BIOETYMOLOGY : ORIGIN IN BIO - MEDICAL TERMS

periosteum

2019-08-10T00:47:00.000-07:00

Term: periosteum

Literally meaning: “around the bone”

Origin/Etymology: Anc Greek

περί-/peri- (=combining form meaning “around”)

+οστούν/ostoun(=bone)

Coined/History

Definition

Periosteum is the dense membrane that covers the outer surface of bones and consisting of an inner cellular layer of osteoblasts (cambium) and an outer fibrous layer mostly with collagen. The periosteum offers protection and stability of bone and plays a important role in in the differentiation , growth and repair of bony tissue.

peristome (zoology)

2019-01-13T00:17:00.002-08:00

Term: peristome (zoology)

Literally meaning: “around the mouth”

Origin/Etymology: Anc Greek

περί-/peri- (=combining form meaning “around”)

+στόμα/stome(=mouth)

Coined/History

Definition

Peristome is a membranous or other structure that surrounds the moth in some invertebrates

peristome (botany)

2019-01-13T00:16:00.002-08:00

Term: peristome (botany)

Literally meaning: “around the mouth”

Origin/Etymology: Anc Greek

περί-/peri- (=combining form meaning “around”)

+στόμα/stome(=mouth)

Coined/History

Definition

Peristome is a appendageof the sporangium that surrounds the opening of a capsule in n the Bryopsida of mosses. Peristome structure allows the gradual spore discharge.

deutoplasm

2019-01-12T23:54:00.000-08:00

Term: deutoplasm

Literally meaning: “second form”

Origin/Etymology: Anc Greek

δεύτερος/deuteros(second)>δύο(two)

+πλάσμα (noun)/plasma (=something formed or molded, an idol) > πλάσσω/plasso(=create, form, mold)

Coined/History

Definition

Deutoplasm is the cell portion that serves as a source for obtaining nutrition matter such as yolk in the egg.

axoplasm

2018-12-22T13:18:00.000-08:00

Term: axoplasm

Literally meaning: “axon form ”

Origin: Anc Greek

άξων/axon (=axis)

+πλάσμα (noun)/plasma (=something formed or molded, an idol) > πλάσσω/plasso(=create, form, mold)

Coined/History

Definition

Axoplasm is the cytoplasm of a nerve cell.

endoplasm

2018-12-22T13:17:00.000-08:00

Term: endoplasm

Literally meaning: “ inner form”

Origin: Anc Greek

ενδο-/endo-/(=inner)

πλάσμα (noun)/plasma (=something formed or molded, an idol) > πλάσσω/plasso(=create, form, mold)

Coined/History

Definition

Endoplasm is the inner part of the cell.

ectoplasm

2018-12-22T13:16:00.000-08:00

Term: ectoplasm

Literally meaning: “outer form”

Origin: Anc Greek

εκτο-/ecto->εκ-/ek-(=out)

+πλάσμα (noun)/plasma (=something formed or molded, an idol) > πλάσσω/plasso(=create, form, mold)

Coined/History

Definition

Ectoplasm is the outer portion of the cell.

neoplasm

2018-12-22T12:39:00.000-08:00

Term: neoplasm

Literally meaning: “ new form”

Origin: Anc Greek

νεο-/neo (=new)

(πλασμο-)/plasmo(=prefix)>πλάσμα (noun)/plasma (=something formed or molded, an idol) > πλάσσω/plasso(=create, form, mold)

Coined/History

Definition

Neoplasm is an abnormal growth of a new tissue.

plasmodesmata (plural)

2018-12-16T14:17:00.003-08:00

Term: plasmodesmata (plural)

Literally meaning: “ bonds between forms”

Origin: Anc Greek

(πλασμο-)/plasmo(=prefix)>πλάσμα (noun)/plasma (=something formed or molded, an idol) > πλάσσω/plasso(=create, form, mold)

+δέσματα/desmata>δεσμός/desmos(=tie, fasten)

Coined/History

Definition

Plasmodesmata are cytoplasmic channels between adjacent plant cell walls that permit cell communication.

plasmolysis

2018-12-16T14:17:00.000-08:00

Term: plasmolysis

Literally meaning: “break down the form”

Origin/Etymology: Anc Greek

(πλασμο-)/plasmo>πλάσμα (noun)/plasma (=something formed or molded, an idol) > πλάσσω/plasso(=create, form, mold)

+λύσις/lysis (=dissolution, degradation, decomposition, destruction) > verb λύω/leo =break down, solve, loose, degrade)

Coined/History
The term of plasmolysis was coined by De Vries in 1877 who defined it as the separation of the living protoplasmic envelope from the cell wall due to the influence of an external water withdrawing solution.

Definition

Plasmolysis is the process in which a cell cytoplasm is shrinked due to osmosis phenomenon.
Sourse
K.J. Oparka New insgights into an old process. New Phytol (1994) 126, 571

autoplasty

2018-12-16T14:15:00.002-08:00

Term: autoplasty

Literally meaning: “molding itself”

Origin: Anc Greek

αυτός/eaftos- /(=pronoun that deneotes “self” )

πλάσσω/plasso(=to shape)>plasty(=suffix)

Coined/History

Definition

Heteroplasty is a surgical transplantationof a tissue from one site of an organism to another site.

heteroplasty

2018-12-16T14:14:00.003-08:00

Term: heteroplasty

Literally meaning: “molding into a another”

Origin: Anc Greek

έτερος/hetero- /(=another)

πλάσσω/plasso(=to shape)

Coined/History

Definition

Heteroplasty is a surgical transplantation of a tissue from one organism to another.

tympanoplasty

2018-12-16T14:13:00.002-08:00

Term: tympanoplasty

Literally meaning: “molding a drum”

Origin: Anc Greek

τύμπανον/tympanon>τύπανον/typanon>τύπτω/typto(=hit, knock)

πλάσσω/plasso(=to shape)

Coined/History

Definition

Tympanoplasty is a surgical operation of eardrum in the middle ear.

pericarp

2018-12-16T14:12:00.002-08:00

Term: pericarp

Literally meaning: “around fruit”

Origin: Anc Greek

περί-/peri-(=around)

καρπός/carpos(=wrist)

Coined/History

Definition

Pericarp (fruit wall) is the the outermost layer of the ripened ovary that surrounds the seed.

endobiosis

2018-12-16T14:11:00.002-08:00

Term: endobiosis

Literally meaning: “inner life”

Origin: Anc Greek

ενδο-/endo-(compining form that denotes: inside, internal, within)

+ βιο->βίος/vios(=life)>βία/via(=rush)

+(-ώσις)/-osis(=-osis, suffix denoting process or state) > ώσις/osis(=forcing)

Coined/History

Definition

Endobiosis is the state of living within the body or cells of a host organism

endocarp

2018-12-16T14:10:00.001-08:00

Term: endocarp

Literally meaning: “inner fruit”

Origin: Anc Greek

ενδο-/endo-(compining form that denotes: inside, internal, within)

καρπός/carpos(=wrist)

Coined/History

Definition

Endocarp is the the membranous or woody inner layer of the pericarp which surrounds a seed in a fruit.

Literally meaning: “inner fruit”

Origin: Anc Greek

ενδο-/endo-(compining form that denotes: inside, internal, within)

καρπός/carpos(=wrist)

Coined/History

Definition

Endocarp is the the membranous or woody inner layer of the pericarp which surrounds a seed in a fruit.

endocytosis

2018-12-11T12:26:00.001-08:00

Term: endocytosis

Literally meaning: “process for insertion into a cell”

Origin: Anc Greek

ενδο-/endo-(compining form that denotes: inside, internal, within)

κύτος/kytos/cytos (=container, box)

Greek letter K is replased by latin C, like in word “cycle” which is derived from word “kyklos” and it is used as a combining form meaning “cell” in the formation of compound words like cytochrome, cytogenetics etc.

-ωση/-osis(=-osis, suffix denoting process or state)

Coined/History

The term of endocytosis coined by Belgian cytologist Christian deDuve (1917 – 2013) in 1963 .

Definition

Endocytosis is the active molecule transportation of extracellular material into the cell. Endocytic pathways include phagocytosis, macropinocytosis, clathrin-dependent uptake and caveolae-dependent uptake.
Sourses

Schmid SL. A nostalgic look back 40 years after the discovery of receptor -mediated endocytosis. Mol Biol Cell. 2019 Jan 1;30(1):1-3. doi: 10.1091/mbc.E18-06-0409.

endoenzyme

2018-12-10T12:30:00.000-08:00

Term: endoenzyme

Literally meaning: “inner enzyme”

Origin: Anc Greek

ενδο-/endo-(compining form that denotes: inside, internal, within)

εν / en(=in ) + ζύμη/ zyme (=leaven, ferment) meaning “in yeast” .

Coined.History

Definition

Endoenzyme is the enzyme that functions internally to a cell.

endolymph

2018-12-09T00:56:00.000-08:00

Term: endolymph

Literally meaning: “inner fluid”

Origin: Anc Greek

ενδο-/endo-(compining form that denotes: inside, internal, within)

νύμφη/nymphi(=in Greek Mythology, nymphs are minor female deities protectors of springs, mountains, and rivers). Nymph via Latin passed as lympha (“water, water nymph”).

Coined.History

Definition

Endolymph is the fluid inside the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear.

endomitosis

2018-12-08T14:34:00.000-08:00

Term: endomitosis

Literally meaning: “internal mitosis”

Origin: Anc Greek

ενδο-/endo-(compining form that denotes: inside, internal, within)

μίτος/μίτος(=warp thread)

+ (-οσις/osis)(=process) because chromatin of the cell nucleus appears as long threads in the first stages.

Coined.History

Definition

Endomitosis is the division of chromosome replication without cytokinesis.

microorganism ( microbe )

2018-12-04T12:34:00.000-08:00

Term: microorganisms (microbes)(plural)

Literally meaning: “A small individual form of life”

Origin: Anc Greek

μικρο-/ micro-(=small)

όργανον/organon(=instrument, tool, organ) > έργον/ergon(=work, labour)

+ισμός/ismos(=ism, suffix meaning action or state) a state of a group of organs

(-obe).βίος>vios (=life)

Coined/History

The Dutch textile merchant Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek (1632 – 1723) is considered to be the father of microbiology because of his observations using single-lens microscopy. He observed many microorganisms such as bacteria and

Sourse

Gest h, The discovery of microorganisms by Robert Hooke and Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek, fellows of the Royal Society. Notes Rec R Soc Lond 2004 May;58(2):187-201.

Definition

Microorganism is any living organism, usually unicellular, that can only be seen microscopically.

trypanosoma

2018-12-04T10:45:00.000-08:00

Term: trypanosoma

Literally meaning: “body borer ”

Origin: Anc Greek

τρυπανο- /trypano-(=drill)>τρυπώ/trypo(=bore, prong)

+σώμα/soma(=body)>> σύμα/sima(=corpse). Homer (9th cen) referred to word "σώμα" always with the meaning of the corpse.

Coined.History

The name derived from its corkscrew-like motion. The first time that a trypanosoma infection was found in man was by Forde in the Gambia in 1901.

Definition

Trypanosoma is a parasitc flagellate protozoan which infects many hosts and cause various diseases such as African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) by Trypanosoma brucei.

exomorph

2018-12-03T10:32:00.003-08:00

Term: exomorph

Literally meaning: “outer form ”

Origin: Anc Greek

έξω-/exo-(out)

+ μορφή/morphe(=shape, form)

Coined.History

The term was coined by in the 1940s by American psychologist William Herbert Sheldon, who supported that the size and shape of a individual’s body were indicators of personality.

Definition

Exomorph is a somatotype (physical type) which is characterized by by a slight muscular development due to predominance of tissue derived by ectoderm.

mesomorph

2018-12-03T10:31:00.004-08:00

Term: mesomorph

Literally meaning: “middleform ”

Origin: Anc Greek

μεσο-/meso-(compining form that denotes: middle)

+ μορφή/morphe(=shape, form)

Coined.History

The term was coined by William Herbert Sheldon, who supported that the size and shape of a individual’s body were indicators of personality.

Definition

Mesomorph is a somatotype (physical type) which is characterized by a tendency for pronounced muscular development and low body fat due to predominance of tissue derived by mesoderm.

endomorph

2018-12-02T14:04:00.000-08:00

Term: endomorph

Literally meaning: “inner form ”

Origin: Anc Greek

ενδο-/endo-(compining form that denotes: inside, internal, within)

+ μορφή/morphe(=shape, form)

Coined.History

The term was coined by William Sheldon, who supported that the size and shape of a individual’s body were indicators of personality.

Definition

Endomorph is a somatotype (physical type) which is characterized by roundness and fatty mass due to predominance of tissue derived by endoderm.