HC595 this. The series of LCD Serial To change the system of parallel bus into a serial LCD IC 74HC595 premises. 74HC595 IC on circuit Serial To this LCD is a digital IC that it functions as a serial to parallel shift register is equipped with a latch. With the functions of the IC 74HC595 parallel LCD bus system in enter in great numbers have turned into a serial of microcontroller and be a series of Serial LCD with 74HC595 for this. Now with a range Serial To LCD with 74HC595 for the microcontroller is expected no more stories lack the pin / port of the microcontroller in the manufacture of electronics equipment.

Click Image for full display

Circuit Serial Line For LCD with 74HC595

Clock as input clock of the microcontroller

Data as input data for the LCD display

Enable is the read data selector LCD mode or Disable

LED light path to control the LCD background

Potensimeter on the LCD serves to adjust the brightness of LCD display

Magnetic Detector

noreply@blogger.com (herdersa) — Sun, 12 Jun 2011 03:44:00 +0000

Magnetic switch is a circuit which can respond to magnetic fields that were around the sensor. The series of magnetic switches uses sensors in the form of limit switches that provide an additional metal plate that can respond to a magnet. Magnetic switch circuit is made with an NE555 monostable multivibrator and a flip-flop togle from IC CD4013. The series of magnetic switches uses 12VDC supply voltage and the magnetic circuit is mounted indicator switch which serves to give a signal when the sensors respond to magnetic fields using the LED D1.

Click Image for full image

If the limit switches (sensors), active (connected) then it will get multivibrator NE555 triger signal and provides output pulses to be used to provide input signals to the flip-flop togle Relay K1 and active. Then when the sensors (limit switches respond to the magnetic field again, the multivibrator will give togle pulse as input to the flip-flop relay K1 and non-active.

noreply@blogger.com (herdersa) — Sun, 12 Jun 2011 03:11:00 +0000

Sensor Ultraviolet UV Tron

noreply@blogger.com (herdersa) — Sat, 11 Jun 2011 02:17:00 +0000

Sensor Ultraviolet UV Tron is a flame sensor which is often used to detect the presence of sources of ignition under ultraviolet wave emitted by the fire. UV Sensor UV Tron can be applied with a microcontroller, such as ultraviolet UV Tron sensor is used for detecting the source of the fire on the robot in a firefighting robot contest.

Tron UV ultraviolet sensor accuracy is very high against the existence of sources of fire, so it is suitable for the purpose of fire fighting robot contest that a small fire source in the form of wax.

Amplifier uses IC TDA7375A

noreply@blogger.com (herdersa) — Sat, 11 Jun 2011 02:11:00 +0000

4 channel amplifier uses an IC TDA7375A and capable of producing power 18watt output for each channel. TDA7375A amplifier circuit can be used to make 2 channel stereo configuration is often applied to sound systems in cars. That is 1 channel stereo for the front and 1 channel stereo for the the rear. Source voltage needed for this amplifier is a 12VDC-15VDC. Amplifier circuit with IC TDA 7375A is very simple and easy to make.

Click image for full image

For more details can seen in the image circuit four channel amplifier TDA7375A follows.
Fund manager for the series 4 channel amplifier TDA7375A it can make use of the equalizer or tone controls. To manufacture ICs need to be considered cooling for IC TDA7375A because it will remove the heat.

Symmetrical Power Supply LM317/337 Variable

noreply@blogger.com (herdersa) — Fri, 10 Jun 2011 02:27:00 +0000

Symmetrical Power Supply LM317/337 Variable is circuit symmetrical power supply with output voltage output that can be set (adjustment). Circuit of symmetrical power supply LM317/337 variable uses variable DC regulator LM317 to regulator positive and negative voltage regulator LM37 variable for negative voltage regulator. Symmetrical Power Supply series LM317/337 Variables can be used to provide the source voltage with maximum current 1A.

In the application field can be mounted voltmeters at each point its output to ease in setting the output voltage level circuit Symmetrical Variable Power Supply LM317/337 this.

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Circuit of symmetrical power supply LM317/337 variable using input source voltage of 18V AC 18V CT transformer CT. To set a positive voltage level can be done by adjusting the potentiometer 25K at the LM317 regulator and to regulate the negative voltage level carried out by adjusting the potentiometer 25K at the LM337 negative voltage regulator.

UPS Power Supply

noreply@blogger.com (herdersa) — Fri, 10 Jun 2011 02:12:00 +0000

UPS Power Supply circuit can be use for regulated and unregulated voltages with different regulators and batteries. For 15-volt regulated supply tariffs to use two 12 volt batteries in series and the 7815 controller. There are a lot of flexibility in the circuit.

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TR1 has a primary power supply is 240 volts local UK. The secondary winding must be rated at least 12 volts at 2 amps, but may be higher, eg 15 volts. FS1 is a slow type, and protects against short circuits at the end, or even a defective cell in a rechargeable battery. LED 1 lights up only when power is present, with a power failure LED turns off and the output voltage is maintained by the battery. The circuit below simulates a working circuit with mains power applied:

Between terminals VP1 and VP3 nominal unregulated food is available and a source of 5 volt regulated power between VP1 and VP2. The resistance R1 and D1 are the way of battery B1. D1 and D3 avoid LED1 lights in a position to have. The battery is designed for trickle charging, the charging current is defined as follows: -

(VP5 - 0.6) / R1

when VP5 is not regulated DC supply voltage.

D2 is included in the circuit, without the D2 would be free of any voltage battery power, without the current restrictions, which could cause damage and overheating of some rechargeable batteries.

PWM Motor Controller

noreply@blogger.com (herdersa) — Thu, 09 Jun 2011 07:28:00 +0000

PWM Motor Controller With Forward And Reverse is circuit controllers for DC motors controlled by PWM technique . The series PWM Motor Controller With Forward And Reverse It can control the DC motor rotation direction. Speed control by PWM technique through MOSFETs Q1 IRF150. Then to play with the directional control relay which is controlled by Q10 using control signals in the form of logic 0 and 1. The series PWM Motor Controller With Forward And Reverse It requires 12 VDC supply voltage.

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Circuit PWM Motor Controller With Forward And Reverse the above can be used to control large DC motor with maximum current consumption 10A.

Power Supply with Z2C Tubes

noreply@blogger.com (herdersa) — Thu, 09 Jun 2011 06:59:00 +0000

Power supply with Z2C tubes are designed specifically to provide power supply voltage to the EL-34 tube amplifier push-pull in the previous article. Power supply with Z2C tube to tube power amplifier is made with a tube rectifier Z2C. Just as the power supply for power amplifier tube before, the power supply is also using 3-level filter with electrolytic capacitors. Circuit power supply with tube rectifier Z2C can give +210 VDC output voltage.

Power supply with Z2C tube is a power supply that can be used as a replacement power supply for power amplifier with a diode tube

Stereo Power Amplifier STA550

noreply@blogger.com (herdersa) — Wed, 08 Jun 2011 13:32:00 +0000

Stereo Power Amplifier 2x70Watt STA550 is chip audio power with BASH concept that can be connected with digital devices. 2x70Watt STA550 Stereo Power Amplifier is an amplifier with BTL system with symmetrical power supply with ground. Power amplifier STA550 uses power output transistor which is on the chip and is set to produce a high efficiency audio power. Power output on the STA550 is using the system without copling ac bridge (direct) and zero offset.

Strengthening of the STA550 from stereo power amplifier is +12 dB. 2x70Watt STA550 Stereo Power Amplifier is equipped with temperature sensors for protection from overheating and current-limiting protection system for power amplifier. 2x70Watt STA550 Stereo Power Amplifier is equipped with standby and mute controls to regulate silent or active mode power amplifier.

Click image for full image

Feature :

Monochip Bridge Stereo Amplifier with Bash ® Architecture

55 +55 w Output Power @ Rl = 4 / 8 W, THD = 0.5%

70 +70 w Output Power @ Rl = 4 / 8 W, THD = 10%

High Dynamic preamplifier Input Stages

Programmable External Feedback Type Compressors

AC Coupled Input Output Bridge To Class Ab Amplifier

Precision Rectifiers To Drive The Digital Converter

Proportional Over Power Output Current Limit To The Digital Converter

Absolute Power Transistor Bridge Output Power Protection

Absolute Output Current Limit

Integrated Thermal Protection

Power Supply Over-Voltage Protection Flexiwatt With 27 Pin Power Package

Bash ® Licence Required

Audio Mixer With FET

noreply@blogger.com (herdersa) — Wed, 08 Jun 2011 13:19:00 +0000

Audio Mixer With FET is a very simple audio mixer. Simple Audio Mixer With this FET circuit is Used for mixing (mixing) 2 channel audio signal. Image circuit the Simple Audio Mixer With a FET on this page is a sample output for 1 channel only, if Want to stay a stereo system to make two pieces of circuit Simple Audio Mixer With this FET.

This circuit cans mix the audio signals over two channels, that is by adding a circuit of inputs.

R1,R3 = VR 10K
R2,R4 = 100K
R5 = 6,8K
C1,C2,C3 = 0,1uF
Q1 = 2N3819 JFET

To add a channels by adding forward series of the Simple Audio Mixer With this FET. The circuit can be operated with a voltage source of 9 VDC.

Wind Meter Anemometer

noreply@blogger.com (herdersa) — Wed, 08 Jun 2011 02:45:00 +0000

This is series of simple wind gauge (anemometer). This circuit can measure wind speeds up to 75m / s using this circuit.

Transistors Q1 and Q2 are used to feel the wind.Thermal impedance between the transistor and
the surrounding wind velocity used here. Transistors Q1 and Q2 are wired so that a higher VCE of Q1 from Q2 and therefore there will be a higher power dissipation. The wind causes the cooling so that Q1 VCE of changes. Ended at different power dissipations and different voltages R10. Variations to produce Vout which is proportional to wind speed. For still air will Vout 0V and at 75m / s wind speed will Vout 2.5V. A voltmeter FSD 3V Vout connect through the terminal and ground can be used as a screen.

Click image for full image

To work properly, air must pass through the two transistors (Q1 and Q2).

Resistors are not used are standard values. So, you should use a combination (serial or parallel) resistors to achieve certain values.

Seven Segment 4 Digit

noreply@blogger.com (herdersa) — Tue, 07 Jun 2011 17:55:00 +0000

Seven segment 4 Digit display Multiplex in electronic device applications is drain port a micro controller or data point that will be on display, especially if the data to be displayed more than 1 digit. necessary path to control the resources of each 7 segment and the path to input data on the 7 segment. Circuit 7 Segment 4 Digit Multiplex is a way to save the port or micro controller data path that will be displayed. Series Display 7 Segment 4 Digit Multiplex uses BCD to 7 segment decoder 74LS247 BCD to encode data from the data that will be displayed, then for each resource viewer 7 segment using the set of transistors as electronic switches. Current flowing in the viewer in a series of 7 segment Display 7 Segment 4 Digit Multiplex is in limiting use yag resistor in series pairs in each collector transistor.

Resistors are mounted in series of LED is used as a barrier for current flow that flows through the LED does not exceed the maximum allowable, current that is equal to 20 mA.

Traffic Lamps Circuit

noreply@blogger.com (herdersa) — Tue, 07 Jun 2011 06:31:00 +0000

Traffic lamps circuit controls 6 units LEDs (red, yellow, green). Time sequence followed CD4017 CMOS IC as a decade counter and NE 555 timer IC. counter output 1 to 4 using 4 diodes so that the (red-north / south) and (green) 4 LED is the first timers. counter to 5 (foot 10) turn (yellow) and (red). The counter 6 to 9 is also controlled by the 4 diodes (red and yellow). The time period for the red and green LED 4 times longer than the yellow LED. To adjust the speed by varying the 47K ohm resistor value. Eighth zener diode 4148 is divided into two parts and each got 4 input OR gate of IC CD 4017.

Component of traffic lamps Circuit :

- 4017 1 IC CD
- IC 555 NE 1
- red LED 2
- Yellow LED 2
- 2 green LEDs
- Jumper link
- Transistor C 9016 4
- 4148 8 zener diode
- 2 180-ohm resistor
- 1 47Kohm Resistor
- Resistor 1Kohm 1
- electrolit condensator a 10uf 50V

Automatic lamps with photocell

noreply@blogger.com (herdersa) — Tue, 07 Jun 2011 01:24:00 +0000

This is a photocell circuit for detecting the light intensity. At full light the resistance of the photocell will be few ten ohms and at darkness it will rise to several hundred ohms. IC1 Op amp uA741 is wired as a comparator here. At darkness the resistance of photocell increases and so the voltage at the inverting input of the IC1 will be less than the reference voltage at the non inverting input. The output of the IC1 goes to positive saturation and it switches ON the transistor to activate the relay. By this way the lamp connected through the relay contact glows. The diode D1 works as a freewheeling diode.

A light sensor (photo detector) that varies its resistance between its two terminals based on the amount of photons (light) it receives. Used for photographic light meters, automatic on-at-dusk street lights and other light-sensitive applications, it is also called a “light dependent resistor” (LDR) and “photo resistor.”

The photocell’s semiconductor material is typically cadmium sulfide (CdS), but other elements are also used. Photocells and photo diodes are used for similar applications; however, the photocell passes current bi-directionally, whereas the photo diode is unidirectional.