Auto Mobiles

Ferrari 308 Introduction

2009-10-28T08:05:00.000-07:00

The 308 GTB was Ferrari's first two-seat V8 road car. Made available to the public in 1975, it was the long awaited successor to the incomparable Dino 246 GT. The 308 series was a new beginning for the company as the premier builder of exotic sports cars for road use. As such, the 308 was designed to epitomize the sports car in its era. It did so admirably, and remains perhaps the most influential enthusiast car in history. The 308 is the car against which every subsequent sports car has been measured, upon which every Ferrari V8 sports and racing car has been based, and the car that brought Ferrari from the pinnacle of elite car-culture recognition into the minds of the general public. 25 years later, the shape and sound of the 308 is still "Ferrari" in the minds of many people.

The 308 came in two body styles, over three generations. The GTB, or berlinetta body, had a solid roof and slightly greater rigidity. The 308 GTB debuted in 1975. The GTS, or spider body, had a removable roof panel and first appeared in late 1977. The light roof panel was made of covered fiberglass. With windows down and roof off, the popular GTS was open from door to door. The three generations consist of the 308, 308i and 308qv. Apart from minor styling and accent changes, their engines differentiate the generations. The original 308 was carburetted and available from 1975 to 1980. The 1981-82 308i was fuel injected. The 308qv, for quattrovalvole, was fuel injected with four valves per cylinder, and was made from 1982 to 1985.

The 308 allowed its driver to experience a racecar thrill, and it also invited the passenger to relax in comfort and enjoy the ride. The 308 was by no means the first Ferrari to offer sumptuous surroundings with full leather upholstery and stylish appointments, but it offered far more for the casual driver.

Ferrari Superamerica Introduction

2009-10-28T07:59:00.000-07:00

The Pininfarina-designed Ferrari Superamerica combines Ferrari 12-cylinder Berlinetta performance with a highly original, innovative take on the convertible concept.

The Superamerica is the first production car to adopt an innovative rotating roof movement in combination with electrochromic technology developed exclusively for glass surfaces of these dimensions

The Superamerica is the first production car to adopt an innovative rotating roof which transforms it from a coupé to a convertible in just a few seconds.

Derived from the 575M Maranello, the Superamerica is available with either an F1-style or manual gearbox, and is fitted with the latest development of the classic V12 engine which produces 532 bhp.

Thanks to the electrically operated rotating roof, which incorporates electrochromic technology, the Superamerica is the world's fastest convertible berlinetta with a top speed of 199 mph.

The exclusive and unmistakably Pininfarina-designed Superamerica is produced in a limited series, just like the cars from the 1950s and '60s it's named after.

Rolls-Royce Motors

2009-10-28T07:56:00.000-07:00

Rolls-Royce Motors

2009-10-28T07:55:00.000-07:00

B M W cars

2009-10-28T07:49:00.000-07:00

Established on March 7, 1916, BMW (Bayerische Motoren Werke GmbH) has now became one of the major automobile manufacturers in the International market. The company is a world wide manufacturer of high performance premium automobiles and motorcycles. It is the present current company of both the MINI and Rolls-Royce car brands.

On the commencement of the year 2007, BMW is supposed to start manufacturing and selling cars in India. In addition to its sales subdiary in Delhi region, it will start operating an assembly plant for BMW 5 and 3 series in Chennai. Just after establishing its plants in the various cities of India, the company wish to capture the entire market of metropolitan cities.

The total world production of BMW Motors in the year 2006 was 1,366,838 vehicles produced in the five locations of different countries. BMW has been engaged in motor sports activities since the dawn of the first BMW motorcycle. They also manufacture Formula cars, Touring cars and Sports cars.

LEXUS Cars

2009-10-28T07:44:00.000-07:00

LEXUS SERVICES

2009-10-28T07:35:00.001-07:00

Owning a Lexus is not something everyone experiences. We find that those who do, feel almost as if they are members of a rather exclusive club. In short, they become as enthusiastic about the marque as ourselves.

Such enthusiasm leads many Lexus owners to appreciate being kept in touch with news of innovations, new models and special events. So from time to time we will be writing to you to keep you up-to-date on what's new.

We pay very close attention to comments and feedback from you about any aspect of your car or our service. Such insights, critical or otherwise, are very important to us. Should you ever wish to contact us with your observations, please call the Lexus Contact Centre on 0845 129 5484.

Mercedez Benz cars

2009-10-28T07:26:00.000-07:00

Mercedez Benz

2009-10-28T07:21:00.000-07:00

Natural Gas Autos

2009-10-26T06:44:00.000-07:00

Honda is dedicated to finding ways to improve on gasoline, which is still a necessary part of today's world. With a history of firsts in technological advances to the internal combustion engine, Honda attacks fuel economy on two fronts simultaneously: reducing fuel consumption while minimizing exhaust emissions. All this while maintaining real-world drivability and long-term reliability. These efforts are crucial to preserving our precious environmental resources and reducing our oil dependency.

The gasoline-powered Honda Civic is an Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicle. In 2000, an Accord became the first gasoline-powered car sold in California to meet the Super-Ultra-Low Emission Vehicle standard. Two years later, Honda introduced a new generation of gasoline engines around the world, with extremely low emission levels and increased fuel efficiency that also helped improve driving performance.

The key to meeting the Clean Air Act all those years ago was that we made the commitment to work on this challenge by creating a new engine—not simply an add-on technology. Today, reducing emissions requires a number of strategies. We feel it is significant that Honda's basic strategy has continued to focus on a clean "engine-out" design.

Honda is proud of three decades of pioneering work on the technologies that make cars cleaner.

Natural Alternative: The Civic GX

The Civic GX is the cleanest internal-combustion vehicle certified by the EPA. It meets Tier-2 Bin-2 and ILEV requirements—a claim no other vehicle with an engine can currently make.

The Civic GX runs entirely on natural gas, and it was developed with the real world in mind. Unlike other flex- or dual-fuel vehicles, which operate primarily on gasoline, the Honda Civic GX is run on compressed natural gas and operates virtually pollution-free. In fact, during testing, we found that hydrocarbon emissions were so low we had to develop new techniques to measure them.

The GX hits all three of Honda's environmental targets: low emissions, high fuel economy and use of an economical, North American-based alternative fuel. But we are not just out to make an environmental statement. The strongest message about the Civic GX is that we didn't design it only to satisfy fleet or government customers, but to satisfy Civic customers as well.

Environmental Vehicles

2009-10-26T06:42:00.000-07:00

When it comes to talking about the environment, we let our products speak for themselves. In 1974, Honda introduced the ingeniously simple Civic CVCC engine. World-changing for its fuel efficiency and low emissions, the CVCC demonstrated our spirited commitment to environmentally responsible technology. Many other firsts were to follow, such as the first hybrid vehicle sold in North America and the first government-certified fuel-cell car. This legacy of innovation and acting on our beliefs is seen in every Honda product, from the Civic GX Natural Gas Vehicle, the FCX Clarity Fuel Cell vehicle, and the Civic Hybrid.

Environmental Technology Overview

2009-10-26T06:39:00.000-07:00

Honda has always targeted mass-market models in order to have the greatest impact on clean air and fuel economy. To this end, we work to improve existing technologies while using The Power of Dreams philosophy to envision and develop the vehicles of the future.

We believe it is important to invest in the continued advancement of internal combustion engine technology. Honda has introduced a new generation of gasoline engines around the world that have extremely low emission levels and increased fuel efficiency while maintaining the ability to improve driving performance.

Further in pursuit of our goal to improve energy efficiency, we have developed gas-electric hybrid vehicles that achieve ultra-high fuel economy. This includes the Insight, the first mass-market car with hybrid power.

Developing vehicles that use sustainable energy sources is perhaps the ultimate direction. Hydrogen-powered fuel cell vehicles have great potential for the future. Honda developed the first fuel-cell vehicle in the world to be certified by both the EPA and the state of California. And in 2008 we put the revolutionary FCX Clarity fuel cell vehicle out on the road with select Southern California drivers.

How We See Things.

2009-10-26T06:31:00.000-07:00

We see the world not as it is, but as it could be.

We see the world through the eyes of dreamers. Because we are a company founded by a dreamer. And we are a company built on dreams.

We see the pursuit of impossible dreams as an empowering force, capable of producing revolutionary ideas. Dreams inspire us to create innovative products that enhance human mobility and benefit society. Honda encourages all of its associates to pursue their dreams. And it's our mission to share these dreams with others and to make them a reality.

We see "The Power of Dreams" as a way of thinking that guides us and pushes us forward. The strength of our company comes from this philosophy — which is based on the visionary principles of our founder, Soichiro Honda.

We see things from a global perspective, always striving to create and produce products of the highest quality at a reasonable price for worldwide customer satisfaction. The power of Honda's dreams will continue to lead to new insights and technologies in automobiles, motorcycles, power products, parts and other fields of mobility.

We see it as our responsibility to serve humanity through our global commitments to helping protect the environment and enhancing safety in a mobile society. In every endeavor we pursue, we strive to be a company that people all over the world want to exist.

We see a bright future fueled by the Power of Dreams. Can you see it, too?

History of cars

2009-10-26T06:21:00.000-07:00

This year, on the eve of Suzuki’s centennial in 2009, American Suzuki Motor Corporation proudly releases one of the best-equipped and versatile compact sedans on the market—the SX4 Sport. The SX4 Sport Sedan is a vehicle that was built to appeal to American sensibilities, but Suzuki engineers and designers produced the SX4 like they do every vehicle, in the tradition of the company's founder: Michio Suzuki.

Born in 1887, Michio Suzuki grew up in Hamamatsu, a small, central seacoast village about 120 miles from Tokyo. The place, and the boy, was steeped in the tradition of the region's famed textiles, looms and woodworking. Suzuki became a carpenter and in 1909, at age 22, founded Suzuki Loom Works to build his break-through pedal-driven wooden loom.

His sights set on the nation's renowned silk industry, Suzuki created more and more sophisticated, complex, yet user-friendly looms. His business boomed.

In 1920, and in his prime, Suzuki grew his small family business into a firm for the new century, creating the Suzuki Loom Manufacturing Company. Its goal: produce textile looms that would far surpass the innovation and quality of his competitors. Within two years the young firm became one of the largest loom manufacturers in Japan and Suzuki began exporting his popular machines to Southeast Asia and India. Suzuki's response was so dynamic that the loom company expansion of 1920 is considered the foundation of today's Suzuki Motor Corporation.

Suzuki's looms were built to last. That meant demand could not keep pace with his company's potential for growth. Suzuki knew he needed to try something fresh. In response, he did what has since become a company hallmark: he took a hard look at what the people—his neighbors and his customers—most needed. What he found was a lack of inexpensive, reliable transportation.

Back at the drawing board, Suzuki designed a prototype vehicle. But before manufacture could begin, the world war overwhelmed domestic concerns.

Post-war chaos nearly wrecked the Suzuki Loom Manufacturing Company. But the need in Japan for reliable, affordable personal transportation had become greater than ever. And now it was Suzuki's son's turn to look at the business horizon.

What Shunzo Suzuki did was design a unique motor that could be attached to a bicycle.

His square-shaped motor powered the cycle through the regular pedaling chain. But the design also allowed the rider to free-wheel while the engine was running, pedal-assist the motor or disconnect the motor completely.

This ingenious operating system was a hit at the nation's patent office; the new democratic government gave Shunzo Suzuki a subsidy to continue his research into motorcycle engineering.

The "Power Free" motorized bicycle built entirely by the Suzuki company—down to the carburetor and flywheel magneto—took the road in 1952. It was inexpensive and simple to maintain. The very next year, Suzuki took the first of countless racing victories when the 60cc "Diamond Free" won its class in the Mount Fuji Hill Climb.

The company soon officially changed its name to the Suzuki Motor Co., Ltd. In 1955, Suzuki followed its success in motorcycles by marketing the Colleda, and creating its first mass-production automobile, the "Suzulight." It was Japan's first lightweight car.

Again showcasing the family's—and the company's—penchant for innovation and affordability of its products, the car opened the way for the motorization of Japan and helped usher in the Japanese era of light-weight cars. The Suzulight included front-wheel drive, four-wheel independent suspension and rack-and-pinion steering—features that would not become common until a half-century later.

Jitsujiro Suzuki, the company's third president, said the trust of the shop owners who sold his firm's vehicles and of the people who bought them were the inspiration for his firm's commitment to build "value-packed products" that met customer's needs at a reasonable price.

In 1963, the firm brought its innovative, inexpensive, lightweight motorcycle lineup to the United States. Today, Suzuki is one of the world's "Big Four" motorcycle makers delivering a range of advanced street, off-road and championship-winning machines.

Many years later in 1983 the company was the “first on four wheels®” when it introduced the first four-wheeled ATV, the QuadRunner LT125.

Two years later, Suzuki brought its automobile line to the United States for the first time. No other Japanese company sold more cars in the United States in its first year than Suzuki.

Hundreds of thousands of Americans looking for tough, sporty yet practical transportation snapped up Suzuki's revolutionary SUVs. Some of those original 4X4s, scraped, scratched and dusty, can still be found rolling on rugged off-road trails across the country.

By the 1980s, with Osamu Suzuki in the president's chair, the company pushed forward its strong commitment to social responsibility. Besides promoting efforts to reduce pollution, Suzuki urged his industry to take part in the economic development of the countries in which their products were built and sold. He believed his company has a duty "to enrich the lives of their people."

In 2000, Automotive News named Suzuki the fastest-growing Japanese auto company in America. The company quickly followed up by introducing America's first affordable seven-passenger SUV, the Suzuki XL-7.

Within five years Suzuki launched its line of Verona and Forenza sedans, the versatile Reno and fully-loaded Forenza Wagons.

With the imaginative 2006 Grand Vitara Suzuki proved that it is possible to mix sophistication and ruggedness in an SUV without a premium price tag.

Today the Suzuki Motor Corporation holds a place as a multinational corporation specializing in the manufacture of automobiles, a full range of motorcycles, and the All-Terrain Vehicles it pioneered, outboard marine engines, wheelchairs and a variety of other small internal combustion engines.

More than 45,000 Suzuki people worldwide now create and distribute their work in over 120 countries. Worldwide Suzuki Automotive sales now reach over 2 million each year, surpassing the sales of many other renowned companies such as BMW, Mercedes and Saab. Additionally more than 2.5 million motorcycles and ATVs are sold each year. Sales of the Suzuki's outboard motors also continue to grow.

In 2007, the company combined its traditional Suzuki reliability, safety and value with the added luxury and performance Americans require creating the new XL7, the first Suzuki designed exclusively for the North American market. It delivers as standard a 252-horsepower V-6 engine along with available 7-passenger seating and all-wheel drive. Available luxury items like a rear seat DVD entertainment system or an available touch-screen navigation system allows consumers to have a Suzuki that fits their own "Way of Life!"

Now, with the unveiling of the all-new 2008 SX4 Sport, Mark Harano, now president of the spirited American Suzuki Motor Corporation's automotive operations, continues to match the standard set nearly a century ago by the brilliant, forward-thinking son of a cotton farmer, Michio Suzuki.

Solar cars power up for outback race

2009-10-26T06:02:00.000-07:00

With a fleet of vehicles resembling huge insects, spaceships and solar panels, motoring enthusiasts and manufacturers from around the world have gathered in northern Australia for a car race with a difference.

Known as the Global Green Challenge, solar-powered and fuel-efficient cars set off on Saturday to race 3000 km through Australia's tropical rainforests, desert and coastal plains, all in the name of the environment.

A fleet of about 38 solar powered cars from 17 countries, designed mainly by engineering students, will take about a week to race from Darwin to Adelaide in an event that has been staged every two years since 1987.

For the first time there is also a second category, the Eco Challenge, in which 17 cars from 10 manufacturers will compete in eco-friendly vehicles now on sale, or soon to be on sale, to prove which is the most fuel-efficient.

"We believe the solar cars have pioneered a whole range of technological advancements but they are not practical road cars," event spokesman Mike Drewer told Reuters.

"But now, with the world looking for practical solutions, there are alternative vehicles being made by major manufacturers that are more fuel-efficient and have less emissions than the so-called norm. This event really is to promote the fact that a lot of this new technology is starting to become available."

The Eco Challenge consists of 17 entries, including the first production fully-electric sports car the Tesla, and vehicles made by Ford, Kia, Honda, Hyundai, BMW, Skoda, Suzuki and Holden. Cars can only travel in prescribed time periods.

But Drewer expected most attention to remain on the World Solar Challenge with its fleet of unique and quirky vehicles that highlight research and development progress.

"The solar race event is unique in that it crosses an entire continent and has become the pinnacle for solar cars," he said.

For example, the University of New South Wales' solar car, Sunswift IV, is a three-wheeled, carbon fibre machine which can reach a top speed of 115 km an hour using just 1300 watts - the same power it takes to toast two slices of bread.

A Dutch team from Delft University was expected to start out as the race's favorite after taking home the prestigious Silver Sun trophy for the last four races.

But their car, Nuna 5, rolled during testing in Darwin when it burst a rear tyre and for the past three weeks the team has been working round the clock to rebuild the vehicle.

Drewer said strong performances could be expected from the University of Michigan in Infinium, Britain's Cambridge University entry Endeavour and some Japanese contenders.

There are also expected to be entries from Belgium, Turkey, Germany, France, Malaysia, Switzerland, India, Canada, Iran, Taiwan, Greece and Singapore.

Event director Chris Selwood said it was hard to pick the winner in advance.

"We won't really see the technology and ingenuity until the cars are scrutinised in Darwin and a lot of things can happen on the journey south," he said in a statement.

The record for the World Solar Cars Challenge was set in 2005 by Nuon Nuna III, from the Netherlands, with an average speed of 102.75 km per hour.

Toyota developing solar-powered car

2009-10-26T06:00:00.000-07:00

It has been reported by a top business publication on Thursday that Toyota Motor Corporation is clandestinely concentrating in the development of a vehicle that will be propelled exclusively by solar power in its attempt to reverse its struggling industry with an eco car of the future.

The publication of Nikkei, however, commented that it will take years before the intended vehicle will be offered for sale. The offices of Toyota were closed Thursday and officials were not right away available for interview. The Nikkei reported that Toyota is laboring on an electric car that will receive part of its energy from solar cells outfitted on it and can be recharged with the power produced from solar panels utilized in of solar-powered homes. The car manufacturer, however, later hopes to develop a version wholly powered by solar cells installed on the vehicle, the publication said without citing the sources of information. The solar car is part of the Japanese top car maker’s attempt boost revenues during times of crisis, The Nikkei reported.

Last month, Toyota shocked the nation by making a public announcement that it will fall into its first operating loss in 70 years, as it feels the effect of the worldwide financial downturn, more so in the significant market in the U.S. The swelling yen has also contributed in harming the income of Japanese car producers. However, Toyota is ahead in green technology and officials of the company have emphasized that they will not reduce resources on environmental research in spite its financial dilemma. The Lexus and Camry makers, Toyota, has already started utilizing solar panels to generate its own electricity at its Tsutsumi plant in located in central Japan. The solar roof panels are comparable to the size of 60 tennis courts and generate sufficient power to supply 500 homes, said Toyota. This cuts back carbon dioxide emissions by 740 tons per year and is comparable also to utilizing 1,500 barrels of crude oil. Toyota is probably going to gain proficiency indirectly in solar energy when its associate in developing and making hybrid batteries, Panasonic Corporation takes over Japanese competitor Sanyo Electric Co., prominent in solar energy, early in the following year.

2009 NAIAS: Toyota FT-EV Concept

2009-10-26T05:52:00.000-07:00

Toyota announced today the unveiling of its new FT-EV Concept at the 2009 North American International Auto show, confirming in this way it future plan to launch an urban commuter battery-electric vehicle (BEV) by 2012.

As you can see the new Toyota FT-EV Concept is based on the iQ city car platform which is already a big hit in

Japan

, due to the fact that it delivers exceptional mileage, sporty performance and a fun, youthful image. The new concept continues the battle for a green environment with its two brothers: the 2010 Toyota Prius and the Lexus HS250h. Until the production version of this concept will be launched, the Japanese manufacturer also made public its intensions to build 500 Prius PHVs powered by lithium-ion batteries (150 will be placed with

U.S.

lease-fleet customers).

Toyota largest car manufacturer

2009-10-26T05:46:00.000-07:00

Once more, Toyota has overtaken GM to become the world’s current largest car maker. Although Toyota and GM have been trading the primary spot for some time, what did GM in was its 11 percent sales drop in 2008 as compared to Toyota’s meager 4 percent.

These figures represent for GM a total sale of 8.36 million units to Toyota’s 8.97 million, a gap totaling 616,000 units. Domestic markets for both companies also showed a similar scenario with GM suffering a 22.7 percent drop to Toyota’s 15 percent. Toyota suffered its first decline in sales in ten years after a record sale of 9.37 million units in 2007.

Automobile Industry

2009-10-23T22:33:00.000-07:00

Automobile industry is one of the fastest growing industries of the world. With more than 2 million new automobiles rolling out each year, on roads of India, the industry is set to grow further. Automobile industry made its silent entry in India in the nineteenth century. Since the launch of the first car in 1897, India automobile industry has come a long way. Today India is the largest three wheeler market in the world and is expected to take over China as the second largest automobile market, in the coming years. Indian automobile industry; manufacturing cars, buses, three wheelers, two wheelers, commercial vehicles, heavy vehicles, provides employment to a large number of workforce. The abolition of license raj in 1991opened the doors for international automobile manufacturers. A number of leading global automotive companies entered into joint ventures with domestic manufacturers of India and thus started the large-scale production of automobiles in India. Some of the well-known players of Indian automobile industry include: Hindustan Motors, Maruti Udyog, Fiat India Private Ltd, Ford India Ltd., General Motors India Pvt Ltd, Toyota Kirloskar Motor Ltd among others. The production of automobiles in India is mainly for the domestic customers. Cars with 79% of automobiles in India, dominate the automobile industry in India. Some facts on Automobile industry in India:
India has the fourth largest car market in the world
India has the largest three wheeler market in India
India is the second largest producer of two wheelers in the world
India ranks fifth in the production of commercial vehicles.
Hyundai Motors ranks second in car production in the world. A Carriage That Moves On Its Own The dream a carriage that moved on its own was realized only in the 18th century when the first car rolled on the streets. Steam, petroleum gas, electricity or petrol (sold at the chemist's in the beginning) started being used for driving these funny car s that looked more or less like horseless carriages.
The Benz Vehicle (1886, Germany) It is accorded the distinction of being the first gasoline-powered vehicle. This three-wheeler was the first car equipped with a differential gear and had a horizontal, four-cycle single-cylinder engine. The engine was mounted horizontally behind the seat, over the rear axle, in a frame-developed form prevailing tricycles. Its 0.9 horsepower was transmitted to the rear wheels via belt and chain, enabling a top speed of about 15 km/h. A lever connected to a rack-and-pinion controlled the lone front wheel, which steered the car.
Baker Electric (1899) For a long period after gasoline-powered cars gained popularity, battery-powered cars continued to be made in the United States. The Baker was produced from 1899 to 1915. The unusual suspension of this car consisted of attaching the wheel shafts directly to the frame, on top of which was mounted a body on springs. The body carried the motor, which drove the rear wheels by a chain. A lever next to the driving seat controlled its speed. The Baker Electric was reputedly easy to drive, and could cruise a distance of 80 km when fully charged, reaching a top speed of 40 km/h.
The steam car, Stanley Steamer continued production until 1927. It was quiet, had little vibration, produced sufficient torque, and was easy to handle. Under the bonnet of this car was a boiler, which provided the pressure to drive a two-cylinder engine located beneath the floor. Because of its abundant torque,
Stanley Streamer the Stanley Steamer did not have a transmission-just one gear engaged the center of its crankshaft, and directly turned the rear wheels. Manipulating the Steamer's valves, which controlled the flow of fuel, water, and steam, must have required quite a bit of practice and knowledge. Although it could achieve a higher top speed than its gasoline-driven rivals, it was hard to start, especially in the cold weather.
Panhard et Levassor (1891 France) Two French toolmakers Rene Panhard and Emile Levassor were the first to propose and commercialize a car having a layout and structure similar to today's cars. The Panhard et Levassor was the origin of the classic front engine, rear-wheel drive layout, the paradigm that transformed the horseless carriage into the car as we know it today. It positioned its transmission in line with the engine and clutch, and had a steering wheel instead of a tiller, and an in-line four-cylinder engine. The front engine gave the car a better balance and made it easier to steer.
Mercedes (1901) The new Daimler model combined into one machine for the first time all the vital features of the modern car : a powerful four-cylinder engine, a pressed steel chassis, a honeycomb radiator, and a recognizably modern gear stick moving in a gate. The model was named Mercedes, after the daughter of an Austrian, Emily Jellinek, the Daimler representative in France.
Tin Lizzie or T Model (1907) Henry Ford's model T, popularly called the Tin Lizzy, was the first everyman's car .It not only brought motoring to the masses but also was the first mass-produced car . As result, automobile ownership surged and car s became affordable for the ordinary wage earner as well. The Model T introduced various features to facilitate driving, and the transmission was integrated with the engine. Its planetary gears-two forward and one back-could be shifted without the use of a clutch.
In 1906, gasoline-powered car s were produced that had a style of their own. In these new models, a hood covered the front-mounted engine. Two kerosene or acetylene lamps mounted to the front served as headlights. Car s had fenders that covered the wheels and step-up platforms called running boards, which helped passengers get in and out of the car . The passenger compartment was behind the engine. Although drivers of horse-drawn vehicles usually sat on the right, automotive steering wheels were on the left in the United States
Improvements in engine-powered car s during the 1920s contributed to their popularity: synchronized-mesh transmissions for easier gear shifting; four-wheel hydraulic brake systems; improved carburetors; shatterproof glass; balloon tires; heaters; and mechanically operated windshield wipers.
The Morris and the Austin Seven (1922) The bull-nosed Morris launched the family car in Britain. In the 1920s, this popular line could be bought for as little as $775, at $115 down and about $9 per week.
Also in 1922, the Austin Seven became the family runabouts. It had all the big car characteristics contained in a small design. The top speed was 45-50 mph, and averaged 40 miles on a gallon of gasoline. It was a front-engine, rear-drive model using 750cc four-cylinder side valve, 10.5-horsepower engine, and floor shift three-speed transmission. The handbrake stopped the front wheels while a more conventional foot pedal stopped the back ones.
The Volkswagen (1938) The Volkswagen (German for the "people's car ") went on to rack up worldwide sales of more than 40 million. A horizontally opposed four-cylinder engine was designed for the power plant, with a total displacement of 996cc. When mounted in the rear and driving the rear wheels, this engine, with its low height, permitted the Volkswagen to have a streamlined, fastback shape. It was air cooled too and came to be loved all over the world as the beetle.
Aerodynamic Models From 1930 to 1937, car engines and bodies became large and luxurious. Many 12- and 16-cylinder car s were built. Independent front suspension, which made the big car s more comfortable, appeared in 1933. Also introduced during the 1930s were stronger, more reliable braking systems, and higher compression engines, which developed more horsepower. Mercedes introduced the world's first diesel car in 1936. Cars on both sides of the Atlantic were styled with gracious proportions, long hoods, and pontoon-shaped fenders. Creative artistry merged with industrial design to produce appealing, aerodynamic car s.
Some of the first car s to fully incorporate the fender into the bodywork came along just after World War II, but the majority of designs still had separate fenders with pontoon shapes holding headlight assemblies. During the 1940s, sealed-beam headlights, tubeless tires, and the automatic transmission were introduced.
SMALL CAR S VERSUS BIG CARS Two schools of styling emerged in the 1950s, one on each side of the Atlantic. The Europeans continued to produce small, light car s weighing less than 1300 kg (2800 lb). European sports car s of that era featured hand-fashioned aluminum bodies over a steel chassis and framework.
In America, automobile designers borrowed features for their car s that were normally found on aircraft and ships, including tailfins and portholes. Cars were produced that had more space, more power, and smoother riding capability. Introduction of power steering and power brakes made bigger car s easier to handle. The Buick Motor Car Company, Olds Motor Vehicle Company (Oldsmobile), Cadillac Automobile Company, and Ford all built enormous car s, some weighing as much as 2495 kg (5500 lb).
Austin Mini (1959) The Austin Mini was introduced in Britain. It became hugely popular. It was small enough to squeeze through city traffic, easy to park, cheap to run, yet big enough for four adults. Its success paved the way for a succession of small car s.
The Japanese Cars In the 1950s and more years since the Japanese began producing cars domestically, Japanese automotive technology has made remarkable progress and come to be one of the international leaders. In 1980, Japan became the top automobile-producing country in the world.
Sports Cars The various car races encouraged the automakers to view car racing as a sport resulting in the rapid development of automotive technology. As technological knowledge began to accumulate from car racing, various sports models appeared, allowing motorists to experience real driving pleasure.
COMPUTERIZED CARS Today, stepping into the twenty-first century, utilizing new materials, high-tech electronics, new power sources, and artificial intelligence, the type of car that automakers are capable of producing cannot even be imagined.
Austin Rover Maestro (1983) The Austin Rover in Britain introduced the Maestro, with a talking dashboard designed to alert the driver to engine problems, the latest in the line of electronic systems added to car s since the 1960s.
Ford Probe IV The Ford Probe IV prototype, perhaps the world's most aerodynamic four seater, is testing many revolutionary features that may well become the standard in tomorrow's car s. Among them is the use of computer-controlled pneumatic suspension.

History Of Automobiles

2009-10-23T22:31:00.001-07:00

Horses had dreams of them since time immemorial, but it was only in the 18th century that the first horseless carriage actually hit the roads. That's not to say that the idea never struck anyone. Seeds of the idea, in fact, originated long before the first contraption was rolled.
The History of the automobile actually began about 4,000 years ago when the first wheel was used for transportation in India. Several Italians recorded designs for wind-driven cars. The first was Guido da Vigevano in 1335. It was a windmill-type drive to gears and thus to wheels. Vaturio designed a similar car that was also never built. Later Leonardo da Vinci designed clockwork-driven tricycle with tiller steering and a differential mechanism between the rear wheels.
In the early 15th century, the Portuguese arrived in China and the interaction of the two cultures led to a variety of new technologies, including the creation of a wheel that turned under its own power. By the 1600s, small steam-powered engine models were developed, but it was another century before a full-sized engine-powered automobile was created.
A Catholic priest named Father Ferdinan Verbiest is credited to have built a steam-powered car for the Chinese Emperor Chien Lung in about 1678. There is no information about the automobile , only the event. Since James Watt didn't invent the steam engine until 1705, we can guess that this was possibly a model automobile powered by a mechanism like Hero's steam engine-a spinning wheel with jets on the periphery.
Although by the mid-15th century the idea of a self-propelled automobile had been put into practice with the development of experimental car is powered by means of springs, clockworks, and the wind, Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot of France is considered to have built the first true automobile in 1769. Designed by Cugnot and constructed by M. Brezin, it is also the first automobile to move under its own power for which there is a record. Cugnot's three-wheeled steam-powered automobile carried four persons and was meant to move artillery pieces. It had a top speed of a little more than 3.2 km/h (2 mph) and had to stop every 20 minutes to build up a fresh head of steam.
Evans was the first American who obtained a patent for "a self-propelled carriage." He, in fact, attempted to create a two-in-one combination of a steam wagon and a flat-bottomed boat, which didn't receive any attention in those days. During the 1830's, the steam car had made great advances. But stiff competition from railway companies and crude legislations in Britain forced the poor steam automobile gradually out of use on roads. The early steam-powered automobile s were so heavy that they were only practical on a perfectly flat surface as strong as iron. A road thus made out of iron rails became the norm for the next hundred and twenty-five years. The automobile s got bigger and heavier and more powerful and as such they were eventually capable of pulling a train of many car s filled with freight and passengers.
Carl Benz and Gotttlieb Daimler, both Germans, share the credit of changing the transport habits of the world, for their efforts laid the foundation of the great motor industry as we know it today. First, Carl Benz invented the petrol engine in 1885 and a year later Daimler made a car driven by motor of his own design and the rest is History.
Daimler's engine proved to be a great success mainly because of its less weight that could deliver 1000 rpm and needed only very small and light vehicles to carry them.
France too had joined the motoring scenario by 1890 when two Frenchmen Panhard and Levassor began producing automobile s powered by Daimler engine, and Daimler himself, possessed by the automobile spirit, went on adding new features to his engine. He built the first V-Twin engine with a glowing platinum tube to explode the cylinder gas-the very earliest form of sparking plug. The engines were positioned under the seat in most of the Daimler as well as Benz car s. However, the French duo of Panhard and Levassor made a revolutionary contribution when they mounted the engine in the front of the car under a 'bonnet'.
Charles Duryea built a car carriage in America with petrol engine in 1892, followed by Elwood Haynes in 1894, thus paving the way for motor car s in that country.
For many years after the introduction of automobile s, three kinds of power sources were in common use: steam engines, gasoline or petrol engines, and electrical motors. In 1900, over 2,300 automobile s were registered in New York, Boston, Massachusetts, and Chicago. Of these, 1,170 were steam car s, 800 were electric car s, and only 400 were gasoline car s.
In ten years from the invention of the petrol engine, the motor car had evolved itself into amazing designs and shapes. By 1898, there were 50 automobile -manufacturing companies in the United States, a number that rose to 241 by 1908. In that year, Henry Ford revolutionized the manufacture of automobile s with his assembly-line style of production and brought out the Model T, a car that was inexpensive, versatile, and easy to maintain. The introduction of the Model T transformed the automobile from a plaything of the rich to an item that even people of modest income could afford; by the late 1920s the car was commonplace in modern industrial nations.
Herbert Austin and William Morris, two different car makers, introduced mass production methods of assembly in the UK, thus paving the way for a revolution in the automobile industry. Austin Seven was the world's first practical four-seater 'baby car ' which brought the pleasures of motoring to many thousands of people who could not buy a larger, more expensive car . Even the 'bull-nose' Morris with front mounted engine became the well-loved model and one of the most popular car s in the 1920s.
Automobile manufacturers in the 1930s and 1940s refined and improved on the principles of Ford and other pioneers. car s were generally large, and many were still extremely expensive and luxurious; many of the most collectible car s date from this time. The increased affluence of the United States after World War II led to the development of large, petrol-consuming car s, while most companies in Europe made smaller, more fuel-efficient car s. Since the mid-1970s, the rising cost of fuel has increased the demand for these smaller car s, many of which have been produced in Japan as well as in Europe and the United States. The history of motor car s has surely been a well-traversed one. The automobile , as it progressed, was a product of many hands, of revolutionary concepts, and of simple, almost unnoticed upgrading. In the end, the one who received the most for these challenges and changes was the motorist, whose interest, money, and enthusiasm have forced the auto-moguls to upgrade, perfect, and add to previous achievements in order to stay in the competition.

List of Auto Industry In Pakistan

2009-10-23T22:28:00.001-07:00

Brothers Engineering Works
BEW has already made a distinctive mark on the "Automotive OEM Parts Industry" in Pakistan through its pursuit of quality and excellence. We now are ready to put this experience to work for soliciting and servicing International Clients other then the Automobile Industry. To convert "Design & Develo... Contact Info Office C-I-39, Sector 12/C North Karachi Industrial Area, Karachi 75850, Pakistan Phone: 9221-6934954, 6906618, 6995664, 6995672 Fax: 9221-6902908, 698654
Tek Links
At Tek Linx, we design, develop, implement, and support technologically sound embedded solutions. We specialize in GPS tracking systems for commercial fleet management in a broad range of industries Contact Info 16-J, Johar Town, Lahore, Lahore 54800, Pakistan Phone: +92-42-5740081 Fax: +92-42-5740081
S.M Traders
we are supplier of cutting and granding disk brand TOKA & I-PRIX frm indonesian we also deals in auto parts items Contact Info behind bohrapir mazar boharapir karachi, Karachi 74200, Pakistan Phone: 9221-2772954 Fax: 9221-2732954
Tariq Auto Corporation
Established in 1980,we import,export and locally sell ball bearing for different type of automotive useage like passenger cars.Local dealers my ask for the quotation via e-mails/fax/phone. Thanks. Contact Info 79,Badami Bagh, Lahore 54000, Pakistan Phone: 0092427700261 Fax: 0092425888879
Universal Trading Company
We export used Construction, Heavy & Earth Moving Machinery such as Cranes, Excavators, Forklifter, Backhoe Loader, Wheel Loader, Bul ldozer Concrete Pump, Crusher, Asphalt Pavers/plant, Generators, Car, Buses, Truck from JAPAN to all over the World. We have our offices in ROMANIA and PAKISTAN. <... Contact Info B-7, Sector 5M, North Karachi, Karachi, Karachi 75290, Pakistan Phone: 9221-6953239 Fax: 9221-4989854 Al-Falah Enterprises We are importer and whole seller of all kind of auto air condinioner, parts and accesories. Contact Info Herianwala Chowk, Peoples Colony, Faisalabad, Pakistan Phone: +92-41-854656 Deen International
We Export Textiles,Sports Goods and Auto's. Contact Info 82,Rachna town,satyana road, Faisalabad 38090, Pakistan Phone: 0092 41 8729054 Fax: 001 240 5970362