Digital Community

Ansible

2020-12-03T10:59:00.000-08:00

Ansible

Ansible is a radically simple IT automation engine that automates cloud provisioning, configuration management, application deployment, intra-service orchestration, and many other IT needs.

Ansible is very easy to deploy just download it and start using it.

Ansible modules can be written in any language that can return JSON (Ruby, Python, bash, etc).

Ansible uses a very simple language (YAML , in the form of Ansible Playbooks) that

gives you to describe what you want you Automate just like HTTPD service and many other different services in a way that approaches plain English.

Ansible represents what machine or in which IP Address it manages, using a very simple INI file that puts all of your managed machines and IP Addresses in groups of your own choosing. To Add new machines, or any other IP you only have to just type it down on the INI file nothing else.

Here's what a plain text inventory file looks like:

[hosts]

192.168.43.102

111.222.43.049

Once the inventory hosts are listed, variables can be assigned to them in simple text files (in a subdirectory called 'host_vars') or directly in the inventory file.

You Can Also use a dynamic inventory to pull your inventory from sources likee EC2 an all.

Once you have an instance available, you can start using it without any additional setup

for example:

ansible all -m ping

ansible all -m yum -a "name=httpd state=installed"

The first Example will ping on all of the IP addresses which are listed in the file

and the second example will install a service on all of the IP's called httpd

So these modules are extremely easy to write and execute.

Ansible starts to get most Interesting with PLAYBOOKS

Playbooks is used to tackle more than one activity at a time or in many of the devices on a single time. Ansible's approach to orchestration is one of finely-tuned simplicity.

Here's what a playbook looks like.

---

- hosts: all

-yum: name="httpd" state=installed

The Ansible documentation explores this in much greater depth.

There's a lot more than you can do, including:

-->Take machines in and out of load balancers and monitoring windows

-->Have one server know the IP address of all the others using facts gathered about those particular servers - and use those to dynamically build out configuration files

-->Set some variables and prompt for others, and set defaults for when they are not set

-->Use the result of one command to decide whether to run another

And the most important thing is that the language that Ansible uses remains very much readable and transparent, and you have never do the things like declare explicit ordering relationships or write code in a programming language.

How AWS EC2 uses Ansible?

Manage Cloud Like Cloud with Ansible

When you deploy an application into AWS, you will soon realize that the cloud is much more than a collection of servers in someone else's data center. You now have a fleet of services available to you to rapidly deploy and scale applications. However, if you continue to manage AWS like just a group of servers, you won’t see the full benefit of your migration to the cloud. Ansible automation can help you manage your AWS environment like a fleet of services instead of a collection of servers.

Out of the box, Ansible has nearly 100 modules supporting AWS capabilities, including:

AMI Management

Autoscaling Groups

CloudFormation

CloudTrail

CloudWatch

DynamoDB

ElastiCache

Elastic Block Store (EBS)

Elastic Cloud Compute (EC2)

Elastic IPs (EIP)

Elastic Load Balancers (ELB)

Identity Access Manager (IAM)

Kinesis

Lambda

Relational Database Service

Route53

Security Groups

Security Token Service

Simple Storage Service (S3)

Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)

Safely Automating at the Speed of Business

When you only had one or two engineers working in AWS, everything seemed easy. Now that you’ve got ten or more, you need controls in place that restrict users’ ability to modify certain environments. Ansible Tower delivers with its extensive set of role-based access controls that ensures users will only have access to the AWS resources (networks, systems, security groups, etc.) that they require for their job. Plus, Ansible Tower encrypts credentials such as AWS and SSH keys so that you can delegate simple automation jobs to junior employees without giving out the keys.

Migrations Made Easy

Your CIO just mandated that you have to migrate dozens of workloads to AWS. With Ansible, you can use the same simple playbook language to manage your infrastructure and deploy your application. Use Ansible to define your application locally. Once you can repeatedly deploy that application locally, re-deploying it to a different infrastructure is as straightforward as defining your AWS environment, and then applying your application’s playbook. No more surprises.

2020-11-11T01:37:00.001-08:00

Creating a Menu based program in Python: Integrating the different Technologies

Our project is all about automation that how we can automate the technologies by Scripting. Here, In this project, we are using Python as our Scripting Language.

Our Motive is that we can access the control of these locally or Remotely.

The Following 5 technologies have been automated by us: -

You can find out our source code @ (GitHub) Linux_Automation

`1. AWS ( Amazon Web Services )`

Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a subsidiary of Amazon providing on-demand cloud computing platforms and APIs to individuals, companies, and governments, on a metered pay-as-you-go basis. These cloud computing web services provide a variety of basic abstract technical infrastructure and distributed computing building blocks and tools. One of these services is Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), which allows users to have at their disposal a virtual cluster of computers, available all the time, through the Internet. AWS's version of virtual computers emulates most of the attributes of a real computer, including hardware central processing units (CPUs) and graphics processing units (GPUs) for processing; local/RAM memory; hard-disk/SSD storage; a choice of operating systems; networking; and pre-loaded application software such as web servers, databases, and customer relationship management (CRM).

`2. Docker`

Docker is an open platform for developing, shipping, and running applications. Docker enables you to separate your applications from your infrastructure so you can deliver software quickly. With Docker, you can manage your infrastructure in the same ways you manage your applications.
Docker provides the ability to package and run an application in a loosely isolated environment called a container. The isolation and security allow you to run many containers simultaneously on a given host. Containers are lightweight because they don’t need the extra load of a hypervisor, but run directly within the host machine’s kernel. This means you can run more containers on a given hardware combination than if you were using virtual machines. You can even run Docker containers within host machines that are actually virtual machines!

`3. yum Configuration`

What is `yum`?

yum is the primary tool for getting, installing, deleting, querying, and managing Red Hat Enterprise Linux RPM software packages from official Red Hat software repositories, as well as other third-party repositories. yum is used in Red Hat Enterprise Linux versions 5 and later. Versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 and earlier used up2date.

`4. Basic Linux Command`

A command is an instruction given by a user telling a computer to do something, such a run a single program or a group of linked programs. ... Commands on Unix-like operating systems are either built-ins or external commands. The former are part of the shell.

`5. Hadoop`

Apache Hadoop is a collection of open-source software utilities that facilitates using a network of many computers to solve problems involving massive amounts of data and computation. It provides a software framework for distributed storage and processing of big data using the MapReduce programming model.

INTEGRATED FUNCTIONS

`Options Integrated with AWS ( Amazon Web Services )`

Installing Amazon CLI
List All AvailabilityZone!
Configuring AWS CLI Tools
List All Instances
Launch an Instance
List All KeyPairs
Attach A Volume
List All SecurityGroups
Create S3 Bucket
List All Subnets
Attach S3 bucket to CloudFront
List All InstanceTypeOfferings
Terminate os
List All Volume Created
List All VolumeOffering
Exit

Options Integrated with Docker 

Docker Configuration
Create a Container !
Install Docker 
Check all created os
Docker Status
Delete all created os
Check Docker Images
Start Docker Container Network Connectivity
Download Docker Image
Create and Configure Webserver
Check running os
Delete a Container
Delete Container Image
Exit !



Options Integrated with Yum Configuration

Yum Configuration
Install Application
Remove Application
Exit



Options Integrated with Basic Linux Command

Start a Process
Stop a Process
Status of Process
To Know Which Directory
Show files in directory
To delete file
To copy file
Move file
To make file executable
Exit



Options Integrated with Hadoop

Hadoop Installation
Hadoop Status
Configure NameNode
Check Connected Nodes
Configure DataNode
Upload File
Exit !









🎯 Team members:-
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/creating-menu-based-program-python-integrating-different-adarsh-kumar
Nikhil Suryawanshi
Adarsh Kumar
Aman Vijay
Jayesh Jain

Create an EBS Volume and Connect it to a EC2 Instance in AWS Using CLI | ARTH 2020

2020-10-21T08:10:00.001-07:00

Task - 3

🔅Create a key pair
🔅 Create a security group
🔅 Launch an instance using the above created key pair and security group.
🔅 Create an EBS volume of 1 GB.
🔅 The final step is to attach the above created EBS volume to the instance you created in the previous steps.

#aws #awscloud #awscsa #arthbylw #vimaldaga #righteducation #educationredefine #rightmentor #worldrecordholder #ARTH #linuxworld #makingindiafutureready #righeudcation

Step - 1 : Login to your AWS (Amazon Web Service ) Console.

Step - 2 : Then Click on Services which is on the left Upper Corner of the Console.

Step - 3 : Then find IAM Service and Click on IAM.

Step - 4 : Then Click on Users on the left Menu.

Step - 5 : Then Click on Add User Button.

Step - 6: Click on Next.

Step - 7 : Select Attach Existing Policies Directly.

Step - 8 : Then Download this file for Future use.

Step - 9 : Open Terminal if You are on Mac or Linux and open Command Prompt if you are on Windows.

And Type : aws configure

Step - 10 : Enter your AWS Access Key ID which you have created Now.

Step - 10 : Then enter your AWS Secret Access Key ID which you have created Now.

Step - 11 : Choose Your Region which will you found on the AWS console.

Step - 12 : Create a new Key Pair in CLI.

Command : aws ec2 create-key-pair --key-name Adarsh-CLI --query 'KeyMaterial' --output text > Adarsh-CLI.pem

Step - 13 : This command create a new key pair file with the provided name into your current working directory.

Step - 14 : Now Again Click on services and go to EC2 Services.

Step - 15 : Then Click on Launch Instance.

Step - 16 : Then Copy the AMI of the instance which you want to launch through CLI.

And Click Select.

Step - 17 : Copy the type name you want to launch.

In my case I have chosen t2.micro.

Then Click on Next.

Step - 18 : Then Copy the subnet group id.

In my case it is : subnet-34743579

Click on Next.

Click on Cancel.

Step - 19 : To launch the selected instance Using CLI, run the following Command.

aws ec2 run-instances --image-id ami-0947d2ba12ee1ff75 --instance-type t2.micro --count 1 --subnet-id subnet-34743579 --security-group-ids sg-08d92e1128c4fff5e --key-name iAdarsh-CLI

You will find this type of screen will come.

Copy your instance id, we need it later.

(OPTIONAL )Step - 20 : Go to your AWS console you will a new instance is running with the same instance id which you have copied. this verifies that you are successfully launched a instance successfully.

Congratulations !!!!!

Step - 20 : Now to create a EBS Volume type the Following Command.

Command : aws ec2 create-volume \

--volume-type gp2 \

--size 1 \

--availability-zone us-east-1d

Step - 21 : Copy the Volume-Id.

Step - 20 : Connect the Newly Created Volume to your instance .

Command : aws ec2 attach-volume --volume-id vol-05767a04700f1b9f4 --instance-id i-0449347ef5f79c22b --device /dev/sdf

Case Studies of Companies Got Benefited from AI / ML | ARTH 2020

2020-10-16T21:27:00.008-07:00

Task - 5

Case Studies of Companies Got Benefited from AI / ML

#aws #awscloud #awscsa #arthbylw #vimaldaga #righteducation #educationredefine #rightmentor #worldrecordholder #ARTH #linuxworld #makingindiafutureready #righeudcation

1. Alibaba

Chinese company Alibaba is the world's largest e-commerce platform that sells more than Amazon and eBay combined. Artificial intelligence (AI) is integral in Alibaba’s daily operations and is used to predict what customers might want to buy. With natural language processing, the company automatically generates product descriptions for the site. Another way Alibaba uses artificial intelligence is in its City Brain project to create smart cities. The project uses AI algorithms to help reduce traffic jams by monitoring every vehicle in the city. Additionally, Alibaba, through its cloud computing division called Alibaba Cloud, is helping farmers monitor crops to improve yield and cuts costs with artificial intelligence.

2. Alphabet – Google

Alphabet is Google’s parent company. Waymo, the company’s self-driving technology division, began as a project at Google. Today, Waymo wants to bring self-driving technology to the world to not only to move people around but to reduce the number of crashes. Its autonomous vehicles are currently shuttling riders around California in self-driving taxis. Right now, the company can’t charge fare and a human driver still sits behind the wheel during the pilot program. Google signaled its commitment to deep learning when it acquired DeepMind. Not only did the system learn how to play 49 different Atari games, but the AlphaGo program was also the first to beat a professional player at the game of Go. Another AI innovation from Google is Google Duplex. Using natural language processing, an AI voice interface can make phone calls and schedule appointments on your behalf. Learn even more about how Google is incorporating artificial intelligence and machine learning into operations.

Not only is Amazon in the artificial intelligence game with its digital voice assistant, Alexa, but artificial intelligence is also part of many aspects of its business. Another innovative way Amazon uses artificial intelligence is to ship things to you before you even think about buying it. They collect a lot of data about each person’s buying habits and have such confidence in how the data they collect helps them recommend items to its customers and now predict what they need even before they need it by using predictive analytics. In a time when many brick-and-mortar stores are struggling to figure out how to stay relevant, America’s largest e-tailer offers a new convenience store concept called Amazon Go. Unlike other stores, there is no checkout required. The stores have artificial intelligence technology that tracks what items you pick up and then automatically charges you for those items through the Amazon Go app on your phone. Since there is no checkout, you bring your own bags to fill up with items, and there are cameras watching your every move to identify every item you put in your bag to ultimately charge you for it.

4. Apple

Apple, one of the world’s largest technology companies, selling consumer electronics such as iPhones and Apple Watches, as well as computer software and online services. Apple uses artificial intelligence and machine learning in products like the iPhone, where it enables the FaceID feature, or in products like the AirPods, Apple Watch, or HomePod smart speakers, where it enables the smart assistant Siri. Apple is also growing its service offering and is using AI to recommend songs on Apple Music, help you find your photo in the iCloud, or navigate to your next meeting using Maps.

5. Baidu

The Chinese equivalent of Google, Baidu, uses artificial intelligence in many ways. They have a tool called Deep Voice that uses artificial intelligence and deep learning that only needs 3.7 seconds of audio to clone a voice. They use this same technology to create a tool that reads books to you in the author’s voice—all automated with no recording studio necessary.

6. Facebook

One of the primary ways Facebook uses artificial intelligence and deep learning is to add structure to its unstructured data. They use DeepText, a text understanding engine, to automatically understand and interpret the content and emotional sentiment of the thousands of posts (in multiple languages) that its users publish every second. With DeepFace, the social media giant can automatically identify you in a photo that is shared on its platform. In fact, this technology is so good, it’s better at facial recognition than humans. The company also uses artificial intelligence to automatically catch and remove images that are posted on its site as revenge porn.

7. IBM

IBM has been at the forefront of artificial intelligence for years. It's been more than 20 years since IBM's Deep Blue computer became the first to conquer a human world chess champion. The company followed up that feat with other men vs. machine competitions, including its Watson computer, winning the game show Jeopardy. The latest artificial intelligence accomplishment for IBM is Project Debater. This AI is a cognitive computing engine that competed against two professional debaters and formulated human-like arguments.

8. JD.com

JD.com is the Chinese version of Amazon. Its founder Richard Liu expects and is driving toward having his company be 100% automated in the future. Right now, its warehouse is already fully automated, and they have been making drone deliveries of packages for the last four years. JD.com is driving business with the artificial intelligence revolution, big data, and robotics while building the retail infrastructure for the 4th industrial revolution.

9. Microsoft

Artificial intelligence is a term that appears on Microsoft's vision statement, which illustrates the company’s focus on having smart machines central to everything they do. They are incorporating intelligent capabilities to all its products and services, including Cortana, Skype, Bing, and Office 365, and are one of the world's biggest AI as a Service (AIaaS) vendors.

10. Tencent

Chinese social media company Tencent has incorporated artificial intelligence into its operations in its quest to become "the most respected internet enterprise," Tencent relies on artificial intelligence. It has 1 billion users on its app WeChat, but has extended its reach to gaming, digital assistants, mobile payments, cloud storage, live streaming, sports, education, movies, and even self-driving cars. One of the company's slogans is "AI in all." Tencent acquires huge amounts of information and insights about its customers that it processes and leverages to the company’s advantage.

How they Got Benefited from AI / ML :

1. Chatbots:

Artificial intelligence continues to be a hot topic in the technology space as well as increasing its inception into other realms such as healthcare, business, and gaming. AI-powered chatbots in enterprises will also see an influx of people get more comfortable with how AI can actually benefit businesses versus, say, take away their jobs. From an analytical standpoint, AI can be incorporated into interfaces to change how they receive and understand data.

Chatbots, in particular, are always on, delivering smart and flexible analytics through conversations on mobile devices using standard messaging tools and voice-activated interfaces.This dramatically reduces the time to collect data for all business users, thereby accelerating the pace of business and streamlines the way analysts use their time, preparing companies for the growing data needs of the near future.

– Adrien Schmidt, CEO of Bouquet – worlds first AI-powered chatbot that turns data analytics into meaningful conversation.

2. Artificial Intelligence in eCommerce:

Artificial Intelligence technology provides a competitive edge to e-commerce businesses and is becoming readily available to companies of any size or budget. Leveraging machine learning, AI software automatically tags, organizes and visually searches content by labeling features of the image or video.

AI is enabling shoppers to discover associated products whether it is size, color, shape, or even brand. The visual capabilities AI is improving every year. By first obtaining visual cues from the uploaded imagery, the software can successfully assist the customer in finding the product they desire. Many e-commerce retailers are already becoming more sophisticated with their AI capabilities, and I only expect this to grow in the future.

– Ian McClarty, President, PhoenixNAP Global IT Services @phoenixnap

3. AI to Improve Workplace Communication:

Current business communication is overloaded with content, channels, tools, and so-called solutions, depriving individuals (and companies) from hitting targets while also harming work-life balance. Artificial Intelligence will help businesses improve communication internally and externally by enabling individual personalization for each professional, allowing for enhanced focus and increased productivity.

With such AI personalization, each individual will be empowered thanks to an intelligent virtual assistant, helping take care of mundane or repeatable tasks, save time by understanding your needs and goals, as well as recommend next-best-action to take…as to utilize time much more efficiently, without requiring any extra effort. In the short to long run, business processes will improve, innovation will grow as employees will clear their tasks, and stress may decrease.

– Eran Abramson, Head of Marketing at Knowmail @Knowmail

4. Human Resource Management:

AI and Machine learning are going to drastically and irrevocably change how HR and recruitment work in every company and this is going to be awesome. In fact, HR is likely to be one of the first areas of business that will benefit from AI for two simple reasons. Firstly there are tons of top quality data in HR, and secondly, HR is one part of any company that is both essential and yet feels the pressure of time.

If aspects of the recruiting and HR job can be automated, the HR workers can have the freedom to directly work with people in the business or potential hires, spending the quality human time necessary for a great HR department. It might seem paradoxical but the more Artificial Intelligence a company deploys in HR, the more ‘Human’ a company it can be.

Artificial Intelligence will essentially take out all of the “worst” elements of every HR professionals job (mundane screening, time-consuming paperwork, and annoying data entry) as well as deliver powerful tools and insights are a bonus to make their work better. HR’s automatic generation of top quality data and the incredible benefits of AI make it one of the first places to experience the 4th industrial revolution.

– Xavier, Co-Founder, and CEO, PLATO Intelligence – an AI-based HRMS. @XavierParker116

5. AI in Healthcare:

In the year ahead, and particularly in the next five to ten years, artificial intelligence is going to have a big impact on the healthcare industry and the ways in which healthcare related companies utilize AI. Here is a short note from Dr. Jeff Dunn, CEO of Redivus Health. Redivus Health is a transformative mobile app used by healthcare providers to prevent medical errors by offering both clinical decision support during critical medical events as well as documenting those events electronically in real time.

AI presents opportunities for our application to take the data we have gathered from patients and be able to clinically innovate to improve patient outcomes to an even greater extent. AI improves reliability, predictability, and consistency with quality and patient safety. For us, AI, as applied to software, is used as a decision augmentation tool, but it should not have free reign without human interaction and guidance. While it can’t replace doctors and nurses, it can make them more effective, efficient and happier on the job as it takes the cognitive burden off our providers – which increases confidence as well as reduces stress and anxiety.

6. Intelligent Cybersecurity:

In regard to cybersecurity, Artificial Intelligence is making great strides. Although AI is considered to be in its infancy in cybersecurity and cannot always effectively address all issues, it works successfully in data protection. AI allows companies to detect vulnerabilities or anomalous user behavior in such business applications as ERP or Financial systems.

A system of behavior anomalies analysis in computer systems resembles the world’s most protected airport: when you are on the way to it, the security system has enough time to analyze your identity; you are examined by cameras and in case of any signs of danger, you are intercepted. Deep learning is empowered to see if a user has any suspicious activity. So, even if attackers have penetrated into a victim’s system, they start taking actions that differ from the usual ones and as a result, they do not leave unnoticed and their damage is prevented.

– Alexander Polyakov, CTO, Co-Founder of ERPScan @sh2kerr

7. Artificial Intelligence in Logistics and Supply Chain:

When combined with customer data and analytics, physical artificial intelligence removes friction from the customer experience. Artificial intelligence empowers businesses to act on consumer data to drive improvements throughout many areas of supply chain operations. Mobile technology and the “Uberization” of things have made consumers hungry for AI.

Consumers demand shorter delivery waits from retailers and retailers will expect the same from manufacturers and distribution centers. Autonomous trucks and robotic picking systems allow supply chains to make fulfillment seven days a week. Within the next five years, the shipping term “business days” will become obsolete as consumers expect delivery on nights and weekends.

– Matthew J. Brosious, CEO FreightCenter, Inc. @FreightCenter

8. Sports betting Industry:

In its article Sports trading and AI: Taking the human out of sports betting, Gambling Insider argues that, “Just as more scientific analysis of sport is changing how coaches, trainers, and clubs play their respective games, greater analysis of sporting events is helping odds making database operators evaluate the potential permutations of each sporting event, increasing the accuracy of that respective odd and thereby making the subsequent odds determination easier.”

Human traders cannot compete with artificial intelligence when it comes to analyzing huge volume of data. With AI we can perform analysis of the vast volume of sporting analysis data available to maximize our accuracy when it comes to predicting future outcomes. This proves especially fruitful in today’s expansive betting market, where a large number of games and bet types are offered to an increasingly insatiable betting public.

9. Streamlined Manufacturing with AI:

For most customers when it comes to AI or Machine Learning, the magic happens when vast amounts of data can be streamed at milliseconds from the machine and process data of various databases. This provides actionable insights that can help these customers reduce non-productive downtime, predict failures or build a “golden batch” that can be benchmarked across all production lines.

An example is a global adhesive manufacturing customer that is pulling data from their lab systems where the raw material is brought in and tested for quality. Data is also being pulled from what is called their “cooking process” where, based on dynamic conditions, AI and Machine Learning make real time recommendations about which materials to inject at what time to ensure continuity of the process. This helps the manufacturer keep a continual “golden batch” manufacturing of their products, improving yield and customer satisfaction.

– Rick Harlow, EVP and Head of Americas at Flutura Decision Sciences & Analytics @Flutura_IOT_SME

10. Casino/Hotels/Integrated Resorts:

AI can help hotels/casinos discover customer segments that they may not realize were there. Which customers want to be near the pool, which ones need three morning papers before they can tackle the day. Armed with this kind of information, hotels can understand what matters the most to its guests at the individual level, enabling them to anticipate their guest’s needs before even the guests are aware of them.

Even more, hotels can understand key characteristics of their most profitable customers and recognize the next important ones when he or she happens to login onto the hotel’s online reservation system. The use of deep neural networks and image classifiers can analyze and parse images, which can enable hotel marketers to monitor the images that provide the highest booking conversion rate through each channel. AI can also be used to compute dynamic clusters of guests to create fluid segmentation in real-time.

11. Retail:

Shopping online creates rich data footprints regarding the individual preferences, spending habits and preferred channels of individual consumers. Feeding these digital breadcrumbs into an AI-engine helps bring curated shopping journeys to mass audiences. Automated bots can create lifelike, seamless customer service experiences, addressing the consumer on their purchase history and known preferences.

On the marketing side, AI may deliver that extra dash of relevancy programmatic advertising has been waiting for all these years. On the consumer side, AI helps create individualized display ads that website visitors want to see, while on the accounting side, “the bots handle invoicing and payment for these transactions, giving marketers more time to focus on the big picture. With AI, predictive customer service and marketing could be just around the corner.

–Andrew Person, president of Intelligencia – a software consulting company. The above two use cases were shared by him during an interview with our team. @intelligenciaAI

Case Studies of Companies Got Benefited from AWS | ARTH 2020

2020-09-20T11:44:00.011-07:00

ARTH - 2020

Task - 2

Case Studies of Companies Got Benefited from AWS

#aws #awscloud #awscsa #arthbylw #vimaldaga #righteducation #educationredefine #rightmentor #worldrecordholder #ARTH #linuxworld #makingindiafutureready #righeudcation

There are a lot of companies that are benefited from Amazon Web Services (AWS) and mentioning them all of them in detail in a single post is impossible, so in this post, I have mentioned some of the companies who get benefited

from AWS are follows: -

Let’s Start

1. Unilever Case Study

Unilever was formed in 1930 by the merger of Dutch

margarine producer, Margarine Unie and British soap

maker, Lever Brothers. Today, the consumer goods

giant sells food, home care, refreshments, and personal

care products in over 190 countries. Unilever has

headquarters in London, United Kingdom and

Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and subsidiaries in

over 90 countries. The company employs more

than 170,000 people. In 2012, Unilever reported more

than €51 billion in revenue.

The Challenge

Unilever North America in Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey needed to re-design its infrastructure to support Unilever’s digital marketing approach. Unilever previously used on-premises data centers to host its web properties, all of which had different technologies and processes. “We needed to standardize our environment to support a faster time-to-market," says Sreenivas Yalamanchili, Digital Marketing Services (DMS) Global Technical Manager. Unilever optimizes its business model by testing a marketing campaign in a pilot country. If the campaign is successful, the company deploys it to other countries and regions. The IT organization wanted to use the cloud to implement the same process.

Why Amazon Web Services

After a comprehensive RFP and review process involving more than 16 companies, Unilever chose Amazon Web Services (AWS). Unilever’s priorities in choosing a digital marketing platform included flexibility, a global infrastructure, technology, as well as a rich ecosystem of members. “With AWS, we have the same hosting provider for all regions, which means we don’t have to customize and tweak hosting solutions per region,” says Yalamanchili. “Unilever is focused on delivering great brands to consumers; it’s not an IT shop. We’re able to spend less and get more innovation by working with AWS and members of the AWS Partner Network.”

The Unilever IT team had two goals for the AWS migration: deliver a common technology platform for websites with regional content delivery architecture, and migrate existing web properties to the cloud.

To develop the platform, Unilever attended an AWS workshop to design the architecture. Then the DMS team built a pilot platform (a disaster recovery site for third-party hosting in Miami) for stakeholder review. After obtaining business approval, Unilever chose CSS Corporation, an Advanced Consulting Partner member of the Amazon Partner Network (APN), for system integration and application development. The DMS team worked with CSS to develop a global content management system (CMS) . The CMS platform lets agencies build brand web sites globally and publish them across several AWS regions. Unilever uses a HAProxy load balancer to improve performance of its web sites and runs its databases on Microsoft SQL Server and MySQL.

The Benefits

For Unilever, moving to the AWS Cloud improved business agility and operational efficiency. “Previously, requesting a website for a marketing campaign was a lengthy process,” says Yalamanchili. “By using AWS, we improved time to launch for a digital marketing campaign from two weeks to an average of two days. That’s more than seven times faster than our traditional environment. If a brand manager has an idea, he or she can implement it before the competition,”

“Using AWS saves us time,” he continues. “I can simply go to the AWS website and plug in numbers to calculate costs. That makes it easy for me to set up a standard billing model for websites. It takes our partner, CSS, less than 12 hours to calculate pricing for a campaign website. I can comfortably say to my marketing folks that we have the capacity for anything we want to do. We can focus on innovation rather than infrastructure.”

“The other advantage is the responsiveness of the AWS Cloud,” says Yalamanchili. “By using AWS, one of the brand managers was able to completely alter a campaign within 24 hours, which wouldn’t happen with the physical infrastructure.”

“AWS listens to us and helps come up with ideas to do things differently that are beneficial,” says Morgan. “I really enjoy the rapid rate of innovation from AWS.” Yalamanchili adds, “With AWS, it’s the customer's way, always. AWS has proved to us that it's the customer that matters by listening to us and innovating products and services."

“AWS listens to us and helps come up with ideas to do things differently that are beneficial."

--Nick Morgan

Enterprise Architect for Digital Marketing

2. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Case Study

NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory

(JPL) has developed the All-Terrain

Add caption

Hex-Limbed Extra-Terrestrial Explorer

(ATHLETE) robot. As a multi-purpose

vehicle, each of the ATHLETE’s six

limbs is attached to a wheel, enabling the vehicle

to travel across various types of terrain—ranging

from smooth surfaces to rolling hills to ruggedly steep terrain. However, the wheels can also be locked to transform the limbs into general purpose legs that can be used as feet. The ATHLETE robot can also be used for loading, unloading, and transporting cargo for long distances.

The Challenge

As part of the Desert Research and Training Studies (D-RATS), NASA/JPL performs annual field tests on the ATHLETE robot in conjunction with robots from other NASA centers. While driving the robots, operators depend on high-resolution satellite images for guidance, positioning, and situational awareness. To streamline the processing of the satellite images, NASA/JPL engineers developed an application that takes advantage of the parallel nature of the workflow. NASA/JPL relies on Amazon Web Services (AWS) for this effort.

Why Amazon Web Services

The application is built on Polyphony, which is a modular workflow orchestration framework designed to streamline the process of leveraging hundreds of nodes on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2). By accommodating excess capacity on local machines and spare resources in the supercomputing center, Polyphony meshes perfectly with the AWS Cloud. Most important, Polyphony enables the resources to work together to achieve a common goal. By using Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS), NASA/JPL developers can deploy massive computations on Amazon EC2 by writing as little as a single class.

NASA/JPL had previously used Polyphony to validate the utility of cloud computing for processing hundreds of thousands of small images in an Amazon EC2 environment. However, NASA/JPL has adopted the cluster compute environment for processing huge images and recently processed a 3.2 giga-pixel image to support the ATHLETE robot operations in its 2010 D-RATS field test. Khawaja Shams, Senior Solution Architect, reports that “AWS resources completed the work in less than two hours on a cluster of 30 Cluster Compute Instances. This demonstrates a significant improvement over previous implementations.”

The Benefits

In addition to its support for the ATHLETE robot, Polyphony has been delivered to the Mars Science Laboratory to serve as one of the primary data processing and delivery pipelines that process data downloaded from Mars. Shams explains that the application “allowed us to process nearly 200,000 Cassini images within a few hours under $200 on AWS.” Due to the lack of elasticity available internally before switching to AWS, Shams says that “we were only able to use a single machine locally and spent more than 15 days on the same task.” The efficiency and cost-savings offered by AWS has proven invaluable.

AWS resources completed the work in less than two hours on a cluster of 30 Cluster Compute Instances. This demonstrates a significant improvement over previous implementations.”

--Khawaja Shams

Senior Solution Architect, NASA/JPL

3. IMDb Case Study

The Internet Movie Database (IMDb) is one of the

world’s most popular and authoritative sources for movie, TV and celebrity content with more than 100 million unique visitors per month.

Why Amazon Web Services

IMDb uses Amazon CloudFront to host search data for the IMDb magic search feature, finding the movie or person you're looking for in just a few key presses. In the mobile space, every millisecond is precious. Mobile customers especially love getting right to the movie they want without having to type a full search query. Amazon CloudFront makes this experience the fastest possible by distributing the content physically close to our worldwide user base. The speed of light becomes a competitive advantage; there is no data service faster than a static cache geographically nearby.

To get the lowest possible latency, all possible results are pre-calculated with a document for every combination of letters in search. Each document is pushed to Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) and thereby to Amazon CloudFront, putting the documents physically close to the users. The theoretical number of possible searches to calculate is mind-boggling—a 20-character search has 23 x 1030 combinations—but in practice, using IMDb's authority on movie and celebrity data can reduce the search space to about 150,000 documents, which Amazon S3 and Amazon CloudFront can distribute in just a few hours. IMDb creates indexes in several languages with daily updates for datasets of over 100,000 movie and TV titles and celebrity names.

The Benefits

While typical services in a centralized data center have a real-world latency floor of around 100ms in the US, a CDN can achieve sub-100ms latencies internationally. "By hosting our search and video files on Amazon CloudFront, we have zero servers to maintain, which makes our reliability sky-high. Amazon CloudFront gives us ultrafast, scalable, and reliable search all over the world," said Doug Treder, senior software developer for IMDb.com. Just for the IMDb iPhone app alone, on a single day in January IMDb had over 2.3M requests, with costs an order-of-magnitude less than that of server hosting.

IMDb also uses Amazon CloudFront to host the latest movie trailers, such as “The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1” world exclusive premiere. CloudFront helps to protect IMDb's video content with private URLs, and is cost-effective to support millions of viewers per day across our websites and mobile platforms. Figures 1-3 demontrate IMDb on AWS.

IMDb offers a searchable database of more than 1.8 million movies, TV and entertainment programs and more than 4 million cast and crew members. A free service, IMDb.com celebrated its 20th anniversary in October 2010. IMDb is conveniently accessible anywhere via its popular “Movies & TV” app for iPhone and iPad that has been installed by more than 12 million consumers and is available worldwide in nine languages. IMDb’s mobile platform also features a leading Android app which is available in seven languages and a mobile-optimized website. IMDb.com is operated by IMDb.com, Inc, a wholly owned subsidiary of Amazon.com, Inc. (NASDAQ:AMZN).

By hosting our search and video files on Amazon CloudFront, we have zero servers to maintain, which makes our reliability sky-high. Amazon CloudFront gives us ultrafast, scalable, and reliable search all over the world.”

--Doug Treder

Senior Software Developer, IMDb.com

4. Autodesk Uses AWS to Develop User Communities, Increase Community Participation, and Get Answers to Community Members Faster

Autodesk chose Amazon Web

Services (AWS) solutions to build

and rapidly deploy a machine

learning model for a new iteration

of a forum called Community Match.

The model would match the expertise of forum members with questions posed on the forum—the idea being to encourage community members who are experts on a particular subject to share their insider knowledge on Autodesk solutions. And whereas previously customers sought Autodesk support only to troubleshoot problems, now they take advantage of the knowledge within the shared community to use Autodesk software more effectively.

Developing Creative AWS-Backed Solutions to Serve Customers

Autodesk used an AWS serverless architecture to create a prototype of the knowledge model in just 1 week. “It was fun to create something from just an idea in such a short time by plugging together the different serverless capabilities that exist on AWS,” says Bradley. A webhook delivers real-time data to AWS from the third-party vendor where Community Match is hosted. “It provides a flexible architecture for us because we can carry that content in many different ways, not only keeping employees in the loop by sending things to Slack but also catering to our different user groups,” says Vizcarra. Autodesk split the forum users into groups: highly engaged, semi-engaged, and observers.

It was fun to create something from an idea so quickly by plugging together the serverless capabilities that exist within AWS.

--James Bradley

Director of Data Science, Autodesk

5. MPL Gaming Platform Goes from Zero to 40 Million Users on AWS

With the proliferation of smartphones and

Add caption

affordable mobile data plans in India,

mobile gaming is quickly becoming a

common pastime. According to Kantar

IMRB, India currently ranks fifth among

the world’s top mobile gaming markets.

Bangalore-based Mobile Premier League (MPL) is one of the biggest and fastest-growing players, offering more than 40 games via its eSports platform. All games, including fantasy sports or the country’s favorite, Rummy, can be played for cash prizes. The MPL mobile app launched in September 2018 and acquired 10 million users within three months, which met the company’s one-year subscriber goal.

Today, MPL has more than 40 million subscribers, making up 14 percent of the total mobile gaming market in India, according to the 2019 report “The Power of Mobile Gaming in India.”

Small Team for Big Jobs

The startup launched on the Amazon Web Services (AWS) Cloud because many of its DevOps engineers had experience on the platform, which accelerated time-to-market. Scalability and automation were also a priority for MPL’s AWS Cloud infrastructure. The startup began with Amazon Aurora as its primary database, using Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) to automate administrative tasks such as provisioning and backups. However, as its dataset grew—particularly its volume of unstructured data—MPL found that Amazon DynamoDB NoSQL database service worked better for gaming use cases because it offered low-latency data access and easy horizontal scaling.

Amazon DynamoDB can efficiently handle volume, velocity, and veracity for the data-heavy workloads typical of gaming companies. Additionally, the database automatically scales capacity to maintain performance during peak periods such as nationwide sporting events, when online traffic for MPL’s fantasy games can spike to 2.5 million hits per minute. Such automation is key in MPL’s architecture and resource planning.

Despite being a year and a half into operations, MPL’s DevOps engineering team have never had to expand since launch. “Our team of 12 engineers manages DevOps, reliability engineering, and 24/7 monitoring,” says Mukta Aphale, vice president of Reliability Engineering at MPL. “We don’t need a big team to run all our applications on AWS.” Its DevOps engineers currently use a microservices architecture for development, automating the deployment of more than 50 separate microservices using AWS CodeDeploy and AWS Lambda.

Dedicated Support

With such rapid growth, MPL has relied on support from AWS for debugging and periodic re-architecting to scale. “Nailing down the problem is often the toughest part of debugging, and AWS was always there to help us,” Aphale says. The startup recently subscribed to AWS Enterprise Support to prepare for the launch of a big campaign. Teams appreciate having an AWS technical account manager (TAM) and AWS Infrastructure Event Management (IEM) as part of the support package, with focused planning and ready assistance leading up to and during the launch.

“Having a dedicated TAM and IEM has led to a more detailed review of our architecture and guidance on how to optimize both the user experience and operating costs,” Aphale says. Early on, AWS hosted an AWS Dev Day event, where MPL teams used Amazon Inspector to uncover potential security vulnerabilities in their infrastructure. These vulnerabilities have since been resolved, and MPL has implemented Amazon GuardDuty for ongoing security monitoring.

Performance at Scale

AWS solutions architects held several discussions with MPL and shared the benefits of containerization. Following that, MPL conducted its own evaluation and moved ahead with containerizing its microservices using Kubernetes. The aim of this is twofold: to stabilize application performance at scale and improve operational efficiency. Its engineers use Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) to run the containers with high availability. “We appreciate being able to control our architecture and decide where and how to automate things. Amazon EKS is much more robust than open source Kubernetes,” Aphale explains.

Implementation of containers is just the first step in MPL’s cost optimization journey. During its first year of operations, the company was focused on scaling and right-sizing its architecture. Now, teams are working on optimizing infrastructure costs and looking to innovate further. Aphale says, “We’re pleasantly surprised with the proactive help from AWS to improve our architecture and save costs.”

Working with their assigned TAM on finding the right instance types for production versus non-production workloads has gone a long way toward reducing costs. In addition, MPL signed up for the AWS Enterprise Discount Program. Since beginning cost optimization exercises, MPL has cut infrastructure costs by 40 percent. “These savings have allowed us to scale our AWS infrastructure to roll out a lot more features and games, which creates a more interesting user experience with features such as audio chat,” Aphale says.

Keeping Customers Happy

A large portion of MPL’s new customer base comes from referrals, so the business focuses heavily on customer satisfaction. For instance, because sub-millisecond latency is critical in gaming to ensure players don’t experience a lag between moves, MPL has been able to maintain an API response time of 30 milliseconds or less since its launch.

In working with AWS to fine-tune its architecture, engineers have also improved the app’s service availability. “Our app uptime has increased significantly to 99.9 percent,” Aphale says. Due to MPL’s confidence in the underlying AWS architecture, the DevOps team is more geared up to take on new challenges. Taking advantage of managed services from AWS and increased automation allow the team to take on development tasks they find interesting and to learn about technology applications such as containers firsthand.

In its road to expansion, MPL launched its gaming platform in Indonesia in July 2019 and is awaiting the launch of AWS data centers in the country by 2022. Aphale concludes, “AWS has been by our side throughout our entire growth journey, from debugging to stabilizing and optimizing to now expanding our product.”

“AWS has been by our side throughout our entire growth journey, from debugging to stabilizing and optimizing to now expanding our product.”

--Mukta Aphale

Vice President, Reliability and Engineering, MPL

6. Docker Case Study

Docker is helping redefine the way

developers build, ship, and run applications.

At the beginning, the company focused on making the

use of containers a standard practice among developers. Now, Docker’s mission is to enable multi-container application models and create a platform to manage it all. Listen to Ben Golub, CEO of Docker, as he comments on the announcement of the Amazon EC2 Container Service and shares what’s coming next on the Docker platform.

Add caption

7. Adobe Systems Case Study

Adobe Systems Managed Services program delivers

enterprise software such as Adobe LiveCycle Forms,

Adobe Connect conferencing software, and Adobe CQ5 to

Fortune 100 companies, large multi-national corporations

, and government agencies. Adobe uses AWS to provide

multi-terabyte operating environments for its customers

. By integrating its systems with the AWS Cloud, Adobe

can focus on deploying and operating its own software

instead of infrastructure.

8. Pinterest Uses AWS to Help 200 Million Users Discover New Ideas

Using AWS, Pinterest has tripled its use of

storage and compute over just two years

without worrying about reliability or scalability.

Pinterest provides one of the world's largest

visual-bookmarking tools, with more than 200 million users and 2 billion boards. The company has used a variety of AWS services to scale its processing, storage, and data-analysis workloads to help developers focus on delighting customers.

9. Animoto Case Study

Animoto, a New York-based online video

service, makes it easy to make and share

videos in just a few minutes. The company

launched in 2007 using its own servers,

but moved to AWS for additional capacity. When Animoto integrated with Facebook in 2008, attracting 750,000 new users in 3 days, it used AWS to handle the load.

10. Samsung Migrates 1.1 Billion Users across Three Continents from Oracle to Amazon Aurora with AWS Database Migration Service

The cloud, as it turns out, is big enough

for everyone. It’s even big enough for

Samsung Electronics, the world’s second

largest IT company by revenue. As users of

SamsungAccount—the company’s certification and authorization service—ballooned to over 1.1 billion, the electronics giant decided it was time to move its massive database away from its monolithic legacy Oracle internet data center (IDC) solution, which was expensive and made it difficult to scale to accommodate growing traffic. Looking to the cloud, Samsung Electronics found Amazon Web Services (AWS) a perfect fit for this shift. In less than 18 months, Samsung Electronics migrated its global Samsung Account data to Amazon Aurora, a MySQL- and PostgreSQL-compatible relational database built for the cloud. This migration from Oracle resulted in a profound cost reduction as Samsung was able to free itself from the restrictive licensing costs of the on-premises legacy database. With the migration to cloud-native Aurora, Samsung is able to focus on innovating and positioning itself for the company’s expected growth.

The scalability of Amazon Aurora is the best benefit—especially if we focus on the cost."

--Salva Jung

Principal Architect and Engineering Manager

Samsung reduced monthly database costs by 44%.

if else Statement in Python | Python Notes & Assignment | Digital Community

2020-08-15T10:48:00.005-07:00

Decision Control Statements

if else Statement in Python

In this post, we are going to discuss Decision Control Statements in Python but before these, if You are not seen our video on this topic please see it first, then you will understand the concepts very well.

· The if Statement

· Concept of Indentation

· The if-else Statement

· The if - elif - else Statement

Decision Control Statements in Python are those statements which decide the execution flow of our program.

In other words, they allow us to decide whether a particular part of our program should run or not based on certain conditions.

The 4 decision control statements in Python are:

if….else

if…elif…else

nested if

The if Statement

The if the statement in Python is similar to other languages like in Java, C, C++, etc.

It is used to decide whether a certain statement or block of statements will be executed or not.

If a certain condition is true then a block of statement is executed otherwise not.

Syntax:

if (expression):

statement1

statement2

statement...n

Some Important Points:

§ Python does not use { } to define the body of a code block, rather it uses indentation.

§ A code block starts with indentation and ends with the first unindented line.

§ The amount of indentation is up to the programmer, but he/she must be consistent throughout that block.

§ The colon after if( ) condition is important and is a part of the syntax. However, parenthesis with the condition is optional

The if – else Statement

The if … else statement evaluates test expression and will execute the body of if only when the test condition is True.

If the condition is False, the body of else is executed.

Indentation is used to separate the blocks.

Syntax:

if (expression):

statement 1

statement 2

else:

statement 3

statement 4

Indentation and colon are important for else also

The if – elif - else Statement

The elif is short for else if. It allows us to check for multiple expressions.

If the condition for if is False, it checks the condition of the next elif block and so on.

If all the conditions are False, the body of else is executed.

Syntax:

if (expression):

statement 1

statement 2

elif (expression):

statement 3

statement 4

else:

statement 5

statement 6

Although it is not visible in the syntax, but we can have multiple elif blocks with a single if block.

The nested if Statement

We can have an if...elif...else statement inside another if...elif...else statement.

This is called nesting in computer programming.

Any number of these statements can be nested inside one another.

Indentation is the only way to figure out the level of nesting

Syntax:

if (expression):

statement 1

statement 2

else:

statement 3

statement 4

statement 5

statement 6

Assignment

Whether a number is even or odd.

WAP to accept a character from the user and check whether it is a capital letter or a small letter. Assume user will input only alphabets.

WAP to accept a character from the user and check whether it is a capital letter or small letter or a digit or some special symbol

WAP to accept 3 integers from the user and without using any logical operator and cascading of relational operators, find out the greatest number amongst them

WAP to accept a year from the user and check whether it is a leap year or not.

A year is a leap year if:

It is exactly divisible by 4 AND at the same time

not divisible by 100

it is divisible by 400

For example:

2017 is not a leap year

2012 is a leap year

1900 is a not leap year

2000 is a leap year

If you have any doubt regarding this topic then, you can ask your doubt in the comment section, I will respond to you as soon as possible.

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C Programs for Begginer

2020-07-29T11:21:00.010-07:00

Simple C Programs

1. Hello World Program in C

2. WAP program to check whether the given number is positive or negative

3. Reverse an input number using recursion

4. Program to find greatest of three numbers

5. WRITE A C Program to print Fibonacci series in a given range

6. C Program to find factorial of a given number

7. Find Prime numbers in a given range

8. C Program to check if given number is Armstrong or not

9. C Program to check if given number is palindrome or not

10. C program to display palindrome numbers in a given range

11. C Program to check if number is odd or even

12. C Program to find out the ASCII value of a character

13. C Program to find the size of int, float, double and char

14. C Program to check whether an alphabet is vowel or consonant

15. C Program to check leap year

16. C Program to find sum of first n natural numbers

String Programs

1. Program to convert string from upper case to lower case

2. Program to convert string from lower case to upper case

3. Sort a set of strings in ascending alphabetical order

4. Find length of a string without using strlen()

5. String concatenation without using strcat

6. Reverse a String using recursion

Array Programs

1. Program to sort array in ascending order

2. Find largest element of given array

3. C program to find sum of array elements

4. C Program to find number of elements in an array

Sorting programs

1. Bubble sort program in C

2. Insertion sort program in C

3. Selection sort program in C

4. Quicksort program in C

C Pointer programs

1. C program to find the largest of three numbers using Pointers

2. C program to count vowels and consonants in a String using pointer

3. C program to print String using Pointer

4. C program to swap two numbers using pointers

5. C program to create initialize and access a pointer variable

Number system conversion programs

1. Binary to decimal conversion

2. C Program to convert Decimal to Binary

3. C Program to convert Decimal to Octal

4. C Program to convert Octal to Decimal

5. C Program to convert Binary to Octal

6. C Program to convert Octal to Binary

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input ( ) Function in Python | Python Assignment | Digital Community

2020-07-26T09:57:00.002-07:00

input ( ) Function in Python

· WAP to accept two numbers from the user and display their sum.

· Write the previous code in one line only ?

· WAP to accept radius of a Circle from the user and calculate area and circumference.

· Write the previous code by using math module in python.

· WAP to accept roll number , grade and percentage as input from the user and display it back.

· Write a program that asks the user to enter his/her name and age. Print out a message , displaying the user’s name along with the year in which they will turn 100 years old.

Hint: Use the module datetime to get the current year.

· Write a program that asks the user to input 2 integers and adds them. Accept both the numbers in a single line only.

If you have any doubt regarding this topic then, you can ask your doubt in the comment section, I will respond to you as soon as possible.

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Assignment, Compound, Identity, and Membership Operator in Python | Operators in Python | Digital Community

2020-07-21T09:32:00.001-07:00

Types of Operators in Python

Python provides us 7 popular types of operators:

· Arithmetic Operators

· Relational or Comparison Operators

· Logical Operators

· Assignment Operator

· Compound Operator

· Identity Operators

· Membership Operators

Today we, discuss about Assignment Operator, Compound Operator, Identity Operator, Membership Operator :

· Assignment Operators

· Various Types of Assignment Operators

· Compound Operators

· Identity Operators

· Membership Operators

Assignment Operators In Python

The Python Assignment Operators are used to assign the values to the declared variables.

Equals (=) operator is the most commonly used assignment operator in Python.

For example:

a=10

Shortcut for assigning same value to all the variables

x = y = z = 10

Shortcut for assigning different value to all the variables

x,y,z = 10,20,30

Guess the Output :

a,b,c = 10,20

print(a, b, c)

Output:

ValueError : Not enough values to unpack

a,b,c = 10,20,30,40

print(a, b, c)

Output:

ValueError : Too many values to unpack

Compound Assignment Operators

Python allows us to combine arithmetic operators as with assignment operator.

For example: The statement

x = x + 5

Can also be written as

x += 5

Operator	Example	Meaning
+=	x+=5	x=x+5
-=	x-=5	x=x-5
*=	x*=5	x=x*5
/=	x/=5	x=x/5
%=	x%=5	x=x%5
//=	x//=5	x=x//5

Guess the Output :

a=10

print(++a)

Output:

a=10

print(a++)

Output:

SyntaxError : Invalid Syntax

Conclusion:

Python does not has any increment operator like ++. Rather it is solved as +(+x) i.e +(+10) which is 10.

However, the expression a++ is an error as it doesn’t make any sense.

Guess the Output :

a=10

print(--a)

Output:

a=10

print(a--)

Output:

SyntaxError : Invalid Syntax

Conclusion:

Python does not have any decrement operator like --.

Rather it is solved as -(-x) i.e -(-10) which is 10

However, the expression a-- is an error as it doesn’t make any sense.

Guess the Output :

a=10

print(+++++a)

Output:

a=10

print(-----a)

Output:

-10

Try to figure out yourself the reason for these outputs 

Identity Operators

Identity operators in Python are is and is not

They serve 2 purposes:

· To verify if two references point to the same memory location or not

· To determine whether a value is of a certain class or type

Behavior of is and is not

The operator is returns True if the operands are identical, otherwise, it returns False.

The operator is not return True if the operands are not identical, otherwise, it returns False.

Examples of is Operator :

a=2

b=3

c=a is b

print(c)

Output:

False

Explanation:

Since a and b are pointing to 2 different objects, so

the operator is returns False

a=2

b=2

c=a is b

print(c)

Output:

True

Explanation:

Since a and b are pointing to the same objects, so the operator is returns True

a=2

b=type(a) is int

print(b)

Output:

True

Explanation:

type(a) is int evaluates to True because 2 is indeed an integer number.

a=2

b=type(a) is float

print(b)

Output:

False

Explanation:

type(a) is float evaluates to False because 2 is not a float number.

Examples of is not Operator :

a=“Digital”

b=“Digital”

c=a is not b

print(c)

Output:

False

Explanation:

Since a and b are pointing to the same object, so

the operator is not return False.

a=“Digital”

b=“digital”

c=a is not b

print(c)

Output:

True

Explanation:

Since a and b are pointing to 2 different objects, so

the operator is not return True.

Membership Operators

Membership operators are used to testing whether a value or variable is found in a sequence (string, list, tuple, set, and dictionary).

There are 2 Membership operators

not in

The behavior of in and not in

in: The ‘in’ operator is used to check if a value exists in a sequence or not

not in : The ‘not in’ operator is the opposite of ‘in’ operator. So, if a value does not exists in the sequence then it will return a True else it will return a False.

Examples of in Operator

a=“Welcome”

b=“om”

print(b in a)

Output:

True

a=“Welcome”

b=“mom”

print(b in a)

Output:

False

primes=[2,3,5,7,11]

x=4

print(x not in primes)

Output:

True

primes=[2,3,5,7,11]

x=5

print(x not in primes)

Output:

False

And if you have any doubt regarding this topic then, you can ask your doubt in the comment section, I will respond to you as soon as possible.

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Logical Operators | Operators in Python | Digital Community

2020-07-15T02:53:00.003-07:00

Types of Operators in Python

Python provides us 7 popular types of operators:

· Arithmetic Operators

· Relational or Comparison Operators

· Logical Operators

· Assignment Operator

· Compound Operators

· Identity Operators

· Membership Operators

· Today we, discuss Logical Operators:

In this post, we are going to discuss Logical Operator in Python but before these, if You are not seen our video on this topic please see it first, then you will understand the concepts very well.

· Logical Operators

· How Logical Operators Work With Boolean Types?

· How Logical Operators Work With Non-Boolean Types?

Logical operators are used to combining two or more conditions and perform logical operations using Logical and, Logical or and Logical not.

Operator

Meaning

and

Greater Than

Less Than

not

Greater Than Equal To

The Example of Basic Relational Operators :

a = 40

b = 20

c = 50



print(a>b and a>c)

The Output:

           False

Another Example:

a = 40

b = 20

c = 50



print(a>b and c>a)

The Output:

           True

Behavior of Logical Operators With Non Boolean:

Python allows us to apply logical operators with non-Boolean types also

But before we understand how these operators work with non-Boolean types, we must understand some very important points.

1. None, 0 , 0.0 ,”” are all False values.

2. The return value of Logical and & Logical or operators is never True or False when they are applied to non-Boolean types.

3. If the first value is False, then Logical and returns first value, otherwise it returns the second value.

4. If the first value is True, then Logical or returns first value, otherwise it returns the second value.

5. When we use not-operator on non-Boolean types, it returns True if it’s operand is False( in any form) and False if it’s operand is True ( in any form).

Example:

5 and 6

Output:

Example:

5 and 0

Output:

Example:

0 and 10

Output:

Example:

6 and 0

Output:

Example:

10/0 and 0

Output:

ZeroDivisionEror

Example:

not ‘Digital’

Output:

False

And if you have any doubt regarding this topic then, you can ask your doubt in the comment section, I will respond you as soon as possible.

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Relational or Comparison Operators | Operators in Python | Digital Community

2020-07-15T02:15:00.006-07:00

Types of Operators in Python

Python provides us 7 popular types of operators:

· Arithmetic Operators

· Relational or Comparison Operators

· Logical Operators

· Assignment Operator

· Compound Operators

· Identity Operators

· Membership Operators

Today we, discuss Relational or Comparison Operators:

In this post, we are going to discuss Relational or Comparison Operators in Python but before these, if You are not seen our video on this topic please see it first, then you will understand the concepts very well.

• Relational Operators

• Relational Operators with Strings

• Chaining of Relational Operators

• Special Behavior Of == and !=

Relational operators are used to compare values.

They either return True or False according to the condition.

These operators are:

Operator	Meaning
>	Greater Than
<	Less Than
>=	Greater Than Equal To
<=	Less Than Equal To
==	Equal To
!=	Not Equal To

The Example of Basic Relational Operators :

a=10

b=4

print("a=",a,"b=",b)

print("a > b",a>b)

print("a < b",a<b)

print("a==b",a==b)

print("a!=b",a!=b)

print("a>=b",a>=b)

print("a<=b",a<=b)

The Output :

Relational Operators With Strings

Relational Operators can also work with strings .

When applied on string operands , they compare the Unicode of corresponding characters and return True or False based on that comparison.

As discussed, previously , this type of comparison is called lexicographical comparsion.

Example of Relational Operators With Strings :

a="Ramesh"

b="Rajesh"

print("a=",a,"b=",b)

print("a > b",a>b)

print("a < b",a<b)

print("a==b",a==b)

print("a!=b",a!=b)

print("a>=b",a>=b)

print("a<=b",a<=b)

The Output :

If we want to check the UNICODE value for a particular letter , then we can call the function ord().

It is a built in function which accepts only one character as argument and it returns the UNICODE number of the argument passed

Example:

ord(‘A’)

ord(‘m’)

109

ord(‘j’)

106

Example :

a= "India"
b= "india"
print("a=",a,"b=",b)
print("a > b",a>b)
print("a < b",a<b)
print("a==b",a==b)
print("a!=b",a!=b)
print("a>=b",a>=b)
print("a<=b",a<=b)

The Output :

Special Behavior of Relational Operators:

Python allows us to chain multiple relational operators in one single statement.

For example, the expression 1<2<3 is perfectly valid in Python

However, when Python evaluates the expression , it returns True if all individual conditions are true , otherwise it returns False

Example:

print(7>6>5)

Output:

True

Example:

print(5<6>7)

Output:

False

Special Behavior Of == And !=

== compares it’s operands for equality and if they are of compatible types and have same value then it returns True otherwise it returns False

Similarly != compares it’s operands for inequality and if they are of incompatible types or have different value then it returns True otherwise it returns False

Example:

print(10==10)

Output:

True

Example:

print(15==15.01)

Output:

False

Example:

print(0 != False)

Output:

False

And if you have any doubt regarding this topic then , you can ask your doubt in the comment section , I will respond you as soon as possible .

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Arithmetic Operator | Operators in Python | Digital Community

2020-07-14T03:28:00.009-07:00

Types of Operators in Python

Python provides us 7 popular types of operators:

· Arithmetic Operators

· Relational or Comparison Operators

· Logical Operators

· Assignment Operator

· Compound Operators

· Identity Operators

· Membership Operators

In this post, we are going to discuss Operators in Python but before these, if You are not seen our video on this topic please see it first, then you will understand the concepts very well.

First, we, discuss Arithmetic Operator:

• Arithmetic Operators

• Special points about + and *

• Difference between / and //

Operators are special symbols that carry out different kinds of computation on values.

For example 2+3

In the expression 2+3, + is an operator which performs addition of 2 and 3, which are called operands

o In Python, we have 7 arithmetic operators and they are as below:

(Arithmetic Addition)

(Subtraction)

(Arithmetic Multiplication)

(Float Division)

(Modulo Division)

(Floor Division)

(Power or Exponentiation)

o The Example of 5 Basic Arithmetic Operators :


   

  a=10


  b=4


  print("sum of",a,"and",b,"is",a+b)


  print("diff of",a,"and",b,"is",a-b)


  print("prod of",a,"and",b,"is",a*b)


  print("div of",a,"and",b,"is",a/b)


  print("rem of",a,“and",b,"is",a%b)

The Output :

o Two Special Operators // and ** :

The operator // in Python is called as floor division.

This means it returns the integer part and not the decimal part.

For example:

5//2 will be 2 not 2.5

o But there are 3 very important points to understand about this operator

o When used with positive numbers the result is only the integer part of the actual answer i.e. , the decimal part is truncated

o However if one of the operands is negative, the result is floored.

o If both the operands are integers, the result will also, be an integer, otherwise, the result will be float


   

  a=10


  b=4


  print(a//b)


  2



  a=10.0


  b=4


  print(a//b)



  2.0

If both the operands are integers, the result is also an integer. But if any of the operands is float the result is also float.

An Important Point

o There is another very important point to remember about the 3 operators /, // and %

o The point is that if the denominator in these operators is 0 or 0.0, then Python will throw the exception called ZeroDivisionError

a=10

b=0

print(a/b)

Output:

ZeroDivisionError



  a=10


  b=0.0


  print(a/b)


   

  Output:


  ZeroDivisionError

The power (**)Operator

The power operator i.e. ** performs exponential (power) calculation on operands.

For example:

a=10

b=3

print(a**b)

Output:

1000

Double Role Of The Operator +

o The operator + as discussed earlier also ,has 2 roles in Python

o When used with numbers , it performs addition and when used with strings it performs concatenation

For example:

a=10

b=5

print(a+b)

Output:

a=“Good”

b=“Evening”

print(a+b)

Output:

GoodEvening


  a=“Good”


  b=10


  print(a+b)


   


  Output:


  TypeError

Double Role of The Operator *

o The operator * also has 2 roles in Python

o When used with numbers, it performs multiplication and when used with one operand string and another operand int it performs repetition


  For example:


  a=10


  b=5


  print(a*b)


  50



  a="Digital"


  b=3


  print(a*b)


  DigitalDigitalDigital




  a=“Digital”


  b=“Community”


  print(a*b)


  Output:

  Type Error : Can’t multiply by non int

And if you have any doubt regarding this topic then , you can ask your doubt in the comment section , I will respond you as soon as possible .

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Memory Management in Python | Python Notes | Digital Community

2020-06-25T00:05:00.003-07:00

What About Single Reference And Multiple Objects?

Before reading these notes first you have to see Lecture-14 video. So that you can easily understand what is written below.

So from 2 lectures, We are regularly discussing that if we have a single reference and what if we create multiple objects.

So let’s discuss it with an example

a=10

a=20

a=30

So when the above 3 lines will run then Python creates 3 objects one by one and the variable a starts pointing 30

So let’s understand with a diagram

This arises a question that what will happen with the other objects whose values are 20 and 30

So before understanding what will happen to the other objects we have to understand 3 important terminologies.

1. 1. Reference Counting

2. 2. Garbage Block

3. 3. The Garbage Collector

Let’s understand all the terminologies one by one.

First, we’ll talk about Reference Counting.

So let’s understand it with an example.

a=10

b=10

Let’s understand with a diagram that by writing these lines what happens in the memory.

So here we can see that a and b both the references were pointing the same object this means the reference count of the object will be 2.

REFERENCE COUNT – Reference count is a number which tells the interpreter that the object was pointed by how many references.

Then we will write b=20

Let’s see the effect

So the address of the object who is pointing 20 is stored in both the references a and b and the object who is pointing 10 whose reference count now becomes 0.

So, The object block whose reference count is zero and no one is referring to the object this object block is known as the Garbage block.

As we see in the diagram that no one is referring to the objects which is pointing to 10 this object is now a garbage block.

Until then we saw that what is reference counting and to whom do we call garbage block.

Now what after this, we already understood what is the reference counting and garbage block. So what after this?

So Now comes Garbage Collector

The Garbage collector always keeps a round of memory as every morning the vehicle of Municipal Corporation has come in your house and collect the garbage from your house, Same work is with your garbage collector this always keeps a round of memory and if it sees any object which is not referenced by any reference then it collects that object and clears the memory. And this is called a Garbage collector in Python.

So as we see in our example that the object whose value is 10 is now not referencing by any reference. So this object is now removed by Garbage collector and our memory is free now.

So this is the way in Python for memory management.

Now we will talk about their advantages and disadvantages.

So the main advantage of this approach is that the unused memory is clear now and we programmers are able to re-use the memory.

But the disadvantage of this approach is that our garbage collector will have to check regularly that any object’s reference count is zero or not. And this is one of the reasons why Python is slower than other languages.

But again this process happens very faster and it doesn’t matter to us but yes if we compare with other languages it is slow a little bit.

I hope that you must have understood this how Python manages memory and in what way.

Even after that if you have any doubt then you will ask your questions on the comment section and I will try to reply you as soon as possible.

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2020-06-23T10:59:00.016-07:00

1. What is the maximum possible length of an identifier in Python?

31 characters
63 characters
79 characters
none of the mentioned

2. Following set of commands are executed in shell, what will be the output?

         >>>str="hello"
         >>>str[:2]

hel
he
Lo
olleh

3. What is the maximum possible length of an identifier in Python?

1. 31 characters
2. 63 characters
3. 79 characters
4. none of the mentioned

4. What is the return type of function id ?

1. int
2. float
3. bool
4. dict

5. Which of the following results in a SyntaxError ?

1. ' ''Once upon a time…'', she said. '
2. ''He said, 'Yes!' ''
3. '3\'
4. '' That's okay ''

6. Which of the following is not a complex number?

1. k = 2 + 3j
2. k = complex(2)
3. k = 2 + 3I
4. k = 2 + 3J

7. Which of the following is incorrect?

1. k = 0b101
2. k= 0x4f5
3. k = 19023
4. k = 0o3964

8. What is the output of the code: print(bool('False'))

1. False
2. True
3. SyntaxError
4. k = 0

9. Out of List and Tuple which is mutable ?

1. List
2. Tuple
3. Both
4. None

10. Are string references mutable ?

1. Yes
2. No

11. Are string objects mutable ?

1. Yes
2. No

12. Is there a do – while loop in Python ?

1. Yes
2. No

13. In Python which is the correct method to load a module ?

1. include math
2. import math
3. #include

4. using math

14. What is the name of data type for character in Python ?

1. chr
2. char
3. str

4. None Of The Above

Immutable And Mutable Datatypes in Python | Python Notes | Digital Community

2020-06-21T01:29:00.012-07:00

Variables in Python

In this post, we are going to discuss variables and Memory Management in Python but before these, if You are not seen our video on this topic please see it first, then you will understand the concepts very well.

In this post we are going to see :

1. How Variables In Python Are Different Than Other Languages?

2. Immutable And Mutable

3. The id( ) Function and The is Operator

So let’s start.

1. How Variables In Python Are Different Than Other Languages?

Suppose we have written :

a = 98

by writing the above statement Python has created two things :

1. It created an object in Heap Memory and stored 98 in it and after that,

2. He created a reference of name ‘ a ‘ which is pointing to this object whose value is 98.

So Let’s talk first about Heap Memory :

Heap Memory is that part of the Memory which is created Dynamically allocated when objects are being created.

So, when we run a program and during run-time when objects are created, and where these objects are stored, we call the memory as Heap memory.

And these objects remain in the heap memory as long as:-

i. we remove them or

ii. Until our program terminates.

We can Understand it by diagram :

A reference is a name that refers to the unique location in memory of a value (object).

After that, we have created one more reference of name ‘ b ‘, and we have assigned the address of previously created object by writing :

b=98

By doing that, now the references ‘ a ‘ and ‘ b ‘, start pointing to the same object created by us earlier.

Let’s understand it well by the following diagram :

And it becomes more clear in the notes of the id() (function) or is (keyword) which is mentioned below.

Python Memory Management

2. Immutable And Mutable :

Now, if we assign a new value to our ‘ a ‘ reference, then it will not overwrite the value of its object, rather it will create a new object with the new value provide that is 93 in our case.

So let's understand this from the diagram as well :

And, this behavior is called Immutability in Python.

So in Python, when we cannot change the value inside an object, then we call it Immutable. And if we are able to change the inside value of an object then we call it Mutable.

So, objects of the following data types are categorized as Immutable :

· int

· float

· bool

· str

· tuple

· complex

· range

· frozenset

· bytes

On the other hand objects of the following datatypes are considered as Mutable in nature :

· list

· dict

· set

· bytearray

After knowing the concepts of Immutability, generally, two question arises on a programmer’s mind :

1. What is the benefit of making objects immutable?

2. If we have a single reference and we create multiple objects, then wouldn’t there be memory wastage?

So firstly, we will talk about the Benefits of Immutability.

The main Benefit of Immutability is that, it prevents the unnecessary creation of new objects.

• This is because if we write, the following 2 statements:

a=98

b=98

• Then Python will not create 2 objects. Rather it only creates 1 object and makes both the references a and b, refer to the same object.

• This saves memory and overhead of creating multiple objects

The answer of the Second question you will found on the link given below :

3. The id( ) Function and The is operator

So, we have just told that python will do the above things when we create an object in Python. But where is the Proof?

So, to prove it that Python will do the same thing as we have illustrated in our diagram, Python has provided us two ways :

The first one is we can either use the Built-in function provided by Python that is the id() or we can use the is (keyword/operator) provided by python so firstly let’s see the id() function :

The id() function in Python will give the address of that object whose reference is provided to it as an argument.

Let’s see an Example

Suppose we have write :

a=98

b=98

id(a)

id(b)

Then, Python will give the following results :

  >>> a=98
  >>> b=98
  >>> id(a)
  4548032192
  >>> id(b)
  4548032192

If we observe it then we will find that the address of both the references is the same, so we can say that Python has created a single object and assign its address to both the references that are ‘ a ’ and ‘ b ‘.

Another way to find out whether 2 references are pointing to the same object or not is to use the is operator.

The is operator is a binary operator and checks whether both the operands refer to the same object or not.

Suppose we write :

a=98

b=98

print(a is b)

Then, Python will give the following results :

  >>> a=98
  >>> b=98
  >>> a is b
  True
  >>> c='Digital'
  >>> d='Digital'
  >>> c is d
  True

Hence, we can say that our above explanation is correct.

But there is an Important Twist in Python :

Suppose we write :

a=-6

b=-6

a is b

Then, Python will show the following output :

  >>> a=-6
  >>> b=-6
  >>> a is b
  False

But, if we write :

a=-1

b=-1

a is b

Then, Python will show the following output :

  >>> a=-1
  >>> b=-1
  >>> a is b
  True

So, it happens because in research it is found that 90% of the time the number used by a programmer lies in the range of ( -5 to 254 ).

That’s why Python does not create new objects for numbers within this range each time.

Let’s see an Example :


  >>> a=257
  >>> b=257
  >>> a is b
  False
  >>> a=256
  >>> b=256
  >>> a is b
  True

But if we use any number outside this range, then Python will create a new object for all of them.

Let’s Understand it by an example :

Suppose we write:

a=1.0

b=1.0

a is b

After that we wrote :

a=3+4j

b=3+4j

a is b

Then, Python will give the following Output :


  >>> a=1.0
  >>> b=1.0
  >>> a is b
  False
  >>> a=3+4j
  >>> b=3+4j
  >>> a is b
  False

This happened because even though the float and the complexes come in the Immutable datatypes. But they do not follow the caching and concept of reusability.

Means whenever we write any new statement related to these datatypes then, Python will automatically create new objects instead of changing the value of the previous object.

So, I hope you will understand that how variables/references work in Python and Immutability and Mutability behavior of Datatypes in Python.

And still, you have any doubts about the above mention topics then you will ask your doubt in the comment section. I will try to sort it out as soon as possible.

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Speed Up Your MacBook Air or Pro | Digital Community

2020-06-15T10:46:00.013-07:00

4 ways to speed up your MacBook Air or Pro | Digital Community

1. Free up storage on your Mac :

Sometimes, your MacBook needs data clean-up. The more crowded its SSD, the slower it will run. You can see how much free space is left on your MacBook's drive, by clicking the Apple logo at the top left, select About this Mac, and then click the Storage tab. If you are reaching towards maximum capacity, then click the Manage button to free up some space. Then, you will see 4 recommendations for freeing up drive space.

The first thing lets you use iCloud to offload files and text messages. You can transfer all files stored on your desktop and documents folder from your MacBook drive to iCloud. And you can store full-resolution photos in iCloud and place Apple "optimized" versions on your MacBook that take up very little space.

If you click a lot of photos with your iPhone, then using the iCloud Photo Library is probably the biggest space saver for your Mac. Remember that you will run up against the free 5GB allocation on iCloud and then start paying for space on Apple's cloud. Upgrading to 50GB will cost you $ 0.99 per month, and also there are two larger plans that will offer $ 2.99 per month for 200GB or $ 9.99 a month for 2TB. This is cheaper than buying a new Mac.

The second option lets you customize the storage for the TV app after watching downloaded movies and shows. The third option is to take out the trash, which has been left in the trash for more than 30 days. The last option, Reduce Clutter, lets you review large files, downloads, and unsupported apps, and manually delete those which you no needed longer.

2. Find out which Apps are Taking More Resources :

If your Mac acts like it needs a nap every afternoon when you're at the height of multitasking, it's an easy way to see which of your open applications are using the most system resources. Open Activity Monitor by searching from the spotlight (keyboard shortcut: hold down the command button while pressing the spacebar).

The numbers you see are constantly decreasing or increasing, but they show you the amount of CPU and memory resources each app uses. Have a look at both the CPU and the memory tabs to see which apps are using the most resources. Perhaps you will start using Safari instead of Chrome, for example, if you see Chrome eating more than its fair share of system resources then you can use safari because its memory management is quite better than chrome.

3. Reduce Startup Items or Login items :

If your MacBook is slow to boot, then the problem may be that there are too many applications that are open on startup. And it is possible that you never set them to launch at startup - but they launch by default.

Go to System Preferences > Users & Groups and then click on the Login Items tab here you can see a list of the apps that open when you boot your Macbook. Uncheck the apps that you don't want to open at startup. This will help you to reduce load over your Macbook.

4. Keep Updated with MacOS Latest Version :

Apple releases new versions of macOS for free, so update to the new version. Newer versions of macOS include performance enhancements and security improvements to keep your Mac running smoothly, safely, and quickly. To install the update automatically, go to System Preferences > Software Update and check the box for Automatically keep my Mac up to date.

Using the Advanced button, you can choose whether to automatically download updates or install them as well. There is also an option to automatically update apps from the App Store.

Please Let me know us that these methods work on your MacBook or not and if you want to more optimize your MacBook then tell us we will post some more methods to optimize and if you know something more about it then please drop your thoughts in the comment section. We will post your ideas with your credentials.

Thanks for reading this article and if this article helps you a little bit then please drop a comment in the comment section.

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Dark Web | Digital Community

2020-06-15T08:49:00.003-07:00

Dark Web | Digital Community

We know that our world is very large and many types of people live in this world. But all people in the world are not the same, most of them are good but some of them are bad and doing illegal activities. Before the internet was introduced their connections are become local and their rich is also very less or we can say that they have only local networks.

But, after the introduction of the Internet, the reach of the criminals has been increased and with the help of the Internet their reach become Globally and now they are more dangerous than ever.

No doubt Internet is very useful for us and without the Internet, we can't even think about the Digital World and with the help of the Internet many peoples make their life on an online world many people increase their Business, our daily life becomes easier day by day as the technology introduced, this is the brighter side of the Internet but apart from that the Internet has also a dark phase and it is known as Dark web.

Dark Web is introduced by America and firstly it used by the Navy and Army of his country and at that time Dark Web is not commercial and common people can't use them. But after some time it becomes Global and with the increase in the number of users, a company released a special browser for it and make it available for all.

Followings are some important key points about the Dark Web let see one by one :

1. What is the dangerous world of the dark web?

The Dark web is that part of the Internet that is used by criminals for illegal activities, selling drugs, and hacking. The son of the owner of a big sweet shop in Mumbai has been arrested for selling drugs on the Dark web. Police said that the accused and a friend of his were selling drugs to college students. Let us tell you what the Dark Web is and why it is different from the normal Internet world. It is important to avoid this dangerous part while using the Internet.

2. This part of the Internet is hidden

The Dark web is actually a large part of the Internet, where normal users do not have access. This part can be considered as the underworld of the Internet because there are dangerous weapons, credit, and debit card related details, email addresses, contact details, fake currency, and drugs. Only a few percent of the Internet is accessible by normal users.

3. A lot of crimson and sellers' web

Most hackers, criminals, and many people sitting in the country and abroad are present on the dark web, who know how to use it. The identity of people selling drugs or such illegal things on the dark web is hidden. After payment on this, the buyer is sent delivery by courier, or the final product is delivered through agents.

4. Special browser is needed

The dark web cannot be accessed on a normal browser. For this, a special browser is required, which keeps the user's identity hidden. Browsers such as Tor or Onion are used for this, which do not record data.

5. America created the dark web

The Dark web has become a weapon of users who want to stay active by hiding from the world of the general internet. It was first created for espionage by the US Army, so that government spies could share or exchange data without identifying them. It was designed to spy on other countries.

6. Hacking and open source software

Much open-source software is also available on the Dark Web. Such software can be used for hacking, generating fake phone numbers over VOIP. On the dark web, it is very difficult to identify the identity of sellers of dangerous products.

7. Payment is in bitcoin

Most hackers and criminals exist on the dark web. In such a situation, sharing any payment detail can also prove to be a big mistake. In this case, the payment is only in digital currency and bitcoin.

8. Big mistake on going to the dark web

Hackers on the dark web are always looking for new users who do not know how to use it. In such a situation, new users should not make the mistake of going to the dark web, or else data can be stolen from identity. Many hackers even clear bank accounts.

If you have more queries or have any doubt on this topic please drop a comment we will answer it as soon as possible.

Thanks for reading this article.

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Type Conversions | Python Assignment

2020-06-14T11:24:00.003-07:00

Type Conversion | Python Assignment

Assignment helps in increasing the student’s knowledge, his research skills, and his analysis power. It helps in judging one’s performance with others. There are some students who mug up the course work and at the time of the exam they just write down what they have mugged up.

It means you are provided with a topic or a case study with some information about it, you need to incorporate the information and explain the topic or solve the case study. Simply copy-pasting from outside sources are of no help until and unless you have understood what you are being asked to write.

From the beginning of the learning process, students are given certain assignments and homework, to develop their critical and analytical skills. In the initial stages, i.e. if we talk about the elementary schooling part, the complexity level of such assignments remains low, but as a student enters some college or university, the assignments turn into a more complicated and sophistical thing. Though, many of us might still question why we are given assignments, and what is the main purpose behind it? Well, there are many intentions behind giving assignments and homework to students.

With the help of assignments, students get to learn new techniques and specific writing tips that assist them in their academics. Continuous practice is required if you want to excel in this field. Practice leads to an improvement in one’s skills or grabbing a grip on some subject. Thus, assignment writing and homework is a means of this exercise. When students write assignments or do their homework, they come across new problems and equations and discover its relevant solutions on their own, which is why they are given this task to complete at home. The practice also benefits the students by getting them ready for certain unpredicted situations.

Assignment 2: Level: Easy

1. What is the O/P of the following codes:

int(2.3) :

int(False) :

int(True) :

int(3+4j) :

2. The following code will give an Error. Change this code according to you that this code will give you the output=16.

a=10

b="6"

c=a+b

print(c)

3. Predict the O/P of the following codes:

float(25) :

float(False) :

float(True) :

float(3+4j) :

float("0B1010") :

4. Predict the O/P of the following codes:

complex(25) :

complex(2.5) :

complex(True) :

complex(False) :

complex(0B1010) :

5. Predict the O/P of the following codes:

bool(1) :

bool(5) :

bool(0) :

bool(0.0) :

bool(0.1) :

bool(0B101) :

bool(0B0000) :

bool(2+3j) :

bool('A') :

6. Predict the O/P of the following codes:

str(15) :

str(2.5) :

str(True) :

str(False) :

str(2+3j) :

str(OB101) :

7. WAP to concatenate a string and a complex value number.

8. By using type conversion add a boolean to an integer.

9. WAP to add a complex number to a float number by using type conversion.

10. What does this code do?

a="A"

b=24

c=a+b

print(c)

If this code Error exception then modify this code that this code will concatenate the integer value as a string.

If You have any doubts about the above mention any question then please ask it in the comment section we will try to help you and solve it as soon as possible.

We hope these questions was helpful in making your concepts more clear. So make sure to share this post to help others and if these assignments really helped you a bit then also leave a comment below sharing your thoughts.

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How To Add Contact Us Page in Blogger | Digital Community

2020-06-14T10:26:00.001-07:00

How To Add Contact Us Page in Blogger | Digital Community

A contact page is generally a reader of your blog or an advertiser, sponsor, or someone through which someone will reach you.

To learn the basics of blogging and to understand how it works, Blogspot(Blogger) is a good choice.

Users of BlogSpot can use a contact form in their widgets, but you can not add them to the pages. This was a problem for beginners.

You cannot be able to join AdSense, quality ad networks, and affiliate marketplaces,if you don't have about, contact, and a privacy policy page.

So be very attentive and make sure that these pages are available as soon as you start your blog.

So, In this tutorial, we're going to help you to create a contact us page and add a contact form in your Blogspot blog. I'll show you an easy way to do this.

By using a third-party tool.

1. By 123FormBuilder

123FormBuilder (previously 123 ContactFormBuilder) is a cloud tool to build any different types of online forms, manage workflows, and collect their data very quickly.

It works in any CMS platform, including BlogSpot and WordPress.

Step 1 - Create a Free Account by going to 123FormBuilder.

Step 2 - Login and Click on the Dashboard.

And then click on the New Form button to create a New Form.

On the second page, click on the Newsletter Subscription Form. A Contact Form Will Appear On The Second Page Which Is Ready To Be Used.

You can add any extra fields you may want by clicking the fields button.

Click on save and publish button.

Step - 3: Click on Embedded Button

Step 4 - Copy the javascript code from the screen. (Press CTRL + C) or click on the Copy code button.

Step 5 - Go to your Blogger dashboard and click on add new page. Name this page as "Contact Us. "

Step 6 - Click on the HTML format editor button and paste the code here and click to publish.

Your contact form is now live on your blog. Take a look at it.

So Congratulations - Now your Contact Us page is now live. Go and have a look at your contact form and test it for the very first time.

We hope this tutorial of making Contact Us was helpful to you. So make sure to share this post to help others and if this post really helped you a bit then also leave a comment below sharing your thoughts.

Strings Part - 1 | Python Assignments

2020-06-08T10:39:00.080-07:00

Strings In Python

Assignment helps in increasing the student’s knowledge, his research skills, and his analysis power. It helps in judging one’s performance with others. Some students mug up the course work and at the time of the exam they just write down what they have mugged up.

Assignment 1: Level: Easy

1. WAP to calculate the length of a string.

2. Write a Python program to remove a newline in Python.

3. Write a Python program to reverse a string.

4. Write a Python program to remove spaces from a given string.

5. Write a Python program to display a number with a comma separator.

6. Write a Python program to print four values decimal, octal, hexadecimal (capitalized), binary in a single line of a given integer.

7. Write a Python script that displays the string in upper and lower cases.

8. Write a Python program to print the index of the character in a string.

Sample string: Digital

Expected output:

character D position at 0

character i position at 1

character g position at 2

------------------------------

character l position at 6

9. By making use of string slicing print the output as:

[D i l o u t]

Take a= 'Digital Community'

10. By making use of string slicing print the output as:

[y i u m C l t g D]

Take a= 'Digital Community'

11. WAP to concatenate two strings.

12. By making use of string slicing print the output as:

[Y u N m]

Take a='Your Name'

13. WAP to print the output : [ gita ]

Take a='Digital Community'

If You have any doubts about the above mention any question then please ask it in the comment section we will try to help you and solve it as soon as possible.

We Make IT Happen.

Deep Web Torrentz 2 | Digital Community

2020-05-08T06:25:00.003-07:00

Torrentz 2 | Digital Community

Fast and powerful meta-search engine combining results from dozens of search engines deep web or dark web. Another search engine other than the deep web, dark web, or darknet. In this case, look for torrent files, in video, music, text, and image formats.

Link: http://torrentzwealmisr.onion (Copy and paste in the address bar)

Status: online

Some sites on the deep web or the dark web do not enter temporarily, but this does not mean that they are unsubscribed. If you could not enter, try again another day.

Security Measures :

Visiting the dark web is not without risks, which is why we recommend you to take the following measures to protect you and your device.

First of all, you need good anti-malware software. To prevent your device from becoming infected with viruses or spyware you need to install good anti-malware. This type of software is essential, even when you’re only browsing the surface web.

Secondly, you need to find a good VPN. A VPN (Virtual Private Network) is software that encrypts all of your internet traffic and hides your real IP address. Just to be safe, it’s best to use a VPN so nobody will be able to see that you’re visiting the dark web. Moreover, hackers on the dark web won’t be able to trace your actions back to your personal IP address. Some good VPN providers are, ExpressVPN, NordVPN and etc.

Deep Web Directories | Digital Community

2020-05-06T23:42:00.006-07:00

Link directories- VisiTOR

Remember to navigate with prudence within this directory. It is a directory of deep web and darknet very complete and has a high trajectory.

Link: http://visitorfi5kl7q7i.onion/links (Copy and paste in the address bar)

Status: online

Some sites on the deep web or the dark web do not enter temporarily, but this does not mean that they are unsubscribed. If you could not enter, try again another day.

Security Measures :

Visiting the dark web is not without risks, which is why we recommend you to take the following measures to protect you and your device.

Google onion search engine | Digital Community

2020-05-06T09:12:00.007-07:00

Google Onion Search Engine | Digital Community

The google onion search engine for the deep web or dark web. Millions of indexed onion pages.

It is a very good copy of Google, the bad thing is that it is difficult to search for keywords, but I like it because it is fast and the search engine is never down. Search within the .onion and .clos domains, the deep web and darknet.

Link: http://ggonionvhfq7brmj.onion (Copy and paste in the address bar)

Status: online

Some sites on the deep web or the dark web do not enter temporarily, but this does not mean that they are unsubscribed. If you could not enter, try again another day.

Security Measures :

Visiting the dark web is not without risks, which is why we recommend you to take the following measures to protect you and your device.

Unlimited Free Cloud Storage on Deep Web | Digital Community

2020-05-06T01:51:00.015-07:00

Black Cloud | Digital Community

A Tor Hidden Service where you can upload and share your files. You can upload any type of file. Even you can upload HTML and JPEG files to build up a website on the deep web.

The uploaded files are encrypted and stored, so we can not check for their content. You can upload anything in the deep web, any type of file.

But you should not misuse this service.

This is another free deep web or dark web service.

Link to Black Cloud: http://bcloud2suoza3ybr.onion (Click Here)

Status: Online

Some sites on the deep web or the dark web do not enter temporarily, but this does not mean that they are unsubscribed. If you could not enter, try again another day.

Security Measures :

Visiting the dark web is not without risks, which is why we recommend you to take the following measures to protect you and your device.

The Best VPN Providers of 2020 | Digital Community

2020-05-06T01:13:00.003-07:00

1. ExpressVPN

Best Premium VPN. Very fast, trustworthy and safe. Easy to use and 24/7 customer support.

Super-fast and simple VPN
Perfect for anonymous browsing, downloading, and streaming (i.e. Netflix)
3000+ servers in 94 countries

Link to Express VPN

2. CyberGhost

Good VPN, fast servers, very user-friendly. Perfect for beginners.

Very user-friendly
High quality for a low price
Torrents and Netflix possible

Link to Cyber Ghost VPN

3. NordVPN

Very safe and fast VPN.Netflix and torrents work.

Excellent protection and a large network of servers
Nice and pleasing application
No logs

Link to Nord VPN

4. SurfShark

User-friendly, cheap VPN with many extra options.

Very user-friendly and works with Netflix and torrents
30 days money-back guarantee. No questions asked!
Cheap with many extra options

Link to SufrShark

5. PIA

Strong focus on privacy and security. Fast servers, stable connections, and a good price!

Strong focus on privacy and security
Good price
Fast and stable servers

Link to PIA

Digital Community

Ansible

1. AWS ( Amazon Web Services )

2. Docker

Docker is an open platform for developing, shipping, and running applications. Docker enables you to separate your applications from your infrastructure so you can deliver software quickly. With Docker, you can manage your infrastructure in the same ways you manage your applications.

3. yum Configuration

What is yum?

4. Basic Linux Command

5. Hadoop

INTEGRATED FUNCTIONS

Options Integrated with AWS ( Amazon Web Services )

Options Integrated with Docker

Options Integrated with Yum Configuration

Options Integrated with Basic Linux Command

Options Integrated with Hadoop

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/creating-menu-based-program-python-integrating-different-adarsh-kumar

Create an EBS Volume and Connect it to a EC2 Instance in AWS Using CLI | ARTH 2020

Task - 3

🔅Create a key pair 🔅 Create a security group 🔅 Launch an instance using the above created key pair and security group.🔅 Create an EBS volume of 1 GB.🔅 The final step is to attach the above created EBS volume to the instance you created in the previous steps.

Step - 19 : To launch the selected instance Using CLI, run the following Command.

(OPTIONAL )Step - 20 : Go to your AWS console you will a new instance is running with the same instance id which you have copied. this verifies that you are successfully launched a instance successfully.

Step - 20 : Now to create a EBS Volume type the Following Command.

Step - 21 : Copy the Volume-Id.

Step - 20 : Connect the Newly Created Volume to your instance .

Command : aws ec2 attach-volume --volume-id vol-05767a04700f1b9f4 --instance-id i-0449347ef5f79c22b --device /dev/sdf

Case Studies of Companies Got Benefited from AI / ML | ARTH 2020

Task - 5

Case Studies of Companies Got Benefited from AI / ML

1. Alibaba

2. Alphabet – Google

4. Apple

5. Baidu

6. Facebook

7. IBM

8. JD.com

9. Microsoft

10. Tencent

How they Got Benefited from AI / ML :

1. Chatbots:

2. Artificial Intelligence in eCommerce:

3. AI to Improve Workplace Communication:

4. Human Resource Management:

5. AI in Healthcare:

6. Intelligent Cybersecurity:

7. Artificial Intelligence in Logistics and Supply Chain:

8. Sports betting Industry:

9. Streamlined Manufacturing with AI:

10. Casino/Hotels/Integrated Resorts:

11. Retail:

Case Studies of Companies Got Benefited from AWS | ARTH 2020

ARTH - 2020

Task - 2

Case Studies of Companies Got Benefited from AWS

1. Unilever Case Study

The Challenge

The Benefits

2. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Case Study

The Challenge

Why Amazon Web Services

The Benefits

3. IMDb Case Study

Why Amazon Web Services

The Benefits

4. Autodesk Uses AWS to Develop User Communities, Increase Community Participation, and Get Answers to Community Members Faster

Developing Creative AWS-Backed Solutions to Serve Customers

5. MPL Gaming Platform Goes from Zero to 40 Million Users on AWS

Small Team for Big Jobs

Dedicated Support

Performance at Scale

Keeping Customers Happy

6. Docker Case Study

7. Adobe Systems Case Study

8. Pinterest Uses AWS to Help 200 Million Users Discover New Ideas

9. Animoto Case Study

10. Samsung Migrates 1.1 Billion Users across Three Continents from Oracle to Amazon Aurora with AWS Database Migration Service

Samsung reduced monthly database costs by 44%.

if else Statement in Python | Python Notes & Assignment | Digital Community

C Programs for Begginer

input ( ) Function in Python | Python Assignment | Digital Community

Assignment, Compound, Identity, and Membership Operator in Python | Operators in Python | Digital Community

`1. AWS ( Amazon Web Services )`

`2. Docker`

`3. yum Configuration`

What is `yum`?

`4. Basic Linux Command`

`5. Hadoop`

`Options Integrated with AWS ( Amazon Web Services )`

`Options Integrated with Docker`

`Options Integrated with Yum Configuration`

`Options Integrated with Basic Linux Command`

`Options Integrated with Hadoop`

🔅Create a key pair
🔅 Create a security group
🔅 Launch an instance using the above created key pair and security group.
🔅 Create an EBS volume of 1 GB.
🔅 The final step is to attach the above created EBS volume to the instance you created in the previous steps.