Pharmacistgoal

noreply@blogger.com (Pharmacistgoal) — Thu, 2 Jul 2020 10:44:00 +0530

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Human anatomy and physiology by pharmacistgoal

What Is Paper Chromatography Types And Apllication

noreply@blogger.com (Pharmacistgoal) — Sun, 24 May 2020 19:37:00 +0530

paper chromatography image

Paper chromatography

It is a technique for separating chemical substances on the basis of their different rate of migration across sheet of paper this technique is regarded as liquid liquid chromatography in paper chromatography the stationary phase is filter paper and mobile phase is liquid

History of paper chromatography

The paper Chromatography was introduced by Martin and change in the late 1940 in England.Martin research group develop this first micro analytical chromatography it was developed to analyse structure of proteins for which Martin and synge receive the prestigious Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1952 principle of paper chromatography the principle involved in paper chromatography is partition .It means the and light mixture is partition between two immiscible liquids in which one liquid is stationary phase and another liquid is mobile phase

In Chromatography the paper is made up of cellulose which consist of hydroxyl group the hydroxyl group in the cellulose are responsible for hydrogen bonding of water the setup contributes 6% weight of paper

Techniques

There are two different techniques involved in paper chromatography

paper partition chromatography

This is widely used technique in which the paper is used as stationary phase in which no modification has been made the paper such as used for separation of mixture the principle involved in this technique is partition the annelids are partition between solvent and held in the filter paper and solvent in the mobile Phase thus separated.

Paper adsorption chromatography

This is a modified version of paper chromatography the modified paper such as paper integrated with silica Alumina specially treated paper is used instead of regular paper this technique follows adsorption as a principle rather than partition as the accepted power of stationary phase

Steps involved in chromatography

selection of suitable type of development
selection of suitable filter paper
preparation of sample
spotting of sample on the paper
development of chromatogram
drying of the paper and detection of the compound

Development techniques of chromatography

There are different development techniques are used in paper chromatography as per the development techniques name as follows

Ascending chromatography
Descending chromatography
circular or radial chromatography
two dimensional chromatography
multi Or N dimensional chromatography

Types of chromatography paper

Whatman chromatography paper
P81 strong cation paper
SG81 non-charged Silica Gel cellulose paper
D81 weak anion paper

Application of paper chromatography

It is used for study of structure of Steroids
paper chromatography is used as analytical chemistry techniques for identifying and separating coloured mixture like pigment
In forensic studies paper chromatography is used in Crime scene investigation and DNA and RNA Sequencing along with others studies
separated compound can be recovered by cutting the spot, resolving in suitable solvent and evaporating the solvent
among the all chromatography method chromatography is an inexpensive and Rapid method that provide reliable result it is used in qualitative method for identifying the component in mixture
It is widely used for separation of iron separation of amino acid in addition to two qualitative analysis the quantitative estimation of an acid such as glutamic acid aspartic acid glycine and alanine can be performed

Conclusion

It is a technique for separating chemical substances on the basis of their different rate of migration across sheet of paper
chromatography it was developed to analyse structure of proteins
two different techniques involved in paper chromatography first one paper partition chromatography second paper adsorption chromatography
In Chromatography the paper is made up of cellulose which consist of hydroxyl group the hydroxyl group in the Solar cellulose are responsible for hydrogen bonding of water

What Is Column Chromatography Types Apllication

noreply@blogger.com (Pharmacistgoal) — Mon, 11 May 2020 10:00:00 +0530

Column Chromatography

chromatography image

INTRODUCTION

Column chromatography is type of chromatography widely used in pharmaceutical and mainly analysis of samples.

in Column Chromatography the stationary phase is a column and mobile phase is liquid or gas.

PRINCIPLE INVOLVED IN Column Chromatography

Various type of principle involved in chromatography as follows

Adsorption
Partiotion
Ion exchange
Molecular sieving

principle effect the stationary phase given with example

Adsorption : stationary phase is silica gel.
Partiotion : stationary phase is liquid coated
Ion exchange : stationary phase is ion exchange resin
Molecular sieving : stationary phase is Gel marix

THEORIES OF Column Chromatography

Two types of theries involved in column chromatography

Plate theory
Rate theory

Plate theory
According to this theory the sepration efficiency of column is depend on number of plates attached to it.
Mean greater no. of plates result to higher efficiency of sepration
express by formula as follows

H=L/N

Where the

L is length of column

H is plate height

N is no. of plates

Rate theory

This theory is explain the effect of parameter that affect the width of column band.
the path length solvent moves form top of thecolumn and time to reach the boettom of column also effect the width of bond
this theory well explain by van deemter equation

EFFICIENCY OF COLUMN

AS WE STUDY EARLIER THE rate and plate theory explain about efficiency of column

so revised that efficiency of column no. of plates increses sepration efficiency

thats whynyou want to seprate rapidly use multiple plate each times.

Column packing technique

chromatographic seperation ccolumn avilable in various size ranges from few cm tometers

column prepared by uding silica gas tubes such as burrette

two type of packing involved as follows

WET PACKING

DRY PACKING

APPLICATION

Chromatography has wide range of application some major given below

for the identification of pharmaceuticals substance and prepratio n
test for homogenity ofsubstance
determination of individual substances
it has got excellent application in pesticide analysis
applicable also for the analysis of glycoside and carbohydrate
anlysis of vitamins done sucessfully

GRADUATE PHARMACY APTITUDE TEST (GPAT)

noreply@blogger.com (Pharmacistgoal) — Sun, 10 May 2020 15:24:00 +0530

GRADUATE PHARMACY APTITUDE TEST (GPAT)

Introduction

It is a national level entrance examination for entry into M.Pharm programmes. Till 2018, it was conducted by All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) every year as per the directions of Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), Government of India. The Test will now be conducted by the NTA.

WHY CHOOSE GPAT

This test facilitates institutions to select suitable Pharmacy graduates for admission into the Masters (M.Pharm) program.

The GPAT is a three hour computer based online test which is conducted in a single session.

The GPAT score is accepted by all AICTE-Approved Institutions/University Departments/Constituent Colleges/Affiliated Colleges.

A few scholarships and other financial assistance in the field of Pharmacy are also given on the basis of the GPAT score.

BASIC STRUCTURE OF GPAT

Full Exam Name Graduate Pharmacy Aptitude Test

Short Exam Name GPAT

Conducting Body National Testing Agency

Frequency of Conduct Once a year

Exam Level National Level Exam

Languages English

Mode of Application Online

Application Fee (General) 1600 Rs [Online]

Mode of Exam Online

Mode of Counselling Online / Offline

Participating Colleges 273

Exam Duration 3 Hours

GPAT SYLLABUSS CLICK HERE

GPAT Exam Pattern can be checked as follows

Mode of examination- Computer-based online test

Language- English

Duration of examination- 3 hours

Type of questions- Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Total number of questions- 125

Marking Scheme- +4 for every correct answer, while -1 for every incorrect response

Maximum Marks- 500

Exam Time- -

GPAT 2020 Exam Centers

Gujarat

Ahmedabad

Bhavnagar

Rajkot

Surat

Vadodara

Anand

Gandhinagar

Mehsana

Uttar Pradesh

Allahabad

Lucknow

Meerut

Bareilly

Noida

Kanpur Varanasi

Ghaziabad

Gorakhpur

Agra

Maharashtra

Amravati

Mumbai

Aurangabad

Nagpur

Nanded

Nashik

Pune

Kolhapur

Ahmednagar

Dhule

Navi Mumbai

Solapur

Thane

Tamil Nadu

Madurai

Chennai

Coimbatore

Tirunelveli

Tiruchirappalli

Karnataka

Mangalore

Mysore

Bengaluru

Gulbarga

Belgaum

Dharwad

Udupi

Delhi New Delhi

Madhya Pradesh

Bhopal

Gwalior

Indore

Jabalpur

Sagar

Odisha Bhubaneswar

Sambalpur

Berhampur

Ganjam

Andhra Pradesh

Nellore

Tirupati

Vijayawada

Visakhapatnam

Kurnool

Guntur

Rajahmundry

Chandigarh Chandigarh

Goa Panaji

Uttarakhand Dehradun

Roorkee

Bihar

Patna

Muzaffarpur

Chhattisgarh

Raipur

Bhilai

Haryana

Gurgaon

Faridabad

Hisar

Ambala

Assam

Guwahati

Dibrugarh

Jharkhand

Ranchi

Dhanbad

Jamshedpur

Telangana

Hyderabad

Warangal

Karimnagar

Secunderabad

Himachal Pradesh

Shimla

Hamirpur

Bilaspur

Solan

Jammu and Kashmir

Srinagar

Jammu

Leh

Rajasthan

Jaipur

Udaipur

Jodhpur

Kota

Sikar

Kerala

Thiruvananthapuram

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Ernakulam

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Thrissur

West Bengal

Kolkata

Siliguri

Punjab

Amritsar

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Mohali

Tripura Agartala

Andaman and Nicobar Islands Port Blair

Arunachal Pradesh Itanagar

Naharlagun

Lakshadweep Kavaratti

Manipur Imphal

Meghalaya Shillong

Mizoram Aizawl

Nagaland

Kohima

Dimapur

Puducherry Puducherry

Documents Required at Exam

GPAT admit card

Valid photo ID proof

Photograph similar to the one uploaded with the application form

PwD certificate if applicable

GPAT cutoff is taken as the screening process for admission to various Master of Pharmacy (M.Pharmacy) programmes. NTA, i.e. the conducting body determines the cutoff of GPAT which is the minimum qualifying score required for admissions. Various factors like availability of seats, the difficulty level of exam, number of candidates applied for etc are considered while determining the GPAT cutoff.

GPAT cutoff 2020, 2019

GPAT CUT OFF

CUTOFF 2020

GENRal 163

OBC-NCL 131

SC 103

ST 76

EWS 104

GPAT 2020 Contact Information

Website: www.ntagpat.nic.in

Helpline number: 7042399521, 7042399525, 7042399526

E-mail: gpat.nta2019@gmail.com

Official Website: https://ntagpat.nic.in/ntagpatcms/public/home.aspx

CONCLUSION
gpat exam taken for pharmacy student to check ability of student .the appear student get good college with scholarship

REFERANCE

1.GPAT NTA https://nta.ac.in/Pharmacyexam

What Is Chromatography And It's Types

noreply@blogger.com (Pharmacistgoal) — Sat, 9 May 2020 01:55:00 +0530

Chromatography

Introduction

Chromatography is separation technique, used to separate components of a mixture using a stationary phase and mobile phase.

This technique was introduced by a Russian scientist TSWETT in 1906.by using separation of color component of leaf extract

Definition

As per IUPAC – Chromatography is a physical method of separation in which the component to be separated and distributed between two phases that one is a stationary phase and mobile phase moves in definite direction

Principle

Chromatography mainly based on two categories

Adsorption
Partition

Adsorption

In this process analyse substance is absorbed in stationary phase.

adsorption image

Partition

Distribution of solute take place in 2 immiscible phases.
Distribution depends on partition coefficient.
Example- take oil and water add another substance the distribution of substance is depend on the partition coefficient of oil and water

partition coefficient
it is determined by the ability of solute to be partitioned be two immiscible liquids.

Formula

Kd=concentration of solute in solvent A/

concentrationof solute in solvent B

Types of Chromatography

There is generally two types of chromatography ie. Gas chromatography and liquid chromatography.

On the basis equilibrium process the different type of chromatography as given below

Adsorption chromatography
Partition chromatography
Ion exchange chromatography
Molecular sieve chromatography

Adsorption chromatography
The adsorption of analyte on the surface of solid stationary phase. Liquid or gas is mobile phase.

Types

Adsorption column chromatography

Planar chromatography or Thin layer chromatography
Modern Planar chromatography or High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC)
Gas soiled chromatography

Partition chromatography

This involves the distribution of solute between two phases.

Generally Liquid or gas is mobile phase. And Liquid is stationary phase.

Types

Partition chromatography
Paper chromatography
Thin layer chromatography
Liquid chromatography
Gas liquid chromatography

Ion exchange chromatography

Involves the exchange of ions between stationary phase which is ion exchange resin and Liquid is mobile phase.

Consider as column chromatography

Molecular sieve chromatography

Also called gel chromatography

Involve separation of analtye mixture on the basis of its molecule size

Other types of chromatography

Flash chromatography
Supercritical fluid chromatography
Chiral chromatography
Ion pair chromatography
UPLC /MPLC

APPLICATION

Chromatography has wide range of application some major given below

for the identification of pharmaceuticals substance and prepratio n
test for homogenity ofsubstance
determination of individual substances
it has got excellent application in pesticide analysis
applicable also for the analysis of glycoside and carbohydrate

Disperse system in pharmaceutics

noreply@blogger.com (Pharmacistgoal) — Thu, 7 May 2020 01:33:00 +0530

oil in water

Disperse system

Introduction

The disperse system refers to a system in which one substance is particularly distributed inthroughout the a second substance

The system find wide application like

various manfacuring process , pharmaceutical operations like- particle size redctuion, coating of drugs,microcapsulation.

Why disperse system

The disperse system is hetrogenous. Each of two phases exist in liquid,gas ,solid phases.

The one phases called is dispese phase or discontinuous phase

The other is called dispersion medium

Component of disperse system

Three type of component occurs in disperse system as given below

Dispersed phase –internal phase
Dispersion medium- external phase
Dispersing agent- for maintaining homogeneity of disperse system

Direction – the commonly known direction is “SHAKE WELL BEFORE USE”

Classification of disperse system

There are different type of classification is available for the disperse system given blow

based on physical state of disperse system
based on size of disperse phase
based on affinity of disperse phase
based on coarse disperse system

A) based on physical state of disperse system

Suspension
emuision
aersol

Suspension -state is solid/liquid Dispersion

Emuision - liq./liq. Dispersion

Aersol –drug either in liquid or solid form within gaseous phase

B) based on size of disperse phase

Molecular Dispersion
colloidal Dispersion
coarseDispersion

Molecular Dispersion –homogenous and true solution (size-<1nm) ex.potassium ion dissolve in water

Colloidal Dispersion –intermediate between true solution and colloidal solution(size-0.5 μm -1nm) ex.collidal silver solution

Coarse Dispersion –particle invisible under ordinary light microscope(size->0.5 μm )

C) based on affinity of disperse phase

Lyophilic
Lyophobic

Lyophilic - Dispersed phase has affinity towordsDispersion medium

Lyophilic - Dispersed phase has no affinity towordsDispersion medium

D) based on coarse disperse system

Emulsion Suspension
Emulsion - Dispersion phase is liqiud
Suspension - Dispersion phase is solid

Alcohols and Alcoholism

noreply@blogger.com (Pharmacistgoal) — Wed, 29 Apr 2020 20:44:00 +0530

alcohol image

Alcohols and Alcoholism

Introduction

colourless volatile flammable liquid which is produced by the natural fermentation of sugars and is the intoxicating constituent

In chemistry - any organic compound whose molecule contains one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a carbon atom.

Alcohols obtained from sugar,water,yeast
Used in medines nutritious food and beverages
Beverages mean liquor or drink

Type of alcohol drinkers

1. Social drinkers –drinks only at social function

2. Social heavy drinkers –drink heavy in social function more and commonly drink

3. Alcoholics –daily drinkers consumes high amount of alcohols

Pharmacology of alcohols

Ethanol it industrial use produce mainly by ethylene
Have molecular formula C₂H₅OH
Mainly found in alcoholic beverages only vary with concentration
ETHANOL IS WATER SOLUBLE
All produce by process of fermentation
REACTION
C6H12O6(GLUCOSE) ---------> 2C2H5OH(EHTHANOL) +2CO2

Pharmacologial properties of alcohol

Local action –applied topically shows no. of effects .cool the skin through evaporationacct like astringent,counterirritant action

Serve property of antibacterial agent

Ethanol has bacteriocidal action

Systemic action –

Effect On CNS –act like cns depressant ,degree of depression is directly proportional to quantity of ethanol consumed

Blood increased ethanol shows sedation,comma and death,altered speech

Chronic ingestion lead to memory loss,emotional and sleep disorder (karasakoff’s disease)

Effect on CVS –moderate amount of alcohol cause vasodilation. reduction in myocardial contractility. Excess amount lead to chronc heart failure,also hypertension rhythmdistrubed.if sudden withdrawal done lead to cardiac arrhythmia

Effect on GIT –small amount cause stimulation of gastric juice and HCL. Blood loss lead to anemia. Big amoun lead to mal nutrition and vitamin deficiency. Also have risk of pancreatitis,hepattis and cirrhosis

Other Effect

May lead to impotence and sterility,impairs psycho-motor responces,ethanol act smooth muscle relaxant

think before drinking

PREANESTHTICS MEDICATION

noreply@blogger.com (Pharmacistgoal) — Wed, 29 Apr 2020 00:32:00 +0530

PREANESTHTICS MEDICATION

DEFINATION

Drugs are given before anesthesia to make it safe
It make easy to administration of anesthetics easy

Role of preanesthetics

Relief to anxiety
Amnesia for pre and post anesthetics event
Decrease salivary and mucous secration
Antiemetic effect extending to postoperative period
Decrease acidity and volume of gastric juice
So that it less damage if aspirated

Drugs used as preanesthetics
example

opoids-morphine(dose-10mg)I.V.
anti-anxiety-Diazepam(5-10mg)oral,lorazopam(2mg)I.M.
sedative-hypnotics -barbiturates (pentobarbitone 100mg oral)
anticholinergic -atropine(6mg I.M.),hyosine(6mg I.V.)
neuroleptics -chorpromazine(25mg),triflupromazine(10mg)
H2blockers -Ranitidine (150mg),famitidne(20mg)
metaclopromide -combine with h2 blocker for more effective

LOCAL ANESTHETICS

noreply@blogger.com (Pharmacistgoal) — Mon, 27 Apr 2020 20:02:00 +0530

local anesthetic image

LOCAL ANESTHETICS

Definition

Local anesthetics are drug which on topical application /injection cause “reversible loss of sensory perception on specially in restricted area “
Block degeneration and conduction of nerve impulse of all part where they come in contact without causing any structural damage

Pharmacology of local anesthetics

There are two type of anesthetics used in treatment as follows

Surface anesthetics and injectable anesthetics

Injectable anesthetics

They used for induction and maintainace of state called unconsciousness

Generally used i.v. route for administration

Faster less pain full

Surface anesthetics

It produce by topical application of surface anesthetics

On set of action and duration depend on site of administration

CLASSIFICATION OF SURFACE ANESTHETICS

A) Injectable anesthetics

Low potent,short duration	Ex.procaine,chloroprocaine
Middle potent &duration	Lignocaine,prilocaine
High potent,long duration	Tetracaine,(bupiv,ropiv,dibu)acaine

B) Surface anesthetics

soluble	Cocaine,lignocaine,tetracaine, benoxicaine
insoluble	Benzocaine,oxethazine

Chemistry of local anesthetics

Two type of linkage occur in local anesthetics as follows

Ester linked
Amide linked

Amide linked

More intense loner lasting anesthetics
Rarely cause sensitivity
Example–lignocaine,bupivacaine,dibucaine,prilocaine,ropivocaine

Ester linked

Less intense and short duration
Cause high risk of sensitivity and rarely used in infiltration or nerve block
Example –procaine,chloroprocaine,cocaine,tetracaine,benzocaine

Mode of action of local anesthetics

1)They block nerve conduction by decresing entry of Na⁺ ion during up store action of potential(A.P.)
2)As concentration of local anesthesia increased rate of rise of A.P.

3)All nerve fibers are sensitive to LAs, but due to a combination of diameter and myelination, fibers have different sensitivities to LA blockade, termed differential blockade. Type B fibers (sympathetic tone) are the most sensitive followed by type C (pain), type A delta (temperature), type A gamma (proprioception), type A beta (sensory touch and pressure), and type A alpha (motor). Although type B fibers are thicker than type C fibers, they are myelinated, thus are blocked before the unmyelinated, thin C fiber

GENERAL ANESTHETICS

noreply@blogger.com (Pharmacistgoal) — Sun, 26 Apr 2020 19:29:00 +0530

GENERAL ANESTHETICS

General anesthetics are the drug which produces reversible loss of all sensation and consciousness

Feature of general anesthetics is

Loss of all sensation
Sleep
Muscle relaxation
Abolition of refluxes

APPLICATION Of GENERAL ANESTHETICS

1.Analgesia

2.Loss of refluxes- to minimize response

3.Loss of consciousness- patient don’t know what happening outside

4.Provide skeletal muscle relaxation

CLASSIFICATION OF GENERAL ANESTHETICS

Based on routes of administration G.A. consist of two types -

1. Inhalation route

2. Intravenous route

INHALTION ROUTE

The inhalation route consist of two type of dosage from either it will be liquid or gas

Gas –

Nitrous oxide

cyclopropane

Liquid –

Halothane

Ether

Isoflurane

Desflurane

Sevoflurane

Enflurane

INTRAVENOUS ROUTE

The subtype of i.v. route done on the on the basis of activity of drug as follows

Short acting

Fast acting

FAST ACTING

Thiopentane sodium

Etomidate

Propofol

SLOWER ACTING

The slower acting consist of three type of drug as follows

Benzodiazepines –lorazopam,diazepam,midazolam,

Dissociative drug -Ketamine

Opoid or neuroleptic –Fentyl+droperidol

MECHANISM OF ACTION OF G.A.

Generally mechanism of G.A. is unknown

MINIMUM ALVEOLAR CONCENTRATION

Lowest conecentration of anesthetic in pulmonary alveoli needed to produce respoce to painful stimulas of an 50% individual

The lower MAC high potency of anesthetics

Pharmacology of intravenous anesthetics

This type of G.A.shows rapid on set of action and generally used for induction of anesthetics so called inducing agent.

These agents help to reduced the dose of inhalation anesthetics

Pharmacology of inhaltion anesthetics

It posses ideal properties of anesthetics but not fulfill there requirement

The transfer of anesthesia between lung to brain depend on

Alveoli to blood to brain and viceverca

ANESTHETICS

noreply@blogger.com (Pharmacistgoal) — Sat, 25 Apr 2020 20:34:00 +0530

ANESTHETICS

Anesthetics drug image

ANESTHESIA: It is a way of control of pain during a surgery or procedures by using medicine called anesthetics.

HISTORY OF ANESTHESIA

Before middle of 19^th century a no. of agents like – alchohol opium ,cannabis

18^th century by using volatile liquids – diethylether , chloroform

In 1844 Horace wall was 1^st used nirousoxide

Later on cyclopropane, thiopental, D-tubacurin introduced as anesthetics

GOALS OF ANESTHESIA:

Analgesia

Loss of reflexes- to minimize response

Loss of consciousness- patient don’t know what happening outside

Provide skeletal muscle relaxation

THEORIES INVOLVED IN ANESTHESIA:

Surface tension theory

Lipid/water partition theory
Membrane expansion theory
Clathrates formation theory
Inhibition of energy production / utilization
Membrane fluidsation theory

PRINCIPLE OF ANESTHESIA:

The basic concept of anesthesia is to prevent pain of patient

The main thing is “the higher function loss first then lower areas of function in brain and spinal cord it’s opposite lower areas stop functioning first then higher function”

STAGES OF ANESTHESIA:

THE satges of anesthesia discovered by “guedec”

The anesthesia has four stages as given below—

analgesia
delirium
surgical anesthesia
medullary paralysis

STAGE 1: ANALGESIA

Start from anesthetic inhalation to loss consciousness
Patient can hear see fell like dream
Minor operation carried out in this stage
Limited to start procedure

STAGE 2 : DELIRIUM STAGE

Start from loss consciousness’ to end with regular respiration
In this stage patient shout struggle , hold breath, jaws closed , heart rate increase , blood pressure increases, muscle tone increases, cough vomit may lead to aspirational pneumonia to death
Operative procedure carried out in this stage

STAGE 3: SURGICAL STAGE

START with regular respiration to end spontaneous breathing (apnoea )
It consist of 4 stages plane ( 1, 2, 3 ,4 ) respectively

Plane 1 –start regular respiration
Plane 2 –ceation of eye movement ,paralysis start
Plane 3 –increase abdominal extrusion; end with paralysis, except diaphragm
Plane 4 –ceasion of intercostal muscle , Diaphragm paralysis

STAGE 4 : MEDULLARY PARALYSIS (APONEA)

Also called over dose stage
Complete Respiration paralysis lead to failure of circulation to death

IDEAL PROPERTIES OF ANESTHETICS AGENT

Should be high potent
Should be easy to administered (apt not required)
Should have rapid induction and recovery without any unwanted symptoms
Non inflammable , non-toxic
Not irritant to mucosa
Should be cheap , stable ,easily stored

Pharmacistgoal

What Is Paper Chromatography Types And Apllication

Paper chromatography

History of paper chromatography

Techniques

paper partition chromatography

Paper adsorption chromatography

Steps involved in chromatography

Development techniques of chromatography

Types of chromatography paper

Application of paper chromatography

Conclusion

It is a technique for separating chemical substances on the basis of their different rate of migration across sheet of paper

chromatography it was developed to analyse structure of proteins

two different techniques involved in paper chromatography first one paper partition chromatography second paper adsorption chromatography

What Is Column Chromatography Types Apllication

Column Chromatography

INTRODUCTION

PRINCIPLE INVOLVED IN Column Chromatography

THEORIES OF Column Chromatography

Column packing technique

APPLICATION

GRADUATE PHARMACY APTITUDE TEST (GPAT)

GRADUATE PHARMACY APTITUDE TEST (GPAT)

Introduction

WHY CHOOSE GPAT

BASIC STRUCTURE OF GPAT

GPAT Exam Pattern can be checked as follows

GPAT 2020 Exam Centers

Documents Required at Exam

What Is Chromatography And It's Types

Chromatography

APPLICATION

Disperse system in pharmaceutics

Disperse system

Alcohols and Alcoholism

Pharmacology of alcohols

Pharmacologial properties of alcohol

PREANESTHTICS MEDICATION

PREANESTHTICS MEDICATION

LOCAL ANESTHETICS

LOCAL ANESTHETICS

Definition

Pharmacology of local anesthetics

Injectable anesthetics

Surface anesthetics

CLASSIFICATION OF SURFACE ANESTHETICS

Chemistry of local anesthetics

Mode of action of local anesthetics

GENERAL ANESTHETICS

GENERAL ANESTHETICS

APPLICATION Of GENERAL ANESTHETICS

CLASSIFICATION OF GENERAL ANESTHETICS

Gas –

Liquid –

INTRAVENOUS ROUTE

FAST ACTING

SLOWER ACTING

MECHANISM OF ACTION OF G.A.

MINIMUM ALVEOLAR CONCENTRATION

Pharmacology of intravenous anesthetics

Pharmacology of inhaltion anesthetics

ANESTHETICS