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Job specification - meaning, contents, objectives, advantages.

2020-06-13T15:39:00.002+05:30

Hello friends today's topic is Job specification.

Introduction:-

A job specification is a written statement of minimum level of education, qualification, skill, knowledge, and other abilities required like work- experience, physical fitness required to perform a particular job effectively.

The job specification or we can also as job qualification, as specific or similar, a brief properly characterize is thus a specialised job description, emphasising personal characterize and chiefly designed to promote recruitment, selection and placement

Meaning of Job Specification:

Job specification is concerned with the prescription of the qualities and qualifications for the individuals who are going to perform the tasks. In different words, process specification is the technique of figuring out the necessities sought in an individual for a given process. It is based on activity analysis and job description. Job specification is helpful to pick the right guy for the right task.

Contents:

1 Job name and designation

2 skill & knowledge

3 physical fitness

4 mental attributes

5 personal appearance

6 social specification

7 behaviour specification

8 Responsibilities

Purposes or Objectives of Job Specification:

The important purposes of job specification are:

(i) To help the human resource department to find the right candidate for the defined job profile.

(ii) To help the candidate to decide his suitability for the stated job profile.

(iii) To ensure the selection of the right candidate.

(IV) To give a brief description to candidates to help them to determine whether their experiences and qualifications suit the job position.

Advantages of job specification:

Job or activity specification highlights all precise details required to perform an activity at its best.
It allows in screening of resumes and saves time whilst there are a couple of applications by choosing folks that are closer to the task specification.
HR managers can use this job specification to evaluate personnel and deliver them required training.
It helps the company during performance appraisal and promotion and also transfer.

It also helps organisations in selecting the most appropriate candidate to fulfill future needs in the organisation.

Job description - meaning, contents, objectives of job description.

2020-06-11T19:24:00.005+05:30

Hello friends today's topic is Job description.

Job description:-

Introduction

capability or eligibility and Skills Include an inventory of hard and soft skills. You can also also include soft skills, like communication and hassle solving, as nicely as character traits which you envision for a successful hire. Keep your listing concise.

Crafting a powerful work statement is crucial to helping you attract the most qualified candidates for the work.

Job descriptions are commonly required for most organisations for managing people in the organisations.

Job descriptions are very much mandatory for attainment in order that you and candidates can properly see the business role.

Job descriptions are very much essential for most of the people at business. The job description determines the person's character and responsibility.

Job or we can also say Business descriptions are important. Job

descriptions are needed for recruitment so the organization and the applicants will see this character. The job description determines the person's character and responsibility. Without the job statement it is not possible for a person to properly act to, or be held responsible for, the character without the job statement or document it is usually very difficult for a person to properly act to, to handle the job assigned to him or be held responsible for, the character.

It is a statement of nature and contents of a specific job it includes duties and responsibility to be performed in a job, nature, task, working condition, tools and equipment involved in a particular job.

As it indicates, this document is basically detailed in nature and constitutes a record of existent and virtual job facts"

Meaning of Job Description:

Job description is a recorded or drafted statement or document of the nature and contents of a particular job. It includes the duties and responsibilities of specific job, Job description gives the following particulars about each job.

(a) Name of the job

(b) Designation

(d) Duties and responsibilities

(e) Working conditions

(f) Accountability

Contents of job analysis:-

1. Job identification

2. job summary

3. duties and responsibility

4. Relation of other job

5. Machine

6. supervision

7. working condition

8. hazards

9. pay and allowance.

Purposes or Objectives of Job Description

The objectives of job description are:

1. To enhance the cooperation among all employees, as everyone knows their roles and responsibilities

2. To clarify the possible career progress of the employees within the organisation.

3. To establish the pay scales as per the nature of the job

4. To have documents containing the job details for reference in future.

Job evaluation - Meaning, objectives, Advantages, Limitations.

2020-06-11T10:50:00.001+05:30

Hello friends today's topic is Job evaluation.

JOB EVALUATION:-

Introduction: The jobs designed on the job design process are required to bee evaluated in the job evaluation process.

Definition and Meaning of Job Evaluation:

Dale Yoder has defined job evaluation as "a practice which seeks to provide a degree of

objectivity in measuring the comparative price of jobs within an organisation and among

comparable organisations".

According to Arthur A Sloan, "Job assessment is any formalized system that attempts to determine the relative well worth of different jobs in the enterprise in order that jobs of more value can be rewarded by more pay".

From the above definitions I think that it is clear that job

evaluation is the assessment of the relations worth of different jobs in an organization to determine relative correct pay.

Purposes of Job Evaluations:

The main purpose of job evaluation are:

(1). To ensure that every employee gets pay commensurate with his positive skill and expertise.

(2).To recognise equals in the matter of pay fixation.

Advantages

The advantages of job evaluation are:

(1) It is helpful to determine the correct pay for the different jobs in an organisation.

(2) It insures that there is no exploitation of employees by the management

(3) It ensures that an employee gets remuneration commensurable with the work done by him.

(4) It helps to avoid discrimination in payment of remuneration on the basis of sex, caste, religion, etc.

Limitations of Job Evaluation:

The main limitations of job evaluation are:

(1) Job evaluation, no doubt, helps to determine pay for a job based on the work content. But it ignores the potential of the employees.

(2) It does not consider the impact of technology, industry standards, government policies, values and aspirations of employees on their job evaluation.

(3) It suits only large organisations.

(4) It takes too much time.

Job design - Introduction, meaning, objectives, guidelines.

2020-06-10T21:25:00.000+05:30

Hello friends today's topic is Job Design.

Job Design :-

JOB DESIGN

Introduction:

Creation of job design is the succeeding step to job analysis. While process analysis provides records approximately the abilities and competence required to carry out a task efficiently, job layout strives at organising tasks, obligations and responsibilities associated with a job to acquire organisational as well as character objectives. Job design has a massive effect on productivity and activity satisfaction.

Definition and Meaning of Job Design:

Davis has defined job design as:-

The specification of the content, techniques and relationships of jobs so that you can fulfill technological and organizational requirements as well as the social and consistent personal requirements of the process holder.

From the above definition, it's miles clear that job layout is a planned and systematic attempt to structure the technical and social factors of work, a good way to improve technical performance and activity satisfaction.

In different words, it's a method of describing employment in terms of its duties and responsibilities, the strategies to be utilized in carrying out the duty in terms of techniques, systems and procedures and therefore the relationship that inattention to exist between the duty holders and their superiors, subordinates and colleagues.

Purposes or Objectives of Designers a Job:

The main objectives of designing a job are:

1. To improve the standard of operating lifetime of workers.

2. To increase employee motivation and productivity.

3. To enhance employee's skills by identifying their training needs.

4. To cover the needs of employee participation.

5. To ensure a safer working environment.

6. To make the communication process clear and effective in the organization.

7. identify the tasks, identify the sincere and kind natural work units.

8. To eliminate unnecessary levels of supervision, checking and control.

(9) To establish high level standards for customer service

(10) To minimise cost by reducing wastage.

Guidelines for Job Designing :-

Which framing job design, the following

guidelines may be considered?

(1) Identify the tasks, identify the sincere and kind natural work units.

(2) Fix the responsibility associated with a job clearly.

(3) create applicable provisions for the autonomy of doing a piece within the job style.

(4) Equip the employees to participate to participate in decision making

(5) Include the details about the work environment of a job.

(6) Develop interest in employees in their job.

(7) Present timely feedback to employees of their performance.

(8) Provide timely recognition and sufficient support to employees.

(9) Establish good relationship and open feedback channels to get effective feedback from the employees.

Techniques of job design - Four main method of job design

2020-06-09T21:32:00.001+05:30

Job design -Techniques

Techniques of Job Design:

There are four techniques commonly used for job design. They are:

1. Job Rotation.

2 Job Enlargement

3 Job Enrichment

4 Job Simplification

1. Job Rotation:

Job rotation means shifting of an employee from one job to another within a working group. It also means horizontal transfer of an employee from one to another job of the same level, prestige, management and status. Job rotation purpose at adding variety and reducing boredom by introducing a variety of tasks in the existing work profile of employees, also aims at allowing qualified and talented employees to gain more understanding into various techniques of an enterprise.

2. Job Enlargement:

Job enlargement means increasing the scope of a particular job by adding more tasks and duties to it. It aims at adding similar tasks or activities to the existing work profit of employees to make their

jobs are more interesting. It also aims at increasing employee's job satisfaction by giving the team an opportunity to develop and learn new skills.

3. Job Enrichment

Job enrichment means designing a job in such a way that the employees get greater autonomy in planning, decision-making and controlling. It aims at increasing the duties in a job to makes it

more exciting, challenging, creative and rewarding to the employees.

4. Jobs simplification

Job simplification means breaking down a job into small components, usually consisting of relatively simple tasks and assigning the divided job components to employees as individual jobs. It aims at enabling the employees to perform their jobs without much specialised training. It conjointly aims at increasing the work speed by permitting the execution of the many little jobs at the same time and quickly

I hope you have understand above topics.

You can also see related Articles in our blog:

Linear programming : Meaning, uses, & limitations of linear programming

2020-06-01T16:04:00.041+05:30

Linear programming:

LINEAR PROGRAMMING:-

Table of content

Introduction
Meaning
Characteristics
Application or uses
Assumption
Limitations
Conclusion.

Introduction

If all the unknown variables are required to be integers, then the hassle is known as an integer programming (IP) or integer linear programming (ILP) trouble

The place of study (or as a minimum the practical effects of it) are used daily inside the structure and distribution of resources. These actual global organizations may take dozens or 100s of variables, or more.

Linear programming (LP, also called linear improvement) is a method to accomplish the best result (, e.g., highest income or lowest cost) in the numerical framework whose requirements are represented by linear relationships.

Today, linear programming (i.E. Mathematical programming) has been developed as an economic tool for allocating constrained resources among competing sports in a foremost manner.

Meaning of Linear Programming.

Linear programming is a process in a mathematical pattern or standard to realize the best effective outcome whose needs are painted by linear relationship.

Linear planning issues are trademarked and they are obviously characterized regarding the goal strategy, requirements and linearity. These features of linear programming make it an extremely important area that has found purpose in applied areas ranging from logistics to business design.

The time period Linear [approach that the relationships handled are similar to those represented with the aid of straight line, and programming implies systematic making plans or choice making.

Programming functions below assumptions and limitations. It implies maximisation or minimisation of a linear function of variables issued to a constraint of linear inequalities. It offers a real numerical approach to the trouble of creating most suitable choices. It includes either maximisation of profits or minimisation of costs. Linear programming can be defined as a technique to determine the finest mixture of inputs (i.E. Factors) to allow a given output or the most great aggregate of outputs (ie. Products) to be produced through given inputs (plant & equipment).It is also considered as a technique to decide between a variety of techniques to produce a commodity.

L.P

Characteristics of linear programming (ie. conditions and generalisations):

The chief characteristics of linear programming:-

(a) The application of linear programming technique to any problem rests on certain conditions and generalisations. First, there is a definite objective. The objective may be the maximisation of profits or output or the minimisation of Costs.

(b). Second mostly, there should be opportunity production strategies for completing the given objective within a specific time period. The idea of process or activity is the most critical in linear programming. Linear programming is an arrangement that is a specific technique of carrying out a commercial task. The method of linear programming yield the decision making organisation to pick the maximum proficient and inexpensive or reasonable arrangement in achieving the objective of the management

(C).Thirdly, there should be constraints or restrictions of the downside. they're the constraints or restrictions pertaining to bound conditions of the matter, on what can not be done, and what has got to be done. they're conjointly referred to as inequalities. In production, they're principally given quantities of land, labour and capital that the area unit created use of within the most effective method for achieving the definite objective.

(d). Fourthly there are preference variables the numbers to be chosen, with a view to most or minimum the objective characteristic and to satisfy all of the restraints.

(e). Lastly, it provides most desirable answer to question. Given the income of the purchaser and the price of goods, feasible answers are all possible combos of the products he can likely buy. Feasible answers of two objects for the patron are all combos that lie on the left of the spending line, while on the cost line, they are the blends that lie on to the right of it.

If a feasible result maximises or minimises the target operation, it is the most efficient answer. The best significant strategy for discovering the new ideal arrangement out of the conceivable arrangement is the straightforward techniques.

Application or Uses of Linear programming

The production function in linear programming goes beyond the limited field of economic theory., viz. analysis of the problem with one or two variables, and concerning itself with one production process at a time. It takes into thought the assorted capability limitations and therefore the bottlenecks that arise within the process of production. It makes a selection among the various complicated productive processes thus as a minimise price or maximise profits.

(a) Paint and chemical industries use this technique to decide about the product mix and the final product.

(b) Steel industry use this technique or method for combination decisions to manufacture such products as plates, sheets, bars, fillets rounds etc

(d) It is also beneficial for blending hassle whilst a very last product is produced by way of mixing plenty of raw materials to minimise the fee of very last product

(e) India, linear programming is always used to achieve many goals and objectives which is required to develop a nation:

1. Linear programming is comprehensively used in the different areas of 5 years plans such as Economic Growth, Economic Equity and Social Justice, Full Employment, Economic Self-Reliance, Modernisation.

2. The Indian Railways have been the usage of this method in linking one of a kind zones.

3. Agricultural research institutes are one using this technique for crop rotation mix of food crops, cash crops, fertilizers mix ete.,

4. Airlines in India use this technique in the selection of routes and allocation of aircraft to different routes.

(f) Private and public sector oil refineries use this technique for blending.

(g) It is used in inventory management. It helps to minimise inventory cost.

(h) It is helpful in marketing management. It helps the marketing manager to determine the optional distribution schedule for transporting the products from different warehouses to various markets at the minimum cost.

(i) It is useful in monetary management. It allows the financial supervisor of a firm, assurance firm, bank, etc. and in the selection of speculation, clarification of shares, debentures, market shares,bonds its maximise return on investment.

(j) Linear programming is also used in manufacture administration.

(k) It is used in private management. It permits the personal supervisor to solve problems referring to recruitment, selection, transfer, deployment of manpower to one-of-a-kind departments of the firm.

Assumption of the linear programming analysis.

The linear programming evaluation of the employer is based totally on diverse sure assumptions. Those assumptions are

(1) The decision making body is confronted with sure constraints or resource restrictions. There may be credit, raw cloth also and space difficulty in its process. Types of obstacles in reality rely on the nature of complication, Mostly, they may be fixed factors within the manufacture operations.

(2) It appropriate a confined variety of alternation manufacture operation.

(3) It ensures linear relations most of the one-of-a-kind variables which implies steady proportionality among inputs, the

(4) Input-output fees and co-performance are given and constant. They are known with assurance.

(5) Linear programming technique in addition assumes continuity and divisibility in products and elements.

(6) Institutional elements also are assumed to be constant output with a process.

(7) For programming, a positive length is assumed. For comfort and more correct results, the duration is normally short, although longer periods are not ruled out.

Based on the above assumptions linear programming is used within the theory of the organization for the solution of the following problems.

A. Maximisation of output

B. Maximisation of revenue

C. Minimisation of cost.Limitations of linear programming

Limitations of Linear programming:-

Most likely, straight programming has ended up being a generally valuable gadget of investigation for the business official. It is being increasingly used within the theory of the firm, managerial

economics, in inter-regional trade in fashionable equilibrium evaluation in welfare economics and in development planning.

But it isn't free from limitations. It suffers from the following limitations:

(i) It is not clear how to define a particular objective characteristic.

(ii) Even if a particular objective characteristic is laid down, it could now not be so easy to discover numerous technological, financial and different constraints which may be operative in pursuing the given goal.

(iii) Given a selected objective and a set of constraints, it is posSible that the constraints won't be without delay expressible linear inequalities.

(iv) There is likewise major trouble relevant values of various consistent coefficients that enter right into a linear programming version

(v) This method is based on the belief of linear members of the family among inputs and outputs. This manner the inputs and outputs can be added, increased and divided. But the relations among inputs and outputs aren't constantly linear. In actual life, maximum of the relations are non-linear

(vi) This technique assumes perfect opposition in product and issue markets. But perfect opposition isn't always a reality.

(vii) This method is based totally on the idea of consistent returns. In reality, there are both diminishing or increasing returns.

(Viii) This approach is extraordinarily mathematical and complicated. It involves a big number of mathematical calculations.

(ix) Mostly, linier in programming model gift trial and error answers and it is hard to show out really optimal answers to the various financial problems.

(X)It is also an awfully interesting topic. It begins with natural problems, but it can catch very complex. For instance, distributing a bar of candy or snack between brothers could be a natural optimization problem. We don't think that it can be solved by mathematical terms.

Conclusion:-

Typically, the purpose of linear planning is to increase or decrease specific aims, such as income or value. This process is called improvement. It relies upon three distinct constructs: Variables, targets, and constraints.

Linear planning might well be called linear improvement: It implies getting maxima and minima of linear uses of various variables subject to constraints that exist linear equations or one dimensional inequalities. This language "programming " has the old-fashioned idea of " designing " and was taken in the decades before the advent of computers.

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Role of human resources manager

2020-05-20T11:03:00.001+05:30

Roles of Human resources manager

Introduction:-

Human resource management or management of human resources is one of the most important aspects of the management of any organization,

because an organization means not only the physical structure, but also the persons working in that structure.

Again, in reality, the identity and performance of an organisation depends more on its capacity to procure, maintain, develop and

utilize the right type of human resources than on its physical assets.

Therefore, it is quite necessary to have some idea about human resources before taking up the discussion of human resources management.

Human Resources

Meaning and Definition ofHuman Resources

Meaning of Human Resources:

From the viewpoint of an organisation, human resources or human resources management stand for the people at job or work.

They are the summation of the inherent

abilities, non heritable information and skills, as exemplified within the talent and aptitudes of the staff of the organisation.

From the national purpose of read, human resources represent information, skills, artistic talents, leadership skills, creative ideas, and aptitudes found within the population.

*Personal Objectives:

The important individual or personal objectives are:

1.To ensure adequate compensation or remuneration for the personnel.

2. To assure job security to the personnel.

3. To provide sufficient facilities to the personnel for training and development

4. To ensure a suitable work environment.

5. To afford sufficient opportunities for promotion.

6. To provide job satisfaction to the personnel.

7. To ensure the treatment of personnel with dignity.

*Social Objectives:

The important social objectives. are:

1. To create maximum employment opportunities.

2. To ensure maximisation of productivity.

3. To avoid wastage of efforts of the personnel.

4. To use productive resources in the best possible way and to minimize wastes.

5. To promote healthy relations between the management and labour and to ensure industrial peace.

6. To promote social welfare.

*Union Objectives:

The important union objectives are:

1. To secure the cooperation of the labour

unions with the management.

2. To accord reputation to consultant labour

unions.

3. To inculcate the spirit of

self-discipline most of the labour

unions.

1. body Roles:

The administrating roles embrace the subsequent

(a) influential person

(b) frame knowledgeable

(d) residence servant

(e) Counsellor

(1) Welfare officer

(g) Legal advisor.

Let us have a quick discussion of those roles:

(a) Policy Maker:

The human aid supervisor facilitates

management within the formula of regulations managing ability accomplishment and maintenance, salary and pay administration, welfare activities, personnel records, operational conditions, etc.

Human resources manager also helps in interpreting manpower policies, rules, regulations and programs in the correct manner.

(b) body Expert:

The administrative position of human resources manager is closely homeward-sure to manner and record-keeping. Maintaining worker documents and human resource connected databases, technique worker profit claims, respondent queries concerning leave, delivery and scientific facilities, filing needed reviews to restrictive agencies are samples of the administrating nature of human useful resource managers.

This programs or events must be efficiently accomplished by human resources manager,

From the purpose of read of shoppers, staff, manager, distributors and government conjointly.

(c) Advisor:

It is aforesaid that personnel management isn't a line responsibility, however a worker performs. The personnel manager discharge his work by recommending, notifying, suggesting, counsel, advocating, instructing and serving to the road manager in discharging the responsibilities regarding grievance redressal, conflict resolution,

worker choice and Personnel recommendation includes preparation of reports, connection or intercourse of pointers for the analysis and accomplishments of policies, programme's and rules relating to labour laws, etc.

(d) Housekeeper:

The administrative function of a personnel manager in coping with the display consists of recruiting, pre-employment testing, reference checking, worker surveys, time-keeping, salary and remuneration administration, edges and pension administration, wellness programmes, renovation of records, etc.

(e) Counselor:

The human members of the family manager i.e,. (human resources manager) discusses numerous problems with the personnel pertaining to work, career, their supervisors, colleagues, health, family, financial, social, etc., and advises them on minimizing and overcoming problems, if any.

(f). Welfare Officer:

Personnel manager is anticipated to be the welfare officer of the corporate As a well-being officer, he grants and preserves, for the interest of the United, snacks bar or restaurant, clinics, creches, educational organizer, Clobber, libraries, communication facilities, co-operative credit societies and consumer department. Has per Factories Act, welfare officers must foreseen the need or requirements of safety, job security, healtha related well-being of employees. The human useful resource managers are generally asked to Over see whether or not or not everything is in step with the corporate rules and stipulation

(g) Legal Consultant:

Personnel manager performs the position of grievances dealing, with settling of disputes, handling disciplinary cases, doing dialogue,

allowing the approach of joint consultation, interpretation and implementation of various labour cases, contacting lawyers regarding complaints, Personnel manager is also responsible for suggesting or submitting files in labour courts, industrial committees, public court of justice.

2. Operating Roles:

The operating roles are tactical in nature, and include the following

a. Recruit

b. Mediator

c. Employee champion

d.Trainer, developer and motivator.

e. Co-ordinator (linking pin)

Let us have a brief discussion of the various operative roles of a human resource manager.

a. Recruit :

Winning the war has become a very important job of human resource manager in recent times seeable of the growing competition for people possessing requisite knowledge, skills and skill. Human resource manager should use his to exercise smart impact, whereas giving birth down remunerative career ways to new recruits while not increasing the money burden to the economy.

(b). Trainer, Developer and Motivator:

A part from talent a quisition, talent retention is also important. To this end, human resource managers have to find skill deficiencies from time to time, offer meaningful training opportunities bring out the talent potential of people through intrinsic and extrinsic sic rewards which are valued by employees.

C) Co-ordinator: (Linking Pin):

The human aid supervisor is commonly deputed to behave as a linking

pin between various divisions or branch of companion degree organisation.

The entire utility is specially designed to push connection regiona department

heads, exploitation employees members of the family and communique talents of human useful resource executives to the utmost achievable extent

(d) Mediator:

The employees manager acts as a mediator just in case of friction among two personnel, organizations of employees, supervisors and

subordinates and personnel and control with the best objective of maintaining business harmony

(E) Employee Champion:

Human resource managers have traditionally been regarded as "employer morale officers' or employee advocates. Liberalisation,

privatisation and globalization pressures have modified the case dramatically. Human aid professionals have to pass closer to the hearts of employees in their very own self-interest. To supply results, they may be now critically pre-occupied with:-

1. Placing human at the rightjob.

2. Rewarding creditable pertormance.

3. Resolving variations among personnel and corporations smoothly.

4. Adopting family-pleasant policies.

5. Ensuring truthful and equitable treatment to all people regardless of the background

6.Striking a happy balance among the Personnel and professional pursuits with the big organisational needs.

3. Strategic Roles:

An agency's success increasingly more relies upon on the knowledge, abilities and talents of its personnel, as they assist to set up a Set or core abilities which distinguish an agency from its.Competitors. When employee's capabilities are valuable, rare, difficult to imitate and organized, a enterprise can do sustained rival benefit via its individuals.. The strategic role of human resource supervisor focuses interest on how to enable everyday employees turn out superb performance, looking after their ever-changing expectations. The key regions of interest to this place of global competition include powerful control of key resources (personnel, technology, paintings processes), at the same time as delivering cost powerful and cost enhancing solutions.

Duties and responsibilities of HR manager:-

The duties and responsibilities of HR manager are:

HR manager

Advising the line managers regarding the state-of-the-art trends in job analysis.

Helping the line managers in planning Human aid and finalizing human useful resource plans.

Advising the line manages regarding the impact of downsizing and delayering on human beneficial resource planning.

Preparing, modifying and updating job analysis, job description and job specification as desired by line managers..

Searching for the eventual employees from different internal ( inside the organisation )and external ( outside of the organisation ) sources of recruitment and encouraging and stimulating prospective candidates to apply for vacant jobs in the organisation.

Another important duties of HR manager is pinout job supporters and delivery the operation of recruitment

Conducting induction programmes of latest staff and golf stroke of employees in their jobs.

Helping line executives or managers in identifying what type of work training and development broadcasts which is essential for an individual employees to show full potential in their job.

HR manager not only search employment agencies but also helps chief executives in conducting selection tests and interviews to select most suitable candidates for current and future needs.

Preparing schooling and development broadcasts in such a manner that will full satisfy the needs of employees in the organisation.

Fixing and supervising the minimum salaries, wages, pension, health related and other benefits of employees.

To fulfil lack of motivation which is required for an employee for working his job more effectively, so HR managers also Introduce various inducement broadcasts to inspire the employees.

Maintaining close and sound relations with individual employees, employees groups, trade unions and government.

Conducting special series of events with general or top manager to solve staff obstacles in group or individual, prevent industrial disputes and employee turnover in the organisation.

Encouraging the employees to reduce their own team work attitude and also team culture this helps in smooth working in organization.

HR manager suggesting chief executive officer in selecting employees who is fit for promotion and also for demotions, training required, transfer etc.

Maintaining and enhancing sound human relations.

Coconut oil and comphor benefits

2020-05-11T23:29:00.020+05:30

Coconut oil and camphor benefits

Camphor

Introduction and used in:-

For hundreds, Camphor necessary petroleum (oil) has been utilized by the Asian and these Indians for both spiritual (religious) and medicinal uses, as its vapors were thought to have healing consequences on the mind and body. In Taiwan, the rugged and aromatic vegetation of the Camphor tree was also used in manufacturing of ship parts, such as the wooden boat sails. This is because it was a natural source of oxygen and temples. When applied in Ayurvedic treatments, it was the ingredient for medication intended to direct symptoms of colds, , e.g, coughing, vomiting, and diarrhoea. It was good for speaking everything from surface ailments, e.g, eczema, to issues associated with flatulence such as gastritis, to stress-related fears,

e.g., reduced libido. Historically, Camphor was still used in medicine. In fourteenth century Europe and in Iran, Camphor was used as the disinfectant component in fumigations in the time of the catastrophe, too as in embalming operations.

Features or guidelines to use:-

Camphor is mostly good for adults when it's used right. Lotions, gel or creams containing tiny quantities of camphor will be used to the skin, hair, respiratory issues and improving bowel movements. Never ever use refined camphor or productions or products which has more than 11% Camphor. Usually do the skin patch experiments before applying comphor on the skin.
Camphor is the best way to get rid of worms or mosquitoes. Camphor is utilized as the option to mothballs. Camphor crystals are sometimes accustomed to keep harm to insect collections by other tiny worms. It is held at clothes used on special occasions and festivals, and likewise at cupboard boxes as the cockroach repellent.
Most camphor products are in the shape or figure of the cream, gel, wax gel, cooling gel, ointment, or balm that will be used to the skin. You may see sprays and fluid bath soaks. Some anti-itch and shave creams include camphor. Some women products like face washing, nail polish, cooling gel and ChapStick include camphor. It's also the common component in insect repellents. Camphor has most strong mosquito repellent compared to other
Do not have camphor productions if you are pregnant or nursing, as it has this possibility to have birth defects. Kids under this age of 2 should not have camphor productions at all. Ingesting camphor has been shown to be deadly to toddlers, yet at smaller doses. It may also have seizures in children. Most camphor products get in the shape or figure of the cream, cooling gel, ointment, or balm that will be used to the skin and shine hair. You may see sprays and fluid bath soaks. Some anti-itch and shave creams include camphor. Some woman products like face washing, nail polish, and ChapStick cooling gel include camphor. It's also the common component in insect repellents.

Let's see some top selling camphor oil brand in Indian markets

Benefits of camphor:-

Strong and healthy hair
Burns and wounds
Get rid of eczemas
Cracked heels
Skin rashes
Kills lice
Reduce congestion
Relieves cramps and spasms

Reference or further reading

Jul. 2018). Camphor. Britannica. Retrieved from

www.britannica.com/science/camphor

Stewart, D. (2005). The Chemistry Of Essential Oils Made Simple: God's Love Maniest In Molecules. Care. 1SBN 978-0-

934426-99-2

Coconut oil:-

Skin or Hair performance of palm (coconut oil) oil the quality of palm oil as the current super food has been rising myriad welfare benefits it offers inside away. Palm oil has been considered good for skin and hair care, so almost all manufacturers of hair and skin products use the essential oil as the support component. It is also a bulk source of vitamin C, everyone must know that which helps in preventing the common cold, good for eye health, essential for the body to make collagen.

Palm oil (coconut oil) removes grease and cosmetics from the face while moisturising and preventing harmful bacteria at bay

Coconuts have a magic component for the hair. Palm Oil may be applied for cloth and skin, is a good fat for cooking, helps in digestion, supports the body's physical hormones ...the benefits of palm Oil are endless!

Let's see some top selling coconut oil brand in Indian market

Benefits of coconut oil:-

Boost immunity
Sleep aid
Healthy heart
Stress relief
Increase digestions
Natural makeup remover
Use as lip Balm
Increase good cholesterol levels

Reference or further reading

Browning, M (2003). 300 handcrafted Soaps Great Melt & Pour Projects. Sterling Publishing. p. 9. ISBN 978-1-4027-

0797-1.

(Jul. 2018). Coconut palm. Britannica. Retrieved from

www.britannica.com/plant/coconut-palm

"Dietary fats explained". Retrieved May 4. 2012.

Oil pulling 5 easy steps:-

Scoop out 1 tablespoonfuls of coconut oil

2. Gently swish the oil, pulling it in and out of your teeth, for about 15 to 30 minutes

3. Spot the oil into a trash can or bag

4. Rinse your mouth with water

5. Brush your teeth

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What is the shelf life of packed cooking oil

2020-05-11T07:00:00.000+05:30

What is the shelf life of packed cooking oil

Our goal, Healthy oil

Introduction of cooking oil:-

Cooking oil plays an important role in your daily life. You require cooking oil to prepare a delicious dish. Lots of things or matters related to your health depend on the cooking oil you use. There are people who do not have the right knowledge about which type of oil they should be investing in for cooking. There are a few important things which you must consider when you buy the cooking oil. Basic things such as the flavor, smoke point, and health are all vital in the cooking oil. The most important thing you need to consider the fats. Fats are always considered a bad thing for health. But 'There are both good and bad fats in the cooking oil.

Fats:-

Fats are basically classified into two, saturated and unsaturated fats. There are a few low-grade oils which also contain trans-fats. To give your family a good health it is always recommended that you invest in a low cholesterol oil which does not contain saturated fats.

Taste the Flavor, Miss the Fat

And now come to main topic that who to choose right cooking oil for good health

Smoke point:

Smoke point

Smoke point or smoking point or smoke end refers to the temperature at which an oil starts to burn and smoke.

Brief importance of smoking point:-

When it comes to selecting the greatest cooking oil for the recipe, there are some elements to consider.

Among the most significant are taste, nutritional worth, and smoking spotpoint

The common rule is that fats with the higher smoke end (point) are better suited for deep cooking, Whilst fats with The smoke (spot point) below 200 °C represent not.

27 that smoking spot of unrefined palm oil is 235 °C whilst The of coarse palm oil is 177 °C.29 at The light coconut oil is better suited for shallow frying, Which is made at much lower temperatures, 28 whilst palm oil in contrast is suited for both thick and superficial frying.

30 that smoking point is associated with that available fatty acid content of oils, Therefore reheating (re-use) of oils is not recommended as used oils can be the higher free-fatty compound message, with the subsequent reduction in its first smoke direction, which will result in higher emissions of volatile compounds at lower temperatures.27

For some cooks, the taste and

the smell of the oil is the main factor in their choice. After all, great tasting food is mostly the purpose.

The nutritional value (or lack thereof) of specific oils is The on-going communication. It has taken previously unknown oils like palm oil to the perspective of family cook's pantries. But in addition to taste and nutritional value, the cook must constantly take the preparation of the matter, which involves attention to the smoking end (point) of the oil. For example, the subtle smell of coarse almond oil may be destroyed by heating,

To understand smoke point properly see the chart below:

This chart tells you which cooking oil is best for various heat.

Less than (°F)	Heat	Cooking methods	Preferable cooking oil
350°F	No / Low heat	Dressings, sauces, dips	Olive, flax, hemp, Walnut oil
400°F	Medium heat	Baking + roasting, Sautee	Coconut, grass fed Butter oil
450°F	Medium-high heat	Medium heat	Grass fed ghee, Sesame oil
500°F	High heat	Deep frying + Searing	Avocado, red palm oil

I hope you understand lot more.

Which cooking oil is best for Health.

When you take that cooking oil for daily cooking you should have the great cooking oil which is better for your well-being. Flower oil is believed to be the greatest oil for the eye as it is created from the flower seeds. It comprises great fats and helps you to keep the good cholesterol levels. It is really crucial to keep a well healthy lifestyle and for this, the eating habits and making oil play an important part. Making oil such as Saffola quantity is the versatile component that can be used in some recipes. You may use the oil for cooking, deep frying, cooking, and some more things. Flower is also considered great for frying as it is the poor cholesterol oil.

The oil is also very stable in higher

temperatures. The matter you make cannot lose its calm and nutritional value. Likewise, some of the common sunflower oil brands include the anti-foam agent. That is well as when you cook the oil won't bubble like other cooking oils.

Imp:-

Most of these people are now using petroleum,e.g, flower or sunflower seed oil for preparation. Making oil, e.g., the Saffola tasty contains vitamin A and D which is great for the immunity and absorbs metal and phosphorus which is better for thc bone health. It also contains these physical antioxidants which are better for the well-being by reducing cholesterol levels.

So it is clear that this cooking oil containing the higher proportion of saturated fat acids. As these preparation oil much as Saffola cooking oil are more balanced. It is really crucial nowadays to eat healthy. Pecople are really terrible eating habits because of their busy lives. It is crucial that you take well prepared food.

Now let see the benefits of different packed cooking oil

Benefits / Merits

1. Olive oil

Stimulates hair growth
Increases the manage phase
Prevents hair loss
works as deep hair conditioner
Adds shine to your hair
Helps with frizzy hair
Reduces split ends
Reduces dandruff
Calms down itchy scalp
Helps Prevent breast cancer
Helps prevent diabetes
Improve skin health

2. Sun flower oil

Support a healthy heart
Increase your energy
Reduce inflammation
Boost your immune system
Improve the look and feel of your skin

3. Virgin coconut oil

Treatment of skin conditions
Improve good breathe
Helps in weight loss
Protects your skin from UV rays

What is the shelf life of packed cooking oil

There are quite a couple of kinds of cooking oils, like soybean oil, Avocado, Almond, Walnut, sesame, sunflower petroleum or peanut oil. Their shelf time, whatever, is rather related to one another. As long as

the cooking oil is unopened and stored. It should remain good for at least two years. Once you'll move this bottle, the oil at it should be good for at least oneyear.

Oils:-

Oils will grow rancid in a little time then choose carefully. Palm oil has a longer shelf life than other oils Olive oil is the best choice but it has a shorter shelf time and will grow rancid sooner than food. But fats are

valuable at our food storage because they make us strength, offer assistance for fat-soluble vitamins and foods, adds taste and makes you seem satisfied when you exist through with the meal. Sugars: I don't want what anyone says, we humans like fresh foods, and are the pleasure to us in the crisis situation. Options include love, jam, preserves, maple syrup, brown brea or plain old white bread. None of these sugars are nutritionally good, with the exception of love, but we do even enjoy them. Love has indeed many functions e.g., the anti-bacterial cover for wounds and is a strong antioxidant.

App. Shelf life of packed cooking oil

Estimated shelf life of different packed cooking oil🛢️
Coconut oil	12 months
Palm oil	12 months
Avocado oil	12 months
Canola oil	12 months
Corn oil	9-12 months
Olive oil	6-12 months
Macadamia oil	6-12 months
Almond oil	6-12 months
Safflower oil	6 months
Soybean oil	6 months
Peanut oil	6 months
Grape seed oil	3-6 months
Sunflower oil	3 months
Walnut oil	2-4 months
Sesame oil	2-4 months
Estimated shelf life of different packed cooking oil🛢️

Remember you can translate this article to any local language in main menu for reading purpose only.

Reference or further

Reading

1. Koba M. (Jun. 2015). Popular olive oil brand accused of fraud' Fortune. Retrieved from

http://fortunc.com/2015/06/24/olive-oil-brands-lawsuits

2. "Why Is Avocado Oil Good For The

Skin?". Livestrong Foundation. 2011-03-31

Retrieved 2013-07-13. (Livestrong

Foundation. 2011-03-31.)

3. "Dietary fats explained". Retrieved May

4, 2012. (Dietary fats explained)

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Types or kinds of endorsement - introduction, meaning,types of endorsement.

2020-05-05T13:35:00.000+05:30

Endorsement:-

Topics include

Introduction-

Endorsement a delivery is a mode of negotiating a negotiable instrument. Anegotiable instrument payable to order (i.e., payable to a specified person or his order) can be negotiated only by endorsement and delivery. So, it is necessary to have some idea about endorsement in the contest of negotiation.

Meaning of endorsement-

The term "endorsement" or "endorsement' is derived from the Latin term "in" dorsum which means "on the back". So, endorsement means signing one's name on the back of a negotiable instrument say, a bill ofexchange, a promissory note or a cheque, with a view to transferring the interest, right, property or title in the instrument to another person.

Section 15 of the Indian Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 defines an endorsement as "When the maker or holder of a negotiable instrument signs the same otherwise than as such maker, for the purpose of negotiation, on the back or face thereofo or on a slip of paper annexed thereto, or signs for the same purpose
a stamped paper intended to be completed as a negotiable instrument, he is said to endorse the same, and is called the endorser'".

Who can Endorse and Instrument?

As per Section 51 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, a negotiable instrument can be endorsed by any one of the following
persons:
a. The payee of the instrument. (The first endorsement of an instrument is made by the payee).
b. The drawer of a bill of exchange or a cheque, who signs it otherwise than as the drawer.
c. The maker of a promissory note, who signs it otherwise than as the maker.
d. Theholder of a negotiable instrument.
e. The endorsee of the instrument.
f. All of the several joint payee, drawers, makers or endorsees of the instrument.

In short, the first endorsement of a negotiable instrument can be
made by the payee. Subsequent endorsements may be made by
any person who becomes the holder thereof.

Essentials of Valid Endorsement:

The essentials of a valid endorsement are:

1. Though an endorsement in pencil is valid in the eyes of law, it

is better that the endorsement is made in ink so that it cannot

be erased easily.

2. The endorsement must be made on the instrument itself. It can be made either on the back or on the face of the instrument.

Though an endorsement on the face of an instrument is pemitted by law, it is desirable that the endorsement is made

on the back of the instrument in view of the time-honoured practice. In case the back of the instrument is fully covered by endorsements, further endorsements can be made on a separate slip of paper called an allonge attached to the instrument. However, when an allonge is used, the first

endorsement on the allonge must be partly on the back of the instrument and partly on the allonge.

3. An endorsement should be made only by the drawer, the payee or the endorsee of the instrument who is the lawful holder of the same. It should not be made by stranger.

4. An instrument made payable to two or more persons jointly should be endorsed by all of them, unless one or some of them are authorized to endorse on behalf of others.89

Types of endorsement:-

Kinds or types of Endorsement:

There are many kinds of endorsement. They are:

1) Endorsement or General Endorsement

(2) Full Endorsement or Special

Endorsement

(3) Restrictive Endorsement

(4) Sans Recourse Endorsement

(5) Conditional Endorsement or Qualified Endorsement

(6) Facultative Endorsement

(7) Sans Frais Endorsement

1. Blank Endorsement or General Endorsement:

A blank endorsement is an endorsement in which the endorser merely signs his name on the back of the instrument without mentioning the name of the person to whom the instrument is endorsed. An example of blank endorsement is:

(Sd.) M. Sunder

When an instrument is endorsed in bank, it becomes a bearer instrument, even if it was originally made payable to order. As a bearer instrument, it can be negotiated (i.e., transferred) further by mere delivery.

2. Full Endorsement or Special Endorsement:

A full endorsement is an endorsement in which the endorser writes not only his name of the person to whom the instrument is endorsed on the back of the instrument. An example of full endorsement is:

"Pay R. Ramesh or Order"
(SD.) M Sunder

When an instrument is endorsed in full, it can be negotiated further only by the endorsee named in the endorsement.

3. Restrictive Endorsement:

A endorsement is an endorsement in which the endorser restricts the further negotiation (1.e., transferability) ofthe instrument byexpress words or constitutes the endorsee just an to endorse the instrument or to receive its contents for the endorser or some other specified person. Examples of restrictive endorsement are.

1"Pay K. Ganesh only"
(Sd.) M. Sunder.

2"pay k. Ganesh for my use"
(Sd.) M.Sunder.

3"Pay K. Ganesh on account of Mahesh"
(Sd.) M. Sunder.

4"Pay K. Ganesh for the account of Mahesh"
(Sd.) M. Sunder.

5"The within (i.e., content) must be credited to K. Ganesh"
(Sd.) M. Sunder.

When an instrument bears a restrictive endorsement, the endorsee cannot negotiate the instrument further, as his right to negotiate instrument further is restricted.

4. Sans Recourse Endorsement:

Generally, when an instrument is endorsed, the endorser undertakes to compensate the endorsee in case the instrument is dishonoured. But in the case of a sans recourse endorsement, the en-
dorser frees himself from such a liability by writing the words "Sans Recourse" or "Without Recourse to me" after writing the name of the endorsee. Examples of sans recourse endorsement are:

1 "Pay K. Ganesh or order Sans Recourse"
(Sd.) M. Sunder.

2 "pay k. Ganesh or order without recourse to me"
(Sd.) M. Sunder.

When an instrument bears a sans recourse endorsement, the endorsee cannot look to the endorser for payment, in case the instrument is dishonoured.

5. Conditional Endorsement or Qualified Endorsement:

A conditional endorsement is an endorsement in which the endorser makes his liability on the instrument or the rights of the endorsee to receive the payment of the instrument depend upon the happening of a specified event. An example of conditional endorsement is:

"Pay K. Ganesh or order on the arrival
of S.S. Nethravathi at New Mangalore
port by 31st October, 2002"
(Sd.) M. Sunder."

When an instrument bears a conditional endorsement, the liability of the endorser will arise, or the property in the instrument will pass to the endorsee only if the specified event takes place or if the
particular condition is fulfilled.

6. Facultative Endorsement:

Generally, the endorser of an instrument is entitled to receive a notice of dishonour from the holder in case of dishonour of the
instrument, if he is to be held liable on the instrument. If he is not served with the notice of dishonour, he will not be liable to the holder. But, in the case of facultative endorsement, the endorser waives or surrenders his right to receive the notice of dishonour by writing the words "Notice of Dishonour Waived", after writing the name ofthe endorsee. An example of facultative endorsement IS

"Pay K. Ganesh or Order. Notice of Dishonour Waived"
(Sd.) M. Sunder.

When an instrument bears a facultative endorsement, the endorser will be liable on the instrument in case of dishonour, even if he is not given any notice of dishonour.

7. Sans Frais Endorsement:

A sans frais endorsement is an endorsement in which, by writing the words "sans frais" (meaning 'without expense'), the endorser makes it clear that no one should incur any expense on his account in respect of the negotiable instrument. An example of sans frais endorsement is:

"Pay K. Ganesh or order, Sans Frais"

(Sd.) M. Sunder.

Cancellation of Endorsement:

Where the holder of a negotiable instrument, without the consent of the endorser, destroys or impairs the endorser's remedy against any prior party (1.e., cancels any endorsement intentionally), the endorser is discharged from liability to the holder to the same extent as if the instrument had been paid at maturity. (Section 40 of the negotiable Instruments Act). Let us discuss this point with an example. A endorses a bill of exchange to B. B endorses it to C, and

C to D.D, of his own accord, cancels the name of B as an endorser. In this case, the liability of B as well as that of C on the instrument comes to an end.

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2020-05-02T12:56:00.002+05:30

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Table of content

IntroductionMeaningCharacteristicsApplication or usesAssumptionLimitationsConclusion.

Conclusion:-

Important notice:-

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Role of human resources manager

Human Resources

Meaning and Definition ofHuman Resources

Coconut oil and comphor benefits

Benefits of camphor:-

Strong and healthy hairBurns and woundsGet rid of eczemasCracked heelsSkin rashesKills liceReduce congestionRelieves cramps and spasms

Reference or further reading

Oil pulling 5 easy steps:-

What is the shelf life of packed cooking oil

Fats:-

Which cooking oil is best for Health.

Benefits / Merits

Estimated shelf life of different packed cooking oil🛢️

Types or kinds of endorsement - introduction, meaning,types of endorsement.

Endorsement:-

Introduction-

Meaning of endorsement-

Who can Endorse and Instrument?

Essentials of Valid Endorsement:

Kinds or types of Endorsement:

Cancellation of Endorsement:

About us

About us

Contact help

Contact help

Privacy policy statement

Introduction
Meaning
Characteristics
Application or uses
Assumption
Limitations
Conclusion.

Strong and healthy hair
Burns and wounds
Get rid of eczemas
Cracked heels
Skin rashes
Kills lice
Reduce congestion
Relieves cramps and spasms