𝓜𝔂 𝓒𝓸𝓭𝓲𝓷𝓰 𝓑𝓵𝓸𝓬𝓴𝓼

Write a C program to find hamming distance. For example Hamming distance d(v1 ,v2)=3 if v 1=011011,v2=110001.

2020-09-28T13:37:00.004+05:30

Hamming distance d(v1 ,v2)=3 if v 1=011011,v2=110001.

Example :-

 
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
        {
            int i,l1,l2,count=0;
            char one[200],two[200];
    while(1)
        {
            printf("Enter First String ::\n");
            scanf("%s",&one);
            printf("Enter Second String ::\n");
            scanf("%s",&two);

        l1=strlen(one);
        l2=strlen(two);
    if(l1!=l2)
    {
     printf("\nLength of both strings must be same, enter again!\n");
    }
    else
        {
            for(i=0;i<l1;i++)
                {
                    if(one[i]!=two[i])
                {
                    count++;
                }
        }
    break;
        }
 }
    printf("\nHamming distance :-\t%d",count);
    return 0;
}
 

OUTPUT

 
Enter First String ::
Coding 
Enter Second String ::
Blocks

Hamming distance :- 6
 

Write a program to create Calendar in Android.

2020-09-28T13:29:00.001+05:30

Calendar in Android.

MainActivity.java

package com.example.sunny.calendar;

import android.content.Intent;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private TextView thedate;
    private Button btngocalendar;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        thedate = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.date);
        btngocalendar = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btngocalendar);

        Intent incoming = getIntent();
        String date = incoming.getStringExtra("date");
        thedate.setText(date);

        btngocalendar.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this,Calendar.class);
                startActivity(intent);
            }
        });
    }
}

Calendar.java



package com.example.sunny.calendar;

import android.content.Intent;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.CalendarView;

public class Calendar extends AppCompatActivity {

    private  static final String TAG = "Calendar";
    private CalendarView mCal;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_calendar);

        mCal = (CalendarView) findViewById(R.id.calView);
        mCal.setOnDateChangeListener(new CalendarView.OnDateChangeListener() {
            @Override
            public void onSelectedDayChange(CalendarView CalendarView, int year, int month, int dayOfMonth) {
                String date = year + "/" + month + "/"+ dayOfMonth ;
                Log.d(TAG, "onSelectedDayChange: yyyy/mm/dd:" + date);
                Intent intent = new Intent(Calendar.this,MainActivity.class);
                intent.putExtra("date",date);
                startActivity(intent);

            }
        });
    }
}

activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="#f5b041 "
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/cdate"
        android:layout_width="120dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
        android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
        android:layout_marginTop="215dp"
        android:textColor=" #2e86c1 "
        android:text="Date"
        android:textAlignment="center"
        android:textSize="25dp"
        android:visibility="visible"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.0"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.219" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btncalendar"
        android:layout_width="266dp"
        android:layout_height="47dp"
        android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
        android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
        android:layout_marginTop="82dp"
        android:text="Go to calendar"
        tools:layout_editor_absoluteX="47dp"
        tools:layout_editor_absoluteY="8dp" />

</RelativeLayout>

activity_calendar.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background=" #f8c471 "
    tools:context=".Calendar">


    <CalendarView
        android:id="@+id/calView"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

</LinearLayout>

AndroidManifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.sunny.calendar">

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <activity android:name=".Calendar"></activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

OUTPUT

How to Creaate Android First Program.

2020-09-17T13:00:00.004+05:30

Write a Program to print pyramid using # in C.

2020-09-14T11:58:00.001+05:30

Print pyramid using # in C.

EXAMPLE :-

 
/* This is Pattern program using # in C */

#include <stdio.h>
/* Main function starts from here*/
int main()
{
    int i, j, rows;

/* This statement will numer of rows message */
    printf("Enter number of rows: ");
    scanf("%d",&rows);

/* using for loop*/
    for(i=1; i<=rows; ++i)
    {
        for(j=1; j<=i; ++j)
        {
            printf("# ");
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
    return 0;
}
 

OUTPUT

 
Enter number of rows: 5

# 
# # 
# # # 
# # # # 
# # # # # 
 

Write a program to create Menu List (Option Menu,Context Menu,PopUp Menu) In Android.

2020-09-12T12:27:00.003+05:30

Menu List (Option Menu,Context Menu,PopUp Menu) In Android.

Step :-1 Create New Project

Step : -2 Create New menu.xml file

MainActivity.java


package com.example.sunny.menus;

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.ActionMode;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuInflater;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.PopupMenu;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements PopupMenu.OnMenuItemClickListener {
    private ActionMode actionMode=null;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);


    }
    public void PopUpMenu(View v) {
        PopupMenu popup = new PopupMenu(this, v);

        popup.setOnMenuItemClickListener(this);
        popup.inflate(R.menu.menu);
        popup.show();
    }
    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        MenuInflater inflater = getMenuInflater();
        inflater.inflate(R.menu.menu, menu);
        return true;
    }
    private ActionMode.Callback actionModeCallback = new ActionMode.Callback() {

        @Override
        public boolean onCreateActionMode(ActionMode mode, Menu menu) {
            MenuInflater inflater = mode.getMenuInflater();
            inflater.inflate(R.menu.menu, menu);
            return true;
        }


        @Override
        public boolean onPrepareActionMode(ActionMode mode, Menu menu) {
            return false;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean onActionItemClicked(ActionMode mode, MenuItem item) {
            switch (item.getItemId()) {
                case R.id.setting:
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"Clicked Setting",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    mode.finish();
                    return true;

                case R.id.logout:
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"Clicked Logout",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    mode.finish();
                    return true;
                default:
                    return false;
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onDestroyActionMode(ActionMode mode) {
            actionMode = null;
        }
    };
    public  void ActionMode(View view){

        TextView click=findViewById(R.id.conttext_menu);
        click.setOnLongClickListener(new View.OnLongClickListener() {
            public boolean onLongClick(View view) {
                if (actionMode != null) {
                    return false;
                }

                actionMode = MainActivity.this.startActionMode(actionModeCallback);
                view.setSelected(true);
                return true;
            }
        });

menu.xml    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        Toast.makeText(this, "Selected Item: " +item.getTitle(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        switch (item.getItemId()) {
            case R.id.search_item:
                // do your code
                return true;
            case R.id.upload_item:
                // do your code
activity_main.xml                return true;
            case R.id.copy_item:
                // do your code
                return true;
            case R.id.print_item:
                // do your code
                return true;
            case R.id.share_item:
                // do your code
                return true;
            case R.id.bookmark_item:
                // do your code
                return true;
            default:
                return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) {
        Toast.makeText(this, "Selected Item: " +item.getTitle(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        switch (item.getItemId()) {
            case R.id.search_item:
                // do your code
                return true;
            case R.id.upload_item:
                // do your code
activity_main.xml                return true;
            case R.id.copy_item:
                // do your code
                return true;
            case R.id.print_item:
                // do your code
                return true;
            case R.id.share_item:
                // do your code
                return true;
            case R.id.bookmark_item:
                // do your code
                return true;
            default:
                return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
        }

    }
}

activity_main.xml



<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@drawable/menu2"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">


    <Button
        android:id="@+id/conttext_menu"
        android:layout_width="150dp"
        android:layout_height="83dp"
        android:layout_alignParentStart="true"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
        android:layout_marginStart="17dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="17dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="233dp"
        android:onClick="ActionMode"
        android:background="#0080ff"
        android:text="Context Menu"
        android:textSize="20dp" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/popup_menu"
        android:layout_width="150dp"
        android:layout_height="83dp"
        android:layout_alignParentEnd="true"
        android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
        android:layout_marginEnd="20dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="20dp"
        android:layout_marginBottom="288dp"
        android:onClick="PopUpMenu"
        android:background="#0080ff"
        android:text="Pop Up Menu"
        android:textSize="20dp" />
    

</RelativeLayout>

menu.xml



<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto">
    <item android:title="Setting" android:id="@+id/setting">

    </item>

    <item android:id="@+id/logout" android:title="Logout" app:showAsAction="never"></item>

        <item android:id="@+id/search_item"
            android:title="Search" />
        <item android:id="@+id/upload_item"
            android:title="Upload" />
        <item android:id="@+id/copy_item"
            android:title="Copy" />
        <item android:id="@+id/print_item"
            android:title="Print" />
        <item android:id="@+id/share_item"
            android:title="Share" />
        <item android:id="@+id/bookmark_item"
            android:title="BookMark" />


</menu>

OUTPUT

Android Menu Program in Menu

Android Menu Program on Option Menu

After Click Option Menu Show......

Android Menu Program on Option Menu

Android Menu Program on Context Menu

After Click Context Menu Show.........

Android Menu Program on PopUp Menu

Write a program to create Menu List In Android.

2020-09-11T12:27:00.003+05:30

Android Option Menu Example

EXAMPLE :-

MainActivity.java

package com.example.sunny.menu;

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {



    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);


    }


    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.options_menu, menu);
        return true;
    }
    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        Toast.makeText(this, "Selected Item: " +item.getTitle(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        switch (item.getItemId()) {
            case R.id.search_item:
                // do your code
                return true;
            case R.id.upload_item:
                // do your code
                return true;
            case R.id.copy_item:
                // do your code
                return true;
            case R.id.print_item:
                // do your code
                return true;
            case R.id.share_item:
                // do your code
                return true;
            case R.id.bookmark_item:
                // do your code
                return true;
            default:
                return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
        }
    }
}

activity_main.xml


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@drawable/menu"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="This Is Menu Program!"
        android:textColor="@color/green"
        android:textSize="30dp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.495"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.478" />

</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>

AndroidManifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.sunny.menu">

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

options_menu.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">

    <item android:id="@+id/search_item"
        android:title="Search" />
    <item android:id="@+id/upload_item"
        android:title="Upload" />
    <item android:id="@+id/copy_item"
        android:title="Copy" />
    <item android:id="@+id/print_item"
        android:title="Print" />
    <item android:id="@+id/share_item"
        android:title="Share" />
    <item android:id="@+id/bookmark_item"
        android:title="BookMark" />



</menu>

OUTPUT

Write a Lex program to count the number of comment lines in a given C program.

2020-09-09T11:33:00.001+05:30

Count the number of comment lines in a given C program using Lex

EXAMPLE :-

%{ int com=0; %} %% "/*"[^\n]+"*/" {com++;fprintf(yyout, " ");} %% int yywrap(void){} int main() { printf("Write a C program find Comment line : \n"); yyout=fopen("Output", "w"); yylex(); printf("Comment=%d\n",com); return 0; }

OUTPUT

sunny@sunny-PC:~/Desktop$ flex comment.l sunny@sunny-PC:~/Desktop$ gcc lex.yy.c sunny@sunny-PC:~/Desktop$ ./a.out

Write a C program find Comment line :

/* Write Hello World in C*/ #include <stdio.h> /* Main function starts from here*/ int main() { /* This statement will print Hello World message */ printf(“Hello World!”); return 0; }

Ctrl+d

Comment=3

Write a Lex program which adds line numbers to the given file and display the same onto the standard output.

2020-09-09T11:13:00.000+05:30

LEX program to add line numbers to a given file

EXAMPLE :-

Create first file line.l or line.lex , and Create Second file line.java

line.l

%{ int line_number = 1; %} line .*\n %% {line} { printf("%10d %s", line_number++, yytext); } %% int yywrap(){} int main(int argc, char*argv[]) { extern FILE *yyin; yyin = fopen("line.java","r"); yylex(); return 0; }

INPUT :-

line.java

class hello{ public static void main(String args[]){ System.out.println("Hello World !"); } }

OUTPUT

sunny@sunny-PC:~/Desktop$ flex line.l sunny@sunny-PC:~/Desktop$ gcc lex.yy.c sunny@sunny-PC:~/Desktop$ ./a.out 1 class hello 2 { 3 public static void main(String args[]) 4 { 5 System.out.println("Hello World !"); 6 } 7 }

Write a Lex program to print out all HTML tags in file.

2020-09-09T11:00:00.002+05:30

Print out all HTML tags in file in Lex

EXAMPLE :-

Create first file tag.l or tag.lex , and Create Second file tags.txt

tag.l

%{ %} %% "<"[^>]*> {printf("%s\n", yytext); } . ; %% int yywrap(){} int main(int argc, char*argv[]) { yyin=fopen("tags.txt","r"); yylex(); return 0; }

INPUT :-

tags.txt

<html> <title> Html Tags </title> <head></head> <body> <h1> A smile is happiness you’ll find right under your nose. </h1> </body> </html>

OUTPUT

sunny@sunny-PC:~/Desktop$ flex h.l sunny@sunny-PC:~/Desktop$ gcc lex.yy.c sunny@sunny-PC:~/Desktop$ ./a.out <html> <title> </title> <head> </head> <body> <h1> </h1> </body> </html>

Write a Lex program to print out all numbers from the given file.

2020-09-09T10:49:00.001+05:30

Print out all numbers from the given file in Lex Program.

Create first file Num.l or Num.lex , and Create Second file num.txt

Num.l

%{ #include <stdio.h> %} %% [0-9]+ { printf("%s\n", yytext); } .|\n ; %% int yywrap(void){} int main(int argc, char*argv[]) { yyin=fopen("num.txt","r"); yylex(); return 0; }

INPUT :-

num.txt

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

OUTPUT

sunny@sunny-PC:~/Desktop$ flex num.l sunny@sunny-PC:~/Desktop$ gcc lex.yy.c sunny@sunny-PC:~/Desktop$ ./a.out 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

Activity Lifecycle in Android with Source code.

2020-09-06T14:27:00.007+05:30

Android Activity Lifecycle is controlled by 7 methods of android.app.Activity class.
The android Activity is the subclass of Context Theme Wrapper class.

Method	Description
onCreate	called when activity is first created.
onStart	called when activity is becoming visible to the user.
onResume	called when activity will start interacting with the user.
onPause	called when activity is not visible to the user.
onStop	called when activity is no longer visible to the user.
onRestart	called after your activity is stopped, prior to start.
onDestroy	called before the activity is destroyed.

EXAMPLE :-

activity_mail.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout 
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Android Life Cycle Program!"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>

MainActivity.java

package com.example.sunny.lifecycle;

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"onCreate Method Call",
                Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

}

protected void onStart()
        {
            super.onStart();
            
            Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"onStart Method Call",
                    Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

        }

@Override
protected void onRestart()
        {
        super.onRestart();
            Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"onRestart Method Call",
                    Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

        }

protected void onPause()
        {
        super.onPause();
            Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"onPause Method Call",
                    Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

        }

protected void onResume()
        {
        super.onResume();
            Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"onResume Method Call",
                    Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

        }

protected void onStop()
        {
        super.onStop();
           
            Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"onStop Method Call",
                    Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

        }

protected void onDestroy()
        {
        super.onDestroy();
            Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"onDestroy Method Call",
                    Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

        }
 }

OUTPUT

Write a Lex Program to count number of words.

2020-09-02T12:43:00.003+05:30

EXAMPLE :-

%{ #include<stdio.h> #include<string.h> int s = 0; %} %% ([a-zA-Z0-9])* {s++;} "\n" {printf("%d\n", s); s = 0;} %% int yywrap(void){} int main() { yylex(); return 0; }

OUTPUT

sunny@sunny-PC:~/Desktop$ flex nw.l sunny@sunny-PC:~/Desktop$ gcc lex.yy.c sunny@sunny-PC:~/Desktop$ ./a.out Computer Science 2

Write a Lex program to count number of vowels and consonants in a given input string.

2020-09-02T12:06:00.002+05:30

Step 1 :- lex filename.l or lex filename.lex depending on the extension file is saved with
Step 2 :- gcc lex.yy.c
Step 3 :- ./a.out

cv.l

%{ int vowel=0; int const =0; %} %% [aeiouAEIOU] {vowel++;} [a-zA-Z] {const++;} %% int yywrap(){} int main() { printf("Enter the string of Vowels and Consonents ::"); yylex(); printf("Number of vowels are : %d\n", vowel); printf("Number of consonants are : %d\n", const); return 0; }

OUTPUT

sunny@sunny-PC:~/Desktop$ flex cv.l sunny@sunny-PC:~/Desktop$ gcc lex.yy.c sunny@sunny-PC:~/Desktop$ ./a.out Enter the string of Vowels and Consonents :: Peace begins with a smile

press ctrl+d

Number of vowels are: 9 Number of consonants are: 12

Create a Lexer to take input from text file and count no of characters, no. of lines & no. of words.

2020-09-02T11:42:00.006+05:30

Count no of characters no. of lines & no. of words in Lex Program.

Step 1 :- lex filename.l or lex filename.lex depending on the extension file is saved with
Step 2 :- gcc lex.yy.c
Step 3 :- ./a.out

file.l

%{ #include<stdio.h> int lines=0,words=0,char=0; %} %% \n {lines++ ; words;} [\t ' '] words++; [a-zA-Z] char++; %% int main() { yyin=fopen("s.txt" , "r"); yylex(); printf("\n File Contents..\n"); printf("\n\t%d Line",lines); printf("\n\t%d Words",words); printf("\n\t%d Characters",char); return 0; } int yywrap() { return 1; }

INPUT :

s.txt

All our dreams can come true if we have the

courage to pursue them The secret of getting ahead is getting started

Mark Twain

OUTPUT

sunny@sunny-PC:~/Desktop$ flex file.l sunny@sunny-PC:~/Desktop$ gcc lex.yy.c sunny@sunny-PC:~/Desktop$ ./a.out

File Contents.. 1 Line 26 Words 111 Characters

Implement RSA Algorithm Encryption and Decryption in C++.

2020-09-01T13:33:00.006+05:30

RSA (Rivest–Shamir–Adleman) is an algorithm used by modern computers to encrypt and decrypt messages.
It is an asymmetric cryptographic algorithm.
Asymmetric means that there are two different keys.
This is also called public key cryptography, because one of the keys can be given to anyone.

EXAMPLE :-

#include<iostream>
#include<math.h>
using namespace std;
int gcd(int a, int b) {
   int s;
   while(1) {
      s= a%b;
      if(s==0)
      return b;
      a = b;
      b= s;
   }
}
int main() {



   double x = 3;
   double y = 5;
   double n=x*y;
   double track;
   double phi= (x-1)*(y-1);
   double e=11;

  while(e<phi) {
      track = gcd(e,phi);
      if(track==1)
         break;
      else
         e++;
   }
  
  
   double d1=1/e;
   double d=fmod(d1,phi);
   double message = 13;
   double c = pow(message,e); 
   double m = pow(c,d);
   
   c=fmod(c,n);
   m=fmod(m,n);
   cout<<"Original Message = "<<message;
   cout<<"\n"<<"x = "<<x;
   cout<<"\n"<<"y = "<<y;
   cout<<"\n"<<"n = xy = "<<n;
   cout<<"\n"<<"phi = "<<phi;
   cout<<"\n"<<"e = "<<e;
   cout<<"\n"<<"d = "<<d;
   cout<<"\n"<<"Encrypted message = "<<c;
   cout<<"\n"<<"Decrypted message = "<<m;
   return 0;
}

OUTPUT

Original Message = 13 x = 3 y = 5 n = xy = 15 phi = 8 e = 11 d = 0.0909091 Encrypted message = 7 Decrypted message = 13

Implement RSA Algorithm Encryption and Decryption in C

2020-09-01T13:12:00.001+05:30

RSA (Rivest–Shamir–Adleman) is an algorithm used by modern computers to encrypt and decrypt messages.
It is an asymmetric cryptographic algorithm.
Asymmetric means that there are two different keys.
This is also called public key cryptography, because one of the keys can be given to anyone.

EXAMPLE :-

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

typedef struct
    {
        int d;
        int x;
        int y;
    }EE;

    EE extended_euclid(int a, int b) {
    EE e1, e2, e3;
        if (b == 0)
            {
                e1.d = a;
                e1.x = 1;
                e1.y = 0;
                return e1;
            }
            else
            {
                e2 = extended_euclid(b, a % b);
                e3.d = e2.d;
                e3.x = e2.y;
                e3.y = e2.x - floor(a / b) * e2.y;
                return e3;
            }
    }

    int modulo(int x, int N){
    return (x % N + N) % N;
        }

            void decimal_to_binary(int op1, int pq[]){
            int result, i = 0;
            do
            {
                result = op1 % 2;
                op1 /= 2;
                pq[i] = result;
                    i++;
    }
    while(op1 > 0);
}

    int modular_exponentiation(int a, int b, int n){
    int *bb;
    int count = 0, c = 0, d = 1, i;

        count = (int) (log(b)/log(2)) + 1;

        bb = (int *) malloc(sizeof(int*) * count);
        decimal_to_binary(b, bb);

        for (i = count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
            {
                c = 2 * c;
                d = (d*d) % n;
            if (bb[i] == 1)
                {
                    c = c + 1;
                    d = (d*a) % n;
                }
             }
    return d;
}

    int get_d(int e, int phi1){
    EE Ee;
    Ee = extended_euclid(e, phi1);
    return modulo(Ee.x, phi1);
}

        int main(int argc, char* argv[])
        {
            int p1, q1, phi1, n1, e1, d1, m1, c1;
            printf("Enter the value of p1: ");
            scanf("%d", &p1);

            printf("Enter the valeu of q1: ");
            scanf("%d", &q1);

            n1 = p1*q1;
            phi1 = (p1 - 1) * (q1 - 1);

            printf("Enter the value of e: ");
            scanf("%d", &e1);
            d1 = get_d(e1, phi1);

            printf("Public Key: (n = %d, e = %d)\n", n1, e1);
            printf("Private Key: (n = %d, d = %d)\n", n1, d1);
            printf("Enter message to encrypt: ");
            scanf("%d", &m1);

            c1 = modular_exponentiation(m1, e1, n1);
            printf("Encrypted message is: %d\n", c1);
            m1 = modular_exponentiation(c1, d1, n1);
            printf("Message is decrypted to %d\n", m1);
            return 0;
    }

OUTPUT

Implement RSA Algorithm Encryption and Decryption in Python.

2020-09-01T12:24:00.004+05:30

RSA (Rivest–Shamir–Adleman) is an algorithm used by modern computers to encrypt and decrypt messages.
It is an asymmetric cryptographic algorithm.
Asymmetric means that there are two different keys.
This is also called public key cryptography, because one of the keys can be given to anyone.

EXAMPLE :-


import math

print("RSA ENCRYPTION/DECRYPTION")
print("*****************************************************")

# Input Prime Numbers
print("PLEASE ENTER THE 'x' AND 'y' VALUES BELOW:")
x = int(input("Enter a prime number for x: "))
y = int(input("Enter a prime number for y: "))
print("*****************************************************")

def prime_check(k):
    if (k == 2):
        return True
    elif ((k < 2) or ((k % 2) == 0)):
        return False
    elif (k > 2):
        for i in range(2, k):
            if not (k % i):
                return false
    return True


check_x = prime_check(x)
check_y = prime_check(y)
while (((check_x == False) or (check_y == False))):
    x = int(input("Enter a prime number for x: "))
    y = int(input("Enter a prime number for y: "))
    check_x = prime_check(x)
    check_y = prime_check(y)

n = x * y
print("RSA Modulus(n) is:", n)

r = (x - 1) * (y - 1)
print("Eulers Toitent(r) is:", r)
print("*****************************************************")

def egcd(e, r):
    while (r != 0):
        e, r = r, e % r
    return e

def eugcd(e, r):
    for i in range(1, r):
        while (e != 0):
            a, b = r // e, r % e
            if (b != 0):
                print("%d = %d*(%d) + %d" % (r, a, e, b))
            r = e
            e = b

def eea(a, b):
    if (a % b == 0):
        return (b, 0, 1)
    else:
        gcd, s, t = eea(b, a % b)
        s = s - ((a // b) * t)
        print("%d = %d*(%d) + (%d)*(%d)" % (gcd, a, t, s, b))
        return (gcd, t, s)

def mult_inv(e, r):
    gcd, s, _ = eea(e, r)
    if (gcd != 1):
        return None
    else:
        if (s < 0):
            print("s=%d. Since %d is less than 0, "
                  "s = s(modr), i.e., s=%d." % (s, s, s % r))
        elif (s > 0):
            print("s=%d." % (s))
        return s % r

for i in range(1, 1000):
    if (egcd(i, r) == 1):
        e = i
print("The value of e is:", e)
print("*****************************************************")

print("RSA ALGORITHM:")
eugcd(e, r)
print("END OF THE STEPS USED TO ACHIEVE EUCLID'S ALGORITHM.")
print("*****************************************************")
print("RSA EXTENDED ALGORITHM:")
d = mult_inv(e, r)
print("END OF THE STEPS USED TO ACHIEVE THE VALUE OF 'd'.")
print("The value of d is:", d)
print("*****************************************************")
public = (e, n)
private = (d, n)
print("Private Key is:", private)
print("Public Key is:", public)
print("*****************************************************")

def encrypt(pub_key, n_text):
    e, n = pub_key
    x = []
    m = 0
    for i in n_text:
        if (i.isupper()):
            m = ord(i) - 65
            c = (m ** e) % n
            x.append(c)
        elif (i.islower()):
            m = ord(i) - 97
            c = (m ** e) % n
            x.append(c)
        elif (i.isspace()):
            spc = 500
            x.append(500)
    return x


def decrypt(priv_key, c_text):
    d, n = priv_key
    txt = c_text.split(',')
    x = ''
    m = 0
    for i in txt:
        if (i == '500'):
            x += ' '
        else:
            m = (int(i) ** d) % n
            m += 65
            c = chr(m)
            x += c
    return x

message = input("You like Encrypted or Decrypted?
                (Separate numbers with ',' for Decryption):")
print("Your Message is ::", message)

choose = input("Type '1' for Encryption and '2' for Decryption.")

if (choose == '1'):
    enc_msg = encrypt(public, message)
    print("Your Encrypted Message is:", enc_msg)
    print("Thank you for using the RSA Encryption Algorithm. Goodbye!")

elif (choose == '2'):
    print("Your Decrypted Message is:", decrypt(private, message))
    print("Thank you for using the RSA Encryption Algorithm. Goodbye!")

else:
    print("You entered the wrong option.")
    print("Thank you for using the RSA Encryption Algorithm. Goodbye!")

OUTPUT

RSA ENCRYPTION/DECRYPTION
*****************************************************
PLEASE ENTER THE 'x' AND 'y' VALUES BELOW:
Enter a prime number for x: 3
Enter a prime number for y: 5
*****************************************************
RSA Modulus(n) is: 15
Eulers Toitent(r) is: 8
*****************************************************
The value of e is: 999
*****************************************************
RSA ALGORITHM:
8 = 0*(999) + 8
999 = 124*(8) + 7
8 = 1*(7) + 1
END OF THE STEPS USED TO ACHIEVE EUCLID'S ALGORITHM.
*****************************************************
RSA EXTENDED ALGORITHM:
1 = 8*(1) + (-1)*(7)
1 = 999*(-1) + (125)*(8)
s=-1. Since -1 is less than 0, s = s(modr), i.e., s=7.
END OF THE STEPS USED TO ACHIEVE THE VALUE OF 'd'.
The value of d is: 7
*****************************************************
Private Key is: (7, 15)
Public Key is: (999, 15)
*****************************************************
You like Encrypted or Decrypted? (Separate numbers with ',' for Decryption):3,15,20,17,13
Your Message is :: 3,15,20,17,13
Type '1' for Encryption and '2' for Decryption.2
Your Decrypted Message is: MAFIH
Thank you for using the RSA Encryption Algorithm. Goodbye!

Write a Program Insertion Sort using C .

2020-08-31T13:35:00.005+05:30

Insertion sort is also a simple sorting technique and is best suited for small data sets. But it is not suitable for large data sets.
but it is a better sorting technique than bubble sort and selection sort because the complexity of insertion sort is less than both.

Time Complexity
Best [ Ω(n) ]
Average [ θ(n^2) ]
Worst [ O(n^2) ]

Insertion Sort Algorithm

insertionSort(arr)
  mark first element as sorted
  for each unsorted element X
    'extract' the element X
    for j <- lastSortedIndex down to 0
      if current element j > X
        move sorted element to the right by 1
    break loop and insert X here
end insertionSort

EXAMPLE :-

#include<stdio.h>
void Array(int arr[], int size)
    {
        for(int i=0; i<size; i++)
            {
                printf("%d ",arr[i]);
            }
                printf("\n");
    }
void insertionSort(int arr[], int size)
    {
        for(int step=1; step<size; step++)
            {
                int key = arr[step];
                int j=step-1;
        while(key<arr[j] && j>=0)
            {
                arr[j+1] = arr[j];
                    --j;
            }
                arr[j+1]=key;
    }
}
            int main(){
            int data[] = {90, 50, 14, 24, 20};
            int size = sizeof(data)/sizeof(data[0]);
            insertionSort(data, size);
            printf("Sorted array in Asending order :\n");
            printf("***********************************\n");
            Array(data, size);
}

OUTPUT

Sorted array in Asending order : *********************************** 14 20 24 50 90

Write a Program Simple Soring in C.

2020-08-31T13:15:00.002+05:30

Simple Soring in C

Sorting all the data of a data structure in a systematic order is called sorting. These are of two types, in ascending order or descending order.
The lowest value in ascending order is the store at the beginning of the Data List and the highest value at the end of the Data List, while the descending order has the opposite action.
That is, the data of the highest value is the first and the data of the lowest value is the next store in the list.

EXAMPLE :-

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
    {
        int num[5], i ,j ,temp;
            for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
                {
                    printf("Enter the Number :: %d : ", (i+1));
                    scanf("%d", &num[i]);
                }
            for (i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
                {
                    for (j = i + 1; j < 5; ++j)
                        {
                            if (num[i] > num[j])
                                {
                                    temp = num[i];
                                    num[i] = num[j];
                                    num[j] = temp;
                                }
                        }
                }
                printf("Sorting Order Array : \n");
                printf("****************************\n");
                    for (i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
                        printf("%d\n", num[i]);
                        return 0;
    }

OUTPUT

Enter the Number :: 1 : 90 Enter the Number :: 2 : 85 Enter the Number :: 3 : 45 Enter the Number :: 4 : 25 Enter the Number :: 5 : 77 Sorting Order Array : **************************** 25 45 77 85 90

Write a Program of Bubble sort in C.

2020-08-31T12:56:00.001+05:30

This is the most common technique used in extreme use. In this, compare the first value of any Array to the second value of Array.
If the second value of Array is greater than the first value, then the second data is placed in the first place and the first place's data in the second place to be arranged in ascending order.
Then compare the second value of Array to the third value and if the third value is larger than the second value, then the third value is replaced by the second value and the third value instead of the second value.
If the second value is not greater than the third value then no change is made in the location of the second and third values of the Array.

Bubble Sort Algorithm

bubbleSort(arr)
  for i <- 1 to indexOfLastUnsortedElement-1
    if leftElement > rightElement
      swap leftElement and rightElement
end bubbleSort

Optimized Bubble Sort

bubbleSort(array)
  swapped <- false
  for i <- 1 to indexOfLastUnsortedElement-1
    if leftElement > rightElement
      swap leftElement and rightElement
      swapped <- true
end bubbleSort

EXAMPLE :-

#include <stdio.h>
        void swap(int *p1, int *p2)
            {
                int temp = *p1;
                *p1 = *p2;
                *p2 = temp;
            }
                void bubbleSort(int arr[], int n)
                    {
                        int i, j;
                            for (i = 0; i < n-1; i++)
                                for (j = 0; j < n-i-1; j++)
                                    if (arr[j] > arr[j+1])
                swap(&arr[j], &arr[j+1]);
                    }
                void printArray(int arr[], int size)
                    {
                        int i;
                            for (i=0; i < size; i++)
                                printf("%d ", arr[i]);
                                printf("n");
                    }
                    int main()
                        {
                            int arr[] = {65, 35, 25, 50, 12, 61, 70};
                            int n = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);
                            bubbleSort(arr, n);
                            printf("Sorted array..... \n");
                            printArray(arr, n);
            return 0;
            }

OUTPUT

Sorted array..... 12 25 35 50 61 65 70

9.3.4 Switch Statement

2020-08-31T12:31:00.000+05:30

Switch Statement in C.

The switch statement is similar to if statement but case check is done instead of checking the condition.
When you come to a particular case, you write the statements that you want to execute inside the case.
Case is matched to an integer variable.
The same case goes to the execute case which matches the integer variable

Syntax :-

int caseNumber = n;
    switch(caseNumber)
      {
        case 1:
            /* Statements to be executed if caseNumber is 1 */
              break;
        case 2:
            /* Statements to be executed if caseNumber is 2 */
              break;
        default:
            /* Statements to be executed if caseNumber is not 1 & 2 */
              break;
      }

When you set the caseNumber variable with an integer value and pass it in the switch statement, the same number that matches this number will be executed.
For example, if you have passed 2 in case number then the case of second number will execute and all statements before the break will be executed.
If a case does not match then the default case is execute.
If after each case the break statement is used then all the cases will be executed.
You can also define the case with alphabets.

EXAMPLE :-

// Switch Statement in C.

#include <stdio.h>

void main()

{

int caseNumber;

printf("Enter a number : ");

scanf("%d",&caseNumber);

/* Passing the case number to switch to execute desired case */

switch(caseNumber)

{

      case 1:

          printf("\n First Switch Case executed..");

            break;

      case 2:

          printf("\n Second Switch Case executed..");

            break;

      case 3:

          printf("\n Third Switch Case executed..");

            break;

      case 4:

          printf("\n Fourth Switch Case executed..");

            break;

      default:

          printf("\n You can only enter 1,2,3 and 4");

            break;

}

}

OUTPUT

Third Switch Case executed..

9.3.3 else if

2020-08-31T11:42:00.002+05:30

If you want to put another condition between if and else, then you can do it by defining another if block.

Syntax

if(expression)
    {
        //execute your code
    }
    else if(expression n)
    {
        //execute your code
    }
    else
    {
        //execute your code
    }

EXAMPLE :-

if(sudoAge > bkAge)
  {
    printf("Sudo is elder");
  }
    /* one more condition checked using else if */
  else if(bkAge > sudoAge)
    {
      printf("Bk is elder");
    }
  else
    {
      printf("Both are equal");
    } 

9.3.2 If-Else Statement

2020-08-27T13:00:00.000+05:30

If else statement is considered as part of an if statement.
But else block and add to it.
The statement given in Else block is executed when the condition of if is false.

if(condition)
    {
        /* Statements to be executed when condition is true */
    }
    else
    {
        /* Statements to be executed when condition is false */
    }

As you know if the statements in if block are executed on if the condition is true.
But you can also decide what to do if the condition is false.
For this you use else block. This block always comes after the if block.
These statements are written in this block, which will be executed if the condition is false.
If if else statement is used in the above example then you can write it like this.

#include <stdio.h>
void main()
    {
        int sudoAge = 25;
        int bkAge = 30;
            /* Taking decision using if else statements */
    if(sudoAge > bkAge)
        {       
            printf("Sudo is elder:");
        }
        else
            {
                printf("Bk is elder:");
            }
}

OUTPUT

Bk is elder:

9.3.1 If Statement

2020-08-27T12:42:00.004+05:30

If statement define a block by curly braces {}.
When the condition is true then the statement given in this block is executed.

if(condition)
        {
            /* Statements to be executed if condition is true */
        }

If the condition is false then skip the entire block to the compiler.
If the if statement is used in the above example, then the program can be written as

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int sudoAge = 22;
    int bkAge = 21;
        /* Taking decision which variable holds bigger value using if statement */
    if(sudoAge > bkAge)
    {
        printf("sudo is elder\n");
    }
return 0;
}

In the above example, a condition is used while using conditional operator.
If the age of Sudo is greater than Bk then the printf () statement given in the if statement will execute.
But if not, then this statement will not be executed.

sudo is elder

9.3 Introduction to C Decision Making

2020-08-27T12:15:00.007+05:30

You can decide which statements you want to execute in your program and which statements you want to skip.
This is called decision making.
Most decisions are done on a condition basis.
When a particular condition arrives, you can execute the statements you want.
For this, you use some built in statements.
Because these statements work with the conditions, they are also called conditional statements.
And because they control execution in the statement program, they are also called control statements.
Suppose you want to print the name of any of the two students whose age is over.
How can you do this? See the program below.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
    {
        sudoAge = 22;
        bkAge = 21;
    }

In the above example, 2 students have been stored in age 2 variables.
But you only have to print the age of the student whose age is the highest.
In this situation you need to take a decision.
You can do this by any decision making statement (If, If-else, Switch).