knowledge bank

Biography of Lala Lajpat Rai

2012-10-21T08:59:00.002-07:00

Born: January 28, 1865
Martyrdom: November17, 1928
Achievements: Popularly known as Lala Lajpat Rai; Founded the Indian Home League Society of America; became Congress President in 1920.

Lala Lajpat Rai was one of the foremost leaders who fought against British rule in India. He was popularly known as Punjab Kesari (Lion of the Punjab).

Lala Lajpat Rai was born on January 28, 1865 in village Dhudike, in present day Moga district of Punjab. He was the eldest son of Munshi Radha Kishan Azad and Gulab Devi. His father was an Aggarwal Bania by caste. His mother inculcated strong moral values in him.

Lala Lajpat Rai joined the Government College at Lahore in 1880 to study Law. While in college he came in contact with patriots and future freedom fighters like Lala Hans Raj and Pandit Guru Dutt. The three became fast friends and joined the Arya Samaj founded by Swami Daya Nand Saraswati. He passed his Vakilship Examination in Second Division from Government College in 1885 and started his legal practice in Hissar. Besides practicing, Lalaji collected funds for the Daya Nand College, attended Arya Samaj functions and participated in Congress activities. He was elected to the Hissar municipality as a member and later as secretary. He shifted to Lahore in 1892.

Lala Lajpat Rai was one of the three most prominent Hindu Nationalist members of the Indian National Congress. He was part of the Lal-Bal-Pal trio. The other two members of the trio were Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal. They formed the extremist faction of the Indian National Congress, as opposed to the moderate one led first by Gopal Krishna Gokhale. Lalaji actively participated in the struggle against partition of Bengal. Along with Surendra Nath Banerjee, Bipin Chandra Pal and Aurorbindo Ghosh, he galvanized Bengal and the nation in a vigorous campaign of Swadeshi. Lalaji was arrested on May 3, 1907 for creating "turmoil" in Rawalpindi. He was put in Mandalay jail for six months and was released on November 11, 1907.

Lalaji believed that it was important for the national cause to organize propaganda in foreign countries to explain India's position because the freedom struggle had taken a militant turn. He left for Britain in April 1914 for this purpose. At this time First World War broke out and he was unable to return to India. He went to USA to galvanize support for India. He founded the Indian Home League Society of America and wrote a book called "Young India". The book severely indicted British rule in India and was banned in Britain and India even before it was published. He was able to return to India in 1920 after the end of World War.

After his return, Lala Lajpat Rai,led the Punjab protests against the Jalianwala Bagh Massacre and the Non-Cooperation Movement. He was arrested several times. He disagreed with Gandhiji's suspension of Non-Cooperation movement due to the Chauri-Chaura incident, and formed the Congress Independence Party, which had a pro-Hindu slant.

In 1928, British Government decided to send Simon Commission to India to discuss constitutional reforms. The Commission had no Indian member. This greatly angered Indians. In 1929, when the Commisssion came to India there were protests all over India. Lala Lajpat Rai himself led one such procession against Simon Commission. While the procession was peaceful, British Government brutally lathicharged the procession. Lala Lajpat Rai received severe head injuries and died on November17, 1928.

Biography of Gopal Krishna Gokhale

2012-10-21T06:50:00.006-07:00

Born: May 9, 1866
Died: February 19, 1915
Achievements: Political guru of Mahatma Gandhi; one of the pioneers of the Indian national movement; founder of the Servants of India Society.

Gopal Krishna Gokhale was one of the pioneers of the Indian national movement. He was a senior leader of the Indian National Congress. Gokhale gave voice to the aspirations of millions of Indians who were looking for freedom from the British rule. Gandhiji considered him as his political guru. Apart from being a political leader, Gopalkrishna Gokhale, was also a social reformer. He founded the "Servants of India Society"-an organization dedicated to the cause of common people. Gopal Krishna Gokhale's contribution to the making of Indian nation is invaluable.

Gopal Krishna Gokhale was born on May 9, 1866 in Kothapur, Maharashtra. His father Krishna Rao was a farmer who was forced to work as clerk, as the soil of the region was not conducive for agriculture. His mother Valubai was a simple woman. Gokhale received his early education at the Rajaram High School in Kothapur with the help of financial assistance from his elder brother. Later on he moved on to Bombay and graduated from Elphinstone College, Bombay in 1884 at the age of 18.

Gopal Krishna Gokhale was one of the first generations of Indians to receive college education. He was respected widely in the nascent Indian intellectual community and across India. Education influenced Gokhale greatly. His understanding of the English language allowed him to express himself without hesitation and with utmost clarity. His appreciation and knowledge of history instilled in him a respect for liberty, democracy, and the parliamentary system. After graduation, he moved on to teaching, and took a position as an Assistant Master in the New English School in Pune. In 1885, Gokhale moved on to Pune and became one of the founding members of Fergusson College, along with his colleagues in Deccan Education Society. Gopal Krishna Gokhale gave nearly two decades of his life to Fergusson College and rose to become principal of the college. During this time, Gokhale came in contact with Mahadev Govind Ranade. Ranade was a judge, scholar, and social reformer, whom Gokhale called his guru. Gokhale worked with Ranade in Poona Sarvajanik Sabha of which Gokhale became the Secretary.

Gopal Krishna Gokhale entered public life in 1886 at the age of 20. He delivered a public address on "India under the British Rule", which was highly appreciated. Gokhale regularly contributed articles to Bal Gangadhar Tilak's weekly "Mahratta". Through his articles he tried to awaken the latent patriotism of Indian people. Soon, Gokhale was promoted as Secretary of the Deccan Education Society. When the Indian National Congress held its session in Poona in 1895, he was the secretary of the Reception Committee. From this session, Gokhale became a prominent member of the Indian National Congress. Gokhale was twice elected as president of Pune Municipality. For a while Gokhale was also a member of the Bombay Legislative Council where he spoke strongly against the then Government.

In 1902, Gokhale left the Fergusson College. He became a Member of the Imperial Legislative Council in Delhi. There he spoke for the people of the country in an able manner. Gokhale had an excellent grasp of the economic problems of our country which he ably presented during the debates. In 1905, Gokhale started a new society called "Servants of India Society". This society trained workers for the service of the country. In the same year, Gokhale went to England to voice his concerns relating to the unfair treatment of the Indian people by the British government. In a span of 49 days, he spoke in front of 47 different audiences, captivating every one of them. Gokhale pleaded for gradual reforms to ultimately attain Swaraj, or self-government, in India. He was instrumental in the introduction of the Morley- Minto Reforms of 1909, which eventually became law. Though the reforms sowed the seeds of communal division in India, nevertheless, they gave Indian access to the seats of the highest authority within the government, and their voices were more audible in matters of public interest.

Gopal Krishna Gokhale was a diabetic and asthmatic. Excessive assertion took its toll on Gokhale's health and ultimately he died on February 19, 1915.

5 Facts of Oman

2012-10-21T06:18:00.000-07:00

The capital of Oman is Muscat

Oman has been one of the most isolated Arabian outposts that have maintained the traditional Bedouin culture. Despite its exceptional safety record, the Sultanate of Oman was seldom visited by foreigners until 1970. Things have changed as modern Oman is on par with the development pace set by neighboring Middle Eastern states such as UAE and Qatar. Sultan Qaboos bin Said overtook government in 1970 and propelled the nation towards economic reforms in health, education, construction, and social welfare. Here are five interesting facts that are bound to entice anyone to visit this beautiful land:

5 Facts You Might Not Know

Oman has nearly 2,700 km of pristine coast untouched by hordes of visitors. A network of tracks and graded highways from Filim to Shwaymiyah makes these desolate sandy beaches accessible to public. There are a number of world-class beach resorts offering an array of activities including kite-surfing, swimming, snorkeling, and diving. Traditional fishing villages are only accessible by driving through narrow dirt tracks.

The first Oman World Fireworks Championships was held in 2010. It is one of the largest and most spectacular firework events in the world. Teams from six continents took part in the latest championship. The government of Oman has announced ongoing annual championships that will enhance the international reputation of Oman as a gateway to the Middle East.

Oman is one of the few countries where every major city has its own fort. Most of these forts were built around 1624 and 1744 during Al-Yarubi dynasty when Oman was considered one of the citadels of Arab civilization. Some of these forts such as Bahla and Nakhal are in pristine conditions. There are functioning water wells and secret tunnels ending many kilometers away from the edge of the fort wall.

Falajs is a unique irrigation system in Oman that dates back more than 2000 years. These water tunnels still play an important role in the irrigation system of the Sultanate. The World Heritage Committee has named five Falajs in its list of international importance.

Oman is famous for its world-renowned Frankincense route. Recent documentaries on National Geographic and Discovery channels have highlighted the importance of this route since the middle ages. In 2000, numerous sites on Frankincense trails were incorporated as world heritage sites including Frankincense land museum, Al Balid City, Khawr al Baleed, Khawr Ruri, Awbar, and Wadi Dukah.

5 Facts of Norway

2012-10-21T06:16:00.002-07:00

The capital of Norway is Oslo

There are many interesting things about Norway as well as the history of Norway. Norway is one of the countries where the terrifying vikings came from. It is also a country with breaktaking views that would appease any tourist, so if you're planning a trip to Norway, good choice.

5 Facts You Might Not Know

Despite being the country where the vikings came from. Norway has been given the honor of being considered to be the most peaceful country in the entire world. This was determined by a survey that was done by the Global Peace index in 2007.

Norwegians also read more books than any other population in world. If you want to get into an intellectual conversation, going to Norway and speaking with some of the Norwegians is probably one of the best ways to do it. They are considered to be a very intelligent people.

During the middle of the 14th century, Norway had over one-third of its population killed off by the black plague that ravaged most of europe. Norway is believed to mean the path of the north.

Norway is considered to be one of the richest countries in the world. The reason for this is that Norwegians know what it means to work hard, and what is interesting is that they also understand that it is equally important to play just as hard. Norwegians are very active when it comes to recreation and getting exercise on a daily basis.

Norway is a part of the region that is considered Scandinavia. Scandinavian countries are: Norway, Sweden and Denmark. These three countries are where the vikings originated. Throughout ancient history, they were famous for raiding and pillaging countries throughout Europe. The vikings of that time have often been compared by historians to the terrorists of this age.

5 Facts of Northern Mariana Islands

2012-10-21T06:14:00.003-07:00

The capital of Northern Mariana Islands is Saipan

The Northern Mariana Islands are located between Hawaii and the Philippines comprising of fourteen islands. They are along the Mariana Trench, which is the deepest area on earth at 35,810 feet. The Islands have some interesting things you might like to know about.

5 Facts You Might Not Know

The people living there are U.S. citizens. The government is a commonwealth who is politically united to the United States. They are a self-governing people. The majority of the people are of Asian or Pacific Islander descent, with the main religion on the island being Roman Catholic.

They have some fine tourist attractions. Tinian hosts The Tinian Dynasty, a luxurious stay including a casino, extravagant pools and top food choices. It is a haven in a most unexpected place full of play. This is also the historical spot where the U.S. bombers left to bomb Japan. Rota is another small, friendly island with pristine and little known beaches.

The island of Managaha has fine snorkeling. Situated with an intouched beach it is teeming with abundant marine life and coral reefs. The Triana Trench creates a view of blue and green waters specific to this little spot on earth, with unrivaled beauty.

You can sink to the bottom of the lagoon in a Submarine when you visit Saipan. This submarine is a surprise with velvet seats, air conditioning and wonderful portholes to view the awesome sea life as well as sunken WW2 planes, boats, props and jeeps. It is an unreal experiencing this underworld.

The Northern Mariana Islands has the lowest death rate in the world. 2 . 229/1000 says something about this little paradise. Living daily on the islands just might lengthen your life. One area that probably contributes to this is the small island of Rota where day to day living is a friendly and calm experience.

5 Facts of Norfolk Island

2012-10-21T06:12:00.003-07:00

The capital of Norfolk Island is Kingston

Norfolk Island is a three by five mile slice of heaven located in the South Pacific, on volcanic rock. When you step onto Norfolk Island, you take a step back in time, to a place where you can just lay back and relax, leave all your cares and troubles on the mainland and enjoy the unspoiled beauty of this island. Norfolk Island is easily accessible from Australia or New Zealand by taking a short flight directly across to the island. A holiday spent here lets you reconnect with yourself and those around you and brings you into the peace and lush surroundings of the island.

5 Facts You Might Not Know

There is not even one traffic light; Norfolk Island is a getaway of peace and serenity, where you dine on fresh fish from the ocean and fresh vegetables grown there on the island.

Many of the buildings were built by convicts in the late 1700's and these elegant Georgian buildings are still in use in the Kingston area and in the Arthur Vale Historic Area, (KAVHA) which is now World Heritage. These buildings are listed as a part of the Australia Convict Sites Inscription today.

There is much to do on Norfolk Island including Seaside Golf Course, which is a beautiful nine hole golf course right on the ocean, horseback riding, sea kayaking, shopping, tennis, scuba diving, target shooting and wind surfing.

The history of Norfolk Island is brutal. England took over the island in the 1800's and established two penal colonies. The last one was absolutely violent, but the inhabitants who also lived here took complete control of the fertile island and the Pitcaim culture was established and still maintains the island today. People come from all over the world to experience this unique way of life.

There is plenty of food and entertainment on the island with 20 restaurants, six night clubs, and many of the hotels have restaurants inside or on the deck.

5 Facts of Niue

2012-10-21T06:10:00.003-07:00

The capital of Niue is Alofi

There are many places of interest in our world, of which some people have heard little about, and there are other beautiful, exotic places that many did not know even existed. Niue is an island situated in the South Pacific Ocean, and about 40 miles around, with a large coral reef surrounding the island, except at Alfoi, the capital of Niue, where there is about a 6 mile opening to the island. This island is company to other islands in close proximity, such as, Tonga, Cook Islands and the Samos. New Zealand services all of Niue's diplomatic relations, and Queen Elizabeth II serves as Head of State.

5 Facts You Might Not Know

Niue has become the world's first free WiFi country, with Apple being introduced to this country in the early 1980's. Each student has their own laptop computer, furnished by a project, One Laptop per Child.

Fishing, agriculture and tourisms lend to the economy of Niue. Most families grow their own fruits and vegetables to use, and sell in the market place. Exports include a wide variety of bananas, tapioca, yams, kumaros, copra, passion fruit, limes, vanilla, noni and taro. Island populations are migrating to New Zealand, so the island population continues to decrease. Grants from New Zealand, continues to pay public employees their wages.

Religious affiliations include, Congregationalist, Latter Day Saints, Catholics, Bahai, and Jehovah's Witnesses. English is mostly spoken with a New Zealand accent and the Niuean language is slowly decreasing.

Niue is a sports country with both men and women being involved in Rugby teams. The women are involved in Netball. Teams for Football, soccer, and lawn bowling have been organized. The island has a nine hole golf course, with this sport also increasing in popularity.

New Zealand is trying to increase the tourist industry, with Air New Zealand being the only air company to Niue. There is no public transportation so renting a vehicle or bicycle is a tourist must.

5 Facts of Nigeria

2012-10-21T06:09:00.001-07:00

The capital of Nigeria is Abuja

Viewed by most as a country characterized by poverty and political warfare, Nigeria still has a lot of interesting things that can be enjoyed by people who make the effort of taking a closer look at the country. The culture of Nigeria and the community itself is quite exciting as the country and its people date back at least 9000 BCE. If you are planning to travel to Nigeria soon, you should at least know the basic facts about Nigeria. Here are 5 things you might not know yet about the Republic of Nigeria.

5 Facts You Might Not Know

Nigeria is officially known as the Federal Republic of Nigeria and is a country composed of 36 states. The capital city of Nigeria is Abuja. Nigeria is located in western Africa and shares borderlines with Benin on its western side, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the northern region. Nigeria's ethnic population is strongly influenced by a mix of three groups, namely the Igbo, Yoruba and the Hausa.

Nigeria has the biggest population of any country in the continent of Africa. Exactly 1 out of 2 West Africans, 1 out of 4 Africans, and 1 out of every 5 persons originating from Africa is Nigerian. In terms of religion, Nigerians are roughly divided in half between Christians and Muslims with very small numbers of people who practice conventional religion.

The term Nigeria was derived from the Niger River that runs deep into the country. The name was given by Flora Shaw, who was the future wife of Baron Lugard, a colonial administrator of Great Britain. The name was coined during the late 19th century.

Nigeria is the most populous country within Africa and the seventh to rank in the world. Nigeria is also the most populous country around the globe wherein the majority of the population is black people. The country is also listed as one of the Next Eleven economies and is a component of the Commonwealth of Nations.

In terms of customs and responsibilities, travelers to Nigeria should expect at least one comprehensive customs check when entering and exiting Nigeria borders. Oftentimes, individual tourists are more harassed as compared with couple or group travelers. This is due to the fact that individual tourists may be foreign journalists, which to the eye of Nigerian officials are the ultimate suspect category to watch out for.

5 Facts of Niger

2012-10-21T06:05:00.003-07:00

The capital of Niger is Niamey

Niger is one of the world's poorest countries but is rich in culture and history. Friendly locals love to show their country off to visitors and will not hesitate guide you toward the best markets and parks. The ancient towns of Agadez and Zinder are practically living museums and the natural landscape is breathtaking. Read on to discover five more things you might not know about this desert country.

5 Facts You Might Not Know

The W National Park spans areas in Niger, Benin and Burkina Faso. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, the park provides a safe habitat for leopards, warthogs, buffalo, baboons, elephants, cheetahs, lions, caracal and other exotic creatures. Over 350 species of birds can be viewed throughout the 10,000 square kilometer reservation. Guided treks and safaris offer the best opportunities for spotting the sometimes elusive animals.

The last known surviving herd of West African giraffes live near the southwestern city of Koure. For a small fee, visitors can view the herd at the local wildlife park.

The town of Baleyara is a great place to buy traditional crafts. Handwoven blankets in colorful patterns are a popular item. The country is also known for its woodworking, including bowls and carved spoons.

Hippos can be seen in the waters near Ayorou, a small riverside town in the southwest. The best way to see the hippos is by boat with a local guide.

Porridge, rice, beans and cous-cous are staple foods in Niger. Other popular foods are fari massa, fried dough served with salsa, koudagou, fried sweet potatoes, and kilishi, a beef jerkey that is covered in hot pepper sauce. Cool drinks like apollo, made from the baobab fruit, and bisap, made from hibiscus leaves, offer relief on a hot day.

5 Facts of Nicaragua

2012-10-21T01:41:00.003-07:00

The capital of Nicaragua is Managua

Compared to other countries in Latin America, Nicaragua is still in the beginning phase of its tourist industry. This is the result of having spent much of the last three decades embroiled in a violent civil war. The country, however, does have a variety of unique things to see. These include its volcanoes and remote, largely unexplored islands.

5 Facts You Might Not Know

The city of Granada, also the oldest city in Nicaragua, is a few miles away from Managua, the nation's capital, and has colonial Spanish architecture that may be of interest to some sightseers. Those who are interested in old buildings may want to bring their cameras along and do some exploring. The city has six churches, an 18th century fort and a museum displaying ceramic artifacts from before the arrival of Christopher Columbus.

The volcanoes on Isla Ometepe are spectacular and largely unknown to most people outside of Nicaragua. Those interested in outdoor activities and exploration should find these extremely interesting, especially since there are two volcanoes on the island.

There is also Reservo Chacho Verde, also on Isla Ometepe, which is a nature reserve wherein the visitor to Nicaragua can explore and partake in such activities as kayaking, swimming and hiking. Apart from providing some of the best views of the Concepcion volcano, Chaco Verde also has beaches with volcanic sand. There are also organic farms and cabins on the reserve that may be rented.

For those who are interested in the local wildlife, the indigenous animals that may be seen include armadillos, sloths, jaguars and anteaters.

Apart from a problem with petty crime, the major dangers to the traveler to the country will come in the form of the potential for illness. Illnesses that can affect visitors include typhoid, hepatitis, and malaria. As with most major urban areas in the world (and especially in the Third World), it is best not to walk alone in Managua at night. Visitors should also get booster shots and vaccines to keep them from getting sick while on vacation in Nicaragua.

Biography of Dadabhai Naoroji

2012-10-21T01:36:00.003-07:00

Born: September 4, 1825
Died: June 30, 1917
Achievements: First Indian to become a professor of the college; instrumental in the establishment of the Indian National Congress; was President of the Indian National Congress thrice; the Congress' demand for swaraj (self-rule) was first expressed publicly by him in his presidential address in 1906

Dadabhai Naoroji is fondly called as the "Grand Old Man of India". He is viewed as the architect who laid the foundation of the Indian freedom struggle.

Dadabhai Naoroji was born in a poor Parsi family in Bombay on September 4, 1825. His father, Naoroji Palanji Dordi, died when Dadabhai Naoroji was only four years old. He was raised by her mother Maneckbai who despite being illiterate herself ensured that Dadabhai Naoroji got best English education possible. As a student Dada Bhai Naoroji was very good in Mathematics and English. He studied at Elphinstone Institution, Bombay and on completion of his education he was appointed the Head Native Assistant Master at the Elphinstone Institution. Dadabhai Naoroji became a professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at Elphinstone Institution at the age of 27. He was the first Indian to become a professor of the college.

Dadabhai Nauroji entered the political fray in 1852. He strongly opposed the renewal of lease to the East India Company in 1853. He sent petitions to the English government in this regard. But the British government ignored his pleas and renewed the lease. Dadabhai Naoroji felt that the British misrule of India was because of ignorance of the Indian people. He set up the Gyan Prasarak Mandali (Society for Promotion of Knowledge) for the education of adult menfolk. He wrote several petitions to Governors and Viceroys regarding India's problems. Ultimately, he felt that the British people and the British Parliament must be made aware of India's plight. In 1855, at the age of 30 he sailed for England.

In England, Dadabhai Naoroji joined several learned societies, delivered many speeches and wrote articles on the plight of India. He founded the East Indian Association on December 1st, 1866. The association was comprised of high-ranking officers from India and people who had access to Members of the British Parliament. Dadabhai Naoroji was elected to the British Parliament in 1892 from Central Finsbury as the Liberal party candidate. He got a resolution passed in British Parliament for holding preliminary examinations for the I.C.S. in India and England simultaneously. He also got the Wiley Commission, the royal commission on India expenditure, to acknowledge the need for even distribution of administrative and military expenditure between India and England.

Dadabhai Naoroji was instrumental in the establishment of the Indian National Congress founded by A.O. Hume in 1885. Thrice he was elected to the post of the President of the Indian National Congress, in 1886, 1893 and in 1906. During his third term, he prevented a split between moderates and extremists in the party. The Congress' demand for swaraj (self-rule) was first expressed publicly by him in his presidential address in 1906. Dadabhai Naoroji believed in non-violent and constitutional methods of protest. He died at the age of 92 on June 30, 1917.

Biography of Chandrashekhar Azad

2012-10-20T21:42:00.001-07:00

Born: July 23,1906
Martyrdom: February 27, 1931
Achievements: Involved in Kakori Train Robbery (1926), the attempt to blow up the Viceroy's train (1926), and the shooting of Saunders at Lahore (1928) to avenge the killing of Lala Lajpatrai; formed Hindustan Socialist Republican Association with fellow compatriots Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru.

Chandrashekhar Azad was a great Indian freedom fighter. His fierce patriotism and courage inspired others of his generation to enter freedom struggle. Chandrasekhar Azad was the mentor Bhagat Singh, another great freedom fighter, and along with Bhagat Singh he is considered as one of the greatest revolutionaries that India has produced.

Chandra Shekhar Azad was born on July 23,1906 in Badarka village of Unnao district in Uttar Pradesh. His parents were Pandit Sitaram Tiwari and Jagarani Devi.Pandit Sitaram Tiwari was serving in erstwhile estate of Alirajpur (situated in present day Madhya Pradesh) and Chandra Shekhar Azad's childhood was spent in the village Bhabra . On the insistence of her mother Jagrani Devi, Chandra Shekhar Azad went to Kashi Vidyapeeth, Benaras for studying Sanskrit.

Chandrashekhar Azad was deeply troubled by the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in Amritsar in 1919. In 1921, when Mahatma Gandhi launched Non-Cooperation movement, Chandrasekhar Azad actively participated in revolutionary activities. He received his first punishment at the age of fifteen. Chandra Shekhar was caught while indulging in revolutionary activities. When the magistrate asked him his name, he said "Azad" (meaning free). Chandrashekhar Azad was sentenced to fifteen lashes. With each stroke of the whip the young Chandrasekhar shouted "Bart Mata Kid Jai". From then on Chandrashekhar assumed the title of Azad and came to known as Chandrashekhar Azad. Chandrashekhar Azad vowed that he would never be arrested by the British police and would die as free man.

After the suspension of non-cooperation movement Chandrashekhar Azad was attracted towards more aggressive and revolutionary ideals. He committed himself to complete independence by any means. Chandrashekhar Azad and his compatriots would target British officials known for their oppressive actions against ordinary people and freedom fighters. Chandrashekhar Azad was involved in Kakori Train Robbery (1926), the attempt to blow up the Viceroy's train (1926), and the shooting of Saunders at Lahore (1928) to avenge the killing of Lala Lajpatrai.

Along with Bhagat Singh and other compatriots like Sukhdev and Rajguru, Chandrashekhar Azad formed the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HRSA). HRSA was committed to complete Indian independence and socialist principles for India's future progress.

Chandrashekhar Azad was a terror for British police. He was on their hit list and the British police badly wanted to capture him dead or alive. On February 27, 1931 Chandrashekhar Azad met two of his comrades at the Alfred Park Allah bad. He was betrayed by an informer who had informed the British police. The police surrounded the park and ordered Chandrashekhar Azad to surrender. Chandrashekhar Azad fought alone valiantly and killed three policemen. But finding himself surrounded and seeing no route for escape, Chandrashekhar Azad shot himself. Thus he kept his pledge of not being caught alive.

Biography of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar

2012-10-20T21:40:00.000-07:00

Born: April 14, 1891
Died: December 6, 1956
Achievements: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was elected as the chairman of the drafting committee that was constituted by the Constituent Assembly to draft a constitution for the independent India; he was the first Law Minister of India; conferred Bharat Ratna in 1990.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is viewed as messiah of dalits and downtrodden in India. He was the chairman of the drafting committee that was constituted by the Constituent Assembly in 1947 to draft a constitution for the independent India. He played a seminal role in the framing of the constitution. Bhimrao Ambedkar was also the first Law Minister of India. For his yeoman service to the nation, B.R. Ambedkar was bestowed with Bharat Ratna in 1990.

Dr.Bhimrao Ambedkar was born on April 14, 1891 in Mhow (presently in Madhya Pradesh). He was the fourteenth child of Ramji and Bhimabai Sakpal Ambavedkar. B.R. Ambedkar belonged to the "untouchable" Mahar Caste. His father and grandfather served in the British Army. In those days, the government ensured that all the army personnel and their children were educated and ran special schools for this purpose. This ensured good education for Bhimrao Ambedkar, which would have otherwise been denied to him by the virtue of his caste.

Bhimrao Ambedkar experienced caste discrimination right from the childhood. After his retirement, Bhimrao's father settled in Satara Maharashtra. Bhimrao was enrolled in the local school. Here, he had to sit on the floor in one corner in the classroom and teachers would not touch his notebooks. In spite of these hardships, Bhimrao continued his studies and passed his Matriculation examination from Bombay University with flying colours in 1908. Bhim Rao Ambedkar joined the Elphinstone College for further education. In 1912, he graduated in Political Science and Economics from Bombay University and got a job in Baroda.

In 1913, Bhimrao Ambedkar lost his father. In the same year Maharaja of Baroda awarded scholarship to Bhim Rao Ambedkar and sent him to America for further studies. Bhimrao reached New York in July 1913. For the first time in his life, Bhim Rao was not demeaned for being a Mahar. He immersed himself in the studies and attained a degree in Master of Arts and a Doctorate in Philosophy from Columbia University in 1916 for his thesis "National Dividend for India: A Historical and Analytical Study." From America, Dr.Ambedkar proceeded to London to study economics and political science. But the Baroda government terminated his scholarship and recalled him back.

The Maharaja of Baroda appointed Dr. Ambedkar as his political secretary. But no one would take orders from him because he was a Mahar. Bhimrao Ambedkar returned to Bombay in November 1917. With the help of Shahu Maharaj of Kolhapur, a sympathizer of the cause for the upliftment of the depressed classes, he started a fortnightly newspaper, the "Mooknayak" (Dumb Hero) on January 31, 1920. The Maharaja also convened many meetings and conferences of the "untouchables" which Bhimrao addressed. In September 1920, after accumulating sufficient funds, Ambedkar went back to London to complete his studies. He became a barrister and got a Doctorate in science.

After completing his studies in London, Ambedkar returned to India. In July 1924, he founded the Bahishkrit Hitkaraini Sabha (Outcastes Welfare Association). The aim of the Sabha was to uplift the downtrodden socially and politically and bring them to the level of the others in the Indian society. In 1927, he led the Mahad March at the Chowdar Tank at Colaba, near Bombay, to give the untouchables the right to draw water from the public tank where he burnt copies of the 'Manusmriti' publicly.

In 1929, Ambedkar made the controversial decision to co-operate with the all-British Simon Commission which was to look into setting up a responsible Indian Government in India. The Congress decided to boycott the Commission and drafted its own version of a constitution for free India. The Congress version had no provisions for the depressed classes. Ambedkar became more skeptical of the Congress's commitment to safeguard the rights of the depressed classes.

When a separate electorate was announced for the depressed classes under Ramsay McDonald 'Communal Award', Gandhiji went on a fast unto death against this decision. Leaders rushed to Dr. Ambedkar to drop his demand. On September 24, 1932, Dr. Ambedkar and Gandhiji reached an understanding, which became the famous Poona Pact. According to the pact the separate electorate demand was replaced with special concessions like reserved seats in the regional legislative assemblies and Central Council of States.

Dr. Ambedkar attended all the three Round Table Conferences in London and forcefully argued for the welfare of the "untouchables". Meanwhile, British Government decided to hold provincial elections in 1937. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar set up the "Independent Labor Party" in August 1936 to contest the elections in the Bombay province. He and many candidates of his party were elected to the Bombay Legislative Assembly.

In 1937, Dr. Ambedkar introduced a Bill to abolish the "khoti" system of land tenure in the Konkan region, the serfdom of agricultural tenants and the Mahar "watan" system of working for the Government as slaves. A clause of an agrarian bill referred to the depressed classes as "Harijans," or people of God. Bhimrao was strongly opposed to this title for the untouchables. He argued that if the "untouchables" were people of God then all others would be people of monsters. He was against any such reference. But the Indian National Congress succeeded in introducing the term Harijan. Ambedkar felt bitter that they could not have any say in what they were called.

In 1947, when India became independent, the first Prime Minister Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, invited Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar, who had been elected as a Member of the Constituent Assembly from Bengal, to join his Cabinet as a Law Minister. The Constituent Assembly entrusted the job of drafting the Constitution to a committee and Dr. Ambedkar was elected as Chairman of this Drafting Committee. In February 1948, Dr. Ambedkar presented the Draft Constitution before the people of India; it was adopted on November 26, 1949.

In October 1948, Dr. Ambedkar submitted the Hindu Code Bill to the Constituent Assembly in an attempt to codify the Hindu law. The Bill caused great divisions even in the Congress party. Consideration for the bill was postponed to September 1951. When the Bill was taken up it was truncated. A dejected Ambedkar relinquished his position as Law Minister.

On May 24, 1956, on the occasion of Buddha Jayanti, he declared in Bombay, that he would adopt Buddhism in October. On 0ctober 14, 1956 he embraced Buddhism along with many of his followers. On December 6, 1956, Baba Saheb Dr. B.R. Ambedkar died peacefully in his sleep.

Biography of Shaheed Bhagat Singh

2012-10-20T21:31:00.000-07:00

Born: September 27, 1907
Martyrdom: March 23, 1931
Achievements: Gave a new direction to revolutionary movement in India, formed 'Naujavan Bharat Sabha' to spread the message of revolution in Punjab, formed 'Hindustan Samajvadi Prajatantra Sangha' along with Chandrasekhar Azad to establish a republic in India, assassinated police official Saunders to avenge the death of Lala Lajpat Rai, dropped bomb in Central Legislative Assembly along with Batukeshwar Dutt.

Bhagat Singh was one of the most prominent faces of Indian freedom struggle. He was a revolutionary ahead of his times. By Revolution he meant that the present order of things, which is based on manifest injustice must change. Bhagat Singh studied the European revolutionary movement and was greatly attracted towards socialism. He realised that the overthrow of British rule should be accompanied by the socialist reconstruction of Indian society and for this political power must be seized by the workers.

Though portrayed as a terrorist by the British, Sardar Bhagat Singh was critical of the individual terrorism which was prevalent among the revolutionary youth of his time and called for mass mobilization. Bhagat Singh gave a new direction to the revolutionary movement in India. He differed from his predecessors on two counts. Firstly, he accepted the logic of atheism and publicly proclaimed it. Secondly, until then revolutionaries had no conception of post-independence society. Their immediate goal was destruction of the British Empire and they had no inclination to work out a political alternative. Bhagat Singh, because of his interest in studying and his keen sense of history gave revolutionary movement a goal beyond the elimination of the British. A clarity of vision and determination of purpose distinguished Bhagat Singh from other leaders of the National Movement. He emerged as the only alternative to Gandhi and the Indian National Congress, especially for the youth.

Bhagat Singh was born in a Sikh family in village Khatkar Kalan in Nawanshahar district of Punjab. The district has now been renamed as Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar in his memory. He was the third son of Sardar Kishan Singh and Vidyavati. Bhagat Singh's family was actively involved in freedom struggle. His father Kishan Singh and uncle Ajit Singh were members of Ghadr Party founded in the U.S to oust British rule from India. Family atmosphere had a great effect on the mind of young Bhagat Singh and patriotism flowed in his veins from childhood.

While studying at the local D.A.V. School in Lahore, in 1916, young Bhagat Singh came into contact with some well-known political leaders like Lala Lajpat Rai and Ras Bihari Bose. Punjab was politically very charged in those days. In 1919, when Jalianwala Bagh massacre took place, Bhagat Singh was only 12 years old. The massacre deeply disturbed him. On the next day of massacre Bhagat Singh went to Jalianwala Bagh and collected soil from the spot and kept it as a memento for the rest of his life. The massacre strengthened his resolve to drive British out from India.

In response to Mahatma Gandhi's call for non-cooperation against British rule in 1921, Bhagat Singh left his school and actively participated in the movement. In 1922, when Mahatma Gandhi suspended Non-cooperation movement against violence at Chauri-chaura in Gorakhpur, Bhagat was greatly disappointed. His faith in non violence weakened and he came to the conclusion that armed revolution was the only practical way of winning freedom. To continue his studies, Bhagat Singh joined the National College in Lahore, founded by Lala Lajpat Rai. At this college, which was a centre of revolutionary activities, he came into contact with revolutionaries such as Bhagwati Charan, Sukhdev and others.

To avoid early marriage, Bhagat Singh ran away from home and went to Kanpur. Here, he came into contact with a revolutionary named Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi, and learnt his first lessons as revolutionary. On hearing that his grandmother was ill, Bhagat Singh returned home. He continued his revolutionary activities from his village. He went to Lahore and formed a union of revolutionaries by name 'Naujavan Bharat Sabha'. He started spreading the message of revolution in Punjab. In 1928 he attended a meeting of revolutionaries in Delhi and came into contact with Chandrasekhar Azad. The two formed 'Hindustan Samajvadi Prajatantra Sangha'. Its aim was to establish a republic in India by means of an armed revolution.

In February 1928, a committee from England, called Simon Commission visited India. The purpose of its visit was to decide how much freedom and responsibility could be given to the people of India. But there was no Indian on the committee. This angered Indians and they decided to boycott Simon Commission. While protesting against Simon Commission in Lahore, Lala Lajpat Rai was brutally Lathicharged and later on succumbed to injuries. Bhagat Singh was determined to avenge Lajpat Rai's death by shooting the British official responsible for the killing, Deputy Inspector General Scott. He shot down Assistant Superintendent Saunders instead, mistaking him for Scott. Bhagat Singh had to flee from Lahore to escape death punishment.

Instead of finding the root cause of discontent of Indians, the British government took to more repressive measures. Under the Defense of India Act, it gave more power to the police to arrest persons to stop processions with suspicious movements and actions. The Act brought in the Central Legislative Assembly was defeated by one vote. Even then it was to be passed in the form of an ordinance in the "interest of the public." Bhagat Singh who was in hiding all this while, volunteered to throw a bomb in the Central Legislative Assembly where the meeting to pass the ordinance was being held. It was a carefully laid out plot, not to cause death or injury but to draw the attention of the government, that the modes of its suppression could no more be tolerated. It was decided that Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt would court arrest after throwing the bomb.

On April 8, 1929 Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw bombs in the Central Assembly Hall while the Assembly was in session. The bombs did not hurt anyone. After throwing the bombs, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt, deliberately courted arrest by refusing to run away from the scene. During his trial, Bhagat Singh refused to employ any defence counsel. In jail, he went on hunger strike to protest the inhuman treatment of fellow-political prisoners by jail authorities. On October 7, 1930 Bhagat Singh, Sukh Dev and Raj Guru were awarded death sentence by a special tribunal. Despite great popular pressure and numerous appeals by political leaders of India, Bhagat Singh and his associates were hanged in the early hours of March 23, 1931.

5 Facts of New Zealand

2012-10-20T19:56:00.000-07:00

The capital of New Zealand is Wellington

New Zealand was the breath taking back drop to The Lord of the Rings Trilogy. The landscape of this majestic country symbolizes great adventure. The allure of this land down under is apparent but there are a few hidden treasures you may not be aware of.

5 Facts You Might Not Know

Can't decide whether to pick a beach getaway, visit a rain forest, climb a mountain or heat it up near a volcano, New Zealand will give you all that and more. New Zealand is four different destinations in one. You can actually drive and in a matter of a few hours experience these different climates throughout the country. Start out in a desert and end up near a snow covered volcano the journey is up to you.

There are more sheep than people. New Zealand is populated by about 4 million people matched by about 40 million sheep. Sheep are a huge part of their culture, so much so you will even find mutton on most menu's around the country.

Speaking of restaurants don't worry about what you should tip your waitress. The servers do not expect a tip and in rare cases certain establishments will just add it on automatically to your bill.

Have you ever wondered what it might feel like to be a hamster in one of those round balls, well zorbing is for you. Zorbing was invented in New Zealand and many find it thrilling. You jump in head first into this giant rubber ball and are rolled down a hill. Definitely one to add to your bucket list.

The South Island in New Zealand has a celebration of chocolate that lasts for one week in July. One activity takes place on Baldwin street the steepest street in the world. Twenty five thousand pieces of chocolate are rolled down the pavement as onlookers cheer.

5 Facts of New Caledonia

2012-10-20T19:54:00.001-07:00

The capital of New Caledonia is Nouméa

New Caledonia is an island that lies in the Southwest Pacific Ocean, about 950 miles from Australia. New Caledonia is basically under French rule, and is working towards their independence in the next few years, and will be considered an independent territory. They have already been working on their independence using its own country anthem, and motto. Banknotes are being redesigned. This country has adopted the Kanak flag which flies along side the French flag, making this the only country that flies two official flags. Official languages are of the French language, and the Kanak language that makes up the majority of populace.

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New Caledonia has their own Armed Forces made up of the Army, Marines, Navy and Air Force.

Climate is tropical, with weather risks for cyclones, effects of El Nino and tropical depressions. There are just over 75,000 tourists per year, so this island does not have nearly the amount of visitors that other islands see. France supports the island in economy with about 25% per year.

While humans are great tool makers, New Caledonia is home to the New Caledonia Crow, a super intelligent tropical bird that is known for its superior tool making abilities to solve problems. No other creature on earth has this ability except for the human.

Wood crafting and basket weaving are part of the Caledonian culture. Agriculture is almost non-existent, and most food sources must be imported. This island does excel in the production of yams, coconuts, plantains and taro. They are able to mass produce these items and are considered one of largest producers in the world.

Football is popular in New Caledonia. The people also enjoy horse racing. The women of the island have women's cricket teams. The men have Rugby teams. The Caledonians have swimming teams and they have excelled much in this sport at home, now they travel abroad. This island will host the Oceania in 2012.

5 Facts of Netherlands Antilles

2012-10-20T19:52:00.003-07:00

The capital of Netherlands Antilles is Willemstad

The Netherlands Antilles, also know as the Dutch Antilles, are a group of Caribbean Islands located off the coast of Venezuela, South America. Islands originally included in the Netherlands Antilles island group were Curacao, Bonaire, Aruba, Saint Maarten, Saint Eustatius and Saba. Settled during the 17th century, after conquest by the Dutch West India Company, the Netherlands Antilles were officially dissolved in 2010. Acts of Parliament allowed Aruba, Saint Maarten and Curacao to succeed from the group, while allowing integration for Saba, Bonaire and Saint Eustatius.

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The Netherlands Antilles Windward Islands consist of Saint Martin, Saint Eustatius and Saba. Its Leeward islands are Aruba, Bonaire and Curacao, also known as the ABC islands. While all the islands have a tropical climate, the Leeward Islands rarely experience the advent of hurricanes. Windward island hurricanes occur in summer, with these islands experiencing a wetter climate.

An extreme ethnic and cultural variety of people live on the islands. These populations descend from Latin American, European, African and Portuguese populations. Languages spoken here comprise a mixture of Dutch, Spanish, English, West African and Portuguese Creole. Papiamentu is the name given a dialect, commonly spoken on some of the islands, that combines these languages and lexicons.

Religious faith in the Netherlands Antilles is made up of a Christian majority. Protestants, Roman Catholics and Jewish followers comprise the largest religious groups.

Import of most capital and consumer products has allowed the islands of the Netherlands Antilles to prosper, even with a scarcity of agricultural resources. Income here is typically high when compared with many other nearby countries. Tourism and petroleum refining and shipment have allowed development of a sophisticated infrastructure, closely aligned to powerful global economies.

In 2006, Hugo Chavez, president of Venezuela, created a stir between his country and Dutch government by accusing the Dutch defense minister of being a puppet to the United States. The spat commenced as the Netherlands gave permission for the US Navy to deploy military vessels to the Dutch Antilles.

5 Facts of Netherlands

2012-10-20T12:18:00.004-07:00

The capital of Netherlands is Amsterdam

The Netherlands is located in Europe. The capital of the Netherlands is Amsterdam, which is one of the most visited cities in the entire world. Below are a few facts about the Netherlands that people may or may not know.

5 Facts You Might Not Know

The Netherlands actually means low country in Dutch. It describes the country perfectly because half of the Netherlands' surface is less than about 3 feet above sea level. The highest point of the Netherlands is a little over 1,000 feet above sea level.

Many people do not know that Gin was created in the Netherlands. Gin was originally used as medicine during the late 16th century.

A known fact is that prostitution is legal in the Netherlands, as long as the workers are 18 and over. However, a lesser known fact is that clients have to be at least 16 years old or older. The Netherlands is very lenient when it comes to prostitution and most of the activity takes place in the capital of the Netherlands.

The Netherlands is actually one of the world's top producers of Tulips. The country is also one of world's first exporters of Tulips. Tulips first became very popular in the Netherlands in the 17th century. Many people come to the Netherlands to admire the many types of flowers that are found there, as well as admire the many Tulips that cam be found within the Netherlands.

Not many people know this but the Netherlands is one of the wealthiest countries in the world. At one point in time the Netherlands had the highest GDP per capita. As of now, the Netherlands has around the 4th highest GDP per capita, but within the European Union.

5 Facts of Nepal

2012-10-20T11:58:00.002-07:00

The capital of Nepal is Kathmandu

Nepal is a landlocked country located in south Asia between the countries of India and China. Although Nepal shares a border with China, most of that border is mountinous and strong ties with China have never been formed. Because of the rough and mountinous terrain Nepal remains isolated from the world's major land, air and sea transport routes, contributing to the poor status of the country. Agriculture is by far the largest industry in Nepal, although it does have great potential for tourism. 2011 was declared Nepal Tourism Year officially on January 14, 2011. The year long tourism celebration was anticipated to bring over 1 million tourists to Nepal as well as promoting and improving Nepal tourism moving forward.

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Nepal is home to the highest location on earth. Mt. Everest is located on the border of Nepal and Tibet and is estimated at 8850m above sea level and growing! Mt. Everest grows by approimentaly 4mm per year.

Nepal is one of the poorest and least developed countries in the world with about half its citizens living below the poverty level.. Roughly 80% of Nepal's population depends on agriculture for survival and the average yearly salary is About $1100 (2008 figure).

Nepal is the only Hindu country in the world, with 90% of the population being Hindu. Even though Nepal is associated with Buddhism in most peoples minds Buddhists account for just 5% of the population. That being said, Nepalese have embraced both Hinduism and Buddhism and frequently worship in both fashions.

Kathmandu is the largest city in Nepal as well as being the capital and has a population of just under 1 million people. This is a fairly small number considering the total population of Nepal is over 26 million people and much of the country is uninhabitable due to the mountinous ranges to the north.

There are over 100 recognized languages spoken in Nepal, with Nepali being the most common at 60%. Although Nepal is located in South Asia, the Nepali language has its roots in Indo-Aryan languages, which are related to European languages.

5 Facts of Navassa Island

2012-10-20T11:57:00.000-07:00

Navassa Island is a small island in the Caribbean Sea situated between Jamaica and Haiti. The island is uninhabited. It is claimed by the US as part of its territory. The US Fish and Wildlife Service overlook the administration of the island. Haiti also makes the same claim, saying Navassa is part of their territory since 1801. There are less known facts about the island including the following:

5 Facts You Might Not Know

Coral and limestone islet. The island's terrain is largely composed of coral and limestone. Grasses do grow abundantly in the island, sufficient to feed its herbivore inhabitants ' the goats. It is surrounded by a white cliff made up of coral and limestone reaching up to 50 feet in height. The island was formed more than 5 million years ago.

Only four species of tree grow in the island. The island has a forest with only four tree species which are: poisonwood, mastic, short-leaf fig and pigeon plum.

Used to be a center of guano mining. The island was claimed by the US on September 19, 1857 through Peter Duncan. The Guano Islands Act was enforced on August 18, 1856 due to its rich guano deposits. Guano phosphate is an excellent fertilizer required by US agriculture industry at that time. Guano mining operations commenced in the island in 1865 carried out by Navassa Phosphate Company of Baltimore. The mining activities ended in 1898.

Nature reserve. A scientific expedition to the island in 1998 led to the discovery of its distinctive Caribbean biodiversity. Some 15 animal species are endemic to the island including plants, snails and lizards particularly a rare iguana thought to be extinct but is found in the island. A year later it was declared a National Wildlife Reserve. Scientific expeditions to the island still continue to this day.

Historic lighthouse. The US Lighthouse Service established the Navassa Island Light in 1917, a 46 meter lighthouse found on the south side of Navassa island. The lighthouse was dismantled on August 29, 1996. After its shutdown, Coast Guard also relinquished administration duties on the island to the Department of the Interior.

5 Facts of Nauru

2012-10-20T11:55:00.001-07:00

The capital of Nauru is Yaren

Nauru is known as pleasant island. It is a small island in the south of Pacific Ocean. Located just 26 miles from the equator, it has the perfect warm and tropical climates. There are few things that you may not know about the tiny island.

5 Facts You Might Not Know

The island economy is mainly depended on the phosphate deposits. They do gain some revenue from selling fishing rights. There is little income from tourism because there are not a lot of things to see and do.

The life expectation is 65 years. Unhealthy conditions are to blame for the many health issues. For their water supply, they dependent on rain water that is collected from tanks on the rooftops of houses and reverse osmosis desalination from plants. Nauru has the most obese people in the world. Nauruan diets once included fish, vegetable and coconut but they are forced to rely on imported food that is high in fat and sugar.

The climate change is causing the sea level to rise. The rain forest once covered the island but it scarred the land forcing most of the population to live in the low lying areas on the perimeter of the island.

Male homosexual acts are illegal. Public display of affection with a male and male couple may offend Naurans. If found guilt of male homosexuality, you can be sent to prison for up to 14 years of hard labor.

Catching Noddy Terns is a traditional activity. The men stand on the beach and throw lassos at birds. The lasso is thrown in the air as a bird flies close. It then hits or drapes over the bird bringing it to the ground. The Noddy is then prepared to be eaten.

5 Facts of Namibia

2012-10-20T11:53:00.003-07:00

The capital of Namibia is Windhoek

Namibia is the 34th largest country in the world. Yet, it is the second least populated in the world. The country is located on the southwest coast of Africa and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean, Angola ,Zambia and South Africa. The country is led by a President who is elected to a five year term and the judicial and legislative branches.

5 Facts You Might Not Know

The main economic sector of the Namibia economy is mining as the country is the fourth largest producer of uranium and a large producer of gem quality diamonds. It is in the process of becoming number one by 2015. Other important parts of the economy include the white dominated agriculture sector with a quick growth in wildlife conservatories, which plan to employ many of the country's nearly 50 percent unemployed residents. The third largest economic sector is manufacturing with the production of cement, beverage and food production.

Namibia has been named the fifth best tourist destination and the best value for money destination in the world. It has a long history of valuing the tourist industry starting with the establishment of its first national park, Etosha Pan, in 1907. Popular animals at Elosha Pan's 50 watering holes include African elephants, black rhinoceros, giraffes, black-faced impalas, pelicans and flamingos.

The largest city in Namibia is Windhoek which has 300,000 residents. The city is served by a major airport, highways and the railroad. Major tourist attractions in Windhoek include the National Museum, the Christ Church, the National Library of Namibia and the Supreme Court of Namibia's building.

Namibia has a large problem with HIV with one of the largest rates per capita in the world, leading to a life expectancy of just 49 years. HIV has impacted approximately 17 percent of the nation's children with the death of one parent. Malaria is also a large problem and helps to spread the HIV virus.

Fish River Canyon is the world's second largest canyon in the world. A popular activity is hiking the canyon 53 mile trail starting at Hobas. All hikers must have a medical certificate and hike with at least two other people older than 12. The hike is open only from May 1 to September 15 due to excessive summer temperatures.

5 Facts of Mozambique

2012-10-20T05:24:00.001-07:00

The capital of Mozambique is Maputo

The beautiful country of Mozambique, officially called The Republic Of Mozambique is located on the southeastern border of the African continent. Recent economic growth has caught the attention of many international analyst and media outlets. Mozambique is a country with a very rich and diverse history. The nation offers many famous natural wonders and booming businesses. These are just two of many reasons to visit Mozambique. Below we've listed a few interesting facts about this great African nation.

5 Facts You Might Not Know

The capital of Mozambique is Maputo. This city was original named Louren'o Marques and was changed to Maputo in 1976 once the country gained it's independence from Portugal. The strong influence of Latin culture is very prevalent In Maputo. Many travelers describe the capital as being lively and vibrant, with an atmosphere similarly to Rio or Cape Town.

With A large amount of natural resources Mozambique's current economy is considered to be one of the best in Africa. Rapidly growing supplies of aluminum, agricultural goods and petroleum production, are speeding up GDP growth each year.

The country of Mozambique is home to the many religions Including Islam and tradition indigenous African faiths, but the predominant religion of the nation is Christianity. The Baha faith has recently grown and its nation membership proves that it's rapidly becoming a popular faith in the nation.

Mozambique is known to have some of the very best beaches on the east coast of Africa. Quirimbas Archipelago and Bazaruto Archipelago are two of the very best locations Mozambique has to offer visitors. Both of these locations are world famous for there white sandy shores and beautiful breezy settings. Many international travel enthusiasts enjoy indulging in the luxury accommodations at both of these beaches.

The country of Mozambique is the 35th largest nation in the world and one of the largest in Africa. The land mass and size of the population is similarly to that of Turkey and Iran.

5 Facts of Morocco

2012-10-20T05:13:00.001-07:00

The capital of Morocco is Rabat

5 Facts You Might Not Know

Morocco's Arabic name is 'al-Mamlakat al-Maghribiyyah', which can be translated as 'The Western Kingdom', although it is commonly known as 'Al-Maghrib', which means simply 'The West'. The English name of the country derives from the Spanish word 'Marruecos' and the Portugese word 'Marrocos', which both come from 'Morroch' in old Latin, which derived from 'Marrakech', the name of the ancient capital city of Almohad and Almoravid. This meant 'Land of God' in the Berber language. Until very recently, the country was called 'Marrakesh' in the Arabic languages of the Middle East.

Agriculture is vitally important to Morocco's economy. It employs nearly half of the country's workforce, making it Morocco's largest employer. The primary products are barley, wheat and other cereals; but on the plains near the Atlantic coast the most commonly grown crops are olives, grapes, citrus fruits, tomatoes, strawberries, melons and apples, watered by the system of artesian wells. Morocco is also responsible for as much as 70 percent of the hashish, the resin produced from the cannabis plant, shipped to Western Europe, where it is sold, often illegally.

Moroccan music is diverse and growing rapidly. Influenced by a wide range of traditions, including Andalusian, African, Arab and Amazigh, it makes use of traditional instruments including the 'nay' (flute), zither (qanun), and assorted short-neck lutes such as the gimbri and the ud. Percussion is often provided by a terracotta drum.

Moroccan cuisine is famed for its use of spices, although many of these have been imported to the country for thousands of years. However, saffron, mint, olives and citrus flavours are all home-grown. Famous dishes include couscous, tajine, harira, and pastilla. No visit to Morocco is complete without sampling a cup of green tea with mint.

Morocco will play host to the 2015 Africa Cup of Nations, Africa's largest football championship. Football is the country's most popular and most played sport, particularly popular amongst young people living in the cities. In 1986, Morocco was the first country in the Arab-African region to reach the second round of the football World Cup.

5 Facts of Montserrat

2012-10-20T05:08:00.002-07:00

The capital of Montserrat is Plymouth

Montserrat is an island in the Caribbean's Lesser Antilles chain. This Leeward Island has a casual, laid back lifestyle that was severely disrupted by eruptions of the Soufri're Hills volcano in 1995 and 1997. In February 2005, a new airport that handles several daily flights was officially opened by Princess Anne at Gerald's on the northern tip of the island. A new capital and port facilities are being constructed at Little Bay to replace those lost when the capital of Plymouth had to be abandoned. Despite this volcanic activity, much of Montserrat remains green and fertile. The inhabitants of Montserrat are as welcoming of visitors as ever before.

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The island was claimed for Spain by Christopher Columbus while on his second voyage in 1493. The island was named Santa Mar'a de Montserrat after the famous Catalonian Monastery. It was the British, however, who colonized the island significantly, mostly with Irish Catholics fleeing Oliver Cromwell.

Montserrat is nicknamed the 'Emerald Isle of the Caribbean' due to its lush, green countryside, the resemblance of its coast to that of Ireland and its inhabitant's Irish ancestry.

As with numerous Caribbean Islands, African slaves were imported to support the sugar and Sea Island Cotton plantations. The commemoration of the failed slave uprising that occurred on St. Patrick's Day 1768 has become a weeklong national holiday. The festivities celebrate the culture of Montserrat, through traditional costumes, dances, songs and food of the island. Montserrat abolished slavery in 1834.

Like countless isolated islands, Montserrat is home to various extremely rare flora and fauna. The National Trust of Montserrat, along with the Royal Botanic Gardens, has undertaken the job of conserving these national treasures. They have rescued saved several specimens of the endangered pribby and Montserrat orchid from the ravages of the recent volcanic activity. There are also efforts to protect the ten species of bats endemic to the coastal caves.

Visitors looking for something different from the typical Caribbean island vacation should take the opportunity to view the active Soufri're Hills volcano from the Jack Boy Hill viewing platform. .