Economics

The Economic of Keynes

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Mon, 18 Jan 2010 22:59:00 -0800

The present discussion of the economics of Keynes forcoses on the forces which determine the volume of effective demand, an insufficiency of which leads to unemployment, and excess of which causes inflation. The plan has been to follow the outline of the "General theory" and to bring in at appropriate points the aspecsts of keynes's work which contribute to his fundamental position. Restatements and modifications made by keynes in articles after 1936 have been incorporated into his general theory, with the last statement being taken as definitive. The chapter on war and post war inflation is based mainly on keynes's How to Pay for The War (1940). In the concluding chapter, in an interpretation is given of the meaning and significance of keynes entire contribution to economic theory and policy.

The subject matter if this book is the economics of keynes rather than keynesian economics. The distinction is important. In recent years the scientific, as well as the not-so-scientific, literature in economics has been filled with books and articles refining, enlarging, critizing, and "refuting". What is now commonly referred to as "The New Economics". The positve contributions of other in this vast literature are important, but ini a book of this size and type is it not possible encompass the field of discussion and controversy. The basic idea behind this book is the need for simple and thorought exposition of the ideas of the one man who stands out above all others as the chief architect of The New Economics. The extent to which keynes dominates recent development in economics is indicated by the fact that The Keynessian Revolution is synonym for "The New Economics". Oscasionally in the test and in the text and in footnotes, some of the more important extensions and refinements of keynes work have been introduced, but there is no systematic attempt to survey the supplementary literature the numerous debates which have centered around keynes. For the benefit of readers who wish to pursue these issues further, a list of suggested readings is included for each chapter, as well as a bibiliography of keynes' own writings at the of the book.

The Subtance of Economics

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:18:00 -0800

What is Economics? if you student's economics so must understand the economy meaning. Economic is a study of men as they live and move and think in the ordinary business of life. But it concerns it self chiely with those motives which effect, most powerfully and most steadly man's coduct in the business part of life. Everyone who is worth anything carries his higher nature with him to business; and there as elsewhere he is influenced by his personal effections, by his conceptions of duty and his reverence for high ideals. The motive is supplied by a definite amount of money : and it is this definite and exact money measurement of the steadiest motives in business life, which has enabled economics for to outrun every other branch of the study of man. Just as the chemist's fine balance has made chemictry more exact than most other physical sciences; so this economist's balance, rough and imperfect as it is, has made economics more exact than any other branch of social science. But of course economics cannot be compared with the exact physical science: for it deals with the ever changing anf subtle forces of human nature.

There are several other limitations of the measurement of motive by money to be discussed. The first of these arises from the necesessity of taking account of variations in the amount of pleasure, or other satisfication represented by the same sum money to different persons and under different circumstances.

A shiling may measure a greather pleasure (or other satisfaction) at one time than a another even for the same person; because money may be more plentiful with him, or because his sensibility may vary.

Science Economic

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 10 Jan 2010 20:53:00 -0800

Economic condition are constanly changing,and each generation looks at its own problems in its own way. In England, as on the continent and in America, Economics studies are being more vogorously pursued now than ever before; but all this activity has only shown the more clearly that economic science is, and must be, one of slown and continous growth. Some of the best work of the present generation has indeed appread at first sight to be antagonistic to that of earlier writers; but when it has had time to settle down into its proper place, and its rought edges have been worn a way, it has been found to innolve no real breach continuity in development of the science. The new doctrines have supplemented the older, but very seldom have subverted them.

Application of the principle of continuity is the use of terms. There has always been a temptation to classify economic goods in clearly defined groups about which a number of short and sharp propositions could made, to gratify at once the student's desire for logical precision, and the popular liking for dogmas that great mischief seems to have been done b yielding to this temptation, and drawing broad artificial linesof division where nature has made none. The more simple and absolute an economocs doctrine is the greather will be the confusion which it brings into attempts to apply economic doctrines to practice, if the divilding lines to which it refers cannot be found in real life. There is not in real life a clear line of division between things are and are not capital, or that are not necessaries, or againt between labour that is and not productive.

Stock Price Maximization and Social Welfare

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Wed, 6 Jan 2010 23:10:00 -0800

If a firm athempts to maximize its fundamental. Stock price, is this good or bad for society? In general, its good. Aside from such illegal actions as fraudulent a accounting, exploiting monopoly power, violoting safety codes, and failing to meet environmental standards, the same actions that maximize fundamental stock prices also benefit society. Here are some of the reasons:

To a large extent, the owner of stock are society. Seventy- five years ago this was not true, because most stock ownership was concentrated in the hands of a relatively small segment of society, comprised of the wealthiest individuals.
Consumer benefit. Stock price maximization requires efficient, low- cost businesses that produce high-quality goods and services at the lowest possible cost. This means that companies must develop product and sevices that consumers want and need, which leads to new technology and new product. Also, companies that maximize their stock price must generate growth in sales by creating value for customers in the form of efficient and courteous services adequate stocks of merchandise, and well- located business establishedments. People, increase product prices and gouge the public. In a reasonably competive economics, which we have, price are constrained by competition and consumer resistance.
Employees benefit. There are cases in which a stock increase when a company announces a plan to lay off employees, but viewed overtime this is the exception rather than the rule. In general, companies that successeful increase stock prices also grow and add more employees, thus benefiting society.

One of fortune magazine's key criteria in determining their list of most admired companies is a companies is a company's ability to attract, develop and retain talented people. Their results consistenly show high correlations among a company's being admired, its ability to satify employees and its creation of value for shareholders. Employees find that it is both fun and financially rewarding to work for successful companies. Thus, successful companies get the cream of the employee crop, and skilled, motivation employees are one of the keys to corporate success.

The MBA, Finance, and Your Career

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Wed, 6 Jan 2010 00:14:00 -0800

To be successful, a company must meet its first goal; identifity, creating, and deliving highly valued products and services to its customers. This required that it possess all three of the key attributes; good leaders, good managers, and a good work force. Therefore, it's not these attributes. For example, courses in economics, comunication, strategy, organizational behavior, and human resources should prepare you for a leadership role and enable you to effectively manage your company's work force. Other courses, such as marketing, operation management, and information technology, increase your knowledge of spesific disciplines, enabling you to develop the efficient business processes and strong external relationship your company needs. In particular, this finance course will enable you forecast your company's funding requirements and then describe strategies for acquiring the necessary capital. In short, your MBA courses will give you the skills you need to help a company achieve its kiist geal; producing goods and services that customers want.

Successful companies must also meet their second goal, which is generating enought cash to compensate the investors who provided the necessary capital if you want successful you must have expertise in finance, no matter your major. This, finance is a critical part of an MBA education, and, it will help you throughout your career.

Financial Management

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Tue, 5 Jan 2010 02:01:00 -0800

Finance is, in a real sense, the connorstone of the free enterprise system. Good financial management is therefore vitally important to the economics health of business firms, hence to the nation and the world. Because of its importance, corporate finance should be throughly understood. However, this is easier said than done the field is relatively complex, and it is undergoing constant charge in response to shifts in economics conditions. All of this makes corporate finance stimulating and exciting, but also challenging and sometimes perplexing. we sincerely hope that financial management will help readers understand and solve the financial problem faced by businesses today.

supervision in Islamic economics

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Wed, 30 Dec 2009 01:04:00 -0800

Islamic state obligations is supervise the economic activities to prevent the weak faith of the economic distortions purpose of prevention so that economic actors can avoid the usury. Because usury is forbidden by Islam and supervision in the Islamic country also aims to prevent anything that affects the freedom of trade transactions and processes so the supply and demand of goods can proceed smoothly.

supervision is one of the basic tasks of modern management that is determine that everything went smoothly according to the desired. Umar bin Khattab r.a very popular with the supervision for citizens, and firm against those who do deviations, especially government officials. Islamic hate corruption, collusion and nepotism, because it can make people suffer. Therefore very important oversight

U.S. Gov't Gold

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Wed, 23 Sep 2009 21:02:00 -0700

The United States Rare Coin and Bullion Reserve Vault Facility today announces the final release of U.S. Gov't Issued Gold Coins previosly held in The West Point Depository/U.S. Mint. For limited time, U.S. Citizens will heve the opportunity to purchase these $5 Gov't Issued Gold Coins for the Incredible "at-cost" price of only $124.00 percoin. An amazing price because these U.S. Gov't Issued Gold Coins are completely free of dealer markup. that's correct, our cost. This may be your final opportunity to buy U.S. Gov't Issued Gold Coins at-cost. The Gold market, which recently skyrocketed past $9000/oz.,is predicted by reaching up to $3,000/oz.in the future. Due to extremely high Gold demand, availability of these special at-cost Gold Coins may vary based on current vault inventory. The United States Rare Coin and Bullion Reserve will release these U.S. Gov'tIssued Gold Coins at-cost on first-come, first-serve basis.

Analysis market

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Fri, 7 Aug 2009 04:13:00 -0700

Analysis in an Efficient Market
Market Efficiency
1)assumes competent and informed analysis

2)distinguish aggregate from individual behavior

3)reflects information (both reliable and unreliable)
-country differences in rewards to analysis

Economic Income:

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Tue, 4 Aug 2009 19:58:00 -0700

•Equals net cash flows + the change in the present value of future cash flows
•Measures change in shareholder value—reflecting the financial effects of all events in a comprehensive manner
•Includes both recurring and nonrecurring components—rendering it less useful for forecasting future earnings potential

•Related to Hicksian concept of income—income includes both realized (cash flow) and unrealized (holding gain or loss) components

Interest rate characteristics

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Tue, 4 Aug 2009 19:52:00 -0700

Interest rate characteristics will have an impact to the investing and
financing decision making since interest rate is a cost of funding and
expected outcome as well. Having the understanding of interest rate
characteristics, the most efficient cost of funding and higher expected
outcome will be resulted.
Compound interest rate is a common rate in business that has always
been modified with its compounding periods, known as effective interest
rate. In practice, the effective interest rate will be converted to the flat
interest rate so that it will be easy to do the investing and financing as
well as finding the most effective cost of funding with the highest
outcome.

rate influence

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Tue, 4 Aug 2009 19:33:00 -0700

This research aimed to give empirical evidence whether Indonesian Bank Notes
(Sertifikat Bank Indonesia) and exchange rate as proxies of macro variables have
influence to systematics risk of stocks traded in Jakarta Stock Exchange. Using
multivariate regression analysis with data of 43 samples company listed in year 2000
to 2002 which is brokedown into manufacturing firms and non manufacturing firms,
we concluded that Indonesian Bank Notes and exchange rate have a significant
influence to the systematics risk. We also find an interisting result that indutry
concentration has attributes to alter the relationship between the two macro variables
and systematics risk. In manufacturing firms, only exchange rate which influences the
systematics risk, in contrary, only the Indonesian Bank notes has influence to the
systematic risk for nonmanufacturing firms.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Tue, 4 Aug 2009 19:20:00 -0700

Learning Objectives

1)Explain the purpose of analysis.
2)Identify the building blocks of analysis.
3)Describe standards for comparisons in analysis.
4)Identify the tools of analysis.