cinterviews.com

What is SOAP and how does it relate to XML?

noreply@blogger.com (www.interviewhome.com) — Sat, 11 Feb 2012 18:04:00 +0000

What is SOAP and how does it relate to XML?
SOAP consists of three components: an envelope, a set of encoding rules, and a convention for representing remote procedure calls. The Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) uses XML to define a protocol for the exchange of information in distributed computing environments. Unless experience with SOAP is a direct requirement for the open position, knowing the specifics of the protocol or how it can be used in conjunction with HTTP is not as important as identifying it as a natural application of XML.

50 Android Interview Faqs

noreply@blogger.com (www.interviewhome.com) — Sat, 11 Feb 2012 18:02:00 +0000

50 Android Interview Questions Faqs

what is Android ?
What is intent?
Is 3G working?
What is an adb?
What is an action?
What is a resource?
Why to use Android?
What is sticky intent?
Why isn’t GPS working?
Is SIM PIN Code working?
What features are in a release?
What is the Android G1 Phone?
I can’t wake up my device, why?
Where can I download a release?
What are the features of Android?
Is the Headphone Socket working?
What is the Open Handset Alliance?
When will it be available in a ROM?
How do I create a new home screen?
What are the advantages of Android?
How do I turn off, or reboot Android?
Does android support jar applications?
How long does it take to build an app?
My SD Card doesn’t seem to work, why?
Explain about the exceptions of Android?
My battery doesn’t seem to last long, why?
Why is open platform good for developers?
Describe Android Application Architecture?
How to Remove Desktop icons and Widgets?
Are the Android releases available in a ROM?
Can you upgrade garminefone to android 2.2?
Explain IP datagram, Fragmentation and MTU?
How much revenue share does the developer get?
Are the Android apps first scrutinized by Google?
How do I delete my personal data from my phone?
What is the TTL (Time to Live)? Why is it required?
Why is open platform good for the mobile operators?
What innovations the OHA members strive to achieve?
What is the Mobile Application development all about?
Describe a real time scenario where android can be used?
How is nine-patch image different from a regular bitmap?
I keep hearing ‘popping/clicking’ sounds from the speaker?
Which is the Virtual Machine used to run the Android apps?
What are the differences between a domain and a workgroup?
What’s the difference between file, class and activity in android?
Why is List View not recommended to have active components?
What are the dialog boxes that are supported in android? Explain.
What language does Android support for application development?
What is needed to make a multiple choice list with a custom view for each row?
How will you record a phone call in Android? How to get a handle on Audio Stream for a call in Android?

Interview Questions on Agriculture

noreply@blogger.com (www.interviewhome.com) — Sat, 11 Feb 2012 17:54:00 +0000

Agriculture Engineer Interview Questions
Explain about the main functions of an Agricultural Engineer?
What is artificial chromosome construction?
Explain the terms: solid erosion and soil conservation?
Is it better, to kill the black alkali in the soil with gypsum?
What is “sour” soil?
What is artificial chromosome construction?
Can water from osmosis plant be used for agriculture?
Explain Albuminous and Exalbuminous seeds?
When is my compost finished?
What’s the easiest way to make compost?
Explain the Groups of Cryptogams?
What is the easiest way to make compost?
When is my compost finished?
How can you increase the yield twice in a year in the mango garden?
What is the cause of water pollution in rural areas?
What popular journal did C. V. Riley and B. D. Walsh begin in 1868?
What are greens and browns?
Explain the Absorption of Minerals and water?
What are the potential risks to non-target organisms for genetically engineered crops?
Why does compost need air and water?
John Henry Comstock’s taxonomic specialty was with what family if insects?
Why does compost need air and water?
What are greens and browns?
What are the differences between early blight and Late blight of potato?
What are the symptoms of Powdery mildew of wheat?
What is land pollution?
Explain about the chemical composition of plants?
Explain the Dispersal of seeds and Fruits?
What is the difference between winnowing and filtration?
How does leguminous crop improve the nature of soil?
What ate the chief constituents of soil?
Explain the Nitrogen of the Soil?
Talk about Pollination?
Explain the functions of Cotyledons?
What are the conditions necessary for Germination?
What is the life expectancy of a stink bug?
How to speed up decomposition?
What is a C/N ratio?
What is compost?
What is the fertilizing value of hog manure?
What is compost?
What is a C/N ratio?
How to speed up decomposition?
What is the life expectancy of a stink bug?

Funny C Interview Questions

noreply@blogger.com (www.interviewhome.com) — Sat, 11 Feb 2012 17:25:00 +0000

Funny C Interview Questions
1.Write a C program which prints Hello World! without using a semicolon?
a) #include
int main()
{if(printf("HelloWorld")){}
2. Write a small C program to determine whether a machine's type is little-endian or big-endian.?
Big endian order:-Here the “big end” (most significant value in the sequence) is stored first, at the lowest storage address. The most significant byte is stored in the leftmost position
a)#include
int main()
{
unsigned int number = 10;
char *ptr;
ptr = (char *)&number;
if(*ptr)
Printf(“little-endian \n”);
else
Printf(“big-endian \n”);
return 0;
}
3. What is the format specifiers for printf to print double and float values?
a)printf(“%lf , %f”);
%lf - double
%f - float
4. What is the difference between memcpy and memmove?
memcpy memmove
Takes 3 arguments a Void *ptr, const void *cptr , and an int n. Takes 3 arguments a Void *ptr, const void *cptr , and an int.
Copies ‘n’ characters from const void ptr cptr to void ptr ptr and returns void ptr. Copies ‘n’ characters from const void ptr cptr to void ptr ptr and returns void ptr.
Not reliable Reliable when an overlap.like objects cptr and ptr overlap.
4. Write a C program to find the smallest of three integers, without using any of the comparision operators.
a) #include
#include
int main() {
int x = 2;
int y = 1;
int z = 3;
int r;
r = y + ((x - y) & ((x - y) >> (sizeof(int) * CHAR_BIT - 1)));
r = z + ((r - z) & ((r - z) >> (sizeof(int) * CHAR_BIT - 1)));
printf("%d\n", r);
}
5.What does the format specifier %n of printf function do?
a)Tthe format specifier “ %n” will give the number of characters actually formatted in the printf
function.
Int num = 10;
Char *a= “helloworld”;
Printf(“ %3x,%n ” ,num, &a);
Printf(“%d no of bytes are formatted here into hex”,a);
6. What's the difference between the following two C statements?
const char *p;
char* const p;
a) const char *p; p is a pointer to a constant character;
b) char* const p; p is a constant character pointer;
both are same.
7. How do you print I can print % using the printf function?
a) using %% in the format specifier.
Printf(“%d %% %d” ,a ,b);
Output is a % b;
8.Whats the difference between bitwise and logical operators?
Bitwise Example:
if ((val==1)|(val==2)) printf("%d\n",val);
else printf("False");??
a)bitwise operators are operated on bits. for a bitwise OR operator, both of the left hand side and right hand side values/expressions are evaluated. then the 'evaluated values' are ORed together.
int a = 33, b = 40, c;
c = a | b;
/***********************
33 => 100001 a
40 => 101000 b
------------ OR
41 => 101001 c
***********************/
on the other hand, if expressions are used as the operands of bitwise operator OR:
int val = 2, a;
a = (val == 1) | (val == 2);
printf("%d\n", a);
then the output for the above code is always 1 if val is either 1 or 2, and the output is 0 otherwise. because, in the above case, (val == 1) is evaluated. if this is true, then (val==1) is considered 1, otherwise 0. similarly, (val == 2) is evaluated and is considered 1 or 0 depending if it is true or false. then these two 0 or 1 are ORed together.
logical operators work a little bit different way. say, the code is
(val==1) || (val==2)
the above is a logical expression, whose value is either true or false. to evaluate the above expression, first (val==1) is checked. if this is found true, then the entire expression become true and no further checking is required to check whether (val==2) or not, computer skips checking the right hand side, since they are ORed. if (val==1) is found false, then the value of the expression depends on whether (val==2) is true or false.

similarly, for logical AND operator,

(a==1) && (b==2)

first (a==1) is evaluated. if this is found false, then the entire expression become false and computer skips checking (b==2), since they are ANDed together. if (a==1) is found true, then the checking (b==2) is required to evaluate the whole expression.

so use logical operators when "if this AND that" or "if this OR that" kind of checking is required. go for the bitwise operator when u really need a new bit stream. remember, logical operators skip evaluating in certain conditions where bitwise operators always evaluate both sides.

Sample C++ Interview Questions

noreply@blogger.com (www.interviewhome.com) — Sat, 11 Feb 2012 17:23:00 +0000

C++ Interview Questions
1.Why does main function in C,C++ have parameters? What are they used for?
int main(argc, char* argv[]).
A.argc and argv are the arguments that are passed from the command line when running a program. argc is the number, argv is an array of values.
2. What is the difference between a pointer and a reference?
A.A pointer is a variable that stores the address of another variable. It must be dereferenced before it can access the value held by the other variable. A reference is an alias for another variable. It can be used the same way that the variable can (unless the reference was declared to be const).
3. What is a stream? What kinds of streams are present in standard C++?
A.A stream is an object which you can use for input or output. It accepts other objects via the insertion << or output operators >> .
A stream can be attached to a file.
An input stream can be attached to the keyboard (such as standard input, by default).
An output stream can be attached to the program console (as standard output and standard error are, by default).
A stream can also be attached to a string.
4.What is the need for istrstream,ostrstream in C++?
A. ostrstream directly writes to the strings in memory, without sending to standard output/error.
istrstream directly reads the characters from an array in memory

5. #include
int main() {
QTextStream cout(stdout);
int i = 5;
int j=6;
int* pointer = &i;
int& reference=i;
int& reference_to_pointer=(*pointer);
i = 10;
pointer = &j;
reference_to_pointer = 7;
reference_to_pointer = 8;
cout << "i=" << i << " j=" << j << endl;
}
A. I = 8, j = 6
6.What is ‘Late-Binding’,in which type of functions this occurs?
A.Virtual functions are resolved dynamically depending on the type of object during the runtime .this is called dynamic dispatch or late-binding.which occurs only in virtual functions.
Dynamic_cast operator uses the runtime information about the type of object. this is exclusively used for RunTimeTypeIdentification.
7.What is a smart pointer to the class?
A smart pointer is an object that stores a pointer to object created on heap.
int* iptr = new int;
int* jptr = new int(10);
The standard library has std::auto_ptr as smart pointer
The boost library has s hared_ptr as smart pointer.
It behaves much like an ordinary pointer except that it automatically deletes the heap object at the right time.

What is a project file? How can you produce one for your project?

noreply@blogger.com (www.interviewhome.com) — Sat, 11 Feb 2012 17:19:00 +0000

What is a project file? How can you produce one for your project? Qt interview Question
· Projects are described by the contents of project (.pro) files. The information within these is used by qmake to generate a Makefile containing all the commands that are needed to build each project.
· you only need to run qmake [ a project-oriented system for managing the build process for applications, libraries, and other components] on this project file.
· By default, qmake generates a Makefile that you use to build the project, and you can run your platform's make tool to build the project.

What does the TEMPLATE variable mean in the qmake project file?

noreply@blogger.com (www.interviewhome.com) — Sat, 11 Feb 2012 17:18:00 +0000

What does the TEMPLATE variable mean in the qmake project file? What are possible values?

TEMPLATE variable contains the name of the template to use when generating the project. The allowed values are:

# app - Creates a Makefile for building applications (the default).

# lib - Creates a Makefile for building libraries

# subdirs - Creates a Makefile for building targets in subdirectories.

# vcapp - Windows only Creates an application project for Visual Studio.

# vclib - Windows only Creates a library project for Visual Studio

What is a Makefile? How can you produce a Makefile for your project?

noreply@blogger.com (www.interviewhome.com) — Sat, 11 Feb 2012 17:17:00 +0000

What is a Makefile? How can you produce a Makefile for your project?
C++ applications are generally composed of many source files, header files, and external libraries.Keeping track of all of the parts of such a application requires a mechanism that precisely specifies the input files involved, the tools needed to build, the intermediate targets and their dependencies, and the final executable target.

The most widely used utility for handling the job of building a project is make.

make reads the details of the project specifications and the instructions for the compiler from a Makefile.

With Qt, it is not necessary to write Makefiles. Qt provides a tool called qmake to generate Makefiles.

Depending on the development environment, developers may use variants of make, such as mingw32-make, gmake, or unsermake ,nmake in MS Dev Studio.

What is MVC architecture QT?

noreply@blogger.com (www.interviewhome.com) — Sat, 11 Feb 2012 17:16:00 +0000

What is MVC architecture? How is it organized?

The MVC Architecture

MVC lies at the core of most of the programming languages.Model, View, Controller architecture, usually just called MVC.

MVC benefits include:

Isolation of business logic from the user interface

Ease of keeping code DRY

Making it clear where different types of code belong for easier maintenance

Models

A model represents the information (data) of the application and the rules to manipulate that data, In most cases, one table in your database will correspond to one model in your application. Most of the application’s business logic will be concentrated in the models.

In Qt, the standard interface for model is defined by the QAbstractItemModel class.

Views

Views represent the user interface of your application.

Views handle the job of providing data to the web browser or other tool that is used to make requests from your application.

In Qt, the standard interface for model is defined by the QAbstractItemView class.

The separation of content and presentation is achieved by the use of a standard model interface provided by QAbstractItemModel, a standard view interface provided by QAbstractItemView,

Controllers – in Qt more responsible feature (Delegates)

Controllers provide the “glue” between models and views. Generally controllers are responsible for processing the incoming requests from the web browser, interrogating the models for data, and passing that data on to the views for presentation.

In Qt, the standard interface for controlling delegates is defined in the QAbstractItemDelegate class.

Assignment operators Qt4 deep or shallow copy?

noreply@blogger.com (www.interviewhome.com) — Sat, 11 Feb 2012 17:14:00 +0000

Does assignment operators in Qt4 return deep or shallow copy?

Ans :Most objects in Qt implement copy-on-write mechanism. That means a shallow copy, this becomes a deep one as soon as you try to change it.

What is a QPointer?

noreply@blogger.com (www.interviewhome.com) — Sat, 11 Feb 2012 17:13:00 +0000

What is a QPointer?

The QPointer is a template class. QPointer .

QPointer provides guarded pointers to QObject.

QPointer label = new QLabel;

QPointer is automatically set to 0 when the referenced object is destroyed(Normal C++ pointers, will become "dangling pointers" in such cases).

T must be a subclass of QObject.

Striking features of QT?

noreply@blogger.com (www.interviewhome.com) — Sat, 11 Feb 2012 17:11:00 +0000

What are the striking features of QT?
Events and EventFilters
Metaobject system-object communication mechanism,dynamic property system
Object properties
Object Trees
Signals and Slots
UIC,MOC
QPointer(Guarded pointers)
String Translation(Internationalization)

Basic QT Tutorial

noreply@blogger.com (www.interviewhome.com) — Sat, 11 Feb 2012 17:05:00 +0000

Basic Understanding of QT/ Tutorial for QT
Qt is cross platform UI widget toolkit, but also more that that. It is extensive application development framework and suitable also for implementing non-GUI related programs.

Qt supports symbian, maemo, windowsCE mobile platforms.

Qt API is implemented in C++.bindings for other languages like python, java, ruby also exist.

Qt Cross Platform Architecture.

The implementation of qt uses the private implementation programming idiom which separates the interfaces from the platform specific changes. the application just needs to be re-complied for the target platform in the corresponding development environment.

Qt Class Library

Qt object model

Qt expands C++ with Meta Object Model, it adds the following features to c++.

• Hierarchical and query-able object trees.
• Signals and slots mechanism for object communication.
• Events, Event-Filters and Timers.
• String Translation.
• Guarded pointers.
• RTTI[Type Identification and dynamic casting]
• Discoverable object properties.

QObject hierarchy tree

• QObject is the heart of Qt object model and base class of all Qt Objects.
It provides object trees and object ownership with parent-child relationship.
• A parent owns its children, the mechanism provides memory management for object trees, but no garbage collection for other allocations.
• Parent controls the childrens visibility,but a child object can be explicitly hidden.

Object Tree

Here The top most dialog that has a layout set and a push-button that is outside the layout.
within the horizontal layout there is a label,line-edit and a push-button.

Meta –object system
Meta –object system is based on 3 things.

• QObject class
• QObject macro
• Meta object compiler

• The QObject base class has capabilities to support meta object system(connect method that connects a signal to a slot.)
• Q_OBJECT which is declared inside the private section of the class,states that it requires meta object compiler.
• Meta object compiler is executed automatically before the actual compilation,it generates the c++ code which required for the compilation process.

QApplication
QApplication is the one class that handles event loop and the main settings of an application.
No matter howmany widgets may present in an application there must exist one QApplication instance.

The responsibilities of QApplication includes

• Perform event handling.
• Manage application settings like[screen size,font,application stylesheet and many other tasks].

Events in Qt

When something of interest for the application occurs,for example
A key is pressed,
A mouse is moved,
A Network packet has arrived.

Then an event is created. It is represented as an object of the QEvent class. such as QFocusEvent.Information about the event is enclosed with in this event object.
Events are received and handled by event handlers of QObject.The actual event handler depends on the type of event that has occurred. like if the event mouse movement occurs it is handled by
mouseMoveEvent event handler.
Events are mostly created by the underlying window system but they can also be created by the developer too.The application contains an eventloop that manages and sends event to the objects they are meant for.Eventloop is started by calling the QApplication “exec” method after initilisation,in the beginning of every Qt application.typically in the main function.
Generally,no longer interaction can take place before starting this main event loop.

Signals and Slots

signals and slots offer a way to communicate between QObjects.

A Signal can be emitted by a QObject.
A Slot is a member function which can be connected to a particular slot, or can be called in response to a particluar emitted signal call.
Many predefined signals and slots exist.but subclasses can define and add their own ones.

Signature of signal should match the receiving slot.Another common way to implement observer design pattern is to declare an interface class which is then implemented by all observers.

Signals and Slots are easier to use and they dont need to implement an interface.
Signals and Slots offer loose coupling with many to many relationship by nature.it means a class which emits a signal need not know to which slot it is going to connect to.

Signals
A signal is a way to inform a possible observer that something of interest has occurred in side the observer class.
Some example are.

1.A Http request has been sent to a server and asynchronous handling of request has been finished.
QHttp emits a “requestFinished(int id,bool error)”.
2.A value of slider has been changed.
Qslider emits a valueChanged(int value) signal.
3.A Pushbutton has been clicked.
QPushButton emits a clicked(bool checked) signal.

Signals are sent using the keyword “emit”.
Signals are declared by the developer and implemented by the "moc"[meta object compiler.]

1.Signals can never have return type.[void or any return type is not allowed for signals]
2.signals can take any number of arguments.
3.Inorder to connect a signal with a slot the signature of the signal should match with the receiving slot.
And the number of arguments should be equal to the arguments of the slot.

Terminology used for Scrum

noreply@blogger.com (www.interviewhome.com) — Sat, 11 Feb 2012 16:59:00 +0000

Terminology used for Scrum

Stakeholders
Stakeholders have investment in the product being developed, but are not directly related to the development of the product. Stakeholders make up the Customer Team that provides input into the product backlog.

Product Owner
A single person who has the final authority representing the customer's interest in prioritizing and answering questions about stories. This person must be available to the team at any time, but especially during the Sprint Planning Meeting and the Sprint Review.
on-site customer and stakeholder representative are also the terms for product owner

Acceptance Test
An acceptance test is a test that verifies that the story respects the Product Owner acceptance criteria. These acceptance criteria should be included with each story as early as possible in a Sprint, or before taking the story in sprint is ideal. Using acceptance criteria is essential to confirm a team-wide understanding of each story. For teams who have automated testing setup, it is recommended to automate the acceptance test cases so that the status of the story can be verified anytime in the future by simply running its acceptance test.

Agile Modeling (AM)
Agile Modeling is a practice-based methodology for effective modeling and documentation of software-based systems. At a high level AM is a collection of best practices. At a more detailed level AM is a collection of values, principles, and practices for modeling software that can be applied on a software development project in an effective and light-weight manner.

Burn-down Charts
Burn-down Charts show work remaining over time (work remaining is the Y axis and time is the X axis).Burn-down can be charted for the story points remaining in a release (see Release Burn-down) or hours remaining in a sprint (see Sprint Burn-down). Displaying burn-down charts in the team area provides high visibility of progress to the team and its stakeholders."

Continuous Integration [CITA]
A fully automated build and test process that allows a team to build and test their software many times a day on a shared code stream.

Daily Scrum
A short daily meeting where each team members stands and answers the three questions:
1. What have I done for the sprint since the last Scrum meeting?
2. What will I do for the sprint before the next Scrum meeting?
3. What impediments are preventing me from performing work for the sprint as efficiently as possible?
All side discussions should be tabled until after the meeting.
Anyone can attend the daily scrum meeting, but the meeting should be focused on the work of the sprint team.

Epic [A Large Story]
A Story that is too large or complex to be estimated. Before scheduling for a sprint, such large stories should be broken down into smaller sub stories, some of which may also have to be broken down further. The hierarchical relationships among the sub stories that result from repeated breakdowns is valuable because it provides product context for each sub story and allows progress on the entire epic to be tracked.

Impediment
Anything that prevents a team member or the team as a whole from performing work as efficiently as possible is an impediment. The Scrum Master is typically responsible for clearing impediments.

Manifesto for Agile Software Development
We are uncovering better ways of developing software by doing it and helping others do it. Through this work we have come to value:

Operational Backlog
The Operational Backlog, or Parking Lot, is contains the work required in the product that may not have direct customer value and would not be written or represented by the customer. Examples of items in the Operational Backlog are code re-factoring or other technical debt, environmental or infrastructure setup, ongoing maintenance activities, etc. When pulling work for a sprint, balance the work in the Product Backlog with the work in the Operational Backlog.

Product Backlog
The Product Backlog is the as yet unfulfilled customer requirements, expressed as a prioritized list of stories. Although there are multiple sources of inputs to the Product Backlog, it is the sole responsibility of the Product Owner to prioritize the Product Backlog.

Pair Programming
When two team members work on a programming task together. The driver role implements the code while the navigator role identifies potential issues, enforces standards, and anticipates next steps. The team members should alternate roles frequently. Pair programming has been shown to increase quality, and thereby eventually pay for itself in future productivity. Pair programming also reduces the impact of losing a developer, because the people who paired with him/her have acquired much of his/her knowledge. Pair programming is also a valuable technique for bringing a new developer up to speed more quickly.
Potentially Shippable Product Increment
Software with sufficient quality and utility to be potentially shippable. Each sprint should deliver a potentially shippable product increment. This has two consequences
1. Quality – Untested software is not potentially shippable, so the software produced in each sprint must be fully tested.
2. Utility – Unusable software is not potentially shippable. Implementing horizontal slices of stories will lead to sprint deliveries with functionality that cannot yet be used because the slices could not be delivered for every architectural component in the same sprint. On the other hand, implementing vertical slices will make the functionality delivered by every story in every sprint potentially usable, at least for some user scenarios.

Re-factoring
Systematic transformations that change the structure of code without changing its execution behavior. It is recommended that the code being re factored is well covered by automated Unit Tests - the higher your unit test coverage, the more likely that you will discover when a re factoring inadvertently changes the behavior of an object. Re-factoring is useful for retrofitting design patterns into code when the implementation of new stories would tend to violate Once And Only Once or other design principles.

Release
The transition of a potentially shippable product increment from the development team into routine use by end customers. Releases typically happen when one or more Sprints has resulted in the product having enough value to outweigh the cost to deploy it. Releases can also be used as milestones in the development of a product - these are generally call internal releases.

Release Backlog
The Release Backlog is a subset of the Product Backlog assigned to a specific release for a specific time period. It can be represented as a line in the Product Backlog, or as a separate backlog artifact.

Release Burn-down Chart
The Release Burn-down Chart presents the progress of a release by showing how many story points of work has been done and how many are left to do in the release at the beginning of each Sprint. Note that the total number of story points in a release is not necessarily constant over the lifetime of the release.

Scrum Master
The Scrum Master is a facilitator for the team. Rather than manage the team, the Scrum Master works to assist the team in the following ways:
• Help the Product Owner drive development in order to maximize ROI.
• Facilitate team creativity and empowerment.
• Remove impediments.
• Drive improvements to the process, engineering practices and tools.
• Keep information about the team's progress up to date and visible to all parties.

Scrum of Scrums
A Scrum of Scrums is a team of compose of one or more Team Members of regular Scrum teams. The usual purpose of a Scrum of Scrums is to identify, track, and resolve dependency issues across the represented teams.

Spike
When a story cannot be accurately estimated due to a lack of knowledge (rather than sheer size like an epic), a common approach is to define a story for attaining the knowledge required to provide a good estimate. Such a story is a spike.

Sprint
An iteration of work during which a potentially shippable product increment is implemented. Currently, the recommended practice is 2-weeks.

Sprint Backlog
The set of Stories from the Product Backlog that the team has committed to complete during the Sprint.

Sprint Burn-down Chart
A Sprint Burn-down Chart depicts the total task hours remaining per day. This shows you where the team stands regarding completing the Sprint Backlog. The X-axis represents days in the Sprint, while the Y-axis is estimate hours of effort remaining.

Sprint Planning Meeting
The Sprint Planning Meeting is where the team negotiates with the Product Owner what they will commit to doing in the next Sprint.
The team generally proceeds as follows
1. Determine how many work hours each member will be available during the Sprint.
2. Select stories from the Product Backlog in the order determined by the Product Owner,
3. Break each story into tasks, and
4. Estimate how many hours it will take to complete each task,
5. Repeat steps 2 through 4 until the cumulative number of task hours gets as close to the total available work hours as the team is comfortable committing to.
Breaking the stories into tasks often requires asking the Product Owner clarifying questions. Sometimes, the team can suggest changes in which stories are selected for a sprint to the Product Owner which will make implementation easier."

Sprint Retrospective
The Sprint Retrospective is held at the end of every Sprint after the Sprint Review. The Team Members and Scrum Master meet to discuss what went well and what to improve in the next Sprint.

Sprint Review
The Sprint Review is where the Team Members demonstrate the software that they produced during the Sprint to the Product Owner and Stakeholders. Feedback is welcome, but since the meeting is usually constrained to an hour or less, detailed discussions should be tabled until after the meeting. Note that software completed days before the Sprint Review can and should be demonstrated to the Product Owner and interested Stakeholders earlier in order to be able to negotiate acceptance criteria.

Sprint Task
A Sprint Task (or Task) is a standalone unit of work needed to complete a storie, generally estimated to take between 1 and 18 hours. Team Members select their own tasks. They update the estimated number of hours remaining on each of their tasks on a daily basis. The Sprint Burndown Chart displays the sum of all the updated estimated hours each day.

Stakeholder
A Stakeholder is a person or another team who has an interest in some or all of the Stories that a team is implementing, but is not the Product Owner.

Story
A Story is a customer requirement expressed in the form: "As a , I want so that ." A story should be small enough to estimate its size, comfortably implement in a Sprint and have a single priority.

Story Points
Relative estimate of size of a Story. A recommended practice is to use Fibonacci Numbers or powers of 2 to avoid trying to estimate too finely.

Team Member
Anyone working on any Sprint Tasks. Typically includes developers, testers, documentors. Technical Debt Technical Debt is the difference between doing something the "right-way" versus getting it released quickly. This must be minimized. Minimal technical debt is the single most important factor in delivering a maintainable system. Keeping technical debt to a minimum and re-factoring (below) creates a system that is easier to change and is responsive to customer needs. Technical Debt may be prioritized in the Operational Backlog.

Test Coverage
The percentage of the code which is executed by at least one automated unit test. Usually measured as the percentages of lines of code.
Test Driven Development (TDD)
A programming technique where you:
1. Write a unit test for a class,
2. Make sure the unit test fails,
3. Write the most straight forward, principled code to make that unit test pass,
4. Repeat step 1 through 3 above until the suite of unit tests form a satisfactory specification of the class.

Unit Test
An automated test that verifies a single responsibility of a single unit of code.

Velocity
Velocity is a history-based estimate of how many Story Points a team can complete in one Sprint.
velocity is usually estimated by averaging the number of Story Points the team completed over the last several sprints. Once the velocity for a team stabilizes, the velocity can be used to forecast release and product completion dates, assuming that both the team composition and the number of story points in the releases also remain stable.

The Classic Story of the Pig and Chicken

Here
Pig roles are considered core team members. Performers. People who “do” work
The roles of both Product Owner and the Scrum-Master are considered to be pigs in the team instead of chicken.
A Chicken is someone who has something to gain by the Pigs performing, but in the end, really do not contribute day to day to “getting things done.” Their “eggs” are a renewable resource.

Stop,Start,Restarting CUPS UBUNTU

noreply@blogger.com (www.interviewhome.com) — Sat, 11 Feb 2012 16:58:00 +0000

Stop,Start,Restarting CUPS after any changes in UBUNTU and DEBIAN Based Systems

hp-setup

sudo apt-get install hplip-cups

Printing

1. Restart the cups system to see the new hpoj service by running

sudo /etc/init.d/cupsys restart

sudo /etc/init.d/cupsys stop
sudo /etc/init.d/cupsys start

Basic commands of dpkg

noreply@blogger.com (www.interviewhome.com) — Sat, 11 Feb 2012 16:52:00 +0000

Basic commands of dpkg

Debian is one of the earliest Linux distribution around. It caught the public's fancy because of the ease of installing and uninstalling applications on it. When many other linux distributions were bogged down in dependency hell, Debian users were shielded from these problems owing to Debian's superior package handling capablities using apt-get.

All Linux distributions which claim their roots in the Debian distribution use this versatile package manager. For the uninitiated, Debian uses the deb package format for bundling together files belonging to an application. You can look at it as something like a setup installer (Eg: Installshield) in windows counterpart.

Here I will explain how to go about using this package handling utility to get the results that you desire.

The first step needed to use apt-get to your advantage is including the necessary repositories. Repositories are merely collections of softwares which are stored in a public location on the internet. By including the web address of these repositories, you are directing apt-get to search these locations for the desired software. You use the /etc/apt/sources.list file to list the addresses of the repositories. It takes the following format:

deb  [web address] [distribution name][maincontribnon-free]

For example, in Ubuntu a debian based distribution, it could be something like this:

deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy main restrcted

You can add any repository you like. apt-get.org contains an excellent collection of repositories to suite all tastes.

Once you have set the repositories, the next step is to sync the local software database with the database on the repositories. This will cache a copy of the list of all the remotely available softwares to your machine. This is achieved by running the following command:

# apt-get update

An advantage of this is you now have the power to search for a particular program to see if it is available for your version of distribution using the apt-cache command. And you don't need a net connection to do this. For example,

# apt-cache search baseutils

... will tell me if the package baseutils is available in the repository or not by searching the locally cached copy of the database.

Once you have figured that the package (in our case baseutils) is available, then installing it is as simple as running the following command:

# apt-get install baseutils

The real power of apt-get is realised now. If the baseutils package depends on the availability of a version of the library say, "xyz1.5.6.so". Then apt-get will download the library (or package containing the library) from the net and install it before installing baseutils package. This is known as automatic dependency resolution.

And removing a package is as simple as running the command:

# apt-get remove baseutils

Get statistics about the packages available in the repositories by running the command :

# apt-cache stats
Total package names : 22502 (900k)
Normal packages: 17632
Pure virtual packages: 281
Single virtual packages: 1048
Mixed virtual packages: 172
Missing: 3369
...

To upgrade all the softwares on your system to the latest versions, do the following:

# apt-get upgrade

And finally the king of them all - upgrading the whole distribution to a new version can be done with the command:

# apt-get dist-upgrade

Saving valuable hard disk space

Each time you install an application using apt-get, the package is actually cached in a location on your hard disk. It is usually stored in the location /var/cache/apt/archives/ . Over a period of time, all the cached packages will eat up your valuable hard disk space. You can clear the cache and release hard disk space by using the following command:

# apt-get clean

You could also use autoclean where in, only those packages in the cache which are found useless or partially complete are deleted.

# apt-get autoclean

dpkg - The low level Package management utility

As I said earlier, Debian based distributions use the Deb package format. Usually normal users like you and me are shielded from handling individual deb packages. But if you fall into a situation where you have to install a deb package you use the dpkg utility.

Lets assume I have a deb package called gedit-2.12.1.deb and I want to install it on my machine. I do it using the following command:

# dpkg -i gedit-2.12.1.deb

To remove an installed package, run the command:

# dpkg -r gedit

The main thing to note above is I have used only the name of the program and not the version number while removing the software.

You may also use the --purge (-P) flag for removing software.

# dpkg -P gedit

This will remove gedit along with all its configuration files. Where as -r (--remove) does not delete the configuration files.

Now lets say I do not want to actually install a package but want to see the contents of a Deb package. This can be achieved using the -c flag:

# dpkg -c gedit-2.12.1.deb

To get more information about a package like the authors name,the year in which it was compiled and a short description of its use, you use the -I flag:

# dpkg -I gedit-2.12.1.deb

You can even use wild cards to list the packages on your machine. For example, to see all the gcc packages on your machine, do the following:

# dpkg -l gcc*

Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
Status=Not/Installed/Config-files/Unpacked/Failed-config/.
/ Err?=(none)/Hold/Reinst-required/X=both-problems
/ Name            Version        Description
+++-===============-==============-========================
ii  gcc             4.0.1-3        The GNU C compiler
ii  gcc-3.3-base    3.3.6-8ubuntu1 The GNU Compiler Colletio
un  gcc-3.5         none          (no description available)
un  gcc-3.5-base    none          (no description available)
un  gcc-3.5-doc     none          (no description available)
ii  gcc-4.0         4.0.1-4ubuntu9 The GNU C compiler
...

In the above listing, the first 'i' denotes desired state which is install. The second 'i' denotes the actual state ie gcc is installed. The third column gives the error problems if any. The fourth, fifth and sixth column gives the name, version and description of the packages respectively. And gcc-3.5 is not installed on my machine. So the status is given as 'un' which is unknown not-installed.

To check if an individual package is installed, you use the status -s flag:

# dpkg -s gedit

Two days back, I installed beagle (a real time search tool based on Mono) on my machine. But I didn't have a clue about the location of the files as well as what files were installed along with beagle. That was when I used the -L option to get a list of all the files installed by the beagle package.

# dpkg -L beagle

Even better, you can combine the above command with grep to get a listing of all the html documentation of beagle.

# dpkg -L beagle | grep html$

These are just a small sample of the options you can use with dpkg utility. To know more about this tool, check its man page.

If you are alergic to excessive command line activities, then you may also use dselect which is a curses based menu driven front-end to the low level dpkg utility.

dpkg -S | --search filename-search-pattern ...
Search for a filename from installed packages. All standard shell wildchars can be used in the pattern.

dpkg -p|--print-avail package
Display details about package, as found in /var/lib/dpkg/available.

dpkg --update-avail | --merge-avail Packages-file
Update dpkg's and dselect's idea of which packages are available. With action --merge-avail, old information is combined with information from Packages-file. With action --update-avail, old information is replaced with the information in the Packages-file. The Packages-file distributed with Debian GNU/Linux is simply named Packages. dpkg keeps its record of available packages in /var/lib/dpkg/available.

dpkg -A | --record-avail package_file ...
Update dpkg and dselect's idea of which packages are available with information from the package package_file. If --recursive or -R option is specified, package_file must refer to a directory instead.

dpkg -l | --list package-name-pattern ...
List packages matching given pattern. If no package-name-pattern is given, list all packages in /var/lib/dpkg/available. Normal shell wildchars are allowed in package-name-pattern. (You will probably have to quote package-name-pattern to prevent the shell from performing filename expansion. For example, dpkg -l 'libc5*' will list all the package names starting with "libc5".)

dpkg -s | --status package-name ...
Report status of specified package. This just displays the entry in the installed package status database.

Get a list of everything you've installed?
dpkg -l '*'

List each available package whose name matches thunderbird.
# apt-cache pkgnames | grep thunderbird

"dpkg --force-help" is your friend.

Black Box Testing Regression

noreply@blogger.com (www.interviewhome.com) — Sat, 11 Feb 2012 16:49:00 +0000

Black Box Testing Regression

Regression testing is a style of testing that focuses on retesting after changes are made.

In traditional regression testing, we reuse the same tests (the regression tests). In risk-oriented regression testing, we test the same areas as before, but we use different (increasingly complex) tests. Traditional regression tests are often partially automated. These note focus on traditional regression.

Regression testing attempts to mitigate two risks:

A change that was intended to fix a bug failed.
Some change had a side effect, unfixing an old bug or introducing a new bug.

In addition, proponents of traditional regression testing argue that retesting is a measurement or control process, a means of assuring that the program is as stable as it was previously.
Regression testing approaches differ in their focus. Common examples include:

Bug regression: We retest a specific bug that has been allegedly fixed.
Old fix regression testing: We retest several old bugs that were fixed, to see if they are back. (This is the classical notion of regression: the program has regressed to a bad state.)
General functional regression: We retest the product broadly, including areas that worked before, to see whether more recent changes have destabilized working code.(This is the typical scope of automated regression testing.)
Conversion or port testing: The program is ported to a new platform and a subset of the regression test suite is run to determine whether the port was successful. (Here, the main changes of interest might be in the new platform, rather than the modified old code.)
Configuration testing: The program is run with a new device or on a new version of the operating system or in conjunction with a new application. This is like port testing except that the underlying code hasn't been changed--only the external components that the software under test must interact with.
Localization testing: The program is modified to present its user interface in a different language and/or following a different set of cultural rules. Localization testing may involve several old tests (some of which have been modified to take into account the new language) along with several new (non-regression) tests.
Smoke testing also known as build verification testing:A relatively small suite of tests is used to qualify a new build. Normally, the tester is asking whether any components are so obviously or badly broken that the build is not worth testing or some components are broken in obvious ways that suggest a corrupt build or some critical fixes that are the primary intent of the new build didn't work. The typical result of a failed smoke test is rejection of the build (testing of the build stops) not just a new set of bug reports.

Any test can be reused, and so any test can become a regression test. Regression testing naturally combines with all other test techniques. The essence of regression testing is exposure of problems that shouldn't be there, either because they were exterminated before or they weren't in the product the last time(s) it was tested.

The following examples illustrate the use of regression tests:
* Removing Form Data in FireFox and FireBird
* Reappearance/Mutation of Buffer Overflow in ID3v2 tags
* Reappearance of a WinAmp ID3 HTML Bug

Terminology in Android OS

noreply@blogger.com (www.interviewhome.com) — Sat, 11 Feb 2012 16:41:00 +0000

Terminology in Android OS

.apk file

Android application package file. Each Android application is compiled and packaged in a single file that includes all of the application's code (.dex files), resources, assets, and manifest file. The application package file can have any name but must use the .apk extension. For example: myExampleAppname.apk. For convenience, an application package file is often referred to as an ".apk".

Related: Application.

.dex file

Compiled Android application code file.

Android programs are compiled into .dex (Dalvik Executable) files, which are in turn zipped into a single .apk file on the device. .dex files can be created by automatically translating compiled applications written in the Java programming language.

Action

A description of something that an Intent sender wants done. An action is a string value assigned to an Intent. Action strings can be defined by Android or by a third-party developer. For example, android.intent.action.VIEW for a Web URL, or com.example.rumbler.SHAKE_PHONE for a custom application to vibrate the phone.

Related: Intent.

Activity

A single screen in an application, with supporting Java code, derived from the Activity class. Most commonly, an activity is visibly represented by a full screen window that can receive and handle UI events and perform complex tasks, because of the Window it uses to render its window. Though an Activity is typically full screen, it can also be floating or transparent.

adb

Android Debug Bridge, a command-line debugging application included with the SDK. It provides tools to browse the device, copy tools on the device, and forward ports for debugging. If you are developing in Eclipse using the ADT Plugin, adb is integrated into your development environment. See Android Debug Bridge for more information.

Application

From a component perspective, an Android application consists of one or more activities, services, listeners, and intent receivers. From a source file perspective, an Android application consists of code, resources, assets, and a single manifest. During compilation, these files are packaged in a single file called an application package file (.apk).

Related: .apk, Activity

Canvas

A drawing surface that handles compositing of the actual bits against a Bitmap or Surface object. It has methods for standard computer drawing of bitmaps, lines, circles, rectangles, text, and so on, and is bound to a Bitmap or Surface. Canvas is the simplest, easiest way to draw 2D objects on the screen. However, it does not support hardware acceleration, as OpenGL ES does. The base class is Canvas.

Related: Drawable, OpenGL ES.

Content Provider

A data-abstraction layer that you can use to safely expose your application's data to other applications. A content provider is built on the ContentProvider class, which handles content query strings of a specific format to return data in a specific format. See Content Providers topic for more information.

Related: URI Usage in Android

Dalvik

The Android platform's virtual machine. The Dalvik VM is an interpreter-only virtual machine that executes files in the Dalvik Executable (.dex) format, a format that is optimized for efficient storage and memory-mappable execution. The virtual machine is register-based, and it can run classes compiled by a Java language compiler that have been transformed into its native format using the included "dx" tool. The VM runs on top of Posix-compliant operating systems, which it relies on for underlying functionality (such as threading and low level memory management). The Dalvik core class library is intended to provide a familiar development base for those used to programming with Java Standard Edition, but it is geared specifically to the needs of a small mobile device.

DDMS

Dalvik Debug Monitor Service, a GUI debugging application included with the SDK. It provides screen capture, log dump, and process examination capabilities. If you are developing in Eclipse using the ADT Plugin, DDMS is integrated into your development environment. See Using DDMS to learn more about the program.

Dialog

A floating window that that acts as a lightweight form. A dialog can have button controls only and is intended to perform a simple action (such as button choice) and perhaps return a value. A dialog is not intended to persist in the history stack, contain complex layout, or perform complex actions. Android provides a default simple dialog for you with optional buttons, though you can define your own dialog layout. The base class for dialogs is Dialog.

Related: Activity.

Drawable

A compiled visual resource that can be used as a background, title, or other part of the screen. A drawable is typically loaded into another UI element, for example as a background image. A drawable is not able to receive events, but does assign various other properties such as "state" and scheduling, to enable subclasses such as animation objects or image libraries. Many drawable objects are loaded from drawable resource files — xml or bitmap files that describe the image. Drawable resources are compiled into subclasses of android.graphics.drawable. For more information about drawables and other resources, see Resources.

Related: Resources, Canvas

Intent

An message object that you can use to launch or communicate with other applications/activities asynchronously. An Intent object is an instance of Intent. It includes several criteria fields that you can supply, to determine what application/activity receives the Intent and what the receiver does when handling the Intent. Available criteria include include the desired action, a category, a data string, the MIME type of the data, a handling class, and others. An application sends an Intent to the Android system, rather than sending it directly to another application/activity. The application can send the Intent to a single target application or it can send it as a broadcast, which can in turn be handled by multiple applications sequentially. The Android system is responsible for resolving the best-available receiver for each Intent, based on the criteria supplied in the Intent and the Intent Filters defined by other applications. For more information, see Intents and Intent Filters.

Intent Filter

A filter object that an application declares in its manifest file, to tell the system what types of Intents each of its components is willing to accept and with what criteria. Through an intent filter, an application can express interest in specific data types, Intent actions, URI formats, and so on. When resolving an Intent, the system evaluates all of the available intent filters in all applications and passes the Intent to the application/activity that best matches the Intent and criteria. For more information, see Intents and Intent Filters.

Related: Intent, Broadcast Receiver.

Broadcast Receiver

An application class that listens for Intents that are broadcast, rather than being sent to a single target application/activity. The system delivers a broadcast Intent to all interested broadcast receivers, which handle the Intent sequentially.

Related: Intent, Intent Filter.

Layout Resource

An XML file that describes the layout of an Activity screen.

Related: Resources

Manifest File

An XML file that each application must define, to describe the application's package name, version, components (activities, intent filters, services), imported libraries, and describes the various activities, and so on. See The AndroidManifest.xml File for complete information.

Nine-patch / 9-patch / Ninepatch image

A resizeable bitmap resource that can be used for backgrounds or other images on the device. See Nine-Patch Stretchable Image for more information.

Related: Resources.

OpenGL ES

Android provides OpenGL ES libraries that you can use for fast, complex 3D images. It is harder to use than a Canvas object, but better for 3D objects. Theandroid.opengl and javax.microedition.khronos.opengles packages expose OpenGL ES functionality.

Related: Canvas, Surface

Resources

Nonprogrammatic application components that are external to the compiled application code, but which can be loaded from application code using a well-known reference format. Android supports a variety of resource types, but a typical application's resources would consist of UI strings, UI layout components, graphics or other media files, and so on. An application uses resources to efficiently support localization and varied device profiles and states. For example, an application would include a separate set of resources for each supported local or device type, and it could include layout resources that are specific to the current screen orientation (landscape or portrait). For more information about resources, see Resources and Assets. The resources of an application are always stored in the res/* subfolders of the project.

Service

An object of class Service that runs in the background (without any UI presence) to perform various persistent actions, such as playing music or monitoring network activity.

Related: Activity

Surface

An object of type Surface representing a block of memory that gets composited to the screen. A Surface holds a Canvas object for drawing, and provides various helper methods to draw layers and resize the surface. You should not use this class directly; use SurfaceView instead.

Related: Canvas

SurfaceView

A View object that wraps a Surface for drawing, and exposes methods to specify its size and format dynamically. A SurfaceView provides a way to draw independently of the UI thread for resource-intensive operations (such as games or camera previews), but it uses extra memory as a result. SurfaceView supports both Canvas and OpenGL ES graphics. The base class is SurfaceView.

Related: Surface

Theme

A set of properties (text size, background color, and so on) bundled together to define various default display settings. Android provides a few standard themes, listed in R.style (starting with "Theme_").

URIs in Android

Android uses URI strings as the basis for requesting data in a content provider (such as to retrieve a list of contacts) and for requesting actions in an Intent (such as opening a Web page in a browser). The URI scheme and format is specialized according to the type of use, and an application can handle specific URI schemes and strings in any way it wants. Some URI schemes are reserved by system components. For example, requests for data from a content provider must use thecontent://. In an Intent, a URI using an http:// scheme will be handled by the browser.

View

An object that draws to a rectangular area on the screen and handles click, keystroke, and other interaction events. A View is a base class for most layout components of an Activity or Dialog screen (text boxes, windows, and so on). It receives calls from its parent object (see viewgroup, below)to draw itself, and informs its parent object about where and how big it would like to be (which may or may not be respected by the parent). For more information, see View.

Related: Viewgroup, Widget

Viewgroup

A container object that groups a set of child Views. The viewgroup is responsible for deciding where child views are positioned and how large they can be, as well as for calling each to draw itself when appropriate. Some viewgroups are invisible and are for layout only, while others have an intrinsic UI (for instance, a scrolling list box). Viewgroups are all in the widget package, but extend ViewGroup.

Related: View

One of a set of fully implemented View subclasses that render form elements and other UI components, such as a text box or popup menu. Because a widget is fully implemented, it handles measuring and drawing itself and responding to screen events. Widgets are all in the android.widget package.

Window

In an Android application, an object derived from the abstract class Window that specifies the elements of a generic window, such as the look and feel (title bar text, location and content of menus, and so on). Dialog and Activity use an implementation of this class to render a window. You do not need to implement this class or use windows in your application.

InterProcess Communication Symbian

noreply@blogger.com (www.interviewhome.com) — Sat, 11 Feb 2012 16:39:00 +0000

Inter-Process Communication (IPC) in Symbian

In Symbian for IPC there are majorly three mechanisms.

client–server

publish and subscribe and

message queues,

Now we shall understand the publish and subscribe method of IPC.

The publish and subscribe mechanism was created to provide asynchronous multicast event notification, and to allow for connectionless communication between threads.

Basically publish and subscribe is good for notification of state changes and to subscribe to them

Subscribe – to get the changes the system wide properties.

Impose Platform security by protecting properties against malicious manipulation

Publish and subscribe and platform security

From Symbian OS v9 processes are partitioned so that one process cannot interfere with the property

of another process.

Publish and subscribe provides a means to define and publish changes

to system-wide global variables known as ‘‘properties’’.

Changes to the properties can be ‘published to more than one interested subscriber asynchronously.

Properties are data values “ uniquely identified by a 64-bit integer”.

Properties are the only information that must be shared between a publisher and a subscriber

Once a property has been defined, it will persist in the kernel until it is deleted explicitly or the system reboots. The property’s lifetime is not linked to that of the defining thread or process

A property is published by calling Set()API. This api writes a new value atomically to the property, facilitating the access by multiple threads.

Subscribers do not need to know which component is publishing to a property,

But only identity of the property which is of its interest.

Publishers and subscribers do not need any hard connections.

joining and leaving without any connection is possible in Publish and subscribe.

Before accepting a subscription to a property,

1. The security policy is checked which was defined when the property was created initially

2. The subscription request only completes if the check fails or succeeds.

Conclusion:--

Publish and subscribe IPC mechanism should be used when a component needs

to supply or consume timely and atomic information to or from an unknown number of interested parties, while maintaining loose coupling.

Bluetooth-radio on/off

WiFi - on/off

flight-mode

MeeGo Mobile platform Architecture

noreply@blogger.com (www.interviewhome.com) — Sat, 11 Feb 2012 16:35:00 +0000

MeeGo Mobile platform Architecture

MeeGo Architecture

MeeGo Software Architecture Overview

The MeeGo platform has been carefully created to provide the components necessary for the best device user experience. As shown in the MeeGo Reference Architecture Overview diagram below, the MeeGo architecture is divided into three layers:

* The MeeGo OS Base layer contains the Linux kernel and core services along with the Hardware Adaptation Software required to adapt MeeGo to support various hardware architectures.
* The MeeGo OS Middleware layer provides a hardware and usage model independent API for building both native applications and web run time applications.
* The MeeGo User Experience layer provides reference user experiences for multiple platform segments; the initial MeeGo release will contain reference user experiences for handhelds and netbooks and additional platform segments will be supported over time.

MeeGo OS Base
Hardware Adaptation Software

There are multiple software components that a hardware vendor must provide for MeeGo to run successfully on their platform architecture, including platform kernel drivers, core architecture additions, kernel configuration, X software additions and configuration, modem support, and hardware specific media components. You can learn more about the hardware enabling process here. These specific software components are called the hardware adaptation software and are detailed below.
Kernel

The kernel is the heart of Linux, and acts as the bridge between applications and the actual data processing done at the hardware level. There are three general categories of additions that MeeGo requires for each supported hardware platform.

* Kernel Drivers: This is the set of software drivers needed to interact with the hardware device. Some examples are drivers for wireless, camera, USB, 3G, Bluetooth, and touchscreen.
* Core Architecture Additions: These are additional packages added to the Kernel to enable certain architecture features. An example would be firmware.
* Kernel Configuration File: This file determines the options needed to get the hardware device working properly. This configuration file is in addition to the general kernel configuration file that is provided within MeeGo, and is specific to the hardware vendor platform. This file details the specific configurations required for the specific device. Examples include device architecture, processor type, device driver configuration options, network support, and kernel debugging options.

X Window System

The X Window System (also known as X11 or simply X) provides the graphical interface and the basic framework for building this interface. There are two general categories of X additions that MeeGo requires for each supported hardware platform.

* Core Architecture Additions: These are additional packages to be added to X to enable certain architecture features. Examples include the graphics controller, display, and acceleration.
* X Configuration file: This file provides configuration and runtime parameters for initializing the X windows system. If there are hardware-specific configuration options required for the X windows system, these details must be added and supplied to the specific hardware platform X configuration file. Examples include the display output and resolution.

Miscellaneous

* Bootloader: The bootloader program's only job is to perform the necessary initializations to prepare the hardware for the operating system, and it contains board- and/or processor-specific code. The bootloader provides the necessary glue between the firmware and the kernel.
* Image Device Format Tool: This provides the details on how to write an image for a specific device. It is a tool used to create a device executable in the appropriate device format.
* Modem Support: telephony framework plug-ins for specific cellular modems
* Hardware-Specific Media Codecs: Codecs that are hardware specific (such as codecs with hardware assist/offload)

MeeGo Kernel

MeeGo uses a Linux kernel from kernel.org, with architecture specific configuration and patches (as needed). Drivers are provided for each supported platform.

Qt

Qt provides application developers with the functionality to build applications with state-of-the-art graphical user interfaces. Qt is fully object-oriented, easily extensible, and allows true component programming.

Component(s): QtGui, QtCore, QtDBus, QtMultimedia, QtNetwork, QtOpenGL, QtScript, QtSql, QtSvg, QtWebKit, QtXml, Qt3Support, QtDeclarative, QtHelp, QtScriptTools, QtTest, QtXmlPattern

First Interview Tips Tricks

noreply@blogger.com (www.interviewhome.com) — Fri, 10 Feb 2012 04:03:00 +0000

First Interview Tips Tricks
You need to go before the schedule time of interview , do not go to the interview late. Make sure you be there before 10 minutes of the scheduled time.
Wear a tie and Iron the shirt properly interviewers should not see any wrinkles on the dress it should be neat and professional, dressing code is always a must wear shoes.
When you are called inside the interview room do not go directly , knock the door and ask for permission to come inside.
Do not sit until they say , if you do that then they will think that you do not know manners. Shake hands will all of them and then take your position.
Sit on a proper position , keep the back straight and keep the hands on the table , its better you keep the hands on your lap.
Listen to the questions and answer perfectly to the point.
Always show a positive attitude on learning new things and do not blink on anything. Always be confident.
Keep your resume, certificates in a proper order so that the interviewer can view it easily.

Finance Interview questions Faqs

noreply@blogger.com (www.interviewhome.com) — Fri, 10 Feb 2012 03:59:00 +0000

Finance Interview questions Faqs

1) Difference between long term loan and long term debt?

2) Explain liquidity ratios?

3)Types of Depriciation?

4) Define Authorized Capital?

5) Define Dividend and its types?

6) What do you mean fundamental analysis?

7) Explain the meaning of options and derivatives?

8 ) Which Stock Exchange belongs to which country? a) NIKKEI b) DOW C) NYSE

9) What is a Mutual Fund and what does AMC stand for?

10) Difference between Bear and Bull Markets?

11) Explain RONA?

12) What can you find in a P&L Account?

13) What do you mean by IPO and define face value of a share?

14) Difference between Mergers and Acquisitions?

15) Define some GAAP accounting priniciples?

16) Describe NASDAQ?

17) What does a call and a put option mean?

18) What is amalgamation?

19) Explain European Markets?

20) Define a) Networth b) Preference capital c) debenture d) Treasury Bills e) Hedging

21) Who is called a lameduck in a stock exchange?

22) Reduce budget by 10%. Which criteria should be used to identify budget reductions?

23) What is IRR and Discounted cashflow?

what is use case diagram?

noreply@blogger.com (www.interviewhome.com) — Fri, 10 Feb 2012 02:45:00 +0000

Can you tell me what a use case diagram? Business Analyst Interview

Ans: First of all a use case diagram is a part of UML and it is a behavioral digram which is created from a use case analysis. The main reason or use of this use case diagram is it defines the functions of the module or system and the role of each actor associated to that function.

For Eg: "Order Management" is a main function, and the person who receives the order in the office is an actor.

Documents Business Analyst deliver?

noreply@blogger.com (www.interviewhome.com) — Fri, 10 Feb 2012 02:44:00 +0000

What are the documents that a Business Analyst needs to deliver?
Ans: Well there are some important documents such as "functional specification documents, technical specification documents, Requirements traceability, BRD (business requirements document), Use case diagrams, Business flow, etc..

Common tools used by business Analyst?

noreply@blogger.com (www.interviewhome.com) — Fri, 10 Feb 2012 02:42:00 +0000

What are the common tools that are used by a business Analyst?
Ans: Rational tools, MS Visio, MS word, MS Excel, Power point, Quality center/test director MS Project, And there may be some tools which are project and client specific which you do not have to worry. etc..

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what is use case diagram?

Documents Business Analyst deliver?

Common tools used by business Analyst?

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