Façade White papers by Leads Facade

Facade

2015-10-14T11:14:00.001+05:30

Façade: - Face of a Building Envelope system, also called curtain wall (a curtain on wall)
Functional Façade
Now what is function of a Façade and what is a functional façade??
Aesthetics spring to mind as a veil façade is used torejuvenate a structure that has outlived its visual appeal. Or to enhance the aesthetics of new construction.
But effective use of and protection against– the elements is a key motivation for out fitting a building with a metal, fabric,etc
Whenever we visit a south facing façade the first complain we hear is HEAT which enters through the glass in spite of an air-conditioning system. Why?
Simple reason, you purchased the property just for the looks and there is no functionality.
The world is after better systems and we at India are after the residue or cheaper options. Certainly some Architects/Builders love a good system but not more than 5-7% of total builders
India is a fast growing economy and the buildings alone consume around 30-40% of total energy generated and this energy is generated by burning fossil cells which are fast evaporating.
The worst thing other than consuming the fossil fuels is pollution caused while generating energy.
So, the best alternative to generate a clean energy is via SUN aka solar energy, for this we propose a functional façade which not only arrests the UV rays and allows light but also provide an edge.
We integrate Spectral Selected glass and install it using a Thermal break sections which arrests the shortcut taken by heat and there by give a complete solution.

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Rear Ventilated Facade

2011-01-27T18:38:00.000+05:30

DEFINITION AND PRINCIPLES

What is back-ventilated rain screen facade?

Back-ventilated facade is a complex, multi-layer structural solution that enables “dry” installation of the

covering elements, considering all the essential construction, hygrometric, static, safety and aesthetic

aspects of a building technology.

Ventilated type facade and wall coverings were developed to protect buildings against the combined

action of rain and wind by counterbalancing the effects of water beating on walls and keeping the building

dry, with high level aesthetic characteristics and undisputed advantages of heat insulation and

soundproofing.

It consists of external façade cladding, a sub-structure generally made of aluminium profiles, anchored to

the wall surface of the building, insulating material and an air gap between cladding and insulating

material.

External cladding materials

The main functions of external facade cladding are aesthetic and protective.

The protective features of covering materials should meet the following requirements:

increased mechanical strength

increased resistance to thermal Shocks

reduced water absorption

non-flammability

resistance of colours to sunlight

resistance to chemicals and air pollution

lightweight and ductility

limited maintenance requirements.

Aesthetic features of cladding (wide range of materials, colours and formats) adds to the aesthetic

value of the building. External building covering creates the “face”, the image of the building and

corporate identity of the companies.

The choice of materials has been increased dramatically in the last few years and is still increasing

further. The most used materials are:

Air gap

Aluminium composite panel

Aluminium cover sheets

Ceramic granite

Natural Stone

Various flat panels

The main point of a ventilated facade is an air-gap in which the "chimney effect" is produced, i.e. air

circulation in the space between the exterior facing and insulating material surface.

The essential feature of back-ventilated system is to allow the ingress of air at the base of the system and

the egress of air at the top of the system. This phenomenon is caused by the difference of temperatures

of the outdoor air and the air inside the ventilation gap. The temperature difference makes a draft and the

air inside the ventilation gap rises. This ventilated cavity allows any water which penetrates the panel

joints to be partly removed by the „funnel- effect‟ and partly removed by running down the rear face of the

panels and out of the base. As a result the atmospheric moisture is desiccated from the bearing wall. The

higher the air gap temperature the stronger is the air draft.

Benefits of the air gap

The insulating material is always in excellent condition, thanks to the movement of air inside

the gap created between the outer cladding and the insulating layer

Removal of the moisture present in the masonry

Less heat transmission towards the interior of the building in the warmer season. The summer

heat is prevented from penetrating inside through the outer wall. It should be kept in mind that in

the hot season, the outer cladding of a south-facing wall may even reach a temperature of about

80°C. In the winter the outer cladding is protected from the wind and the air gap serves as an

additional warmth-keeper.

Insulating material

Insulating layer, usually consisting of self-supporting water-repellent glass wool panels, takes care of

adequate thermal stability of the building. Combined application of insulating material with beneficial

functions of air gap increases the protective function of the back-ventilated facades. Technological design

of back-ventilated facades allows application of insulating layer of different thickness according to the

energy saving requirements of the building. This simplify the project planning process.

Aluminium sub-structure

The aluminium sub-structure provides support of the outer cladding and ensures stability of the whole

system. The technological design of the sub-structure should provide the function of transferring

horizontal thrust, so as to enable vertical movements due to heat expansion:

The cladding sections should be separated between each other by means of expansion joints.

Each vertical section is anchored stably to the upper bracket, known as the load-bearing bracket,

while slots allow it to slide on the support brackets.

The structure enables any verticality movements in the buildings of the wall to be offset by

means of slots and overlapping of the sections with the anchoring brackets

The lower weight of the main cladding materials means that aluminium structures can be used

rather than steel, with benefits in terms of own weight and corrosion-resistance

ADVANTAGES OF BACK-VENTILATED RAINSCREEN FACADES

The core functional idea of ventilated facades is to work with nature than try to resist its influences.

The careful design of ventilated cavities uses the pressure effects of the wind to dissipate energy of

driven rainwater and prevent it entering the building.

Nevertheless in spite of the natural benefits of ventilated facades principle the traditional solution to

keeping rainwater out of buildings and provide walls that are fully sealed against the weather by the use

of barriers, joints and sealants has been still broadly used.

The common result of traditional cladding solutions is destruction of cladding walls due to

thermal expansions of cladding materials

Joint and sealant material degradation

Increasing wind pressure characteristic

unexpected building movements

human factor (mistakes and failures) by installation

Guarantee facade long-term reliability without repair demand.

Overhaul period is up to 50 year depending on the materials used.

Increase protection against aggressive influence of external

environment (atmospheric agents and following corrosion) on the

bearing walls.

Provide wall protection and heat-insulation against atmospheric

precipitation.

Protects bearing walls from moisture penetration (rain, condensation

water, etc.) and facilitates its evaporation from the bearing wall surface

(moisture represents one of the main dangers for any construction).

Create a favourable temperature condition in a building. Ventilated

facade construction prevents condensate from forming on the bearing

wall and as a result resists mold inside of buildings.

Decrease of building warming costs up to 30% - energy cost saving

effect.

Decrease of air- conditioning costs, thanks to decreased dispersion in the heat season -

energy cost saving effect

Increase soundproofing function (up to 15 Db), which are not reachable with other traditional

cladding designs.

Increase building protection against lightning stroke: cladding bear the function of screen

protecting the electronic equipment inside the building

Provide low-cost maintenance service

Decrease of bearing walls thickness and increase of rentable building area accordingly.

Provide easy, rapid installation and decrease the whole project construction time

Provide easy reinstallation and repair procedure.

Open manifold possibilities for architectural design using diverse cladding materials, diverse

colours, forms and shapes.

Provide possibility for application of dark colour materials, without increasing of inside building

temperature

Day Light Saving

2011-01-13T16:25:00.002+05:30

http://www.kaviengineers.com/daylight-system.htm

Daylight System

Daylight System is one of the best innovations for saving electricity and using natural light in the effective manner. We provide the top notch Daylight System for homes, offices and other commercial buildings. Daylight System is advantageous as use of natural light improves productivity and do not hinder work due to power failure. Natural daylight is beneficial for physical and mental well being of the occupants. We ensure proper installation of daylight system at your place and provide prompt after sales service to the clients. Experience the Daylight System offered by us, at affordable prices.

Why our Daylight System?

· Zero maintenance cost

· Saves electricity

· Payback of systems cost in 2-3 years, due to energy & maintenance cost savings

· Better natural light conditions improve productivity and safety of the occupants

· No work disruption due to power failure

· Natural daylight is beneficial for physical and mental well being of the occupants

How it works

· Constitutes a Light Collector, Reflective Pip

· The Light Collector exposed to sun collects light and pipes it down

· The highly reflective interior surface of the pipe, conducts light to desired location with minimal loss.

· The diffuser installed inside, distributes the incoming light evenly through the area.

Features

· Provides bright natural day light to the interiors

· Works efficient even on rainy days

· Negligible heat transfer

· Zero UV radiation

· Can reach darker interiors by bending the pipe

· Long Life (20 years)

Application

· Warehouses

· Factories

· Corridors

· School

· Institution

· Office

· Living Room

· Kitchen

· Toilets

· Staircases

Carbon Dioxide Emission Saving

· 750 mm Dia Light Pipe

· 530 mm Dia Light Pipe

· 1296 Kgs of carbon dioxide /annum

· 875 Kgs of carbondioxide /annum

Light pipe Bends

· Bend are allowed in Light pipe of 45 & 90 Degree.

· With every bend there will be a light loss of 5 -6 %.

Light Control

· Clear Bright

· Soft White

· Bright Vision

· False Ceiling Diffusers

· Double Glazing

Successful Installations

· Tayag Raj Stadium for CWG (Laxmi Bai Nagar, Delhi)

· Pepsi Bottling Plants

· ITC –Filtrona

· ITC

· Surya Nepal Ltd.

· Coca-Cola

· Owens Corning

· ELGI Equipments

· L&T Ltd.

· Procter & Gamble

· Wheels India Ltd.

· Brakes India Ltd.

· Dresser Valve Ltd.

· Naval Material Organization

· Shree Ram Urban Infrastructure Ltd

Energy Saving

LIGHTOUTPUT OF LIGHT PIPE (350MM DIA)	16,000 LUMENS
Luminous Efficiency of Electrical Light	60 Lumens/Watts
Wattage of electrical light for equivalent light output of16,000 Lumens	267 Watts
Electrical Energy Saving per annum	0.267 X 12 Hours/Day X 360days = 1154.44 Kwhs
Cost Saving PerAnnum (@ Rs. 6.00 Per Kwhs)	Rs.6900/-

Application Guide Line

SIZE	EXTERNAL LIGHT1 LAKHTO 1.1 LAKH LUX	AREA LITUP (APPROX)	MAX. LENGTH
250MM (10)	450LUX	150 SFT	6 METRES
530MM (21)	2800 LUX	450SFT	12METRES
750 MM (30)	5000 LUX	900 SFT	SHORT LENGTH

Glazing Types

2010-12-31T16:05:00.000+05:30

Generally, there are three fundamental approaches to improving the energy performance of glazing products (two or more may be combined).

The first approach is to alter the glazing material itself by changing its chemical composition or physical characteristics. An example of this is tinted glazing.

The second approach is to apply a coating to the glazing material surface. Reflective coatings and films were developed to reduce heat gain and glare, and more recently, low-emittance coatings have been developed to improve both heating and cooling season performance.

The third approach is to assemble various layers of glazing and control the properties of the spaces between the layers. These strategies include the use of two or more panes or films; low-conductance gas fills between the layers, and thermally improved edge spacers.

energy-related window performance ratings

2010-12-31T15:48:00.000+05:30

The main energy-related window performance ratings are:

U-factor
Solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC)
Visible transmittance (VT)
Air leakage
Condensation Resistance

U-factor

The U-Factor measures how the product traps the heat inside the house. The rating would fall between 0.20 and 1.20. The lower the value, the better.

The Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) measures how the window blocks solar heat coming inside the house. The rating is between 0 and 1. The lower the value, the more heat is blocked.

The Visible Transmittance rating tells how much light is transmitted. Like the SHGC, the value is expressed between 0 and 1. Lower value means lower light passes through the window.
The Air Leakage measures how much air passes through the product. Higher rating means more air can pass through the window.

Finally, the Condensation Resistance measures the window's ability to minimize the formation of condensation. This value falls from 0 to 100. If it is closer to 100, the product has a less chance of condensation forming on the surface.

When buying a new home or building one, these are important factors to consider. While purchasing a window, keep all of these tips in mind as better quality windows will last longer, serve you better and will ultimately be far more beneficial in the long run. Pay attention to the U-factor and stay warmer in the winters.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Andy_Denton

Solar gain (also known as solar heat gain or passive solar gain) refers to the increase in temperature in a space, object or structure that results from solar radiation. The amount of solar gain increases with the strength of the sun, and with the ability of any intervening material to transmit or resist the radiation.

Objects struck by sunlight absorb the short-wave radiation from the light and reradiate the heat at longer infrared wavelengths. Where there is a material or substance (such as glass) between the sun and the objects struck that is more transparent to the shorter wavelengths than the longer, then when the sun is shining the net result is an increase in temperature - solar gain. This effect, the greenhouse effect, so called due to the solar gain that is experienced behind the glass of a greenhouse, has since become well known in the context of global warming.

Solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC)
The Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) measures how well a window blocks heat from sunlight. The SHGC is the fraction of the heat from the sun that enters through a window. SHGC is expressed as a number between 0 and 1. The lower a window''s SHGC, the less solar heat it transmits
______________________________________________________________________________________________
Shading coefficients

When discussing the properties of fenestration (e.g. windows and doors) and shading devices, shading coefficients are commonly mentioned properties. Shading coefficients measure the solar energy transmittance through windows. "G-value" is the coefficient commonly used in Europe and "solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC)" is used in the United States. "Shading Coefficient" is an older term that is still sometimes used in the United States. The relationship between SHGC and SC is as follows: SHGC = SC × 0.87. G-values and SHGC values ranges from 0 to 1, a lower value representing less solar gain. Shading coefficient values are calculated using the sum of the primary solar transmittance (T-value) and the secondary transmittance. Primary transmittance is the fraction of solar radiation that directly enters a building through a window compared to the total solar insolation, the amount of radiation that the window receives. The secondary transmittance is the fraction of inwardly flowing solar energy absorbed in the window (or shading device) again compared to the total solar insolation.

Solar gain and building design -{Source
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_gain}

In the context of passive solar building design the aim of the designer is normally to maximise solar gain within the building in the winter (to reduce space heating demand), and to control it in summer (to minimise cooling requirements). Thermal mass may be used to even out the fluctuations during the day, and to some extent between days.

In direct solar gain systems, the composition and coating of the building glazing can also be manipulated to optimise the greenhouse effect, while its size, position and shading can be used to optimise solar gain. Solar gain can also be transferred to the building by indirect or isolated solar gain systems. For further details, see passive solar building design.

SOURCE:-http://www.efficientwindows.org

Visible transmittance (VT)

The visible transmittance (VT) is an optical property that indicates the amount of visible light transmitted. The NFRC's VT is a whole window rating and includes the impact of the frame which does not transmit any visible light. While VT theoretically varies between 0 and 1, most values among double- and triple-pane windows are between 0.30 and 0.70. The higher the VT, the more light is transmitted. A high VT is desirable to maximize daylight.

Select windows with a higher VT to maximize daylight and view

Air leakage

Heat loss and gain occur by infiltration through cracks in the window assembly. It is indicated by an air leakage rating (AL) expressed as the equivalent cubic feet of air passing through a square foot of window area. The lower the AL, the less air will pass through cracks in the window assembly

Condensation Resistance

CR measures how well a window resists the formation of condensation on the inside surface. CR is expressed as a number between 1 and 100. The higher the number, the better a product is able to resist condensation. CR is meant to compare products and their potential for condensation formation

Facade

2010-12-31T14:13:00.000+05:30

Green Building

Buildings have major environmental impacts over their entire life cycle. Resources such as ground cover, forests, water, and energy are depleted to construct and operate buildings. Resource-intensive materials provide the building envelope and landscaping adds beauty to it – in turn using up water and pesticides to maintain it. Energy-consuming systems for lighting, space conditioning and water heating provide comfort to its occupants. Hi-tech controls add intelligence to ‘inanimate’ buildings so that they can respond to varying conditions, and intelligently monitor and control resource use, security, and usage of fire systems etc. in the building. Water is another vital resource for the occupants, which gets consumed continuously during building construction and operation. Several building processes and occupant functions generate large amounts of waste.

Thus, buildings are one of the major pollutants that affect urban air quality and contribute to climate change. Hence, the need to design a green building, the essence of which would be to address all these issues in an integrated and scientific manner. It is true that it costs a little more to design and construct a green building. However, it is also a proven fact that it costs less to operate a green building that has tremendous environmental benefits and provides a better place for the occupants to live and work in. Thus, the challenge of a green building is to achieve all its benefits at an affordable cost.

A green building depletes as little of the natural resources during its construction and operation. The aim of a green building design is to:

Minimize the demand on non-renewable resources and maximize the utilization efficiency of these resources when in use, and
Maximize reuse and recycling of available resources
Utilization of renewable resources.

It maximizes the use of efficient building materials and construction practices; optimizes the use of on-site sources and sinks by bio-climatic architectural practices; uses minimum energy to power itself; uses efficient equipment to meet its lighting, air-conditioning, and other needs; maximizes the use of renewable sources of energy; uses efficient waste and water management practices; and provides comfortable and hygienic indoor working conditions. It is evolved through a design process that requires all concerned –the architect and landscape designer and the air conditioning, electrical, plumbing, and energy consultants – to work as a team to address all aspects of building and system planning, design, construction, and operation. They critically evaluate the impacts of each design decision on the environment and arrive at viable design solutions to minimize the negative impacts and enhance the positive impacts on the environment. In sum, the following aspects of the building design are looked into in an integrated way in a green building:

Site planning
Building envelope design
Building system design HVAC(heating ventilation and air conditioning), lighting, electrical, and water heating
Integration of renewable energy sources to generate energy onsite.
Water and waste management
Selection of ecologically sustainable materials (with high recycled content, rapidly renewable resources with low emission potential, etc.).
Indoor environmental quality (maintains indoor thermal and visual comfort and air quality)

Façade White papers by Leads Facade

Facade

*Rear Ventilated Facade*

Day Light Saving

Daylight System

Glazing Types

energy-related window performance ratings

Solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC)

Solar gain and building design -{Sourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_gain}

Facade

Rear Ventilated Facade

Solar gain and building design -{Source
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_gain}