MCI SCREENING EXAM STUFF

Polycystic kidney disease

noreply@blogger.com (Siddardha) — Mon, 5 Feb 2018 02:26:00 +0530

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is an inherited disorder in which clusters of cysts develop primarily within your kidneys, causing your kidneys to enlarge and lose function over time. Cysts are noncancerous round sacs containing fluid. The cysts vary in size, and they can grow very large. Having many cysts or large cysts can damage your kidneys.

Polycystic kidney disease also can cause cysts to develop in your liver and elsewhere in your body. The disease can cause serious complications, including high blood pressure and kidney failure.PKD varies greatly in its severity, and some complications are preventable. Lifestyle changes and treatments might help reduce damage to your kidneys from complications.

CAUSES

The two main types of polycystic kidney disease, caused by different genetic flaws, are:

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Signs and symptoms of ADPKD often develop between the ages of 30 and 40. In the past, this type was called adult polycystic kidney disease, but children can develop the disorder.

Only one parent needs to have the disease for it to pass to the children. If one parent has ADPKD, each child has a 50 percent chance of getting the disease. This form accounts for about 90 percent of cases of polycystic kidney disease.
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). This type is far less common than is ADPKD. The signs and symptoms often appear shortly after birth. Sometimes, symptoms don't appear until later in childhood or during adolescence.

Both parents must have abnormal genes to pass on this form of the disease. If both parents carry a gene for this disorder, each child has a 25 percent chance of getting the disease.

Symptoms

Polycystic kidney disease symptoms can include:

Increased size of your abdomen due to enlarged kidneys
A feeling of fullness in your abdomen
Urinary tract or kidney infections

High blood pressure
Blood in your urine
Back or side pain
Kidney stones
Kidney failure
Headache

Prevention

If you have polycystic kidney disease and you're considering having children, a genetic counselor can help you assess your risk of passing the disease to your offspring.

Keeping your kidneys as healthy as possible may help prevent some of the complications of this disease. One of the most important ways you can protect your kidneys is by managing your blood pressure.

Renal agenesis

noreply@blogger.com (Siddardha) — Sun, 4 Feb 2018 23:57:00 +0530

Renal agenesis

Renal agenesis is a condition in which a newborn is missing one or both kidneys. Unilateral renal agenesis (URA) is the absence of one kidney. Bilateral renal agenesis (BRA) is the absence of both kidneys.

Both types of renal agenesis occur in fewer than 1 percent of births annually. Fewer than 1 in every 1,000 newborns has URA. BRA is much rarer, occurring in about 1 in every 3,000 births.

The kidneys perform functions that are necessary for life. In healthy people, the kidneys:

produce urine, which removes urea, or liquid waste, from the blood
keep a balance of sodium, potassium, and other electrolytes in the blood
supply the hormone erythropoietin, helping red blood cell growth
produce the hormone renin to help regulate blood pressure
produce calcitriol, also known as Vitamin D, which helps the body absorb calcium and phosphate from the GI tract

Everyone needs at least part of one kidney to survive. Without either kidney, the body cannot remove waste or water properly. This accumulation of waste and fluid can offset the balance of important chemicals in the blood, and leads to death without treatment.

What are the signs and symptoms of renal agenesis?

Both types of renal agenesis are associated with other birth defects, such as problems with the:

lungs
genitals and urinary tract
stomach and intestines
heart
muscles and bones
eyes and ears

Babies born with URA may have signs and symptoms at birth, in childhood, or not until later in life. Symptoms can include:

high blood pressure
poorly working kidney
urine with protein or blood
swelling in the face, hands, or legs

Babies born with BRA are very sick and do not usually live. They typically have distinct physical features that include:

widely separated eyes with skin folds over the eyelids
ears that are set low
a nose that is pressed flat and broad
a small chin
defects of the arms and legs

This group of defects is known as Potter Syndrome. It occurs as a result of reduced or absent urine production from the fetal kidneys. The urine makes up a large part of the amniotic fluid that surrounds and protects the fetus.

Who is at risk for renal agenesis?

Risk factors for renal agenesis in newborns appears to be multi-factorial. This means that genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors combine to create a person’s risk.

For example, some early studies have linked maternal diabetes, young maternal age, and alcohol use during pregnancy to renal agenesis. More recently, studies have shown prepregnancy obesity, alcohol use, and smoking to be linked to renal agenesis. Binge drinking, or having more than 4 drinks over 2 hours, during the second month of pregnancy also increases risk.

Environmental factors may also result in kidney defects like renal agenesis. For example, maternal medication use, illegal drug use, or exposure to toxins or poisons during pregnancy may be factors.

What causes renal agenesis?

Both URA and BRA occur when the uretic bud, also called the kidney bud, fails to develop at an early stage of fetal growth.

The exact cause of renal agenesis in newborns is not known. Most cases of renal agenesis are not inherited from the parents, nor do they result from any behavior by the mother. Some cases, however, are caused by genetic mutations. These mutations are passed on from parents who either have the disorder or are carriers of the mutated gene. Prenatal testing can often help determine if these mutations are present

Diagnosing renal agenesis

Renal agenesis is typically found during routine prenatal ultrasounds. If your doctor identifies BRA in your child, they can use a prenatal MRI to confirm the absence of both kidneys.

Treatment and Outlook

Most newborns with URA have few limitations and live normally. The outlook depends on the health of the remaining kidney and the presence of other abnormalities. To avoid injuring the remaining kidney, they may need to avoid contact sports when they’re older. Once diagnosed, patients of any age with URA need to have their blood pressure, urine, and blood tested annually to check kidney function.

BRA is typically fatal within the first few days of a newborn’s life. Newborns usually die from underdeveloped lungs shortly after birth. However, some newborns with BRA survive. They must have long-term dialysis to do the work of their missing kidneys. Dialysis is a treatment that filters and purifies the blood using a machine. This helps keep your body in balance when the kidneys can’t do their job.

Factors such as lung development and overall health determine the success of this treatment. The goal is to keep these infants alive with dialysis and other treatments until they grow strong enough to have kidney transplants.

Prevention

Since the exact cause of URA and BRA is not known, prevention is not possible. Genetic factors can’t be changed. Prenatal counseling can help prospective parents understand the risks of having a baby with renal agenesis.

Women can lower the risk of renal agenesis by reducing exposure to possible environmental factors before and during pregnancy. These include use of alcohol and certain medications that can affect kidney development.

Early signs of Stroke

noreply@blogger.com (Siddardha) — Fri, 24 Nov 2017 20:29:00 +0530

Strokes occur due to problems with the blood supply to the brain: either the blood supply is blocked, or a blood vessel within the brain ruptures, causing brain tissue to die. A stroke is a medical emergency, and treatment must be sought as quickly as possible.

Stroke Warning Signs:-

Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body
Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding
Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes
Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination
Sudden, severe headache with no known cause

FMGE(MCI Screening) MARCH 2012 paper

noreply@blogger.com (Siddardha) — Tue, 28 Jun 2016 11:16:00 +0530

FMGE(MCI Screening) MARCH 2012 paper

1. True abt 1 hypothyroidism A/E ------- Low TSH
2. Mickel diverticulum DxOC ???.....Tc 99
3. Patient of CRF on dialysis, cause of death???......
4. HPV 8 asso. Cancer is ???.... Kaposi sarcoma
5. MC tumor of heart???.... Secondries / myxoma*
6. Rynaud's phenomenon???..... White blue-red
7. Prostate can MC arise from ?------ peripheral zone
8. Reed Sternberg cell seen in ?------ lymphoma
9. True abt acromegaly A/E ?------ muscle hypertrophy
10. MC complication of blood Tx ?------ febrile reaction
11. Classical Triad of massive blood Tx ?------ Acidosis , hypothermia , coagulopathy
12. All increase in shock A/E ?------ insulin
13. Pulsus bifuriance is seen in A/E ?------ Mitral valve prolapsed*
14. Zink deficiency known as ?------ acrodermatitis enetrohepatica
15. Typhoid ulce perforate on ?------ 3 wk (Not sure of this Que)
16. Absolute leucocytosis and rise TLC seen with ?------ diptherial infection*
17. MC tumor of new born male is ?------
18. True abt cluster headache A/E ?------ Female have 3 times more risk than male
19. Intentional tremor seen in ?------ cerebellar damage
20. True abt hypothyroidism A/E ?------ Tachycardia
21. ST elevation seen in A/E ?------ hypo Ca++ / hyper K+
22. Patient of ectopic cushing release of cortisol not true ?------ lemon stick app*/hypokalemia
23. Schistocyte is seen in ?------ microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
24. True abt Osteromalacia A/E ?------ higher serum Ca level
25. Not true for osteoporosis ?------ rise SAP {serum alkaline phosphatase}
26. True abt polycythema vera A/E ?------ increase level of Erythropoetin
27. True abt FRC ?------ increase with age
28. MAC infection occure when CD 4+ cell count ?------ less than <50 nbsp="" or="" span="" versa="" vise="">
29. Shrunken lung disease seen with which of following ?------ SLE
30. Puddle sign use for Dx of ?------ ascites
31. Last cardiac marker to rise in MI ?------ LDH
32. Liver biopsy C/I in ?------ Liver abscess
33. Amebic liver abscess dx by ?------USG
34. Rise in glucocorticoids lead to which of this condition?------ decrease inflammatory condition
35. True for A/E at high altitude ?------ rupture of capillary/alveoli**
36. Normal healthy person on alcohol consumption produce sever vomiting with persistant bleed in vomiting what is Dx ?------ mallory weiss syndrome
37. Scleroderma induce hypertension ACE inhibitor**
38. To prevent gas gangrene ?------ hyperbaric O2 therapy / proper debridement
39. Gold stand DxOC for Celiac disease biopsy
40. False about turner syndrome A/E ?------ female height less than 140 cm/ only seen in female
41. Individual with fasting glucose level 104 gm% and and 75 gm oral glucose measure after 2 hr reading is 111 gm % what is Dx ?------ he is normal / has impaired glucose tolerance
42. Renal papillary necrosis cause by A/E choronic tobacco use
43. Most common cause of Addison di
44. Tremor start in alcohol withdrawal within ?------ 12 hr/ 12-24 hr/ 48-72 hr
45. Patient with subnephrotic protinuria , low serum C3 complement level what is Dx?------ membrabous GN/ lupus nephritis
46. True abt Achalasia cardia A/E ?------ LES pressure decrease in menometory
47. Patient with FVC is 90% and FEV1/FVC is 86% , O2 saturation on exercise drop from 91% to 86 % dx ?------ Primary Pulmonary hypertension
48. TB joint/synovium, synovial fluid finding of ?------ increase protein, decrease sugar......incerease lymphocyte
49. All of following show shrunken kidney except ?------
50. Patient with blood in urine with low serum albumin ..(other symptoms were given) , what is propable diagnosis for this ?------ FSGN/Minimal change disease/MPGN/
(in med Que some other related subs question also added)
Surgery
1. Osler shellen regimen use for?------ Appendicular lump
2. FANC use for A/E ?------follicular ca of thyroid
3. In which breast cancer would u like to o biopsy of opposite breast ?------ lobular carcinoma
4. Which of following has high risk of invasive breast cancer?------ apocrine metastasis*
5. Splenic angle asso with A/E ?------ ileo-cecal junction*
6. MC tumor of appendix ?------Argentaffinoma
7. Undesending testis is ?------ All of above (sterility/ torsion/ infertility)
8. Newborn present with Congenial inguinal hernia what is next best step ?------ conservative/ operate immediately / wait till 3 year than sx/
9. Marjoline ulcer ?------ squamous cell carcinoma
10. Palmer surface in Burns - 1%
11. Fluid used in burn managemanet - Ringer Lactate
12. Escerectomy is require for which type of burn ?------ deep burn (subcutaneous )
13. Circumcision protect from ?------ all of above
14. Which of following prevent risk for carinoma of penis ..... circumcision
15. True abt obstructive jaundice A/E ?------ enlarge gall baldder
16. Most silent Renal stone ?------ Staghorn stone (Not sure for this Que)
OBG (25 ques)
1. H.mole MC metastasis to ?------ Lung
2. Rxoc for Chorioncarcinoma ?------ chemotherapy
3. Which of these infection not tx congenital ?------ adenovirus
4. During Suction and Evacuation uterus perforate what would u do?------ immediate leprotomy*
5. Percentage of Infertility for couple than unexplained ?------
6. Risk of rupture of LSCS ?------ 1-4 %
7. OCP protect against A/E ?------ Cancer cervix
8. External cephalic version is C/T for A/E ?------ sever breech
9. Pre-natal cause of death of infant ?------ Birth injury *
10. MCC of 1st Trimester abortion ?------ chromosomal anomaly
11. Longest fetal diameter ?------ mentovertical
12. At time of ovulation, true statement is ?------ 1st polar body release
13. On USG nuchal transulence is seen in A/E ?------ fetal infection/down syndrome/ cardiac defect/
14. Late decleration of fetus is seen with ?------ fetal anoxia
15. MC type of twins ?------ Dichorionic diamniotic (dizygotic twin) monochorinic diamniotic (monozygotic twin)*
16. True abt placental separation A/E ?------ decrease in fundal height
17. test use for sperm dx motility or morphology?------ (not sure for motlity)
18. Correct sequence of lochia. ?------ Rubra ,serosa-alba
19. Fetal hemetopoetic in liver start at ?------ 12 week (something of fetal hematopoetic Question not sure this one.)
20. Uterine artery is brach of ?------ internal ileac artery
21. Cu T 380 A life span if ?------ 10 year
22. Acyclical vaginal bleeding knowns as ?------ meterorrhagia
23. Failure rate of sterilization by pomeroy method ?------ 0.4
OPTHALMOLOGY (25 questions were ask in paper) 1. Max. Visual impaire seen with??? post. Sub scapular cataract
2. 1st line Rx for sever OAG???...... pilocarpine* latanoprost*
3. Trabeculotomy mostly sefull for ???...â€¦.ACG (or vise versa)
4. Keratometer measure???......corneal curvature
5. Recurrent corneal erosion seen with???........Corneal dystrophy
6. Drug use for dendritic ulcer A/E???........corticosteriod
7. Which CN paly cause Exposure keratitis???......CN 7{facial nerve}
8. Coroiditis mostly asso with???.....RA
9. Micropsia, metamorphopsia, seen with which of following???.... post uveitis
10. Cobble stone papille seen in???........Spring catarrh{vernal keratocunj.}
11. Drug use for vernal keratoconjuctivitis???.......Olonpatadine
12. Post.stypyloma seen in ???......Degenerative mypoia
13. Excessive accommodation produce???â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦. Peudomyopia
14. Neovascularization 1st occur at???.......diskâ€¦..retinaâ€¦coroidâ€¦.iris???
15. Altitudinal hemianopia seen with???........AION
16. Tobacco amblyopia treated by???â€¦â€¦..cobalamine (B12)
17. 6th CN palsy eye deviate toward right side..which is ture???....head turn to right
18. Visual defect with pituitary tumor is???.......Bitemporal hemoanpia
19. M/C/C of vitreous hemorrhage in young adult???......Trauma
20. Rhegmatogous retinal detachment seen A/E???...... DM
21. Orbital cellulitis M/C asso withâ€¦ Ethmoiditis (not sure this Q was in paper)
22. Viual aquity of an eye is best described as
PSM 1. Millennium goal achieved by???.......2015
2. Which of these has poor source of Vit D???.......Fish fat,egg.olive oil.
3. Acceptable noise in Hospital (In db)???......40-60 db/15-30db/35-50db
4. Weight gain in Pregnancy for indian women???.....12kg*/10 kg *( 11 kg is not in Option)
5. Residual chlorine is measure by???.....Chloroscope
6. 6 month old infant present with breathing rate of 40/min Dx will be???......pneumonia other option are /sever, /mild,/no pneumonia
7. IMR does not include???Perinatal mortality
8. Direct cause of Maternal death is???...... Hemorrhage
9. M/C/C of MMR is???.....Hemorrhage (yes this Que is asked twice )
10. Female MPW can Dx A/E ??? .Chronic Renal failure
11. How much meal in gm is given in mid day meal program????........50 ,/ 100,/ 150,/ none??? (75 gm is not in option)
12. Cafeteria approach use for ???........ family planning programe
13. carrier state not possible -tetnus
14. Disease Tx by mite???.....scrub typhus
15. One community block for???.......100 village and 100000 population
16. In normal distribution Mean + 2SD will cover ???.......95.4
17. True abt breast milk A/E???..... max production at 12 month of lactation
18. Indicator of water contamination???......E.coli
19. Reverse cold chain use for ???.........Transport of polio stool sample from PHC to CHC
20. Measles vaccine post exposure can be use up to ???.....3 days (not sure this Q was in paper)
21. Soiling Index use for ???.....Air pollution
22. Sanitary line should be away minimum of ???.......10 m,100m,
23. Which is not the element of health care system???
24. Triad of Epidemiology ???.......- Agent , Host, Environment ,â€¦ distribution, determination,
25. A case of Filariasis A/E??? - Oncocerca Volvulus /Brugiya Malayi/ Timori/ / W. Bancrofti
26. BMI defined as???..... Wt/Ht2 X 100 (yes there is 100 given in option that's why many student make mistake )
27. Total fertility -----gross reproductive rate
28. Chronic S/E of newer Drug is access in which pahse of clinical trial ? phase 4
29. kata thermometer-cooling power of air (not sure this Q was in paper)
Radiology
1. Radioisotopes use for thyroid destruction???........I131
2. Pencil and cup deformities/apperance seen in???
3. Adder head app seen in???......Ureterocele
4. Mickel diverticulum DxOC ???.....Tc 99 (not sure this Q was in paper)
5. Dxoc for interstitial lung disease?------ HRCT
6. mc radiosensitive tumor -seminoma
7. Bone in bone is seen in ?------ osteopetrosis*
8. Three cup urine test use for Dx ?------
PHYSIO
1. T Cells develop in - Thymus
2. Normal plasma osmolarity?------ 280-290mosmol/L
3. LtB4 is made by which pathway?------ ----LOX
4. Hering –Breuer reflex is ?------prevent further inflation of lung
dermatology
1. Acantholytic cell seen in ?------phemphigus valgaris
Anat
1. Urogenital diaphram is made of A/E?------
Anasthesia
1. False about propofol ?------
2. Local anesthetic mechanism of action ?------ block Na+ channel
FSM
1. Diatoms are seen in which type of death - Drowning
2. Last muscle to under go …………?------
Psychi
1. A child always fights in school, has deciplinry problems in school - Conduct Disorder *
2. Death of near one lead to A/E ?------Anger*
3. True abt bulimia nervosa A/E ?------ menorrhegia
Pharma(25-30 questions) 1. Drug use oral for Pseudomemranous colitis ?------ vancomycin
2. Which of following is nephrotoxic and ototoxic ?------ vancomycin
3. Jet black tongue is seen in ?------ cocaine abuse
4. True abt Atropine A/E ?------ bronoconstriction
5. Busulphan S/E is ?------ pulmonary fiberosis
6. Anti cancer drug most commonly asso with vomiting ?------cisplatin
7. Mechanism of action of sildenafil ?------
8. Infant present with salivation, lacrimation , diarrhea what is most likely poisoing ?------ organophosphate
9. Antidote of cyanide poisoing. ?------sodium thiosulphate
10. Drug used in management of NSAID induced Ulcer ?------PPI
11. For Anti diarrheal drugs which is true?------
12. True chronic S/E of of following drugs A/E?------ amiodarone with phosphate deposition in tissue
13. True abt phynylephrine?------
14. Drug use for parkinson disease?------ Promethazine
15. Drug use for prostate cancer ?------ Finasteride
16. Thiazide diuretic can lead to ?------ hypercalcemia
17. Drug act by inhibiting RNA sequence ?------
18. Drug cause Retro peritoneal fibrosis?------ Bromocriptin
19. Which one is action of B-agoinst A/E?------
Orthopedics
1. Ant Shoulder dislocation - Axillary Nerve Injury
2. Nerve damage in # of Shaft of Humorous ???.......Radial nerve
3. Cock up splint seen in???..... Radial nerve damage
4. In # of tibia which nerve damage ???.... common peroneal nerve*
5. Ulner nerve damage lead to ???........claw finger hand
6. True abt Neurapraxia is ???...... Physiological nerve conduction block
7. Avascular necrosis seen in - Talus
8. Tendon reflex carry by – type 1a fiber (something typical question was there not sure this one.)
ENT
1. Eustesian tube open at ?------ behind ferior meatus
2. Rhynophyma is ?------ hypertrophy of …………*
3. Bacterial abscess from ear infection cause by ?------ strep pneumococcus*
4. Pneumatic bone is ?------ frontal sinus
5. Safety muscle of larynx is?------ post cricoarytenoid
6. Caloric test stimulates ?------ lateral semicircular canal
7. For Tunnig fork test frequency use is ?------ 512 Hzs
Microbiology 1. gas gangrene is cause by ?------ Clostridium welchi
2. Botulinum toxin ?------ presynaptic action
3. Pseudomembraeous colitis(rather than pseudo they… wrote something else ) cause by ?------ Clostridium defficile
4. Dermatophytones cause infection of ?------ All of above (hair/ nail/skin)
5. Paule bannel test use for dx of ?------ infectious mononeucliosis
6. Lag phase of bacterial life cycle represent ?------
7. Which is precipitation test ?------ Weil-felix reaction
8. Negri body is seen in ?------ Rabies
Biochem (about 15-17 question) 1. B1 deficiency is Dx by ?------
2. Insulin stimulate which enzyme ?------ Glycogen synthase
3. Alpha KGD and PHD deficiency asso with ?------ beriberi
4. Which of this is collagen synthesis defect ?------ all four option are collagen defect (scurvy/ osteogenic imprefecta/ other two)
5. AA is use for Purine synthesis ?------ gycine**
6. Precursor of Dopamine?------ tysosine

FMGE(MCI Screening) SEPTEMBER 2011 paper

noreply@blogger.com (Siddardha) — Tue, 28 Jun 2016 10:55:00 +0530

2011 September exam questions

1. chemoprophylaxis for meningococcal meningitis is?
2. doc for PSVT is?
3. how many polar bodies r seen in XXY syndrome?(choices-1,2,3,none).
4. hyaditiform mole,best way of management?
5. in a mammogram,the malignant tissues of the breast appear as?
6. in order to prevent oneself from seeing excess violence shown on the tv,one stops watching the tv ,this is an ex. of?(choices---operant condtng,punishment,etc).
7. inguinal lymphnode metastasis m/c occurs from wotf tumor?(choices-testis,prostate,penile,etc).
8. ischemic heart disease is associated with which type of cholesterol?
9. m/c cause of bleeding from the breast?(this was REALLY CLOSE cuz of the choices (carcinomas,pappiloma,etc).
10. m/c malignancy is seen in which paranasal sinus?
11. m/c opportunistic infection in AIDS is?
12. most reliable evidence of fecal contamination of water is?
13. most serious complication of d fracture of long bones is?
14. -pattern of rash which is not seen in measles is?
15. souther blot technique is used for detection of? Dna
16. WHO - International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10 year
17. wotf cause serious withdrawal complications?(choices-alcohol,heroin,morphine etc).
18. wotf is not a mature method of defence mechanism?(choices-acting out,projection,adjustment,etc).
19. wotf is seen in patients of hypothyroidism? cold intolrance
20. % of local anasthesuia
21. 0.3 cup disk
22. 1 in month village
23. 10 years ocp
24. 80-90 pressur normal pressue of manual vacuum aspiration performed for MTP is?
25. a -1 anti tripsin---emphsema
26. a feto protein dec. in down syndrome
27. ab collituis c difficule
28. abdominal cramps,diarrohea,vomiting,flushing are seen in which poisoning?arsenic
29. albumin life span
30. aldosteron mc work on c.d
31. alfa rays
32. alkeptonuruia homogentisic
33. amastrigate form bone biopsy
34. anti dna antibody
35. anti tb safe in renal failure
36. aortic volve close at
37. arteriol sheath seen in
38. asherman syndrome----dilation+
39. atropin
40. azygous vain
41. b hcg
42. b1
43. best thyroid test tsh
44. burn pt cardiogenic shock
45. burnning riger lactate
46. ca199 pancreas
47. calori test
48. candida
49. cardial effusin-----ecg
50. cervical neolplasm punch biopsy
51. chalcosis
52. chi square test
53. clitioris
54. co half life
55. co2 abdominal ablation surgery,which gas is used 2 fill the peritoneum?(choices-co2
56. cockup splint is used for?
57. conduct money means wat? Witness
58. culture
59. cushings syndrome suppression test wid low or high dose of dexamethasone
60. delay sosial smaile
61. delusion
62. desendens testis oppration ,2 month
63. diptheria chinese latter
64. disease that is brought from outside of a country is k/a
65. doc dic d dimer assay
66. drug that work without chang acid profile stomach
67. drugs cause torsa de points
68. duptryan contracture mc in -ring finger
69. during hanging by rope,the mark left on the neck is an ex. Of
70. e coli causes all
71. efect on respiratin on cut
72. effect on gastric secretion 70% c
73. endometriosis---- pain 1st symption
74. fassial n supply muscle
75. gastric lavage not usefull in parasitamol
76. glass gloe modrate 10-12
77. gluse co transport na
78. glycemic index
79. gold std for infertility trans vaginal sonography
80. good pasture steroids
81. hand fracture bone scaphoid
82. hand wash
83. hanging cast
84. hba1c
85. hemarrage ist aid pressur
86. heparin ptt
87. high pressur marometer false 10 low
88. horners syndrome,which is not seen n choices were in the form of ipsilateral miosis,anhydrosis etc?
89. house mad knee
90. how many chest compressions per minute 2 b done during cpr
91. hydated dis-livetr
92. hylin rds
93. hypersegmented neutrophil megaloblast anemia
94. hypochlorus
95. hypoglysemic drug- inhbit glu transport in scaltel mussel
96. ie
97. ig
98. im
99. implantation accur at 6,7,8,10 day
100. in mid-day meal the daily protein n crabohydrate provided in terms of fraction of total amount of calories intake
101. intersteial lung dis----hrct
102. iron transporting protein is?(transferring,etc).
103. ist stage dis diagnosis
104. janni suraksha
105. kfd tick
106. koch's postulate is not obeyed by which disease?
107. koplik spot
108. kuppu swami
109. label of harmones Increse fsh
110. ldl hdl ratio 3.5
111. least chance of a scar after which surgery
112. length same mussel
113. live born children
114. lower border of scapula formed by?(T5,T6,T7,T10)
115. lung carcinoma m/c associated with?(choices-asbestosis,silicosis,etc
116. m/c female genital fistula vvf
117. m/c orbital malignancy of childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma
118. m/c source of radiation to the general human population? computter
119. mamory.,emotion,
120. mc hypospadiasis
121. mc s/e maual succsetion hamarrage
122. mc s/e of lscs---utrus palvic organ 6/8
123. mc stone ampula
124. mcc of invertd utrus short cord clum length
125. mcc of ruk ruk kr bleeding--- abortion
126. mesals 14
127. milk 24 hour
128. most infectious stage of malarial parasite spherozoits
129. most reliable evidence of fecal contamination of water is
130. mtp sign bubbel /rough surfess all
131. multiple myloma plasma count >10
132. myoglobinuria is seen in a a pt after wotf mode of injury?(choices-chemical burn,electric shock,etc).
133. nasion
134. neonatal joindice 5th day
135. neonatal joindice caused by
136. non epi --- epi nephrin sam
137. nose u/l plurant discharge with small
138. not a grass root worker
139. not a live vaccine hip b
140. not pre malignanat harnia
141. o2 n hight acomadised hb saturation
142. ocp absolut c/I in --liver dis
143. opsonin
144. pain pain
145. panel
146. parcitamol
147. pcv all except
148. pet scan
149. pig
150. pirl index
151. polio
152. potantionl
153. preg indused htn doc
154. preload after load
155. prevalence of iodine deficiency in a community is best assessed by
156. pummer vision syndrome
157. radio senstive dna/mito
158. radioisotope in teletherapy
159. renal art thrombosis caused by all sle
160. reson of sub arachanaoid hemmorrage
161. rhumatoid arthritis
162. round ligament
163. scabies doc --ivermactin
164. senstivity
165. serum sickness 2
166. sign of aortic regergitation
167. size of the dust that is inhaled n reaches the lung,5 micron size dust
168. skin saved by radeation meltonin
169. sperm gains its motility in which part
170. steroids c/I eye ulser
171. stock n glove neuropathy seen in?
172. syphlis not effectyed testis
173. tanis albo
174. tantative cut susidal
175. testosteron sertoli
176. tichuria not live in small intestine
177. tonsil muscel
178. trachea is displaced to the lateral side in all of the following except?- fibrosis
179. troponin t mayocardial
180. urban center
181. urea sycle
182. urinary tract is lined by which epithelium
183. uti infection e coli
184. vaso contracter
185. village 1.6 km
186. vit k
187. vitiman a xeropthalmia 60 mg 2 dose
188. wegenr's treatment
189. weight hight
190. when a person cannot perform daily life activities which is considered normal for his age,its k/a?disability
191. which structure is related 6 mm upward n backward of the upper punctum of the eye?
192. which worm doesnot infest the small intestine?
193. who milk 6 month
194. wilson dis best screening test kf ring
195. woman gives birth a a child who has rashes on the palmar plantar surfaces,n this woman has a h/o previous still birth.the most likely condition this newborn is having is- pku
196. wotf cause serious withdrawal complications?(choices-alcohol,heroin,morphine etc).
197. wotf is not seen in chikungunya arthritis?
198. wotf placental anomaly is seen most commonly postcaesarean delivery?
199. wrinchoff psycosis
200. yello fever aidies
201. zn deposition

FMGE(MCI Screening) MARCH 2010 paper

noreply@blogger.com (Siddardha) — Sat, 25 Jun 2016 11:50:00 +0530

MARCH 28-2010 paper

1.Bed's capacity in chc?
1.30
2.35
3.25
4.40

2.Blow out fracture effects?
1.Lateral
2.medial
3.internal
4.zygomaticus

3.vitreous hemorrhage due to all except?
1.macular degeneration.
2.DB.

4.Short staure in child is due to?
1.cretinism
2.growth hormone less

5.drugs for non Hodgkin lymphoma?
1.R CHOP
2.ABVD
3.ABCD

6.Travelers Diarrhea?
1.E.colli
2.S.aures

7.While ligating Thyroid Artery Which nerve may damage?
1.sup laryngeal.
2.external laryngeal.
3.lateral laryngeal.

8.Cause for secondary hypertension?
1.taking too much salt.
2.increased diet.

9.Patient on RNTCP should visit to doctor?
1.1 2 3 month.
2.2 3 4 month.
3.2 3 5 month.
4.1 3 5 month.

10.Nutmeg liver is seen in?
1.Amyloidosis.
2.Alcohol.

11.One question about ARDS?

12.All are seen in parkinsonism?
1.fascinating.
2.switch on off.

13.Horse shoe kidney is seen in?

14.Plasma level rise in pregnancy up to?
1.30% (acc to sakshi arora)
2.40% (harmeet goeal)i marked
3.50%(harmeet goel)
4.60%

15.D.O.C for schizophrenia?
1.anti depressant.
2.anti psychotic.

16.D.O.C for migraine?
1.ondansetran.
2.sumatriptan.

17.Wrigley's forceps are?
1.outlet forceps.

18.I.O.C for pelvic inflammation something?
1.U.S.G

19.To measure I.O.L power?
1.S.R.K.
2.biometry.
3.PRC.

20.Intra abdominal pressure?
1.15.
2.25.
3.20.

21.Child's spine ends at?
1.L2.
2.L3.
3.L4.

22.Sensitivity is for?
1.true positive.
2.true negative.
3.false positive.
4.false negative.

23.spider leg appearance is seen in?
1.Poly-cystic kidney.

24.Enzyme early to rise in M.I?
1.Trponin.
2.Myoglobulin.
3.CPK MB.

25.One Sub center in backward areas is for?
1.1/5000.
2.1/2000.
3.1/3000.
4.1/1000.

26.Most common manifestation in interstitial lung disease?
1.Dyspnea.
2.wheezing.
3.cough.

27.In which of the following Hyper resonance is not seen?
1.pneumothorax.
2.emphysema.
3.pneumonia.

28.Bysinosis is due to?
1.Cotton dust.
2.Molasses.

29.Most common cause of erectile dysfunction?
1.Psychologically.
2.drugs induced.
3.alcohol.

30.Which of the following is not performed by female MPW?
1.Condoms distribution.
2.child's vaccination.
3.education.
4.something.

31.I.O.C for acute cholecystitis?
1.x-ray.
2.U.S.G.

32.Non-Ionizing radiation are all except?
1.x-ray.
2.U.S.G.
3.Neutron.

33.One question pneumonia related?

34.Shick test is a type of?
1.agglutination.

35.Bhopal gas tragedy is?
1.Point.

36.Dengue is spread by?
1.aedes.
2.rat.
3.flea.

37.Ist D.O.C in malaria?
1..Chloroquine.
2.Mefloquine.
3.quinine.
4.Primaquine.

38.E.N.T..Gardenerfield something?
1.Diplopia.
2..Otorohea.
3.Retro-orbital deep pain.

39.Sieldinger technique is done for?
1.CT.
2.Angiography.

40.T.Balintidium is caused by?
1.Rat.
2.Pig.
3.Dogs.
4.Cats.

41.E.S.I Act benefit leave?
1.81 days.
2.71 days.
3.91 days.
4.61.days.

42.A child undergoes a tooth extraction after 6 hours present with bleeding from mouth due to which facror deficiency?
1.8.
2.5.
3.6.

43.Alcoholic person since 20 years present with relentlessness,Anxiety,changed behaviour..is due to?
1.delirium tremens.
2.alcohol induced.

FMGE (MCI Screening) SEPTEMBER 2009 paper

noreply@blogger.com (Siddardha) — Sat, 25 Jun 2016 11:35:00 +0530

SEPT-2009-paper

1.goblet cells r not seen in a) colon b) trachea
2.international certificate needed in- yellow fever
3.hydated cyst,diagnosis
a.x-ray b Elisa(ans)
4.hepatitis A infectivity period...how many weeks before and after jaundice
5.uterine artery is a branch of?
6.ankyloblepharitis definition...
7.laser used after cataract?
8.buerger's disease affects- arteries only
9.bilateral breast ca- Lobular type
10.best investigation of choice in breast ca-FNAC(biopsy was not in options)
11.glaucoma,drug not given- atropine
12.Duch. muscle dystrophy,muscles first affected,pathognomic-
a calf muscles b shoulder muscles
13.retinitis pigmentosa, all seen except- central scotoma
14.anesthesia of choice in an icu patient?
15. malignant otitis media causative agent-S.aureus?
16.sinus seen superior in lateral view- frontal,ethmoid,sphenoid..
17.bone scan- technitium?
18.alkaline phosphatase is seen in all except- prostatic(acid phosphatase seen)
19.alkaline phosphatase is not raised in- multiple myeloma
20.phaeochromocytoma which is more raised- noradrenaline
pericardial effusion diagnosis- Echocardiogram
22.type of murmer heard in aortic regurgitation?
23.which vien has got valves- femoral vein?
24.Tinel's sign-regeneration of a nerve
25.goals of health policy 2002 r all except?
26.2 nuceii at tail
a B.malayi b Br.filiriasis
27.school health examination- 6 monthly/biyearly
28.WHO, no. of check ups for a woman having normal pregnancy-4,8,12,14
29.Risky baby-weight less than 80% of expected wt.
30.corneal nutrition is from- aqueous humour?
31.vancomycin is used in all except?
32.C-shaped barium swallow- Ca head Pancreas
33.Alcohol ingestion,raised- SGOT, SLDH
34.apical lung ca can be due to-SVC syndrome
35.most common ca of upper eyelid-basal cell ca?
36.ratio of doors and windows to the floor for a classroom should be-20%,25,30,35
37.live vaccine- MMR
38.spores,gas gangrene,poisoning- Clostridium welchii (it is an old name for Clostridium perfringens remember)
39.delirium, worsening symptoms,etc after trans urethral resection of prostate(TURP)- water intoxication
40.after transfusion of stpred blood all can happen except- Increased 2,3 DGP
41.increased anion gap,all except-ureterosigmoidoscopy
42.tumor lysis syndrome all except-hypercalcemia
43.molluscum (m.contagiosum was not written)- bacteria,virus?,protozoa,fungus
44.traveller's diarrhoea- ETEC(i.e.enterotoxic e coli)
45.frequency in hz used for both Rinnies & Webers test-128,256,512,1024(as if it was Megabites in IT!)
46.vocal cord abductors all except-thyarytenoid
47.breathing type in ashtma
48.heller's myotomy is for-achlasia cardia
49.anticholinergic antibodies in-Myasthenia gravis?
50.if both vagi r cut what happens to breathing- increase in inspiration?
51.nodular glomerulosclerosis is pathognomic for-diabetic nephropathy
52.cns involvement in diabetes- autonomic neuropathy?
53.siladenitis in aids, all except...
54.haemorrhage in young adult- retinal periphlebitis(eales dse)
55.inguinal hernial sac in relation to spermatic cord-anterolateral,anteromedial,..
56.which muscle unlocks knee-popliteus?
57.uveitis is most commonly seen in- RA?
58.hydradenitis- apocrine gland obstruction
59.pilonidal cyst- occurs in anococcygeal region only?
60.4 year old can do all except-hop on one leg
61.oil layer of tear is secreted by-miobomian glands?
62.postural hypotension is when systolic bp drops below-10,20,30,40 mmhg
63.pain radiated to lobe of ear can be due to-ca base tongue, nasopharyngeal ca,...
64.human development index,all except- IMR
65.death is registered within-7 days
66.symptoms of heat exhaustion r all except-tachycardia, temp 37-40 c,...
67.blindness by who- visual acuity of less than 3/60
68.relation of fetus with respect to fetus- attitude?
69.pearl index
70.%age of children in india 1-5 years old- 13%
71.perinatal mortality,denominator is-live births
72.HsBsAg and HBeAg in hepatitis-acute and infectious
73.filaria r not found in-lymph node,lymphatics,blood,...
74.a child has.....- ans scabies
75.diphtheria toxin,mechanism of action...
76.iodine deficiency control indicator-neonatal hypothyroidism
77.pellagra caused by def of-niacin
78.pneumoperitoneum(is done by)-CO2
79.Triage, color code system used-1,2,3,none (ans is 4 color code system or none)
80.community health centre for-80000 to 120000
91.Arborescent burns- lightening?
92.bronciectasis diagnosis- HRCT
93.earliest detected by usg in pregnancy-anencephaly94.doc for resistant schizophrenia- clozapine?
95.auer rods- AML M3
96.Ch r studied during- metaphase
97.Erbs palsy-c?-c?
98.alpha wave properties in rem r all except...
99.vagal stimulation causes- bronchoconstriction
100.bloood testes barrier is by- sertoli cells
101.corticosteroids supress-ACTH?
102.erythroblastosis fetalis- type 2 hypersensitivity
103.Acculturation(spm)
104.max water is absorbed in -PCT
105.hypokalemia-ST depression?
106.dowry death-magistrate enquiry
107.a child has...urine musky odour....-Phenylketonuria?
108.position of knot in hanging- occiput
109.raunauds phenomenon- white>blue>red
110.ca cervix upto lower 1/3 of vagina-stage IIA
111.Autism-conation/cognitive disorder
112.bicarbonate exchange- kidney and lung?
113.heparin acts on factor(s)-...
114.what happens in Iridodialysis
115.lish nodules( hamartomas) in- neurofibromatosis
116-first step in inflammation...
117.frequent suicidal tendencies- severe depression
118.M.avium intracellulare-non photochromogens?
119.antidotes for organophosphate poisoning are all except- nalaxone
120.which is not removed in lumber sympathectomy-L1 (it will cause impotency,sterility)

Malaria In Childrens Video lecture

noreply@blogger.com (Siddardha) — Tue, 21 Jun 2016 22:11:00 +0530

Malaria in Children VIDEO LECTURE

Children are the worst affected, especially children aged 6 months to 5 years.There were an estimated 438 000 malaria deaths around the world in 2015, of which approximately 69% were in children under 5 years of age.Severe anemia, hypoglycemia and cerebral malaria are features of severe malaria more commonly seen in children than in adults.

WHO recommends the following package of interventions for the prevention and treatment of malaria in children:

use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs);
prompt diagnosis and effective treatment of malaria infections.
in areas of moderate-to-high transmission in sub-Saharan Africa, intermittent preventive therapy for infants (IPTi), except in areas where WHO recommends administration of seasonal malaria chemoprevention SMC;
in areas with highly seasonal transmission of the Sahel sub-region of Africa, seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) for children aged between 3 and 59 months;

Diagnosis and treatment

children with suspected malaria should have parasitological confirmation of diagnosis before treatment begins, provided that diagnosis does not significantly delay treatment.

Artemisinin derivatives are safe and well tolerated by young children, so the choice of ACT will be determined largely by the safety and tolerability of the partner drug. Many antimalarials lack paediatric formulations, necessitating the division of adult tablets, which can lead to inaccurate dosing.

WHO recommends new adjusted dosing schemes for dihydro-artemisinin + piperaquine in children weighing less than 25 kg and for parenteral artesunate in children weighing less than 20 kg. For infants weighing less than 5 kg with uncomplicated P. falciparum, WHO recommends treatment with an ACT at the same mg/kg body weight dose as for children weighing 5 kg.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

noreply@blogger.com (Siddardha) — Tue, 21 Jun 2016 21:54:00 +0530

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), previously known as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), adult respiratory distress syndrome, or shock lung, is a medical condition occurring in critically ill patients characterized by widespread inflammation in the lungs.ARDS is a life-threatening lung condition that prevents enough oxygen from getting to the lungs and into the blood. Infants can also have respiratory distress syndrome.

Causes

Breathing vomit into the lungs (aspiration)
Inhaling chemicals
Lung transplant
Pneumonia
Septic shock (infection throughout the body)
Trauma

Symptoms

Symptoms usually develop within 24 to 48 hours of the injury or illness. Often, people with ARDS are so sick they cannot complain of symptoms. Symptoms can include any of the following:

Difficulty breathing
Low blood pressure and organ failure
Rapid breathing
Shortness of breath

Investigations to diagnose ARDS include:

Arterial blood gas
Blood tests, including CBC and blood chemistries
Blood and urine cultures
Bronchoscopy in some people
Chest x-ray
Sputum cultures and analysis
Tests for possible infections

An echocardiogram may be needed to rule out heart failure, which can look similar to ARDS on a chest x-ray.

Treatment

ARDS often needs to be treated in an intensive care unit (ICU).
The goal of treatment is to provide breathing support and treat the cause of ARDS. This may involve medicines to treat infections, reduce inflammation, and remove fluid from the lungs.
A ventilator is used to deliver high doses of oxygen and positive pressure to the damaged lungs. People often need to be deeply sedated with medicines. During treatment, health care providers make every effort to protect the lungs from further damage. Treatment is mainly supportive until the lungs recover.

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Stethoscope placement Heart Sounds

noreply@blogger.com (Siddardha) — Tue, 14 Jun 2016 03:38:00 +0530

Stethoscope Placement For Listening Heart Sounds

As with palpation of the

heart, auscultation should proceed in a logical manner over 4 general areas on the anterior chest, beginning with the patient in the supine position. The 4 percordial areas are examined with diaphragm, including:

Aortic region (between the 2nd and 3rd intercostal spaces at the right sternal border) (RUSB – right upper sternal border).
Pulmonic region (between the 2nd and 3rd intercostal spaces at the left sternal border) (LUSB – left upper sternal border).
Tricuspid region (between the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th intercostal spaces at the left sternal border) (LLSB – left lower sternal border).
Mitral region (near the apex of the heard between the 5th and 6th intercostal spaces in the mid-clavicular line) (apex of the heart).

After this initial examination in the supine positions, several additional maneuvers should be accomplished in the thorough cardiac exam, as follows:

Instruct the patient to turn onto their left side (left decubitus position) and listen with the bell of the stethoscope at the apex for mitral stenosis (low pitched diastolic murmur).
Instruct the patient to sit upright and re-examine the 4 percordial regions, again with the diaphragm of the stethoscope.
Instruct the patient to lean forward, exhale, and hold their breath. Listen with the diaphragm between the second and third intercostal spaces at the rightsternal (aortic) and left sternal (pulmonic) areas for aortic regurgitation.

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Pediatric Abdominal Examamination

noreply@blogger.com (Siddardha) — Sun, 12 Jun 2016 03:18:00 +0530

Pediatric Abdominal Examamination

This video lecture demonstrates how to do an abdominal exam in a healthy child and in a patient with ascites.

Henry Lin, MD, a pediatric gastroenterologist at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, reviews how to evaluate the spleen, liver and bowel through an abdominal exam. He also demonstrates an exam in a patient with ascites.

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Abnormal gait patterns in children

noreply@blogger.com (Siddardha) — Sat, 11 Jun 2016 18:40:00 +0530

Abnormal gait patterns in children

The following is a list of abnormal gait patterns which may be seen in children and which may need further evaluation

Circumduction gait

Excessive hip abduction as the leg swings forwards
Typically seen with a leg length discrepancy, with a stiff/restricted joint movement as in JIA, or with unilateral spasticity as in hemiplegic cerebral palsy.

Spastic gait

Stiff, foot-dragging with foot inversion. This is often seen in upper motor neurone neurological disease (eg, diplegic or quadriplegic cerebral palsy, stroke).

Ataxic gait

Instability with an alternating narrow-to-wide base.
Seen in ataxic cerebral palsy affecting the cerebellum, in cerebellar ataxia, and inFriedreich's ataxia.

Trendelenberg's gait

Results from hip abductor muscle weakness or hip pain. While weight-bearing on the ipsilateral side, the pelvis drops on the contralateral side, rather than rising as is normal. With bilateral hip disease, this leads to a waddling 'rolling sailor' gait with hips, knees, and feet externally rotated.
May be observed in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, slipped upper femoral epiphysis, developmental dysplasia of the hip, arthritis involving the hip, muscle disease (eg, inherited myopathies), and neurological conditions.

Toe-walking gait with absent heel contact

Habitual toe walking is common in children and associates with normal tone, range of movement around the feet and normal walking on request. However, persistent toe walking is observed in spastic upper motor neurone neurological disease (eg, cerebral palsy). It can (rarely) be a presentation of mild lysosomal storage disorder.

Stepping gait

The entire leg is lifted at the hip to assist with ground clearance.
Occurs with weak ankle dorsiflexors, compensated by increased knee flexion.
Observed in lower motor neurone neurological disease (eg, spina bifida, polio) and peripheral neuropathies (eg, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease).

'Clumsy' gait

This term is commonly used to describe difficulties in motor co-ordination (fine and gross motor skills).
The child may present with frequent falls, and with difficulty in self-help skills such as dressing or feeding at school.
Poor handwriting and learning disabilities may be noted.
It is important to exclude specific, albeit mild, neurological disabilities (cerebral palsy, cerebellar ataxia, or lower motor neurone disorders), inflammatory arthritis or myopathies, and orthopaedic problems such as in-toeing.
Dyspraxia is a term for children with delayed motor development who fall in the bottom 5% for their age group. By definition this includes 5% of children and is a late-maturation problem which tends to be familial and is more common in boys. It causes 'clumsiness' but there is no specifically altered gait.

Antalgic gait (caused by pain)

Reduced time spent weight-bearing on the affected side.
A multitude of possible causes.
A smaller child may just present with unwillingness to weight-bear, so an index of suspicion is required.
May be observed in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), although children do not always complain of pain.

Normal Gait Of A 9 Year Old Boy

noreply@blogger.com (Siddardha) — Sat, 11 Jun 2016 18:30:00 +0530

Normal Gait Of A 9 Year Old Boy

Normal gait variations in children

The following are considered normal variations of gait in children, and parents will often consult for advice:

Toe walking is common up to 3 years.
In-toeing can be due to persisting femoral anteversion. Children walk with knees and feet pointing inwards (this is most common between ages 3-8 years).
Internal tibial torsion is also common (knees point forwards but feet point in).
Metatarsus adductus is a flexible 'C-shaped' lateral border of the foot. Most resolve by the age of 6 years.
Bow legs (genu varus) are common from birth to early toddler-hood, maximum at age 1 year, often with out-toeing. Most resolve by 18 months.
Knock knees (genu valgus) are common and associated with in-toeing. Most resolve by the age of 7 years.
Flat feet are common. Most children have a flexible foot with a normal arch on tiptoeing. Flat feet usually resolve by the age of 6 years.
Crooked toes. Most resolve with weight-bearing.

If these normal variations persist beyond the expected age range, are progressive or asymmetric, or if there is pain and functional limitation (or evidence of neurological disease) then referral is needed.

Remember to consider hypophosphataemic rickets in children with bow legs or knock knees, particularly if the child is also short (less than 25th centile for age).

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Normal newborn screening physical exam video

noreply@blogger.com (Siddardha) — Sat, 11 Jun 2016 18:23:00 +0530

Normal newborn screening physical exam video

Mothers of all infants are offered two screening physical examinations of their babies, one within the first 72 hours of birth and the second at 6-8 weeks of age. Like the mid-pregnancy ultrasound scan, this is a general examination which can detect a wide range of physical problems. But the following specific aspects of the examination are part of the screening programme and subject to pathway standards. This is used to screen for:

Congenital cataracts - by ophthalmoscope examination.
Congenital heart disease - by examination of the cardiovascular system.
Undescended testes - by palpation of the scrotum and inguinal canals.
Developmental dysplasia of the hip - by the Barlow and Ortolani tests and examination of the lower limbs for asymmetry or limited abduction.

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TE LINDE'S OPERATIVE GYNECOLOGY

noreply@blogger.com (Siddardha) — Wed, 8 Jun 2016 18:47:00 +0530

TE LINDE'S OPERATIVE GYNECOLOGY 11th Edition

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INFECTIOUS DISEASES

noreply@blogger.com (Siddardha) — Wed, 8 Jun 2016 18:45:00 +0530

David Schlossberg-Clinical Infectious Disease-Cambridge University Press (2015)

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Essentials of Clinical Infectious Diseases - Wright, William

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Infectious Diseases A Clinical Short Course , Third Edition by Southwick, Frederick

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Lippincott Illustrated Reviews Biochemistry 5th Edition

noreply@blogger.com (Siddardha) — Wed, 8 Jun 2016 02:58:00 +0530

Lippincott Illustrated Reviews Biochemistry 5th Edition

Thoroughly updated for its Fifth Edition, Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews: Biochemistry enables students to quickly review and assimilate large amounts of complex information through powerful visual resources essential to mastery of difficult biochemical concepts. Its signature outline format, full-color illustrations, end-of-chapter summaries, and USMLE-style review questions make it one of the most user-friendly books in the field. New features include expanded coverage of molecular biology.
A companion website offers fully searchable online text and additional USMLE-style questions for students and an image bank for faculty.
Need to master the concepts of biochemistry? Grab the Inkling version of Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews: Biochemistry. Spin a molecular compound on its axis with just your fingertips, or share notes with a friend. The Inkling version also includes an additional review chapter with 450 USMLE-style questions—study buddy not included.

chapter 1: Amino Acids
chapter 2: Structure of Proteins
chapter 3: Globular Proteins
chapter 4: Fibrous Proteins
chapter 5: Enzymes
chapter 6: Bioenergetics and Oxidative Phosphorylation chapter 7: Introduction to Carbohydrates
chapter 8: Glycolysis
chapter 9: Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
chapter 10: Gluconeogenesis
chapter 11: Glycogen Metabolism
chapter 12: Metabolism of Monosaccharides and Disaccharides
chapter 13: Pentose Phosphate Pathway and NADPH
chapter 14: Glycosaminoglycans, Proteoglycans, and Glycoproteins
chapter 15: Metabolism of Dietary Lipids
chapter 16: Fatty Acid and Triacylglycerol Metabolism
chapter 17: Complex Lipid Metabolism
chapter 18: Cholesterol and Steroid Metabolism
chapter 19: Amino Acids: Disposal of Nitrogen
chapter 20: Amino Acid Degradation and Synthesis
chapter 21: Conversion of Amino Acids to Specialized Products
chapter 22: Nucleotide Metabolism
chapter 23: Metabolic Effects of Insulin and Glucagon
chapter 24: The Feed/Fast Cycle
chapter 25: Diabetes Mellitus
chapter 26: Obesity
chapter 27: Nutrition
chapter 28: Vitamins
chapter 29: DNA Structure, Replication and Repair
chapter 30: RNA Structure, Synthesis and Processing
chapter 31: Protein Synthesis
chapter 32: Regulation of Gene Expression
chapter 33: Biotechnology and Human Disease

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DC Dutta's Textbook Of Gynecology 6th Edition

noreply@blogger.com (Siddardha) — Wed, 8 Jun 2016 02:41:00 +0530

DC Dutta's Textbook Of Gynecology 6th Edition

This new edition has been fully revised to present the latest developments in gynecology. Beginning with an introduction to the anatomy and development of female pelvic organs, the following chapters describe the diagnosis and treatment of both common and rare gynecological diseases and disorders. Many chapters have been revised and expanded, and several new chapters have been added including one dedicated to 'Current Topics' which discusses stem cells and therapies. Presented in a user-friendly format, with numerous graphics, diagrams, tables and charts, the sixth edition also uses color codes to highlight key points.

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Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews 6th Ed

noreply@blogger.com (Siddardha) — Wed, 8 Jun 2016 02:29:00 +0530

Lippincott's Illustrated bio-chemistry Reviews 6th Editon

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David Schlossberg-Clinical Infectious Disease

noreply@blogger.com (Siddardha) — Tue, 7 Jun 2016 19:55:00 +0530

David Schlossberg-Clinical Infectious Disease-Cambridge University Press (2015)

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Essentials of Clinical Infectious Diseases

noreply@blogger.com (Siddardha) — Tue, 7 Jun 2016 19:54:00 +0530

Essentials of Clinical Infectious Diseases - Wright, William

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Infectious Diseases A Clinical Short Course

noreply@blogger.com (Siddardha) — Tue, 7 Jun 2016 19:54:00 +0530

Infectious Diseases A Clinical Short Course , Third Edition by Southwick, Frederick

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Park's Preventive & Social Medicine

noreply@blogger.com (Siddardha) — Tue, 7 Jun 2016 19:53:00 +0530

Park's Preventive & Social Medicine, 23rd Edition

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Bailey & Love’s Short Practice of Surgery

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Bailey & Love’s Short Practice of Surgery - 26th Edition

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EMERGENCY MEDICINE E-Book

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ATLAS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2nd EDITION

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KINGFILES

HUGEFILES

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CLINICAL PROCEDURES IN EMERGENCY MEDICINE 4th EDITION

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CMDT-EMERGENCY MEDICINE-2004

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CMDT-PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR PRIMARY CARE 2007

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CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE 3rd EDITION

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TREATING DRUG PROBLEMS

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TREATMENT GUIDELINES FOR MEDICINE AND PRIMARY CARE

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MCI SCREENING EXAM STUFF

Polycystic kidney disease

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

Symptoms

Prevention

Renal agenesis

Renal agenesis

What are the signs and symptoms of renal agenesis?

Who is at risk for renal agenesis?

What causes renal agenesis?

Diagnosing renal agenesis

Treatment and Outlook

Prevention

Early signs of Stroke

FMGE(MCI Screening) MARCH 2012 paper

FMGE(MCI Screening) MARCH 2012 paper

FMGE(MCI Screening) SEPTEMBER 2011 paper

2011 September exam questions

FMGE(MCI Screening) MARCH 2010 paper

MARCH 28-2010 paper

FMGE (MCI Screening) SEPTEMBER 2009 paper

SEPT-2009-paper

Malaria In Childrens Video lecture

Malaria in Children VIDEO LECTURE

Diagnosis and treatment

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Causes

Symptoms

Symptoms usually develop within 24 to 48 hours of the injury or illness. Often, people with ARDS are so sick they cannot complain of symptoms. Symptoms can include any of the following:

Investigations to diagnose ARDS include:

Treatment

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Stethoscope placement Heart Sounds

Stethoscope Placement For Listening Heart Sounds

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Pediatric Abdominal Examamination

Pediatric Abdominal Examamination

This video lecture demonstrates how to do an abdominal exam in a healthy child and in a patient with ascites.

Henry Lin, MD, a pediatric gastroenterologist at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, reviews how to evaluate the spleen, liver and bowel through an abdominal exam. He also demonstrates an exam in a patient with ascites.

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Abnormal gait patterns in children

Abnormal gait patterns in children

The following is a list of abnormal gait patterns which may be seen in children and which may need further evaluation

Circumduction gait

Spastic gait

Ataxic gait

Trendelenberg's gait

Toe-walking gait with absent heel contact

Stepping gait

'Clumsy' gait

Antalgic gait (caused by pain)

Normal Gait Of A 9 Year Old Boy

Normal Gait Of A 9 Year Old Boy

Normal gait variations in children

Normal newborn screening physical exam video

Normal newborn screening physical exam video

TE LINDE'S OPERATIVE GYNECOLOGY

TE LINDE'S OPERATIVE GYNECOLOGY 11th Edition

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

David Schlossberg-Clinical Infectious Disease-Cambridge University Press (2015)

Essentials of Clinical Infectious Diseases - Wright, William

Infectious Diseases A Clinical Short Course , Third Edition by Southwick, Frederick

Lippincott Illustrated Reviews Biochemistry 5th Edition

Lippincott Illustrated Reviews Biochemistry 5th Edition

Table of Contents

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DC Dutta's Textbook Of Gynecology 6th Edition

DC Dutta's Textbook Of Gynecology 6th Edition

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Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews 6th Ed

Lippincott's Illustrated bio-chemistry Reviews 6th Editon

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David Schlossberg-Clinical Infectious Disease

David Schlossberg-Clinical Infectious Disease-Cambridge University Press (2015)

Essentials of Clinical Infectious Diseases

Essentials of Clinical Infectious Diseases - Wright, William

Infectious Diseases A Clinical Short Course