tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-51108889108751264952024-12-18T19:20:44.188-08:00JacarandaLucifer pkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01861146379436858303noreply@blogger.comBlogger2125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5110888910875126495.post-8049470694931738842016-05-07T19:48:00.000-07:002017-07-15T23:05:24.130-07:00Pteridophyta<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">Petridophyte</b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">A </span><span style="background-color: white;">pteridophyte</span><span style="background-color: white;"> </span><i style="background-color: white;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensu_lato" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Sensu lato">sensu lato</a></i><span style="background-color: white;"> is a </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_plant" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none;" title="Vascular plant">vascular plant</a><span style="background-color: white;"> (with </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylem" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none;" title="Xylem">xylem</a><span style="background-color: white;">and </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phloem" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none;" title="Phloem">phloem</a><span style="background-color: white;">) that reproduces via </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spore" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none;" title="Spore">spores</a><span style="background-color: white;">, and therefore was a member of the former and now invalid </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxon" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none;" title="Taxon">taxon</a><span style="background-color: white;"></span><span style="background-color: white;">Pteridophyta</span><span style="background-color: white;">. The term is now used only informally to denominate a </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fern" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none;" title="Fern">fern</a><span style="background-color: white;"> (monilophyte) or </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycophyte" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none;" title="Lycophyte">lycophyte</a><span style="background-color: white;">. Because pteridophytes produce neither </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flower" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none;" title="Flower">flowers</a><span style="background-color: white;"> nor </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none;" title="Seed">seeds</a><span style="background-color: white;">, they are also referred to as "</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptogam" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none;" title="Cryptogam">cryptogams</a><span style="background-color: white;">". The pteridophytes include the ferns, </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horsetail" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none;" title="Horsetail">horsetails</a><span style="background-color: white;">, and the lycophytes (</span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clubmosses" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none;" title="Clubmosses">clubmosses</a><span style="background-color: white;">, </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spikemosses" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none;" title="Spikemosses">spikemosses</a><span style="background-color: white;">, and </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quillwort" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none;" title="Quillwort">quillworts</a><span style="background-color: white;">). These are not a </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monophyletic_group" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none;" title="Monophyletic group">monophyletic group</a><span style="background-color: white;"> because ferns and horsetails are more closely related to </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed_plant" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none;" title="Seed plant">seed plants</a><span style="background-color: white;"> than to the lycophytes. Therefore, "Pteridophyta" is now an invalid taxon, although the term </span><i style="background-color: white;">pteridophyte</i><span style="background-color: white;"> remains in common parlance, as do </span><i style="background-color: white;">pteridology</i><span style="background-color: white;"> and </span><i style="background-color: white;">pteridologist</i><span style="background-color: white;"> as a science and its practitioner, to indicate lycophytes and ferns as an informal grouping, such as the International Association of Pteridologists and the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group.</span></span></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ferns and <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycophytes" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Lycophytes">lycophytes</a> (pteridophytes) are free-sporing <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_plants" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Vascular plants">vascular plants</a> that share a unique <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_life_cycle" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Biological life cycle">life cycle</a>with independent <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gametophyte" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Gametophyte">gametophyte</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporophyte" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Sporophyte">sporophyte</a> phases that are frequently discussed together due to common characteristics, including vascular plant <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apomorphies" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Apomorphies">apomorphies</a> (e.g., <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_tissue" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Vascular tissue">vascular tissue</a>) and <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_plant" style="background: none; color: #0b0080;" title="Land plant">land plant</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plesiomorphies" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Plesiomorphies">plesiomorphies</a> (e.g., <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spore" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Spore">spore</a> dispersal and the absence of <span style="color: #0b0080;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seeds" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Seeds">see</a></span></span></span></b><b style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seeds" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Seeds">ds</a>).</span></b></span></b></div>
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<b style="font-size: medium;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypodiophyta" style="background: none rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; text-align: left; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Polypodiophyta">Polypodiophyta</a><span style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; text-align: left;">: </span><i style="background-color: #f8f9fa; text-align: left;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athyrium_filix-femina" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Athyrium filix-femina">Athyrium filix-femina</a></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Subdivision</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span class="mw-headline" style="font-size: 1.2em; font-size: 1.2em;"></span></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b>Pteridophytes consist of two separate but related classes, whose nomenclature has varied.The terminology used by the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (2016) (with some synonyms) is used here:</b></span></div>
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<dt style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b>Classes, subclasses and orders</b></span></dt>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycopodiopsida" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Lycopodiopsida">Lycopodiopsida</a> (lycophytes)</b></span><ul style="list-style-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20version%3D%221.1%22%20width%3D%225%22%20height%3D%2213%22%3E%0A%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%222.5%22%20cy%3D%229.5%22%20r%3D%222.5%22%20fill%3D%22%2300528c%22%2F%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A"); list-style-type: disc; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycopodiidae" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Lycopodiidae">Lycopodiidae</a> (clubmosses)</b></span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoetopsida" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Isoetopsida">Selaginellidae</a> (spikemosses and quillworts)</b></span></li>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fern" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Fern">Polypodiopsida</a> (ferns)</b></span><ul style="list-style-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20version%3D%221.1%22%20width%3D%225%22%20height%3D%2213%22%3E%0A%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%222.5%22%20cy%3D%229.5%22%20r%3D%222.5%22%20fill%3D%22%2300528c%22%2F%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A"); list-style-type: disc; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equisetidae" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Equisetidae">Equisetidae</a> (horsetails, single genus <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equisetum" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Equisetum">Equisetum</a></i>)</b></span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophioglossidae" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Ophioglossidae">Ophioglossidae</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psilotaceae" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Psilotaceae">Psilotidae</a>)</b></span><ul style="list-style-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20version%3D%221.1%22%20width%3D%225%22%20height%3D%2213%22%3E%0A%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%222.5%22%20cy%3D%229.5%22%20r%3D%222.5%22%20fill%3D%22%2300528c%22%2F%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A"); list-style-type: disc; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psilotales" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Psilotales">Psilotales</a> (One family, whisk ferns)</b></span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophioglossales" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Ophioglossales">Ophioglossales</a> (One family, grape ferns)</b></span></li>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marattiidae" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Marattiidae">Marattiidae</a> (six genera, marattioid ferns)</b></span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptosporangiate_fern" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Leptosporangiate fern">Polypodiidae</a> (leptosporangiate ferns, largest subclass, seven orders)</b></span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b>In addition to these living groups, several groups of pteridophytes are now <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinct" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Extinct">extinct</a> and known only from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Fossil">fossils</a>. These groups include the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhyniopsida" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Rhyniopsida">Rhyniopsida</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zosterophyllopsida" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Zosterophyllopsida">Zosterophyllopsida</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trimerophytopsida" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Trimerophytopsida">Trimerophytopsida</a>, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepidodendrales" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Lepidodendrales">Lepidodendrales</a> and the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progymnospermopsida" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Progymnospermopsida">Progymnospermopsida</a>.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b>Modern studies of the land plants agree that all pteridophytes share a common ancestor with seed plants. Therefore, pteridophytes do not form a clade but constitute a <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraphyletic_group" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Paraphyletic group">paraphyletic group</a>.</b></span></div>
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Lucifer pkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01861146379436858303noreply@blogger.com0Kerala, India10.8505159 76.2710832999999876.8357423999999991 71.085536299999987 14.8652894 81.456630299999986tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5110888910875126495.post-63535789577876034202016-05-01T07:00:00.000-07:002017-07-15T19:16:05.630-07:00About jacaranda<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Jacaranda is a genus of 49 species of flowering plants in the family Bignoniaceae, native to tropical and subtropical regions of Mexico, Central America, South America, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica and the Bahamas.<a class="q _KCd _tWc fl" data-ved="0ahUKEwjpg8CIs4bVAhUJL48KHR2aBWUQmhMIrQEwEw" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacaranda" style="color: #1a0dab; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; white-space: nowrap;">Wikipedia</a></span></b></div>
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<div class="_mr kno-fb-ctx" data-attrid="kc:/biology/organism_classification:scientific name" data-ved="0ahUKEwjpg8CIs4bVAhUJL48KHR2aBWUQyxMIsAEoADAV" style="margin-top: 7px;">
<b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span class="_xdb"><a class="fl" data-ved="0ahUKEwjpg8CIs4bVAhUJL48KHR2aBWUQ6BMIsQEoADAV" href="https://www.google.co.in/search?q=jacaranda+scientific+name&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAOPgE-LUz9U3MDYtKKrSMs5OttJPyszPyU-v1M8vSk_MyyzOjU_OSSwuzkzLTE4syczPsypOzkzNKwHxFfISc1MBK6gMsUIAAAA&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjpg8CIs4bVAhUJL48KHR2aBWUQ6BMIsQEoADAV" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Scientific name</a>: </span><span class="_Xbe kno-fv"><span style="color: blue;">Jacaranda</span></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span class="_xdb"><a class="fl" data-ved="0ahUKEwjpg8CIs4bVAhUJL48KHR2aBWUQ6BMItAEoADAW" href="https://www.google.co.in/search?q=jacaranda+higher+classification&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAOPgE-LUz9U3MDYtKKrSssxOttJPyszPyU-v1M8vSk_MyyzOjU_OSSwuzkzLTE4syczPs8rITM9ILVJAFQUAycpnZUgAAAA&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjpg8CIs4bVAhUJL48KHR2aBWUQ6BMItAEoADAW" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Higher classification</a>: </span><span class="_Xbe kno-fv"><a class="fl" data-ved="0ahUKEwjpg8CIs4bVAhUJL48KHR2aBWUQmxMItQEoATAW" href="https://www.google.co.in/search?q=Jacarandeae&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAOPgE-LUz9U3MDYtKKpS4tFP1zfMMzZLNzHJzdCyzE620k_KzM_JT6_Uzy9KT8zLLM6NT85JLC7OTMtMTizJzM-zyshMz0gtUkAVBQB8esTRVgAAAA&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjpg8CIs4bVAhUJL48KHR2aBWUQmxMItQEoATAW" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Jacarandeae</a></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span class="_xdb"><a class="fl" data-ved="0ahUKEwjpg8CIs4bVAhUJL48KHR2aBWUQ6BMIuAEoADAX" href="https://www.google.co.in/search?q=jacaranda+rank&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAOPgE-LUz9U3MDYtKKrS0shOttJPyszPyU-v1M8vSk_MyyzOjU_OSSwuzkzLTE4syczPsypKzMsGACzm5Ws3AAAA&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjpg8CIs4bVAhUJL48KHR2aBWUQ6BMIuAEoADAX" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Rank</a>: </span><span class="_Xbe kno-fv"><span style="color: blue;">Genus</span></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span class="_xdb" style="background-color: white;"><a class="fl" data-ved="0ahUKEwjpg8CIs4bVAhUJL48KHR2aBWUQ6BMIuwEoADAY" href="https://www.google.co.in/search?q=jacaranda+lower+classifications&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAOPgE-LUz9U3MDYtKKrSssxOttJPyszPyU-v1M8vSk_MyyzOjU_OSSwuzkzLTE4syczPs8rJL08tUkAVLAYAG5096kgAAAA&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjpg8CIs4bVAhUJL48KHR2aBWUQ6BMIuwEoADAY" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Lower classifications</a>: </span><span class="_Xbe kno-fv"><a class="fl" data-ved="0ahUKEwjpg8CIs4bVAhUJL48KHR2aBWUQmxMIvAEoATAY" href="https://www.google.co.in/search?q=Jacaranda+mimosifolia&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAOPgE-LUz9U3MDYtKKpSgjAtkkyKtSyzk630kzLzc_LTK_Xzi9IT8zKLc-OTcxKLizPTMpMTSzLz86xy8stTixRQBYsBbPvdM1MAAAA&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjpg8CIs4bVAhUJL48KHR2aBWUQmxMIvAEoATAY" style="background-color: white; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Jacaranda mimosifolia</a><span style="background-color: white;">, </span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;">Jacaranda arborea</span></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span class="_xdb"><a class="fl" data-ved="0ahUKEwjpg8CIs4bVAhUJL48KHR2aBWUQ6BMIwAEoADAZ" href="https://www.google.co.in/search?q=jacaranda+did+you+know&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAOPgE-LUz9U3MDYtKKrSkslOttJPzs_Nzc_TL8kvyEy2SivNS0tMLimOz04GANRDdTorAAAA&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjpg8CIs4bVAhUJL48KHR2aBWUQ6BMIwAEoADAZ" style="color: #1a0dab; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Did you know</a>: </span><span class="_Xbe kno-fv">It has many species and the most common and popular is the blue jacaranda tree or Jacaranda mimosifolia.</span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>For more information ...</b></span><br />
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacaranda">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacaranda</a><br />
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Lucifer pkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01861146379436858303noreply@blogger.com0Kerala, India10.8505159 76.2710832999999876.8357423999999991 71.085536299999987 14.8652894 81.456630299999986