Info-me

كائنات ماقبل التاريخ والبشر

noreply@blogger.com (caramelst) — Fri, 25 Jan 2013 19:02:00 +0200

العديد من القصص والافلام الوثائيقيه التى تحدثت وبكثره عن ما قبل البشر والحياه التى كانت تسود الكره الارضية
من هذه الاشياء التى كانت ماقبل التاريخ هى

الديناصورات والوحوش

عاش بعض من أكبر المخلوقات فى عالمنا هذا ، منذ ملايين السنين. وفيما يلي أكبر وحوش عاشت فى البحر و في المحيطات.

الشستاسور

عاش هذا الحيوان فى البحار والمحيطات من ألاف السنين الماضيه وهو من الثاديات ومن قصيلة الدلافين فى بداية نسلهه الأول ينمو هذا الحيوان البحرى حتى يصل طوله الى أكثر من 20 مترا ويسبح فى أعداد كبيره لمهاجمة فرائسه فى جماعات تصل الى 20 فرد وهذه نبذه مختصره عن الشستاسور.

الداكوسارف

هو من الزواحف الغريبة الشكل حيث إكتشفوا علماء الأثريات هياكله الأولى فى ألمانيا وانجلترا وروسيا والارجنتين كان هذا الحيوان البحرى قريب من التماسيح فى عصورنا هذه يصل طوله الى 7 أقدام وكان يهاجم الفرائس فى البر والبحر ويسير فرديا لا يحب الصيد فى جماعه .

ملك البحر

Talassomedon هو ترجمة " رب البحر أو ملك البحر " باليونانيه وهو من الكائنات أكلة اللحوم المفترسه هى تشبهه فى تصميم جسمها مثل القرش الأبيض مع اختلاف فمها الذى يصل طوله الى 4 أمتار بخلاف طولها الكلى الذى يصل الى 13 متر فى عمرها المتوسط بمعنى أنها قابله لزيادة طولها.

النيتوزافرى

من الوحوش الأصغر حجما ولكنه كان يتميز بشده الإفتراس لتصميم حجمه وهيكله العظمى الذى يتميز بالقوة فكانت فى دماغه كل القوة التى تساعده على المناوره وافتراس فريسه أكبر من حجمه , كان النيتوزافرى يصل طوله الى 4 أمترا فقط إكتشف العلماء أنه من فصيلة ال البليوصورات الحفرية .

تيلوزاروس

التيلوزاروس من الكائنات أكلة اللحوم والأكثر إفتراسا يسص حجم التيلوزاروس الى 15 مترا اكتشفى فى أمريكا الشماليه الحديثه تبين أنه كان يأكل الأسماك صغيرى الحجم فقط وكان غذائه المقضل هو الطيوم والثديات البريه بعكس وجوده فى بيئه بحريه.

تالتالوره

اسمه Talattoarh وهو من الاحجام الكبيره فمن الممكن أنك تتخبله وكأنه أوتوبيس رحلات أو عربة قطار فرديه عاش منذ 244 مليون سنة وكان من الكائنات الأكثر إنقراض على وجهه الأرض كانت تتغذى على النباتات البحريه بخلاف اللحوم والاسماك.

تانستروفى

من الكائنات القصيرة الحجم لتصل الى 6 امتار والتى كانت تتكيف على حسب بيئتها فاذا كانت نباتيه أو غير ذلك عاشت نحو 215 مليون سنه من العصر التراسى الذى اكتشفها والتى لا نسمع بعده حتى الان

وظاءف الاهرام الجمعة 25 -1

noreply@blogger.com (caramelst) — Fri, 25 Jan 2013 18:21:00 +0200

والى باقى الوظائف من هذا الرابط
الموضوع منقول من مدونة وطنى وبس

Samsung Announces Future Plans for Smart TVs

noreply@blogger.com (caramelst) — Fri, 18 Jan 2013 19:42:00 +0200

Starting off initially as a South Korean company specializing in home appliances and other electronic items that facilitate ease and comfort in everyday life, it can be agreed that Samsung has found its calling in the Smartphone market with their Samsung Galaxy Note II and Samsung Galaxy S III making headlines and keeping the company in the limelight quite occasionally.
With such good media exposure, growth, profits and demand drafted with the help of their Smartphones range, Samsung has not neglected its humble roots. By bringing the other electronic items in its inventory up to par with the current changes, Samsung can cater Smartphones and Smart Tv’s to its consumers. The dual technological advantage this grants Samsung an extra advantage that ensures that the company has a finger in more than one pie or in this case, more than one market.

With the New Year coming around and receiving a stupendous response to the new and improves Smartphones launched, Samsung announced its plans to provide new and improved Smart TV’s in the market as well. The new Samsung Smart TV introduces a whole new user interface to the consumer.
Samsun Smart Tv’s will come equipped with 5 pre-determined user screens that can be flicked with the help of a remote in a motion which is similar to how one would flick across their Smartphone screen. The pages are dedicated to user features such as:

Page 1 -“What’s on Right Now?”

This page showcases and keeps a track of shows that are currently being shown and can also recommend TV shows for you to watch. An integrated engine called “S-Recommendation” even pays attention to the current time so it won’t be recommending late night movie marathons if users have to go to work the other day.

Page 2 – Movies and TV Shows

This page shows the on-demand shows and movie content that users would want to see. However it is not integrated with Netflix.

Page 3 -Music and Photos

This page allows users to add, save and share their photos or music library with other computers, network drivers, smartphones and any other supportable storage devices.

Page 4 -Social Networking Services

The social networking services page provides access to all the popular social media websites including Skype, Facebook and Twitter etc. The Samsung Smart TV’s large screen size coupled with the Skype Video Calling services makes it a very impressively attractive option.

Page 5 – Apps

The Apps are housed on the last page of the user interface and include all downloadable apps which are common for Smart TV’s.
Although the features have wow-ed audiences, if compared to Panasonic’s update which allows users to customize their own home screens with their preferences, the Samsung Smart TV’s user interface can come off as restrictive and stiff. Looks like Samsung will have some tough competition in the Smart TV market as well.
And if all that doesn’t convince you to think about a Samsung Smart TV, maybe their seductive ad might:

After Death 6.0.0.9 - Flash Memory Antivirus Free - remove e5188982.exe .trashes virus

noreply@blogger.com (caramelst) — Fri, 16 Nov 2012 16:51:00 +0200

You will be taken to home page of caramel tech & soft. Please click the below link to visit directly. Visit caramel tech & soft

Have you tired removing dorbot virus from your system?

How to fix your Flash drive and clean it ?

Have you tired clean your flash memory drive from hidden files virus?

Have you tired removing "dorbot" virus from hidden files virus?

Now the solution to remove it with

" After Death program "

After Death 6.0.0.9 Now released

Made by ENG.Mohamed Gaber

At the first I am going to explain the behavior of the virus (e5188982.exe or Dorbot) and the damage for flash memory and your computer system

Let's begin

1-The virus convert files on the hard drive into shortcuts.

2-A dialogue box opens when you click those shortcuts, showing the message "Windows cannot find

drive\RECYCLER\e5188982.exe, Make sure you typed the name correctly, and then try again".

3-So when you delete/remove it using any famous Antivirus(Free Version) after scanning, it is still not able to get any data back because it super hidden ( protected by the system);

may be the shortcuts were deleted because it refers to virus location in RECYCLER folder.

4- the virus will move to your operating system infecting the registry key and windows and when you try to put any other flah drive in the infected computer it will catch a virus and infect another computer and so on ,

So what is the damage of the virus

The virus was designed to steal your :
The Email passwords
The Facebook account
A.o.l
Yahoo
Msn
And your bank accounts , visa credit and your electronic bank accounts

Now how can I clean my flash drive?

1-At first download the After death 6.0.0.9 program which had designed by our CARAMEL library

2-Select the drive which you need to scan from list down box

3-Delete the suspicious files by clicking " delete" button
4- Fixing the flash drive using "Fix" button to restore folders from the super hidden to visible state

5-After it's finished please restart your system

and congratulation you have a system and flash memory clean

After Death 6.0.0.2

DOWNLOAD

_______________________________________________
After Death 6.0.0.7
Download
OR

_______________________________________________
The Virus cleaner database is:
1.exe
password.exe
Recycler/*.*
Rبcycler/*.*
Ravmon.exe
Heap41a.exe
New_Folder.exe
svchost.exe
e5188982.exe
*.lnk
Autorun.inf
copy.exe
temp2.exe
antihost.exe
SSVICHOSST.exe ,
sxs.exe
rose.exe
gy.exe
x2csvg.exe
w98.com
8.bat
m2nl.bat
h3.bat
iqe68o.bat
j60osk9.cmd
6fnlpetd.exe
ncyrf.bat
new folder.exe
tcytpx.exe
*.pif
mlne.pif win32/sality virus
Autorun.gen
New Folder.exe
autorun.inf.en
tcytpx.exe
fhrrpn.pif
---------------------NEW---------------

nwsmep.pif           win32/sality virus
0o.com
system.exe
2m66sr.exe
abk.bat
fypuas.exe
fypuasx.exe         win32/sality virus
desktop.ini   ... and more
_____________________________________________
Awards

_____________________________________________

Help us to improve program and service

google pack

noreply@blogger.com (caramelst) — Sun, 6 Feb 2011 23:06:00 +0200

Do you hear about google pack before

here it is in details

google pack is agreat compination of google softwares

it is include:

1-google chrome web browser ,and it helps you downloading , browsing the web espically google search enginr very fast way

2-google aps : included gmail , calender and docs

3-avast program antivirus : and its from the easy and strong antivirus in its field
4-adobe reader: the famous program to view the pdf document and to make one
5-skype : the strongest connect program like messenger
6-google earth : the simple way and program to view houses ,streets,towns and every place on the earth
you can also view it on their site on the web
7-google tool bar : for ie to anownce you with the update of feeds news
8-spy ware doctor : its agood tool to detect spywares hidden in your computers
9-google picasa : to view pictures on your computer and on msn too
10-google talk : to chat with friends on google mail
11-real player : the good way to play video audio on your set like :ram , :rm , :mp3 and other extensions

IR pen

noreply@blogger.com (caramelst) — Thu, 30 Dec 2010 17:49:00 +0200

ir pen for interactive white board
here you can learn how to make ir pen for your interactive white board
the next video will show you how to do

it's simple
again what component you must to get:
1- ir led
2- battery 3 volt
3- button switch
3- pen case

circuit diagram:

have fun

ir detector

noreply@blogger.com (caramelst) — Wed, 29 Dec 2010 16:32:00 +0200

General Idea:
An IR signal is “seen” by a reverse biased IR diode which produces an electrical signal according to the light intensity. This signal is then amplified trough a transistor which powers an ordinary LED. This means that the LED will light up when the IR diodes receives some IR light (from a TV remote for instance).
Materials

An IR Diode (I got mine from an old TV set)
An LED (any colour )
A 1k Ohms resistor
A 50 Ohms resistor (two 100 Ohms resistors in parallel)
A BJT (I used the 2N3904, but any common BJT should work with the right biasing)
An old 9V battery (for the casing)
A new 9V battery (for power)

The Circuit
Construction Notes
I built the circuit by soldering the components together without using a PCB and enclosed it in an old 9V battery.
I used a battery as the casing because it is free, it looks cool, and it includes a battery clip.
The battery’s cap is actually a battery clip that can be soldered to the circuit in order to connect it to another 9V battery.
When using a battery as a case, keep in mind that:

the inside of the battery should be insulated (with blue masking take in my case)
it is a good idea keep one or two of the AAAA batteries (that can be found inside the 9V battery) and use them to keep the top and bottom caps in place (make sure they are insulated two).

christmas gifts for free

noreply@blogger.com (caramelst) — Sun, 26 Dec 2010 01:33:00 +0200

Are you late and forget your christmas presents

here you can save your time and make or get simple christmas present
its very cheerful for your family and donot forget the christmas inspirit

1.Christmas Presents for Dad

– To start with, you can present your Dad with a gadget or just a plain card telling him how much you really care. If he loves a certain sport or book, you can purchase a sports kit or his favorite novel as your gift for him. A smart wristwatch can make a good gift item, so think about it.

2.Christmas Presents for Mom– Prepare a culinary dish and give her some rest for the day, considering all the hard work she did for you when you were small. Fragrance is another great option, if she likes perfumes.
A vase full of flowers with an innovative note is another way you can surprise her and show how much her presence matters in your life. If your mom is health conscious, gift her a home spa as a Christmas present.

3.Christmas Presents for Boyfriend
– Try something unique when selecting a present for your boyfriend. You do not really need to spend a fortune to show how much you care. Tickle your creative instinct and make a homemade Christmas present, like designing a plain T–shirt with his favorite cool one–liners. Gift him a gadget if he is tech savvy. If he loves food, make him some cookies because a “man’s way to heart is through his stomach"

I wish you good luck in coming new 2010 year.
May all you best dreams come true.
Mary Christmas!!! Happy New Year! And enjoy your holidays.

4.Christmas Presents for Girlfriend

– Jewelry is a great option for your girlfriend if you wish to see that sparkle in her eyes. If you wish to gift her something expensive, go for a diamond and see her smile that you will treasure forever. If your girlfriend is techno savvy, a Laptop or smart phone will be an ideal Christmas present. Home made cookies or a collection of popular songs is another way you may like to impress her on the Christmas Eve.

now we can talk about real simple presents
Cookies in a Jar
These cookie mixes in mason jars will be a big hit with everyone!
Follow the steps below to make your own cookies in a jar. Gather the basic supplies, pick a recipe below, and fill your jar; and then use my suggestions or your own ideas to embellish your jars.

These cookie in a jar mixes, complete with recipe gift tag, were loved by everyone on our gift giving list! Be creative when you make your jars, and add your own finishing touches!

Decorating the Jar

1.Fabric: Cut a circle out of the fabric that is 6 - 8 inches across. (I traced around the top of a bowl!) Place the round section of the jar's lid on the jar and center the fabric on that. Screw the other section of the lid in place to hold the fabric. Fluff out the fabric where it comes out from under the lid.

2.Recipe: Print out your choice of the printable recipe card/gift tag that goes with the recipe you chose. Trim closely around the recipe and graphic. Put a small piece of scotch tape on the upper right-hand section of the 'Printable Gift Tag' recipe (right behind the top edge of the graphic). This is to give it a little extra strength. Use a hole puncher and make a small hole in the taped corner.

3.Ribbon: Cut an approximate 3 foot piece of ribbon. I actually used 2 pieces of ribbon with colors that matched the fabric. Thread the ribbon through the hole in the 'Printable Gift Tag' recipe. Wrap the ribbon around the metal of the jar lid and tie it into a bow. Secure in place with a small dab of glue behind the bow and in the back.

donot worrey you can catch the time

the lady gaga

noreply@blogger.com (caramelst) — Sun, 26 Dec 2010 01:21:00 +0200

music(albums and single songs)

Biography:

When Lady Gaga was a little girl, she would sing along on her mini plastic tape recorder to Michael Jackson and Cyndi Lauper hits and get twirled in the air in daddy’s arms to the sounds of the Rolling Stones and the Beatles. The precocious child would dance around the table at fancy Upper West Side restaurants using the breadsticks as a baton. And, she would innocently greet a new babysitter in nothing but h

er birthday suit.

It’s no wonder that little girl from a good Italian New York family, turned into the exhibitionist, multi-talented singer-songwriter with a flair for theatrics that she is today: Lady Gaga.

“I was always an entertainer. I was a ham as a little girl and I’m a ham today,” says Lady Gaga, 22, who made a name for herself on the Lower East Side club scene with the infectious dance-pop party song “Beautiful Dirty Rich,” and wild, theatrical, and often tongue-in-cheek “shoc

k art” performances where Gaga – who designs and makes many of her stage outfits -- would strip down to her hand-crafted hot pants and bikini top, light cans of hairspray on fire, and strike a pose as a disco ball lowered from the ceiling to the orchestral sounds of A Clockwork Orange.

“I always loved rock and pop and theater. When I discovered Queen and David Bowie is when it really came together for me and I realized I could do all three,” says Gaga, who nicked her name from Queen’s song “Radio Ga Ga” and who cites rock star girlfriends, Peggy Bundy, and Donatella Versace as her fashion icons. “I look at those artists as icons in art. It’s not just about the music. It’s about the performance, the attitude, the look; it’s everything. And, that is where I live as an artist and that is what I want to accomplish.”

That goal might seem lofty, but consider the artist: Gaga is the girl who at age 4 learned piano by ear. By age 13, she had written her first piano ballad. At 14, she played open mike nights at clubs such as New York’s the Bitter End by night and was teased for her quirky, eccentric style by her Convent of the Sacred Heart School (the Manhattan private school Nicky and Paris Hilton attended) classmates by day. At age 17, she became was one of 20 kids in the world to get early admission to Tisch School of the Arts at NYU. Signed by her 20th birthday and writing songs for other artists (such as the Pussycat Dolls, and has been asked to write for a series of Interscope artists) before her debut album was even released, Lady Gaga has earned the right to reach for the sky.

“My goal as an artist is to funnel a pop record to a world in a very interesting way,” says Gaga, who wrote all of her lyrics, all of her melodies, and played most of the synth work on her album, The Fame (Streamline/KonLive/Interscope). “I almost want to trick people into hanging with something that is really cool with a pop song. It’s almost like the spoonful of sugar and I’m the medicine.”

On The Fame, it’s as if Gaga took two parts dance-pop, one part electro-pop, and one part rock with a splash of disco and burlesque and generously poured it into the figurative martini glasses of the world in an effort to get everyone drunk with her Fame. “The Fame is about how anyone can feel famous,” she explains. “Pop culture is art. It doesn’t make you cool to hate pop culture, so I embraced it and you hear it all over The Fame. But, it’s a sharable fame. I want to invite you all to the party. I want people to feel a part of this lifestyle.”

The CD’s opener and first single, “Just Dance,” gets the dance floor rocking with it’s “fun, L.A., celebratory vibe.” As for the equally catchy, “Boys Boys Boys,” Gaga doesn’t mind wearing her influences on her sleeve. “I wanted to write the female version of Motley Crue’s ‘Girls Girls Girls,’ but with my own twist. I wanted to write a pop song that rockers would like.”

“Beautiful Dirty Rich” sums up her time of self-discovery, living in the Lower East Side and dabbling in drugs and the party scene. “That time, and that song, was just me trying to figure things out,” says Gaga. “Once I grabbed the reigns of my artistry, I fell in love with that more than I did with the party life.” On first listen, “Paparazzi” might come off as a love song to cameras, and in all honestly, Gaga jokes “on one level it IS about wooing the paparazzi and wanting fame. But, it’s not to be taken completely seriously. It’s about everyone’s obsession with that idea. But, it’s also about wanting a guy to love you and the struggle of whether you can have success or love or both.”

Gaga shows her passion for love songs on such softer tracks as the Queen-influenced “Brown Eyes” and the sweet kiss-off break-up song “Nothing I can Say (eh eh).” “‘Brown Eyes’ is the most vulnerable song on the album,” she explains. “‘Eh Eh’ is my simple pop song about finding someone new and breaking up with the old boyfriend.”

Audio amplifier output relay delay

noreply@blogger.com (caramelst) — Mon, 20 Dec 2010 22:50:00 +0200

Audio amplifier output relay delay

This is a simple circuit which I built to one of my audio amplifier projects to control the speaker output relay. The purpose of this circuit is to control the relay which turns on the speaker output relay in the audio amplifier. The idea of the circuit is wait around 5 seconds ofter the power up until the spakers are switched to the amplfier output to avoid annoying "thump" sound from the speakers. Another feeature of this circuit is that is
disconnects the speaker immdiatly when the power in the amplifier is cut off,
so avoinding sometimes nasty sounds when you turn the equipments off.

Circuit diagram

Component list

C1    100 uF 40V electrolytic
C2    100 uF 40V electrolytic
D1    1N4007
D2    1N4148
Q1    BC547
R1    33 kohm  0.25W
R2    2.2 kohm 0.25W
RELAY 24V DC relay, coil resistance >300 ohm

Circuit operation

Then power is applied to the power input of the circuit, the positive phase of AC voltage charges C1. Then C2 starts to charge slowly through R1. When the voltage in C2 rises, the emitter output voltage of Q1 rises tigether with voltage on C2. When the output voltage of Q2 is high enough (typically around 16..20V) the relay goes to on state and the relay witches connect the speakers to the amplifier output. It takes typically around 5 seconds after power up until the relay starts to condict (at absolute time depends on the size of C2, relay voltage and circuit input voltage).

When the power is switched off, C1 will loose it's energu quite quicly. Also C2 will be charged quite quicly through R2. In less than 0.5 seconds the speakers are disconnected from the amplifier output.

Notes on the circuit

This circuit is not the most accurate and elegant design, but it has worked nicely in my small homebuilt PA amplifier. This circuit can be also used in many other applications where a turn on delay of few seconds is needed. The delay time can be increased by using bigger C2 and decreased by using a smaller C2 value. Note that the delay is not very accurate because of simplicity of this circuit and large tolerance of typical electrolytic capacitors (can be -20%..+50% in some capcitors).

Design and copyright by Tomi Engdahl 1998

Toshiba-Mini-notebook

noreply@blogger.com (caramelst) — Sun, 19 Dec 2010 01:18:00 +0200

Toshiba-Mini-notebook NB255-N245:

With a 10.1" widescreen, you'll have plenty of room to enjoy your favorite websites, photos and digital entertainment on-the-go. Video-chat with friends and family around world with a convenient built-in webcam and microphone. Empower yourself to share videos, music and pictures from your PC’s media library with any compatible home entertainment network minus hassles. Toshiba ReelTime replaces old fashioned "hunt-and-click" method of finding your files with an innovative timeline or "reel.

Share files and arrange all your discs—in a flash. Thanks to a standard DVD SuperMulti optical drive you can make copies of your work and burn CDs of your photos and music mixes. Intel Pentium processor with Intel dual-core technology delivers great mobile performance, low power enhancements, and multitasking for everyday computing. Enjoy peace of mind with a standard 1-year limited warranty, featuring 7x24 toll-free telephone support, mail-in warranty service via Toshiba Depot, plus onlin
e support via Toshiba Internet website.

Toshiba laptops are also a wonderful choice for fashion conscious people too. Along with numerous features, they also look stunning and fancy.
Satellite C650-BT2N11:

stepper motor controller

noreply@blogger.com (caramelst) — Sun, 19 Dec 2010 01:12:00 +0200

stepper motor controller

component:

Part	Total Qty.	Description	Substitutions
R1, R2 ,R3, R4	4	1K 1/4W Resistor
D1, D2, D3, D4	4	1N4002 Silicon Diode
Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4	4	TIP31 NPN Transistor (See Notes)	TIP41, 2N3055
U1	1	4070 CMOS XOR Integrated Circuit
U2	1	4027 CMOS Flip-Flop
S1	1	SPDT Switch
MISC	1	Case, Board, Wire, Stepper Motor

notes

You should be able to substitute any standard (2N3055, etc.) power transistor for Q1-Q4.
Every time the STEP line is pulsed, the motor moves one step.
S1 changes the motors direction.

sos.mathimatics

noreply@blogger.com (caramelst) — Fri, 17 Dec 2010 23:40:00 +0200

sos.mathimatics

Travel Touch Alarm

noreply@blogger.com (caramelst) — Wed, 15 Dec 2010 18:40:00 +0200

Diagram circuit:

The Travel Touch Alarm can be used to:
provide a audible alarm when someone touches the door knob or handle of your hotel room.
The door knob or handle must be made of metal for the circuit to work.
The main chip in the circuit is a 555 timer which will be triggered if a hand comes close to or touches the door knob. The circuit attaches to the door knob at the end of the 1 meg ohm resistor. Once the timer is triggered the LED will light and the UJT will output a tone to the speaker.
The timer will time out in 5 seconds. The sensitivity of the trigger can be changed by changing the 1 meg ohm resistor to another value.
The 5 second time out can be adjusted by changing the value of the resistor connected between pin 8 and pin 7.
The output tone can be changed by changing the RC values on the base of the UJT.

Sun - Up Alarm

noreply@blogger.com (caramelst) — Wed, 15 Dec 2010 18:38:00 +0200

The Sun - Up Alarm can be used to:
provide a audible alarm for when the sun comes up or it can be used in a dark area and detect when a light comes on. It can also be used to detect a light beam, headlights etc.
The circuit works as follows. The phototransistor is very sensitive to light. (Any phototransistor will work fine) The sun shining on this device will provide a high to one of the NAND gates.
This will cause another NAND gate to oscillate which will drive another gate to output a 100hz tone. The transistor provides drive for the speaker.

FM Transmitter Circuit

noreply@blogger.com (caramelst) — Sat, 11 Dec 2010 23:13:00 +0200

This circuit is a simple two transistor (2N2222) FM transmitter. No license is required for this transmitter according to FCC regulations regarding wireless microphones. If powered by a 9 volt battery and used with an antenna no longer than 12 inches, the transmitter will be within the FCC limits. The microphone is amplified by Q1. Q2, C5, and L1 form an oscillator that operates in the 80 to 130 MHz range. The oscillator is voltage controlled, so it is modulated by the audio signal that is applied to the base of Q2. R6 limits the input to the RF section, and it's value can be adjusted as necessary to limit the volume of the input. L1 and C6 can be made with wire and a pencil.
The inductor (L1) is made by winding two pieces of 24 gauge insulated wire, laid side by side, around a pencil six times. Remove the coil you have formed and unscrew the two coils apart from each other. One of these coils (the better looking of the two) will be used in the tank circuit, and the other can be used in the next one you build. The antenna (24 gauge wire) should be soldered to the coil you made, about 2 turns up from the bottom, on the transistor side, and should be 8-12 inches long. To make C6, take a 4 inch piece of 24 gauge insulated wire, bend it over double and, beginning 1/2" from the open end, twist the wire as if you were forming a rope. When you have about 1" of twisted wire, stop and cut the looped end off, leaving about 1/2" of twisted wire (this forms the capacitor) and 1/2" of untwisted wire for leads.

12V Car Battery Charger

noreply@blogger.com (caramelst) — Sat, 11 Dec 2010 22:54:00 +0200

The usual chargers of battery automotive, are simple and cheap appliances that charge continuously the battery, with a rythm of few amperes, for the time where the appliance is ON. If the holder do not close in time the charger, the battery will overcharge and her electrolytic faculty are lost with evaporation or likely exists destruction of her elements. The charger of circuit exceeds these faults. It checks electronic the situation of charge of battery and it has circuit of control with retroaction, that forces the battery charge with biggest rythm until charge completely. When charge completely, it turns on one RED led (LD2).
The charger has been drawn in order to charge batteries of 12V, ONLY. What should watch it from what it manufactures the circuit, they are the cables that connect the transformer with the circuit and in the continuity the battery, should they are big cross-section, so that heat when it passes from in them the current of charge and also they do not cause fall of voltage at the way of current through them.

Adjustment
After assembling of the circuit, adjust TR1 to null value, power-up and make the following adjustments :-
[1] Without connecting the battery check that the 2 LED?s are turned on.
[2] Connect a car battery to the circuit and check that LD2 is OFF and a current (normally 2A to 4A) is flowing to the battery.
[3] Adjust TR1 until LD2 turns ON and the charge current is cut.
[4] Adjust TR1 to null value and charge the battery using the hydrometer technique (if you do not have or do
not know how to use a hydrometer, then use a good condition battery and charge).Carefully adjust TR1 so that LD2 begins to turn ON and the charge current falls to a few hundred milliamps (mA). If TR1 is set correctly then in the next round of charging you will noticed LD2 begin to flicker as the battery is being charged. When battery is completely charged, LD2 turns ON completely.TR1 does not need further adjustment anymore. Q1 is connected in line with the battery and is fired by R3, R4 and LD2. The R2, C1, TR1 and D2 sense the voltage of the battery terminal and activate Q2 when the voltage of the battery terminal exceeds the value predetermined by TR1. When an uncharged battery is connected, the terminal voltage is low. Under this circumstance, Q2 is turned OFF and Q1 is fired in each half cycle by R3, R4 and LD2. The Q1 functions as a simple rectifier and charges the battery. If the battery terminal voltage is increased above the level that had been fixed by TR1, then Q2 shifts the control of Q1 gate. This deactivates Q1 and cuts off the current supply to the battery and turns LD2 ON indicating that the charge has been completed. Q1 and bridge rectifier GR1 should be mounted on heatsinks to prevent overheating. M1 is a 5A DC ammeter to measure the charge current.

ALKALINE CHARGER

noreply@blogger.com (caramelst) — Sat, 11 Dec 2010 22:48:00 +0200

This circuit was specifically designed to recharge alkaline cells. The unusual connection of the transistor in each charging unit will cause it to oscillate, on and off, thus transferring the charge accumulated in the capacitor to the cell. The orange LED will blink for around 5 times a second for a 1.37V cell. For a totally discharged cell the blinking is faster but it will decrease until it will come to a stop when the cell is charged. You may leave the cell in the charger as it will trickle charge and keep it at around 1.6V. To set the correct voltage you have to connect a fresh, unused cell and adjust the trimmer until oscillations set in, then go back a little until no oscillation is present and the circuit is ready to operate. You should use only the specified transistors, LED colors, zener voltage and power rating because they will set the final voltage across the cell. A simple 9V charging circuit was also included: it will charge up to around 9.3V and then keep it on a trickle charge: the green LED will be off while charging and will be fully on when the battery is close to its final voltage.

A 2.5VA transformer will easily charge up to 4 cells at the same time although 2 only are shown in the schematic. In order to minimize interference from one circuit to the other they have nothing in common except the transformer and, in order to show a balanced load to the transformer, half of the charging units will use the positive sinewave and the other half the negative sinewave. Make sure to use high beta transistors such as BC337-25 or better BC337-40. Given the dispersion of the transistor parameters it might happen that oscillations do not take place. Use a slightly higher zener voltage: 7.5V instead of 6.8 or a green led in place of the orange ones.

All types of alkaline cells can be recharged: it will take 1 day for a discharged AA cell or 9V battery and up to several days for a large D type cell. The best practice is not to discharge completely the cell or battery but rather to give a short charge every so often although admittedly this is not easy to achieve. Do not attempt to recharge a totally discharged cell or a cell showing even the slightest sign of damage.

I tried successfully to recharge NiMH cells as well. Although the charging profile for these cells is quite different from alkaline cells, the circuit seems to work fine provided you do not leave them in the charger forever, because of the possibility of overcharging especially for the smaller batteries.

The mains transformer must be suited for the voltage available in each country: usually 230Vac or 115Vac.

From :: http://digilander.libero.it/bubblegate/eindex.html

CAR BATTERY TESTER

noreply@blogger.com (caramelst) — Sat, 11 Dec 2010 22:47:00 +0200

Checking the status of your car battery (accumulator) should be easier with this circuit which measures the internal resistance of the battery. Pulses generated by the 555 are used to drive a dummy load and the AC voltage which develops across the battery gives an indication of its internal resistance: the lower the voltage the healthier the battery. The AC voltage is read out by means of a digital meter connected at the output. Separate leads are used for the dummy load and for the metering circuit. They should be connected to their respective battery lugs but they should not touch each other. This avoids erroneous readings due to less than perfect contacts of the dummy load. The internal resistance depends on the battery temperature as well; this is the reason for the switch: hot means a battery (not ambient) temperature between 35 and 52 degrees Centigrade, normal is for a temperature between 16 and 34 degrees and cold is good for a temperature from -4 to 15. Beyond these ranges the reading is unreliable. The internal resistance depends also on the rated capacity of the battery. The 100 ohm potentiometer sets the battery capacity: it is rotated totally to positive for a 100Ah battery and totally to negative for a 32Ah battery. A dial with uniform markings from 32 to 100 was used in the prototype. This means we can measure internal resistance of batteries rated from 32 to 100Ah. As there are a number of smaller 12V batteries around, specially for alarm systems, a switch was introduced that, in the X1 position, will change the capacity range to 3.2 - 10Ah. The unit has six leads going out of the box: two for the dummy load, two for the metering section and two going to the digital meter. Operation is simple: set the range, temperature and battery rating, then connect the dummy load and the metering leads to the battery lugs and read the ac voltage: you should be safe if it reads below 10-12mV otherwise it is better to give the battery a good recharge and if it is still beyond 10-12mV then probably you need a new battery. A bright orange LED shows that the unit is connected and in operation.

Car Battery Alarm

noreply@blogger.com (caramelst) — Sat, 11 Dec 2010 22:43:00 +0200

circuit Car Battery Alarm
note:
the component and circuit diagram is shown above

Zinc-Carbon Battery charger

noreply@blogger.com (caramelst) — Sat, 11 Dec 2010 22:40:00 +0200

They are cheap. The electrolyte used to leak but today they are usually much better protected. If they should leak then they will corrode all the copper in your equipment. the corrosion will travel down wires and eat its way through Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs). At high temperatures (25 degrees or more) Zinc-Carbon batteries will give up to 25% more capacity but the shelf-life will deteriorate very rapidly. Around freezing point their shelf-life can be extended by as much as 300% so one tip is to store them in the refrigerator.
Unfortunately they must be thrown away when they are exhausted. You can extend their life by up to 60% by using "Dirty-DC" to recharge them but this will also reduce the shelf-life.

Ry should be about 1.5 x greater than Rx. The resistors are determined by the charging current you want. With the circuit shown and size AA cells in a pack of ten cells,
the battery voltage will be 15 volts. Discharge the battery to no less than 25%. To replace 350mA/H back into the battery over 10 hours we need to charge at 35mA.

Rx = (24 - 15 - 0.7) / (3 x 0.035) = 79 ohms
Ry = (24 - 15) / (2 x 0.035) = 128 You can also cook exhausted battery cells in the oven. About 80 degrees centigrade for five to ten minutes, no more or they may explode. This technique was demonstrated on UK TV in the series "Steptoe & Son" (h�r i Sverige i "Albert och Herbert"). I do not reccomend that you should try to sell the cells again as new batteries!
Source : http://web.telia.com/~u85920178/begin/batt-00.htm

Frost Alarm or Cold Activated Switch by IC 741

noreply@blogger.com (caramelst) — Sat, 11 Dec 2010 22:33:00 +0200

Description:
A simple thermistor triggered cold switch with adjustable threshold.

Notes:
The thermistor used has a resistance of 15k at 25 degrees and 45k at 0 degrees Celsius. A suitable bead type thermistor can be found in the Maplin catalogue. The 100k pot allows this circuit to trigger over a wide range of temperatures.

If using a different thermistor then the control should match the new thermistor at its highest resistance, or be higher in value. The op-amp in this circuit is the ubiquitous 741. It may be catalogued as LM741, CA741 etc, all types will work. In this circuit it is used as a comparator. The non-inverting input (pin 3) is biased to half the supply voltage. The non-inverting input is connected to the junction of the thermistor and potentiometer. The control is adjusted so that the circuit is on when the thermistor is at the required temperature range. Once the thermistor is outside the temperature range its resistance alters and the op-amp output changes from near full supply to around 1 or 2 volts dc. There is insufficient voltage to turn on the transistor and the relay will not energise.

A slight amount of hysteresis is provided by inclusion of the 270k resistor. This prevents rapid switching of the circuit when the temperature is near to the switching threshold.

DC Motor Control Circuit

noreply@blogger.com (caramelst) — Sat, 11 Dec 2010 22:25:00 +0200

Notes:
Here, S1 and S2 are normally open , push to close, press button switches. The diodes can be
red or green and are there only to indicate direction. You may need to alter the TIP31 transistors
depending on the motor being used. Remember, running under load draws more current. This
circuit was built to operate a small motor used for opening and closing a pair of curtains. As an
advantage over automatic closing and opening systems, you have control of how much, or how
little light to let into a room. The four diodes surriunding the motor, are back EMF diodes. They
are chosen to suit the motor. For a 12V motor drawing 1amp under load, I use 1N4001 diodes.

mechatronics vehicle

noreply@blogger.com (caramelst) — Sat, 11 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0200

how it works
when mechanical, power , communication and computer programming engineering get together
their produce mechatronics and robotics useful manner

watch this video
the team built a mechatronics vehicle run under programming

if you have acomment please write it down