Does Every Woman Have an Eating Disorder?

Fat Shame

2012-05-21T20:04:00.000-04:00

Thanks Again

2012-04-23T12:15:00.002-04:00

Have you been gravitating toward higher calorie foods since 2008? In a study presented back in August at the yearly meeting of the American Psychological Association, University of Miami marketing doctoral student Anthony Salerno suggests that your choices may be do to the economy.

Salerno's research found that study participants primed to focus on deprivation chose higher calorie foods, compared to those who focused more on pleasure than survival.

Most of us have accepted the fact that, for any, deprivation around food tends to lead to overeating. What makes this study interesting is that it widens the playing field to include deprivation as general concepts. Salerno's results indicate that if we feel deprived at all (not just around food), we may have a tendency to eat more.

Assuming this data translates beyond the lab, it suggests that to curb this form of (biologically induced?) emotional eating, we bring our focus to gratitude. What is it that you have (vs. have not) in your life? Can you highlight areas of abundance, rather than deprivation? This shift in mindset can be profitable across the board.

And, where can you add indulgences that don't cost much? Can you treat your senses with appealing scents, comfortable fabrics, enticing flavors, soothing visuals, and melodic sounds? Doing so can ease distress, increase our experience of pleasure, and, perhaps most importantly, communicate to ourselves that we are worth it.

A Must Read

2012-04-10T12:53:00.000-04:00

Well said, Ashley. . .

The Not-So-Hunger Games

2012-04-03T18:55:00.000-04:00

Current film sensation Jennifer Lawrence recently told Life & Style magazine that she, for one, is not going hungry.

Lawrence says: "'I remember when I was 13 and it was cool to pretend to have an eating disorder because there were rumors that Lindsay Lohan and Nicole Richie were anorexic.'"

Now, considered somewhat plump for Hollywood, Lawrence feels differently: "'I'm just so sick of these young girls with diets. I think it's really important for girls to have people to look up to and feel good about themselves.'"

And, in another declaration that may serve to benefit the general public, the Equinox chain of fitness facilities recently unveiled a new personal training campaign (see below). While the focus is still on skinny/fat, it's good to know that a major company is moving toward recognizing that weight is not a proxy for health. Now if they could just focus on fitness, rather than fat. . .

Israeli Model Law

2012-03-20T12:25:00.000-04:00

Government officials in Israel have passed a new law banning the use of significantly underweight models in country-wide advertising. The law, designed to challenge the glorification of the thin ideal, will also require advertisers who use airbrushing/editing to slim models down to acknowledge this in print.

Officials are hopeful that these measures will reduce the rates of anorexia in Israel. What do you think?

Fitness, Faith, and Fun

2012-02-21T12:21:00.000-05:00

Here's what I like about exercising: Physical activity improves my mood; it makes me feel accomplished; it keeps my blood pressure low and my heart in good health; it makes me strong and, for instance, capable of carrying all the groceries in in one shot, it helps me burn off some restless energy before an entire workday spent seated in a chair; it gives me an opportunity to listen to my favorite tunes and participate in an individual dance party in my head; it allows me to work toward various goals; in a class setting, it helps me to feel the camaraderie of being part of something bigger; when accomplished outdoors, it provides me fresh air, beatific vistas at times, and an opportunity to connect with our earth; and it provides a portal through which I can practice mindfulness, following both movement and my breath.

Here's what I dislike about exercising: fitness instructors who use weight/food intake to motivate their students. In a few short months, I've heard several iterations of this. In a spinning class, an instructor tried to inspire us by telling us that so-and-so celebrity burned x-many calories in her class. I think it may have been the same instructor who encouraged us to push through a challenging portion near the end of the ride in order to "burn off" a recent holiday meal. In a yoga class I took several weeks ago, the instructor suggested that a benefit of an inversion practice is reduced cellulite. This weekend, I tried another indoor cycling class at a trendy new studio. Halfway through the class, the instructor yelled out, "Who wants to change your bodies?" As if dissatisfied by the moderate, collective cheer, he repeated the question with more oomph to garner more of a response. Now, if he meant "change," as in get stronger, faster, more flexible, etc., I may have seen his point, But, somehow, I'm not sure that that was where he was going, and it concerns me that the expectation is that, by the very fact that we're there, we're unhappy with ourselves.

The more we exercise to lose weight, burn calories/fat, or to change ourselves, the more likely we are to push ourselves beyond our limits (hour-long inversions, anyone?), turn exercise into punishment, and reduce the joy associated with the inherent act of moving our bodies. It's no wonder that such a large percentage of people who start an exercise program drop out. When we exercise to realize the physical and psychological gains associated with movement, to improve our fitness, empower us, and (gasp!) for fun, we can easily sign on for a lifelong commitment. When we so enjoy dancing and hiking and climbing and swimming and cycling and strengthening and stretching, why would we ever stop?

New Model Guidelines

2012-01-31T11:30:00.000-05:00

The Council of Fashion Designers of American has recently released new guidelines for models who work Fashion Week and other industry events.

As a whole, I applaud the group's focus to educate the industry and encourage healthy eating and treatment, if necessary. Do you think these guidelines will help? Do you see any limitations to the guidelines? Take a minute to read the new guidelines and let me know what you think. . . .

Georgia. . .

2012-01-18T11:55:00.000-05:00

A new campaign in Georgia targeted at childhood obesity has raised significant alarm in the eating disorder community. Specifically, many of us who treat eating disorders are concerned that the campaign focuses more on body size than on the promotion of healthy eating and exercise behaviors. It is negative, shaming, and could actually encourage the development of eating disorders in those who may have such tendencies.

As such, the Binge Eating Disorder Association has developed an online petition, with the hopes of arresting the campaign.

What do you think? Will you sign?

Losing the Battle

2012-01-10T11:21:00.000-05:00

If, for some reason, you missed the fact that we recently celebrated a new year, you surely cannot miss the barrage of weight-loss advertising appearing in our media this week. By now, you've probably viewed commercials from our nation's power players, each starring its own celeb: Jennifer Hudson for Weight Watchers, Janet Jackson for Nutri-System, and Mariah Carey for Jenny Craig (can someone please help me identify exactly what Mariah is doing in this commercial?)

Upping the ante in cyberspace is a new site that allows dieters to gamble on how much weight they lose.

What I know is that if I had $100 riding on my weight loss, I'd somehow make it happen. What might happen after, though, is likely what happens to most dieters after the fact, highlighted by a recent study among adolescents, which appeared in the Journal of Adolescent Health and which concludes in its abstract, “Findings clearly indicate that dieting and unhealthy weight control behaviors, as reported by adolescents, predict significant weight gain over time.”

If you begin a diet, chances are that you'll lose weight. Chance are also that if you end the diet (which you may do after a pre-specified time or earlier, due to difficulty in adhering to the diet), you will gain the weight back. In many cases, you will gain even more. The statistics have spoken loud and clear, and not one product, plan, or gimmick has shown the ability to compete successfully with them.

(Photo)shopping for the Holidays

2011-12-22T12:24:00.001-05:00

By now, you've probably heard about H & M's recent advertising snafu, in which the Swedish retailers plugged real-life faces on computer-generated bodies. The story was exposed earlier this month.

And what about the notorious Faith Hill photoshopping job on Redbook magazine?

Revealed several years back, the side-by-side comparison spoke volumes about what the industry will do to sell a star.

But, in all of this, we're reminded of what this re-imaging does for the every woman--setting an unrealistic, unattainable standard. H & M models do not exist in reality. Not even Faith Hill can look like Faith Hill. Let's continue to expose the myths that fuel the fire. It's so important that we do.

Happy holidays. . .

Let's Say. . .

2011-12-06T11:26:00.000-05:00

Scenario 1: Let's say that there's this young woman who comes to therapy. We'll call her Diana. Diana doesn't have an eating disorder. What brings her into treatment is panic attacks. In the course of her anxiety, let's say Diana loses weight. She's panicky, on edge, and she's not eating enough. Let's say that Diana was "at a normal weight" (whatever that is) before and that when she loses weight, she looks unhealthy. Let's also say she has a psychiatrist who's treating her for her anxiety. Then, let's say that Diana's therapist expresses concerns about her weight loss and discusses with her how she can get adequate nutrition even with low appetite. Remember, Diana doesn't have an eating disorder, so this isn't the most complicated thing. Next, let's say that Diana starts to feel less anxious. Some combination of medication and therapy is helping her, and her panic attacks remit. Let's say, that in the process of this, she gains back the weight she had lost. Let's say again "at a normal weight" (whatever that is). Finally, let's say that she visits her psychiatrist after some time, who mentions Diana's weight gain and states that 1) Diana needs to lose weight and 2) She needs to do so by their next visit.

Scenario 2: Let's say that another woman who has been in therapy for many years for anxiety, depression, and a sub-clinical eating disorder, is seeing a relatively new psychiatrist. We'll call her Sharon. Sharon likes her new psychiatrist because she seems compassionate and responsive to her. Like many psychiatrists she's had in the past, Sharon's current psychiatrist is eager to try out new medications and doses of medications with her, in order to alleviate her symptoms. During one appointment, Sharon, who is "at a normal weight" (whatever that is), expresses concern about her psychiatrist's recent recommendation that she up the dosage of her medication in order to address her residual anxiety. "Doesn't that cause weight gain?," she asks. Sharon is concerned because she has a history of binge eating, and she doesn't want to be on anything that exacerbates this condition. "It could," her psychiatrist replies, "But that's when you just need to focus on portion control." To Sharon, who again has a history of binge eating, hearing the phrase "portion control" creates such anxiety in her that she actually wants to binge. She's had many attempts at trying to restrict what she eats (in fact, that's what led to her binge eating, according to her understanding of it all), and this does not seem to be an adequate solution.

Do you have any reactions to these scenarios? They can and do occur, highlighting the importance of consulting with professionals who have specific education and training in the field of eating disorders. A simple, innocuous comment as processed by someone with an eating disorder can do significant, unintended damage. Ideally, those struggling with eating disorders can arrive at a place in their recovery where a single comment isn't so threatening (as they may come from various sources), but until and unless this happens, it's important to select a treatment team sensitive to these concerns.

Celebrities with E.D.'s

2011-11-22T21:21:00.000-05:00

A while back, a reporter asked me my position regarding celebrities disclosing that they have struggled with eating disorders. She asked if I thought the disclosure was helpful or hurtful for the general public. I went with "helpful," and here's why: Obviously, I wish that no one had to suffer the physical and psychological damage of an eating disorder. But, since people do develop them, and since we're still learning how to best treat them, pay for treating them, etc., I think any type of public awareness is beneficial. For fans who struggle with eating disorders, learning of someone else's struggle may help with feelings of shame or isolation around the disorder. Moreover, I think it's important for the public to understand that a number of the singers, actresses, and models they admire are not as naturally thin as they appear. In many cases, they must go to drastic measures, in order to conform to our current body ideal (see Adriana Lima's recent revelation to the Telegraph for proof). For some, these measures may lead to the development of full-blown eating disorders. In my opinion, the more information we have that counteracts the idea that skinny (for all women) is healthy and effortless, the better.

What are your thoughts?

Come Back to Carbs

2011-11-08T12:32:00.000-05:00

Can one woman hail the return of entire macronutrient? I'd like to try.

We live in a carb-free, low-carb, healthy-carb country. We're encouraged by experts to up our protein intake and lower our carbohydrates, with the premise that this is the key to arriving at a healthy (read: aesthetic) weight.

Recently, I went to a dinner party and brought a lovely quinoa. It went untouched. Because of the carbs.

Later that week, I stopped at my gym's snack bar to pick up a sports drink prior to yoga class. Amidst a sea of no-carb, high-protein drinks (many infused with artificial sweeteners in order to claim the title), I finally stumbled on some fruit juice that fit the bill.

I get it. We realized that we'd weigh a little less if we cut back on carbs. But, what we didn't realize is that we'd be eliminating a major energy source, one that fuels our muscles, organs, and brains. Carbohydrates have a significant impact on mood, as well. Just ask someone who's going carb-free.

Your trainer tells you to cut out bread. Your gossip magazine shows you a day in the life of your favorite celebrity, proving that lean protein and vegetables for lunch and dinner is not only doable, but leads to the intended results. Your coworker went low-carb and quickly dropped 15 pounds.

The thing is. . . not one nutritionist I respect has ever recommended this type of diet to anyone I know. They understand the importance of all three macronutrients. They understand what cutting carbs does to one's energy and mood. And then understand, as I do, that the weight-loss benefits of going low-carb are temporary (only for as long as you're on the diet), and that depriving ourselves of something (anything, really) often backfires, obfuscating the point entirely.

I wish that I had a dollar for every person I meet who complains of an inability to ward off mid-afternoon candy runs, or who shamefully confesses to late-night binges on chips, cookies, or cake, who, by the way, is also restricting her carbs. When she begins to reintroduce this necessary nutrient, she finds that her carbohydrate cravings remit. It's her body's way of saying, "Thanks for giving me what I need."

America the Beautiful 2

2011-10-26T18:52:00.000-04:00

Have you seen it? I went to the Hollywood premiere a couple of weeks ago, and Darryl Roberts, the filmmaker, was there, along with several members of the cast, and all were available for a Q & A!

It isn't ground-breaking, but it does bring more, much-needed attention to eating disorders and our national focus on obesity.

And, speaking of fighting stigmas against weight and shape, try this one on for size:

The editor writes:

"I'm seeking personal essay submissions from women who have made strides in overcoming societal stigma around body size/weight and who now love/feel positive about their curvy/chubby/fat bodies. The submission deadline is quickly approaching. . . . I am offering contributors of accepted submissions $50."

Because if you're going to fight this stigma, you may as well earn some cash in the process!

The Weeks Keep on Coming!

2011-10-18T12:41:00.000-04:00

Did you know that this week is Fat Talk Free Week? Check it out here!

Can you commit, for the remaining few days, not to utter a word about your body or anyone else's? I know, I know, there may still be that silly negativity squatting in your head. But, at least for conversational purposes, can we spend the rest of the week avoiding comments about weight, shape, or size? Can we, if approached by others to join in such dialogue, respond like Jessica Weiner does? ("I'm sorry, I don't speak that language.") And can we, freed up from useless chatter, use our time and energy to connect with others in a more meaningful and authentic way?

Try it out.
Take the pledge.
Then tell me, what will you talk about instead?

Health At Every Size

2011-10-04T19:42:00.000-04:00

Did you know that last week was the Binge Eating Disorder Association's First Annual Weight Stigma Awareness Week? Either did I, which is why I'm posting about it now. This gives us plenty of time to prep for next year!

In light of this, I'd like to share Dr. Deb Burgard's recent piece on Health Speech. Burgard is a key player in the Health At Every Size and Association for Size Diversity and Health movements.

It never ceases to amaze me how medical doctors will often tell heavy people to lose weight, even when the patient shows no objective signs of disease. At the same time, the significantly underweight, eating-disordered patient will often fly under the radar, reporting that she's never discussed her eating disorders with her primary care provider who has, in turn, never asked about her about her low weight.

I hope that by promoting these movements we can move toward a place of greater size acceptance and can refocus agendas and efforts on health, rather than weight.

Sweet Honey in the Rock

2011-09-27T11:27:00.000-04:00

Don't you just love it when you come across something so wonderful?

Body Image and the Media

2011-09-21T11:20:00.001-04:00

I'm often asked to provide quotes and commentary to the media about eating disorders and body image. Sometimes, I'm told where the interview will appear, and other times, (no laughing!), I find my words by periodically googling myself. Recently, I answered a reporter's questions via email. I'm not sure if my words will appear in print, but I thought they might be of interest here, and I'd love your feedback on what I said. . . .

1) Where does our unrealistic body image come from? Is it different for men vs. women?

Our ideas about the ideal body are contextual, linked to time and place. The media portrays certain images that are judged to be ideal given the context, which reinforces the ideal. I think it used to be that women seemed to have a more unattainable body ideal, while men were allowed to "get by" w/other attributes, but the tide seems to be turning, and the standards for men are becoming increasingly difficult to reach (see the new male mannequins w/27-inch waists!)

2) Why is comparison (with celebrities or people around us) so counterproductive?

Only a certain, small percentage of people have the genetics consistent with the current media ideal. That means that the rest of us, to varying degrees of success, and with varying degrees of negative physiological and psychological consequences, will be forever chasing the thin ideal. We're just not all mean to be or look the same. In just the same way that many of us are forced to accept our height or shoe size, it would be wonderful if we could do this with weight, exercising in a healthy way and eating a balanced diet, but not doing these things to contort our bodies to unrealistic proportions.

3) How can you figure out what your own "ideal" body is?

I usually say that your natural weight is how much you would weigh if, over time, you ate in a balanced way (eating nutritious foods AND responding to food cravings), were eating primarily out of physical, rather than emotional hunger, ate when you were hungry and stopped when you were full, exercised regularly, but not compulsively, and refrained from food restriction, bingeing, purging, use of diet pills, enemas, laxatives, or other compensatory strategies.

4) Any tips for correcting negative thinking when it comes to body image?

I think it's important to challenge the thoughts that suggest that body shape/size (or even appearance in general) determines happiness. I've worked with plenty of heavy, happy women, as well as plenty of women who are skinny and unhappy. We're conditioned by the media to place way too much emphasis on body image in terms of where we think it will get us in life.

5) Are body image issues on the rise in the US? if so, why?

I think we're seeing more issues among men, plus we continue to see eating disorder rates increasing, especially among younger and younger children. Media access is so available and immediate these days, and the images come to us through various forms. We now have people comparing themselves to their "friends" on Facebook. I've spoken with a number of women who avoid social events because they know that the pictures taken there will be posted on social media sites, which will stir up their body dissatisfaction.

6) How can our readers be more accepting of their bodies?

One of the best things I think people can do is learn about how the media distorts images to promote the ideal. The more we learn about cropping, airbrushing, etc., the more we realize that even the celebrities don't look like themselves. Also, see attached (article I wrote on radical body acceptance) for more recommendations.

Fall, 2011

2011-09-12T11:07:00.000-04:00

Check out this magnet I found in the UCLA bookstore:

At first, I loved it, but then, as I walked away, I began to think: "No, wait, Barbie should be happy being Barbie!"

We psychologists over-think everything.

Have I mentioned I moved to Los Angeles? That's what I did during my summer vacation. How about you?

As I return to blogging this fall, I'm interested in what you'd like to see me write about. Any requests for topics?

There's a lot brewing in the Does Every Women Have an Eating Disorder? world. . . . I already have talks lined up for September and March, and now, being in Los Angeles, where eating disorder treatment centers seem to be everywhere, I have a number of meetings scheduled with other professionals. I've hung my shingle in Southern California and am seeing new patients here. I continue to scour the internet, magazines, and television ads for cultural illustrations of my premise. Just the other day, I saw a commercial (I believe it was for Home Goods), in which a woman returns from her lunch break, bragging to her colleague that her meal was both affordable and calorie-free. As it turns out, she visited a Home Goods store and made a home purchase there, skipping lunch entirely.

Please help me in fighting this fight. . . .

Bringing Summer Back

2011-05-30T07:52:00.000-04:00

On this weekend, the unofficial start to summer, I'm aware that we've lost the meaning of the season.

Summer is not supposed to be about hating your body.

It's about coconut lotion, popsicle tongues, and cartwheels in the sand. Summer camp, porch swings, and shvitzing in the shade. Slip-and-slides, fireworks, and forever dusk.

And yes, it's about food. . . hot dogs, ice cream, and corn. . . picnics and barbecues, blueberries, and tea (iced tea, that is).

As a child, no one had to tell you how to prepare for swimsuit season. The same holds true now. Getting "bikini-ready" is as simple as: 1) taking off your clothes and 2) putting on your bikini.

So, join me these next few months in bringing summer back. Let's keep in mind the wonderful culture of summer, where the size or shape of your belly, upper arms, thighs, hips, and butts have nothing to do with barreling into the surf, hurling watermelon seeds, or catching fireflies in a jar.

Goodbye, Mia

2011-05-16T17:37:00.000-04:00

I'm deeply saddened by the loss of Mia Amber Davis, plus-sized modeling pioneer (Mia's site). It's difficult to conceptualize a loss at such a young age. Even more so when you've met her.

I met Mia a couple of years back, when we served on a television panel together. I was immediately impressed by her presence, a confident, intelligent, beautiful young woman, who spoke so articulately about the relationship between culture, self-esteem, and weight.

It's sad to think that the (plus-sized) modeling industry has lost such a bright, young star.

Glee?

2011-04-21T07:56:00.000-04:00

In the latest issue of Self Magazine, Gwyneth Paltrow "shares her secrets for eating healthy and having a body to envy." Paltrow, promoting her new book, My Father's Daughter: Delicious, Easy Recipes Celebrating Family & Togetherness, discusses the evolution of her relationship with food, from developing an interest in cooking with her father; to adhering to an organic, local, macrobiotic diet (eliminating dairy, sugar, meat, liquor, and gluten); to fulfilling pregnancy cravings; and finally to preparing delicious offerings for those she loves. Sounds good, right?

But then, in a sidebar titled, "How She Got That Body," Paltrow is interviewed regarding her exercise regime. The super-slim Paltrow, who admits to being in the best shape of her life, fesses up to 90 minutes of exercise five days a week. She goes on to say, "If I'm prepping for something or I've been eating a lot of pie, I do two hours a day, six days a week for two weeks."

Last I checked, this constitutes excessive exercise. I get that stars like Paltrow have to look the part, and I understand that logging hours with celebrity trainers and chefs helps them fit the bill. However, exercising more to compensate for one's eating (and by more, I mean hours more a week!) gets a little fuzzy, don't you think?

Self advertises the story to explain how Paltrow arrived "at her happy relationship with food." Paltrow seems to enjoy cooking and eating, even her no-fry fries, recipe included, her raw almonds, and homemade kale and lemon juice. But, it's the relationship she's forged between food and exercise that seems not-so-happy to me. Paltrow states, "I say I always eat right, but last night, I had fried clams, pasta with duck sausage and two glasses of red wine. When I want to lose, I eat less pasta, bread and potatoes. Before last year's Iron Man 2 premiere, I did green juices and salads for three days."

So that's how celebrities achieve the red-carpet look!

When asked about her motivation for working out, Paltrow responds, "I like feeling strong and healthy, but mostly I think about the fried zucchini I'll eat later."

My concern is that millions of readers may believe that exercise-as-compensation is the way to go. Many women will come to me in frustration that they can't maintain a celebrity diet (think the magazine sidebars we often see, detailing the egg-white breakfast, salad-with-grilled-chicken lunch, and fish-and-veggie dinner that many celebs will tout).

What I try to remind people is that most of us do not live celebrity lifestyles, have celebrity staff, or know what goes on behind closed doors. Just like non-celebs, stars will often go to extreme, unhealthy measures to maintain their weight. I'm not trying to condemn Paltrow's food or exercise choices. It's just important for us to recognize that Gwyneth isn't gospel, that a celebrity's relationship with food or her body is not always attainable or ideal.

So Sad

2011-03-15T14:48:00.000-04:00

Did you hear about this?

Eating Disorder Study

2011-02-28T16:17:00.000-05:00

I'd love to have a dollar for all the people who, after learning that I work with eating disorders, say something to the effect of, "I wish I had an eating disorder." Then, there are those who think recovery is simple--just eat, or just limit what you eat--when it's not. Eating disorders are not simply choices. New research (see the abstract below) actually provides evidence for such interpretations of eating disorders and recovery.

A Comparison of Stigma Toward Eating Disorders Versus Depression. Objective: The goal of this study was to compare the degree of stigma associated with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and depression. Method: Participants read one of three vignettes describing clinical cases of AN, BN, or depression, and answered questions assessing stigma toward individuals with one of these three mental disorders. Results: Attitudes toward individuals with eating disorders were significantly more stigmatizing than attitudes toward individuals with depression. Individuals with an eating disorder were rated as more fragile, more responsible for their disorder, and more likely to use their disorder to gain attention than individuals with depression. Furthermore, the majority of participants reported that they admired certain aspects of eating disorders, thought that there might be some benefits to having an eating disorder, and that others would be motivated to imitate eating disorder behavior. Discussion: Stigma toward individuals with eating disorders is greater than stigma toward depression and includes unique features such as attitudes of envy. Implications of these results for the understanding of mental disorder stigma and eating disorders are discussed. Source: Int J Eat Disord. 2010 Nov 1;43(7):671-4.

A Meditation on Forgiveness

2011-02-21T17:12:00.001-05:00

Can you forgive yourself for being imperfect?

For making mistakes each day, for not getting it right. . .

For failing to meet your your expectations each and every time. . .

For just getting by when you wanted to excel. . .

For walking when you wanted to run. . .

For eating more than you'd like, for weighing more than you'd

like. . .

For engaging in unhealthy measures to control how you look. . .

Can you take this moment to forgive yourself?

"Finish each day and be done with it. You have done what you could. Some blunders and absurdities no doubt crept in, forget them as soon as you can. Tomorrow is a new day, you shall begin it well and serenely." Ralph Waldo Emerson