tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1858980362525653686Sun, 28 Jun 2026 06:53:39 +0000ATATXhardwareBTXBridgeClamperClamper pictureCrimping MethodLANMOLEXPATASATATopologyUTP/STPapplicationbrouterbus/ring/star/mesh topologieshardwarelesson2hubmotherboardsnetworknetwork Cablenetwork adaptersnetworkingoperating systempeer-to-peer networkphysical/logical topologyrepeatersresourcesrouterserver/client networksharingsharing methodsoftwarestpswitchtypes of LANutilityutpwirelessComputer Lessons and Updateshttp://cityoftechnology.blogspot.com/noreply@blogger.com (Unknown)Blogger52125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1858980362525653686.post-5551912688044709210Fri, 09 Mar 2012 14:21:00 +00002012-03-09T08:03:09.098-08:00sharing methodSharing ResourcesIn order to access a remote computers and it's resources, we need to enable sharing on that particular computer. To share any files/directory we need to set a share name and share permission.Sharing (Method-1)Right click on any folder that you want the share \ then select Sharing security. <!--[endif]--><!---->http://cityoftechnology.blogspot.com/2012/03/workgroup-networking-lesson-5-sharing.htmlnoreply@blogger.com (Unknown)1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1858980362525653686.post-1715808383513267234Thu, 01 Mar 2012 16:53:00 +00002012-03-01T09:06:47.197-08:00The following sections list a series of common networking problems along with solutions that can usually set things right again.<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />1. Problem: We cannot ping any computers in the network why?àSolution :By default the Windows Firewall is enabled in windows and this should be disabled in a workgroup network or else computers http://cityoftechnology.blogspot.com/2012/03/workgroup-networking-lesson4.htmlnoreply@blogger.com (Unknown)0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1858980362525653686.post-682965980189566018Thu, 01 Mar 2012 16:41:00 +00002012-03-01T08:53:16.959-08:00Trouble shooting Network<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />PING commandThis is a DOS command, used to check connections between all computers in the network.Go to the Run then type cmdC:\&gt;ping 192.168.1.1C:\&gt;ping 192.168.1.2C:\&gt;ping 192.168.1.3Example: ping ipaddressofremotecomputerPing 192.168.100.4-If message is given reply four times it means http://cityoftechnology.blogspot.com/2012/03/workgroup-networking-lesson3-trouble.htmlnoreply@blogger.com (Unknown)0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1858980362525653686.post-4620529259355857997Thu, 01 Mar 2012 16:21:00 +00002012-03-01T08:42:54.922-08:00Important Setting For IP address1. In local area connection properties list, the following must always be selected.<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />ü Client for Microsoft networksü File and printer sharingü Internet protocol2. Windows firewall must be turned off. (Control panel)3. All computers must have same network id. 4. Every computer must have http://cityoftechnology.blogspot.com/2012/03/workgroup-networking-lesson2.htmlnoreply@blogger.com (Unknown)0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1858980362525653686.post-3087876356961441164Thu, 01 Mar 2012 15:20:00 +00002012-03-01T08:18:17.193-08:00Requirement for Workgroup Networking:Required Steps:<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />1. Setting workgroup name. (Workgroup name must be same in all computers.)2. Setting an IP address. (must be different in all computers)3. (Optional) Sharing Files and folder. 4. (Optional) Check Network using Ping command. 5. (Optional) Chatting through DOS using net http://cityoftechnology.blogspot.com/2012/03/workgroup-networking-lesson1.htmlnoreply@blogger.com (Unknown)0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1858980362525653686.post-7946059857093832221Mon, 20 Feb 2012 00:33:00 +00002012-02-19T17:22:52.959-08:00This is the simple but secret method of hiding any files and folder using BAT extension. We will create 2 bat files hide.bat and unhide.bat Just copy the following codes:Step 1.Open notepad then paste the following codes save as hide.bat(note:you can save it to any name but extension must be .bat)attrib +h +a +s *.*attrib -h -a -s unhide.batStep 2Open note pad, paste following codes save as http://cityoftechnology.blogspot.com/2012/02/one-click-secret-method-of-hiding.htmlnoreply@blogger.com (Unknown)1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1858980362525653686.post-4169693672547719948Sat, 18 Feb 2012 03:54:00 +00002012-02-17T20:06:02.962-08:00IP address: (Internet Protocol)· This is also known as logical address.· IP address allows operating system to be able to communicate with each other.· For a computer to be able to function in the network it must be installed with a network card and must be set with a proper IP address.IP address can be set in two ways:-1. Statically (Manually)2. Dynamically (Automatically through a DHCP server)http://cityoftechnology.blogspot.com/2012/02/what-is-mac-addresss.htmlnoreply@blogger.com (Unknown)1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1858980362525653686.post-3019688868363521314Mon, 13 Feb 2012 10:15:00 +00002012-02-13T02:20:01.998-08:00Clamper picturehttp://cityoftechnology.blogspot.com/2012/02/picture-of-clamper.htmlnoreply@blogger.com (Unknown)0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1858980362525653686.post-3229872317775884965Mon, 13 Feb 2012 10:10:00 +00002012-02-13T02:21:05.327-08:00 Crossover Crimping: This is used when connecting similar devices to together. For example:o <!--[endif]-->Computer to computer when creating a network between 2 computers, <!--[if !supportLists]-->o <!--[endif]-->Hub to Hub when up linking two hubs together, http://cityoftechnology.blogspot.com/2012/02/cross-over-crimping.htmlnoreply@blogger.com (Unknown)5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1858980362525653686.post-9166338991656308881Mon, 13 Feb 2012 09:33:00 +00002012-02-13T02:17:55.387-08:00ClamperCrimping MethodUTP/STPWhat is Crimping?Crimping is the process of installing the RJ-45 connectors at the ends of the UTP/STP cables. Crimping can be done using two standards method.1. Straight Through2. Cross Over CrimpingWhat are the Requirements?a) UTP/STP cables ( CAT 5e/CAT6 as required FOR MORE INFORMATION CHECK PREVIOUS LESSON)b) Connector RJ45c) Clamper1. <!--[endif]-->Straight Through: This is used when http://cityoftechnology.blogspot.com/2012/02/what-is-crimping.htmlnoreply@blogger.com (Unknown)2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1858980362525653686.post-5686218283469000401Thu, 09 Feb 2012 05:49:00 +00002012-02-13T02:22:05.118-08:00network CablestputpThere are 3 types of cables used in Networking;Coaxial cable (RG-8/ RG-58)Twisted Pair Cable (UTP/STP)Fiber Optic1. Coaxial cable (RG-8/ RG-58)　There are 2 types of coaxial cables, RG-8 (Thick Net) and RG-58(Thin Net). These were used in physical Bus network.RG-8:It had a thick outer coating and was resistant to EMI.But it was difficult to setup because the outer coating made it less flexible.It http://cityoftechnology.blogspot.com/2012/02/network-cables.htmlnoreply@blogger.com (Unknown)3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1858980362525653686.post-6892531998651792067Thu, 09 Feb 2012 05:43:00 +00002012-02-11T06:57:34.470-08:00This is the network that functions at the speed of 1000 mbps or 1 GbpsA. 1000 Base TX Specifications Physical Topology : STAR Logical topology : BUS Cables : UTP CAT-6 Connectors : RJ-45 Max. Distance : 100 metres (HUB to Computer) Max.Computers : 1024 per HUBB. 1000 Base FX Specifications Physical Topology : STAR Logical topology : BUS Cables : Fiber Optic Connectors : ST Max. http://cityoftechnology.blogspot.com/2012/02/3-gigabit-ethernet.htmlnoreply@blogger.com (Unknown)1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1858980362525653686.post-405012902651731138Thu, 09 Feb 2012 05:42:00 +00002012-02-11T06:55:41.261-08:00This is the network that functions at the speed of 100 mbpsA. 100 Base T4 Specifications Physical Topology : STAR Logical topology : BUS Cables : UTP CAT3(4pairs) Connectors : RJ-45 Max.Computers : 1024 per HUB Max. Distance : 100 metres (HUB to Computer)B. 100 Base FL Specifications Physical Topology : STAR Logical topology : BUS Cables : Fiber Optic Connectors : SC Max.Computers : http://cityoftechnology.blogspot.com/2012/02/2-modern-ethernet.htmlnoreply@blogger.com (Unknown)0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1858980362525653686.post-5733916893249739819Thu, 09 Feb 2012 05:40:00 +00002012-02-11T06:54:42.489-08:00 Ethernet is the standard set by the IEEE organization. All companies that manufacture network devices and software follow these standards.Using these devices we can create the following types of network:-Basic Ethernet Modern EthernetGigabit Ethernet1. Basic Ethernet:This the network that functions at the speed of 10 mbpsA. 10 Base 2 Specifications Physical Topology : BUS Logical topology : BUShttp://cityoftechnology.blogspot.com/2012/02/ethernet-standards.htmlnoreply@blogger.com (Unknown)1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1858980362525653686.post-3445306839996569096Thu, 09 Feb 2012 05:34:00 +00002012-02-09T09:34:26.792-08:00Bridgebrouterhubnetwork adaptersrepeatersrouterswitch1. Network adapters Each computer must have a net work card installed inorder to communicate in the network. Network cards come according to speed and type of cable. Also we require separate network cards for wireless networking. It support speeds such as 10/100 mbps and 100/1000 mbps.2. Repeaters These are a 2 port device used to extend a single connection. It can almost double the http://cityoftechnology.blogspot.com/2012/02/network-devices.htmlnoreply@blogger.com (Unknown)0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1858980362525653686.post-2712952997426272363Thu, 09 Feb 2012 05:18:00 +00002012-02-09T09:22:45.227-08:00bus/ring/star/mesh topologiesphysical/logical topologyTopologywireless-Topology is of two types: Physical and logical. -Physical Topology defines how the network is physically connected. -Logically Topology defines how data is transferred within the networkPhysical Topology: There are 5 types of physical topology.1. BUS Topology (very old types not used anymore)-Every computer is directly connected to central cable called BUS.-The BUS acts as the communication http://cityoftechnology.blogspot.com/2012/02/topology-network-wiring.htmlnoreply@blogger.com (Unknown)0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1858980362525653686.post-4656626927266131087Thu, 09 Feb 2012 04:38:00 +00002012-02-09T09:20:56.865-08:00LANpeer-to-peer networkserver/client networktypes of LANThere are two basic types of LAN:Peer to Peer (Workgroup)Server/Client (Domain)1. Peer to Peer (Workgroup) (For example: a country without any Leader: means everyones is a leader and everyone has equal power. People will do whatever they like good or bad. In the same way, On a peer-to-peer network, every computer is equal and can communicate with any other computer on the network to which it http://cityoftechnology.blogspot.com/2012/02/types-of-lan.htmlnoreply@blogger.com (Unknown)0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1858980362525653686.post-8170901784612802146Thu, 09 Feb 2012 03:58:00 +00002012-02-09T09:19:18.378-08:00Local Area Network (LAN)The smallest office network is referred to as a local area network (LAN). A LAN is formed from computers and components in a single office or building. Home Area Networks (HAN)A home area network is really no different from a LAN. It often uses the same hardware components as a LAN, but a HAN is mainly used to share Internet access. Wide area networks. LANs in different http://cityoftechnology.blogspot.com/2012/02/types-of-networks.htmlnoreply@blogger.com (Unknown)0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1858980362525653686.post-8904407300737214371Thu, 09 Feb 2012 03:44:00 +00002012-02-09T09:17:44.239-08:00networknetworkingresourcessharing A network is a group of two or more computers that intelligently shares resources with each other. A network can be as small &amp; simple as two computers or as large as the world's largest network, the Internet. It allows us to be able to access a remote resource as if it were a local resource.(Intelligently sharing means that each computer that shares resources with other computers maintainshttp://cityoftechnology.blogspot.com/2012/02/network-and-networking.htmlnoreply@blogger.com (Unknown)1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1858980362525653686.post-2430027634993801185Fri, 02 Apr 2010 07:11:00 +00002010-05-12T03:20:05.793-07:00IDE storage deviceAll our storage devices such as hard disk, CD/DVDs are called IDE because electronic circuitry required for these devices to function are already integrated into them.Hard diskPhysical Structure of a Hard disk-Inside the Hard disk we can find metal disc’s called platters. These platters store all or our data. Data is stored separately on both sides of platter (Top and Bottom).http://cityoftechnology.blogspot.com/2010/04/hardware-lesson-4.htmlnoreply@blogger.com (Unknown)0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1858980362525653686.post-2664991268653565696Thu, 01 Apr 2010 05:05:00 +00002010-03-31T23:07:22.041-07:00ATATXMOLEXPATASATAPower Connections from SMPS to DevicesThere are 2 types of SMPS (Switch Mode Power Supply).1) AT SMPS2) ATX SMPSAT SMPS- Has 6+6=12 pin connector from SMPS to Mother board.- The power supply connector having written P8 &amp; P9.- While connecting P8 &amp; P9 connector from SMPS to mother board Black colors wire of P8 &amp; P9 connector's co-inside each other.ATX SMPS- Comes with 20 Pin single http://cityoftechnology.blogspot.com/2010/03/hardware-lesson-3.htmlnoreply@blogger.com (Unknown)0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1858980362525653686.post-3094884682834793777Mon, 15 Mar 2010 08:10:00 +00002010-03-17T05:25:55.329-07:00ATATXBTXhardwarehardwarelesson2motherboardsMotherboardsMotherboards are considered as the backbone of the computer, which provides us with an interface to connect our devices internally and externally.There are 3 types of mother boards:-1. AT : Advanced Technology2. ATX: Advanced Technology Extended3. BTX: Balance Technology ExtendedAT Motherboards: (click picture to see bigger size)· These are oldest type of motherboards.· Mainly used inhttp://cityoftechnology.blogspot.com/2010/03/hardware-lesson-2.htmlnoreply@blogger.com (Unknown)0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1858980362525653686.post-4747458008130325090Mon, 15 Mar 2010 07:26:00 +00002010-03-17T05:22:01.663-07:00PORTSThese are located on the backside of the motherboard and are used to connect external devices. There are 3 types of ports:A. Legacy multifunction portsB. Standard single function portsC. Modern multifunction portsA. Legacy multifunction ports:1) Serial Ports: · It comes in 2 types à 9 pins and 25 pins.· These ports are not used by latest devices.· It supported devices like mouse, label http://cityoftechnology.blogspot.com/2010/03/hardware-lesson1.htmlnoreply@blogger.com (Unknown)1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1858980362525653686.post-4726984485377578762Wed, 10 Mar 2010 02:46:00 +00002010-03-09T18:50:14.500-08:001. Dir (Directory)-This command is used to view a list of all files and folder in the current location.Syntax: dirAlso we can use dir command with extension according to our useDir/p (used to view in page wise format)Dir/a (used to view files according to its attribute such as H for hidden, S for system and R for read only.)Also we can search for files according to name and type.Syntax: dir N*.*http://cityoftechnology.blogspot.com/2010/03/dos-lesson-1.htmlnoreply@blogger.com (Unknown)0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1858980362525653686.post-8065519964653252301Wed, 10 Mar 2010 02:33:00 +00002010-03-09T18:40:21.012-08:0013. Copy-used to copy paste files from one location to another.Syntax: copy filename locationExample: copy city.txt d:\town(This will copy files to town folder in d drive)14. Move -Used to cut paste files form one location to another.Syntax: move filename locationExample: move city.txt e:\student(this will cut and paste files to student folder in E: drive15. Format-Used to format drives from http://cityoftechnology.blogspot.com/2010/03/dos-lesson-2.htmlnoreply@blogger.com (Unknown)0