<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1651526912850569918</id><updated>2024-09-19T09:53:24.586-07:00</updated><category term="eletrotécnica"/><category term="automação"/><category term="eletrônica"/><category term="motores"/><category term="esquemático"/><category term="downloads"/><category term="Instrumentação"/><category term="curiosidades"/><title type='text'>Shock Insano</title><subtitle type='html'>Onde a curiosidade ultrapassa os limites de razão.</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default?start-index=26&amp;max-results=25&amp;redirect=false'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>38</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1651526912850569918.post-8641727129212960901</id><published>2013-06-02T12:46:00.004-07:00</published><updated>2013-06-02T12:46:38.583-07:00</updated><title type='text'>ACIONAMENTOS ELÉTRICOS DIMENCIONAMENTO DE CONDUTORES</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRf-1w0KmZkVHeGwYzVarNhpWn79O6O4yBIAP363yX5XZMwid6ObO8LsBPFNa7gzgZbSj2wSafEDApBYxA3mOQZc49r6UZsqV7sTLCOu747iH5jfY4yKtzcyN4dN8VlXU8wjFbwqdIkjvc/s1600/transistor.gif&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;234&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRf-1w0KmZkVHeGwYzVarNhpWn79O6O4yBIAP363yX5XZMwid6ObO8LsBPFNa7gzgZbSj2wSafEDApBYxA3mOQZc49r6UZsqV7sTLCOu747iH5jfY4yKtzcyN4dN8VlXU8wjFbwqdIkjvc/s320/transistor.gif&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Video sobre eletrônica básica&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;u&gt;.&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;obs: esse video foi feito para explicar o funcionamento do arduino porém ele explica o funcionameneto do Transistor&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;u&gt;Comece a assistir a partir de 15:58&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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o video termina no final da página&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1651526912850569918&quot; name=&quot;2. O Transistor Bipolar&quot;&gt;O Transístor Bipolar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;O principio do transístor é poder controlar a corrente. Ele é montado numa estrutura de cristais semicondutores, de modo a formar duas camadas de cristais do mesmo tipo intercaladas por uma camada de cristal do tipo oposto, que controla a passagem de corrente entre as outras duas. Cada uma dessas camadas recebe um nome em relação à sua função na operação do transístor, As extremidades são chamadas de&amp;nbsp;&lt;u&gt;emissor&lt;/u&gt;&amp;nbsp;e&amp;nbsp;&lt;u&gt;colector&lt;/u&gt;, e a camada central é chamada de&amp;nbsp;&lt;u&gt;base&lt;/u&gt;. Os aspectos construtivos simplificados e os símbolos eléctricos dos transístores são mostrados na figura abaixo. Observe que há duas possibilidade de implementação.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;153&quot; src=&quot;http://www.arvm.org/exames/gif/trans1.gif&quot; width=&quot;298&quot; /&gt;O transístor da esquerda é chamado de&amp;nbsp;&lt;u&gt;NPN&lt;/u&gt;&amp;nbsp;e o outro de&amp;nbsp;&lt;u&gt;PNP&lt;/u&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;O transístor é hermeticamente fechado em um encapsulamento plástico ou metálico de acordo com as suas propriedades eléctricas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoRzz111_iMFfeI7gp246GY3ZSuBZgA16nkpEM2r6ooCrDdx2Dfsn-_zlByDFOOEnhArQ4cs0JZesYagYy80NlaDvjbHGdsTj_WkvBiPjfi-Fa9Edky-1HeGFNR5T_yIw_Kq9ecdi27j0R/s1600/labelled-transistor.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;138&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoRzz111_iMFfeI7gp246GY3ZSuBZgA16nkpEM2r6ooCrDdx2Dfsn-_zlByDFOOEnhArQ4cs0JZesYagYy80NlaDvjbHGdsTj_WkvBiPjfi-Fa9Edky-1HeGFNR5T_yIw_Kq9ecdi27j0R/s200/labelled-transistor.jpg&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1651526912850569918&quot; name=&quot;2.1 - Características Construtivas&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;2.1 - Características Construtivas&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;O emissor é fortemente dopado, com grande número de portadores de carga. O nome emissor vem da propriedade de emitir portadores de carga.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;A base tem uma dopagem média e é muito fina, não conseguindo absorver todos os portadores emitidos pelo emissor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;O colector tem uma dopagem leve e é a maior das camadas, sendo o responsável pela colecta dos portadores vindos do emissor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Da mesma forma que nos diodos, são formadas barreiras de potencial nas junções das camadas P e N.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;O comportamento básico dos transístores em circuitos electrónicos é fazer o controle da passagem de corrente entre o emissor e o colector através da base. Para isto é necessário polarizar correctamente as junções do transístor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1651526912850569918&quot; name=&quot;3. Funcionamento&quot;&gt;3. Funcionamento&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;u&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Polarizando directamente a junção base-emissor e inversamente a junção base-coletor, a corrente de colector&amp;nbsp;I&lt;sub&gt;C&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;passa a ser controlada pela corrente de base&amp;nbsp;I&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;180&quot; src=&quot;http://www.arvm.org/exames/gif/trans2.gif&quot; width=&quot;264&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Um aumento na corrente de base&amp;nbsp;I&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;provoca um aumento na corrente de colector&amp;nbsp;I&lt;sub&gt;C&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;e vice-versa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;A corrente de base sendo bem menor que a corrente de colector, uma pequena variação de&amp;nbsp;I&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;provoca uma grande variação de&amp;nbsp;I&lt;sub&gt;C&lt;/sub&gt;, Isto significa que a variação de corrente de colector é um reflexo amplificado da variação da corrente na base.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;O fato do transístor possibilitar a amplificação de um sinal faz com que ele seja considerado um dispositivo dativo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Este efeito amplificação, denominado ganho de corrente pode ser expresso matematicamente pela relação entre a variação de corrente do colector e a variação da corrente de base , isto é:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;38&quot; src=&quot;http://www.arvm.org/exames/gif/trans3.gif&quot; width=&quot;96&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1651526912850569918&quot; name=&quot;3.1 - Tensões e Correntes nos Transistores NPN e PNP&quot;&gt;3.1 - Tensões e Correntes nos Transístores NPN e PNP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;i&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;198&quot; src=&quot;http://www.arvm.org/exames/gif/trans4.gif&quot; width=&quot;286&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Aplicando as leis de Kirchoff obtemos:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;I&lt;sub&gt;E&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= I&lt;sub&gt;C&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;+ I&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;NPN:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;V&lt;sub&gt;CE&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= V&lt;sub&gt;BE&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;+ V&lt;sub&gt;CB&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;PNP:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;V&lt;sub&gt;EC&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= V&lt;sub&gt;EB&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;+ V&lt;sub&gt;BC&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1651526912850569918&quot; name=&quot;4 - Classificação dos Transistores&quot;&gt;4 - Classificação dos Transístores&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Os primeiros transístores eram dispositivos simples destinados a operarem apenas com correntes de baixa intensidade, sendo, portanto, quase todos iguais nas principais características. Com o passar dos anos, ocorreram muitos aperfeiçoamentos nos processos de fabricação que levaram os fabricantes a produzirem transístores capazes de operar não só com pequenas correntes mas também com correntes elevadas, o mesmo acontecendo com às tensões e até mesmo com a velocidade.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;O estudo das características principais é efectuado por famílias (grupo de transístores com características semelhantes), que são:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;width: 512px;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;67&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Uso Geral&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;441&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Pequenos Sinais&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Baixas Frequências&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Correntes I&lt;sub&gt;C&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;entre 20 e 500mA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Tensão máxima entre 10 e 80 V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Frequência de transição entre 1 Hz e 200 MHz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;67&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Potência&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;441&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Correntes elevadas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Baixas frequências&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Correntes I&lt;sub&gt;C&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;inferior a 15&lt;sup&gt;A&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Frequência de transição entre 100 kHz e 40 MHz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Uso de radiadores de calor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;67&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;RF&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;441&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Pequenos sinais&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Frequência elevada&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Correntes I&lt;sub&gt;C&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;inferior a 200mA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Tensão máxima entre 10 e 30V;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Frequência de transição em 1,5 GHz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1651526912850569918&quot; name=&quot;5 - Configurações Básicas&quot;&gt;5 - Configurações Básicas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;u&gt;
&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Os transístores podem ser utilizados em três configurações básicas:&amp;nbsp;Base Comum (BC), Emissor comum (EC), e Coletor comum (CC).&amp;nbsp;O termo comum significa que o terminal é comum a entrada e a saída do circuito.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;250&quot; src=&quot;http://www.arvm.org/exames/gif/trans5.gif&quot; width=&quot;174&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;5.1 - Configuração BC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;i&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Ganho de tensão elevado&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Ganho de corrente menor que 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Ganho de potência intermediário&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Impedância de entrada baixa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Impedância de saída alta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Não ocorre inversão de fase&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;5.2 - Configuração CC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;i&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Ganho de tensão menor que 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Ganho de corrente elevado;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Ganho de potência intermediário&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Impedância de entrada alta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Impedância de saída baixa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Não ocorre a inversão de fase.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;5.3 Configuração EC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;i&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Ganho de tensão elevado&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Ganho de corrente elevado&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Ganho de potência elevado&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Impedância de entrada baixa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Impedância de saída alta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Ocorre a inversão de fase.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Esta configuração é a mais utilizada em circuitos transistorizados. Por isso, os diversos parâmetros dos transistores fornecidos pelos manuais técnicos têm como referência a configuração emissor comum.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Podemos trabalhar com a chamada curva característica de entrada. Nesta curva, para cada valor constante de&amp;nbsp;V&lt;sub&gt;CE&lt;/sub&gt;, variando-se a tensão de entrada&amp;nbsp;V&lt;sub&gt;BE&lt;/sub&gt;, obtém-se uma corrente de entrada&amp;nbsp;I&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;, resultando num gráfico com o seguinte aspecto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;194&quot; src=&quot;http://www.arvm.org/exames/gif/trans6.gif&quot; width=&quot;209&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Observa-se que é possível controlar a corrente de base, variando-se a tensão entre a base e o emissor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Para cada constante de corrente de entrada&amp;nbsp;I&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;, variando-se a tensão de saída&amp;nbsp;V&lt;sub&gt;CE&lt;/sub&gt;, obtém-se uma corrente de saída&amp;nbsp;I&lt;sub&gt;C&lt;/sub&gt;, cujo gráfico tem o seguinte aspecto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;263&quot; src=&quot;http://www.arvm.org/exames/gif/trans7.gif&quot; width=&quot;270&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Através desta curva, podemos definir três estados do transístor, o CORTE, a SATURAÇÃO e a DATIVA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;CORTE: I&lt;sub&gt;C&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;SATURAÇÃO: VCE = 0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;ACTIVA: Região entre o corte e a saturação.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Para a configuração EC a relação entre a corrente de saída e a corrente de entrada determina o ganho de corrente denominado de b ou&amp;nbsp;h&lt;sub&gt;FE&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;(forward current transfer ratio)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;38&quot; src=&quot;http://www.arvm.org/exames/gif/trans8.gif&quot; width=&quot;80&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;O ganho de corrente b não é constante, valores típicos são de 50 a 900.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Exemplo 1 - Dadas as curvas características de entrada e saída de um transístor NPN, determine:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;i&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;dir&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;dir&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;a) A corrente na base para V&lt;sub&gt;BE&lt;/sub&gt;=0,8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;b) O ganho de corrente b&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;c) Um novo ganho de corrente b&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;caso a corrente I&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;dobre de valor.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/dir&gt;&lt;/dir&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;234&quot; src=&quot;http://www.arvm.org/exames/gif/trans9.gif&quot; width=&quot;182&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;230&quot; src=&quot;http://www.arvm.org/exames/gif/trans10.gif&quot; width=&quot;299&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;cc&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://visit.geocities.com/visit.gif?&amp;amp;r=http%3A//www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Lab/8277/index_trans.html&amp;amp;b=Microsoft%20Internet%20Explorer%204.0%20%28compatible%3B%20MSIE%205.01%3B%20Windows%20NT%205.0%29&amp;amp;s=1024x768&amp;amp;o=Win32&amp;amp;c=32&amp;amp;j=true&amp;amp;v=1.2&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img alt=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;1&quot; src=&quot;http://geo.yahoo.com/serv?s=76001067&amp;amp;t=1041295148&quot; width=&quot;1&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;cc&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://visit.geocities.com/visit.gif?&amp;amp;r=http%3A//www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Lab/8277/index_trans.html&amp;amp;b=Microsoft%20Internet%20Explorer%204.0%20%28compatible%3B%20MSIE%205.01%3B%20Windows%20NT%205.0%29&amp;amp;s=1024x768&amp;amp;o=Win32&amp;amp;c=32&amp;amp;j=true&amp;amp;v=1.2&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1651526912850569918&quot; name=&quot;6 - Os Limites dos Transistores&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;6 - Os Limites dos Transístores&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Os transístores, como quaisquer outros dispositivos têm suas limitações (valores máximos de alguns parâmetros) que devem ser respeitadas, para evitar que os mesmos se danifiquem. Os manuais técnicos fornecem pelo menos quatro parâmetros que possuem valores máximos:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Tensão máxima de coletor - V&lt;sub&gt;CEMAX&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Corrente máxima de coletor - I&lt;sub&gt;CMAX&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Potência máxima de coletor - P&lt;sub&gt;CMAX&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Tensão de ruptura das junções&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Na configuração EC, P&lt;sub&gt;CMAX&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= V&lt;sub&gt;CEMAX&lt;/sub&gt;.I&lt;sub&gt;CMAX&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Exemplos de parâmetros de transístores comuns.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;width: 342px;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;60&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Tipo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;90&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Polaridade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;57&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;V&lt;sub&gt;CEMAX&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;(V)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;53&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;I&lt;sub&gt;CMAX&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;(mA)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;72&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;60&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;BC 548&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;90&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;NPN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;57&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;45&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;53&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;100&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;72&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;125 a 900&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;60&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;2N2222&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;90&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;NPN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;57&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;53&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;800&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;72&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;100 a 300&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;60&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;TIP31A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;90&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;NPN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;57&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;60&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;53&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;3000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;72&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;20 a 50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;60&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;2N3055&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;90&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;NPN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;57&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;80&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;53&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;15000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;72&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;20 a 50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;60&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;BC559&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;90&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;PNP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;57&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;-30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;53&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;-200&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;72&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;125 a 900&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;60&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;BFX29&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;90&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;PNP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;57&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;-60&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;53&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;-600&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;72&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;50 a 125&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1651526912850569918&quot; name=&quot;7 - Transistor como chave&quot;&gt;7 - Transístor como chave&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;u&gt;
&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;A utilização do transístor nos seus estados de SATURAÇÃO e CORTE, isto é, de modo que ele ligue conduzindo totalmente a corrente entre emissor e o coletor, ou desligue sem conduzir corrente alguma é conhecido como operação como chave.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;A figura abaixo mostra um exemplo disso, em que ligar a chave S1 e fazer circular uma corrente pela base do transístor, ele satura e acende a lâmpada. a resistência ligada a base é calculado, de forma que, a corrente multiplicada pelo ganho dê um valor maior do que o necessário o circuito do coletor, no caso, a lâmpada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;143&quot; src=&quot;http://www.arvm.org/exames/gif/trans11.gif&quot; width=&quot;199&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Veja que temos aplicada uma tensão positiva num transístor NPN, para que ele sature e uma tensão negativa, para o caso de transístores PNP, conforme mostra a figura abaixo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;173&quot; src=&quot;http://www.arvm.org/exames/gif/trans12.gif&quot; width=&quot;199&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1651526912850569918&quot; name=&quot;9 - Polarização de Transistores&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Polarização de Transístores&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1651526912850569918&quot; name=&quot;9.1 - Ponto de Operação (Quiescente)&quot;&gt;9.1 - Ponto de Operação (Quiescente)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;i&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Os transístores são utilizados como elementos de amplificação de corrente e tensão, ou como elementos de controle ON-OFF. Tanto para estas como para outras aplicações, o transístor deve estar polarizado correctamente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Polarizar um transístor é fixá-lo num ponto de operação em corrente contínua, dentro de suas curvas características.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Também chamado de polarização DC, este ponto de operação (ou quiescente) pode estar localizado nas regiões de corte, saturação ou altiva da curva característica de saída.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Os pontos&amp;nbsp;Q&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;,&amp;nbsp;Q&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;e&amp;nbsp;Q&lt;sub&gt;C&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;da figura a seguir caracterizam as três regiões citadas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Q&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;: Região activa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Q&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;: Região de saturação&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Q&lt;sub&gt;C&lt;/sub&gt;: Região de corte&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;146&quot; src=&quot;http://www.arvm.org/exames/gif/trans13.gif&quot; width=&quot;230&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1651526912850569918&quot; name=&quot;9.2 - Reta de carga&quot;&gt;9.2 - Recta de carga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;A recta de carga é o lugar geométrico de todos os pontos de operação possíveis para uma determinada polarização.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Podemos defini-la a partir de dois pontos conhecidos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;151&quot; src=&quot;http://www.arvm.org/exames/gif/trans14.gif&quot; width=&quot;238&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1651526912850569918&quot; name=&quot;9.3 - Circuitos de Polarização EC&quot;&gt;9.3 - Circuitos de Polarização EC&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Nesta configuração, a junção base-emissor é polarizada directamente e a junção base-coletor reversamente. Para isso, utilizam-se duas baterias e duas resistências para limitar as correntes e fixar o ponto de operação.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;265&quot; src=&quot;http://www.arvm.org/exames/gif/trans15.gif&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Análise da malha de entrada: R&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;.I&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;+ V&lt;sub&gt;BE&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= V&lt;sub&gt;BB&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;então,&amp;nbsp;&lt;img height=&quot;38&quot; src=&quot;http://www.arvm.org/exames/gif/trans16.gif&quot; width=&quot;101&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Malha de saída: R&lt;sub&gt;C&lt;/sub&gt;.I&lt;sub&gt;C&lt;/sub&gt;+V&lt;sub&gt;CE&lt;/sub&gt;=V&lt;sub&gt;CC&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;9.3.1 - Circuito de polarização com corrente de base constante&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Para eliminar a fonte de alimentação da base V&lt;sub&gt;BB&lt;/sub&gt;, pode-se utilizar somente a fonte V&lt;sub&gt;CC&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;201&quot; src=&quot;http://www.arvm.org/exames/gif/trans18.gif&quot; width=&quot;264&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Para garantir as tensões correctas para o funcionamento do transístor R&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;deve ser maior que R&lt;sub&gt;C&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Equações:&amp;nbsp;&lt;img height=&quot;38&quot; src=&quot;http://www.arvm.org/exames/gif/trans19.gif&quot; width=&quot;101&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;e&amp;nbsp;&lt;img height=&quot;38&quot; src=&quot;http://www.arvm.org/exames/gif/trans20.gif&quot; width=&quot;101&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Neste circuito, como V&lt;sub&gt;CC&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;e R&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;são valores constantes e V&lt;sub&gt;BE&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;praticamente não varia, a variação da corrente de base é desprezível. Por isso este circuito é chamado de&amp;nbsp;polarização EC com corrente de base constante.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Exemplo 2: Dado um transístor com b =200 e uma fonte de 12V, determinar as resistências de polarização (valores comerciais) para o ponto de operação V&lt;sub&gt;CEQ&lt;/sub&gt;=V&lt;sub&gt;CC&lt;/sub&gt;/2, I&lt;sub&gt;CQ&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 15mA e V&lt;sub&gt;BEQ&lt;/sub&gt;=0,7V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;OBS.: Este circuito de polarização apresentado é bastante sensível a variações de temperatura. Por seu ponto de operação ser bastante instável, o seu uso é restrito ao funcionamento como chave electrónica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i style=&quot;text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;9.3.2 - Influência da temperatura&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Nos transístores a temperatura afecta basicamente os parâmetros b , V&lt;sub&gt;BE&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;e a corrente de fuga.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;A variação de V&lt;sub&gt;BE&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;é desprezível, porém a corrente de fuga e o ganho b podem ter variações acentuadas, ocasionando variações na corrente de coletor, sem que haja variações na corrente de base, deixando o circuito instável.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i style=&quot;text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;9.3.3 - Circuito de Polarização com corrente de Emissor constante.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Neste circuito de polarização é inserido uma resistência R&lt;sub&gt;E&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;entre o emissor e a fonte de alimentação.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;220&quot; src=&quot;http://www.arvm.org/exames/gif/trans21.gif&quot; width=&quot;264&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;A ideia é compensar possíveis variações de ganho devido a mudanças de temperatura.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Se houver um aumento de ganho, haverá aumento de I&lt;sub&gt;C&lt;/sub&gt;, com aumento de V&lt;sub&gt;RC&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;e de V&lt;sub&gt;RE&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;e diminuição de V&lt;sub&gt;CE&lt;/sub&gt;. Mas devido ao aumento de V&lt;sub&gt;RE&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;a corrente de base diminui, induzindo I&lt;sub&gt;C&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;a uma estabilização.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Perceba que no circuito anterior esta variação de ganho levaria a um aumento de I&lt;sub&gt;C&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;e diminuição de V&lt;sub&gt;CE&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;tirando o transístor de seu ponto de operação original.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;A resposta dada por R&lt;sub&gt;E&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;para o aumento de I&lt;sub&gt;C&lt;/sub&gt;, chama-se de realimentação negativa e garante a estabilidade do ponto de operação.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Equações:&amp;nbsp;&lt;img height=&quot;38&quot; src=&quot;http://www.arvm.org/exames/gif/trans22.gif&quot; width=&quot;150&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;38&quot; src=&quot;http://www.arvm.org/exames/gif/trans23.gif&quot; width=&quot;149&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Como temos três incógnitas e apenas duas equações temos que arbitrar um dos valores. Neste caso adoptamos V&lt;sub&gt;RE&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= V&lt;sub&gt;CC&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sub&gt;/ 10, de modo que o resto da tensão seja utilizada pela saída do circuito.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i style=&quot;text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Exemplo 3: Dado um transístor com b =250 e uma fonte de 20V, determinar as resistências de polarização (valores comerciais) para o ponto de operação V&lt;sub&gt;CEQ&lt;/sub&gt;=V&lt;sub&gt;CC&lt;/sub&gt;/2, I&lt;sub&gt;CQ&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 100mA e V&lt;sub&gt;BEQ&lt;/sub&gt;=0,7V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i style=&quot;text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;9.3.4 - Circuito de Polarização com Divisor de Tensão&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Uma outra forma de solucionar o problema da instabilidade com a temperatura é o circuito de polarização mostrado na figura abaixo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;241&quot; src=&quot;http://www.arvm.org/exames/gif/trans24.gif&quot; width=&quot;264&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Este circuito é projectado de forma a fixar o valor de V&lt;sub&gt;RB2&lt;/sub&gt;. Como V&lt;sub&gt;BE&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;é praticamente constante com a temperatura, V&lt;sub&gt;RE&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;também permanece constante. Isto garante a estabilização de I&lt;sub&gt;E&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;e I&lt;sub&gt;C&lt;/sub&gt;, independentemente da variação do ganho.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Equações:&amp;nbsp;&lt;img height=&quot;38&quot; src=&quot;http://www.arvm.org/exames/gif/trans25.gif&quot; width=&quot;153&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;38&quot; src=&quot;http://www.arvm.org/exames/gif/trans26.gif&quot; width=&quot;118&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Novamente, para conseguir resolver as equações, temos que adoptar:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;I&lt;sub&gt;B2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 10xI&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;e V&lt;sub&gt;RE&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= V&lt;sub&gt;CC&lt;/sub&gt;/10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i style=&quot;text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Exemplo 4: Dado um transístor com b =250 e uma fonte de 9V, determinar as resistências de polarização (valores comerciais) para o ponto de operação V&lt;sub&gt;CEQ&lt;/sub&gt;=V&lt;sub&gt;CC&lt;/sub&gt;/2, I&lt;sub&gt;CQ&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 20mA e V&lt;sub&gt;BEQ&lt;/sub&gt;=0,65V. Traçar a sua recta de carga.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i style=&quot;text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;9.3.5 - Determinação do Ponto de Operação a Partir dos Valores das Resistências.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Até agora realizamos a síntese de circuitos, isto é, calculamos os valores das resistências para os valores especificados de tensão e corrente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Podemos, também, a partir das resistências determinarmos o ponto de operação analiticamente ou graficamente. Isto é a análise do circuito.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Caso o circuito utiliza divisor de tensão podemos utilizar o teorema de Thévenin para reduzir para a forma abaixo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;233&quot; src=&quot;http://www.arvm.org/exames/gif/trans28.gif&quot; width=&quot;264&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Onde:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;38&quot; src=&quot;http://www.arvm.org/exames/gif/trans29.gif&quot; width=&quot;108&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;38&quot; src=&quot;http://www.arvm.org/exames/gif/trans30.gif&quot; width=&quot;133&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Graficamente temos que ter acesso a curva característica de saída do transístor. Traçando a reta de carga sobre a curva encontramos o ponto de operação.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Exemplo 5: Um transístor, cuja curva característica de saída é conhecida, foi polarizado de forma que o ponto de operação de entrada seja V&lt;sub&gt;BEQ&lt;/sub&gt;=0,7V e I&lt;sub&gt;BQ&lt;/sub&gt;=50m A, conforme o circuito a seguir. Determinar o ganho do transístor e os demais valores do ponto de operação: I&lt;sub&gt;CQ&lt;/sub&gt;, I&lt;sub&gt;EQ&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;e V&lt;sub&gt;CEQ&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;180&quot; src=&quot;http://www.arvm.org/exames/gif/trans31.gif&quot; width=&quot;271&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i style=&quot;text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;9.3.6 - Cálculo de Resistências para uso como Chave Electrónica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;O uso do transístor como chave implica em polarizá-lo na região de corte ou de saturação. Como o corte do transístor depende apenas da tensão de entrada, o cálculo dos transístores é efectuado baseado nos parâmetros de saturação.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Um transístor comum, quando saturado, apresenta um V&lt;sub&gt;CE&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;de aproximadamente 0,3V e um ganho de valor mínimo (entre 10 e 50) para garantir a saturação. A corrente de coletor de saturação depende da resistência acoplada ao coletor ou da corrente imposta pelo projecto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i style=&quot;text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Exemplo 6: No circuito a seguir, deseja-se que o Led seja accionado quando a chave estiver na posição ON e desligado quando a chave estiver na posição OFF.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i style=&quot;text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Parâmetros do transístor BC 548:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i style=&quot;text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;V&lt;sub&gt;BESAT&lt;/sub&gt;=0,7V V&lt;sub&gt;CESAT&lt;/sub&gt;=0,3V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i style=&quot;text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;I&lt;sub&gt;CMAX&lt;/sub&gt;=200mA V&lt;sub&gt;CEMAX&lt;/sub&gt;=30V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i style=&quot;text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;b =20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Parâmetros do LED: V&lt;sub&gt;D&lt;/sub&gt;=1,5V I&lt;sub&gt;D&lt;/sub&gt;=25mA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Exemplo 7: Um circuito digital (TTL) foi projectado para accionar um motor de 220V/60Hz sob determinadas condições. Para tanto, é necessário que um transístor como chave atue sobre um relé, já que nem o circuito digital, nem o transístor podem accionar este motor. O circuito utilizado para este fim esta mostrado a seguir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;232&quot; src=&quot;http://www.arvm.org/exames/gif/trans33.gif&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Neste circuito, em série com R&lt;sub&gt;C&lt;/sub&gt;, coloca-se a bobina do relê. Esta bobina, normalmente, apresenta uma resistência DC da ordem de algumas dezenas de ohms. Por ser tão baixa, a resistência R&lt;sub&gt;C&lt;/sub&gt;, tem a função de limitar a corrente no transístor, para não danificá-lo. O diodo em paralelo com a bobina serve para evitar que o transístor se danifique devido à tensão reversa gerada por ela no chaveamento do relê.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Parâmetros do 2N2222:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;V&lt;sub&gt;BESAT&lt;/sub&gt;=0,7V V&lt;sub&gt;CESAT&lt;/sub&gt;=0,3V b =10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;I&lt;sub&gt;CMAX&lt;/sub&gt;=500mA V&lt;sub&gt;CEMAX&lt;/sub&gt;=100V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Parâmetros do relé:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;R&lt;sub&gt;R&lt;/sub&gt;=80W I&lt;sub&gt;R&lt;/sub&gt;=50mA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Continuação do primeiro video&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;u style=&quot;font-style: normal; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;obs: esse video foi feito para explicar o funcionamento do arduino porém ele explica o funcionameneto do&amp;nbsp;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i style=&quot;text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;u style=&quot;font-style: normal; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Transistor&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.arvm.org/exames/trasistor.htm&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;FONTE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/feeds/1601354118933551815/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/11/transistor.html#comment-form' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/1601354118933551815'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/1601354118933551815'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/11/transistor.html' title='Transistor'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRf-1w0KmZkVHeGwYzVarNhpWn79O6O4yBIAP363yX5XZMwid6ObO8LsBPFNa7gzgZbSj2wSafEDApBYxA3mOQZc49r6UZsqV7sTLCOu747iH5jfY4yKtzcyN4dN8VlXU8wjFbwqdIkjvc/s72-c/transistor.gif" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1651526912850569918.post-7923420580738679123</id><published>2011-11-20T12:33:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-11-20T17:42:21.389-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="automação"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="downloads"/><title type='text'>ZELIO soft2  da Schneidder</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDH_ey7Ktj_O5Vh4LTW37riztfUxHjikslNxR0dkA7Ss1VEgRX7qSGoemxxRGQPZZzTaI0tUdH3BSbasORt14-xhdHyFDoMYjoaeeR-c1mQFJb9OcYmiju_cUkCentKdA4XGuJVXTj8QD8/s1600/zelio+soft+2.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDH_ey7Ktj_O5Vh4LTW37riztfUxHjikslNxR0dkA7Ss1VEgRX7qSGoemxxRGQPZZzTaI0tUdH3BSbasORt14-xhdHyFDoMYjoaeeR-c1mQFJb9OcYmiju_cUkCentKdA4XGuJVXTj8QD8/s1600/zelio+soft+2.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;Programa para simulação de programação ladder feito pela Schneider, é intuitivo e fácil de usar, nesse post você irá encontrar o programa para baixar e uma apostila. para ensinar como ele funciona.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #626469; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; list-style-position: outside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;float: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Programação em FBD (Diagrama de Blocos funcionais), SFC, Símbolos elétricos e&amp;nbsp; LADDER.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;float: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Detecção dos erros de programação com o teste de coerência do programa.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;float: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Modos de monitoração e simulação em tempo real.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;float: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Janelas de supervisão: permite visualizar o aplicativo e os estados das E/S do módulo lógico.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;float: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Download e upload de programas.&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Benefícios&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;nav_links&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #626469; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;A liberdade de programação Zelio Soft fala o seu &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;colored&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;idioma!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;ovr_benefits&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; clear: both; color: #626469; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;float: none; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Extremamente simples e amigável, a&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;colored&quot; style=&quot;float: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;float: none; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;ferramenta&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Zelio Soft facilita a configuração e a programação dos módulos Zelio Logic: uma programação rápida e segura graças ao teste de coerência do programa.&lt;br /&gt;
Com uma&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;colored&quot; style=&quot;float: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;float: none; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;flexibilidade&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;inigualável, responde a todos os requisitos com simulação on-line utilizando os diagramas de blocos funcionais (FBD) ou de linguagem de contatos (LADDER).&lt;br /&gt;
É&lt;strong style=&quot;float: none; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;colored&quot; style=&quot;float: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;compatível&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;com o Windows 95-98-2000, NT 4.0 SP5, Windows XP Pro...&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;fb-comments&quot; data-href=&quot;http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/11/zelio-soft2-da-schneidder.html&quot; data-num-posts=&quot;2&quot; data-width=&quot;500&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/feeds/7923420580738679123/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/11/zelio-soft2-da-schneidder.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/7923420580738679123'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/7923420580738679123'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/11/zelio-soft2-da-schneidder.html' title='ZELIO soft2  da Schneidder'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDH_ey7Ktj_O5Vh4LTW37riztfUxHjikslNxR0dkA7Ss1VEgRX7qSGoemxxRGQPZZzTaI0tUdH3BSbasORt14-xhdHyFDoMYjoaeeR-c1mQFJb9OcYmiju_cUkCentKdA4XGuJVXTj8QD8/s72-c/zelio+soft+2.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1651526912850569918.post-2661609480350328046</id><published>2011-11-19T15:16:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-11-20T12:58:33.238-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="eletrônica"/><title type='text'>Diodo zener</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;Diodo Zener&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(também conhecido como&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;diodo regulador de tensão&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;diodo de tensão constante&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;diodo de ruptura&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ou&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;diodo de condução reversa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;é um dispositivo ou&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;componente eletrônico&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;semelhante a um&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodo_semicondutor&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Diodo semicondutor&quot;&gt;diodo semicondutor&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;, especialmente projetado para trabalhar sob o regime de condução inversa, ou seja, acima da&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;tensão de ruptura&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;da&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;junção PN&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;, neste caso há dois fenômenos envolvidos o&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;efeito Zener&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;e o&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efeito_avalanche&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Efeito avalanche&quot;&gt;efeito avalanche&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Diodo&quot;&gt;Diodo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot;&gt;Qualquer diodo inversamente polarizado praticamente não conduz corrente desde que não ultrapasse a tensão de ruptura. Na realidade, existe uma pequena corrente inversa, chamada de corrente de saturação, que ocorre devido unicamente à geração de pares de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%C3%A9tron&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Elétron&quot;&gt;elétron&lt;/a&gt;-&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacuna&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Lacuna&quot;&gt;lacuna&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;na região de carga espacial, à&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura_ambiente&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Temperatura ambiente&quot;&gt;temperatura ambiente&lt;/a&gt;. No&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;diodo Zener&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;acontece a mesma coisa. A diferença é que, no diodo convencional, ao atingir uma determinada tensão inversa, a corrente inversa aumenta bruscamente (efeito de avalanche), causando o&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efeito_Joule&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Efeito Joule&quot;&gt;efeito Joule&lt;/a&gt;, e consequentemente a dissipação da&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energia_t%C3%A9rmica&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Energia térmica&quot;&gt;energia térmica&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;acaba por destruir o dispositivo, não sendo possível reverter o processo. No&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;diodo Zener&lt;/i&gt;, por outro lado, ao atingir uma tensão chamada de Zener (geralmente bem menor que a tensão de ruptura de um diodo comum&lt;span style=&quot;color: grey;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;[&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: grey;&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;), o dispositivo passa a permitir a passagem de correntes bem maiores que a de saturação inversa, mantendo constante a tensão entre os seus terminais. Cada&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;diodo Zener&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;possui uma tensão de Zener específica como, por exemplo, 5,1 Volts, 6,3 Volts, 9,1 Volts, 12 Volts e 24 Volts.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot;&gt;Quanto ao valor da corrente máxima admissível, existem vários tipos de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Diodo&quot;&gt;diodos&lt;/a&gt;. Um dado importante na especificação do componente a ser utilizado é a potência do dispositivo. Por exemplo, existem diodos Zener de 400 mili&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Watt&quot;&gt;Watts&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;e 1 Watt. O valor da corrente máxima admissível depende dessa potência e da tensão de Zener. É por isso que o diodo Zener se encontra normalmente associado com uma&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resist%C3%AAncia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Resistência&quot;&gt;resistência&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;ligada em série, destinada precisamente a limitar a corrente a um valor admissível.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Aplica.C3.A7.C3.B5es&quot;&gt;Aplicações&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot;&gt;O diodo Zener pode funcionar&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polariza%C3%A7%C3%A3o&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Polarização&quot;&gt;polarizado&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;diretamente ou inversamente. Quando está polarizado diretamente, funciona como outro diodo qualquer, não conduz&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrente_el%C3%A9trica&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corrente elétrica&quot;&gt;corrente elétrica&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;enquanto a tensão aplicada aos seus terminais for inferior a aproximadamente 0,6 Volts no diodo de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sil%C3%ADcio&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Silício&quot;&gt;silício&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;ou 0,3 Volts no diodo de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ%C3%A2nio&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Germânio&quot;&gt;germânio&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;A partir desta tensão mínima começa a condução elétrica, que inicialmente é pequena mas que aumenta rapidamente, conforme a curva não linear de corrente versus tensão. Por esse fato, a sua tensão de condução não é única, sendo considerada dentro da faixa de 0,6 a 0,7 Volts para o diodo de silício. O diodo zener pode ser utilizado com fonte de ruído branco quando operando na sua região de ruptura.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Devido a esta característica, os diodos Zener são freqüentemente usados como reguladores de tensão. Por exemplo, no diagrama de circuito:&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;se&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;texhtml&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;U&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub style=&quot;height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; top: 0.5ex; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;i&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt; |&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;V&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub style=&quot;height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; top: 0.5ex; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;z&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;e&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;e&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;| ,&lt;i&gt;U&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub style=&quot;height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; top: 0.5ex; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;o&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;u&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;U&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub style=&quot;height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; top: 0.5ex; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;i&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
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Considerando o valor&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;texhtml&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;V&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub style=&quot;height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; top: 0.5ex; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;z&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;e&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;e&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;em&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valor_absoluto&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Valor absoluto&quot;&gt;valor absoluto&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Calculos&quot;&gt;Calculos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Corrente_M.C3.A1xima_no_Zener&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Corrente Máxima no Zener&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
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Para que não danifique o componente&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;img alt=&quot;P_{z}= V_{z} \cdot I_{Zmax}&quot; class=&quot;tex&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pt/math/6/7/4/67419c9dea1df78ed69ae6f0f7ca38b5.png&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;I_{Zmax} = \frac{P_{z}}{V_{z}}&quot; class=&quot;tex&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pt/math/9/7/2/9724e7f3efa81c7f55631ac72a2b87fb.png&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;





&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Corrente_M.C3.ADnima&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Corrente Mínima&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;I_{Zmim} = I_{Zmax} \cdot acn 0,15&quot; class=&quot;tex&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pt/math/b/0/7/b0769f697068add15f3f5024a7ac8995.png&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;





&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;C.C3.A1lculo_do_Resistor_limitador&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cálculo do Resistor limitador&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
Adiciona-se&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;texhtml&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub style=&quot;height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; top: 0.5ex; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;z&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;para limitar a corrente no zener.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;R_{Zmim} = \frac{V_{cc} - V_z}{I_{Zmax}}&quot; class=&quot;tex&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pt/math/2/d/3/2d307750162624e42529a15d9a3048ea.png&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;R_{Zmax} = \frac{(V_{cc} - V_z)}{I_{Zmin}}&quot; class=&quot;tex&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pt/math/8/8/5/8855d202738a66581fbbc70c60539bb4.png&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;R_z = \frac{(R_{Zmim} + R_{Zmax})}{2}&quot; class=&quot;tex&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pt/math/d/9/4/d94b20a08145a12991b618fe0409afeb.png&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;texhtml&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub style=&quot;height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; top: 0.5ex; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Z&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;m&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;i&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;m&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub style=&quot;height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; top: 0.5ex; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;z&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub style=&quot;height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; top: 0.5ex; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Z&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;m&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;





&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Defini.C3.A7.C3.B5es&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Definições&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;texhtml&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;V&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub style=&quot;height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; top: 0.5ex; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;z&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;: tensão no Zener (parâmetro do diodo, vem do fabricante)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;texhtml&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub style=&quot;height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; top: 0.5ex; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;z&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;: potência do Zener (parâmetro do diodo, vem do fabricante)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;texhtml&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub style=&quot;height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; top: 0.5ex; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;z&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;: corrente do Zener&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;texhtml&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;V&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub style=&quot;height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; top: 0.5ex; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;: tensão média na carga (valor da fonte de tensão)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;texhtml&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub style=&quot;height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; top: 0.5ex; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;s&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;: resistor limitador de corrente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;texhtml&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub style=&quot;height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; top: 0.5ex; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;l&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;: carga&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;texhtml&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub style=&quot;height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; top: 0.5ex; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;z&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;: resistência do Zener&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;texhtml&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub style=&quot;height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; top: 0.5ex; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;m&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;l&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;: corrente média na carga&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;texhtml&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub style=&quot;height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; top: 0.5ex; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Z&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;m&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;i&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;m&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;: corrente Mínima de Zener&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;texhtml&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub style=&quot;height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; top: 0.5ex; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Z&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;m&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;: corrente Máxima de Zener&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;
Esse método foi utilizado considerando uma tensão constante de entrada.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h1 id=&quot;watch-headline-title&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.8333em; height: 1.1363em; line-height: 1.1363em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-height: 1.1363em; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;




&lt;span class=&quot;&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;eow-title&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 22px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;Circuito Prático com Diodo Zener&quot;&gt;Circuito Prático com Diodo Zener&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodo_Zener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Fontes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;fb-comments&quot; data-href=&quot;http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/11/diodo-zener.html&quot; data-num-posts=&quot;2&quot; data-width=&quot;500&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/feeds/2661609480350328046/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/11/diodo-zener.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/2661609480350328046'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/2661609480350328046'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/11/diodo-zener.html' title='Diodo zener'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5MJM8aAqw2dkr0t3pBcaStinJPGauQCh2R8cw55eY3uQgh04J9LvAPc7HekorNnL1kxo3-bed_gFHYKqOkACGqWKb4jW8IQhIXRQgkcrHp3Cy6-r4BXwfYy2zW5HphIWaE4sbQhzR7W7v/s72-c/zener0.5w.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1651526912850569918.post-7761690335091948698</id><published>2011-11-19T12:48:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-11-19T12:48:03.545-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="eletrônica"/><title type='text'>Tipos de Diodos</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Introdução&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkzewAYCrRppWHL73kFwEqKiGpWfjs6OqnFgY_ELZpFsupW9DnuAE8SF3FZYXHaWpDcEumkYHbB-vrJznKfqOCWInG-4ndKPrJQBd9R09tarJ0iEkd79k9PoqRf2Mue-QLozByBD6QqnRV/s1600/Zener_diode_10W_zener_diode_R_6_.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkzewAYCrRppWHL73kFwEqKiGpWfjs6OqnFgY_ELZpFsupW9DnuAE8SF3FZYXHaWpDcEumkYHbB-vrJznKfqOCWInG-4ndKPrJQBd9R09tarJ0iEkd79k9PoqRf2Mue-QLozByBD6QqnRV/s200/Zener_diode_10W_zener_diode_R_6_.jpg&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;&quot;&gt;O diodo é apenas um dos diversos componentes usados em eletrônica. Um díodo é um componente de larga utilização na eletrônica. Os diodos são componentes eletrônicos formados por semicondutores. São usados como semicondutores, por exemplo, o silício e o germânio, que em determinadas condições de polarização, possibilitam a circulação de corrente. Externamente, os diodos possuem dois terminais: Ânodo (A) e o Cátodo (K)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;&quot;&gt;próximo ao terminal Cátodo uma faixa que o indica. Possui formato cilíndrico. O diodo é a aplicação mais simples da união PN (semicondutores) e tem propriedades retificadoras, ou seja, só deixa passar a corrente em um certo sentido (Anodo-Catodo), sendo o contrário impossível, exceto nos diodos zener, que nessa condição deixam passar uma voltagem constante.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz-lGUKnu-AtlGWxgOeDLgKF-yP7Vuk0gOJxuHySpdDbjjMRVJV5AXp_dNvNEuLZ1q6TrnQh2JplXMF5dSTlOGB1A2-SeAqEmJgH7M8H307m5oTK8LdujHXUv1-5qLJqtf6kQMifc3OLfe/s1600/Round_Flange_Infrared_LED__3mm_.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz-lGUKnu-AtlGWxgOeDLgKF-yP7Vuk0gOJxuHySpdDbjjMRVJV5AXp_dNvNEuLZ1q6TrnQh2JplXMF5dSTlOGB1A2-SeAqEmJgH7M8H307m5oTK8LdujHXUv1-5qLJqtf6kQMifc3OLfe/s200/Round_Flange_Infrared_LED__3mm_.jpg&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;Existem certas variações na sua apresentação, de acordo com a corrente que o percorre. Existem também os diodos emissores de luz, os famosos LED&#39;s (light emissordiode), que são representados por um diodo normal mais duas pequenas flechas para fora, que indicam que emite luz. Possuem as mesmas propriedades dos diodos normais, porém, é claro, emitem luz.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/feeds/7761690335091948698/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/11/tipos-de-diodos.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/7761690335091948698'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/7761690335091948698'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/11/tipos-de-diodos.html' title='Tipos de Diodos'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkzewAYCrRppWHL73kFwEqKiGpWfjs6OqnFgY_ELZpFsupW9DnuAE8SF3FZYXHaWpDcEumkYHbB-vrJznKfqOCWInG-4ndKPrJQBd9R09tarJ0iEkd79k9PoqRf2Mue-QLozByBD6QqnRV/s72-c/Zener_diode_10W_zener_diode_R_6_.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1651526912850569918.post-8888069928555725349</id><published>2011-09-22T18:26:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-11-20T07:39:43.916-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="automação"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Instrumentação"/><title type='text'>Transmissores de Pressão</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Transmissores de Pressão&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2nH-cST0DvNf7LxlRMSFcrInmg9plWJekd3dkxmgkXrfRbpPEHDg-R0qoUN6N_ohx6icZV7ZPFzZQT7JFwq9soipUItExKukQMn3a3lwbGgfQj5YZwb1pL9rIA__4KtwPxdiExzYNsfAW/s1600/img1165048o.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2nH-cST0DvNf7LxlRMSFcrInmg9plWJekd3dkxmgkXrfRbpPEHDg-R0qoUN6N_ohx6icZV7ZPFzZQT7JFwq9soipUItExKukQMn3a3lwbGgfQj5YZwb1pL9rIA__4KtwPxdiExzYNsfAW/s200/img1165048o.jpg&quot; width=&quot;115&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Introdução&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Hoje nos processos e controles industriais, somos testemunhas dos avanços tecnológicos com o advento dos microprocessadores e componentes eletrônicos, da tecnologia Fieldbus, o uso da Internet, etc., tudo facilitando as operações, garantindo otimização e performance dos processos e segurança operacional.Este avanço permite hoje que &amp;nbsp;transmissores de pressão, assim como os de outras variáveis, possam ser projetados para garantir alto desempenho em medições que até então utilizam somente a tecnologia analógica. Os transmissores usados até então(analógicos) eram projetados com componentes discretos, susceptíveis a drifits devido à temperatura, condições ambientais e de processo, com ajustes constantes através de potenciômetros e chaves. Com o advento da tecnologia digital, a simplicidade de uso também foi algo que se ganhou.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Os transmissores de pressão são amplamente utilizados nos processos e aplicações com inúmeras funcionalidades e recursos. A grande maioria dos processos industrias envolvem medições de pressão, lembrando ainda, que &amp;nbsp;pressão é uma grandeza básica para a medição e controle de vazão, nível e densidade, etc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Comentaremos neste artigo alguns detalhes e conceitos envolvidos com os transmissores de pressão.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;320&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/mn6GO6jZiDI?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;A Exatidão de um Transmissor de Pressão&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Vale lembrar que nas últimas décadas, uma enorme variedade de equipamentos se espalhou pelo mercado em diversas aplicações. A exatidão da caracterização de pressão só teve seu real valor a partir do momento em que conseguimos traduzi-la em valores mensuráveis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Todo sistema de medição de pressão é constituído pelo elemento primário, o qual estará em contato direto ou indireto ao processo onde se tem as mudanças de pressão e pelo elemento secundário(Transmissor de Pressão) que terá a tarefa de traduzir esta mudança em valores mensuráveis&amp;nbsp; para uso em indicação, monitoração e controle.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;A performance estática ou exatidão(muitas vezes confundida com precisão, onde exatidão está associada à proximidade do valor verdadeiro e precisão à dispersão dos valores resultantes de uma série de medidas) de um transmissor de pressão depende de quão bem calibrado é o transmissor e quanto tempo ele pode manter sua calibração.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;A calibração de um transmissor de pressão envolve o ajuste de zero e span.A exatidão normalmente inclui efeitos de não-lineraridade, histerese e repetibilidade.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Normalmente a exatidão é dada em % do span calibrado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Alguns Importantes Conceitos&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Usualmente a relação entre entrada e saída de um transmissor de pressão é predominantemente linear (Y = ax + b), onde a é conhecido como ganho e o b é o zero ou offset, como podemos ver na figura 1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Range&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: é a faixa de medição, compreendendo da mínima até a máxima pressão que o transmissor pode medir, por exemplo, 0 a 5080 mmH2O. O Span máximo é 5080 mmH2O.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Zero&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: é a menor pressão na qual o transmissor foi calibrado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;250&quot; hspace=&quot;10&quot; src=&quot;http://www.smar.com/images/art_transmissorespressao_fig01.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; vspace=&quot;10&quot; width=&quot;370&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Figura 1 - Curva de Calibração de um Transmissor de Pressão&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;URL (Upper Range Limit):&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;é a mais alta pressão que o transmissor de pressão foi setado para medir, respeitando-se o limite superior do sensor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;LRL (Lower Range Limit):&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;é a mais baixa pressão que o transmissor de pressão foi setado para medir, respeitando-se o limite inferior do sensor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Span (Range Calibrado)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: A faixa de trabalho onde é feito a calibração é conhecida como span, por exemplo, de 500 a 3000 mmH2O, onde o span é de 3000-500 = 2500 mmH2O. O Span é igual a URL - LRL.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;319&quot; src=&quot;http://www.smar.com/images/art_transmissorespressao_fig02.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; vspace=&quot;10&quot; width=&quot;450&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Figura 2 - Terminologia de Calibração&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Supressão de Zero (é a quantidade com que o valor inferior supera o valor zero da pressão):&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;a supressão acontece quandoo transmissor indica um nível superior ao real. Em medições de nível, por exemplo, onde o transmissor não está instalado no mesmo nível que sua tomada de alta e há então a necessidade de compensação da coluna de líquido na tomada do transmissor. Este tipo de instalação é requisitado onde se tem o transmissor a um nível inferior, que muitas vezes é na prática a maneira preferencial por facilitar acesso, visualização e manutenção.Neste caso, uma coluna líquida se forma com a altura do líquido dentro da tomada de impulso e o transmissor indicará um nível superior ao real.Isto deve ser considerado. É o que chamamos de Supressão de Zero.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;329&quot; src=&quot;http://www.smar.com/images/art_transmissorespressao_fig03.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; vspace=&quot;10&quot; width=&quot;450&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Figura 3 - Medição indireta utilizando transmissor de pressão diferencial em tanques abertos - Supressão de Zero.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Elevação de Zero (é a quantidade com que o valor zero de pressão supera o valor inferior):&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;de acordo com a Figura 4,&amp;nbsp; onde se pode ter o tanque fechado e o transmissor de pressão diferencial localizado abaixo de sua tomada Hi e não há selagem liquida na tomada de Low, é necessária a compensação da coluna de liquido aplicada&amp;nbsp; na tomada Hi, fazendo-se a Supressão de Zero. No caso onde existe a selagem liquida na tomada de pressão baixa (low), é necessária a compensação da coluna de liquido aplicada&amp;nbsp; na tomada Hi e na tomada Low.É o que chamamos de Elevação de Zero.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;344&quot; src=&quot;http://www.smar.com/images/art_transmissorespressao_fig04.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; vspace=&quot;10&quot; width=&quot;450&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Figura 4- Medição indireta utilizando transmissor de pressão diferencial em tanques abertos - Elevação de Zero.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Desvio de Zero (Zero Shift):&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;este é um erro constante em todas as medições.Pode ser positivo ou negativo. Pode acontecer por várias razões, como por exemplo mudanças de temperaturas, choque mecânico, diferenças de potenciais, aterramento inadequado, etc. Vide figura 5.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;369&quot; src=&quot;http://www.smar.com/images/art_transmissorespressao_fig05.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; vspace=&quot;10&quot; width=&quot;354&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;Figura 5- Desvio de Zero e Desvio de Span&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Desvio de Span (Span Shift):&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;uma mudança na derivada da relação entrada/saída é referida como desvio de span.Um erro de span pode ou não ser acompanhado por um erro de offset.Tipicamente, erros de calibração envolvem somente erros de span e são menos comuns que erros que envolvem erros no span e no zero ao mesmo tempo.Na grande maioria dos casos os erros em transmissores são desvios de zero.Vide figura 5.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Histerese:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;é o fenômeno no qual a saída do transmissor de pressão difere da mesma entrada aplicada dependendo da direção em que é aplicado o sinal de entrada, isto é, se ascendente ou descendente.Normalmente a calibração de um transmissor de pressão é feita usando-se a sequência: 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 75, 50, 25 e 0% do span.Vide figura 6.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;ecxfontsmallcinza&quot; style=&quot;padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;318&quot; src=&quot;http://www.smar.com/images/art_transmissorespressao_fig06.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; vspace=&quot;10&quot; width=&quot;375&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Figura 6 - Histerese&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Repetibilidade&lt;/strong&gt;:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;é o desvio percentual máximo com o qual uma mesma medição é indicada, sendo todas as condições reproduzidas extamente da mesma maneira.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Turndown(TD) ou Rangeabilidade:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;é a relação entre a máxima pressão(URL) e a mínima pressão medida(span mínimo calibrado). Por exemplo, um transmisssor tem o range de 0-5080 mmH2O e vai ser usado em 10:1, isto significa que transmissor irá medir de 0 a 508 mmH2O. TD = URL/Span Calibrado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Pressão Absoluta:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;valor medido sob as condições de vácuo, isto é, ausência de pressão.Também conhecida como zero absoluto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Pressão Atmosférica:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;pressão exercida pela atmosfera e que depende da altitude.Este valor diminui com o aumento da altitude e ao nível do mar vale 14,696 psia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Pressão Manométrica ou Gage:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;pressão em relação à atmosfera.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Pressão Diferencial:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;a pressão tomada em relação a uma referência.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Pressão estática ou de linha:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;pressão exercida em uma linha de pressão onde se tem vazão de fluido. É a pressão de processo aplicada em ambos as tomadas de um transmissor diferencial.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Pressão Hidrostática:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;pressão exercida por um líquido sob a superfície&amp;nbsp; abaixo do mesmo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Erro Total Provável (ETP): &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;todos os transmissores independentes de fabricantes possuem um erro que depende de vários pontos. Este erro é conhecido como Erro Total Provável(ETP). Este erro depende de certas condições:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Variação da temperatura ambiente;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Pressão estática;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Variação da tensão de alimentação;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Span Calibrado;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;URL do Transmissor;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Range do Transmissor;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Material de Construção;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Etc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;O ETP tem a seguinte fórmula:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;38&quot; src=&quot;http://www.smar.com/images/art_transmissorespressao_formula.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;550&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Acc = Exatidão&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;ZeroStaticError = Erro no Zero devido a influência da pressão estática&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;SpanStaticError = Erro no Span devido a influência da pressão estática&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;TempErr = Erro devido a variação de temperatura&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;VSErr = Erro devido a variação da tensão de alimentação&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;StabilityErr = Erro de estabilidade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;ecxsubtitle12&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Transmissores Inteligentes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Um transmissor inteligente combina a tecnologia do sensor mais sua eletrônica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Tipicamente, deve prover as seguintes características: Sinal digital de saída, Interface de comunicação digital, Compensação de pressão, Compensação de temperatura, Estabilidade, Deve permitir fácil e amigável calibração, Re-range com e sem referência,&amp;nbsp; Recursividade, Auto Diagnósticos,&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Fácil instalação,&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Alta confiabilidade,&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Baixos custos de instalação e manutenção,&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Curtos tempos de instalação e manutenção,&lt;br /&gt;Redução na intrusão/penetração(processo), Economizar espaços na instalação, Permitir upgrades para a tecnologia Foundation Fieldbus e Profibus PA, etc. Exemplos: LD301(HART/4-20mA), LD302(Foundation Fieldbus), LD303(Profibus-PA), LD400(Nova Série de Transmissores de Alta performance SMAR, SIS, etc).&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Alguns pontos que os usuários devem estar atentos:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Exatidão &amp;amp; Rangeabilidade:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;se é necessário equipamentos com tais requisitos, analise as fórmulas de exatidão ao longo de toda a faixa. Veja outras características também como tempo de resposta, Totalização, PID block,etc.elas podem ser mais úteis nas aplicações.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Modelos com estabilidade e garantia prolongada são mais caros. Verifique se a sua aplicação realmente necessita de tal requisito.Normalmente existem condições de processo e de instalação como requisitos para que esta garantia seja válida.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Proteção ao investimento:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;analise o preço de sobressalentes, intercambialidade entre modelos, simplicidade de especificação, atualização para outras tecnologias(Fieldbus Foundation, Profibus PA), prestação de serviços, suporte técnico, prazo de reposição, etc. São fatores que podem fazer com que a disponibilidade da planta possa ficar comprometida.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;


&amp;nbsp;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;ecxsubtitle12&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Transmissores Seguros&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Um transmissor de pressão especificado para áreas críticas, isto é, para a função de segurança, é um equipamento projetado com probabilidades de falhas baixas e alta confiabilidade de operação. No mercado existem dois conceitos.Um que é o baseado no &quot;Prove in Use&quot; e outro baseado na certificação da IEC 61508. Tem-se visto na prática em muitas aplicações a especificação de equipamentos com certificação SIL para serem utilizados em sistemas de controle, e sem função de segurança. Acredita-se também que exista no mercado desinformação, levando a compra de equipamentos mais caros, desenvolvidos para funções de segurança, onde na prática serão aplicados em funções de controle de processo, onde a certifição SIL não traz os benefícios esperados, dificultando inclusive a utilização e operação dos equipamentos.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Os Sistemas Instrumentados de Segurança (SIS) são os sistemas responsáveis pela segurança operacional&amp;nbsp; e que garantem a parada de emergência dentro dos limites considerados seguros, sempre que a operação ultrapassa estes limites.O objetivo principal é se evitar acidentes dentro e fora das fábricas,&amp;nbsp; como incêndios, explosões, danos aos equipamentos, proteção da produção e da propriedade e mais do que isto, evitar riscos de vidas ou danos à saúde pessoal e impactos catastróficos para a comunidade.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Nenhum equipamento é totalmente imune a falhas e sempre deve proporcionar mesmo em caso de falha, uma condição segura.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Os transmissores certificados de acordo com a IEC 61508 devem tratar basicamente 3 tipos de falhas: falhas de hardware randômicas, falhas sistemáticas, falhas de causas comuns.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;O que o usuário deve saber sobre Transmissores com certificação para aplicações SIL e por que eles não são a melhor opção para controle e monitoração?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Nenhuma mudança de configuração, simulação, multidrop ou teste de loop pode ser feita com o equipamento em operação normal (isto é, exigindo segurança). Nestas condições a saída não está em condição de ser avaliada seguramente. Ou seja, um equipamento HART/4-20mA com certificação SIL2, não estará com nível SIL caso a comunicação HART esteja habilitada e possibilitando escritas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Na condição segura deve estar com a proteção de escrita habilitada;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Nenhum ajuste local pode ser realizado(Ajuste local deve ser desabilitado);&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Nada é totalmente seguro.&amp;nbsp; O que se busca é reduzir a probabilidade de ocorrência de falhas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Em caso de falha , esta deve ser segura, isto é, ela pode ser identificada e permitir ações corretivas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;ecxsubtitle12&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Conclusão&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Vimos através deste artigo a importância de alguns conceitos em transmissores de pressão e alguns detalhes em que os usuários devem estar atentos em suas aplicações.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://automacao-tec.webnode.com.br/products/alguns%20conceitos%20importantes%20em%20transmissores%20de%20press%C3%A3o/&quot;&gt;FONTE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

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&lt;div class=&quot;fb-comments&quot; data-colorscheme=&quot;dark&quot; data-href=&quot;http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/09/transmissores-de-pressao.html&quot; data-num-posts=&quot;2&quot; data-width=&quot;500&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/feeds/8888069928555725349/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/09/transmissores-de-pressao.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/8888069928555725349'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/8888069928555725349'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/09/transmissores-de-pressao.html' title='Transmissores de Pressão'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2nH-cST0DvNf7LxlRMSFcrInmg9plWJekd3dkxmgkXrfRbpPEHDg-R0qoUN6N_ohx6icZV7ZPFzZQT7JFwq9soipUItExKukQMn3a3lwbGgfQj5YZwb1pL9rIA__4KtwPxdiExzYNsfAW/s72-c/img1165048o.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1651526912850569918.post-4702990559868252431</id><published>2011-09-22T17:58:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-11-20T07:40:19.082-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="automação"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Instrumentação"/><title type='text'>MEDIDORES DE VAZÃO</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;MEDIDORES DE VAZÃO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9ZfZ2ctXa199O-72Lp-Cuyt17kEuPuxVRQ_D-gFLthj7FDRPEGA9GGKIwBOpT2gEgmHdKvK-XncUHrGu_vh5w5q_66fC8ClMLsVPPBjutqnjxxcTYcWx9vXxSVqFxvyWxQYfKgmOBYgRb/s1600/PQAAAJmgeBXv8eyIsK1QRxK9KzeeYRll3ycJ4587Uha98n0yevR9LvoNMV0pvv1T1UCbzsA4QEL8TU7j692DVU-YG5BQR.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;237&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9ZfZ2ctXa199O-72Lp-Cuyt17kEuPuxVRQ_D-gFLthj7FDRPEGA9GGKIwBOpT2gEgmHdKvK-XncUHrGu_vh5w5q_66fC8ClMLsVPPBjutqnjxxcTYcWx9vXxSVqFxvyWxQYfKgmOBYgRb/s320/PQAAAJmgeBXv8eyIsK1QRxK9KzeeYRll3ycJ4587Uha98n0yevR9LvoNMV0pvv1T1UCbzsA4QEL8TU7j692DVU-YG5BQR.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Medidor de vazão é todo dispositivo que permite, de forma indireta, determinar o volume&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;de fluido que passa através de uma dada seção de escoamento por unidade de tempo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Função&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;A função do instrumento receptor associado à vazão pode ser uma ou a combinação das seguintes:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;1. indicação da vazão instantânea (ratemeter);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;2. registro para totalização posterior ou apenas para verificação;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;3. totalização direta da vazão, no local ou remota;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;4. controle contínuo ou liga-desliga.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Medidores com saída em pulso (deslocamento positivo, turbina, vortex, coriolis) são convenientes para&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;totalização; medidores com saída analógica (placa de orifício, magnético) são mais apropriados para registro e&amp;nbsp;controle. &amp;nbsp;Para a indicação, é indiferente se o sinal é analógico ou digital. &amp;nbsp;Medidores com deslocamento positivo&amp;nbsp;são totalizadores naturais de vazão e os rotâmetros de área variável são adequados para indicação local da vazão.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;O instrumento que possui a indicação instantânea da vazão e simultaneamente uma chave para atuação&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;liga-desliga de um contato é chamado de monitor de vazão.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Exemplo de um medidor Danfos observe que o medidor está instalado na tubulação e está enviando os dados para o IHM(inteface homem -máquina). ao lado do Não confunda o IHM do medidor de vazão com o inversor( o inversor de frequência da Danfos é o primeiro da esquerda).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/feeds/4702990559868252431/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/09/medidores-de-vazao.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/4702990559868252431'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/4702990559868252431'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/09/medidores-de-vazao.html' title='MEDIDORES DE VAZÃO'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9ZfZ2ctXa199O-72Lp-Cuyt17kEuPuxVRQ_D-gFLthj7FDRPEGA9GGKIwBOpT2gEgmHdKvK-XncUHrGu_vh5w5q_66fC8ClMLsVPPBjutqnjxxcTYcWx9vXxSVqFxvyWxQYfKgmOBYgRb/s72-c/PQAAAJmgeBXv8eyIsK1QRxK9KzeeYRll3ycJ4587Uha98n0yevR9LvoNMV0pvv1T1UCbzsA4QEL8TU7j692DVU-YG5BQR.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1651526912850569918.post-2363091339187102649</id><published>2011-08-07T11:59:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-11-20T07:40:42.125-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="automação"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="eletrotécnica"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="eletrônica"/><title type='text'>Resistência elétrica</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Lucida Grande&#39;, &#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Resistência elétrica&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;é a capacidade de um corpo qualquer se opor à passagem de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrente_el%C3%A9trica&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corrente elétrica&quot;&gt;corrente elétrica&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;mesmo quando existe uma&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diferen%C3%A7a_de_potencial&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Diferença de potencial&quot;&gt;diferença de potencial&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;aplicada. Seu cálculo é dado pela&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lei_de_Ohm&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Lei de Ohm&quot;&gt;Lei de Ohm&lt;/a&gt;, e, segundo o&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_Internacional_de_Unidades&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Sistema Internacional de Unidades&quot;&gt;Sistema Internacional de Unidades&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(SI), é medida em&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohms&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Ohms&quot;&gt;ohms&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Quando uma corrente elétrica é estabelecida em um&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condutor&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Condutor&quot;&gt;condutor&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;metálico, um número muito elevado de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%C3%A9trons&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Elétrons&quot;&gt;elétrons&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;livres passa a se deslocar nesse condutor. Nesse movimento, os elétrons colidem entre si e também contra os&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81tomos&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Átomos&quot;&gt;átomos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;que constituem o metal. Portanto, os elétrons encontram uma certa dificuldade para se deslocar, isto é, existe uma resistência à passagem da&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrente_el%C3%A9trica&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corrente elétrica&quot;&gt;corrente&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;no condutor. Para medir essa resistência, os cientistas definiram uma grandeza que denominaram&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistividade_el%C3%A9trica&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Resistividade elétrica&quot;&gt;resistividade elétrica&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Fatores que influenciam na resistividade de um material:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCScmjPS55gklgapcObUzFLmfg1fgW8DbYkKRWEUVh0ZAwV13LsTsg6QYUgB05aPh-BwAeVhoH7wXySTGTZIBLPmaZ7LcsjPC9h5_YCXw1G1hPdc3qt_hdEmvwBa1hQBrn10SPqM4lljFu/s1600/Resistors.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCScmjPS55gklgapcObUzFLmfg1fgW8DbYkKRWEUVh0ZAwV13LsTsg6QYUgB05aPh-BwAeVhoH7wXySTGTZIBLPmaZ7LcsjPC9h5_YCXw1G1hPdc3qt_hdEmvwBa1hQBrn10SPqM4lljFu/s200/Resistors.jpg&quot; width=&quot;164&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;A resistividade de um condutor é tanto maior quanto maior for seu comprimento.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;A resistividade de um condutor é tanto maior quanto menor for a área de sua seção transversal, isto é, quanto mais fino for o condutor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;A resistividade de um condutor depende do material de que ele é feito.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;A resistividade de um condutor depende da temperatura na qual ele se encontra.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-size: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Efeito_Joule&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Efeito Joule&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;Um condutor metálico, ao ser percorrido por uma corrente elétrica, se aquece. Num ferro de passar roupa, num secador de cabelos ou numa estufa elétrica, o calor é produzido pela corrente que atravessa um fio metálico. Esse fenômeno, chamado&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efeito_Joule&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Efeito Joule&quot;&gt;efeito Joule&lt;/a&gt;, deve-se aos choques dos&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%C3%A9trons&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Elétrons&quot;&gt;elétrons&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;contra os átomos do condutor. Em decorrência desses choques dos elétrons contra os átomos do retículo cristalino, a energia cinética média de oscilação de todos os átomos aumenta. Isso se manifesta como um aumento da temperatura do condutor. O efeito Joule é a transformação de energia elétrica em energia térmica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-size: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Associa.C3.A7.C3.A3o_de_resistores_em_s.C3.A9rie&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Associação de resistores em série&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;O resistor equivalente é calculado pela fórmula R&lt;sub style=&quot;height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; top: 0.5ex; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/sub&gt;= R1 + R2 + ... (está formula só é valida para associação de resistências em série) trocando em miúdos o valor da resistência equivalente é a soma dos valores da resistencia. Num circuito onde tenhamos duas resistências sendo R1 com valor de 100 Ohms e R2 com valor de 20 Ohms, portanto o valor da resistência total é de 120 Ohms, utilizando a formula teremos R&lt;sub style=&quot;height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; top: 0.5ex; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/sub&gt;= 100 + 20 Caso haja mais de dois resistores em série basta acrescentar os demais na fórmula e através de uma simples soma obtemos o valor da resistência equivalente:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;dl style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;&quot;&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;texhtml&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub style=&quot;height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; top: 0.5ex; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;e&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;q&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub style=&quot;height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; top: 0.5ex; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;+&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub style=&quot;height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; top: 0.5ex; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;+ ... +&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub style=&quot;height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; top: 0.5ex; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;Vale a pena lembrar que a corrente elétrica (I) permanece a mesma em todo o circuito, não variando seu valor nas extremidades dos resistores, mas isso é válido apenas para o circuito em série, no circuito em paralelo a corrente (I)diminui, porém a tensão ou ddp (V) permanece a mesma para todos os resisitores.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-size: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Associa.C3.A7.C3.A3o_de_resistores_em_paralelo&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;As&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;sociação de resistores em paralelo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE0LCmBG0G9JutLL_KsKUXPVVjN6n5-QInAztLv3FV8Y-dgpi9kzD9_rKwPm1COvU1baOc5eYESWm7jmMqYOAAgS2ULYgSsG1Zui6xCmUj0ElUtI5UZallcAmEG4EUS8Cv0DK7KmPQQdYg/s1600/200px-Resistencias_250W_5%2525_sobre_papel_milimetrado.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE0LCmBG0G9JutLL_KsKUXPVVjN6n5-QInAztLv3FV8Y-dgpi9kzD9_rKwPm1COvU1baOc5eYESWm7jmMqYOAAgS2ULYgSsG1Zui6xCmUj0ElUtI5UZallcAmEG4EUS8Cv0DK7KmPQQdYg/s1600/200px-Resistencias_250W_5%2525_sobre_papel_milimetrado.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Os resistores podem ser combinados basicamente em três tipos de associações:&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;em série&lt;/i&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;em paralelo&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;ou ainda em&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;associação mista&lt;/i&gt;, que é uma combinação das duas formas anteriores. Qualquer que seja o tipo da associação, esta sempre resultará numa única resistência total, normalmente designada como&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;resistência equivalente&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;- e sua forma abreviada de escrita é R&lt;sub style=&quot;height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; top: 0.5ex; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;eq&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;ou R&lt;sub style=&quot;height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; top: 0.5ex; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/sub&gt;. Características fundamentais de uma associação em paralelo de resistores:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;Há&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;mais de um caminho&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;para a corrente elétrica;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;A corrente elétrica&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;se distribui&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;entre os componentes do circuito;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;A corrente total que circula na associação é o somatório da corrente de cada resistor;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;O funcionamento de cada resistor é&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;independente&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;dos demais;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;A diferença de potencial (tensão elétrica)&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;é a mesma&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;em todos os resistores;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;O resistor de menor resistência será aquele que dissipa maior potência.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;A fórmula para o calculo de qualquer circuito paralelo com qualquer quantia de resistores e qualquer valor é a que se segue abaixo:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;R_{eq} = R_1 || R_2 = \frac {R_1.R_2}{R_1+R_2}&quot; class=&quot;tex&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/1/7/6/176d22fed1496c95d6ab493b08e2fa52.png&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;Caso os valores dos resistores sejam iguais, a resistência equivalente é igual ao valor de uma das resistências dividido pelo número de resistores utilizados&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;texhtml&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;i&gt;e&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;q&lt;/i&gt;. =&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;onde N = Número de resistores, em outras palavras,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;A Resistência Equivalente com dois resistores de valores diferentes pode ser definido da seguinte forma:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;R_{eq} = R_1 || R_2 = \frac {R_1.R_2}{R_1+R_2}&quot; class=&quot;tex&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/1/7/6/176d22fed1496c95d6ab493b08e2fa52.png&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;Para mais de dois resistores associados em paralelo deve-se aplicar a seguinte equação:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot; \frac {1}{R_{eq}} =  \frac {1}{R_1} + \frac {1}{R_2} + \frac {1}{R_3} + \frac {1}{R_n}&quot; class=&quot;tex&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/9/5/4/95443eec39bf2e6c65f4344fa78cb800.png&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Wallpaper shock insano click na imagem para ampliar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWFX-pxUbqumICXfPxlCtg3abnHmPOMZ0aiJTlvorIplWdgw4NfHbTrG8RcT2JBDwKK85qz2sQHqFdlLSyZJ8Y2EVC3CKkzIYsL8IYSEH2NOODN4OIiHkeUSqd79hzwBwyXR8ytmwxfnvG/s1600/S.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;125&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWFX-pxUbqumICXfPxlCtg3abnHmPOMZ0aiJTlvorIplWdgw4NfHbTrG8RcT2JBDwKK85qz2sQHqFdlLSyZJ8Y2EVC3CKkzIYsL8IYSEH2NOODN4OIiHkeUSqd79hzwBwyXR8ytmwxfnvG/s200/S.jpg&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resist%C3%AAncia_el%C3%A9trica&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;fonte&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;/script&gt;&lt;fb:comments colorscheme=&quot;dark&quot; href=&quot;http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/08/1-lei-de-ohm-valor-de-resistencias.html&quot; num_posts=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;500&quot;&gt;&lt;/fb:comments&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/feeds/2363091339187102649/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/08/1-lei-de-ohm-valor-de-resistencias.html#comment-form' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/2363091339187102649'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/2363091339187102649'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/08/1-lei-de-ohm-valor-de-resistencias.html' title='Resistência elétrica'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCScmjPS55gklgapcObUzFLmfg1fgW8DbYkKRWEUVh0ZAwV13LsTsg6QYUgB05aPh-BwAeVhoH7wXySTGTZIBLPmaZ7LcsjPC9h5_YCXw1G1hPdc3qt_hdEmvwBa1hQBrn10SPqM4lljFu/s72-c/Resistors.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1651526912850569918.post-1426942986753795649</id><published>2011-07-17T13:32:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-11-20T07:41:13.855-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="automação"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="eletrotécnica"/><title type='text'>INVERSORES DE FREQUÊNCIA</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;O Que é um inversor e para que serve ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfpOADGrx-Fg0b5XkEP1fFHExHfxu7CacjR63vjDsDVyXGvMpkcngQ-9tY_N6R2VF9DUuOp5TvE7wxGkoVBbfX53OCk76c2G-Q2YTkQGhtV3fyEu9hZ3Glsxe5fIB5bDJSaAy-LmSwOjkY/s1600/CFW-08_G.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfpOADGrx-Fg0b5XkEP1fFHExHfxu7CacjR63vjDsDVyXGvMpkcngQ-9tY_N6R2VF9DUuOp5TvE7wxGkoVBbfX53OCk76c2G-Q2YTkQGhtV3fyEu9hZ3Glsxe5fIB5bDJSaAy-LmSwOjkY/s320/CFW-08_G.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Conceito – dispositivo eletrônico que transforma energia elétrica CA fixa ( tensão e frequência ) em energia elétrica CA variável , controlando a potência consumida pela&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;carga.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;No caso específico , o inversor de frequência é utilizado para controlar a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;rotação de um motor assíncrono ( de indução). Isto é alcançado através do&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;controle micro processado de um circuito típico para alimentação do motor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;composto de transístores de potência que chaveam rapidamente uma tensão&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;CC , modificando o valor “rms” e o período .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Ao controlar a rotação o motor , flexibilizamos a produção da máquina que&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;é acionada pelo motor de indução.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Vantagens de se usar inversores&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Substituição de variadores mecânicos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Substituição de variadores eletro-magnéticos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Automatização e flexibilização dos processos fabris&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Comunicação avançada e aquisição de dados&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Eliminação de elementos de partida pesada e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;complicada&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Instalação mais simples.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Aumento da vida útil do maquinário.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Evita choques mecânicos( trancos) na partida.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Redução do nível de ruído.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Excelente regulação de pressão e vazão&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Economia de energia ( demanda e consumo).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Lembramos que 51% da energia elétrica gasta na industria&amp;nbsp;é usada para alimentar os motores.Podemos então ver a importância de se dimensionar corretamente nossos&amp;nbsp;motores e de reduzir ao máximo a potência consumida&amp;nbsp;otimizando os meios de controle e de processo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Como especificar um inversor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggmD7yQQXgvKNnYAt-azufkpioi6XoPDteqneLzk2vupW5vgw6FvAQd7V7RdvdKNJGVCiH5L77e5Yr6jTpnufWyiRMDmaUwRF6eyYEOokUBEdnkPpfQ22GP5LZZnXueRMSlb8QktXWRIJM/s1600/inverso1.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggmD7yQQXgvKNnYAt-azufkpioi6XoPDteqneLzk2vupW5vgw6FvAQd7V7RdvdKNJGVCiH5L77e5Yr6jTpnufWyiRMDmaUwRF6eyYEOokUBEdnkPpfQ22GP5LZZnXueRMSlb8QktXWRIJM/s1600/inverso1.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggmD7yQQXgvKNnYAt-azufkpioi6XoPDteqneLzk2vupW5vgw6FvAQd7V7RdvdKNJGVCiH5L77e5Yr6jTpnufWyiRMDmaUwRF6eyYEOokUBEdnkPpfQ22GP5LZZnXueRMSlb8QktXWRIJM/s320/inverso1.JPG&quot; width=&quot;292&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px;&quot;&gt;1.r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px;&quot;&gt;3. Ciclo de trabalho da máquina ( tempo para partir , rodar e parar )&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; 4. Quantidade de operações por hora ( ou minutos , ou dias )&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px;&quot;&gt;5. Tempo de aceleração e desaceleração&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px;&quot;&gt;6. Inércia da máquina&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px;&quot;&gt;7. Velocidade mínima e máxima&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px;&quot;&gt;8. Comando de 2 fios ou 3 fios&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px;&quot;&gt;9. Referencia de velocidade ( rede , sinal analógico , velocidade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;pre-selecionada , “step – logic” ,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px;&quot;&gt;velocidade fixa abaixo de 60 Hz , potenciometro )&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px;&quot;&gt;10. Acionará acima de 60 Hz ?&amp;nbsp;Cuidado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px;&quot;&gt;11. Tipo de parada ( inercia , rampa , frenagem CC )&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px;&quot;&gt;12. Resistor de frenagem ? Dimensionar ohms e watts .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px;&quot;&gt;13. Temperatura ambiente&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px;&quot;&gt;14. Usará contator na entrada ou na saída ?Cuidado com comando .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px;&quot;&gt;15. Comunicação serial ( devicenet , controlnet , ethernet , DF1, RS485 , )&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px;&quot;&gt;16. Ruído eletromagnético ( o inversor tem marca CE , tem filtros externos )&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px;&quot;&gt;17. Harmónicos ( analisar o impacto do inversor na instalação elétrica )&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px;&quot;&gt;18. Instalação elétrica - Aterramento e blindagem de cabos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px;&quot;&gt;19. Montagem em painel existente , novo , dentro de gaveta de CCM ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px;&quot;&gt;20. Proteção elétrica ( fusível , disjuntor , nível de curto – circuito )&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: large; font-weight: bold; line-height: 33px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Proteção Elétrica&amp;nbsp;de um sistema&amp;nbsp;com inversor&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 25px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSLOI8Y6cH2xUN-7IOrkT45F_oLstRl9RtNu6VzFgV8cFEeboSNmutxfiAqX5PXxLy5v4TqqMAUwFAnl-MScx-vc8jvcSnc3_IObYSW8XHtK9q8jHe4Mecb4SrnDcEvU21srDQdTr7V7Wl/s1600/drivers.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSLOI8Y6cH2xUN-7IOrkT45F_oLstRl9RtNu6VzFgV8cFEeboSNmutxfiAqX5PXxLy5v4TqqMAUwFAnl-MScx-vc8jvcSnc3_IObYSW8XHtK9q8jHe4Mecb4SrnDcEvU21srDQdTr7V7Wl/s1600/drivers.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: MSTT31c300;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: MSTT31c300;&quot;&gt;A placa Eletrônica de Controle contêm os circuitos responsáveis pelo comando,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: MSTT31c300;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;monitoração e&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: MSTT31c300;&quot;&gt;proteção dos componentes da potência.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: MSTT31c300;&quot;&gt;Este cartão contêm também circuitos de comando e sinalização que serão utilizados pelo usuário&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: MSTT31c300;&quot;&gt;de acordo com a aplicação, como saídas a relés e entradas digitais&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: MSTT31c300;&quot;&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Calculando o aquecimento do motor ( I2t ) instântaneamente ,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;levando em&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;consideração a velocidade do motor ,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;pois em baixas rotações a auto ventilação não permite&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;correntes altas no motor&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Notar que um relé térmico tradicional pode não operar corretamente ,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;pois em baixas&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;rotações a corrente do motor , geralmente é menor que a nominal e ,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;num evento de&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;uma sobrecarga ,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ela se elevará a um nível em que não sensibilizará o rele térmico.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;A&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;proteção interna do inversor é mais apropriada para proteção do motor e da instalação&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;elétrica até o motor.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Quando ocorrer o desarme por sobre corrente deve – se observar se foi devido a&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;aquecimento do motor ou do próprio inversor .&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Em caso do inversor ,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;verificar se a circulação de ar está livre ou se o ventilador&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;está funcionando.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Em caso do motor aguardar alguns minutos até o inversor permitir o religamento&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Ele , normalmente , aguarda um tempo para resfriamento do motor.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Porem isto&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;pode ser “zerado” para que permita a partida imediata do motor –&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;CUIDADO&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;PARA NÃO QUEIMAR O MOTOR.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Curto&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;–&amp;nbsp;circuito- Se um curto acontecer na saída do inversor ( nos terminais do motor ou&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;nos cabos entre inversor – motor) a sobre corrente é detectada internamente no inversor e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;um comando para bloquear os IGBT´s é dado.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;O curto é eliminado em micro segundos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;protegendo o inversor .&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Esta breve corrente é principalmente alimentada pelos capacitores&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;usados com os retificadores e&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;se torna imperceptível pela rede elétrica , conforme&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;descrito na figura abaixo .&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Portanto ,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;se torna importante que se dimensione o inversor dentro do nível de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;curto –&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;circuito no ponto onde está instalado&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;– caso ele não atenda , pode –se colocar um indutor&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;na entrada e/ ou na saída , que além de diminuir os ruídos , ajudam a diminuir o nível de&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;curto .&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Outra alternativa é colocar fusível na saída do inversor com capacidade de suporta&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;r&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;o curto .&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Aquecimento do inversor&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;– um sensor é colocado no dissipador traseiro para detectar&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;este aquecimento , e em caso de excesso , desliga o inversor – seu mau funcionament&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;o&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;pode causar o desligamento indevido , necessitando ser trocado.Verificar também ,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;se a&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ventilação está funcionando corretamente – bloqueio do fluxo de ar ou ventilador danificado&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;podem fazer o inversor parar&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Queda de tensão da rede&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;– Esta proteção é necessária para evitar um mau funcionamen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;to&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;dos circuitos de controle e o motor e para evitar a sobrecorrente quando a rede volta a&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;tensão nominal.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Geralmente , um valor de tempo de tolerância pode ser ajustado no&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;inversor para evitar&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;desligamentos indevido ( na faixa de alguns segundos – Ride Through)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;é usada para evitar danos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;aos seus componentes de força .&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiOGclwcZyEdeaqwaS0OKP_gd-dnr0nt1qtay4RkXTbJnQLNIv9BzY6h0AaY__eFZ-lnuzvx9YO90D0e7f9s4OiSp95FOzQDwecbSONHhxEbQfNWLqvRnSOnT6bpS6LujWtDzTxshlI4rd/s1600/DSC03000.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiOGclwcZyEdeaqwaS0OKP_gd-dnr0nt1qtay4RkXTbJnQLNIv9BzY6h0AaY__eFZ-lnuzvx9YO90D0e7f9s4OiSp95FOzQDwecbSONHhxEbQfNWLqvRnSOnT6bpS6LujWtDzTxshlI4rd/s1600/DSC03000.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; line-height: 25px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;O IHM &amp;nbsp;MOSTRA UM ERRO ( E06 ) DEVIDO&amp;nbsp;A FALTA OU INTERRUPÇÃO INADEQUADA&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; DE TENSÃO EM UMA &amp;nbsp;ENTRADA DIGITAL&amp;nbsp;DA PLACA DE CONTROLE.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px;&quot;&gt;Falta de fase – Nos inversores trifásico esta função protege sobrecorrente devido ao&lt;br /&gt;
funcionamento monofásico . Para o motor evita sobre aquecimento.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Fuga à terra&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;– Proteção quanto a baixa isolação do motor , cabos ou do próprio&lt;br /&gt;
inversor.Observar que esta medição se dá em alta frequência e pode causar confusão nas&lt;br /&gt;
medições de isolação que normalmente são feitas com aparelhos CC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;( megôhmetro&amp;nbsp;cabos e motores mais adequados .&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Aplicação de um Inversor de&amp;nbsp;frequência&amp;nbsp;da weg em um sistema de automação visando a economia de energia e melhor armazenamento de grãos!!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;320&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/7TogIuBP5AU?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: large; font-weight: bold; line-height: 33px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: large; font-weight: bold; line-height: 33px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Click abaixo para baixar uma apostila sobre inversores de frequência e sua&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: 800; line-height: 33px;&quot;&gt;aplicações&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: red; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: large; font-weight: bold; line-height: 33px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/script&gt;&lt;fb:comments colorscheme=&quot;dark&quot; href=&quot;http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/07/inversores-de-frequencia.html&quot; num_posts=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;500&quot;&gt;&lt;/fb:comments&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/feeds/1426942986753795649/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/07/inversores-de-frequencia.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/1426942986753795649'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/1426942986753795649'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/07/inversores-de-frequencia.html' title='INVERSORES DE FREQUÊNCIA'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfpOADGrx-Fg0b5XkEP1fFHExHfxu7CacjR63vjDsDVyXGvMpkcngQ-9tY_N6R2VF9DUuOp5TvE7wxGkoVBbfX53OCk76c2G-Q2YTkQGhtV3fyEu9hZ3Glsxe5fIB5bDJSaAy-LmSwOjkY/s72-c/CFW-08_G.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1651526912850569918.post-3962930505349182735</id><published>2011-07-10T14:27:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-11-20T07:41:44.224-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="automação"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="eletrônica"/><title type='text'>CLP ou PLC ( básico)</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;nota do editor( neste post você aprenderá sobre os CLP&#39;s, sobre sua história, sobre sua funções na indústria, e um pouco sobre seu funcionamento. lembre-se está é a aula básica nela você não aprenderá a programar um CLP, porém terá um noção de como ele funciona, bom estudo...)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&quot;&quot; frameborder=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;349&quot; src=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/embed/dFWxdsx9F7Q&quot; width=&quot;425&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;CLP&#39;S ou PLC&#39;s&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjDwFQKzrheKNs0vksNO6ttEcFeILtQPmqNK32KwhjRaLuebW_r72jovOSwkqDqvw15zRRWZjX6zMk9km_PavSRMmVuFRQAon02XNReXPNuUHAwtKTekPaXLQYN13S94MTqO4kYyXNND9M/s1600/clp2.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNYy8pEN519exBIGDnUJMjK8T50CV1jbOasRNTF646QE1hbc714HPaFboV7JIbGDDhz9BTsfIfJMB5LvyFCKrOSXdqfHqyAVXb5X3TBNPv3h5-ej4NFY2ySmV-hrREz9ons7L54qkM8cKy/s1600/clp3.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNYy8pEN519exBIGDnUJMjK8T50CV1jbOasRNTF646QE1hbc714HPaFboV7JIbGDDhz9BTsfIfJMB5LvyFCKrOSXdqfHqyAVXb5X3TBNPv3h5-ej4NFY2ySmV-hrREz9ons7L54qkM8cKy/s200/clp3.jpg&quot; width=&quot;197&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjDwFQKzrheKNs0vksNO6ttEcFeILtQPmqNK32KwhjRaLuebW_r72jovOSwkqDqvw15zRRWZjX6zMk9km_PavSRMmVuFRQAon02XNReXPNuUHAwtKTekPaXLQYN13S94MTqO4kYyXNND9M/s1600/clp2.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;117&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjDwFQKzrheKNs0vksNO6ttEcFeILtQPmqNK32KwhjRaLuebW_r72jovOSwkqDqvw15zRRWZjX6zMk9km_PavSRMmVuFRQAon02XNReXPNuUHAwtKTekPaXLQYN13S94MTqO4kYyXNND9M/s200/clp2.jpg&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjDwFQKzrheKNs0vksNO6ttEcFeILtQPmqNK32KwhjRaLuebW_r72jovOSwkqDqvw15zRRWZjX6zMk9km_PavSRMmVuFRQAon02XNReXPNuUHAwtKTekPaXLQYN13S94MTqO4kYyXNND9M/s1600/clp2.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhha9RLWANKjO0KyLyADASJRByWsuaOLkykruwaZWukztUzRByxnsPa-dAq12-_mY6D0FOSUxIgT42SO-jauTq-HsU66VKQkBE4_WHvh68wGWqNVBDjeesygiGHq3ZiPEN3EUg8BfoknWuY/s1600/clp1.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhha9RLWANKjO0KyLyADASJRByWsuaOLkykruwaZWukztUzRByxnsPa-dAq12-_mY6D0FOSUxIgT42SO-jauTq-HsU66VKQkBE4_WHvh68wGWqNVBDjeesygiGHq3ZiPEN3EUg8BfoknWuY/s200/clp1.jpg&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;Um&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Controlador lógico programável&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ou Controlador programável, conhecido também por suas siglas&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;CLP&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ou&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;CP&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;e pela sigla de expressão inglesa&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;PLC&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Programmable logic controller&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;), é um computador especializado, baseado num&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessador&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Microprocessador&quot;&gt;microprocessador&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;que desenpenha funções de controle através de softwares desenvolvidos pelo usuário (cada CLP tem seu próprio software)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugu%C3%AAs_brasileiro&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Português brasileiro&quot;&gt;PB&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;- controle&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugu%C3%AAs_europeu&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Português europeu&quot;&gt;PE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;de diversos tipos e níveis de complexidade. Geralmente as famílias de Controladores Lógicos Programáveis são definidas pela capacidade de processamento de um determinado numero de pontos de Entradas e/ou Saídas (E/S).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Controlador Lógico Programável&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Segundo a&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;ABNT&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas), é um equipamento eletrônico digital com hardware e software compatíveis com aplicações industriais. Segundo a NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association), é um aparelho eletrônico digital que utiliza uma memória programável para armazenar internamente instruções e para implementar funções específicas, tais como lógica, seqüenciamento, temporização, contagem e aritmética, controlando, por meio de módulos de entradas e saídas, vários tipos de máquinas ou processos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;Um CLP é o controlador indicado para lidar com sistemas caracterizados por eventos&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discreto&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Discreto&quot;&gt;discretos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;(SEDs), ou seja, com processos em que as variáveis assumem valores zero ou um (ou variáveis ditas digitais, ou seja, que só assumem valores dentro de um conjunto finito). Podem ainda lidar com variáveis analógicas definidas por intervalos de valores de corrente ou tensão elétrica. As entradas e/ou saídas digitais são os elementos discretos, as entradas e/ou saídas analógicas são os elementos variáveis entre valores conhecidos de tensão ou corrente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;Os CLP&#39;s estão muito difundidos nas áreas de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controle_de_processos&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Controle de processos&quot;&gt;controle de processos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;ou de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_industrial&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Automação industrial&quot;&gt;automação industrial&lt;/a&gt;. No primeiro caso a aplicação se dá nas industrias do tipo contínuo, produtoras de líquidos, materiais gasosos e outros produtos, no outro caso a aplicação se dá nas áreas relacionadas com a produção em linhas de montagem, por exemplo na indústria do automóvel.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;Num sistema típico, toda a informação dos&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Sensor&quot;&gt;sensores&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;é concentrada no&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlador&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Controlador&quot;&gt;controlador&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(CLP) que de acordo com o programa em memória define o estado dos&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontos_de_sa%C3%ADda&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pontos de saída&quot;&gt;pontos de saída&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;conectados a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Atuadores&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Atuadores (página não existe)&quot;&gt;atuadores&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;Os CLPs tem capacidade de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_dados&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Comunicação de dados&quot;&gt;comunicação de dados&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;via canais seriais. Com isto podem ser supervisionados por computadores formando&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sistemas_de_controle_integrados&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Sistemas de controle integrados (página não existe)&quot;&gt;sistemas de controle integrados&lt;/a&gt;. Softwares de supervisão controlam redes de Controladores Lógicos Programáveis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;Os canais de comunicação nos CLP´s permitem conectar à interface de operação (IHM), computadores, outros CLP´s e até mesmo com unidades de entradas e saídas remotas. Cada fabricante estabelece um&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocolo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Protocolo&quot;&gt;protocolo&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;para fazer com seus equipamentos troquem informações entre si. Os protocolos mais comuns são Modbus (Modicon - Schneider Eletric), EtherCAT (Beckhoff), Profibus (Siemens), Unitelway (Telemecanique - Schneider Eletric) e DeviceNet (Allen Bradley), entre muitos outros.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;Redes de campo abertas como&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/PROFIBUS-DP&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;PROFIBUS-DP&quot;&gt;PROFIBUS-DP&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;são de uso muito comum com CLPs permitindo aplicações complexas na indústria automobilística, siderurgica, de papel e celulose, e outras.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: center; width: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Hist.C3.B3ria&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;História&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;O PLC foi idealizado pela necessidade de poder se alterar uma linha de montagem sem que tenha de fazer grandes modificações mecânicas e elétricas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;O CLP nasceu praticamente dentro da industria automobilística, especificamente na&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydronic_Division&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Hydronic Division (página não existe)&quot;&gt;Hydronic Division&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;da&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;General Motors&quot;&gt;General Motors&lt;/a&gt;, em&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1968&quot;&gt;1968&lt;/a&gt;, sob o comando do engenheiro&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Morley&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Richard Morley (página não existe)&quot;&gt;Richard Morley&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;e seguindo uma especificação que refletia as necessidades de muitas indústrias manufatureiras.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;A idéia inicial do CLP foi de um equipamento com seguintes características resumidas:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;1. Facilidade de programação;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;2. Facilidade de manutenção com conceito plug-in;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;3. Alta confiabilidade;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;4. Dimensões menores que painéis de Relês, para redução de custos;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;5. Envio de dados para processamento centralizado;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;6. Preço competitivo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;7. Expansão em módulos;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;8. Mínimo de 4000 palavras na memória.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Podemos didaticamente dividir os CLP&#39;s historicamente de acordo com o sistema de programação por ele utilizado:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1ª Geração&lt;/b&gt;: Os CLP&#39;s de primeira geração se caracterizam pela programação intimamente ligada ao hardware do equipamento. A linguagem utilizada era o&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Assembly&quot;&gt;Assembly&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;que variava de acordo com o processador utilizado no projeto do CLP, ou seja, para poder programar era necessário conhecer a eletrônica do projeto do CLP. Assim a tarefa de programação era desenvolvida por uma equipe técnica altamente qualificada, gravando-se o programa em memória&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROM&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;EPROM&quot;&gt;EPROM&lt;/a&gt;, sendo realizada normalmente no laboratório junto com a construção do CLP.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;2ª Geração&lt;/b&gt;: Aparecem as primeiras “&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguagens_de_Programa%C3%A7%C3%A3o&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Linguagens de Programação&quot;&gt;Linguagens de Programação&lt;/a&gt;” não tão dependentes do hardware do equipamento, possíveis pela inclusão de um “Programa Monitor “ no CLP, o qual converte (no jargão técnico, “compila”), as instruções do programa, verifica o estado das entradas, compara com as instruções do programa do usuário e altera o estados das saídas. Os Terminais de Programação (ou maletas, como eram conhecidas) eram na verdade Programadores de Memória EPROM. As memórias depois de programadas eram colocadas no CLP para que o programa do usuário fosse executado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;3ª Geração&lt;/b&gt;: Os CLP&#39;s passam a ter uma Entrada de Programação, onde um Teclado ou Programador Portátil é conectado, podendo alterar, apagar, gravar o programa do usuário, além de realizar testes (Debug) no equipamento e no programa. A estrutura física também sofre alterações sendo a tendência para os Sistemas Modulares com Bastidores ou Racks.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;4ª Geração&lt;/b&gt;: Com a popularização e a diminuição dos preços dos microcomputadores (normalmente clones do IBM PC), os CLP&#39;s passaram a incluir uma entrada para a comunicação serial. Com o auxílio dos microcomputadores a tarefa de programação passou a ser realizada nestes. As vantagens eram a utilização de várias representações das linguagens, possibilidade de simulações e testes, treinamento e ajuda por parte do software de programação, possibilidade de armazenamento de vários programas no micro, etc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;5ª Geração&lt;/b&gt;: Atualmente existe uma preocupação em padronizar protocolos de comunicação para os CLP&#39;s, de modo a proporcionar que o equipamento de um fabricante “converse” com o equipamento outro fabricante, não só CLP&#39;s, como&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controladores_de_Processos&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Controladores de Processos&quot;&gt;Controladores de Processos&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemas_Supervis%C3%B3rios&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Sistemas Supervisórios&quot;&gt;Sistemas Supervisórios&lt;/a&gt;, Redes Internas de Comunicação e etc., proporcionando uma integração a fim de facilitar a automação, gerenciamento e desenvolvimento de plantas industriais mais flexíveis e normalizadas, fruto da chamada Globalização. Existem Fundações Mundiais para o estabelecimento de normas e protocolos de comunicação. A grande dificuldade tem sido uma padronização por parte dos fabricantes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Com o avanço da tecnologia e consolidação da aplicação dos CLPs no controle de sistemas automatizados, é frequente o desenvolvimento de novos recursos dos mesmos. Com os clp&#39;s temos um aumento na praticidade de processos indústriais , não mais necessitando de relês eletromagnéticos, com isso aumentando a velocidade e produtividade de processos indústriais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlador_l%C3%B3gico_program%C3%A1vel&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Fonte&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/feeds/3962930505349182735/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/07/clp-ou-plc-basico.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/3962930505349182735'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/3962930505349182735'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/07/clp-ou-plc-basico.html' title='CLP ou PLC ( básico)'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://img.youtube.com/vi/dFWxdsx9F7Q/default.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1651526912850569918.post-631676530707764086</id><published>2011-07-07T14:19:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-11-20T07:42:09.673-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="automação"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="eletrotécnica"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="eletrônica"/><title type='text'>Definição de eletricidade</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;nota do editor ( Como este blog é voltado para estudantes da área de elétrica e seus setores derivado &quot;automação,eletrotécnica ...&quot; resolvi&amp;nbsp;partir&amp;nbsp;desde o principio, a base de todo curso técnico voltado para elétrica. o seja o que é eletricidade. mais como é um assunto bem monótono eu resolvi reunir vários videos de video-aulas do telecurso 2000 sobre física &amp;nbsp;pois aprendendo como eletricidade funciona você aprenderá com mais facilidade sobre os equipamentos que dependem dela! primeiro porei um texto só pra resumir depois virá os videos. recomendo assistir a todos os videos em ordem. )&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;O que é eletricidade?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYAVfJZpSP2f2jIDiLFGCinjNt006PZR4O4DT0qItQ4mF-9YgVuhK4ofRZIVSD_sQNLWnyRCY-1tUvHgj8vGsYQuO2Fw7RolYK7trCMyyxo-2PyeChgJ5YDbz-UcFRebK045PAftovhtQA/s1600/eletricidade2.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;213&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYAVfJZpSP2f2jIDiLFGCinjNt006PZR4O4DT0qItQ4mF-9YgVuhK4ofRZIVSD_sQNLWnyRCY-1tUvHgj8vGsYQuO2Fw7RolYK7trCMyyxo-2PyeChgJ5YDbz-UcFRebK045PAftovhtQA/s320/eletricidade2.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;A eletricidade é o resultado da existência de carga elétrica nos átomos que constituem a matéria. Como se sabe, um átomo é composto por prótons (cargas positivas), elétrons (cargas negativas) e nêutrons, que não possuem carga. Os prótons e os nêutrons ficam no interior do núcleo do átomo, os elétrons ficam na eletrosfera - ao redor do núcleo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;O estudo da eletricidade é dividido em três partes:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Eletrostática&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;– estuda as cargas elétricas em repouso;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Eletrodinâmica&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;– é o estudo das cargas elétricas em movimentação, ou seja, o estudo de corrente elétrica e das propriedades dos circuitos que são percorridos por ela.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Eletromagnetismo&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;– nessa parte são estudadas as relações entre a eletricidade e o magnetismo, bem como a ligação entre os fenômenos magnéticos e elétricos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Vídeo&amp;nbsp;aulas do telecurso 2000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;história da força&amp;nbsp;elétrica&amp;nbsp;e como carregar um objeto elétricamente&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;320&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/Y3MVubJ8Qww?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;diferença entre força elétrica e força gravitacional&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Campo elétrico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;320&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/pQxprXiyP5E?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;320&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/I-OibCwnkbQ?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;energia&amp;nbsp;potencial&amp;nbsp;elétrica. para quem trabalha com alta tensão é crucial conhecer sobre isso.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Essa aula é importante pois mostra a diferença entre corrente continua e corrente alternada. na minha opinião é uma das aulas mais importantes. eu só coloquei as outras para que você não fique perdido&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;object class=&quot;BLOGGER-youtube-video&quot; classid=&quot;clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000&quot; codebase=&quot;http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0&quot; data-thumbnail-src=&quot;http://1.gvt0.com/vi/5PS_TZ9UDSU/0.jpg&quot; height=&quot;266&quot; width=&quot;320&quot;&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;movie&quot; value=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/v/5PS_TZ9UDSU&amp;fs=1&amp;source=uds&quot; /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;outra aula importante sobre&amp;nbsp;resistência&amp;nbsp;resistores lineares e etc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;320&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/kFyh0at2ntM?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;320&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/kFyh0at2ntM?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;funcionamento de geradores&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;circuitos elétricos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;320&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/17pyGqKpEis?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;principio de funcionamento de motores elétricos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;320&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/Cx3gMDG7NaA?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
o que é um transformador&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;320&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/A4X2KEDxa-E?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/feeds/631676530707764086/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/07/definicao-de-eletricidade.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/631676530707764086'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/631676530707764086'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/07/definicao-de-eletricidade.html' title='Definição de eletricidade'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYAVfJZpSP2f2jIDiLFGCinjNt006PZR4O4DT0qItQ4mF-9YgVuhK4ofRZIVSD_sQNLWnyRCY-1tUvHgj8vGsYQuO2Fw7RolYK7trCMyyxo-2PyeChgJ5YDbz-UcFRebK045PAftovhtQA/s72-c/eletricidade2.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1651526912850569918.post-2592174676055920328</id><published>2011-06-20T18:17:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-06-20T18:17:46.700-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="automação"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="eletrotécnica"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="eletrônica"/><title type='text'>Como a energia é gerada?</title><content type='html'>Antes de ler o texto veja este videos para maior entendimento.&lt;br /&gt;
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Vídeo&amp;nbsp;aula do telecurso 2000&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;320&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/A4X2KEDxa-E?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;object width=&quot;320&quot; height=&quot;266&quot; class=&quot;BLOGGER-youtube-video&quot; classid=&quot;clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000&quot; codebase=&quot;http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0&quot; data-thumbnail-src=&quot;http://1.gvt0.com/vi/_Lu7wP3QWOE/0.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;movie&quot; value=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/v/_Lu7wP3QWOE&amp;fs=1&amp;source=uds&quot; /&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;bgcolor&quot; value=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot; /&gt;&lt;embed width=&quot;320&quot; height=&quot;266&quot;  src=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/v/_Lu7wP3QWOE&amp;fs=1&amp;source=uds&quot; type=&quot;application/x-shockwave-flash&quot;&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;A geração de eletricidade&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;é o primeiro processo na entrega da eletricidade aos consumidores. Outros três processos são transmissão de energia elétrica , distribuição da eletricidade e a venda da eletricidade .&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;Geração de electricidade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tright&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 302px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficheiro:Water_turbine.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; height=&quot;313&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Water_turbine.jpg/300px-Water_turbine.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;300&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;A importância da geração, da transmissão e da distribuição seguras de eletricidade ganhou destaque quando se tornou aparente que a eletricidade era útil para fornecer o calor, a luz e a energia em geral para as atividades humanas. A geração de energia descentralizada tornou-se altamente atrativa quando se reconheceu que as linhas de energia elétrica em corrente alternada podiam transportar a eletricidade com baixos custos por grandes distâncias.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;O sistema de energia elétrica foi concebido com a finalidade de alimentar as tecnologias humanas. As primeiras usinas geradoras de energia utilizavam madeira como combustível, hoje são utilizados principalmente o petróleo , o gás natural , o carvão , o potencial hidroelectrico e nuclear, ainda em pequena escala o hidrogênio, a energia solar, e a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energia_e%C3%B3lica&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Energia eólica&quot;&gt;geradores do vento&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;M.C3.A9todos_de_gerar_eletricidade&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Métodos de gerar eletricidade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tright&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 202px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficheiro:Krasnoyarsk_hydroelectric_station.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; height=&quot;150&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Krasnoyarsk_hydroelectric_station.jpg/200px-Krasnoyarsk_hydroelectric_station.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficheiro:Krasnoyarsk_hydroelectric_station.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Ampliar&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;barragem de uma usina hidroelectrica&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;As&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbina&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Turbina&quot;&gt;turbinas&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;girando unidas aos&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerador&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Gerador&quot;&gt;geradores&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;elétricos produzem a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricidade&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Electricidade&quot;&gt;eletricidade&lt;/a&gt;. As turbinas podem ser movidas usando o&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapor&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Vapor&quot;&gt;vapor&lt;/a&gt;, a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81gua&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Água&quot;&gt;água&lt;/a&gt;, o&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vento&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Vento&quot;&gt;vento&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;ou outros líquidos como um portador de energia intermediário. As fontes de energia mais comuns são as térmicas, combustíveis fosseis, reatores nucleares, para a gerarção de vapor, e da&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energia_potencial&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Energia potencial&quot;&gt;energia potencial&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitacional&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Gravitacional&quot;&gt;gravitacional&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;das&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barragem&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Barragem&quot;&gt;barragens&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;das usinas hidroelétricas. As&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilha&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pilha&quot;&gt;pilhas&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;produzem a eletricidade pelas&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rea%C3%A7%C3%A3o&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reação&quot;&gt;reações&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_de_oxida%C3%A7%C3%A3o&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Número de oxidação&quot;&gt;óxido&lt;/a&gt;-&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redu%C3%A7%C3%A3o&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Redução&quot;&gt;redução&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;com uma variedade de produtos químicos.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;O mundo confia principalmente no&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carv%C3%A3o&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Carvão&quot;&gt;carvão&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;e no&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1s_natural&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Gás natural&quot;&gt;gás natural&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;para fornecer energia. As exigências elevadas da&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energia_nuclear&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Energia nuclear&quot;&gt;Energia nuclear&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;em termos de segurança devido aos altos riscos envolvidos impediram a proliferação desse tipo de estrutura na América do Norte desde 1970 .&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;As turbinas de vapor podem produzir energia usando o&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapor&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Vapor&quot;&gt;vapor&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;produzido das fontes geotermicas, da energia solar , dos&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactor_nuclear&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reactor nuclear&quot;&gt;reatores nucleares&lt;/a&gt;, que usam a energia criada pela fissão do&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plut%C3%B4nio&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Plutônio&quot;&gt;plutônio&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;ou do&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ur%C3%A2nio&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Urânio&quot;&gt;urânio&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioativo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Radioativo&quot;&gt;radioativo&lt;/a&gt;, ou de qualquer fonte de energia térmica para gerar o&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calor&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Calor&quot;&gt;calor&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;A usina hidroelectrica usa a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81gua&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Água&quot;&gt;água&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;que flui diretamente através das&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbina&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Turbina&quot;&gt;turbinas&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;para converter a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energia_potencial&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Energia potencial&quot;&gt;energia potencial&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitacional&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Gravitacional&quot;&gt;gravitacional&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;em energia elétrica. As turbinas do vento (eólicas) usam o vento para girar as pás das turbinas que são conectadas em um gerador e assim converter a energia armazenada nas correntes de ar em energia elétrica.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;A geração de energia pela&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fus%C3%A3o_termonuclear&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Fusão termonuclear (página não existe)&quot;&gt;fusão termonuclear&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;foi sugerida como uma maneira possível de gerar a eletricidade. Atualmente um número de obstáculos técnicos e de interesses ambientais existem, mas se a fusão realizada puder fornecer uma fonte relativamente limpa e segura de energia elétrica, a construção de um reator experimental espera-se começar em 2005-2006.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_eletricidade&quot;&gt;Fonte&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
nos próximos post eu falarei sobre transformadores</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/feeds/2592174676055920328/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/06/como-energia-e-gerada.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/2592174676055920328'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/2592174676055920328'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/06/como-energia-e-gerada.html' title='Como a energia é gerada?'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1651526912850569918.post-8958792518600964179</id><published>2011-06-18T18:38:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-06-18T18:38:27.262-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="eletrotécnica"/><title type='text'>contatores auxiliares</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href=&quot;http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/06/contator.html&quot;&gt;CONTINUAÇÃO DE CONTATORES&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Conta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;tores&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;auxil&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;iares&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Os contatores auxiliares são utilizados para aumentar o número de contatos auxiliares dos contatores de motores para comandar contatores de elevado consumo na bobina, para evitar repique, para sinalização&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Os contatores auxiliares tem as seguintes características:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Tamanho físico variável conforme o número de contatos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Potência da bobina do eletroímã praticamente constante&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Corrente nominal de carga máxima de 10 A para todos os contatos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Ausência de necessidade de relê de prteção e de câmara de extinção&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;PARA COMPREENDER MELHOR O TEXTO ACIMA VEJA ESTA MINI AULA&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;320&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/IbytZRNYOco?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.eletricabasica.kit.net/contatores.htm&quot;&gt;FONTE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/feeds/8958792518600964179/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/06/contatores-auxiliares.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/8958792518600964179'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/8958792518600964179'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/06/contatores-auxiliares.html' title='contatores auxiliares'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1651526912850569918.post-3205213993477201501</id><published>2011-06-18T17:32:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-06-19T10:13:21.257-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="eletrotécnica"/><title type='text'>Contator</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Contactor&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;é um dispositivo&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eletr%C3%B4nica&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Eletrônica&quot;&gt;eletromecânico&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;que permite, a partir de um circuito de comando, efetuar o controle de cargas num circuito de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pot%C3%AAncia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Potência&quot;&gt;potência&lt;/a&gt;. Essas cargas podem ser de qualquer tipo, desde tensões diferentes do circuito de co&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Vantagem_do_emprego_de_contactores&quot;&gt;Vantagem do emprego de contactores&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficheiro:ACcontactor.JPG&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; clear: right; color: #0645ad; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; height=&quot;185&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/ACcontactor.JPG/220px-ACcontactor.JPG&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;220&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;Comando à distância&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;Elevado número de manobras&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;Grande vida útil mecânica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;Pequeno espaço para montagem&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;Garantia de contacto imediato&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;Tensão de operação de 85 a 110% da tensão nominal prevista para contator&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;- Maior numero de contatos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;mando, até conter multiplas fases.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tright&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficheiro:ACcontactor.JPG&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Ampliar&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;Contator AC para manobra de motores.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;É constituido por uma bobina que produz um&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campo_magn%C3%A9tico&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Campo magnético&quot;&gt;campo magnético&lt;/a&gt;, que conjuntamente a uma parte fixa, proporciona movimento a uma parte móvel. Essa parte móvel por sua vez, altera o estado dos seus contactos associados. Os que estão abertos, fecha-os, os que estão fechados, abre-os. Este contactos podem ser de dois tipos, os de potência e os auxiliares.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;Os de potência, geralmente são apresentados em grupos de 3, devido a sua vulgaridade em comandar motores do tipo trifásicos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Tipos_de_contactores&quot;&gt;Tipos de contactores&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;Os contactores podem ser do tipo principais, que geralmente possuem 3 contatos NA (normalmente abertos) de potência, 2 NA&#39;s auxiliares, ou seja de comando, e mais 2 NF&#39;s (normalmente fechados) auxiliares, tambem para o comando.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/06/contatores-auxiliares.html&quot;&gt;também podem ser do tipo auxiliares&lt;/a&gt;, que possuem contatos apenas de comando, ou seja , seus contatos suportam uma menor corrente do que os principais.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;vale lembrar que os contactores em geral possuem os chamados blocos aditivos, que são vendidos separadamente, variam de fabricante para fabricante, e tem a função de proporcionar contatos adicionais ao contactor (alguns modelos são de acoplamento frontal, e outros de acoplamento lateral).&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Principais_fabricantes&quot;&gt;Principais fabricantes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;Schnneider-Electric (marca francesa que detém a tradicional marca Telemecanique)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;Siemens (marca alemã tradicional em comandos elétricos, eletrônica, etc.)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;Moeller Eletric (marca alemã adquirida em 2008 pela Eaton)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;Steck (desde 1975 no mercado com versões normais e mini para encaixe em trilhos DIN 35mm)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;ABB (marca suíça tradicional em alta, média e baixa tensão)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;WEG (marca brasileira tradicional em motores e comandos elétricos)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;para&amp;nbsp;compreender&amp;nbsp;melhor o texto acima veja estas 2 mini-aulas&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;object class=&quot;BLOGGER-youtube-video&quot; classid=&quot;clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000&quot; codebase=&quot;http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0&quot; data-thumbnail-src=&quot;http://0.gvt0.com/vi/tL4uYdp_Neg/0.jpg&quot; height=&quot;266&quot; width=&quot;320&quot;&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;movie&quot; value=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/v/tL4uYdp_Neg&amp;fs=1&amp;source=uds&quot; /&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;bgcolor&quot; value=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot; /&gt;&lt;embed width=&quot;320&quot; height=&quot;266&quot;  src=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/v/tL4uYdp_Neg&amp;fs=1&amp;source=uds&quot; type=&quot;application/x-shockwave-flash&quot;&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contator&quot;&gt;fonte&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/feeds/3205213993477201501/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/06/contator.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/3205213993477201501'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/3205213993477201501'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/06/contator.html' title='Contator'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1651526912850569918.post-5062278595712181029</id><published>2011-06-17T15:38:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-11-20T07:43:20.707-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="automação"/><title type='text'>Tipos de sensores e funcionamento</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: white; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: white; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirli1M70Wj3sbERfHJ4STRPvtDaIxd0oF1vkyHwFKhl7VTAz8i2StCHpxA481CNBINj5xoP9q7kpsTI5e2MigEGMhGKbt_nmo59iCZhyeFiQEBY_OFYZFJ8CoW0QZhkRfQLrd6N2q_oVUS/s1600/sensores_de_prox.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirli1M70Wj3sbERfHJ4STRPvtDaIxd0oF1vkyHwFKhl7VTAz8i2StCHpxA481CNBINj5xoP9q7kpsTI5e2MigEGMhGKbt_nmo59iCZhyeFiQEBY_OFYZFJ8CoW0QZhkRfQLrd6N2q_oVUS/s400/sensores_de_prox.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: white; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: white; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: white; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Antes de ler este artigo veja essa mini-aula do senai sc&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: white; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: white; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;para maior entendimento&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;320&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/hqZQ29pfCvQ?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: white; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: white; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: white; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;tipos de sensores &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: white; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Detetores de limite mecânico&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;taghw style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; Por meio destes detetores de limite detectam-se certas&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.clubetecnico.com.br/impressoras/56-dicas-e-tutoriais-sobre-reparo-em-impressoras/170-tipos-de-sensores-e-funcionamento.html#&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;posições&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;finais de partes de maquinas ou outras unidades de trabalhos. Normalmente os elementos fim de curso tem um contato NA e um NF.&lt;/taghw&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;taghw style=&quot;background-color: white; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.clubetecnico.com.br/impressoras/56-dicas-e-tutoriais-sobre-reparo-em-impressoras/170-tipos-de-sensores-e-funcionamento.html#&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Sensor&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de proximidade magnética&lt;/taghw&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;taghw style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Esses elementos são especialmente&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.clubetecnico.com.br/impressoras/56-dicas-e-tutoriais-sobre-reparo-em-impressoras/170-tipos-de-sensores-e-funcionamento.html#&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;vantajosos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;quando se necessita para montagem de chaves fim de curso convencionais, ou quando são solicitadas sob condições ambientais diversas (poeira, umidade, cavaco etc.). Construtivamente tratam-se de dois contatos colocados no interior de uma ampola é colocada num invólucro que posteriormente e preenchido com resina sintética, servido assim base para o conjunto.&lt;/taghw&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Funcionamento: ao aproximar-se um imã permanente ou uma bobina alimentada com corrente continua deste invólucro, o campo magnético atravessa a ampola, fazendo com que as duas laminas em seu interior se juntem, estabelecendo um contato elétrico. Removendo-se o campo magnético, o contato é imediatamente desfeito.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Detetor de limite indutivo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;taghw style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Em maquinas ou dispositivos, freqüentemente são necessárias a detecção de partes moveis ou objetos, assim como tarefas de contagem, que não possibilitam o uso de chaves fim de curso convencionais, por não possuírem força, peso ou dureza suficientemente. Para estes casos, podem ser empregados os detetores indutivos. São constituídos por um&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.clubetecnico.com.br/impressoras/56-dicas-e-tutoriais-sobre-reparo-em-impressoras/170-tipos-de-sensores-e-funcionamento.html#&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;circuito&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;oscilador, um circuito de disparo e um circuito amplificador.&lt;/taghw&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Funcionamento: o oscilado gera; através de uma bobina um campo magnético alternado, um corpo metálico, são produzidas correntes parasitas neste, absorvendo energia do oscilador . Em virtude disto, a tensão do oscilador cai, acionando o circuito disparador, que emite sinal, posteriormente este sinal é amplificado para compatibiliza-lo com a carga a ser comandada. (só reage na presença de metais).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;320&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/HCGXw45Cu90?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;xemplo de funcionamento sensores indutivos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Detetor de limite capacitivo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Os sensores capacitivos têm a forma de atuação semelhante aos sensores indutores. Possuem um oscilador que nos tipos usuais, não oscilam permanentemente como nos sensores indutivos.&lt;br style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Funcionamento: o principio de funcionamento é a alternação do dielétrico entre as armaduras de um capacitor, pois ao aproximar um corpo da área ativa do sensor, aumenta-se a capacitância por diminuição da distancia entre o objeto e a superfície ativa do sensor. Se esta distancia diminui até certo valor, começam a ocorrer oscilações. Esta oscilação atua sobre um disparador que envia um sinal para um amplificador que atua na carga&lt;br style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Os sensores capacitavas reagem a todos os materiais (mesmo que não sejam metálicos). Podem igualmente detectar líquidos ou granulados, isto é significa que estão sujeitos a perturbação tais como, poeiras cavacos etc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;320&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/tCgkTE0xzGA?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;exemplo de sensor capacitivo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Detetor de limite óptico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;O sensor óptico é capaz de detectar qualquer material que reflita, absorva ou desvie a luz de forma que este componente é utilizado para detectar qualquer tipo de material. Por este motivo os sensores ópticos estão sendo cada dia mais utilizados em diferentes segmentos da industria com grande eficiência e ecônomia.&lt;br style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Funcionamento: baseia-se na existência de um sinal de luz vermelha ou infravermelha que deve de alguma forma, atingir o elemento receptor. Este sinal luminoso é convertido em sinal elétrico e comparado com o valor pré-estabelecido para definir o estado de sensores.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Sensor óptico por reflexão difusa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;O emissor e o recepitor s encontram em um mesmo invólucro. A luz gerada no emissor reflete de forma difusa sobre o objeto a ser sensoriado de tal forma que um parcela dessa luz retorne ao sensor atingindo o receptor. Os sensores ópticos desse tipo de detecção não atingem grandes distancias (até 360mm), em função de que na reflexão difusa apenas uma pequena parcela da luz é refletida em direção ao receptor. A luz refletida depende de alguma características do objeto, como a cor e o acabamento de superfície. Desta forma, objetos escuros, pequenos ou com superfícies altamente rugosa, podem não ser detectados.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Sensor óptico retro - reflexão&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;São montados no mesmo invólucro o emissor e receptor também é necessário o auxilio de um espelho refletor para estabelecer uma barreira de luz entre os componentes óptico. Um objeto, ao interromper a barreira de luz, impede a chega da mesma ao receptor, ativando o sensor.&lt;br style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;A distancia de acionamento destes sensores depende, além de suas próprias características, também da dimensão e qualidade do espelho refletor. Os espelhos refletores possibilitam médias distancias (de 4,5m) pelo fato de serem constituídos por micro pirâmides que formam um angulo de 90º entre suas paredes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Barreira de luz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;O emissor e o receptor encontram-se montados em invólucros separados, sendo necessário o alinhamento dos mesmos para colocar o sensor em condições de operar. A luz originária do emissor atinge o receptor formando uma barreira de luz entre os componentes. A barreira ao ser interpretado, aciona o sensor. Esses sensores são apropriados para grandes distancias de suas próprias características.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;320&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/hDSo4YH3aB4?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Exemplo de funcionamento sensores&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ópticos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Recurso para minimizar interferência&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;O sinal de luz gerado pelo emissor do sensor óptico é modulado numa freqüência determinada. Da mesma forma o receptor do sensor é acoplado a um filtro que somente considera válidos, sinais com a mesma freqüência do emissor. Esse recurso é usado para sensores ópticos para minimizar os efeitos de possíveis interferências causadas por outras fontes luminosas que não seja a do emissor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Detetor de limite ultrasônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;A operação do sensor ultrasônico é baseada na emissão e reflexão de ondas acústicas, entre o objeto e um receptor. Normalmente o portador dessas ondas é o ar. O tempo de propagação de um som é medido e avaliado. O sensor ultrasônico transmite e emites seus sons não audíveis na freqüência usual de&amp;nbsp;&lt;st1:metricconverter productid=&quot;30 a&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;30 a&lt;/st1:metricconverter&gt;&amp;nbsp;300Khz. Filtros dentro do sensor verifica o som recebido e atualiza o eco emitido pela onda do sensor. A velocidade de operação do sensor é limitada por um freguesia, em média de 1Hz a 125Hz.&lt;br style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;A maior vantagem deste sensor reside no fato de que pode detectar larga escala de diferentes materiais. A detecção é independente da forma cor ou material. Menos lá, tecido, espuma, borracha e outros materiais que absorvem som.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-size: 1em; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Sensores de Fibra Óptica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;subcat_intro&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 1em; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; width: 375px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Os sensores de fibra óptica são ideais para condições severas: alta vibração, calor extremo e ambientes molhados, explosivos ou corrosivos. Em áreas restrita, as fibras flexíveis pode ser posicionadas com precisão.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Aplicações para os sensores&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;320&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/dJDZ07GVYY0?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h1 id=&quot;watch-headline-title&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; height: 1.1363em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-height: 1.1363em; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;eow-title&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;Sensores Fotoeletricos y Capacitivos&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.1363em;&quot;&gt;Sensores&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 36px;&quot;&gt;Fotoelétricos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.1363em;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;e Capacitivos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;320&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/5vteaW2ZxlY?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h1 id=&quot;watch-headline-title&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-weight: bold; height: 1.1363em; line-height: 1.1363em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-height: 1.1363em; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;eow-title&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;Sensor inductivo / Contador de tiempo&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Sensor indutivo / Contador de objetos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&quot;&quot; frameborder=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;349&quot; src=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/embed/1VwYwcnDBCQ&quot; width=&quot;425&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;sensor fotoelétrico para aviso de falhas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;(nota do editor: para formar este artigo eu pesquisei em vários sites mais os principais foram estes &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bannerengineering.com/pt-BR/products/66/Sensors/191/Fiber-Optic-Sensors&quot;&gt;site1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://wwwpolemicas.blogspot.com/2009/10/fibras-opticas-em-fabricas.html&quot;&gt;site2&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hardmob.com.br/threads/212915-sensor-foto-el%C3%A9trico&quot;&gt;site 3&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;, e&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=aplica%C3%A7%C3%A3o+de+Sensores+opticos&amp;amp;aq=f&quot;&gt; youtube&lt;/a&gt;. caso eu tenha esquecido de algum entre em contato)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/script&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/feeds/5062278595712181029/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/06/tipos-de-sensores-e-funcionamento.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/5062278595712181029'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/5062278595712181029'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/06/tipos-de-sensores-e-funcionamento.html' title='Tipos de sensores e funcionamento'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirli1M70Wj3sbERfHJ4STRPvtDaIxd0oF1vkyHwFKhl7VTAz8i2StCHpxA481CNBINj5xoP9q7kpsTI5e2MigEGMhGKbt_nmo59iCZhyeFiQEBY_OFYZFJ8CoW0QZhkRfQLrd6N2q_oVUS/s72-c/sensores_de_prox.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1651526912850569918.post-4728626967074822426</id><published>2011-06-15T20:21:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-06-15T20:23:48.881-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="automação"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="eletrotécnica"/><title type='text'>Relés de Estado Solido</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;Os relés de estado sólido consistem na alternativa moderna ideal para uso em lugar dos antigos relés eletromecânicos com seus contatos ruidosos e seus problemas mecânicos. Na verdade, a tendência é uma substituição quase total dos relés antigos pelos de estado sólido, se bem que existam aplicações em que isso ainda não é possível.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjC-SjyLx6lhnv-cn-XjtXgDVl-KjgnAMJEu4yabUrtKs0TEdgnRIFAk_9hrb5wiwmli_AptH517koGF_qVqEoioUN__3R8SpwPj-UvfQ-OOU2QyOUQEsefPOwyE546mcLZXiC_QpcAVOS1/s1600/fig+01_Colecao+de+reles.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjC-SjyLx6lhnv-cn-XjtXgDVl-KjgnAMJEu4yabUrtKs0TEdgnRIFAk_9hrb5wiwmli_AptH517koGF_qVqEoioUN__3R8SpwPj-UvfQ-OOU2QyOUQEsefPOwyE546mcLZXiC_QpcAVOS1/s1600/fig+01_Colecao+de+reles.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Helv, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;A idéia básica de um relé é controlar um circuito de maior potência a partir de um sinal de menor potência, com total isolamento, conforme mostra a&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;figura 1&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Helv, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;Nos relés eletromecânicos comuns, o sinal de baixa potência é aplicado a uma bobina que cria um campo magnético capaz de fechar os contatos eletromecânicos nos quais está ligado o circuito controlado.&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Em um relé de estado sólido temos um dispositivo semicondutor que é excitado emitindo radiação infravermelha (por exemplo). Essa radiação atua sobre um sensor que então é usado para controlar um circuito externo através de um dispositivo de potência como, por exemplo, um transistor de potência, um SCR, um TRIAC, etc.&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Os tipos de dispositivos excitador e excitado dependem da aplicação. Assim, nesta nossa coletânea de circuitos práticos, daremos diversos exemplos. Caberá ao leitor escolher o que melhor se presta à aplicação que ele tenha em mente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Helv, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Circuito com o MOC3020 (Cargas Resistivas)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Um dos dispositivos mais utilizado no controle óptico de TRIACs é o MOC3020 (220 V), que tem o MOC3010 como equivalente para 110 V. Esse dispositivo consta de um LED emissor e de um opto-diac, tendo o circuito básico exibido na&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;figura 2&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sabereletronica.com.br/files/image/fig%2002_Colecao%20de%20reles.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;lightbox&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;99&quot; src=&quot;http://www.sabereletronica.com.br/files/image/fig%2002_Colecao%20de%20reles.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;309&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;O resistor R1 precisa ser escolhido de acordo com o sinal de excitação, devendo o LED ser percorrido por uma corrente da ordem de 8 a 10 mA para melhor resultado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Helv, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;Esse circuito, mais simples, é indicado para cargas resistivas na rede de 220 V, com um TRIAC do tipo TIC226 ou equivalente.&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Circuito com o MOC3020 (Cargas indutivas)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Para cargas indutivas é preciso acrescentar um snubber, o que é feito conforme observamos na&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;figura 3&lt;/strong&gt;. O resistor R1 deve ser calculado de acordo com o circuito anterior, e o TRIAC precisa ser do tipo sensível com uma corrente de disparo menor do que 50 mA.&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sabereletronica.com.br/files/image/fig%2003_Colecao%20de%20reles.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;lightbox&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;99&quot; src=&quot;http://www.sabereletronica.com.br/files/image/fig%2003_Colecao%20de%20reles.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;310&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;O TRIAC deve ser dotado de um bom radiador de calor. O opto-isolador usado fornece um isolamento da ordem de 7 000 V, o que é mais do que suficiente para a maioria das aplicações que exigem esse tipo de componente.&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Relé de Estado Sólido com Isolador Óptico comum&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Na&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;figura 4&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;temos um circuito em que um isolador óptico, que faz uso de um fototransistor comum como sensor é utilizado. Trata-se do conhecido 4N27, mas equivalentes podem ser experimentados.&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sabereletronica.com.br/files/image/fig%2004_Colecao%20de%20reles.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;lightbox&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;148&quot; src=&quot;http://www.sabereletronica.com.br/files/image/fig%2004_Colecao%20de%20reles.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;341&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Como a corrente que o foto-sensor fornece é pequena demais para disparar um TRIAC comum, uma etapa transistorizada com o BC547 é acrescentada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Helv, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;A carga máxima controlada depende do TRIAC, porém está em torno de 400 W para a rede de 220 V com um TRIAC comum como o TIC226D. Para a rede de 110 V o TRIAC utilizado pode ser sufixo B.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Isolamento por Transformador&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Uma forma simples de se isolar o sinal de disparo de baixa intensidade do sinal controlado de alta intensidade é com o uso de um transformador. Um sinal apropriado pode perfeitamente ser empregado para excitar um TRIAC, e com isso controlar uma carga externa, conforme indica a&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;figura 5&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sabereletronica.com.br/files/image/fig%2005_Colecao%20de%20reles_1_.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;lightbox&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;95&quot; src=&quot;http://www.sabereletronica.com.br/files/image/fig%2005_Colecao%20de%20reles_1_.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;333&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sabereletronica.com.br/files/image/fig%2005_Colecao%20de%20reles.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;lightbox&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;1&quot; src=&quot;http://www.sabereletronica.com.br/files/image/fig%2005_Colecao%20de%20reles.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;1&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;O transformador usado pode ter uma relação de espiras de 1:1 dependendo apenas da sensibilidade do TRIAC utilizado.&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Carga Controlada por Transistor - 1&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;No circuito exibido na&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;figura 6&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;usamos um acoplador óptico comum para controlar uma etapa amplificadora com transistores bipolares comuns.&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sabereletronica.com.br/files/image/fig%2006_Colecao%20de%20reles.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;lightbox&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;105&quot; src=&quot;http://www.sabereletronica.com.br/files/image/fig%2006_Colecao%20de%20reles.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;334&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Com isso, cargas com correntes até uns 500 mA para o BD135 e até 2 A com o TIP32 podem ser controladas diretamente. Essas cargas de corrente contínua funcionam com tensões até uns 24 V, dependendo do transistor.&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Evidentemente, o transistor deve ser dotado de um radiador apropriado de calor e deve ser considerada a queda de tensão nesse componente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Helv, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Carga Controlada por Transistor - 2&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Uma outra possibilidade de acionamento de carga de corrente contínua diretamente usando transistores é a apresentada na&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;figura 7&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sabereletronica.com.br/files/image/fig%2007_Colecao%20de%20reles.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;lightbox&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;86&quot; src=&quot;http://www.sabereletronica.com.br/files/image/fig%2007_Colecao%20de%20reles.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;301&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Trata-se de um circuito complementar em relação ao anterior em que usamos o BD136 para correntes até 500 mA e o TIP31 para correntes até 2 A. O transistor de potência também deve ser montado em um bom radiador de calor.&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Relé com Darlington&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Na&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;figura 8&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;mostramos como usar um transistor Darlington de potência num circuito de acionamento direto de uma carga de corrente contínua cuja corrente, nesse caso pode chegar a 1,5 A.&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sabereletronica.com.br/files/image/fig%2008_Colecao%20de%20reles.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;lightbox&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;112&quot; src=&quot;http://www.sabereletronica.com.br/files/image/fig%2008_Colecao%20de%20reles.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;317&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Correntes maiores podem ser obtidas com transistores de maior potência da mesma família. O transistor também deve ser dotado de um bom radiador de calor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Helv, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;Veja que ainda podemos ter uma versão equivalente com transistor Darlington PNP com o acionamento inverso, ou seja, a carga acionada quando o acoplador óptico não estiver excitado. Essa versão é exibida na&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;figura 9&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sabereletronica.com.br/files/image/fig%2009_Colecao%20de%20reles.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;lightbox&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;103&quot; src=&quot;http://www.sabereletronica.com.br/files/image/fig%2009_Colecao%20de%20reles.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;265&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Relé com MOSFET de Potência&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Os transistores de efeito de campo de potência (&lt;em style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Power&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;MOSFETs) têm características altamente desejáveis quando se trata de circuitos de comutação.&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;A principal delas é a baixíssima resistência no estado de condução (Rdson) que pode chegar a fração de ohm nos tipos comuns. Isso significa que, quando “&lt;em style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;ligados&lt;/em&gt;”, eles praticamente não causam qualquer queda de tensão nos circuitos controlados.&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Para usar um MOSFET de potência como relé de estado sólido, podemos partir do circuito da&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;figura 10&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sabereletronica.com.br/files/image/fig%2010_Colecao%20de%20reles.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;lightbox&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;97&quot; src=&quot;http://www.sabereletronica.com.br/files/image/fig%2010_Colecao%20de%20reles.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;275&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Outra vantagem manifestada nesse circuito é a altíssima impedância de entrada do MOSFET, que se traduz numa sensibilidade muito alta e em um consumo baixíssimo quando ele não está acionado&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Helv, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;Assim, no circuito ilustrado, a máxima corrente que pode ser controlada depende apenas do MOSFET colocado, podendo chegar a dezenas de ampères para os tipos comuns.&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;O MOSFET deve ser dotado de radiador apropriado e a tensão máxima do circuito depende também do MOSFET usado.&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Conclusão&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;O isolamento proporcionado quer seja pelos acopladores ópticos, quer seja pelos transformadores faz dos relés de estado sólido apresentados alternativas interessantes pora muitos projetos.&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;É claro que existe muito mais, mas partindo dos exemplos dados, o leitor poderá facilmente melhorar ou alterar os circuitos para uma aplicação específica.&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;*Artigo originalmente publicado na revista Saber Eletrônica Ano 43 - Número 412 Maio 2007&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Helv, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Helv, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;320&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/jBkSB0pt1PY?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Helv, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Helv, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;vídeo propaganda da crydom, porém dá uma noção.&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/feeds/4728626967074822426/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/06/os-reles-de-estado-solido-consistem-na.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/4728626967074822426'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/4728626967074822426'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/06/os-reles-de-estado-solido-consistem-na.html' title='Relés de Estado Solido'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjC-SjyLx6lhnv-cn-XjtXgDVl-KjgnAMJEu4yabUrtKs0TEdgnRIFAk_9hrb5wiwmli_AptH517koGF_qVqEoioUN__3R8SpwPj-UvfQ-OOU2QyOUQEsefPOwyE546mcLZXiC_QpcAVOS1/s72-c/fig+01_Colecao+de+reles.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1651526912850569918.post-5410766492281854662</id><published>2011-06-15T17:06:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-06-15T19:30:21.373-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="eletrotécnica"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="esquemático"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="motores"/><title type='text'>Partida de chave compensadora ou por Auto-Trafo</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;Esta partida tem por objetivo suprir as aplicações que a Estrela-Triângulo não podem ser utilizadas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;A norma prevê a utilização desta chave para motores, cuja potência seja maior ou igual a 15 CV. Esta chave reduz a corrente de arranque, evitando sobrecarregar a linha de alimentação. Deixa, porém, o motor com conjugado suficiente para a partida.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black;&quot;&gt;Com o mesmo objetivo de reduzir a corrente de partida, é realizada a inserção de um autotransformador para auxiliar a partida do motor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Este autotrafo (este será o nome que daremos ao autotransformador neste post) possui dois &quot;Taps&quot;, taps é o nome dado a saída de tensão do atotrafo, ele realizará o rebaixamento da tensão de partida do motor trifásico a fim de reduzir respectivamente a corrente de partida. Este&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;rebaixamento pode ser dado em dois níveis de tensão, são eles:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;Tap de 65% da tensão.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Ta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;p de 80% da tensão.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLfpFmSVJmrAIZxfiIF8rfWhhGmK2gadO0ksdJpyguYuPq9HTesADHN7GB5hulT35RVF9JzRVSehM4MLJO6Yjq8awmnlyYgMtXJiFgd_4DdErsVW3WoH8E8Xsy9PWeS1OWQosQCCILGVs3/s1600/Auto_Trafo.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLfpFmSVJmrAIZxfiIF8rfWhhGmK2gadO0ksdJpyguYuPq9HTesADHN7GB5hulT35RVF9JzRVSehM4MLJO6Yjq8awmnlyYgMtXJiFgd_4DdErsVW3WoH8E8Xsy9PWeS1OWQosQCCILGVs3/s1600/Auto_Trafo.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; font-family: Verdana; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;Torque&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; font-family: Verdana; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;Como sabemos a redução da&amp;nbsp;tensão implica em reduzir também o torque do motor, então tendo dois níveis de tensão teremos respectivamente doi níves de torque, são eles:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; font-family: Verdana; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;Quando utilizado o&lt;span style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Tap de 65%&lt;/span&gt;, teremos um&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;torque de 42%.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Dado através do cálculo:&amp;nbsp;(65 x 65)/100.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black;&quot;&gt;Quando utilizado o&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Tap de 80%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black;&quot;&gt;, teremos um&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;torque de 64%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black;&quot;&gt;. Dado através do cálculo: (80x80)/100.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Verdana;&quot;&gt;Corrente&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Observem que mesmo no Tap de 65% que disponibiliza um baixo torque, temos um torque ainda maior que o da partida estrela-triângulo, no entanto a corrente também será maior cerca de 42% da corrente nominal. E o mesmo ocorre para a partida com o Tap de 80%, sendo que&amp;nbsp;a corrente de partida nesta configuração chega a cerca de 64% da nominal.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;320&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/k12qVHEL4vk?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;&quot;&gt;{nota do editor: este&amp;nbsp;vídeo&amp;nbsp;possui uma pequena falha esse problema foi corrigido no diagrama em cad&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;&quot;&gt;disponível&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;para baixar. vc irá observar que ele adiconar uma contatora &amp;nbsp;(K4) para poder evitar &amp;nbsp;que quando energizado k1, fique circulando tensão no auto trafo. OBS isto foi corrigido pelo próprio criador do&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;&quot;&gt;vídeo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ele não chegou a comentar mais eu percebi e estou comentando.}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsTt0D3KWNkTnK8wBkJGUgISL4rTInq2XJArCCX7R9xXUDUpJbL1VPZKLtJT-QZLHuT8ZVh-tcs-4RVe44PqPqtF3F5_Cv33n_QErrY1iRiWSzZl7M2YrSNj59RSokihEKfySvbGvpfvEp/s1600/Capturar.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;216&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsTt0D3KWNkTnK8wBkJGUgISL4rTInq2XJArCCX7R9xXUDUpJbL1VPZKLtJT-QZLHuT8ZVh-tcs-4RVe44PqPqtF3F5_Cv33n_QErrY1iRiWSzZl7M2YrSNj59RSokihEKfySvbGvpfvEp/s400/Capturar.JPG&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://saladaeletrica.blogspot.com/2010/03/partida-de-chave-compensadora-ou-por.html&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;fonte&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;download diagrama em arquivo cad:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/script&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/feeds/5410766492281854662/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/06/partida-de-chave-compensadora-ou-por.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/5410766492281854662'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/5410766492281854662'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/06/partida-de-chave-compensadora-ou-por.html' title='Partida de chave compensadora ou por Auto-Trafo'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLfpFmSVJmrAIZxfiIF8rfWhhGmK2gadO0ksdJpyguYuPq9HTesADHN7GB5hulT35RVF9JzRVSehM4MLJO6Yjq8awmnlyYgMtXJiFgd_4DdErsVW3WoH8E8Xsy9PWeS1OWQosQCCILGVs3/s72-c/Auto_Trafo.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1651526912850569918.post-6497973280716620806</id><published>2011-06-14T13:38:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-06-15T18:19:00.691-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="automação"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="downloads"/><title type='text'>CADe SIMU</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;color: #eeeeee; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;lá Galera,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;color: #eeeeee; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Para quem gosta de elétrica e esta antenado em Comandos Elétrcos eu estou postando um arquivo que será de grande proveito.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;color: #cccccc; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #eeeeee; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Fácil de usar e muito eficiente o CADe Simu é um programa executável de menos de 5 Megabytes que além de possibilitar a montangem de comandos elétricos ainda possibilita a simulação de funcionamento.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;color: yellow; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;E melhor ainda, é gratuito...&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;color: #cccccc; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;color: #cccccc; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Acredito que vão gostar....&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFFLBm2bYaoXtaaCgAebOuGXZgJOF1jFQuCArRDG6kLpqFw9uL8_z1_zfuhyL9ugAuNgqkmTeLlZ3AwUmpm_brlIbz8sah5X98Wp7NKidLvFJpE3HJakLoOHl7kjKMu7vni-wDptD-qJWl/s1600/CADe+SIMU.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;224&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFFLBm2bYaoXtaaCgAebOuGXZgJOF1jFQuCArRDG6kLpqFw9uL8_z1_zfuhyL9ugAuNgqkmTeLlZ3AwUmpm_brlIbz8sah5X98Wp7NKidLvFJpE3HJakLoOHl7kjKMu7vni-wDptD-qJWl/s320/CADe+SIMU.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;download cade e simu&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;color: #cccccc; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Video aula&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://saladaeletrica.blogspot.com/p/downloads.html&quot;&gt;fonte&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/feeds/6497973280716620806/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/06/cade-simu.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/6497973280716620806'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/6497973280716620806'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/06/cade-simu.html' title='CADe SIMU'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFFLBm2bYaoXtaaCgAebOuGXZgJOF1jFQuCArRDG6kLpqFw9uL8_z1_zfuhyL9ugAuNgqkmTeLlZ3AwUmpm_brlIbz8sah5X98Wp7NKidLvFJpE3HJakLoOHl7kjKMu7vni-wDptD-qJWl/s72-c/CADe+SIMU.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1651526912850569918.post-5932700771026326971</id><published>2011-06-12T20:16:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-11-20T07:43:54.361-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="eletrotécnica"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="esquemático"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="motores"/><title type='text'>arrancador estrela triângulo</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-L-rGnZGZJuEe5Zq2vUgBEuP0Mx3Q1oudBkxfu71-VS512_IL66rgwDkB1oWJ997m1qCmP9S79TgudQwZvx1alEySbFM07N0A48JTK-HsimmPZzQGJp_pbLnGYitnzwkbydJ6djtNSz9k/s1600/estrela-triangulo.gif&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;194&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-L-rGnZGZJuEe5Zq2vUgBEuP0Mx3Q1oudBkxfu71-VS512_IL66rgwDkB1oWJ997m1qCmP9S79TgudQwZvx1alEySbFM07N0A48JTK-HsimmPZzQGJp_pbLnGYitnzwkbydJ6djtNSz9k/s320/estrela-triangulo.gif&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;A finalidade de um motor em sistema estrela-triangulo é a de se reduzir a corrente de sua partida, ou seja, a corrente&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;de pico no momento da partida. É necessário que o motor seja do tipo de rotor em gaiola de esquilo, e todas as pontas&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;de ligação(6 se o motor for de seis pontas, 12 se for de doze pontas)devem ser externas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;A tensão triangulo deve ser a mesma da rede(será nesta tensão que o motor irá trabalhar). A tensão em estrela&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;(tensão de partida do motor) também será a mesma da triangulo, a diferença esta no tipo de ligação dos terminais&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;do motor(na ligação estrela o motor oferece mais resistencia a passagem de corente, diminuindo assim a corrente de pico).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;b&gt;Funcionamento&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Pressionando B1, as bobinas dos contatores K1, K2(Ligação em estrela) e do relê temporizador D1 seraõ alimentadas,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;fechando o contato de selo de K1(NA) e de K2(NA).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Após o tempo programado o contato NF de D1 será aberto, a alimentação da bobina de K2 será cortada, ao mesmo tempo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;o contato NA de D1 será fechado, alimentado a bobina de K3(LIgação em triangulo). K3 será mantindo energizado através&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;320&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/-jJBZoc-dww?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;320&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/RaBCCB4zgJE?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;diagrama opcional de partida estrela-triângulo:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYr_wcic3OtUrYMzu_3WN2VL6o3G3_fdtgqrWswPkIcP9UCgn6HojI6wLtVQmipHhhZw3R3UyQS65guZSxMgB-Jtm1xuNq1ukAe2EChc6gDbF6gN20QIHuo3OEvRZjaUcoDgNqoMMZQ_9x/s1600/estrela+tri%25C3%25A2ngulo.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYr_wcic3OtUrYMzu_3WN2VL6o3G3_fdtgqrWswPkIcP9UCgn6HojI6wLtVQmipHhhZw3R3UyQS65guZSxMgB-Jtm1xuNq1ukAe2EChc6gDbF6gN20QIHuo3OEvRZjaUcoDgNqoMMZQ_9x/s320/estrela+tri%25C3%25A2ngulo.JPG&quot; width=&quot;238&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;em breve postarei um artigo falando sobre o dimencionamente da partida estrela-Triângulo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://geocities.ws/transistor548/estrela.html&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Fonte&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: white; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/feeds/5932700771026326971/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/06/arrancador-estrela-triangulo.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/5932700771026326971'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/5932700771026326971'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/06/arrancador-estrela-triangulo.html' title='arrancador estrela triângulo'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-L-rGnZGZJuEe5Zq2vUgBEuP0Mx3Q1oudBkxfu71-VS512_IL66rgwDkB1oWJ997m1qCmP9S79TgudQwZvx1alEySbFM07N0A48JTK-HsimmPZzQGJp_pbLnGYitnzwkbydJ6djtNSz9k/s72-c/estrela-triangulo.gif" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1651526912850569918.post-5720975068689701144</id><published>2011-06-12T20:05:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-06-12T20:05:54.459-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="eletrotécnica"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="motores"/><title type='text'>Tabela  de correntes nominais de motores de corrente alternada</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6_6MqNHoBII3IMzwbAQ3bUnHo3x4XZutwzmJmwjYXM0nLwSEKa_4MWXGK6qRc8SVuE6ek4GBrWfWGkVfpykAFvuA_7bGXGBiY_Z5n0O1Ldy64c0uONuBxY7GDlaQ_rG93KvHpUYlN7-94/s1600/aweasdsa.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;298&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6_6MqNHoBII3IMzwbAQ3bUnHo3x4XZutwzmJmwjYXM0nLwSEKa_4MWXGK6qRc8SVuE6ek4GBrWfWGkVfpykAFvuA_7bGXGBiY_Z5n0O1Ldy64c0uONuBxY7GDlaQ_rG93KvHpUYlN7-94/s400/aweasdsa.JPG&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;OBS: não colocarei a fonte pois não lembro onde foi que eu achei.&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/feeds/5720975068689701144/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/06/tabela-de-correntes-nominais-de-motores.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/5720975068689701144'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/5720975068689701144'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/06/tabela-de-correntes-nominais-de-motores.html' title='Tabela  de correntes nominais de motores de corrente alternada'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6_6MqNHoBII3IMzwbAQ3bUnHo3x4XZutwzmJmwjYXM0nLwSEKa_4MWXGK6qRc8SVuE6ek4GBrWfWGkVfpykAFvuA_7bGXGBiY_Z5n0O1Ldy64c0uONuBxY7GDlaQ_rG93KvHpUYlN7-94/s72-c/aweasdsa.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1651526912850569918.post-4110780428215532799</id><published>2011-06-12T20:00:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-06-12T20:01:10.935-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="eletrônica"/><title type='text'>REPARAR PLAYSTATION</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Um dos problemas mais comuns nas consolas da Sony, principalmente nos modelos mais antigos, são as falhas de leitura ou mesmo a não detecção dos cds. Este problema agrava-se ao tentar correr em consolas &quot;chipadas&quot; cdrs (principalmente os de baixa qualidade/preço). Antes de abordar melhor este assunto devo esclarecer que este problema não se deve ao facto de a consola ter chip ou não. O que acontece é que depois de ter o chip instalado, irá obviamente querer correr alguns cdrs que podem precisar de um ajuste de modo a serem bem lidos. Depois de o jogo começar a correr, o chip deixa de ter influência na consola, por isso não culpe os chips ou o &quot;chipador&quot;, pois não tem culpa nenhuma.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Se tem problemas ao correr backups de jogos originais, antes de tentar algum ajuste/correcção, deve primeiro utilizar cdrs de melhor qualidade. Muitas vezes o problema fica logo resolvido. Gravadores de cds muito &quot;rodados&quot;, mesmo com cds de marca, por vezes obtêm maus resultados. Quanto maior for a velocidade de gravação dos cds, menor é a sua qualidade/desempenho. Se depois destas recomendações o problema persistir, então tente os ajustes recomendados de modo a melhorar a performance da sua consola.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd5r6cBUVwvtY65CBuZ4bU1vj5HWzSWI6pKHhv2tcOQqIpt2ZF-9sebS9j3fkdV_Gn9vjUP-UCj5YeN3FbTIDt7NOqlWRJ2BtFNX-tNXwOeUu1-16ZFsiYFX_QSxfVbw6aZxfs0AQ1VGUC/s1600/img87%255B1%255D.gif&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd5r6cBUVwvtY65CBuZ4bU1vj5HWzSWI6pKHhv2tcOQqIpt2ZF-9sebS9j3fkdV_Gn9vjUP-UCj5YeN3FbTIDt7NOqlWRJ2BtFNX-tNXwOeUu1-16ZFsiYFX_QSxfVbw6aZxfs0AQ1VGUC/s1600/img87%255B1%255D.gif&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;Esta imagem mostra a parte lateral de uma unidade laser de um modelo 1002. Existem pequenas diferenças em relação aos outros modelos mas são insignificantes. Em primeiro lugar certifique-se se a fita está bem presa e em condições. Pode acontecer que a fita tenha subido e esteja a diminuir a performance da leitura. Para resolver este problema, simplesmente dê um pequeno puxão da fita para baixo, esticando o cabo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd5r6cBUVwvtY65CBuZ4bU1vj5HWzSWI6pKHhv2tcOQqIpt2ZF-9sebS9j3fkdV_Gn9vjUP-UCj5YeN3FbTIDt7NOqlWRJ2BtFNX-tNXwOeUu1-16ZFsiYFX_QSxfVbw6aZxfs0AQ1VGUC/s1600/img87%255B1%255D.gif&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd5r6cBUVwvtY65CBuZ4bU1vj5HWzSWI6pKHhv2tcOQqIpt2ZF-9sebS9j3fkdV_Gn9vjUP-UCj5YeN3FbTIDt7NOqlWRJ2BtFNX-tNXwOeUu1-16ZFsiYFX_QSxfVbw6aZxfs0AQ1VGUC/s1600/img87%255B1%255D.gif&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;De novo a mesma imagem. Repare no pequeno potenciómetro ao lado do condensador SMD. Antes de o ajustar, repare na posição que tinha inicialmente. Para ajustar este potenciómetro, pode faze-lo com a ponta do dedo. Pressione ligeiramente e rode-o o mínimo que poder no sentido dos ponteiros do relógio. Reponha a unidade e tente ler um cd que não podia ler. Faça testes com diversos cds, cópias e originais. Se melhorou, volte a fazer um novo ajuste no mesmo sentido. Se piorou, faça o ajuste em sentido contrário. Por vezes consegue-se uma melhoria de prestações para quase o dobro! Não utilize chaves de fendas para rodar o potenciómetro, porque é muito frágil. Este ajuste pode ser aplicado em qualquer modelo de consola PlayStation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3Vjqdi9d5Na4CdmBYtV1rljVwROFjtY0FFLvIT-gr_AB2XFSo1C8Hhyphenhyphens7fouYV_58RtrfWuQeim2iunEsfKiuYTsLIFUdy4hyfTM6rygrWGRhcKqGOY6X1xBvNPj3_118TdZQ7a4m6iJ_/s1600/img90%255B1%255D.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;166&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3Vjqdi9d5Na4CdmBYtV1rljVwROFjtY0FFLvIT-gr_AB2XFSo1C8Hhyphenhyphens7fouYV_58RtrfWuQeim2iunEsfKiuYTsLIFUdy4hyfTM6rygrWGRhcKqGOY6X1xBvNPj3_118TdZQ7a4m6iJ_/s320/img90%255B1%255D.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;Antes de fazer algum novo ajuste, faça a calibração da unidade laser (passo anterior). Este ajuste é apenas para as consolas do modelo 1002. Localize o pequeno potenciómetro circular que está mais próximo do centro da fita da unidade laser. . De modo a melhorar as prestações de leitura da sua consola, ajuste em qualquer direcção este potenciómetro. O potenciómetro deverá ser rodado o mínimo possível de cada vez. Tal como no caso anterior, após qualquer ajuste, teste a consola com diversos cds. Se o ajuste for demasiado, a consola começa a rejeitar todos os cds. Faça então o ajuste em sentido contrário. Não se esqueça de fixar a posição inicial antes dos ajustes. Este tipo de ajuste pode dar excelentes resultados, inclusive aumentar consideravelmente a velocidade de leitura dos cds.&lt;br /&gt;
Outro método, embora simples, mas eficaz, é limpar periodicamente a lente do laser. utilize materiais que não risquem, como algodão. Limpe suavemente e retire todas as partículas de sujidade. Por vezes isto é suficiente para pôr a consola a ler cds.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiN5s1mshlbROqZYKlTcj-j3NxQvG1qa2l5ZagFQK9TOX-XdDuxQX-2xXNC9wfCiUEJBCl5HRimNk2OUj39dOPtS37GMsE2Qt19cOc3TPgidTb8aVasoNOuRQSYAR7RHBfQDlZsNdJiSO75/s1600/img92%255B1%255D.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;188&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiN5s1mshlbROqZYKlTcj-j3NxQvG1qa2l5ZagFQK9TOX-XdDuxQX-2xXNC9wfCiUEJBCl5HRimNk2OUj39dOPtS37GMsE2Qt19cOc3TPgidTb8aVasoNOuRQSYAR7RHBfQDlZsNdJiSO75/s320/img92%255B1%255D.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Um básico diagrama de blocos de uma consola Playstation.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Outra avaria comum nas consolas são os fusíveis queimados. A causa do fusível ter queimado pode ser natural, devido a uma má implementação do chip, pingos de solda que cairam na placa (por vezes quase microscópicos). Os fusíveis aparecem na consola em diversos formatos e valores. Começa com os fusíveis básicos na fonte de alimentação, passando para os de protecção do circuito (CP). Estes últimos fusíveis são os pequenos quadrados pretos que aparecem na motherboard.&lt;br /&gt;
Se a consola estiver completamente sem sinal de vida, verifique primeiro os fusíveis da fonte de alimentação (pequena placa ao lado da motherboard). Para isso tem de abrir a consola. Não se esqueça de desligar a alimentação antes de abrir a consola!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaoffTftTBdzrwLHLKXEdyL-MOKIDgg4NKlpjOPeIJDN7_vKCKRS-bDpmv9TEm7dW73tLLOrgs0pe7kzoOI7kWxEb9G82TwjCUYhu0mdegggRY7QzoIjRF-dMj5-OmGrCYXhxoNP089h8M/s1600/img93%255B1%255D.gif&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaoffTftTBdzrwLHLKXEdyL-MOKIDgg4NKlpjOPeIJDN7_vKCKRS-bDpmv9TEm7dW73tLLOrgs0pe7kzoOI7kWxEb9G82TwjCUYhu0mdegggRY7QzoIjRF-dMj5-OmGrCYXhxoNP089h8M/s1600/img93%255B1%255D.gif&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;Mude o fusível branco. Este fusível é de 1,6Amp. Se ao ligar a consola o fusível queimar de novo, é possível que o problema esteja no transístor de potência que se encontra ao lado do transformador. Se a luz verde da alimentação estiver acesa e a consola não der sinais de vida, então verifique os fusíveis da motherboard. Esta imagem é de uma consola 5xx2. Pode-se ver aqui os pequenos fusíveis de montagem SMD. Estes fusíveis são vitais para o funcionamento da consola e nunca devem ser substituídos por fios. Se tiver dificuldade em obter fusíveis iguais, sempre pode substituir por fusíveis vulgares como o da fonte de alimentação. Caso opte pelo ultimo caso não se esqueça de isolar bem o fusível. É obvio que os fusíveis substituídos deverão ser do mesmo valor dos que estavam queimados.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_ccZNlooEQMqaBd4P2rO859wUkXY7R-EpvL9-qdbOkz1JvgXgqx1oAluOlAr753gdLuj5wejflPZ1ZrScFXO5tO5FG5KsKjH5VUbUyNdZoQWT3LRMD-8dXVRjoPSe6LhjRe4vVX6rfCig/s1600/img95%255B1%255D.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;196&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_ccZNlooEQMqaBd4P2rO859wUkXY7R-EpvL9-qdbOkz1JvgXgqx1oAluOlAr753gdLuj5wejflPZ1ZrScFXO5tO5FG5KsKjH5VUbUyNdZoQWT3LRMD-8dXVRjoPSe6LhjRe4vVX6rfCig/s320/img95%255B1%255D.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;APARECEM AS SEGUINTES FALHAS QUANDO OS FUSÍVEIS QUEIMAM:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;A: (ps604) 2.3 Ampere, Sem imagem. Os CDs não &quot;rodam&quot;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;B: (ps605) 0.7 Ampere, Os comandos não funcionam.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;C: (ps603) 1 Ampere, Sem imagem. Os CDs não &quot;rodam&quot;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;D: (ps601) 1 Ampere, Tem imagem, mas o laser não funciona. No arranque vai para o menu de áudio.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;E: (ps602) 1 Ampere, Caso este fusível esteja queimado, afectará a ligação para a ficha série da consola. Este fusível corta a linha de alimentação para o conector série.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikcrzZHScUbhQRxqhQBUK18UBzDAs0uzPrgj1Zturzr0WSDHghbaH3G0Rfum69u3OBST7uRGtM_bcOMfEHdXhPJDqHiRf4Exu3oFBeGuUMo4MyxUhFBUQyysu_itHLCDhP47duq7XhZarD/s1600/img96%255B1%255D.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;174&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikcrzZHScUbhQRxqhQBUK18UBzDAs0uzPrgj1Zturzr0WSDHghbaH3G0Rfum69u3OBST7uRGtM_bcOMfEHdXhPJDqHiRf4Exu3oFBeGuUMo4MyxUhFBUQyysu_itHLCDhP47duq7XhZarD/s320/img96%255B1%255D.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;APARECEM AS SEGUINTES FALHAS QUANDO OS FUSÍVEIS QUEIMAM: (modelo 1002)&lt;br /&gt;
A: (ps601) 0.8 Ampere, Com imagem, os CDs não &quot;rodam&quot;, vai para o menu áudio.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;B: (ps604) 2 Ampere, Sem imagem. Os CDs não &quot;rodam&quot;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;C: (ps605) 0.6 Ampere, Os comandos não funcionam.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;D: (ps603) 0.8 Ampere, Sem imagem. Os CDs não &quot;rodam&quot;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;E: (ps602) 0.8 Ampere, não é usado nas consolas Europeias.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Os comandos não funcionam?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Em todos os modelos, existe uma série de pequenos díodos SMD que fazem o controlo da &quot;lógica&quot; para os comandos. Se um destes fusíveis se queimar, os comandos deixam de funcionar.&lt;br /&gt;
Aqui está uma imagem de uma motherboard PU-18, mostrando esses díodos:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi607bOVDZg0jTjSzjgS32cv1O86EOj8BlW_yJD-tySQ85mCjZregk7fj5HV71HNegCVCkqbwHXvKvFZri0gW-VFKkf1H4meo2XVAYWKu5Odlr3TnvyP8pqa_a2bA33gFIn97cT5jUkMuRe/s1600/img121%255B1%255D.gif&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi607bOVDZg0jTjSzjgS32cv1O86EOj8BlW_yJD-tySQ85mCjZregk7fj5HV71HNegCVCkqbwHXvKvFZri0gW-VFKkf1H4meo2XVAYWKu5Odlr3TnvyP8pqa_a2bA33gFIn97cT5jUkMuRe/s1600/img121%255B1%255D.gif&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #632035; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #632035; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://eletronicacorrea.blogspot.com/2008/10/reparar-playstation.html&quot;&gt;Fonte&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #632035; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #632035; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #632035; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #632035; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/feeds/4110780428215532799/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/06/reparar-playstation.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/4110780428215532799'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/4110780428215532799'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/06/reparar-playstation.html' title='REPARAR PLAYSTATION'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd5r6cBUVwvtY65CBuZ4bU1vj5HWzSWI6pKHhv2tcOQqIpt2ZF-9sebS9j3fkdV_Gn9vjUP-UCj5YeN3FbTIDt7NOqlWRJ2BtFNX-tNXwOeUu1-16ZFsiYFX_QSxfVbw6aZxfs0AQ1VGUC/s72-c/img87%255B1%255D.gif" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1651526912850569918.post-5546927076723484189</id><published>2011-06-12T15:31:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-06-12T15:31:11.818-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="eletrônica"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="esquemático"/><title type='text'>simbologia eletrônica</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Esta artigo pode ser útil para os iniciantes no estudo da eletrônica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Os componentes eletrônicos possuem símbolos, de modo que o “diagrama” que representa um aparelho não vem com o aspecto real destas peças. Para cada peça existe um símbolo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Será conveniente que o leitor conheça os principais símbolos antes de fazer qualquer montagem, se bem que, nesse nosso caso, daremos sempre dois desenhos: um que representa o componente (C) como ele realmente é e outro com o seu símbolo (S).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;clique nas imagens para ampliar:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #632035; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://eletronicacorrea.blogspot.com/2008/08/simbologia-eletrnica.html&quot;&gt;Fonte&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #632035; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/feeds/5546927076723484189/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/06/simbologia-eletronica.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/5546927076723484189'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/5546927076723484189'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/06/simbologia-eletronica.html' title='simbologia eletrônica'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_MoW0MG93KAI3aOp1_lHLvfJCtTNEtMkDNaDMvaTPRVxH_xj8_qWZdPhC3h2bLH9k8aZuiQy8Grhydub_Yw2GMVj04MjW_AtNNiypRxGWaVE2QKxCefH4i60tETOpyd9LP74u2tIBBf9Q/s72-c/componentes+1.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1651526912850569918.post-2142552245446823707</id><published>2011-06-12T14:12:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-06-12T14:12:05.734-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="eletrotécnica"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="motores"/><title type='text'>Fechamento de Motor Trifásico</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cccccc; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Fechamento em Triângulo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cccccc; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cccccc; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cccccc; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Na maioria dos casos os motores possuem 6 pontas de cabos em sua caixa de ligação . O fechamento em triângulo proporciona o fechamento na menor tensão suportada, por exemplo: um motor que suporte 380V e 220V o fechamento em triângulo será para o 220V.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cccccc; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cccccc; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cccccc; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Será possível entender na ilustração abaixo com realizar o fechamento em triângulo e quais pontas do motor deverá ser interligadas com a rede de alimentação.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjls-TYbenU8PQk4pb8i5mPJKNUGN46qBrz-cM_BZzSIkfJ5pogOgv4KnPmvs0oMptH4zej8GDqXdq7OoIrI-Uf9BhSSGq-JJFJfKgFC5g7DQV-xvqBkXufAX0uGCMct2JniFiWnoRMB5_/s1600/%2560Fechamento+Triangulo.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjls-TYbenU8PQk4pb8i5mPJKNUGN46qBrz-cM_BZzSIkfJ5pogOgv4KnPmvs0oMptH4zej8GDqXdq7OoIrI-Uf9BhSSGq-JJFJfKgFC5g7DQV-xvqBkXufAX0uGCMct2JniFiWnoRMB5_/s320/%2560Fechamento+Triangulo.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cccccc; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Fechamento em Estrela&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Verdana; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Bom, como vimos a maioria dos motores apresentam 6 pontas e para podermos ligá-lo ao maior nível de tensão disponível devemos fecha-lo em estrela.&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Este fechamento é basicamente simples e (considero eu) mais fácil que o triângulo. Veja a seguir a ilustração deste fechamento.&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiilAlqimsEe2n4KtfnBdmNg4uxe3EjKW2VddzhjHvpu7i-nqvqtcc4Psr9RcK94yHHL1ooc_yzrKaUMHEmABgFBoeF9eCJ3R6xRLDa38XE4jrdc8mRS0q5WoWijnpm4R5y7DljDcJcgPF5/s1600/%2560Fechamento+Estrela.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;239&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiilAlqimsEe2n4KtfnBdmNg4uxe3EjKW2VddzhjHvpu7i-nqvqtcc4Psr9RcK94yHHL1ooc_yzrKaUMHEmABgFBoeF9eCJ3R6xRLDa38XE4jrdc8mRS0q5WoWijnpm4R5y7DljDcJcgPF5/s320/%2560Fechamento+Estrela.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cccccc; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cccccc; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cccccc; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;&quot;&gt;(NOTA DO EDITOR: um dos maiores causadores de queima de motores é o fechamento errado, hoje em dia quase todos os motores vem com uma &quot;colinha&quot; na placa de identificação onde você pode ver o fechamento, lembre-se de prestar bastante atenção na hora de fazer o fechamento.)&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/feeds/2142552245446823707/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/06/fechamento-de-motor-trifasico.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/2142552245446823707'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1651526912850569918/posts/default/2142552245446823707'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://shockinsano.blogspot.com/2011/06/fechamento-de-motor-trifasico.html' title='Fechamento de Motor Trifásico'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjls-TYbenU8PQk4pb8i5mPJKNUGN46qBrz-cM_BZzSIkfJ5pogOgv4KnPmvs0oMptH4zej8GDqXdq7OoIrI-Uf9BhSSGq-JJFJfKgFC5g7DQV-xvqBkXufAX0uGCMct2JniFiWnoRMB5_/s72-c/%2560Fechamento+Triangulo.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>