<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1686458996561451855</id><updated>2025-09-13T10:12:06.176+07:00</updated><category term="Uncategorized"/><category term="resep"/><category term="Biologi"/><category term="Mandarin"/><category term="fisika"/><category term="translate"/><category term="terjemahan mandarin"/><category term="lagu batak"/><category term="Teknologi"/><category term="Kimia"/><category term="pendidikan"/><category term="Ekonomi"/><category term="pkn"/><category term="belajar"/><category term="IPA"/><category term="budidaya"/><category term="hukumnegara"/><category 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term="integration"/><category term="isomer"/><category term="logarithm"/><category term="lompat jauh"/><category term="past papers"/><category term="protein"/><category term="Andy Lau 刘德华"/><category term="Ariel Tsai 蔡佩軒"/><category term="Function"/><category term="Lei Ting 雷婷"/><category term="Pancasila"/><category term="Polynomial"/><category term="UTS SBK"/><category term="Wang Jie 王杰"/><category term="chapter2"/><category term="chapter8"/><category term="karbohidrat"/><category term="konseling"/><category term="laju reaksi"/><category term="problems"/><category term="sel elektrokimia"/><category term="senam lantai"/><category term="sistem koloid"/><category term="tata nama senyawa"/><category term="vektor"/><category term="Hebe Tian 田馥甄"/><category term="Pure Math"/><category term="Rumus Fisika"/><category term="SOAL SMA"/><category term="Surat Menyurat"/><category term="Teresa Teng 邓丽君"/><category term="UAS Inggris"/><category term="UTS Inggris"/><category 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飞儿乐团"/><category term="Fei Yu Qing 费玉清"/><category term="Feng Xiao Zheng 风小筝"/><category term="Ficca Tjen"/><category term="Fish Leong 梁靜茹"/><category term="Gao An 高安"/><category term="Gao Jin 高进"/><category term="Gelombang Bunyi"/><category term="George Lam 林子祥"/><category term="Gigi Leung 梁咏琪"/><category term="Grithmetic Progression"/><category term="Guan Xiaotong 关晓彤"/><category term="Guang Liang 光良"/><category term="Guo Ling 郭玲"/><category term="Half Angle Formulae"/><category term="Han An Xu 韩安旭"/><category term="Han Hong 韩红"/><category term="Hari Nasional"/><category term="He Shi Zhe 贺世哲"/><category term="Hei Qi Zi 黑崎子"/><category term="Helen Huang 黄萍"/><category term="Henry"/><category term="Hins Cheung 张敬轩"/><category term="Hong Jin Young 홍진영"/><category term="Hu Yan Bin 胡彦斌"/><category term="Hu Yong 胡永"/><category term="Hua Lu Guang 华禄光"/><category term="Ikimono Gakari"/><category term="Japanese Songs"/><category term="Jason Zhang 张杰"/><category term="Jeff Chang 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term="fisika"/><title type='text'>TRANSFORMATOR (TRAFO): SOAL DAN PEMBAHASAN</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Nomor 1 (UN 2014)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Perhatikan bagan &lt;b&gt;transformator&lt;/b&gt; dibawah ini!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3B2yPTZKHcH5MyZlt934h48cYZ2UCEqJYJXGxTLSpTapvDjK9_L_YHZcRKWZ_feB1jXEO7B78g6sfcAfUqvg2oycqpVsqF3ZqzJLl2Ddc90KBpEFxLg3JHLmD20rWzhP5-zgwfGhmHfg/s1600/Transformator.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Transformator&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3B2yPTZKHcH5MyZlt934h48cYZ2UCEqJYJXGxTLSpTapvDjK9_L_YHZcRKWZ_feB1jXEO7B78g6sfcAfUqvg2oycqpVsqF3ZqzJLl2Ddc90KBpEFxLg3JHLmD20rWzhP5-zgwfGhmHfg/s1600/Transformator.png&quot; title=&quot;Transformator&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jika jumlah lilitan kumparan N1 = 100 lilitan dan N2 = 250 lilitan tegangan V2 adalah...&lt;br /&gt;A. 100 volt&lt;br /&gt;B. 150 volt&lt;br /&gt;C. 200 volt&lt;br /&gt;D. 250 volt&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Penyelesaian&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Untuk menjawab soal diatas gunakan persamaan:&lt;br /&gt;N1 : N2 = V1 : V2&lt;br /&gt;100 : 250 = 40 : V2&lt;br /&gt;1/5 = 40/V2&lt;br /&gt;V2 = 40 x 5 = 200 volt&lt;br /&gt;Jawaban: C&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Nomor 2 (UN 2015)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Perhatikan tabel transformator berikut!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgenI1J58-DpljT4RAkPLwsHEw3-7hhsG5wZDwvRCtr2urrv__RUgQMiLjs3trKjv8I8E143jh08DZwdpe0T7YHomofhPlz6N3_Bn7wOoQrII0OT9pUX_T1jg3g21EEdcKzUEscgkskOkM/s1600/Tabel+transformator.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Tabel transformator&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgenI1J58-DpljT4RAkPLwsHEw3-7hhsG5wZDwvRCtr2urrv__RUgQMiLjs3trKjv8I8E143jh08DZwdpe0T7YHomofhPlz6N3_Bn7wOoQrII0OT9pUX_T1jg3g21EEdcKzUEscgkskOkM/s1600/Tabel+transformator.png&quot; title=&quot;Tabel transformator&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pernyataan yang benar tentang transformator P dan Q adalah...&lt;br /&gt;A. P adalah transformator step down karena Is &amp;lt; Ip&lt;br /&gt;B. P adalah transformator step up karena Vp &amp;lt; Vs&lt;br /&gt;C. Q adalah transformator step up karena Vp &amp;gt; Vs&lt;br /&gt;D. Q adalah transformator step up karena Is &amp;gt; Ip&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Penyelesaian&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Transformator adalah 2:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Trafo Step Up &lt;/b&gt;yang berfungsi menaikkan tegangan (Vp &amp;gt; Vs)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Trafo Step Down&lt;/b&gt; yang berfungsi menurunkan tegangan (Vp &amp;lt; Vs)&lt;br /&gt;Jadi jawaban yang tepat adalah C yaitu Q adalah transformator step up karena Vp &amp;gt; Vs.&lt;br /&gt;Jawaban: C</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/feeds/3806906105666544591/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2020/05/transformator-trafo-soal-dan-pembahasan.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/3806906105666544591'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/3806906105666544591'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2020/05/transformator-trafo-soal-dan-pembahasan.html' title='TRANSFORMATOR (TRAFO): SOAL DAN PEMBAHASAN'/><author><name>anak medan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16672862772445386879</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3B2yPTZKHcH5MyZlt934h48cYZ2UCEqJYJXGxTLSpTapvDjK9_L_YHZcRKWZ_feB1jXEO7B78g6sfcAfUqvg2oycqpVsqF3ZqzJLl2Ddc90KBpEFxLg3JHLmD20rWzhP5-zgwfGhmHfg/s72-c/Transformator.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total><georss:featurename>Indonesia</georss:featurename><georss:point>-0.789275 113.92132700000002</georss:point><georss:box>-31.6684965 72.61273300000002 30.0899465 155.22992100000002</georss:box></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1686458996561451855.post-1295250133054927010</id><published>2023-11-14T23:39:00.002+07:00</published><updated>2023-11-14T23:39:33.341+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Geografi"/><title type='text'>Daftar Lengkap Nama Negara dan Ibukota di Benua Eropa </title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX_je87IPs26i93p-CSz1eo2z-c97Bdd2u1yPVfga3Hq4cOXBd6vE1YzRKFesZ3p5DZZqCWn7WaNORZNBLoyQ_MPok2gl_FNmUm007Mf-vr9T8ZHrz22ago_1SvTQ-HaIwBH9B0gvco-0J/s1600/nama-negara-di-benua-eropa.gif&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Daftar Lengkap Nama Negara dan Ibukota di Benua Eropa &quot; border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;642&quot; data-original-width=&quot;728&quot; height=&quot;563&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX_je87IPs26i93p-CSz1eo2z-c97Bdd2u1yPVfga3Hq4cOXBd6vE1YzRKFesZ3p5DZZqCWn7WaNORZNBLoyQ_MPok2gl_FNmUm007Mf-vr9T8ZHrz22ago_1SvTQ-HaIwBH9B0gvco-0J/s640/nama-negara-di-benua-eropa.gif&quot; title=&quot;Daftar Nama Negara dan Ibukota di Benua Eropa &quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Daftar Lengkap Nama 57 Negara di Benua Eropa (image by worldatlas.com)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;Daftar Lengkap Nama Negara di Benua Eropa. Seperti kita ketahui bahwa Benua Eropa adalah benua terbesar kedua di dunia. Benua eropa sendiri menjadi 5 bagian yaitu Eropa Timur, Eropa Barat, Eropa Tengah, Eropa Selatan dan Eropa Utara. Tentu saja benua eropa ini banyak menjadi tujuan pariwisata karena banyak negara-negara maju yang mempunyai Ibukota terkenal di Benua Eropa.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Daftar Nama Negara di Benua Eropa&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Berikut adalah daftar lengkap nama-nama negara yang berada di Benua Eropa disertai dengan Ibukotanya :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h4&gt;1. Pada negara Eropa bagian barat terdapat 15 Negara. Berikut adalah daftar nama negara di wilayah Eropa Bagian Barat :&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Negara Swiss Ibukotanya Bern&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Negara Belanda Ibukotanya Amsterdam&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Negara Andorra Ibukotanya Andorra la Vella&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Belgia Ibukotanya Brussel&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Irlandia Ibukotanya Dublin&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Pulau Man Ibukotanya Douglas&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Portugal Ibukotanya Lisabon&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Spanyol Ibukotanya Madrid&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Inggris Ibukotanya London&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Gibraltar Ibukotanya Gibraltar&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Perancis Ibukotanya Paris&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Luksemburg Ibukotanya Luksemburg&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Jersey Ibukotanya Saint Helier&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Monaco Ibukotanya Monaco&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Guernsey Ibukotanya St. Peter Port&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;h4&gt;2. Berikut adalah daftar 7 nama negara yang berada di wilayah Eropa Bagian Tengah :&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Hongaria Ibukotanya Budapest&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Jerman Ibukotanya Berlin&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Slovakia Ibukotanya Bratislava&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Austria Ibukotanya Wina&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Polandia Ibukotanya Warsawa&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ceko Ibukotanya Praha&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Slovenia Ibukotanya Ljubljana&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;h4&gt;&amp;nbsp;3. Inilah daftar 10 nama negara yang berada di Eropa Bagian Timut :&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Rusia Ibukotanya Moskow&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Rumania Ibukotanya Bukares&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Azebaijan Ibukotanya Baku&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ukraina Ibukotanya Kiev&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Moldova Ibukotanya Kishinev&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Kazakhstan Ibukotanya Astana&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Bulgaria Ibukotanya adalah Sofia&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Belarusia Ibukotanya Minsk&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Georgia Ibukotanya Tbilisi&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Armenia Ibukotanya Yerevan&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;h4&gt;4. Berikut adalah Daftar 11 Nama Negara di Eropa Wilayah Utara :&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Denmark Ibukotanya Kopenhagen&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Finlandia Ibukotanya Helsinki&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Norwegia Ibukotanya Oslo&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Aland Ibukotanya Mariehamn&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Latvia Ibukotanya Riga&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Islandia Ibukotanya Reykjavik&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Estonia Ibukotanya Tallinn&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Swedia Ibukotanya Stockholm&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Lituania Ibukotanya Vilnius&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Svalbard dan Jan Mayjen Ibukotanya Longyearbyen.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Kepulauan Faroe Ibukotanya Torshavn&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;h4&gt;5. Berikut adalah Daftar 14 Nama Negara di Eropa Wilayah Selatan :&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Italia Ibukotanya Roma&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Yunani Ibukotanya&amp;nbsp;Athena&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Montenegro Ibukotanya Podgorica&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Turki Ibukotanya Ankara&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Serbia Ibukotanya Beograd&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Siprus Ibukotanya Nikosia&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Kroasia Ibukotanya Zagreb&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;San Marino Ibukotanya San Marino&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Kosovo Ibukotanya Pristina&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Bosnia Herzegovina Ibukotanya Sarajevo&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Albania Ibukotanya Tirana&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Vatikan Ibukotanya Vatican City&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Macedonia Ibukotanya Skopje&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Malta Ibukotanya Valletta&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;Jadi berapakah jumlah negara di benua eropa seluruhnya ? Di Benua Eropa terdapat kurang lebih 57 negara yang patut kalian ketahui. Itulah penjelasan singkat nama-nama negara yang terdapat di Benua Eropa. Baca juga :&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://downloadsoalmatfiskim.blogspot.com/2014/07/konstanta-dan-konversi-satuan-dalam-fisika.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Konstanta dan Konversi Satuan dalam Fisika&lt;/a&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/feeds/1295250133054927010/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2020/05/daftar-lengkap-nama-negara-dan-ibukota.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/1295250133054927010'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/1295250133054927010'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2020/05/daftar-lengkap-nama-negara-dan-ibukota.html' title='Daftar Lengkap Nama Negara dan Ibukota di Benua Eropa '/><author><name>anak medan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16672862772445386879</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX_je87IPs26i93p-CSz1eo2z-c97Bdd2u1yPVfga3Hq4cOXBd6vE1YzRKFesZ3p5DZZqCWn7WaNORZNBLoyQ_MPok2gl_FNmUm007Mf-vr9T8ZHrz22ago_1SvTQ-HaIwBH9B0gvco-0J/s72-c/nama-negara-di-benua-eropa.gif" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1686458996561451855.post-1401612649349792589</id><published>2023-11-14T23:39:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2023-11-14T23:39:27.856+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pendidikan"/><title type='text'>Daftar Nama Universitas di Jakarta Lengkap</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYMm3MfkH0K9uj-8BaEptuGm6lAEgXW1ym_9CKFx4Hu3MMrBpsvVxxwFC7BBZ19By1zWpH3FanxxB0tQb-i5uwsU6ruPD2EKBi-j4MqL3kPqoMUmfTXRu9m8h5Hvo4C8Nszxpc7wVLj5yd/s1600/nama-universitas-di-jakarta.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Daftar Nama Universitas di Jakarta Lengkap&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;426&quot; data-original-width=&quot;640&quot; height=&quot;426&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYMm3MfkH0K9uj-8BaEptuGm6lAEgXW1ym_9CKFx4Hu3MMrBpsvVxxwFC7BBZ19By1zWpH3FanxxB0tQb-i5uwsU6ruPD2EKBi-j4MqL3kPqoMUmfTXRu9m8h5Hvo4C8Nszxpc7wVLj5yd/s640/nama-universitas-di-jakarta.jpg&quot; title=&quot;Nama Universitas &quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Seperti kita ketahui bahwa Jenis Perguruan Tinggi seperti Universitas merupakan suatu institusi pendidikan tinggi yang memberikan gelar akademik kepada mahasiswanya dalam berbagai bidang ilmu pendidikan. Pada dasarnya universitas akan menyelenggarakan pendidikan Sarjana dan Pascasarjana. Didalam universitas sendiri terdapat fakultas-fakultas dengan jurusan tertentu sebagai bagian dari Universitas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Nama Universitas di Jakarta&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Dibandingkan dengan jenis perguruan tinggi lainnya, universitas adalah penyelenggara pendidikan tingkat tinggi yang paling terkenal di Indonesia dibandingkan dengan 4 jenis perguruan tinggi lainnya. Berikut adalah daftar nama universitas yang berada di wilayah DKI Jakarta lengkap dengan alamat sesuai abjad :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta (UNTAG)&lt;/b&gt; alamat&amp;nbsp;Jalan Sunter Permai Raya No.36, RT.5/RW.18, Papanggo, Tanjung Priok, RT.11/RW.6, Sunter Agung, Tj. Priok, Kota Jkt Utara, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 14350&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Al Azhar Indonesia (UAI)&lt;/b&gt; alamat Kompleks Masjid Agung Al Azhar, Jl. Sisingamangaraja, Kebayoran Baru, RT.2/RW.1, Selong, Kby. Baru, Kota Jakarta Selatan, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 12110&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Azzahra&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jalan Jatinegara Barat No.144, RT.10/RW.1, Kampung Melayu, RT.10/RW.1, Jatinegara Barat, RT.10/RW.1, Bidara Cina, Jatinegara, Kota Jakarta Timur, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 13320&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Bakrie (UB)&lt;/b&gt; alamat Kampus Kuningan Kawasan Rasuna Epicentrum, Jl. H.R.Rasuna Said Kav. C-22, RT.2/RW.5, Karet Kuningan, Kota Jakarta Selatan, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 12940&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Bhayangkara Jaya (UBHARA JAYA)&lt;/b&gt; alamat Kebayoran Baru, Jl. Darmawangsa 1 No.1, RT.2/RW.1, Pulo, Kby. Baru, Kota Jakarta Selatan, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 12140&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Bina Nusantara (UBINUS)&lt;/b&gt; alamat Kemanggisan, Jl. Kh. Syahdan No.9, RT.6/RW.12, Palmerah, Kota Jakarta Barat, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 11480&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Borobudur &lt;/b&gt;alamat&amp;nbsp;Jalan Kalimalang No. 1, Cipinang Melayu, Makasar, RT.9/RW.4, Cipinang Melayu, Makasar, Kota Jakarta Timur, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 13620&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Budi Luhur (UBL)&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jalan Ciledug Raya, Petukangan Utara, Pesanggrahan, RT.10/RW.2, Petukangan Utara, Pesanggrahan, Kota Jakarta Selatan, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 12260&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Bunda Mulia (UBM)&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jalan Lodan Raya No. 2, Ancol, Pademangan, RT.12/RW.2, Ancol, Pademangan, Kota Jkt Utara, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 14430&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Bung Karno (UBK)&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jalan Pegangsaan Timur No.17A, Pegangsaan, Menteng, RT.1/RW.1, Pegangsaan, Menteng, Kota Jakarta Pusat, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 10320&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Darma Persada (UNSADA)&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jalan Radin Inten II, Pondok Kelapa, Duren Sawit, RT.8/RW.6, Pd. Klp., Duren Sawit, Kota Jakarta Timur, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 13450&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Gunadarma (UG)&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jl. Anyelir No.23, Pasir Gn. Sel., Cimanggis, Kota Depok, Jawa Barat 16451&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Ibnu Chaldun (UIC)&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jl. Pemuda I Kav. 97, Rawamangun, RT.5/RW.2, Rawamangun, Jakarta Timur, Kota Jakarta Timur, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 13220&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Esa Unggul (UEU)&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jl. Arjuna Utara No.9, RT.6/RW.2, Duri Kepa, Kb. Jeruk, Kota Jakarta Barat, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 11510&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Indraprasta PGRI (UNINDRA)&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jl. Nangka No. 58 C, Tanjung Barat, Jagakarsa, RT.5/RW.5, Jakarta Selatan, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 12530&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Islam As-Syafiiyah&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jalan Jatiwaringin Raya No.12, Pondokgede, Jaticempaka, Pondokgede, Kota Bks, Jawa Barat 17411&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Islam Attahiriyah (UNIAT)&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jl. Kp. Melayu Kecil III No.56, RT.5/RW.9, Bukit Duri, Tebet, Kota Jakarta Selatan, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 12840&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Islam Jakarta (UID)&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jl. Balai Rakyat Utan Kayu No.64, RT.8/RW.10, Utan Kayu Utara, Matraman, Kota Jakarta Timur, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 13120&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Negeri Jakarta (UNJ)&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jl. Rawamangun Muka, RT.11/RW.14, Rawamangun, RT.11/RW.14, Rawamangun, Kota Jakarta Timur, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 13220&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Islam Al-Majid&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jl. Balai Rakyat Utan Kayu No.64, RT.8/RW.10, Utan Kayu Utara, Matraman, Kota Jakarta Timur, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 13120&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Jayabaya&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jl. Pulomas Selatan Kav. 23, Pulo Mas Selatan, Pulo Gadung, RT.4/RW.9, Kayu PutihHide, RT.4/RW.9, Kayu Putih, Kota Jakarta Timur, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 13210&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya Jakarta&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jl. Jend. Sudirman No.51, RT.5/RW.4, Karet Semanggi, Setia Budi, Kota Jakarta Selatan, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 12930&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Kejuangan 45 Jakarta&lt;/b&gt; alamat JL. Dewi Sartika, No. 307-308, Jakarta, RT.9/RW.4, Cawang, Kramatjati, East Jakarta City, Jakarta 13630&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Krisnadwipayana (UKRIS)&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jalan Raya Jatiwaringin, RT. 03 / RW. 04, Jatiwaringin, Pondok Gede, Jaticempaka, Pondokgede, Kota Bks, Jawa Barat 13077&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Kristen Indonesia (UKI)&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jalan Mayjen Sutoyo No. 2, RT.5/RW.11, Cawang, Kramatjati, RT.5/RW.11, Cawang, Kramatjati, Kota Jakarta Timur, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 13630&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana (UKRIDA)&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jl. Tanjung Duren Raya No.4, RT.12/RW.2, Tj. Duren Utara, Grogol petamburan, Kota Jakarta Barat, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 11470&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Mercu Buana (UMB)&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jalan Meruya Selatan No.1, Joglo, Kembangan, Jakarta Barat, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 11650&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Mpu Tantular (UMT)&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jalan Cipinang Besar No.2, RT.1/RW.1, Cipinang Besar Selatan, Jatinegara, RT.1/RW.1, Cipinang Besar Sel., Jatinegara, Kota Jakarta Timur, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 13410&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta (UMJ)&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jl. KH. Ahmad Dahlan, Cireundeu, Ciputat, Cireundeu, Ciputat Tim., Tangerang, Banten 15419&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. HAMKA (UHAMKA)&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jalan Limau 2, RT.3/RW.3, Kramat Pela, Kebayoran Baru, RT.3/RW.3, Kramat Pela, Kby. Baru, Kota Jakarta Selatan, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 12130&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Nasional (UNAS)&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jalan Sawo Manila, Pejaten Barat, Pasar Minggu, RT.14/RW.3, RT.14/RW.3, Ps. Minggu, Kota Jakarta Selatan, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 12520&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Pancasila (UP)&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jalan Raya Lenteng Agung Timur No.56-80, Srengseng Sawah, Jagakarsa, RT.1/RW.3, Srengseng Sawah, Jagakarsa, Kota Jakarta Selatan, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 12630&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Paramadina (UPM)&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jalan Gatot Subroto Kav. 96-97, Mampang Prapatan, RT.4/RW.4, Mampang Prpt., Kota Jakarta Selatan, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 12790&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Pelita Harapan (UPH)&lt;/b&gt; alamat Lippo Vilage, Karawaci, Jl. M.H Thamrin No.1100, Klp. Dua, Kota Tangerang, Banten 15811&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Pembangunan Jaya (UPJ)&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jalan Cendrawasih Blok B7/P, Sawah Baru, Ciputat, Sawah Baru, Ciputat, Kota Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15413&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Persada Indonesia Yayasan Administrasi Indonesia (UPI Y.A.I)&lt;/b&gt; alamat&amp;nbsp;Jalan Pangeran Diponegoro No.74, RT.2/RW.6, Kenari, Senen, RT.2/RW.6, Kenari, Senen, Kota Jakarta Pusat, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 10430&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Prof Dr Moestopo (Beragama) (UPDM)&lt;/b&gt; alamat&amp;nbsp;Jl. Hang Lekir I No.8, RT.1/RW.3, Grogol Sel., Kby. Lama, Kota Jakarta Pusat, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 10270&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Respati Indonesia (URINDO)&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jl. Bambu Wulung No.3, RT.1/RW.5, Bambu Apus, Cipayung, Kota Jakarta Timur, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 13890&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Sahid (USAHID)&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jalan Prof. DR. Soepomo No.84, Menteng Dalam, Tebet, RT.7/RW.1, Jakarta Selatan, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 12870&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Satya Negara Indonesia (USNI)&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jalan Arteri Pondok Indah No.11, Kebayoran Lama Utara, Kebayoran Lama, RT.4/RW.2, Kby. Lama Utara, Kby. Lama, Kota Jakarta Selatan, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 12240&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Satyagama (USG)&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jl. Kamal 2-A Tegal Alur Kalideres Jakarta Barat DKI Jakarta, RT.6/RW.1, Kamal, Kalideres, Kota Jakarta Barat, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 11810&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Surapati&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jl. Dewi Sartika No.184A, RT.5/RW.12, Cawang, Kramatjati, Kota Jakarta Timur, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 13630&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Suryadarma (UNSURYA)&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jl. Halim Perdana Kusuma, RT.1/RW.9, Halim Perdana Kusumah, Makasar, Kota Jakarta Timur, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 13610&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Tama Jagakarsa (UTJ) &lt;/b&gt;alamat Jalan Letjen TB. Simatupang No. 152, Tanjung Barat, Jagakarsa, RT.10/RW.4, Tj. Bar., Jagakarsa, Kota Jakarta Selatan, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 12530&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Tanri Abeng (TAU)&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jl. Swadarma Raya No.58, Ulujami, Pesanggrahan, Kota Jakarta Selatan, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 12250&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Tarumanagara (UNTAR)&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jalan Letjen S. Parman No. 1, Tomang, Grogol petamburan, RT.6/RW.16, Tomang, Grogol petamburan, Kota Jakarta Barat, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 11440&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Timbul Nusantara (UTIRTA-IBEK)&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jalan Mandala Utara No.33-34, Grogol Petamburan, RT.7/RW.7, Tomang, Grogol petamburan, Kota Jakarta Barat, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 11440&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Trisakti &lt;/b&gt;alamat Jl. Kyai Tapa No.1, RT.6/RW.16, Tomang, Grogol petamburan, Kota Jakarta Barat, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 11440&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universitas Wiraswasta Indonesia&lt;/b&gt; alamat Jalan Jendral Basuki Rahmat No.19-20, Cipinang Muara, Jatinegara, RT.12/RW.1, Bali Mester, Jatinegara, Kota Jakarta Timur, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 13420&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;Untuk mencari Nama Universitas lainnya silahkan googling !!&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Demikian daftar nama universitas yang berada di wilayah DKI Jakarta, alamat bisa bertambah karena terdapat kampus yang memiliki beberapa fakultas dengan lokasi kampus yang berbeda. Jika ada yang kurang dan mau ditambahkan silahkan dikolom komentar.&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/feeds/1401612649349792589/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2020/05/daftar-nama-universitas-di-jakarta.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/1401612649349792589'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/1401612649349792589'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2020/05/daftar-nama-universitas-di-jakarta.html' title='Daftar Nama Universitas di Jakarta Lengkap'/><author><name>anak medan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16672862772445386879</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYMm3MfkH0K9uj-8BaEptuGm6lAEgXW1ym_9CKFx4Hu3MMrBpsvVxxwFC7BBZ19By1zWpH3FanxxB0tQb-i5uwsU6ruPD2EKBi-j4MqL3kPqoMUmfTXRu9m8h5Hvo4C8Nszxpc7wVLj5yd/s72-c/nama-universitas-di-jakarta.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1686458996561451855.post-4495366858883574436</id><published>2023-11-14T23:39:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2023-11-14T23:39:07.611+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="lagu batak"/><title type='text'>Lirik Lagu Unang Be dan Artinya - Arghado Trio</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Unang Be&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Voc: Arghado Trio&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Cipt: Abidin Simamora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheAkwmCOAwncroHHDnbOZSCS17yT_5cCQmDRow_tfBX6S9kpiP0feNODLUQdiL1qYOfQ-zPLl2xPpCJk0Omon_DuLzMLderNMb1LwVnV_QJekXdsQJxGGbUbYpyD-auSQ9C7L8IfiMm44/s1600/arghado+trio1.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;371&quot; data-original-width=&quot;640&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheAkwmCOAwncroHHDnbOZSCS17yT_5cCQmDRow_tfBX6S9kpiP0feNODLUQdiL1qYOfQ-zPLl2xPpCJk0Omon_DuLzMLderNMb1LwVnV_QJekXdsQJxGGbUbYpyD-auSQ9C7L8IfiMm44/s1600/arghado+trio1.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Arghado Trio.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;Dang na alani jais rohakku&lt;br /&gt;Dang alani takkang ni rohakki&lt;br /&gt;Alai ho da ito na mamukka i sude&lt;br /&gt;Gabe paturtar do tongtong rohatta i&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;(Bukan karena aku tak peduli&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Bukan karena hatiku bebal&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Tapi kaulah yang memulai semuanya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Hati kita selalu gaduh)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sai dibahen ho lomo-lomom&lt;br /&gt;Dang ditangihon ho be hatakki&lt;br /&gt;Ai sibolis do ito na maringan di roham&lt;br /&gt;Ai holan bada do dipukka ho tu au&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;(Kau selalu bersikap sesukamu&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Tak lagi kau dengarkan kata-kataku&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Iblis selalu merasuki hatimu&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Kau selalu membuat pertengkaran)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hasian unang ho songoni&lt;br /&gt;Dame ma boan tu rohakku&lt;br /&gt;Sae ma i akka na masa i&lt;br /&gt;Unang be ulahi mambahen hansit rohakku&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;(Sayang, kau jangan seperti itu&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Bawalah damai ke hatiku&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Yang lalu biarlah berlalu&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Jangan kau ulangi lagi menyakitiku)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;***&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/feeds/4495366858883574436/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2019/11/lirik-lagu-unang-be-dan-artinya-arghado.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/4495366858883574436'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/4495366858883574436'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2019/11/lirik-lagu-unang-be-dan-artinya-arghado.html' title='Lirik Lagu Unang Be dan Artinya - Arghado Trio'/><author><name>anak medan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16672862772445386879</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheAkwmCOAwncroHHDnbOZSCS17yT_5cCQmDRow_tfBX6S9kpiP0feNODLUQdiL1qYOfQ-zPLl2xPpCJk0Omon_DuLzMLderNMb1LwVnV_QJekXdsQJxGGbUbYpyD-auSQ9C7L8IfiMm44/s72-c/arghado+trio1.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1686458996561451855.post-8516137642450753499</id><published>2023-11-14T23:38:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2023-11-14T23:38:56.964+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="budaya"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Pers"/><title type='text'>Jenis-jenis Fiksi Beserta Contohnya</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fiksi atau teks fiksi merupakan karya sastra yang berisi cerita rekaan, atau kisah berdasarkan angan-angan (imajinasi) seorang pengarang atau penulis. Jadi fiksi bukan berdasarkan kejadian nyata, hanya berdasarkan imajinasi atau khayalan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqVH8xdZhv0nUQ4Lgkn9vKl-qOTh1Xla3kwGNZdpe_gX28N_464zKD2RCeoG2BfTkNU05dXRnjUDCYRQ-djb0huYoLjm68lGBtZC9tgIFVgvzmvLT3UgHjjdrZVr7imsof45r5036ARf8/s1600/fiksi.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;352&quot; data-original-width=&quot;640&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqVH8xdZhv0nUQ4Lgkn9vKl-qOTh1Xla3kwGNZdpe_gX28N_464zKD2RCeoG2BfTkNU05dXRnjUDCYRQ-djb0huYoLjm68lGBtZC9tgIFVgvzmvLT3UgHjjdrZVr7imsof45r5036ARf8/s1600/fiksi.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Ilustrasi.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;Cerita fiksi biasanya berdasarkan sejarah, kejadian atau pengalaman hidup sang penulis atau orang lain yang dibumbui dengan imajinasi-imajinasi dari penulisanya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Berikut jenis-jenis fiksi:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;1. Novel&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, yaitu suatu karangan fiksi yang menceritakan seorang tokoh utama dengan pro dan kontra di dalam ceritanya, mulai dari awal hingga akhir novel yang memiliki klimaks atau ending.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;2. Cerita pendek (cerpen)&lt;/i&gt;,&lt;/b&gt; yaitu suatu karang fiksi yang isinya jauh lebih sedikit ketimbang roman maupun novel. Akan tetapi, cerpen memiliki daya tarik tersendiri karena bisa menjadi pembelajaran awal bagi para penulis dalam membuat sebuah karya tulisan. Karya&amp;nbsp; sastra ini terdiri 2,000 kata namun diatas 7,500 kata. Batasan antara cerita pendek yang panjang dengan novel tidak begitu jelas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;3. Fabel&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, yaitu cerita fiksi yang menceritakan kehidupan hewan yang berperilaku menyerupai manusia. Legenda, yaitu cerita prosa rakyat yang dianggap oleh yang mempunyai cerita sebagai sesuatu yang benar-benar terjadi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;4. Roman,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; yaitu suatu karya fiksi yang menceritakan mengenai beberapa tokoh dalam alur ceritanya. Roman mengandung banyak hikmah dalam ceritanya dan cenderung mengarah pada cerita klasik.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;5. Mitos atau mite&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, yaitu bagian dari suatu folklor yang berupa kisah berlatar masa lampau, mengandung penafsiran tentang alam semesta, serta dianggap benar-benar terjadi oleh yang empunya cerita atau penganutnya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;6. Dongeng&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, yaitu bentuk sastra lama yang bercerita tentang suatu kejadian yang luar biasa yang penuh khayalan (fiksi) yang dianggap oleh masyarakat suatu hal yang tidak benar-benar terjadi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;7. Epik atau epos&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; atau disebut juga wiracerita adalah sejenis karya sastra tradisional yang menceritakan kisah kepahlawanan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;8. Puisi naratif,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; yaitu puisi yang mengungkapkan cerita atau penjelasan penyair.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;9. Sandiwara &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;(termasuk opera, teater musikal, drama, permainan boneka, dan berbagai jenis tarian teatrikal).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Selain itu, fiksi juga dapat mencakup buku komik, dan berbagai kartun animasi, stop motion, anime, manga, film, permainan video, program radio, program televisi (komedi dan drama), dan lain sebagainya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Contoh-contoh Fiksi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;- Contoh Fiksi Novel&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Karya sastra dalam bentuk Novel ada banyak sekali saat ini dan mudah kita temukan di toko buku. Beberapa contoh novel diantaranya:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Dilan 1990&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Siti Nurbaya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Tenggelamnya Kapal Vander Wick&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Ketika Cinta Bertasbih&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Contoh Fiksi Cerpen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Contoh cerita pendek (cerpen) sering ditemukan di media cetak Indonesia, misalnya koran dan majalah. Berikut beberapa judul cerpen diantaranya:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Oh Mama Oh Papa&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Cinta Tak Kunjung Tiba&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Contoh Fiksi Roman&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Karya sastra berbentuk roman sangat banyak, seperti roman petualangan, roman psikologis, roman percintaan, dan lain-lain. Beberapa contoh karya sastra berbentuk roman, diantaranya yaitu:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Katak Hendak Jadi Lembu (Roman Psikologi)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Gadis Empat Zaman (Roman Percintaan)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Si Dul Anak Jakarta (Roman Anak dan Remaja)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Neraka Dunia (Roman Pendidikan)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Mencari Pencuri Anak Perawan (Roman Kriminal dan Detektif)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;***&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/feeds/8516137642450753499/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2019/09/jenis-jenis-fiksi-beserta-contohnya.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/8516137642450753499'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/8516137642450753499'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2019/09/jenis-jenis-fiksi-beserta-contohnya.html' title='Jenis-jenis Fiksi Beserta Contohnya'/><author><name>anak medan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16672862772445386879</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqVH8xdZhv0nUQ4Lgkn9vKl-qOTh1Xla3kwGNZdpe_gX28N_464zKD2RCeoG2BfTkNU05dXRnjUDCYRQ-djb0huYoLjm68lGBtZC9tgIFVgvzmvLT3UgHjjdrZVr7imsof45r5036ARf8/s72-c/fiksi.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1686458996561451855.post-1179214920338304892</id><published>2023-11-14T23:38:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2023-11-14T23:38:50.927+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="resep"/><title type='text'>Resep dan Cara Membuat Kepiting Asam Manis</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;KEPITING ASAM MANIS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUv5vPiWfIqxRR-syOtz-yBuPpVkvuYv9x2sQsUPi_DgnXe38rsa17UFIXEMjx-MNaifOz_031EtkK0FsA9RvQUP3ex9Vh1ZojssKud6Uhd7adyetwPtkUlZm8E8_4Of9gsXCVRrST-sY/s1600/kepiting+asam+manis.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;420&quot; data-original-width=&quot;640&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUv5vPiWfIqxRR-syOtz-yBuPpVkvuYv9x2sQsUPi_DgnXe38rsa17UFIXEMjx-MNaifOz_031EtkK0FsA9RvQUP3ex9Vh1ZojssKud6Uhd7adyetwPtkUlZm8E8_4Of9gsXCVRrST-sY/s1600/kepiting+asam+manis.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Kepiting asam manis.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Bahan:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;- 1 Kg kepiting&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;- 500 ml air panas&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;- 1/2 butir bawang bombay ( cincang halus)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;- 100 ml saus tomat&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;- 2 sdm air jeruk nipis&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;- 1 sdm saus cabe&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;- 2 batang daun bawang&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;- 1 butir telur ayam ( Dikocok lepas)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;- 1 sdt bubuk kaldu ayam&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;- 1 1/2 garam&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;- 1/4 sdt merica bubuk&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;- 1 sdm maizena (dilarutkan dalam 2 sdm air dingin)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;- gula pasir&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Bumbu yang dihaluskan:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;- 3 siung bawang putih&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;- 2 cm jahe&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;- 2 buah cabe merah&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Cara membuat:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Bersihkan kepiting, belah secara membujur&lt;br /&gt;2. Haluskan semua bumbu&lt;br /&gt;3. Tumis bumbu halus dan bawang bombay dengan api besar&lt;br /&gt;4. Masukan kepiting, aduk hingga cangkang berubah warna&lt;br /&gt;5. Tambahkan air panas sampai cangkang masak.&lt;br /&gt;6. Tambahkan saus tomat, saus cabe, merica, kaldu bubuk, air jeruk nipis, garam dan gula. Aduk rata!&lt;br /&gt;7. Tambahkan larutan maizena, aduk hingga saus mengental&lt;br /&gt;8. Masukan telur kocok kedalam air rebusan kepiting. Aduk rata!&lt;br /&gt;9. Tambahkan garam, gula dan daun bawang.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;***&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/feeds/1179214920338304892/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2019/09/resep-dan-cara-membuat-kepiting-asam.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/1179214920338304892'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/1179214920338304892'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2019/09/resep-dan-cara-membuat-kepiting-asam.html' title='Resep dan Cara Membuat Kepiting Asam Manis'/><author><name>anak medan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16672862772445386879</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUv5vPiWfIqxRR-syOtz-yBuPpVkvuYv9x2sQsUPi_DgnXe38rsa17UFIXEMjx-MNaifOz_031EtkK0FsA9RvQUP3ex9Vh1ZojssKud6Uhd7adyetwPtkUlZm8E8_4Of9gsXCVRrST-sY/s72-c/kepiting+asam+manis.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1686458996561451855.post-5556849511607269962</id><published>2023-11-14T23:34:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2023-11-14T23:34:30.875+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="karir"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Tips"/><title type='text'>Bohong Saat Wawancara Kerja, Apakah Ketahuan?</title><content type='html'>Berbohong saat tes wawancara bukan hanya tak berguna, tapi juga bisa membuat Anda tidak diterima. Lebih bijaksana bila pertanyaan dijawab apa adanya, spontan, langsung ke pokok persoalan, tidak mengada-ada, tidak menggurui, dan sopan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/#&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;293&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijFSGrhTN92IGn8Nl_Qvc9JZviP8ZnJrM4JzVVSBTaxZCL4K0tdHOnz5EO3HoO44ksHSHmqDsJeJTxSS0UcrVb4POZDpWf3AR3cOTaiPP4-GoEMT_D4nxQLUQB9pOyihFJnJHdzM4Y5OA/w400-h293/Wawancara+dan+Tes+Psikologi.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Padahal tinggal wawancara lo, kok gagal. Dulu juga begitu, selalu kandas di tahap ini&quot;. Keluhan macam itu banyak kita dengar dari mereka yang tak lolos dalam wawancara psikologi untuk melamar kerja. Sebuah kenyataan yang menyesakkan, apalagi kebanyakan tahapan wawancara berada diakhir proses seleksi. Lolos di sini berarti si calon diterima di tempat kerja yang baru.&lt;/blockquote&gt;Wawancara psikologi punya banyak makna. Ada beberapa versi, salah satunya, menurut Bingham dan Moore, wawancara adalah &quot;... conversation directed to define purpose other than satisfaction in the conversation itself&quot;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Sedangkan menurut Weiner, &quot;The term interview has a history of usage going back for centuries. It was used normally to designate a face to face meeting of individual for a formal conference on some point.&quot;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dari kedua definisi itu didapatkan kondisi bahwa wawancara adalah pertemuan tatap muka, dengan menggunakan cara lisan, dan mempunyai tujuan tertentu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jangan dibayangkan wawancara itu sama dengan interogasi karena tujuan utamanya memang &quot;berbeda&quot;, meskipun sedikit serupa dalam hal menggali dan mencocokkan data. Yang pasti, cara yang dipergunakan dalam kedua hal itu berlainan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Interogasi lebih menekankan pada tercapainya tujuan, dengan berbagai cara dan akibat, baik secara halus maupun kasar. Posisi interogator lebih tinggi dan bebas daripada yang diinterogasi, serta lebih langsung.&lt;br /&gt;Baca juga:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.petunjukonlene.com/2019/10/soal-soal-psikotes-untuk-masuk-kerja.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Contoh Soal Psikotes Masuk Kerja&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bandingkan dengan wawancara psikologi, di mana kedudukan antara pewawancara dan yang diwawancarai relatif setara. Kondisinya pun berbeda, karena tidak ada penekanan serta tidak menggunakan kekuasaan. Bahkan dalam kondisi ekstrem, seorang calon karyawan yang diwawancarai bisa saja tidak menjawab, pewawancara pun tidak akan memaksa. Namun, hal itu tentu akan sangat mempengaruhi penilaian dalam pengambilan keputusan seorang psikolog.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Cocok berbobot&lt;/h2&gt;Wawancara dalam tes psikologi (psikotes) sebenarnya satu paket dengan tes tertulisnya. Tes ini bertujuan mencari orang yang cocok dan pas, baik dari tingkat kecerdasan, serta sifat dan kepribadian. Istilah kerennya mendapatkan &quot;the right man in the right place&quot;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dasar pemikiran lain kenapa perlu diadakan seleksi, yaitu adanya perbedaan potensi yang dimiliki setiap individu. Perbedaan itu akan menentukan pula perbedaan dalam pola pikir, tingkah laku, minat, serta pandangannya terhadap sesuatu. Kondisi itu juga akan berpengaruh terhadap hasil kerja. Bisa jadi suatu pekerjaan atau jabatan akan lebih berhasil bila dikerjakan oleh individu yang mempunyai bakat serta kemampuan seperti yang dituntut oleh persyaratan dari suatu pekerjaan atau jabatan itu sendiri.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ada beberapa tujuan spesifik dari wawancara psikologi. Pertama, observasi. Dalam hal ini calon kar-yawan dilihat dan dinilai. Mulai dari penampilan, sikap, cara menjawab pertanyaan, postur - terutama untuk pekerjaan yang memang membutuhkannya, seperti tentara, polisi, satpam, dan pramugari. Penilaian juga menyangkut bobot jawaban dan kelancaran dalam menjawab.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Demikian pula perilaku dan sikap-sikap yang akan muncul secara spontan bila berada dalam situasi yang baru dan mungkin menegangkan. Misalnya, mata berkedip-kedip atau memutar jari-jemari yang dilakukan tanpa sadar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dalam hal bobot jawaban, misalnya, si calon bisa dinilai apakah ia memberikan jawaban yang dangkal atau tidak, atau malah berbelit-belit. Jawaban berupa &quot;Ingin naik pesawat&quot; atau &quot;Ingin ke luar negeri&quot; merupakan contoh jawaban yang dinilai dangkal atas pertanyaan alasan menjadi pramugari.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sedangkan kelancaran dalam menjawab biasanya dinilai dari berapa lama waktu yang dibutuhkan oleh seorang calon karyawan untuk menjawab pertanyaan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dalam wawancara psikologi yang diperlukan sebenarnya jawaban spontan dan tidak mengada-ada. Misalnya, apabila ditanya alamat, sebut saja alamat kita. Tidak usah ditambah-tambahi atau malah berlagak sok pintar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tujuan berikutnya dalam tes wawancara adalah menggali data yang tidak didapatkan dari tes tertulis. Misalnya, apakah istri bekerja, anak bersekolah di mana, masih tinggal bersama orangtua atau tidak, serta apa judul skripsi dan berapa nilai yang didapat.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yang tidak kalah penting dalam mempengaruhi penilaian adalah kecocokan data. Benarkah data yang ditulis oleh sang calon?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Atas dasar itu seorang psikolog sering melontarkan pertanyaan untuk menilai tingkat pemahaman dan intelegensi si calon. Misalnya, calon mengaku berpendidikan S2, maka diajukan pertanyaan yang sesuai dengan tingkat pendidikan itu. Bila jawabannya kurang bermutu, dapat saja diambil kesimpulan bahwa calon memiliki intelegensi yang kurang atau dianggap tidak serius selama menjalani proses pendidikan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sering juga terjadi hasil tes tulis bagus, tapi hasil wawancaranya kurang meyakinkan. Hal ini bisa terjadi karena mungkin ia telah beberapa kali mengikuti psikotes atau pernah mengikuti bimbingan psikotes. Tes ulang dapat menjadi alat untuk mengatasi keraguan itu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dalam konteks di atas, tidaklah mungkin seorang calon membohongi psikolog. Riskan pula bila dia tidak menjawab dengan sebenarnya. Terbuka sudah kepribadiannya yang tidak jujur, padahal kejujuran merupakan prasyarat penting untuk perusahaan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pada wawancara untuk evaluasi karyawan atau promosi jabatan biasanya data curiculum vitae (CV) dari instansi atau perusahaan sudah diberikan semua dari Bagian Personalia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Manfaat lain wawancara adalah melengkapi data yang terlupakan atau tidak tertulis secara lengkap. Misalnya, sudah pernah mengalami psikotes atau belum. Kalau sudah, berapa kali? Untuk apa? Lulus atau tidak? Mungkin juga minat ataupun gaji yang diinginkan. Yang terakhir, manfaat wawancara yaitu untuk membuat keputusan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dari hasil pemeriksaan psikologi tertulis dan wawancara, dibuatlah kesimpulan, apakah calon ini memenuhi syarat seperti job description yang diberikan oleh perusahaan atau tidak.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Terkadang ada psikotes yang tidak menggunakan wawancara. Semua itu tergantung tujuan pemeriksaan, ketersediaan data yang mungkin sudah lengkap, serta tidak begitu mensyaratkan penampilan atau postur. Misalnya, bila yang diperlukan operator komputer, yang penting dia bisa komputer dan inteligensinya cukup.&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/feeds/5556849511607269962/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2021/08/bohong-saat-wawancara-kerja-apakah.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/5556849511607269962'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/5556849511607269962'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2021/08/bohong-saat-wawancara-kerja-apakah.html' title='Bohong Saat Wawancara Kerja, Apakah Ketahuan?'/><author><name>anak medan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16672862772445386879</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijFSGrhTN92IGn8Nl_Qvc9JZviP8ZnJrM4JzVVSBTaxZCL4K0tdHOnz5EO3HoO44ksHSHmqDsJeJTxSS0UcrVb4POZDpWf3AR3cOTaiPP4-GoEMT_D4nxQLUQB9pOyihFJnJHdzM4Y5OA/s72-w400-h293-c/Wawancara+dan+Tes+Psikologi.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1686458996561451855.post-8780319244905338530</id><published>2023-11-14T23:34:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2023-11-14T23:34:02.099+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Biologi"/><title type='text'>20 Soal Pilihan Ganda Keanekaragaman Hayati+ Pembahasan</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIYOuquf_12_vFOr6rOyREGY9Py12l5BJUuFdZSArP8WFMezly5jdpUXz0dvz8jluVz-FW3h42Cc9C66rNcDNdQbUmX2nI5m3A3CSK7nNe38X2bIqKBUbpuoGD9VDW9SrYm4CVz18Y8JY/s576/ibiologi-me-ckzink.jpg&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;20 Soal Pilihan Ganda Keanekaragaman Hayati+ Pembahasan&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;324&quot; data-original-width=&quot;576&quot; height=&quot;263&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIYOuquf_12_vFOr6rOyREGY9Py12l5BJUuFdZSArP8WFMezly5jdpUXz0dvz8jluVz-FW3h42Cc9C66rNcDNdQbUmX2nI5m3A3CSK7nNe38X2bIqKBUbpuoGD9VDW9SrYm4CVz18Y8JY/w468-h263/ibiologi-me-ckzink.jpg&quot; title=&quot;20 Soal Pilihan Ganda Keanekaragaman Hayati+ Pembahasan&quot; width=&quot;468&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;1.    Berikut ini yang merupakan contoh keanekaragaman hayati tingkat jenis yaitu ...&lt;/div&gt;a.   pohon kelapa – aren&lt;br /&gt;b.   kucing anggora – kucing persia&lt;br /&gt;c.   harimau sumatera – harimau jawa&lt;br /&gt;d.   ayam kampung – ayam negri&lt;br /&gt;e.   mawar putih – mawar merah&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jawab       : A&lt;br /&gt;Pembahasan       :&lt;br /&gt;Pohon kelapa dan aren termasuk keanekaragaman jenis, karena pohon kelapa dan aren terdapat perbedaan yang sangat jelas, namun keduanya tergolong dalam kelompok yang sama. Kucing angora-kucing Persia, harimau sumatera-harimau jawa, ayam kampung-ayam negri termasuk kedalam keanekaragaman tingkat gen. Keanekaragaman gen disebabkan adanya faktor gen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.    Keanekaragaman hayati tingkat gen dapat ditunjukkan pada tumbuhan berikut ...&lt;br /&gt;a.  mawar merah-mawar putih&lt;br /&gt;b.  mawar berbatang tinggi-melati berbatang tinggi&lt;br /&gt;c.   pohon kelapa hijau-pohon aren&lt;br /&gt;d.  tanaman sirih-nenas&lt;br /&gt;e.  buah mangga-buah belimbing&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jawab       : A&lt;br /&gt;Pembahasan       :&lt;br /&gt;Mawar merah dan mawar putih tergolong keanekaragaman tingkat gen. mawar merah dan mawar putih walaupun sama-sama mawar, tetapi keduanya memiliki warna bunga yang berbeda, yakni merah dan putih.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.    Hutan Bakau, sawah, kebun, sungai, terumbu karang, dan laut  merupakan contoh keanekaragaman hayati tingkat...&lt;br /&gt;a.   gen&lt;br /&gt;b.   spesies&lt;br /&gt;c.   ekosistem&lt;br /&gt;d.   populasi&lt;br /&gt;e.   individu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jawab       : C&lt;br /&gt;Pembahasan       :&lt;br /&gt;Interaksi antara makhluk hidup dengan lingkungannya membentuk ekosistem. Dengan keanekaragamannya kondisi lingkungan dan keanekaragaman hayati, maka terbentuklah keanekaragaman ekosistem. Hutan bakau, sawah, kebun, sungai, dan laut termasuk contoh ekosistem. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.    Berikut ini adalah &lt;a href=&quot;https://mabelakita.blogspot.com/2017/07/aktifitas-manusia-dan-kaitannya-dengan.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;daerah-daerah yang termasuk kawasan Malesiana&lt;/a&gt;, kecuali...&lt;br /&gt;a.     Filipina&lt;br /&gt;b.     Indonesia&lt;br /&gt;c.      Semenanjung Malaya&lt;br /&gt;d.     Australia&lt;br /&gt;e.     Papua Nugini&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jawab       : D&lt;br /&gt;Pembahasan       :&lt;br /&gt;Flora indo-malaya meliputi tumbuhan yang hidup di wilayah India, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, dan Filipina. Flora yang tumbuh di Malaysia, Indonesia, dan Filipina biasa disebut sebagai kelompok flora malesiana. Papua Nugini tidak termasuk kedalam kawasan Malesiana.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5.  Berikut ini adalah suatu daerah dengan ciri-ciri:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-            Pohonnya homogen&lt;br /&gt;-            Daunnya bentuk jarum dan meranggas&lt;br /&gt;-            Di indonesia, terdapat di jawa&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Daerah tersebut adalah ...&lt;br /&gt;a.     stepa&lt;br /&gt;b.     sabana&lt;br /&gt;c.      hutan musim&lt;br /&gt;d.     hutan hujan tropis&lt;br /&gt;e. padang rumput&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jawab       : C&lt;br /&gt;Pembahasan       :&lt;br /&gt;Hutan musim memiliki ciri-ciri yaitu pohonnya jarang, ketinggian pohon biasanya antara dua belas sampai tiga puluh lima meter, pada musim kemarau daunnya berguguran dan pada musim penghujan daunnya pun bersemi. Jenis pohon homogeny, dan bentuk daunnya jarum serta meranggas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6.  Daerah hutan hujan tropis di Indonesia memiliki ciri-ciri/karakteristik berikut ...&lt;br /&gt;a.     hutan lebat dan homogen&lt;br /&gt;b.     banyak semak dan rumput&lt;br /&gt;c.      banyak pohon besar dan heterogen&lt;br /&gt;d.     didominasi tumbuhan kaktus&lt;br /&gt;e.     banyak pohon berukuran kecil&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jawab                   : C&lt;br /&gt;Pembahasan       :&lt;br /&gt;Ciri-ciri hutan hujan tropis diantaranya:&lt;br /&gt;(1)  terdapat banyak pohon berukuran besar, tinggi, dan lebat&lt;br /&gt;(2)  memiliki kelembapan yang tinggi&lt;br /&gt;(3)  memiliki vegetasi tanaman berlapis&lt;br /&gt;(4)  sinar matahari tidak mampu menjangkau dasar hutan&lt;br /&gt;(5)  jenis tumbuhan heterogen (banyak jenisnya)&lt;br /&gt;(6)  memiliki daya regenerasi tinggi&lt;br /&gt;(7)  terdapat genangan air di dasar hutan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7.  Ekosistem air laut dibagi menjadi beberapa macam zona mulai dari pantai hingga ke tengah laut. Zona dengan kedalaman kurang dari 200 m dan merupakan daerah dangkal, dapat ditembus cahaya matahari, dihuni oleh ganggang laut dan juga ikan, termasuk zona ...&lt;br /&gt;a.     litoral&lt;br /&gt;b.     neritik&lt;br /&gt;c.      batial&lt;br /&gt;d.     abisal&lt;br /&gt;e.     afotik&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jawab                   : B&lt;br /&gt;Pembahasan       :&lt;br /&gt;Ciri zona neritik adalah:&lt;br /&gt;(1)  merupakan daerah laut dangkal&lt;br /&gt;(2)  kedalaman kurang dari 200 m&lt;br /&gt;(3)  dapat ditembus cahaya matahari dan banyak dihuni ganggang laut dan ikan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Adapun ciri zona litoral adalah:&lt;br /&gt;(1)  merupakan daerah yang terendam pasang surut&lt;br /&gt;(2)  berbatasan dengan daratan dan banyak dihuni kelompok hewan seperti bintang laut, bulu babi, udang, kepiting, dan cacing laut.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ciri zona batial yaitu:&lt;br /&gt;(1)  kedalaman 200 – 2000 m dan keadaan remang-remang&lt;br /&gt;(2)  tidak terdapat produsen&lt;br /&gt;(3)  dihuni oleh nekton (organise aktif berenang) misalnya ikan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ciri zona abisal yaitu:&lt;br /&gt;(1)  merupakan daerah palung laut yang keadaannya gelap&lt;br /&gt;(2)  kedalaman mencapai lebih dari 2.000 m&lt;br /&gt;(3)  dihuni oleh hewan predator, detritivor, dan pengurai&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;8.  Ekosistem yang merupakan daerah tempat pencampuran air laut dengan air sungai dinamakan ...&lt;br /&gt;a.     ekosistem laut dalam&lt;br /&gt;b.     ekosistem terumbu karang&lt;br /&gt;c.      ekosistem estuari&lt;br /&gt;d.     ekosistem pantai pasir&lt;br /&gt;e.     ekosistem pantai batu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jawab                   : C&lt;br /&gt;Pembahasan       :&lt;br /&gt;Ekosistem estuari merupakan ekosistem perairan semi-tertutup yang memiliki badan air dengan hubungan terbuka antara perairan laut dan air tawar yang dibawa oleh sungai.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;9.  Berikut adalah ciri-ciri ekosistem darat:&lt;br /&gt;-            Terdapat di daerah antara subtropis dan kutub&lt;br /&gt;-            Jenis tumbuhan didominasi oleh tumbuhan daun jarum (konifer) yang tampak hijau&lt;br /&gt;-            Contoh tumbuhan yaitu spruce, birch, alder, juniper, dan cemara&lt;br /&gt;-            Jenis hewannya antara lain moose, ajak, beruang hitam, serangga, dan burung.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ciri-ciri yang dimaksud adalah ...&lt;br /&gt;a.     sabana&lt;br /&gt;b.     gurun&lt;br /&gt;c.      hutan gugur&lt;br /&gt;d.     taiga&lt;br /&gt;e.     tundra &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jawab                   : D&lt;br /&gt;Pembahasan :&lt;br /&gt;Taiga atau disebut hutan boreal terdapat di pegunungan beriklim dingin. Tumbuhan dominan berdaun jarum (konifer) yang tampak hijau sepanjang tahun, seperti spruce, birch, alder, juniper, dan cemara. Jenis hewannya antara lain moose, ajak, beruang hitam, lynx, serigala, serangga, dan burung.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;10.         Garis yang memisahkan jenis fauna (hewan) Indonesia bagian timur dengan bagian tengah adalah ...&lt;br /&gt;a.     garis Weber&lt;br /&gt;b.     garis Khatulistiwa&lt;br /&gt;c.      garis Wallace&lt;br /&gt;d.     garis lintang&lt;br /&gt;e.     garis bujur&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jawab                   : A&lt;br /&gt;Pembahasan       :&lt;br /&gt;Garis yang memisahkan jenis fauna bagian Timur dengan bagian Tengah yaitu garis Weber. Sedangkan garis Wallace garis yang memisahkan jenis fauna bagian Tengah dengan bagian Barat. Dengan adanya garis-garis ini, maka Indonesia dibagi menjadi tiga wilayah fauna, yaitu Oriental (Asiatis), Australis, dan Peralihan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;11.         Anoa dan komodo adalah fauna tipe ...&lt;br /&gt;a.     Asiatis/oriental&lt;br /&gt;b.     Peralihan&lt;br /&gt;c.      Australis&lt;br /&gt;d.     Indonesia bagian barat&lt;br /&gt;e.     Indonesia bagian timur&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jawab                   : B&lt;br /&gt;Pembahasan       :&lt;br /&gt;Anoa dan komodo termasuk wilayah fauna Peralihan. Komodo terletak di pulau Komodo, Nusa Tenggara.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;12.         Berikut ini yang termasuk fauna tipe Australis adalah ...&lt;br /&gt;a.     anoa, komodo, kuskus&lt;br /&gt;b.     gajah, badak bercula satu, burung merak&lt;br /&gt;c.      kangguru, cendrawasih, burung kasuari&lt;br /&gt;d.     anoa, gajah, badak jawa&lt;br /&gt;e.     komodo, babirusa, beruang&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jawab                   : C&lt;br /&gt;Pembahasan       :&lt;br /&gt;Kangguru, cendrawasih, dan burung kasuari termasuk fauna tipe Australis. Ciri fauna Australis diantaranya yaitu: terdapat banyak mamalia berukuran kecil, terdapat hewan berkantung, jenis burung memiliki warna bulu yang indah namun memiliki suara yang kurang bagus.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;13.         Dibawah ini merupakan penyebab hilang atau menurunnya keanekaragaman hayati, kecuali ...&lt;br /&gt;a.     perubahan iklim global&lt;br /&gt;b.     pencemaran tanah dan air&lt;br /&gt;c.      keseimbangan lingkungan&lt;br /&gt;d.     introduksi spesies&lt;br /&gt;e.     fragmentasi dan hilangnya habitat&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jawab                   : C&lt;br /&gt;Pembahasan       :&lt;br /&gt;Kesimbangan bukan merupakan penyebab hilangnya keanekaragaman hayati, justru keseimbangan lingkungan diperlukan agar tetap stabil.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;14.         Berikut ini adalah aktivitas manusia yang dapat menyebabkan punahnya hewan atau tumbuhan, kecuali ...&lt;br /&gt;a.  membangun tempat tinggal baru dalam hutan&lt;br /&gt;b.  memburu hewan langka&lt;br /&gt;c.   membuat cagar alam&lt;br /&gt;d.  perluasan lahan pertanian&lt;br /&gt;e.  pertambangan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jawab                   : C&lt;br /&gt;Pembahasan       :&lt;br /&gt;Membuat cagar alam bukan merupakan aktivitas yang dapat menyebabkan punahnya hewan atau tumbuhan. Membuat cagar alam termasuk kedalam konservasi atau perlindungan hewan atau tumbuhan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;15.         Salah satu upaya menjaga keanekaragaman hayati adalah ...&lt;br /&gt;a.  penanaman secara monokultur&lt;br /&gt;b.  membuang limbah rumahtangga ke sungai&lt;br /&gt;c.   perburuan hewan&lt;br /&gt;d.  menangkap ikan menggunakan peledak&lt;br /&gt;e.  pelestarian hewan secara in situ dan eksitu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jawab                   : E&lt;br /&gt;Pembahasan       :&lt;br /&gt;Salah satu usaha untuk menjaga keanekaragaman hayati yaitu dengan konservasi atau perlindungan tehadap hewan atau tumbuhan. Ada dua jenis konservasi yaitu secara in situ dan ek situ.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;16.         Yang dimaksud introduksi spesies adalah ...&lt;br /&gt;a.  membawa suatu spesies lokal ke daerah asalnya&lt;br /&gt;b.  menyilangkan dua spesies untuk mendapat spesies baru&lt;br /&gt;c.   mendatangkan spesies asing ke suatu wilayah yang sudah memiliki spesies lokal&lt;br /&gt;d.  mendatangkan spesies lokal untuk menambah populasi&lt;br /&gt;e.  menghilangkan suatu spesies agar kompetisi diantara populasi berkurang&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jawab                   : C&lt;br /&gt;Pembahasan&lt;br /&gt;Cukup jelas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;17.         Berikut ini yang bukan merupakan konservasi (perlindungan)  keanekaragaman tumbuhan secara eksitu adalah ...&lt;br /&gt;a.  kebun raya&lt;br /&gt;b.  cagar alam&lt;br /&gt;c.   kebun binatang&lt;br /&gt;d.  kebun koleksi&lt;br /&gt;e.  taman safari&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jawab                   : B&lt;br /&gt;Pembahasan       :&lt;br /&gt;Konservasi secara in situ yaitu konservasi yang dilakukan langsung di habitat aslinya, seperti cagar alam, taman nasional. Sedangkan konservasi ek situ adalah konservasi yang dilakukan di luar habitat aslinya, seperti kebun raya, kebun binatang, kebun koleksi, dan taman safari.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;18.         Penamaan suatu makhluk hidup dengan menggunakan dua kata (sistem tata nama ganda)  disebut...&lt;br /&gt;a.    binomial nomenklatur&lt;br /&gt;b.    takson nomenklatur&lt;br /&gt;c.    nomenklatur dikotomi&lt;br /&gt;d.    taksonomi&lt;br /&gt;e.    nama genus&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jawab                   : A&lt;br /&gt;Pembahasan       :&lt;br /&gt;Cukup jelas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;19.         Berdasarkan sistem tata nama ganda, cara penulisan yang benar untuk nama jenis singkong adalah ...&lt;br /&gt;a.    &lt;i&gt;Manihot esculenta L.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b.    Manihot Esculenta L.&lt;br /&gt;c.    MANIHOT ESCULENTA L.&lt;br /&gt;d.    &lt;i&gt;Manihot esculenta &lt;/i&gt;L.&lt;br /&gt;e.    manihot esculenta L.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jawab                 : D&lt;br /&gt;Pembahasan        :&lt;br /&gt;Ketentuan yang harus dipenuhi dalam menulis nama jenis suatu makhluk hidup dengan sistem tata nama ganda adalah sebagai berikut.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1)     Kata pertama dari kata marga (genus) ditulis dengan huruf kapital, sedangkan untuk kata penunjuk jenis (spesies) ditulis dengan huruf kecil. Contoh: Zea mays. Zea = genus, mays = spesies.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2)     Jika nama jenis ditulis dengan tangan, harus diberi garis bawah secara terpisah pada kedua kata nama tersebut. Jika diketik harus memakai huruf miring. Contoh: &lt;i&gt;Ipomea aquatica &lt;/i&gt;jika ditulis tangan, dan &lt;u&gt;Ipomea aquatica &lt;/u&gt;jika diketik.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3)     Apabila penunjuk jenis lebih dari satu kata, kedua kata terakhir tersebut harus dirangkaikan dengan tanda penghubung. Contoh: &lt;i&gt;Hibiscus&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;rosa &lt;/i&gt;sinensis menjadi &lt;i&gt;Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. &lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4)     Jika nama jenis itu diberikan untuk mengenang jasa orang yang menemukannya maka nama penemu dapat dicantumkan pada kata kedua dengan menambahkan huruf (i) dibelakangnya. Contohnya, tanaman pinus yang ditemukan oleh Merkus, maka nama tanaman itu Pinus merkusii. Adapun spesies yang ditemukan oleh Linnaeus maka dibelakang bisa diberi tanda (L.) misal Musa paradisiaca L. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5)     Nama suku biasanya diambil dari nama makhluk hidup yang bersangkutan dengan ketentuan tumbuhan ditambahkan akhiran aceae, sedangkan untuk hewan ditambah akhiran idae.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Contoh: Solanum + aceae = Solanaceae&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Felis + idae = Felidae&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;20.         Nama ilmiah kentang adalah Solanum tuberosum dan nama ilmiah leunca adalah Solanum nigrum. Kedua tumbuhan ini...&lt;br /&gt;a.     spesiesnya sama, genusnya berbeda&lt;br /&gt;b.     genusnya sama, spesiesnya berbeda&lt;br /&gt;c.      familianya sama, genusnya berbeda&lt;br /&gt;d.     berbeda spesies maupun genus&lt;br /&gt;e.     varietasnya sama&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jawab                   : B&lt;br /&gt;Pembahasan       :&lt;br /&gt;Lihat pembahasan soal nomor 19.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;21.         Berikut adalah nama ilmiah beberapa makhluk hidup:&lt;br /&gt;1)    Ipomea aquatica&lt;br /&gt;2)    Felis catus&lt;br /&gt;3)    Musa paradisiaca&lt;br /&gt;4)    Ipomea reptana&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kekerabatan yang paling dekat di antara makhluk hidup di atas adalah...&lt;br /&gt;a.    1 dan 2&lt;br /&gt;b.    1 dan 3&lt;br /&gt;c.    2 dan 4&lt;br /&gt;d.    3 dan 4&lt;br /&gt;e.    1 dan 4&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jawab                   : E&lt;br /&gt;Pembahasan       :&lt;br /&gt;Kekerabatan yang paling dekat adalah Ipomea aquatica dan Ipomea reptana. Keduanya memiliki genus yang sama.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;22.         Perhatikan tingkatan takson berikut.&lt;br /&gt;1)    spesies&lt;br /&gt;2)    filum&lt;br /&gt;3)    kingdom&lt;br /&gt;4)    divisi&lt;br /&gt;5)    kelas&lt;br /&gt;6)    genus&lt;br /&gt;7)    ordo&lt;br /&gt;8)    famili&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Urutan tingkatan takson mulai dari yang tertinggi hingga tingkatan terendah pada hewan adalah ...&lt;br /&gt;a.     3 – 4 – 5 – 7 – 8 – 6 – 1&lt;br /&gt;b.     3 – 4 – 7 – 8 – 5 – 1 – 6&lt;br /&gt;c.      3 – 2 – 5 – 7 – 8 – 6 – 1&lt;br /&gt;d.     1 – 6 – 8 – 7 – 4 – 3 – 5&lt;br /&gt;e.     1 – 6 – 7 – 8 – 3 – 5 – 4 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jawab                   : C&lt;br /&gt;Pembahasan       :&lt;br /&gt;Cukup jelas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;23.         Pada sistem lima kingdom, makhluk hidup di kelompokkan menjadi lima kingdom. Yang tidak termasuk kedalam lima kingdom adalah ...&lt;br /&gt;a.     monera&lt;br /&gt;b.     protista&lt;br /&gt;c.      archaebacteria&lt;br /&gt;d.     fungi&lt;br /&gt;e.     plantae&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jawab                   : C&lt;br /&gt;Pembahasan       :&lt;br /&gt;Sistem 5 (lima) kingdom dikembangkan oleh R.H.Whittaker pada tahun 1969. Pada sistem lima kingdom ini, jamur dipisahkan dari Plantae berdasarkan ciri struktur sel dan cara memperoleh makanannya. Jamur dikelompokkan dalam kingdom Fungi. Sistem lima kingdom terdiri dari Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae/tumbuhan, dan Animalia/hewan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;24.         Berikut merupakan manfaat pengelompokkan makhluk hidup diantaranya, kecuali...&lt;br /&gt;a.    mengetahui kekerabatan suatu makhluk hidup&lt;br /&gt;b.    menyederhanakan objek studi biologi yang beranekaragam&lt;br /&gt;c.    pelestarian keanaekaragaman hewan dan tumbuhan&lt;br /&gt;d.    agar nama suatu makhluk hidup di seluruh dunia sama&lt;br /&gt;e.    membuat kelompok-kelompok agar banyak dan rumit&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jawab                   : E&lt;br /&gt;Pembahasan       :&lt;br /&gt;Tujuan pengelompokkan makhluk hidup bukaan menjadi banyak dan rumit, justru agar menjadi mudah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;25.         Pengelompokkan makhluk hidup yang didasarkan atas hubungan kekerabatan, ciri-ciri gen atau kromosom serta ciri-ciri biokimia dinamakan klasifikasi sistem ...&lt;br /&gt;a.     alamiah&lt;br /&gt;b.     artifisial&lt;br /&gt;c.      filogenetik&lt;br /&gt;d.     modern&lt;br /&gt;e.     terpadu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jawab                   : D&lt;br /&gt;Pembahasan       :&lt;br /&gt;Klasifikasi/pengelompokkan sistem modern dibuat berdasarkan hubungan kekerabatan organisme (filogenetik), ciri-ciri gen atau kromosom, serta ciri-ciri biokimia. Pada klasifikasi sistem modern, selain menggunakan sistem perbandingan ciri-ciri morfologi, struktur anatomi, fisiologi, etologi, juga dilakukan perbandingan struktur moekuler dari organisme yang diklasifikasikan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/feeds/8780319244905338530/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2021/07/20-soal-pilihan-ganda-keanekaragaman.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/8780319244905338530'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/8780319244905338530'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2021/07/20-soal-pilihan-ganda-keanekaragaman.html' title='20 Soal Pilihan Ganda Keanekaragaman Hayati+ Pembahasan'/><author><name>anak medan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16672862772445386879</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIYOuquf_12_vFOr6rOyREGY9Py12l5BJUuFdZSArP8WFMezly5jdpUXz0dvz8jluVz-FW3h42Cc9C66rNcDNdQbUmX2nI5m3A3CSK7nNe38X2bIqKBUbpuoGD9VDW9SrYm4CVz18Y8JY/s72-w468-h263-c/ibiologi-me-ckzink.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1686458996561451855.post-3571992734073444954</id><published>2023-11-14T23:32:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2023-11-14T23:32:59.012+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Anime"/><title type='text'>15 Karakter Anime Tercantik, Cocok Dijadikan Waifu!</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot; tidak bisa dipungkiri penggambaran suatu tokoh di dalam anime mempunyai andil yang cukup b 15 Karakter Anime Tercantik, Cocok Dijadikan Waifu!&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;450&quot; data-original-width=&quot;800&quot; height=&quot;360&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIb-rlLuNoTwgZkf1qROK0v0rtoTaEZPPqeCZ4A-mEaPmJ3HxNsGDOX25vgc850ekOWXuO7TIfGKtGUqRIqeQTv-9dy9CYRDvgavHVQtAbEM1IurWsxjOCi7qyr7rbNt59Vu9BuaRf9MRS/s640/kuroyukihime-accel-world.png&quot; title=&quot;15 Karakter Anime Tercantik, Cocok Dijadikan Waifu!&quot; width=&quot;640&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Selain jalan cerita. salah satu daya tarik orang untuk menonton sebuah anime yaitu karakternya. Ya, tidak bisa dipungkiri penggambaran suatu tokoh di dalam anime mempunyai andil yang cukup besar dalam menggaet lebih banyak penonton.&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Untuk menambah minat para penonton dan mendukung sang karakter utama, biasanya didesain satu &lt;i&gt;heroine&lt;/i&gt; yang mempunyai paras bagus mempesona. Nah, karakter perempuan ini akan memperlihatkan nilai lebih bagi anime tersebut. Tak jarang, banyak juga orang yang menjadikannya menjadi SAO. Asuna juga menjabat sebagai posisi ketua guild sebelum bertemu dengan Kirito.&lt;br&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cekrisna.com/2019/04/15-karakter-anime-tercantik-cocok.html#more&quot;&gt;Read more »&lt;/a&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/feeds/3571992734073444954/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2019/04/15-karakter-anime-tercantik-cocok.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/3571992734073444954'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/3571992734073444954'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2019/04/15-karakter-anime-tercantik-cocok.html' title='15 Karakter Anime Tercantik, Cocok Dijadikan Waifu!'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIb-rlLuNoTwgZkf1qROK0v0rtoTaEZPPqeCZ4A-mEaPmJ3HxNsGDOX25vgc850ekOWXuO7TIfGKtGUqRIqeQTv-9dy9CYRDvgavHVQtAbEM1IurWsxjOCi7qyr7rbNt59Vu9BuaRf9MRS/s72-c/kuroyukihime-accel-world.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1686458996561451855.post-960551234713718599</id><published>2023-11-14T23:32:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2023-11-14T23:32:44.189+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="konseling"/><title type='text'>Cara Menghadapi Tes Wartegg - Melanjutkan Gambar 8 Kotak yang Benar</title><content type='html'>&lt;h2&gt;Sejarah&lt;/h2&gt;• Awalnya dikenal dengan Drawing Completion Test&lt;br /&gt;• F. Krueger &amp;amp; F. Sander (University of Leipzig) &lt;br /&gt;- Didasarkan pada psikologi Gestalt; objek dari pengalaman + pengalaman subjek membtk struktur indv.Phantasie Test&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Tipologi kepribadian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;Analytical A-type rational-volitional&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Synthesizing S-type vital-emotional&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Analytical-Synthesizing AS-typeintegrated type&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;• Dikembangkan oleh Dr. Ehrig Wartegg kualitatif&lt;br /&gt;• Disempurnakan oleh G.M. Kinget kuantitatif&lt;div&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Penjelasan Mengenai Tes Wartegg&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div&gt;Yang diterangkan dalam makalah ini adalah versi Kinget. Tes Wartegg agak berbeda dengan Tes Gambar Orang dan tes Pohon karena bersifat lebih obyektif, dalam arti dapat dikuantifikasi, namun juga dapat dilakukan interpretasi kualitatif. Tes Wartegg berbentuk setengah halaman kertas folio, dicetak, ada 8 kotak dengan masing-masing satu tanda yang berlainan, kotak-kotak dilingkari garis hitam tebal.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;205&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfSKJq_R7NuPFWfZJdAXQDBuTkjYPPZEMaQeg8T8Uzku2KSGS0_FmAmoW6qmx0nQK3gvsUfDNJnSP31qvvDx065tFJWznQuZ74lfgCq5ZYSoO4SxWBZyEjIq6QTwUPcH97-SuYkUZhxaJT/s400/petunjukonlene-com.JPG&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Tes wartegg adalah tes kepribadian yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh insight mengenai struktur kepribadian seseorang. Tes wartegg merupakan tes gambar yang dipandang dari sudut arti diagnostiknya ( bukan artistiknya ). Poin yang mendapat perhatian adalah nilai ekspresinya dan sifat projektifnya yang terdapat dalam gambar.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Keuntungan : bahan tes murah, praktis pemanfaatannya, dapat dilakukan secara individu atau kelompok, dapat dinilai secara kuantitatif maupun kualitatif&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Hal yang perlu diperhatikan. Setiap stimulus memiliki karakteristik fisiognomi tertentu yang menuntut ekspresi dan sensitivitas (kepekaan) subjek dalam menanggapi secara tepat terhadap sifat sifat fisiognominya. Keberhasilan subjek dalam menanggapi stimulus terletak pada kemampuan untuk mengintegrasikan stimulus ke dalam bentuk gambar yang dibuat sekaligus menyesuaikan dengan sifat sifat fisiognominya.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Persiapan dan Persyaratan Tes&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;1 lembar tes Wartegg, 1 pensil HB, Alas yang keras dan licin, Penghapus (kecuali untuk tes kelompok)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Instruksi:&lt;br /&gt;Pada lembar ini anda melihat 8 kotak. Dalam tiap kotak ada tanda kecil. Tanda - tanda ini tidak mempunyai arti khusus. Tanda-tanda ini hanya merupakan bagianbagian dari gambar-gambar yang anda harus gambar dalam tiap kotak. Anda boleh menggambar apa saja dan boleh dimulai dengan tanda yang paling disukai. Anda tidak perlu mengikuti urutan dari tanda-tanda ini tetapi anda diminta mencantumkan angka pada gambar-gambar yang dibuat secara berurutan. Anda boleh bekerja menggunakan penghapus tetapi janganlah memutar kertas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Baru setelah subyek selesai mengambar, ia diminta untuk menulis apa saja yang digambarnya. Sebelumnya tidak diberikan instruksi untuk menghindari sugerti bahwa harus berupa lukisan. Sejak subyek menerima kertas perlu dilakukan observasi tentang apa komentar, apakah banyak pertanyaan, bagaimana pendekatannya terhadap tes dan bagaimana pelaksanaannya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;D. Prinsip Interpretasi&lt;/h2&gt;Untuk dapat membuat interpretasi terhadap hasil tes ini, perlu dipahami terlebih dahulu hal-hal sebagai berikut. Tes ini mula-mula dikembangkan Krueger dan Sander dari University of Leipzig dengan latar belakang Ganzheit Psychologie. Kemudian dikembangkan oleh Ehrig Wartegg dan kemudian oleh Marian Kinget. Tujuannya adalah eksplorasi kepribadian dalam istilah fungsi-fungsi dasar yaitu: emosi, imajinasi, dinamisme, kontrol, reality function, yang ada pada semua orang namun dengan intensitas dan interelasi yang berbeda. Struktur kepribadian tidaklah statis, berubah-ubah dan menentukan sebagian besar perilaku individu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Maka tehnik eksplorasi juga melihat cara subyek berfungsi, yaitu apakah normal ataukah abnormal. Maka bila 1 atau beberapa komponen sangat dominan, berarti bahwa struktur tidak seimbang, jadi fungsi subyek adalah defektif. Misalnya, fungsi kontrol terlalu kuat maka perilaku akan terhambat, sedangkan bila imajinasi berkembang berlebihan maka kontak dengan realitas dan fungsi sosialnya terganggu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nilai diagnostik terutama terletak pada kemampuan pemeriksa. Pertama perlu dilihat apakah administrasi tes sudah benar, kedua, apakah subyek mengerti instruksi yang diberikan? Ketiga, apakah psikolog yang membuat penilaian baik kuantitatif maupun kualitatif menguasai sistem penilaian?. Dalam penilaian/analisis, tiap elemen harus dipertimbangkan dalam konteks seluruh gambar dengan memperhitungkan:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Usia, jenis kelamin, taraf pendidikan, pekerjaan dan mungkin latar belakang budaya subyek.&lt;br /&gt;Dalam melakukan interpretasi ada 3 tahap yang harus dilakukan yaitu:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Stimulus Drawing Relation, yaitu bagaimana hubungan antara rangsang dengan gambar yang dibuat. Apakah rangsang merupakan bagian dari gambar atau terlepas dari gambar? SDR merupakan dasar untuk eksplorasi struktur persepsi dan afektivitas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;– Ada 8 SDR, tiap stimulus mengekspresikan suatu kualitas ttt. Nilai ekspresif ini digunakan untuk mengetahui bagaimana sso mempersepsi, merasakan, dan engasosiasikan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;– Stimulus dibagi dalam 2 kelompok :&lt;br /&gt;• Kualitas organis / feminine : stimulus 1, 2, 7, 8&lt;br /&gt;• Kualitas teknis / maskulin : stimulus 3, 4, 5, 6&lt;br /&gt;– SDR 1 : sifatnya kecil, ringan, bulat, sentralitas&lt;br /&gt;– SDR 2 : berkesan sst yg hidup, bergerak, lepas, mengalir, dinamis&lt;br /&gt;– SDR 3 : kaku, teratur, tegas, progresif, mekanis&lt;br /&gt;– SDR 4 : kuat, statis, suram&lt;br /&gt;– SDR 5 : sifatnya teknis, konstruktif, konflik dan dinamik&lt;br /&gt;– SDR 6 : kaku, simpel, membutuhkan perencanaan dalam menyelesaikan&lt;br /&gt;– SDR 7 : sifatnya halus, indah, lentur, tidak dapat diolah dengan kasar&lt;br /&gt;– SDR 8 : bulat, fleksibel&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Content atau Isi, merupakan manifestasi dari asosiasi bebas. Gambar mempunyai isi apabila mewakili sebagian dunia fisik yang dapat dilihat. Manifestasi asosiasi bebas mengungkapkan pandangan ke orientasi yang lebih kuat dari kecenderungan-kecenderungan, minat dan pekerjaan subyek dan ini merupakan sumber data proyektif tes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Execution (pelaksanaan) Bagaimana gambar dibuat? Penuh, kosong? Adakah ekspansi?&lt;br /&gt;Tes Warteg mencoba untuk mencari tahu pola reaksi yang permanen dari kepribadian si penggambar. Dari penilaian kuantitatif dapat dibuat suatu profil kepribadian dalam istilah fungsi-fungsi yaitu emosi, imajinasi, dinamisme, kontrol dan reality function yang ada pada tiap manusia. Demikianlah sekilas uraian tentang beberapa tes grafis, semoga dapat mendorong mahasiswa psikologi untuk mempelajarinya secara lebih mendalam. Potensi yang di ungkap : emosi, intelektual, aktivitas, dan imajinasi. Profil kepribadian : emosi&lt;br /&gt;( terbuka, tertutup ), intelektual ( praktis , spekulatif ), aktivitas&lt;br /&gt;( dinamis, terkendali ), imajinasi ( kombinatif, kreatif).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Sifat Fisiognomi Gambar&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Stimulus 1 : suatu titik di pusat ruangan, menunjukan sesuatu yang terpusat, sentral dan definitif.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;stimulus 2 : suatu garis ombak kecil, menunjukan sesuatu yang hidup, bergerak dinamis dan organiss.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Stimulus 3 : garis vertikal tiga sejajar yang berurutan tingginya, menunjukkan seseuatu yang memiliki sifat ajeg ( teratur ), kaku dan meningkat.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Stimulus 4 : Perssegi hitam yang kontras dengan ruangan yang putih, menunjukan seseuatu yang padat dan statis dan berat.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Stimulus 5 dua gari lurus berlainan arah, meunjukan satu arah dinamika garis mekanis yang tertahan oleh garis diatasnya.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Stimulus 6 garis horisontal dan vertikal terpusat letaknya, menunjukkan sifat sifat tenang, kaku dan sedikit mendorong.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Stimulus 7 L titik titik garis melengkung, menunjukkan sesuatu yang memiliki sifat halus , menarik tetapi memiliki bentuk yang kompleks. Stimulus 8 garis melengkung menunjukkan suatu arah kepada pembulatan atau kesatuan yang serasi dan bersifat tertutup sampai tersembunyi.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&amp;nbsp;Kategori Fisiognomi&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div&gt;1. Dilihat dari Respon&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Kategori Organis (Feminitas atau Kewanitaan), yaitu stimulus 1, 2, 7, dan 8.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Kategori Teknis Konstruktif (Maskulinitas atau Kelelakian), yaitu stimulus 3, 4, 5, dan 6.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;2. Dilihat dari stimulus&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Kategori Statis, yaitu stimulus 3,4,6 dan 8.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Kategori Dinamis, yaitu stimulus 1,2,5, dan 7.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Administrasi Tes&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&amp;nbsp;Pada lembar wartegg yang telah disediakan, mintalah testee untuk mengisi identitas padakolom yang telah disediakan.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Setelah selesai mengisi identitas berikan instruksi : &quot;Pada kertas ini terdapat delapan buah segi empat. Masing-masing segi empat memiliki tanda kecil yang berbeda (sambil ditunjukan) dan tidak memiliki arti khusus. Anda diminta untuk membuat gambar dimana tanda-tanda ini menjadi bagian dari gambar anda. Anda boleh menggambar apa saja yang anda suka dan memulai dari segi empat mana saja yang anda inginkan. Setelah selesai menggambar pada satu segi empat, jangan lupa memberi nomor diluar segi empat tersebut&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Pastikan apakah instruksi benar-benar dipahami testee&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Bila testee sudah memahami instruksi, biarkan ia menggambar dengan menggunakan pensil HB yang telah disediakan&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Selama testee menggambar,tester harus mengobservasi dan mencatat hasil observasinya&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Setelah selesai menggambar seluruh kolom,testee diminta menuliskan secara berurutan gambar-gambar apa saja yang telah ia buat. Kemudian tanyakan : Gambar mana yang paling DISUKAI, diberi tanda (+) Gambar mana yang paling TIDAK DISUKAI, diberi tanda (-) Gambar mana yang paling MUDAH, diberi tanda (M) Gambar mana yang paling SULIT, diberi tanda (S) Kemudian tanyakan alasanya. Jika testeemembuat gambar yang bagus, tanyakan apakah ia hobi menggambar danide menggambarnya didapat dari mana.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Karena wartegg test ini dilaksanakan pada akhir rangkaian tes grafis, maka lakukan rapport penutup dan mengucapkan terima kasih atas kerjasama testee dalam menjalani serangkaian tes ini&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.petunjukonlene.com/2019/10/psikotes-test-wartegg-membuat-gambar.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Tips Mengerjakan Tes Wartegg&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Kuncinya jangan dikerjakan terlalu acak karena bisa menunjukkan diri Anda yang terlalu inovatif, kreatif, serta cenderung arogan ketika menghadapi sesuatu.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Adapun jika Anda mengerjakan tes secara berurutan, maka cenderung memiliki kepribadian yang kaku dan juga konservatif.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Karena itu, jalan terbaik untuk bisa mengerjakan tes tersebut adalah mulai dari nomor 4,3,2,1 kemudian dilanjutkan dengan nomor 5,6,7, 9 ataupun sebaliknya.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Penguji pun akan melihat bahwa Anda memiliki kepribadian yang seimbang dan boleh jadi masuk dalam kriteria yang diinginkan dari perusahaan atau instansi tersebut.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Hal tersebut bisa diketahui karena salah satu perintah dalam tes tersebut adalah peserta harus memberi nomor gambar yang terlebih dahulu dikerjakan.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Selain itu, diharuskan pula untuk memberikan keterangan pada kotak yang telah dibuat, serta jangan lupa menuliskan gamabr mana yang yang tersulit dan juga yang mudah.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Contoh Hasilnya&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;contoh hasil gambar tes Psikotes Warteg&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXhMmqFKwdnp5m1BhsSOBtdVFEFYNzmv5TsWldv7zHN8cIqtAbzCKBXbFUPXmdugRD2_S9iB0ESZmNyUU3chH_DZuwhjvU7Hpgii5_dg0qwNEMc23Npl16VHiJRkKRrhG3VQgDgAmXAsuY/s1600/petunjukonlene-com.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/feeds/960551234713718599/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2021/11/cara-menghadapi-tes-wartegg-melanjutkan.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/960551234713718599'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/960551234713718599'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2021/11/cara-menghadapi-tes-wartegg-melanjutkan.html' title='Cara Menghadapi Tes Wartegg - Melanjutkan Gambar 8 Kotak yang Benar'/><author><name>anak medan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16672862772445386879</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfSKJq_R7NuPFWfZJdAXQDBuTkjYPPZEMaQeg8T8Uzku2KSGS0_FmAmoW6qmx0nQK3gvsUfDNJnSP31qvvDx065tFJWznQuZ74lfgCq5ZYSoO4SxWBZyEjIq6QTwUPcH97-SuYkUZhxaJT/s72-c/petunjukonlene-com.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1686458996561451855.post-316109606808111876</id><published>2023-11-14T23:31:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2023-11-14T23:31:59.307+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="otomotif"/><title type='text'>3 Penyebab Aki Motor Tekor yang Harus Kamu Tahu</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, sangat sering kita temui permasalahan terhadap motor kita. Tidak semua pengendara sepeda motor paham permasalahan-permasalahan teknis yang terjadi. Hal ini selain dikarenakan tidak ada basic di dunia otomotif, mayoritas pengguna sepeda motor dari kaum hawa memang lebih tertarik kepada dunia perempuan. Dunia otomotif lebih manly sehingga lebih banyak laki-laki yang menekuninya dibandingkan dengan perempuan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tapi kaum hawa dan kaum adam yang tidak paham permasalahan otomotif semua tidak perlu khawatir tentang hal ini. Di zaman milenial ini semua permasalahan bisa kita temukan solusinya dengan hanya menggerakkan jemari untuk mengetik kata kunci di Internet.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Seperti halnya jika anda mendapatkan permasalahan pada aki anda yang tidak mau mengisikan daya ke kendaraan. Aki yang tidak mengisi merupakan penyebab motor tidak bisa distarter elektrik.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Berikut akan dijelaskan beberapa permasalahan yang mungkin menyebabkan aki dari semua jenis sepeda motor di seluruh dunia tekor.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEidoO_gNaLriLFu56N3sri05Y2c_zZfF-lXAaWFL2qK-oDFLIqHPbFRU9x-ZgjcX7j7RAHYCsQbiVWeg4D8ZIwdnx914CJBrSuDy4W2NDV7FoVF0IaW0lzt-3ICsQQftrJ9y6m9nIOrLOuGD1GQk2tYckWkobJmpB2JhF2fhGpiC0pAtjMD45E3LJjv=s640&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;3 Penyebab Aki Motor Tekor yang Harus Kamu Tahu&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;497&quot; data-original-width=&quot;640&quot; height=&quot;297&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEidoO_gNaLriLFu56N3sri05Y2c_zZfF-lXAaWFL2qK-oDFLIqHPbFRU9x-ZgjcX7j7RAHYCsQbiVWeg4D8ZIwdnx914CJBrSuDy4W2NDV7FoVF0IaW0lzt-3ICsQQftrJ9y6m9nIOrLOuGD1GQk2tYckWkobJmpB2JhF2fhGpiC0pAtjMD45E3LJjv=w382-h297&quot; title=&quot;3 Penyebab Aki Motor Tekor yang Harus Kamu Tahu&quot; width=&quot;382&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;1. Modifikasi Yang Tidak Sesuai&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dewasa ini banyak ditemukan pengguna Sepeda motor memodifikasi perangkat-perangkat yang ada di kendaraannya. Tidak masalah jika perangkat-perangkat baru mengkonsumsi listrik sesuai dengan yang telah di desain dari pabrik.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Yang menjadi masalah adalah ketika pengguna menggunakan perangkat-perangkat motor yang membutuhkan listrik lebih besar sehingga daya yang dikeluarkan aki menjadi lebih besar dan cepat rusak atau istilah umumnya Soak.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Contoh dari penggunaan yang tidak sesuai antara lain sebagai berikut&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Penggunaan klakson untuk mobil pada kendaraan motor.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Penggunaan lampu yang HID yang watt-nya terlalu besar.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Dan penggunaan perangkat-perangkat lain yang mengkonsumsi daya yang besar.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Akibat daya yang dibutuhkan cukup besar, aki menjadi lebih cepat rusak, sehingga kita tidak menyadari bahwa aki juga perlu di ganti lebih cepat. Jika anda benar-benar ingin menggunakan klakson mobil ataupun lampu yang lebih besar, maka perlu perangkat untuk menyetabilkan listrik. Gunakan relay pada aki.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;2. Kiprok&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pengaturan pengisian aki dilakukan oleh perangkat kiprok. Apabila perangkat ini rusak, maka pengisian aki menjadi tidak stabil, bisa terlalu besar ataupun terlalu kecil. Untuk memastikan kiprok masih berfungsi dengan baik lakukan hal-hal berikut ini:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Hidupkan mesin dan lampu utama&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Gas dengan kecepatan sekitar 4000 hingga 5000 RPM&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Tegangan bagus apabila tegangan listrik yang dikeluarkan sebesar 14-15 Volt.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Jika kurang ataupun lebih dari kedua angka tersebut, artinya kiprok rusak.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Untuk mencegah kerusakan aki, maka segera tukar kiproknya.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;3. Terjadi Korsleting Arus Pendek&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hubungan arus pendek pada aki motor menyebabkan daya yang dikeluarkan aki lebih besar. Hal ini dikarenakan hambatan yang dilalui listrik sangat kecil. Karena listrik yang dialirkan dari kutub positif langsung menuju ke kutub negatif. Korsleting ini biasanya terjadi karena ada rangkaian listrik dari sepeda motor yang menyentuh bodi motor atau benda padat lain.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Untuk menghindari terjadinya korsleting, pemilik sepeda motor harus memastikan bahwa sekering aki selalu dalam keadaan baik. Jangan sampai juga ada rangkaian yang tidak memiliki sekering, karena tidak ada yang menghentikan arus tidak stabil pada rangkaian tersebut.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Demikian informasi tentang beberapa penyebab aki tidak mengisi. Selain hal-hal yang telah disebutkan di atas, masalah lain yang juga bisa menyebabkan aki tidak mengisi adalah umur ekonomis aki sudah lewat. Karena aki rata-rata umur aktifnya hanya 2-4 tahun saja. Sehingga wajar saja jika aki sudah rusak ketika sudah lama digunakan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Berikut ada beberapa tips Cara Merawat Aki Motor agar tidak cepat tekor.&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Matikan lampu ketika tidak digunakan, apabila lampu hidup untuk waktu yang lama, maka arus listrik yang di konsumsi sangat besar dan mempercepat daya aki menurun.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Matikan mesin jika motor yang anda gunakan sedang tidak berjalan.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Jika anda dalam perjalanan jauh, berhentilah setiap jarak tempuh mencapai 60 Kilometer.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Jika anda meninggalkan motor untuk waktu yang lama, titipkan kepada seseorang agar bisa menghidupkanya minimal 2 hari sekali. Hal ini dikarenakan kabel dan konektor tetap mengeluarkan daya meski dalam keadaan off. Meskipun aliran listrik kecil, jika didiamkan dalam waktu yang cukup lama maka akan banyak juga yang terbuang sia-sia.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Demikian tips untuk merawat aki anda agar lebih awet. Semoga anda bisa merawat aki dengan maksimal ya untuk kenyamanan berkendara anda. Baca juga&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cekrisna.com/2019/04/cara-membuka-jok-motor-yang-macet-atau.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Cara Membuka Jok Motor yang Macet atau Terkunci&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/feeds/316109606808111876/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2021/11/3-penyebab-aki-motor-tekor-yang-harus.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/316109606808111876'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/316109606808111876'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2021/11/3-penyebab-aki-motor-tekor-yang-harus.html' title='3 Penyebab Aki Motor Tekor yang Harus Kamu Tahu'/><author><name>anak medan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16672862772445386879</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEidoO_gNaLriLFu56N3sri05Y2c_zZfF-lXAaWFL2qK-oDFLIqHPbFRU9x-ZgjcX7j7RAHYCsQbiVWeg4D8ZIwdnx914CJBrSuDy4W2NDV7FoVF0IaW0lzt-3ICsQQftrJ9y6m9nIOrLOuGD1GQk2tYckWkobJmpB2JhF2fhGpiC0pAtjMD45E3LJjv=s72-w382-h297-c" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1686458996561451855.post-2616964135363349869</id><published>2023-11-14T23:29:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2023-11-14T23:29:47.605+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="algebra"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="AS level"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="discriminant"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="functions"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="grade 10 math"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="quadratic"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="quadratic functions"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="vertex form"/><title type='text'>Quadratic Function : Application Problems</title><content type='html'>&lt;div id=&quot;google_translate_element&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;script type=&quot;text/javascript&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;function googleTranslateElementInit() {&lt;br /&gt;  new google.translate.TranslateElement({pageLanguage: &#39;en&#39;}, &#39;google_translate_element&#39;);&lt;br /&gt;}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;script type=&quot;text/javascript&quot; src=&quot;//translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=googleTranslateElementInit&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi9OkXIc1zhBknPs4OWYRt2gSrw3VDfcxM5JwVjmL9a0H56E-yHB_IdVHrFVFfDoLSWnS2VtOZFPVoZmmx5XGfOW5-fGdFipIKgbl9jttE-Fj4XLI9ioyrAHxY8uf_o4HJwGECWx_ijf0kqS6rPzsfc1WaGL4lvnnNNz0idHtPq_vytQNrhFODT6o4mNQ=s1091&quot; style=&quot;display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; &quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;760&quot; data-original-height=&quot;527&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1091&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi9OkXIc1zhBknPs4OWYRt2gSrw3VDfcxM5JwVjmL9a0H56E-yHB_IdVHrFVFfDoLSWnS2VtOZFPVoZmmx5XGfOW5-fGdFipIKgbl9jttE-Fj4XLI9ioyrAHxY8uf_o4HJwGECWx_ijf0kqS6rPzsfc1WaGL4lvnnNNz0idHtPq_vytQNrhFODT6o4mNQ=s600&quot;/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;style&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        .example {&lt;br /&gt;	/*position: relative;*/ /*Only need if doing the border on the outside the other way,*/&lt;br /&gt;	    margin: 1em auto;&lt;br /&gt;	    padding: 0.75em;&lt;br /&gt;	    width: 90%;&lt;br /&gt;	    border-top: none;&lt;br /&gt;	    border-right: none;&lt;br /&gt;	    border-bottom:  none;&lt;br /&gt;	    border-left: 2px solid;&lt;br /&gt;	    border-image: linear-gradient(#140279, white) 0 0 0 100% stretch;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;	    /*border-image: linear-gradient(DeepSkyBlue, transparent) 0 0 0 100% stretch;*/&lt;br /&gt;    }&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    .example .title {&lt;br /&gt;	    color:  rgb(85, 3, 3);&lt;br /&gt;	    width: 100%; /*Extra width compensates for the shifting it left*/&lt;br /&gt;	    margin-top: -.5em;&lt;br /&gt;	    margin-left: -1.5em;&lt;br /&gt;	    margin-bottom: .5em;&lt;br /&gt;	    padding-left: 1.5em; /*Need to cancel the margin-left to put the header where we want it*/&lt;br /&gt;	    border-right: none;&lt;br /&gt;	    border-bottom:  1px solid;&lt;br /&gt;	    border-left: none;&lt;br /&gt;	    border-image: linear-gradient(to right, #140279, white)  0 0 110% 0 stretch;&lt;br /&gt;	    /*border-image: linear-gradient(to right, DeepSkyBlue, transparent)  0 0 110% 0 stretch;*/&lt;br /&gt;    }&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;        .display {&lt;br /&gt;         display: block;&lt;br /&gt;         margin-left: auto;&lt;br /&gt;         margin-right: auto;&lt;br /&gt;         width: 60%;&lt;br /&gt;        }&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/style&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                Quadratic Function တစ်ခု၏  Standard Form ကို $y=ax^2+bx+c, a\ne 0$ ဟူ၍လည်းကောင်း ၊ Vertex Form ကို $y=a(x-h)^2+k a\ne 0$ ဟူ၍လည်းကောင်း၊&lt;br /&gt;                Grade (10) သင်ရိုးသစ် သင်ခန်းစာတွင် သိရှိပြီး ဖြစ်သည်။ Standard Form ကို $y=ax^2+bx+c$ နှင့် Vertex Form $y=a(x-h)^2+k $ ကိုလည်း ပုံစံ တစ်ခုမှ&lt;br /&gt;                တစ်ခုသို့ အပြန်အလှန် ပြောင်းနိုင်ကြောင်း သိရှိခဲ့ပြီး ဖြစ်သည်။ &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt;                $y=ax^2+bx+c, a\ne 0$ မှ $y=a(x-h)^2+k $ သို့ ပြောင်းလျှင် $h=-\dfrac{b}{2a}$ နှင့် $k=\dfrac{-b^2+4ac}{4a}$ ဖြစ်ကြောင်းသိရမည်။&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt;               Quadractic Function တစ်ခု၏ graph ကို parabola ဟု ခေါပြီး  $a&gt;0$ (positive) ဖြစ်လျှင် open upward ဖြစ်ကြောင်းနှင့် $a&amp;lt;0$ (negative) ဖြစ်လျှင် open downward &lt;br /&gt;               ဖြစ်ကြောင်းသိရမည်။ &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt;                Vertex Form $y=a(x-h)^2+k $ တွင် Parabola ၏ vertex (or turning point) သည် $(h,k)$ ဖြစ်ပြီး open upward ပုံစံတွင် $(h,k)$ သည်&lt;br /&gt;                graph ပေါ်ရှိ အနိမ့်ဆုံးအမှတ် (minimum point) ဖြစ်ပြီး open downward ပုံစံတွင် $(h,k)$ သည် graph ပေါ်ရှိ အမြင့်ဆုံးအမှတ် (maximum point) &lt;br /&gt;                ဖြစ်ကြောင်းသိရမည်။ &lt;br /&gt;             &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;             &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                Standard Form  $y=ax^2+bx+c$ ပုံစံမှ $b^2-4ac$ တန်ဖိုးကို Quadratic Function တစ်ခု၏ Discriminant ဟုခေါ်ပြီး &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;li&gt;Discriminant = $b^2-4ac&gt;0$ ဖြစ်လျှင် Parabola သည် $x$ ဝင်ရိုးကို အမှတ်နှစ်ခု၌ ဖြတ်သည်။ လက်ဝဲဘက် ဖြတ်မှတ်သည် &lt;br /&gt;                        $\left(\dfrac{-b-\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a},0\right)$ ဖြစ်ပြီး လက်ယာဘက် ဖြတ်မှတ်သည် ဖြတ်မှတ်သည် &lt;br /&gt;                        $\left(\dfrac{-b+\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a},0\right)$ ဖြစ်သည်။&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;li&gt;Discriminant = $b^2-4ac=0$ ဖြစ်လျှင် Parabola သည် $x$ ဝင်ရိုးကို အမှတ်တစ်ခု၌ ဖြတ်ပြီး ထိုအမှတ်သည် vertex ဖြစ်သည်။&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;li&gt;Discriminant = $b^2-4ac&amp;lt;0$ ဖြစ်လျှင် Parabola သည် $x$ ဝင်ရိုးကို လုံးဝမဖြတ်တော့ပါ။&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;             &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  $ax^2+bx+c =0$ ညီမျှင်ခြင်းကို Quadractic Equation ဟုခေါ်သည်။ ထိုညီမျှခြင်းကို ပြေလည်စေသော $x$ တန်ဖိုးများကို roots ဟုခေါ်သည်။ &lt;br /&gt;                  အဆိုပါ roots များသည် Parabola က $x$ ဝင်ရိုးကို ဖြတ်သော $x$-intercept များနှင့် အတူတူပင်ဖြစ်သည်။ ထို့ကြောင့် &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;li&gt;Discriminant = $b^2-4ac&gt;0$ ဖြစ်လျှင် 2 roots (ညီမျှင်ခြင်းကို ပြေလည်စေသော အဖြေနှစ်ခုရှိသည်။) ၎င်းတို့မှာ &lt;br /&gt;                        $x_1=\dfrac{-b-\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}$  နှင့် $x_2=\dfrac{-b+\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}$ တို့ ဖြစ်သည်။&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;li&gt;Discriminant = $b^2-4ac=0$ ဖြစ်လျှင် Pဖြစ်လျှင် 1 root or repeated roots &lt;br /&gt;                        (ညီမျှင်ခြင်းကို ပြေလည်စေသော အဖြေတစ်ခုသာရှိသည်။) ၎င်းမှာ $x_1=x_2=\dfrac{-b}{2a}$ ဖြစ်သည်။&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;li&gt;Discriminant = $b^2-4ac&amp;lt;0$ ဖြစ်လျှင် no root (ညီမျှင်ခြင်းကို ပြေလည်စေသော အဖြေမရှိပါ) &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;             &lt;p tyle=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                Discriminant = $b^2-4ac&gt;0$ ဖြစ်လျှင် Quadratic Function တစ်ခုကို $ax^2+bx+c=a(x-p)(x-q)$ ဟု ဖေါ်ပြနိုင်ပြီး &lt;br /&gt;                $p=\dfrac{-b-\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}$ နှင့် $q=\dfrac{-b+\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}$ ဖြစ်သည်။ အဆိုပါအခြေအနေတွင် &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;li&gt;$p+q \text{ (sum of roots)} = -\dfrac{b}{a} $ ဖြစ်သည်။ &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;li&gt;$pq \text{ (product of roots)} = \dfrac{c}{a} $ ဖြစ်သည်။&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;             &lt;p tyle=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                 အောက်ပါပုစ္ဆာများသည် IGCSE (AS Level မှ) လက်တွေ့နယ်ပယ်တွင် တွေ့ရလေ့ရှိသည့် Quadractic Function ဆိုင်ရာ Real Life Problems များဖြစ်ပါသည်။&lt;br /&gt;                 Grade 10 သင်ရိုးသစ် Quadratic Functions သင်ခန်းစာကို ကောင်းစွာ နားလည်သဘောပေါက်လျှင် အလွယ်တကူတွက်နိုင်သော မေးခွန်းများ ဖြစ်သည်။&lt;br /&gt;             &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;               &lt;div class=&quot;example&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;h4 class=&quot;title&quot;&gt;Question 1&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;br /&gt;                        The diagram shows a section of a suspension bridge carrying a road over water.&lt;br /&gt;                        The height of the cables above water level in metres can be modelled by the function &lt;br /&gt;                        $h(x)=0.00012 x^{2}+200$, where $x$ is the displacement in metres from the centre of the bridge.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;div class=&quot;display&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;svg id=&quot;Layer_1&quot; data-name=&quot;Layer 1&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2000/svg&quot; viewBox=&quot;0 0 814.88 318.98&quot;&gt;&lt;defs&gt;&lt;style&gt;.cls-1{fill:#fff;}&lt;/style&gt;&lt;/defs&gt;&lt;path class=&quot;cls-1&quot; 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d=&quot;M659,629.21l-6.67.34v-5.61l7,3.78Z&quot; transform=&quot;translate(-297 -481)&quot;/&gt;&lt;path class=&quot;cls-1&quot; d=&quot;M754.65,629.75l-6.57-.89c.22-.72.21-1.79.69-2.08a35.8,35.8,0,0,1,4.45-2Z&quot; transform=&quot;translate(-297 -481)&quot;/&gt;&lt;path class=&quot;cls-1&quot; d=&quot;M576.39,623.23c.12,1.82.29,3.63.34,5.44,0,.23-.63.7-.9.65-.43-.07-1.12-.47-1.13-.76-.11-1.75-.06-3.51-.06-5.27Z&quot; transform=&quot;translate(-297 -481)&quot;/&gt;&lt;path class=&quot;cls-1&quot; d=&quot;M831.63,623.7c0,1.55,0,3.11,0,4.67a1.24,1.24,0,0,1-.75.86c-.3.07-1-.28-1-.43,0-1.75.17-3.5.28-5.25Z&quot; transform=&quot;translate(-297 -481)&quot;/&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;ol class=&quot;list&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                            (a) Interpret the meaning of the constant term $200$ in the model.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            (b) Use the model to find the two values of $x$ at which the height is $346 \mathrm{~m}$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            (c) Given that the towers at each end are $346 \mathrm{~m}$ tall, use your answer to part &lt;br /&gt;                                $\mathbf{b}$ to calculate the length of the bridge to the nearest metre.&lt;br /&gt;                           &lt;br /&gt;                    	&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;div style=&quot;color: #3d02c9; padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;h4 style=&quot;color:#ff1e00&quot;&gt;Solution&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;						&lt;br /&gt;                          $\textbf{(a) }\quad$ The bridge is $200 \mathrm{~m}$ above water level, &lt;br /&gt;                        since this is the height at the centre of the bridge.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \textbf{(b) }\quad 0.00012 x^{2}+200&amp;=346\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        12 x^{2}+200 &amp;=346 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        0.00012 x^{2} &amp;=146 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        x^{2} &amp;=\frac{146}{0.00012} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        x &amp;=\pm \sqrt{\frac{146}{0.00012}}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ x=1103 \text{ or }x&amp;=-1103\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        So the height of the bridge is $346 \mathrm{~m}$, at the point $1103 \mathrm{~m}$&lt;br /&gt;                        from the centre of the bridge.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \textbf{(c) }\quad \textbf{length of tower }&amp;=2 \times 1103\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=2206 \mathrm{~m}&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;						&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;div class=&quot;example&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;h4 class=&quot;title&quot;&gt;Question 2&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;br /&gt;                        A diver launches herself off a springboard. The height of the diver, in metres, above the pool $t$ seconds after launch can be modelled by the following function:&lt;br /&gt;                        $$&lt;br /&gt;                        h(t)=5 t-10 t^{2}+10, t \geq 0&lt;br /&gt;                        $$&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;div class=&quot;display&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;svg id=&quot;Layer_1&quot; data-name=&quot;Layer 1&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2000/svg&quot; viewBox=&quot;0 0 720 720&quot;&gt;&lt;defs&gt;&lt;style&gt;.cls-1{fill:#fefefe;}.cls-2{fill:#0095bd;}.cls-3{fill:#01b2d7;}.cls-4{fill:#5ce4cf;}.cls-5{fill:#fe6262;}&lt;/style&gt;&lt;/defs&gt;&lt;path class=&quot;cls-1&quot; 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-180)&quot;/&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                       &lt;br /&gt;                            (a) How high is the springboard above the water?&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            (b) Use the model to find the time at which the diver hits the water.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            (c) Rearrange $h(t)$ into the form $A-B(t-C)^{2}$ and give the values of the constants $A, B$ and $C$.&lt;br/&gt; &lt;br /&gt;                            (d) Using your answer to part c or otherwise, find the maximum height of the diver, and the time at which this maximum height is reached.&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #3d02c9; padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;h4 style=&quot;color:#ff1e00&quot;&gt;Solution&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(a) }\quad &amp;\text{height of springboard above water}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=h(0) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=10 \mathrm{~m} \\\\F&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(b) }\quad  \text{When the diver } &amp; \text{ hits water,}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        h(t)&amp;=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        5 t-10 t^{2}+10&amp;=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        t^{2}-\frac{t}{2}-1&amp;=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        t^{2}-\frac{t}{2}&amp;=7\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \left(t^{2}-\frac{t}{2}+\frac{1}{16}\right) &amp;=1+\frac{1}{16} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \left(t-\frac{1}{4}\right)^{2} &amp;=\frac{17}{16} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ t &amp;=\frac{1+\sqrt{17}}{4} \quad(\because t \geq 0) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=1.3 \mathrm{~s}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        h(t) &amp;=5 t-10 t^{2}+10 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=-10\left(t^{2}-\frac{1}{2} t\right)+10 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=-10\left(t^{2}-\frac{1}{2} t+\frac{1}{16}\right)+10+\frac{10}{16} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=-10\left(t-\frac{1}{4}\right)^{2}+\frac{85}{8} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=\frac{85}{8}-10\left(t-\frac{1}{4}\right)^{2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\therefore A -B(t-C)^{2}=\dfrac{85}{8}-10\left(t-\frac{1}{4}\right)^{2}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore A &amp;=\frac{85}{8}=10.625 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        B &amp;=10 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        C &amp;=\frac{1}{4}=0.25\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        The vertex of graph is at $(C, A)=(0.25,10.625)\\\\ $.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\therefore$ At  $t=0.25 \mathrm{~s}$, the maximum height of the diver is $10.625 \mathrm{~m}$&lt;br /&gt;						&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                                                &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;div class=&quot;example&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;h4 class=&quot;title&quot;&gt;Question 3&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;br /&gt;                        A car manufacturer uses a model to predict the fuel consumption, $y$ miles per gallon $(\mathrm{mpg})$, for a specific model of car travelling at a speed of $x \mathrm{~mph}$.&lt;br /&gt;                        $$&lt;br /&gt;                        y=-0.01 x^{2}+0.975 x+16, x&gt;0&lt;br /&gt;                        $$&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;ol class=&quot;list&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            (a) Use the model to find two speeds at which the car has a fuel consumption of $32.5 \mathrm{~mpg}$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            (b) Rewrite $y$ in the form $A-B(x-C)^{2}$, where $A, B$ and $C$ are constants to be found.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            (c) Using your answer to part $b$, find the speed at which the car has the greatest fuel efficiency.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            (d) Use the model to calculate the fuel consumption of a car travelling at $120 \mathrm{~mph}$. Comment on the validity of using this model for very high speeds.&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/ol&gt;&lt;br /&gt;               &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;div style=&quot;color: #3d02c9; padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;							&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;h4 style=&quot;color:#ff1e00&quot;&gt;Solution&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text {(a) } \hspace{1.5cm} y &amp;=-0.01 x^{2}+0.975 x+16 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y &amp;=\text { fuel consumption in (mpg)} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        x &amp;=\text { speed (mph) } \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                         \text { When } y &amp;=32.5 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        32.5 &amp;=-0.01 x^{2}+0.975 x+16 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        0 &amp;=-0.01 x^{2}+0.975 x-16.5 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        0 &amp;=x^{2}-97.5 x+1650\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore x&amp;=21.8 \text{ or }  x=75.7\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\therefore$ The car has fuel consumption&lt;br /&gt;                        $32.5 \mathrm{mpg}$ at the speed $21.8$ mph or $75.7$ mph.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text {(b) }\quad y &amp;=-0.01\left(x^{2}-97.5 x\right)+16 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=-0.01\left(x^{2}-97.5 x+48.75^{2}\right)+16+0.01(48.75)^{2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=-0.01(x-48.75)^{2}+39.77 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=39.77-0.01(x-48.75)^{2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore A &amp;-B(x-C)^{2}=39.77-0.01(x-48.75)^{2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore A &amp;=39.77, B=0.01, C=48.75\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\text {(c) }\quad $ The speed at which the car has greatest fuel efficiency is $48.75$ mph.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text {(d) }\quad \text{ When } x&amp;=120 \mathrm{mph},\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y &amp;=39.77-0.01(120-48.75)^{2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=-10.99 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=-11 \text { mpg }\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Since the negative fuel consumption is impossible, this model is not valid for very high speeds.&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;br /&gt;						&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;div class=&quot;example&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;h4 class=&quot;title&quot;&gt;Question 4&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;br /&gt;                        A fertiliser company uses a model to determine how the amount of fertiliser used, $f$ kilograms per hectare, affects the grain yield $g$, measured in tonnes per hectare.&lt;br /&gt;                        $$&lt;br /&gt;                        g=6+0.03 f-0.00006 f^{2}&lt;br /&gt;                        $$&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;ol class=&quot;list&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            (a) According to the model, how much grain would each hectare yield without any fertiliser?&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            (b) One farmer currently uses $20$ kilograms of fertiliser per hectare. How much more fertiliser would he need to use to increase his grain yield by 1 tonne per hectare?&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/ol&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;         &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;div style=&quot;color: #3d02c9; padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;							 &lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;h4 style=&quot;color:#ff1e00&quot;&gt;Solution&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\text{(a) } \quad g=$ the grain yield in ton/hectare.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\qquad f=$ amount of fertiliser used in $\mathrm{kg} /$ hectare&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(b) }\ g&amp;=6+0.03f-0.00006 f^{2}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text{grain yield withont fertilizer}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=6+0.03(0)-0.00006(0)^{2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=6 \text { ton/hactare}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \quad\text{When } f&amp;=20,\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        g &amp;=6+0.03(20)-0.00006(20)^{2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=6.576\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\text{(c) }\ $ required amount of grain yield $=6.576+1$ tonnes &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        6+0.03 f-0.00006 f^{2}&amp;=7.576\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ 0.00006 f^{2}-0.03 f+1.576&amp;=0\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        f=440.4 \text { (or) (reject) } f&amp;=59.6 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ &amp;\text{ amount of extra fertiliser needed}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=59.6-20 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=39.6 \mathrm{~kg} / \text { hectare }&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;						&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;br /&gt;                       &lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;div class=&quot;example&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;h4 class=&quot;title&quot;&gt;Question 5&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;br /&gt;                        A spear is thrown over level ground from the top of a tower.&lt;br /&gt;                        The height, in metres, of the spear above the ground after $t$ seconds is modelled by the function:&lt;br /&gt;                        $$&lt;br /&gt;                        h(t)=12.25+14.7 t-4.9 t^{2}, t \geq 0&lt;br /&gt;                        $$&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;ol class=&quot;list&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            (a) Interpret the meaning of the constant term $12.25$ in the model.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            (b) After how many seconds does the spear hit the ground?&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            (c) Write $\mathrm{h}(t)$ in the form $A-B(t-C)^{2}$, where $A, B$ and $C$ are constants to be found.&lt;br /&gt;                            (d) Using your answer to part (c) or otherwise, find the maximum height of the spear above the ground, and the time at which this maximum height is reached.&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/ol&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;div style=&quot;color: #3d02c9; padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;h4 style=&quot;color:#ff1e00&quot;&gt;Solution&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;br /&gt;                          $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(a) }\quad &amp;h(t)=12.25+14.7 t-4.9 t^{2}, t \geq 0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;t=0, h(t)=12.25 \mathrm{~m}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\therefore$ The constant term $12.25 \mathrm{~m}$ is the height of tower.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(b) }\quad &amp;\text{When the spear hit the ground,}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;h(t)=0 . \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;12.25+14.7 t-4.9 t^{2}=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;t=-0.68 \text { or } t=3.68\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Since $t \geq 0$, the spear took $3.68 \mathrm{~s}$ to hit the ground.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(c) }\quad h(t) &amp;=12.25+14.7 t-4.9 t^{2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=-4.9\left(t^{2}-3 t\right)+12.25 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=-4.9\left(t^{2}-3 t+1.5^{2}\right)+12.25+4.9\left(1.5^{2}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=-4.9(t-1.5)^{2}+23.275 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=23.275-4.9(t-1.5)^{2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ A &amp;-B(t-C)^{2}=23.275-4.9(t-1.5)^{2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ A &amp;=23.275, B=4.9, C=1.5\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\text{(d) }\quad$ The vertex of the gragh is $(C, A)=(1.5,23.275)\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\therefore$ When $t=1.58$, the spear reached the maximun height &lt;br /&gt;                        of $23.275 \mathrm{~m}$.&lt;br /&gt;						&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;div class=&quot;example&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;h4 class=&quot;title&quot;&gt;Question 6&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                        For this question, $f(x)=4 k x^{2}+(4 k+2) x+1$, where $k$ is a real constant.&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;ol class=&quot;list&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            (a) Find the discriminant of $f(x)$ in terms of $k$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            (b) By simplifying your answer to part a or otherwise, prove that $\mathrm{f}(x)$ has two distinct real roots for all non-zero values of $k$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                           (c) Explain why $f(x)$ cannot have two distinct real roots when $k=0$.&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/ol&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;div style=&quot;color: #3d02c9; padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;h4 style=&quot;color:#ff1e00&quot;&gt;Solution&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;br /&gt;						$\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(a) }\quad f(x)=4 k x^{2}+&amp;(4 k+2) x+1 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text { discriminant } &amp;=(4 k+2)^{2}-4(4 k)(1) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=16 k^{2}+16 k+4-16 k \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=4\left(4 k^{2}+1\right), k \neq 0\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\text{(b) }\quad$ Since $k^{2} \geq 0$ for all real values of $k$, &lt;br /&gt;                        $4\left(4 k^{2}+1\right)&gt;0$ for all $x \in \mathbb{R}$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\qquad\therefore(x)=0$ has always two distinct roots for all non-zero values of $k$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\text{(c) }\quad$ When $k=0, f(x)=2 x+1$ which is a linear function with only one root.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\qquad\therefore f(x)$ can&#39;t have two distinct roots when $f(x)=0$.&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;br /&gt;						&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/feeds/2616964135363349869/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2023/11/quadratic-function-application-problems.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/2616964135363349869'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/2616964135363349869'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2023/11/quadratic-function-application-problems.html' title='Quadratic Function : Application Problems'/><author><name>anak medan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16672862772445386879</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi9OkXIc1zhBknPs4OWYRt2gSrw3VDfcxM5JwVjmL9a0H56E-yHB_IdVHrFVFfDoLSWnS2VtOZFPVoZmmx5XGfOW5-fGdFipIKgbl9jttE-Fj4XLI9ioyrAHxY8uf_o4HJwGECWx_ijf0kqS6rPzsfc1WaGL4lvnnNNz0idHtPq_vytQNrhFODT6o4mNQ=s72-c" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1686458996561451855.post-5318587081449564852</id><published>2023-11-14T23:21:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2023-11-14T23:21:53.902+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Biologi"/><title type='text'>Kenapa Transkripsi DNA itu Penting Bagi Tanaman?</title><content type='html'>  	  	  	 &lt;!--Quick Adsense WordPress Plugin: http://quicksense.net/--&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;float: left; margin: 10px 10px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;script type=&quot;text/javascript&quot;&gt;  if (!window.OX_ads) { OX_ads = []; }  OX_ads.push({ &quot;auid&quot; : &quot;538593749&quot; });  &lt;/script&gt;  &lt;script type=&quot;text/javascript&quot;&gt;  document.write(&#39;&lt;scr&#39;+&#39;ipt src=&quot;http://ax-d.pixfuture.net/w/1.0/jstag&quot;&gt;&lt;/scr&#39;+&#39;ipt&gt;&#39;);  &lt;/script&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;like-fb&quot; style=&quot;float: left; margin-right: 7px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kenapa Transkripsi DNA itu Penting Bagi Tanaman?&lt;/strong&gt; –&amp;nbsp;Transkripsi adalah sintesis&amp;nbsp;RNA&amp;nbsp;dibawah arahan&amp;nbsp;DNA.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Kedua asam nukleat menggunakan bahasa yang sama, dan informasi hanya ditranskripsi, atau disalin, dari satu molekul menjadi molekul lain.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Selain menjadi cetakan untuk sintesis untai komplementer baru saat replikasi&amp;nbsp;DNA, untai&amp;nbsp;DNAjuga bisa berperan sebagai cetakan untuk merakit sekuens nukleotida&amp;nbsp;RNA&amp;nbsp;komplementer.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Untitled&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter wp-image-805&quot; data-recalc-dims=&quot;1&quot; sizes=&quot;(max-width: 521px) 100vw, 521px&quot; src=&quot;https://i1.wp.com/agroteknologi.web.id/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Untitled-18.png?resize=521%2C320&quot; srcset=&quot;https://i1.wp.com/agroteknologi.web.id/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Untitled-18.png?w=397 397w, https://i1.wp.com/agroteknologi.web.id/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Untitled-18.png?resize=300%2C184 300w&quot; title=&quot;Kenapa Transkripsi DNA itu Penting Bagi Tanaman?&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Untuk gen pengode protein, molekul&amp;nbsp;RNA&amp;nbsp;yang dihasilkan merupakan transkrip akurat dari instruksi pembangun protein yang dikandung oleh gen. molekul&amp;nbsp;RNA&amp;nbsp;transkrip bisa dikirimkan dalam banyak salinan.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Tipe molekul RNA ini disebut RNA duta (messenger RNA, mRNA) karena mengandung pesan genetik dari&amp;nbsp;DNA&amp;nbsp;ke mekanisme penyintesis protein sel. Transkripsi&amp;nbsp;menghasilkan 3 macam RNA, yakni:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;mRNA&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;mRNA (messenger RNA) fungsinya membawa informasi DNA dari inti sel ke ribosom.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Pesan-pesan ini berupa triplet basa yang ada pada mRNA yang disebut kodon. Kodon pada mRNA merupakan komplemen dari kodogen (agen pengode), yaitu urutan basa-basa nitrogen pada DNA yang dipakai sebagai pola cetakan. Peristiwa pembentukan mRNA oleh DNA di dalam inti sel, disebut transkripsi.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;tRNA&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;tRNA (RNA transfer) fungsinya mengenali kodon dan menerjemahkan menjadi asam amino di ribosom. Peran tRNA ini dikenal dengan nama translasi (penerjemahan). Urutan basa nitrogen pada tRNA disebut antikodon. Bentuk tRNA seperti daun semanggi dengan 4 ujung yang penting, yaitu:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;!--Quick Adsense WordPress Plugin: http://quicksense.net/--&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;float: none; margin: 10px 0px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt; &lt;script async=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;  &lt;!--agroteknologi A--&gt;    &lt;script&gt;    &lt;/script&gt; &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;ul style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt; &lt;li&gt;Ujung pengenal kodon yang berupa triplet basa yang disebut antikodon.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Ujung perangkai asam amino yang berfungsi mengikat asam amino.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Ujung pengenal enzim yang membantu mengikat asam amino.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Ujung pengenal ribosom.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;rRNA&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;rRNA (RNA Ribosom) fungsinya sebagai tempat pembentukan protein. rRNA terdiri dari 2 sub unit, yaitu: 1) Sub unit kecil yang berperan dalam mengikat mRNA. 2) Sub unit besar yang berperan untuk mengikat tRNA yang sesuai.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Transkripsi terjadi di dalam sitoplasma dan diawali dengan membukanya rantai ganda DNA melalui kerja enzim RNA polimerase.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Sebuah rantai tunggal berfungsi sebagai rantai cetakan ataurantai sense,&amp;nbsp;rantai yang lain dari pasangan DNA ini disebut rantai anti sense.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Tidak seperti halnya pada replikasi yang terjadi pada semua DNA, transkripsi ini hanya terjadi pada segmen DNA yang mengandung kelompok gen tertentu saja. Oleh karena itu, nukleotida nukleotida pada rantai sense yang akan ditranskripsi menjadi molekul RNA dikenal sebagai unit transkripsi.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Dalam studi genetik yang halus kita kadang-kadang dituntut untuk mengisolasi satu gen tertentu, yang selanjutnya akan dipelajari sutrukturnya, serta proses ekspresinya.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Salah satu cara isolasi gen yang lazim dilakukan untuk eukariot ialah melalui isolasi mRNA yang disandikan oleh gen tersebut; yang dilanjutkan dengan memamfaatkan mRNA untuk proses transkripsi balik, DNA yang dihasilkan dari transkripsi balik tersebut akan merupakan ruas DNA penyadi dari mRNA; dan ruas DNA itu dinamakan DNA komplemeter atau cDNA (complementary DNA).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;blockquote&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Pekerjaan pembuatan cDNA akan meliputi isolasi mRNA, sintesis cDNA dengan transkripsi balik, penyisipan cDNA kedalam suatu vector atau pembuatan DNA rekombinan, dan terakhir memilih cDNA yang tepat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Langkah terakhir perlu dilakukan karena dari isolasi mRNA pada awal pekerjaan akan dihasilkan banyak jenis mRNA.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;!--Quick Adsense WordPress Plugin: http://quicksense.net/--&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;float: none; margin: 10px 0px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt; &lt;script async=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;  &lt;!--Agroteknologi B--&gt;    &lt;script&gt;    &lt;/script&gt; &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;clear: both; font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;   	&lt;div class=&quot;cf&quot; id=&quot;widgets-wrap-after-post-content&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;widget-after-post-content frontier-widget widget_text&quot; id=&quot;text-17&quot;&gt;			&lt;div class=&quot;textwidget&quot;&gt;&lt;script async=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;  &lt;!--agrotek iklansesuai--&gt;    &lt;script&gt;    &lt;/script&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 		&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  	  	  	Sumber : http://agroteknologi.web.id/kenapa-transkripsi-dna-itu-penting-bagi-tanaman/</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/feeds/5318587081449564852/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2017/08/kenapa-transkripsi-dna-itu-penting-bagi.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/5318587081449564852'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/5318587081449564852'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2017/08/kenapa-transkripsi-dna-itu-penting-bagi.html' title='Kenapa Transkripsi DNA itu Penting Bagi Tanaman?'/><author><name>anak medan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16672862772445386879</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1686458996561451855.post-2033682488439943799</id><published>2023-11-14T23:12:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2023-11-14T23:12:34.472+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Ternak"/><title type='text'>Ciri-ciri Ternak Sakit dan Sehat</title><content type='html'>  	  	  	 &lt;!--Quick Adsense WordPress Plugin: http://quicksense.net/--&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;float: none; margin: 10px 0px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt; &lt;script async=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;  &lt;!--fredikurniawan.com 1--&gt;    &lt;script&gt;    &lt;/script&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ciri-ciri ternak sakit dan sehat&lt;/strong&gt; – Jika anda sedang belajar untuk mengenal bagaimana tipe ternak yang sehat, anda dapat melakukanya &amp;nbsp;dengan cara mengamati tingkah laku ternak tersebut. Kali ini kami akan menunjukan indikator yang dapat digunakan anda gunakan antara lain :&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;alignnone wp-image-3618&quot; data-recalc-dims=&quot;1&quot; sizes=&quot;(max-width: 645px) 100vw, 645px&quot; src=&quot;https://i2.wp.com/fredikurniawan.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/1-4.jpg?resize=645%2C449&quot; srcset=&quot;https://i2.wp.com/fredikurniawan.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/1-4.jpg?resize=300%2C209 300w, https://i2.wp.com/fredikurniawan.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/1-4.jpg?w=742 742w&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1. Mata&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Ternak yang sehat mempunyai sorot mata yang bersih dan juga cerah, kondisi bola mata yang cukup baik, bersih dan juga tidak terdapat kelainan-kelainan mata, semisal berair, bercak kemerahan pada area kornea mata, adanya selaput berwarna putih seperti katarak, ataupun adanya beberapa kotoran dan luka di sudut mata. Pada ternak sehat, pupil matanya akan bereaksi jika ia melihat pergerakan ataupun cahaya yang ada di depannya.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2. Rambut ataupun Bulu.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Ternak yang sehat mempunyai rambut yang tidak kusut, bersih, halus, tidak kusam, dan juga mengkilap. Secara normal, rambut ternak memang akan rontok ketika ditarik, tetapi jumlahnya tidaklah banyak. Kerontokan bulu dalam jumlah banyak bisa menjadi ciri hewan yang sedang kurang sehat.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3. Nafsu Makan.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Ternak yang mempunyai nafsu makan yang baik merupakan salah satu ciri ternak yang sehat, karena gejala awal dari ternak yang sakit adalah adanya penurunan nafsu makan.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;!--Quick Adsense WordPress Plugin: http://quicksense.net/--&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;float: none; margin: 10px 0px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt; &lt;script async=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;  &lt;!--fredikurniawan.com 1--&gt;    &lt;script&gt;    &lt;/script&gt; &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4. Pergerakan.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Banyaknya gerak ataupun aktivitas ternak bisa menjadi salah satu indikator dari kesehatan ternak. Apabila ternak banyak bergerak dan tidak nglentruk, kondisi dari ternak bisa dianggap sehat, sedangkan ternak yang cenderung diam serta kurang agresif merupakan ciri dari ternak yang sedang kurang sehat.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;5. Kulit.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Kulit ternak yang elastis dan tidak ada luka fisik/cacat. Saat disentuh atau ditarik, kulit ternak sangat terasa kenyal, dan posisi kulit akan kembali ke keadaan yang semula dalam waktu singkat. Perubahan warna kulit ternak yang terjadi secara abnormal juga merupakan indikator dari kondisi yang kurang sehat.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;6. Membran Mukosa.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Mukosa pada hidung dan mata tidak berbau, halus, terlihat mengkilat dan tidak pucat. Cermin hidung (kerbau, sapi, kuda) yang sehat selalu nampak basah.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;7. Kotoran/ Feses&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Ternak yang sehat, fesesnya tidak bertekstur lembek (tidak diare).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;8. Berdiri atau berjalan seimbang.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Sikap berdiri si ternak menggambarkan keseimbangan serta posisi tubuh yang simetris. Dari berbagai sisi, sikap berdiri ternak yang sehat haruslah seimbang dengan memperhatikan posisi tubuh yang harmonis.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Sedangkan secara anatomi dan secara fisologi ternak, kesehatan ternak untuk fisik bagian luar anggota badan sempurna, kaki-kaki berkembang simetris, dan tidak terdapat kecacatan ataupun kelainan pertumbuhan yang buruk pada seluruh anggota tubuh si ternak.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Baca Juga:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;Jenis Makanan Alami Untuk Pertumbuhan Belut&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Pengertian Pakan, Bahan Pakan, Ransum, Konsentrat dan Zat Additif&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Cara Mudah Budidaya Ikan Lele Phyton&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt; &lt;p&gt;Yap, itulah artikel singkat kami tentang ciri-ciri ternak sakit dan sehat. Semoga artikel yang singkat ini bisa membantu anda secara optimal dan semoga dapat memberi manfaat yang baik untuk anda. Terimakasih.&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/feeds/2033682488439943799/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2017/11/ciri-ciri-ternak-sakit-dan-sehat.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/2033682488439943799'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/2033682488439943799'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2017/11/ciri-ciri-ternak-sakit-dan-sehat.html' title='Ciri-ciri Ternak Sakit dan Sehat'/><author><name>anak medan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16672862772445386879</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1686458996561451855.post-7643266344157284435</id><published>2023-11-14T02:49:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2023-11-14T23:08:18.561+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="algebra"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="AS level"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="cie"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="edexcel"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="functions"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="grade11"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Pure Math"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="transformation"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="translation"/><title type='text'>Transformation of Functions: Translation</title><content type='html'>&lt;div id=&quot;google_translate_element&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;script type=&quot;text/javascript&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;function googleTranslateElementInit() {&lt;br /&gt; 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               &lt;h4 class=&quot;box-legend&quot;&gt;Vertical Translation &lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  For any function $f(x)$ and $c&gt;0$, $f(x)+c$ vertically shifts the graph of $f(x)$ upward by $c$ units &lt;br /&gt;                  and $f(x)-c$ vertically shifts the graph of $f(x)$ downward by $c$ units.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;img class=&quot;display2&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/fun04.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;div class=&quot;box-definition&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;h4 class=&quot;box-legend&quot;&gt;Horizontal Translation &lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                For any function $f(x)$ and $c&gt;0$, $f(x-c)$ horizontally shifts the graph of $f(x)$ right by $c$ units and &lt;br /&gt;                $f(x+c)$ horizontally shifts the graph of $f(x)$ left by $c$ units.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;img class=&quot;display1&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/fun06.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;          &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;div class=&quot;box-example&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;h4 class=&quot;box-legend&quot;&gt;Question (1)&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    Use the graph of the function $f$ to sketch the graph of the following functions.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/fun10.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    $\begin{array}{lll}&lt;br /&gt;                    \text{(a) } g(x) = f(x) + 1 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text{(b) }	h(x) = f(x)-1  \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text{(c) } p(x) = f(x-1) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text{(d) } F(x) = f(x+2) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text{(e) } G(x) = f(x+1) - 2\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text{(f) } H(x) = f(x-1) + 1&lt;br /&gt;                    \end{array}$&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                              &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;(a)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;$g(x) = f(x) + 1$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;The grph of $y=g(x)$ can be obtained by shifting the grph of $y=f(x)$ 1 unit up.&lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                 &lt;br /&gt;                              &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/no1_a.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;(b)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;$h(x) = f(x)-1$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                        &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                        &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;The grph of $y=h(x)$ can be obtained by shifting the grph of $y=f(x)$ 1 unit down.&lt;br /&gt;                                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                      &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                  &lt;br /&gt;                                &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                &lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;                                &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/no1_b.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;(c)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;$p(x) = f(x-1)$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                        &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                        &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;The grph of $y=p(x)$ can be obtained by shifting the grph of $y=f(x)$ 1 unit right.&lt;br /&gt;                                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                      &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                  &lt;br /&gt;                                &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                &lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;                                &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/no1_c.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;(d)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;$F(x) = f(x+2)$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                        &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                        &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;The grph of $y=F(x)$ can be obtained by shifting the grph of $y=f(x)$ 2 units left.&lt;br /&gt;                                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                      &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                 &lt;br /&gt;                                &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                &lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;                                &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/no1_d.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;(e)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;$G(x) = f(x+1)$ -2&lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                        &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                        &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;The grph of $y=G(x)$ can be obtained by shifting the grph of $y=f(x)$ 1 unit left followed by 2 units down.&lt;br /&gt;                                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                      &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                 &lt;br /&gt;                                &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                &lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;                                &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/no1_e.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;(f)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;$H(x) = f(x-1)$ + 1 &lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                        &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                        &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;The grph of $y=H(x)$ can be obtained by shifting the grph of $y=f(x)$ 1 unit right followed by 1 unit up.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                      &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                  &lt;br /&gt;                                &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                &lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;                                &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/no1_f.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;div class=&quot;box-example&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;       &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;h4 class=&quot;box-legend&quot;&gt;Question (2) &lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                Draw the graph $f(x) = x^2$. Hence using the transformations of $f(x)$, draw the graph of the following functions.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;               &lt;br /&gt;                $\begin{array}{lll}&lt;br /&gt;                \text{(a) } g(x) = f(x) + 1 \\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                \text{(b) }	h(x) = f(x) - 3 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                \text{(c) } p(x) = f(x-1) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                \text{(d) } F(x) = f(x+3) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                \text{(e) } G(x) = f(x+1) - 2 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                \text{(f   ) } H(x) = f(x-2) + 3&lt;br /&gt;                \end{array}$&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;               &lt;br /&gt;                    To sketch the graph of $y=x^2$, we should find some sample points on the graph.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    $\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}&lt;br /&gt;                    \hline x &amp; -2 &amp; -1 &amp; 0 &amp; 1 &amp; 2\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \hline y &amp; 4 &amp; 1 &amp; 0 &amp; 1 &amp; 4\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \hline&lt;br /&gt;                    \end{array}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/No2.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;(a) &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt; $g(x)=f(x)+1$&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                              &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                              &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;The grph of $y=g(x)$ can be obtained by shifting the grph of $y=f(x)$ 1 unit up.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                       &lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/No2a.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;(b)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;$h(x)=f(x)−3$&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                              &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                              &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;The grph of $y=h(x)$ can be obtained by shifting the grph of $y=f(x)$ 3 units down.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/No2_b.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;(c)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;$p(x)=f(x−1)$&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;The grph of $y=p(x)$ can be obtained by shifting the grph of $y=f(x)$ 1 unit right.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/No2_c.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;(d)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;$F(x)=f(x+3)$&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;The grph of $y=F(x)$ can be obtained by shifting the grph of $y=f(x)$ 3 units left.&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/No2_d.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;(e)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;$G(x)=f(x+1)−2$&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;The grph of $y=G(x)$ can be obtained by shifting the grph of $y=f(x)$ 1 unit left followed by 2 units down.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/No2_e.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;(f)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;$H(x)=f(x−2)+3$&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;The grph of $y=H(x)$ can be obtained by shifting the grph of $y=f(x)$ 2 units right followed by 3 units up.&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/No2_f.png&quot;/&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;box-example&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;          &lt;h4 class=&quot;box-legend&quot;&gt;Question (3) &lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;          &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              Draw the graph $f(x) = |x|$. Hence using the transformations of $f(x)$, draw the graph of the following functions.&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;              $\begin{array}{lll}&lt;br /&gt;              \text{(a) } g(x) = f(x) + 1 \\\\ &lt;br /&gt;              \text{(b) }	h(x) = f(x) - 3 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;              \text{(c) } p(x) = f(x-1) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;              \text{(d) } F(x) = f(x+3) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;              \text{(e) } G(x) = f(x+1) - 2 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;              \text{(f   ) } H(x) = f(x-2) + 3&lt;br /&gt;              \end{array}$&lt;br /&gt;          &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;          &lt;br /&gt;                  To sketch the graph of $y=x^2$, we should find some sample points on the graph.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  $\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}&lt;br /&gt;                  \hline x &amp; -2 &amp; -1 &amp; 0 &amp; 1 &amp; 2\\&lt;br /&gt;                  \hline y &amp; 2 &amp; 1 &amp; 0 &amp; 1 &amp; 2\\&lt;br /&gt;                  \hline&lt;br /&gt;                  \end{array}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/No3.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;(a) &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt; $g(x)=f(x)+1$&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;The grph of $y=g(x)$ can be obtained by shifting the grph of $y=f(x)$ 1 unit up.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/No3_a.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;(b)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;$h(x)=f(x)−3$&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;The grph of $y=h(x)$ can be obtained by shifting the grph of $y=f(x)$ 3 units down.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/No3_b.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;(c)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;$p(x)=f(x−1)$&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;The grph of $y=p(x)$ can be obtained by shifting the grph of $y=f(x)$ 1 unit right.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/No3_c.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;(d)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;$F(x)=f(x+3)$&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;The grph of $y=F(x)$ can be obtained by shifting the grph of $y=f(x)$ 3 units left.&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/No3_d.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;(e)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;$G(x)=f(x+1)−2$&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;The grph of $y=G(x)$ can be obtained by shifting the grph of $y=f(x)$ 1 unit left followed by 2 units down.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/No3_e.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;(f)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;$H(x)=f(x−2)+3$&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;The grph of $y=H(x)$ can be obtained by shifting the grph of $y=f(x)$ 2 units right followed by 3 units up.&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/No3_f.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;    &lt;div class=&quot;box-example&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;h4 class=&quot;box-legend&quot;&gt;Question (4) &lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            Draw the graph $f(x) = \sqrt{x}$. Hence using the transformations of $f(x)$, draw the graph of the following functions.&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;           &lt;br /&gt;            $\begin{array}{lll}&lt;br /&gt;            \text{(a) } g(x) = f(x) + 1 \\\\ &lt;br /&gt;            \text{(b) }	h(x) = f(x) - 3 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            \text{(c) } p(x) = f(x-1) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            \text{(d) } F(x) = f(x+3) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            \text{(e) } G(x) = f(x+1) - 2 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            \text{(f   ) } H(x) = f(x-2) + 3&lt;br /&gt;            \end{array}$&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;/p&gt;&lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;       &lt;br /&gt;                To sketch the graph of $y=x^2$, we should find some sample points on the graph.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                $\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|}&lt;br /&gt;                \hline x &amp; 0 &amp; 1 &amp; 4  \\&lt;br /&gt;                \hline y &amp; 0 &amp; 1 &amp; 2  \\&lt;br /&gt;                \hline&lt;br /&gt;                \end{array}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/No4.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;(a) &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt; $g(x)=f(x)+1$&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;The grph of $y=g(x)$ can be obtained by shifting the grph of $y=f(x)$ 1 unit up.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/No4_a.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;(b)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;$h(x)=f(x)−3$&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;The grph of $y=h(x)$ can be obtained by shifting the grph of $y=f(x)$ 3 units down.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/No4_b.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;(c)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;$p(x)=f(x−1)$&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;The grph of $y=p(x)$ can be obtained by shifting the grph of $y=f(x)$ 1 unit right.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/No4_c.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;(d)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;$F(x)=f(x+3)$&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;The grph of $y=F(x)$ can be obtained by shifting the grph of $y=f(x)$ 3 units left.&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/No4_d.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;(e)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;$G(x)=f(x+1)−2$&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;The grph of $y=G(x)$ can be obtained by shifting the grph of $y=f(x)$ 1 unit left followed by 2 units down.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/No4_e.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;(f)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;$H(x)=f(x−2)+3$&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;The grph of $y=H(x)$ can be obtained by shifting the grph of $y=f(x)$ 2 units right followed by 3 units up.&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/No4_f.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;      &lt;div class=&quot;box-example&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;h4 class=&quot;box-legend&quot;&gt;Question (5)&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;          If the graph of the quadratic function $f(x)$ has the vertex at $(-1,3)$, state the vertex after the given translations:&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;          &lt;br /&gt;          $\begin{array}{lll}&lt;br /&gt;            \text{(a) } f(x-2)+2\\\\ &lt;br /&gt;            \text{(b) }	f(x)-5   \\\\&lt;br /&gt;             \text{(c) } f(x+1)-3 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            \text{(d) } f(x-6) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            \text{(e) } f(x+1) - 2\qquad\quad \\\\&lt;br /&gt;             \text{(f) } f(x+2) + 1&lt;br /&gt;          \end{array}$&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;/p&gt;&lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;            \text{(a) } &amp; f(x-2)+2 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                  &amp; (-1, 3)\rightarrow (-1+2, 3+2)=(1, 5)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;            \text{(b) } &amp; f(x)-5 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                  &amp; (-1, 3)\rightarrow (-1, 3-5)=(-1, -2)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;            \text{(c) } &amp; f(x+1)-3 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                  &amp; (-1, 3)\rightarrow (-1-1, 3-3)=(-2, 0)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;            \text{(d) } &amp; f(x-6) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                  &amp; (-1, 3)\rightarrow (-1+6, 3)=(5, 3)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;            \text{(e) } &amp; f(x+1)-2 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                  &amp; (-1, 3)\rightarrow (-1-1, 3-2)=(-2, 1)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;            \text{(f) } &amp; f(x+2)+1 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                  &amp; (-1, 3)\rightarrow (-1-2, 3+1)=(-3, 4)&lt;br /&gt;            \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;           &lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;        &lt;div class=&quot;box-example&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;h4 class=&quot;box-legend&quot;&gt;Question (6) &lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        If the points $A(2,-3)$ lies on the graph of $y=f(x)$. Use transformation to find the map point of $A$ &lt;br /&gt;        on the graph $y= g(x)$ such that &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;	&lt;br /&gt;        (a) $g(x) = f(x-2) + 1$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;        (b) $g(x) = f(x+1) - \frac{1}{2}$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;/p&gt;&lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;           Let the mapped point of  $A(2, -3)$  be  $A&#39;(a,b)$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;          &lt;br /&gt;          $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;      		&amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;          \text{(a) } &amp; \text{ After translation by } f(x-2)+1 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                &amp; a=2+2 = 4, b=-3+1=2\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                &amp; \text{ The mapped point is } A&#39;(4,2)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;          \text{(b) } &amp; \text{ After translation by } f(x+1) -\frac{1}{2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                &amp; a=2-1 = 1, b=-3-\frac{1}{2}=- \frac{7}{2}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                &amp; \text{ The mapped point is } A&#39;\left(1,-\frac{7}{2}\right)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;          \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;         &lt;br /&gt;          &lt;br /&gt;          &lt;br /&gt;          &lt;br /&gt;          &lt;br /&gt;          &lt;div class=&quot;box-example&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;h4 class=&quot;box-legend&quot;&gt;Question (7)&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      State the parent function and the translation that is occurring in each of the following functions. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;    &lt;img class=&quot;display1&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/No7.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;     &lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;          &lt;img class=&quot;display1&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/No7_ans.png&quot;/&gt; </content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/feeds/7643266344157284435/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2023/11/transformation-of-functions-translation.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/7643266344157284435'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/7643266344157284435'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2023/11/transformation-of-functions-translation.html' title='Transformation of Functions: Translation'/><author><name>anak medan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16672862772445386879</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgthoTbVjZ2JMlo0HXCFSFJYZYlK0TU90RI4fBMhQTgSMujKOMMrkiX-mzdZf_smz7G9o5tQzHpyp-TCrFEy-vb0nY1Ypxc1DnNzpcZpHYPrlJ6-q7RLLgVvTnfgpSjNjyIvsJFQcMUuMHS_CrDbQfHiB2SZcap8Agkfz97x1dIsfsGwWQy2mXES9pRKA=s72-c" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1686458996561451855.post-8099339083539015545</id><published>2023-11-14T02:43:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2023-11-14T23:08:19.012+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="algebra"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="AS level"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="cie"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="edexcel"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="functions"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="grade11"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Pure Math"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="reflection"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="transformation"/><title type='text'>Transformation of Functions: Reflection</title><content type='html'>&lt;div id=&quot;google_translate_element&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;script type=&quot;text/javascript&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;function googleTranslateElementInit() {&lt;br /&gt; 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 &lt;br /&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;box-definition&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;h4 class=&quot;box-legend&quot;&gt;Vertical Reflection (Reflection about $x$-axis) &lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    Given a function $f(x)$, a new function $g(x)=-f(x)$&lt;br /&gt;                    is a horizontal reflection (reflection about the $x$-axis) of the function. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/fun22.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;div class=&quot;box-definition&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;p class=&quot;box-legend&quot;&gt;&lt;h4&gt;Horizontal Reflection (Reflection about $y$-axis) &lt;/h4&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                Given a function $f(x)$, a new function $g(x)=-f(x)$&lt;br /&gt;                is a horizontal reflection (reflection about the $y$-axis) of the function.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;img class=&quot;display1&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/fun21.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;          &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;div class=&quot;box-example&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;h4 class=&quot;box-legend&quot;&gt;Question (1)&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    The following are the sketch of the graphs of $y=f(x)$ and $y=g(x)$. Determine whether the  &lt;br /&gt;                    graphs of $y=g(x)$ represents horizontal or  vertical reflection of that of $y=f(x)$.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt; (a)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/fun26.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt; (b)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/fun27.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt; (c)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/fun28.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt; (d)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/fun29.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt; (e)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/fun30.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt; (f)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/fun31.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                    $\text{(a) }$ horizontal reflection&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    $\text{(b) }$ vertical reflection&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    $\text{(c) }$ vertical reflection&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    $\text{(d) }$ horizontal reflection&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    $\text{(e) }$ vertical reflection&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    $\text{(f) }$ horizontalreflection&lt;br/&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;box-example&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;          &lt;h4 class=&quot;box-legend&quot;&gt;Question (2) &lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                Assume that $(a, b)$ is a point on the graph of $y=f(x)$. &lt;br /&gt;                What is the corresponding point on the graph of each &lt;br /&gt;              of the following functions?  &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;          &lt;br /&gt;                $\begin{array}{l}&lt;br /&gt;                    \text{(a) } y=f(-x)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text{(b) } y=-f(x)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text{(c) } y=f(3-x)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text{(d) } y=f(-x)-3&lt;br /&gt;                \end{array}$&lt;br /&gt;               &lt;br /&gt;               &lt;br /&gt;               &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br/&gt; &lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;                $\begin{array}{l}&lt;br /&gt;                    \text{(a) }(-a, b)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text{(b) } (a,-b)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text{(c) } (3-a, b)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text{(d) } (-a, b-3)&lt;br /&gt;                \end{array}$&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;    &lt;div class=&quot;box-example&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;h4 class=&quot;box-legend&quot;&gt;Question (3) &lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;             The figure shows the graph of  $y=h(x)$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;             &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/fun32.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;	        Sketch the graphs of each of the following functions.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            $\begin{array}{l}&lt;br /&gt;                \text{(a) } y=-h(x)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                \text{(b) } y=h(-x)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                \text{(c) } y=h(-x)+2\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                \text{(d) } h(x-2)&lt;br /&gt;            \end{array}$&lt;br /&gt;	       &lt;br /&gt;        &lt;/p&gt;&lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;                &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt; (a) $y=-h(x)$&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/3.2_No2a.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt; (b) $y=y=h(-x)$&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/3.2_No2b.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt; (c) $y=y=h(-x)+2$&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/3.2_No2c.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt; (d) $y=h(x-2)$&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/3.2_No2d.png&quot;/&gt;       &lt;/div&gt;    &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;box-example&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;h4 class=&quot;box-legend&quot;&gt;Question (4)&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            If $g$ is obtained from $f$ through a sequence of transformations, find an equation for $g$.&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt; (a)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/fun33.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt; (b)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/fun34.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;       &lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;                &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;$\text{(a)}$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                             &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                             The graph of $g$ is obtained by shifting the graph of $f$, 4 units left and then reflecting in $x$-axis.&lt;br /&gt;                             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt; $g(x) = -f(x+4)$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;$\text{(b)}$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            The graph of $g$ is obtained by shifting the graph of $f$, 5 units left and 1 uint up and then reflecting in $x$-axis.&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                       &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                       &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                           &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                           &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt; $g(x) = -f(x-5)+1$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;     &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;h4 class=&quot;box-legend&quot;&gt;Question (5) &lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;p&gt;  Which of the following is true?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;       &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;         &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;           &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;$\text{(a)}$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;           &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;          If $f(x)=|x|$ and $g(x)=|x+3|+3$, then the graph of $g$ is a translation of three units to &lt;br /&gt;          the right and three units upward of the graph of $f$.&lt;br /&gt;           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;         &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;         &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;           &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;$\text{(b)}$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;           &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;          If $f(x)=-\sqrt{x}$ and $g(x)=\sqrt{-x}$, then $f$ and $g$ have identical graphs.&lt;br /&gt;           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;         &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;         &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;           &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;$\text{(c)}$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;          If $f(x)=x^{2}$ and $g(x)=-\left(x^{2}-2\right)$, then the graph of $g$ can be obtained &lt;br /&gt;          from the graph of $f$ by a downward shift of two units and then reflecting in the $x$-axis.&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;         &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;         &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;           &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;$\text{(d)}$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;          If $f(x)=x^{3}$ and $g(x)=-(x-3)^{3}-4$, then the graph of $g$ can be obtained from the graph &lt;br /&gt;          of $f$ by moving $f$ three units to the right, reflecting in the $x$-axis, and then moving the &lt;br /&gt;          resulting graph down four units.&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;         &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;        &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;       &lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            $\begin{array}{l}&lt;br /&gt;                \text{(a)  false}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                \text{(b)  false}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                \text{(c)  true}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                \text{(d)  true}&lt;br /&gt;            \end{array}$&lt;br /&gt;                        </content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/feeds/8099339083539015545/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2023/11/transformation-of-functions-reflection.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/8099339083539015545'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/8099339083539015545'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2023/11/transformation-of-functions-reflection.html' title='Transformation of Functions: Reflection'/><author><name>anak medan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16672862772445386879</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje0VGyNff3TH_NygmE8gvLQ1ORLJKgYNOAl5E5id_s52WdncDh_1JvWHAHBXuGoFev3iod8pSNIYU7Zr21jqwPii9dnOtKk5Ex0PuKu7Jm-Rmt4pmnZCuRYgDXHGfFkCTht1QiheAue3iGOqJwkiDrKwGF-YkyXFCGlW5Fb0Okwt0YsWn_KoF-uP1S3w/s72-c/Reflection.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1686458996561451855.post-1269933896103927106</id><published>2023-11-14T02:39:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2023-11-14T23:08:19.311+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="algebra"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="AS level"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="cie"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="dilation"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="edexcel"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="functions"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="grade11"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Pure Math"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="stretch of functions"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="transformation"/><title type='text'>Transformation of Functions: Dilation (Stretches)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div id=&quot;google_translate_element&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;script type=&quot;text/javascript&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;function googleTranslateElementInit() {&lt;br /&gt; 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               font-family: Poppins;&lt;br /&gt;            }&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            .box-legend {&lt;br /&gt;                display: block;&lt;br /&gt;                overflow: hidden;&lt;br /&gt;                margin: 0 0 0px 12px;&lt;br /&gt;                transform: translate(-11px,0);&lt;br /&gt;                break-inside: avoid-page!important;&lt;br /&gt;                page-break-inside: avoid!important;&lt;br /&gt;                text-align: left!important;&lt;br /&gt;                padding-top: 20px;&lt;br /&gt;              	padding-left:10px;&lt;br /&gt;                }&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            .example {&lt;br /&gt;	        /*position: relative;*/ /*Only need if doing the border on the outside the other way,*/&lt;br /&gt;	                margin: 1em auto;&lt;br /&gt;	                padding: 0.75em;&lt;br /&gt;	                width: 90%;&lt;br /&gt;	                border-top: none;&lt;br /&gt;	                border-right: none;&lt;br /&gt;	                border-bottom:  none;&lt;br /&gt;	                border-left: 2px solid;&lt;br /&gt;	                border-image: linear-gradient(#140279, white) 0 0 0 100% stretch;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;	                /*border-image: linear-gradient(DeepSkyBlue, transparent) 0 0 0 100% stretch;*/&lt;br /&gt;                    }&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            .example .title {&lt;br /&gt;	            color:  rgb(85, 3, 3);&lt;br /&gt;	            width: 100%; /*Extra width compensates for the shifting it left*/&lt;br /&gt;	            margin-top: -.5em;&lt;br /&gt;	            margin-left: -1.5em;&lt;br /&gt;	            margin-bottom: .5em;&lt;br /&gt;	            padding-left: 1.5em; /*Need to cancel the margin-left to put the header where we want it*/&lt;br /&gt;	            border-right: none;&lt;br /&gt;	            border-bottom:  1px solid;&lt;br /&gt;	            border-left: none;&lt;br /&gt;	            border-image: linear-gradient(to right, #140279, white)  0 0 110% 0 stretch;&lt;br /&gt;	            /*border-image: linear-gradient(to right, DeepSkyBlue, transparent)  0 0 110% 0 stretch;*/&lt;br /&gt;                }&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            .wrapper{&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                max-width: 960px;&lt;br /&gt;                display: flex;&lt;br /&gt;                padding: 20px;&lt;br /&gt;                margin: auto;&lt;br /&gt;                flex-wrap: wrap;&lt;br /&gt;                background-color: white;&lt;br /&gt;                border-radius: 10px;&lt;br /&gt;                font-family: Poppins;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;            }&lt;br /&gt;            .display {&lt;br /&gt;            display: block;&lt;br /&gt;            margin-left: auto;&lt;br /&gt;            margin-right: auto;&lt;br /&gt;            width: 50%;&lt;br /&gt;            }&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            .display1 {&lt;br /&gt;            display: block;&lt;br /&gt;            margin-left: auto;&lt;br /&gt;            margin-right: auto;&lt;br /&gt;            width: 100%;&lt;br /&gt;            }&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/style&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wrapper&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;!--Definitions --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;div class=&quot;box-definition&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;h4  class=&quot;box-legend&quot;&gt;Vertical Stretches and Compressions&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p&gt; Given a function $f(x)$, a new function $g(x)=c f(x)$, where $c$ is a positive constant, &lt;br /&gt;            is a vertical stretch or vertical compression (parallel to the $y$-axis) of the function &lt;br /&gt;            $f(x)$ with a scale factor $c$.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;li&gt; If $c&gt;1$, then the graph will be stretched.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;li&gt; If $0&amp;lt; c&amp;lt; 1$, then the graph will be compressed.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;        &lt;div class=&quot;box-definition&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;h4  class=&quot;box-legend&quot;&gt;Horizontal Stretches and Compressions&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;          &lt;br /&gt;          &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            Given a function $f(x)$, a new function $g(x)= f(cx)$, where $c$ is a positive constant, &lt;br /&gt;            is a horizontal stretch or horizontal compression (parallel to the $x$-axis) of the function&lt;br /&gt;             $f(x)$ with a scale factor $\frac{1}{c}$.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;li&gt; If $c&gt;1$, then the graph will be compressed by $\dfrac{1}{c}$.   &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;li&gt; If $0&amp;lt; c&amp;lt; 1$, then the graph will be stretched $\dfrac{1}{c}$.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;!-- Question Start --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;div class=&quot;example&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;         &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;h4 class=&quot;title&quot;&gt;Question 1&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt; The point $P(3, -2)$ lies on the graph $y=f(x)$. &lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                State the coordinates of the map of the point $P$ on each of the following graph .&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;	&lt;br /&gt;                $\begin{array}{l}&lt;br /&gt;                \\&lt;br /&gt;                \text{(a) } y=f(2x)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                \text{(b) } y=f(2x-1) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                \text{(c) } y= f(2x-1) -3\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                \text{(d) } y=3f(x)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                \text{(e) } y=-3f(x)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                \text{(f) } y=-3f(-x)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                \end{array}$&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        Let the mapped point of $P(3, -2)$ be  $P&#39;(a, b)$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(a) } \quad &amp; \text{ On the curve } y=f(2x),\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;a=\dfrac{1}{2}\times 3 = \dfrac{3}{2}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;b=-2\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        The mapped point of $P(3, -2)$ on the curve $y=f(2x)$ is $\left(\dfrac{3}{2},-2\right)$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(b) } \quad &amp; \text{ On the curve } y=f(2x-1),\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;a=\dfrac{1}{2}\times (3 +1) = 2\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;b=-2\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        The mapped point of $P(3, -2)$ on the curve $y=f(2x)$ is $(2,-2)$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(c) } \quad &amp; \text{ On the curve } y=f(2x-1)-3,\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;a=\dfrac{1}{2}\times (3 +1) = 2\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;b=-2-3=-5\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        The mapped point of $P(2, -5)$ on the curve $y=f(2x)$ is $(2,-5)$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(d) } \quad &amp; \text{ On the curve } y=3f(x),\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;a=3\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;b=3(-2)=-6\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        The mapped point of $P(3, -2)$ on the curve $y=f(2x)$ is $(3,-6)$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(e) } \quad &amp; \text{ On the curve } y=-3f(x),\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;a=3\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;b=-3(-2)=6\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        The mapped point of $P(3, -2)$ on the curve $y=f(2x)$ is $(3,6)$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(d) } \quad &amp; \text{ On the curve } y=-3f(-x),\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;a=-3\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;b=3(-2)=-6\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        The mapped point of $P(3, -2)$ on the curve $y=f(2x)$ is $(-3,-6)$&lt;br/&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;        &lt;!-- Question Start --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;div class=&quot;example&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;h4 class=&quot;title&quot;&gt;Question 2&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            The point $P(-1, 3)$ lies on the graph $y=f(x)$. State the coordinates of the map of the point $P$ &lt;br /&gt;            on each of the following graph .&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            	&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;$&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;                   \text{(a)}$&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;                          On the graph of $y=a f(x)$, where $a$ is a positive constant, the point $P$ is mapped to &lt;br /&gt;                    the point $(-1,1)$. Determine the value of $a$.&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;$&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;                   \text{(b)}$&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;                          On the graph of $y={f}(k x)$, where $k$ is a positive constant, the point $P$ is mapped &lt;br /&gt;                    to the point $(-3,3)$. Determine the value of $k$.&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                                        &lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;$&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;br /&gt;                                    \text{(a)}$&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;br /&gt;                                        The point $P(−1,3)$ lies on the graph $y=f(x)$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                  &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;                                  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                                        &lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;br /&gt;                                     The mapped point of $P$ on the graph $y=af(x)$ is $(-1, 3a)$.&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                  &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                       &lt;br /&gt;              						&lt;tr&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;br /&gt;                                     By the problem, the mapped point of $P$ on the graph $y=af(x)$ is $(-1, 1)$.&lt;br /&gt;               &lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                  &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                  &lt;br /&gt;                                  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;br /&gt;                                     $\therefore\ 3a = 1\Rightarrow a=\dfrac{1}{3}$&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                  &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                         &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;$&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;br /&gt;                            \text{(b)}$&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;br /&gt;                                The point $P(−1,3)$ lies on the graph $y=f(x)$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                                &lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;br /&gt;                             The mapped point of $P$ on the graph $y=f(kx)$ is $\left(-\dfrac{1}{k}, 3\right)$.&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;               &lt;br /&gt;      						&lt;tr&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;br /&gt;                             By the problem, the mapped point of $P$ on the graph $y=af(x)$ is $(-3, 3)$.&lt;br /&gt;       &lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;br /&gt;                                  &lt;br /&gt;                             &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                               &lt;br /&gt;                               &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;br /&gt;                             $\therefore\ -\dfrac{1}{k} = -3\Rightarrow k=\dfrac{1}{3}$&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                       &lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                       &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;        &lt;div class=&quot;example&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;h4 class=&quot;title&quot;&gt;Question 3&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                The point $A(a, b)$ lies on the graph $y=f(x)$. State the coordinates of the map &lt;br /&gt;                of the point $A$ on each of the following graphs.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                $\begin{array}{l}&lt;br /&gt;                \\&lt;br /&gt;                \text{(a) } y=\dfrac{1}{2}f(x) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                \text{(b) } y=3f(x) + 1 \\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                \text{(c) } y=f(2x-1)&lt;br /&gt;                \end{array}$&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        The point $A(a,b)$ lies on the graph $y=f(x)$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(a) }\ &amp;\text{On the curve } y=\dfrac{1}{2}f(x)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text{The mapped point of } A \text{ is } \left(a,\dfrac{b}{2}\right)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(b) }\ &amp;\text{On the curve } y=3f(x)+1\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text{The mapped point of } A \text{ is } \left(a,3b+1\right)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(c) }\ &amp;\text{On the curve } y=f(2x-1)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text{The mapped point of } A \text{ is } \left(\dfrac{a+1}{2},b\right)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;        &lt;div class=&quot;example&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;h4 class=&quot;title&quot;&gt;Question 4&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;                The figure shows the parabola with equation y = f ( x ) with vertex at B( 2,4). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                The graph cuts the x axis at O( 0, 0)  and at the point A( 4, 0).&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/fun45.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                Sketch on a separate set of axes the graph of …&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                &amp;\text{(a) } y=3f(x)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                &amp;\text{(b) } y=f\left(\frac{x}{2}\right)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                Each sketch must include the coordinates of any points where the graph crosses the &lt;br /&gt;                coordinate axes and the new coordinates of the vertex of the curve. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;b&gt;(a)&lt;/b&gt;                      &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/3.3_No4_a.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;b&gt;(b)&lt;/b&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display1&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/3.3_No4_b.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;!-- Question Start --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;example&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;h4 class=&quot;title&quot;&gt;Question 5&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                The figure shows a sketch of the curve with equation $y = f(x)$. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                The curve passes through the points $(0, 3)$ and $(4, 0)$ and touches &lt;br /&gt;                the $x$-axis at the point $(1, 0)$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/fun46.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                On separate diagrams sketch the curve with equation ...&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                 $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                &amp;\text{(a) } y = f(2x)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                &amp;\text{(b) } y = 2f(x)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                &amp;\text{(c) } y = -2f(x)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                On each diagram show clearly the coordinates of all the points where the curve meets &lt;br /&gt;                the axes.&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;b&gt;(a)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/3.3_No5_a.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;b&gt;(b)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/3.3_No5_b.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;b&gt;(c)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/3.3_No5_c.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;!-- Question Start --&gt;       &lt;div class=&quot;example&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;h4 class=&quot;title&quot;&gt;Question 6&lt;/h4&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                Given that $f(x)=\sqrt{x}$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                The following table represents the coordinate of some points on the graph $y=f(x)$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                $\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|}&lt;br /&gt;                \hline x  &amp; 0 &amp; 1 &amp; 4 &amp; 9   \\&lt;br /&gt;                \hline y  &amp; 0 &amp; 1 &amp; 2 &amp; 3   \\&lt;br /&gt;                \hline&lt;br /&gt;                \end{array}$&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;$&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;                     \text{(a)}$&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;              &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;                  State the domain and range of $f(x)$.&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;$&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;                     \text{(b)}$&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;              &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;                 Use table to sketch the graph of $y=f(x)$.&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;$&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;                     \text{(c)}$&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;              &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;                  Describe the transformation that transforms the graph &lt;br /&gt;                        $y=\sqrt{x}$ to the graph $y=\sqrt{x-4}$.&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;$&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;                     \text{(d)}$&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;              &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;                 The graph $y=\sqrt{x}$ is stretched by a scale factor of &lt;br /&gt;                        $2$ parallel to the $x$-axis and then it is translated $3$ units right. &lt;br /&gt;                        State the equation of the transformed graph.&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;$&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;                     \text{(e)}$&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;              &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;                 The graph $y=\sqrt{x}$ is stretched by a scale factor of $5$ &lt;br /&gt;                        parallel to the $x$-axis. &lt;br /&gt;                        State the equation of the transformed graph.&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;$&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;                     \text{(f)}$&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;              &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;                  If $(8,4)$ is a point on the graph $y=f(cx)$, what is the value of $c$?&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;           &lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                        $\textbf{(a)}$  domain of $f=\{x\mid x\ge 0, x\in\mathbb{R}\}$ &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\quad\ \ $ range of $f= \{y\mid y\ge 0,  y\in\mathbb{R}\}$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\textbf{(b)}$ &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display1&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/TOF/3.3_No6_a.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\textbf{(c)}$  The graph of $y=\sqrt{x-4}$ is obtained from $y=\sqrt{x}$ by shifting $4$ units right. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\textbf{(d)}$  The equation of the transformed graph is $y=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2}(x-3)}$ &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\textbf{(e)}$  The equation of the transformed graph is $y=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{5}x}$ &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;br /&gt;                        $\textbf{(f)}$ The coordinates of any point on the graph $y=f(cx)$ is $(x, \sqrt{cx})$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        By the problem, $(8, 4)$ lies on the graph $y=f(cx)$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\  \sqrt{8c} &amp;= 4\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        8c &amp;= 16\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        c&amp;=2&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt; </content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/feeds/1269933896103927106/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2023/11/transformation-of-functions-dilation.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/1269933896103927106'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/1269933896103927106'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2023/11/transformation-of-functions-dilation.html' title='Transformation of Functions: Dilation (Stretches)'/><author><name>anak medan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16672862772445386879</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVHVYX2y02hceC1mZ23jDpZWnboNuIV2c05QJ5ZINx9ZgucIfaw-3Fjjs-9zE1kq47KFF8qP6_5Di8ZUIx0gL9leOTFjrR5F6yzwFANLrNtWdq3b7X-ij3RwIV13wnYLVTbOHcEjUYBe-zNUSTQUnndV03wKKUiq8kRs6vmaFknM7wVQ0goiAYz-VqFg/s72-c/Dilation_Cover.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1686458996561451855.post-624681170342235760</id><published>2023-11-14T02:33:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2023-11-14T23:08:19.610+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Alevel"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="algebra"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="cie"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="edexcel"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="functions"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="grade12"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="iteration"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="numerical method"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Pure Math"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="root of a function"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="stretch of functions"/><title type='text'>Find the Root of Equation by Numerical Method : Iteration</title><content type='html'>&lt;div id=&quot;google_translate_element&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;script type=&quot;text/javascript&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;function googleTranslateElementInit() {&lt;br /&gt; 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&lt;div class=&quot;wrapper&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;box-definition&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;h4  class=&quot;box-legend&quot;&gt;Roots of a Function&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;             &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;A root of a function is a value of $x$ for which $f(x)=0$. The graph of $y=f(x)$ will cross &lt;br /&gt;                the $x$-axis at points corresponding to the roots of the function.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;$f(x)=0$ ကို ပြေလည်စေသော $x$ တန်ဖိုးများကို $f(x)$ ၏ root ဟုခေါ်သည်။  $f(x)$ ၏ root များသည် $y=f(x)$ ဆိုသော graph &lt;br /&gt;             က $x$ ဝင်ရိုးကို ဖြတ်သွားသော ဖြတ်မှတ်များ ($x$-intercepts) နှင့် အတူတူပင်ဖြစ်သည်။ &lt;br /&gt;             &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;             &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;div class=&quot;box-definition&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;h4  class=&quot;box-legend&quot;&gt;Continuous Function&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;             &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                 A function is continuous when its graph is a single unbroken curve.&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;              ပေးထားသော domain အတွင်း function တစ်ခု၏ graph သည် ပြတ်တောက်နေခြင်းမရှိလျှင် &lt;br /&gt;              ၎င်း function ကို continuous ခေါ်သည်။&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                              &lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;img class=&quot;display1&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/Modulus/graph04.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                       &lt;center&gt;Continuous function&lt;/center&gt;       &lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                              &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                              &lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/Modulus/graph03.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;center&gt;Not continuous function&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;!--Definitions --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;div class=&quot;box-definition&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                 &lt;h4  class=&quot;box-legend&quot;&gt;Location of Roots&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;img class=&quot;display1&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/Modulus/graph24.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;center&gt; &lt;b&gt;Fig: The graph of y=f(x)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        အထက်ဖော်ပြပါပုံတွင် $f(c)=0$ ဖြစ်သည်။ ထို့ကြောင့် $c$ သည် $f(x)=0$ ၏ root ဖြစ်သည်။ &lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;                        graph အရ&lt;br /&gt;                        $f(a) &gt; 0$  ဖြစ်ပြီး  $f(b) &amp;lt; 0$ ဖြစ်သည်။ &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        ထို့ကြောင့် အောက်ပါမှန်ကန်ချက်ကို ကောက်ချက်ဆွဲနိုင်သည်။ &lt;br /&gt;                       &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                       &lt;br /&gt;                       &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify; color: rgb(89, 0, 255); font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;If the function $f(x)$ is continuous on the interval $[a, b]$ and &lt;br /&gt;                        $f(a)$ and $f(b)$ have opposite signs, then $f(x)$ has &lt;span style=&quot;color:#140279; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;at least one root&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;br /&gt;                        $x$, which satisfies $a &amp;lt; x &amp;lt; b$.&lt;br /&gt;                 &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                 &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify; color: rgb(89, 0, 255); font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                 ကြားပိုင်း $a$ နှင့် $b$ အတွင်း $f(x)$ သည် continuous ဖြစ်ပြီး $f(a)$ ၏ လက္ခဏာနှင့်  $f(b)$ ၏ လက္ခဏာ &lt;br /&gt;                 ဆန့်ကျင်ဘက်ဖြစ်လျှင် $f(x)=0$ ဖြစ်စေသော $x$ တန်ဖိုး (root) &lt;br /&gt;                 &lt;span style=&quot;color:#140279; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;အနည်းဆုံးတစ်ခု&lt;/span&gt; ရှိသည်။ &lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;div class=&quot;box-definition&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;h4  class=&quot;box-legend&quot;&gt;Notice&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;ul style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;li&gt;$f(a)$ ၏ လက္ခဏာနှင့်  $f(b)$ ၏ လက္ခဏာ &lt;br /&gt;                    ဆန့်ကျင်ဘက်ဖြစ်လျှင် root တစ်ခုအနည်းဆုံးရှိသည် ဆိုသည်မှာ တစ်ခုသာရှိသည်ဟု မဆိုလို။&lt;br /&gt;                    တစ်ခုထက်ပိုမို၍လည်း ရှိနိုင်သည်။&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;li&gt;$f(a)$ ၏ လက္ခဏာနှင့်  $f(b)$ ၏ လက္ခဏာ ဆန့်ကျင်ဘက်ဖြစ်လျှင် root တစ်ခုအနည်းဆုံးရှိသည် ဆိုသည်မှာ&lt;br /&gt;                        လက္ခဏာမပြောင်းလျှင် root လုံးဝမရှိဟု မဆိုလိုပါ။တစ်ခုထက်ပိုမို၍လည်း ရှိနိုင်သည်။&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;               &lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                                &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                  &lt;br /&gt;                         &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/Modulus/graph06.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                             &lt;br /&gt;                         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                  &lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                  &lt;br /&gt;                         &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/Modulus/graph07.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;br /&gt;                       &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                                &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;td class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                  &lt;br /&gt;                         $f(a)&gt;0$ ဖြစ်ပြီး  $f(b)&amp;lt; 0$ ဖြစ်သည်။ လက္ခဏာပြောင်းသည်။ ဤသို့သော အခြေအနေတွင် &lt;br /&gt;                        root အရေအတွက်မှာ မ ဂဏန်းဖြစ်သည်။ &lt;br /&gt;                         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                  &lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                  &lt;br /&gt;                         $f(a)&amp;lt; 0$ ဖြစ်ပြီး  $f(b)&amp;lt; 0$ ဖြစ်သည်။ လက္ခဏာမပြောင်းပါ။ ဤသို့သော အခြေအနေတွင် &lt;br /&gt;                        root အရေအတွက်မှာ စုံ ဂဏန်းဖြစ်သည်။ &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                       &lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;li&gt;root ၏ တည်နေရာကို ခန့်မှန်းခြင်းသည် root တန်ဖိုးကို ရှာယူခြင်းမဟုတ်ပါ။ &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;li&gt;အချို့သော ညီမျှခြင်းများသည် သင်္ချာဆိုင်ရာ လုပ်ထုံးများဖြင့် ဖြေရှင်းရန် အလွန်ခက်ခဲသော အခြေအနေမျိုးရှိတတ်သည်။ ထိုသို့သော&lt;br /&gt;                        အခြေအနေတွင် root ၏ တည်နေရာကို ခန့်မှန်းနိုင်ပြီဆိုပါက root ရရန်နည်းစပ်ပြီဟု ဆိုနိုင်သည်။&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;                 &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                 &lt;div class=&quot;box-definition&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;h4  class=&quot;box-legend&quot;&gt;To Find Approximate Solution from Root Loaction (Iterative Method)&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;p&gt;$2x^2-x-2=0, x&amp;lt; 0$ ၏ approximate solution ကို ရှာကြည့်ပါမည်။ &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;p&gt;ပေးထားသော ညီမျှခြင်းကို အောက်ပါအတိုင်း ပြင်ရေးကြည့်မည်။&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                    2x^2-x-2&amp;=0\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    2x^2-x&amp;=2\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    x^2-\frac{1}{2}x&amp;=1\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                   x\left( x-\frac{1}{2}\right)&amp;=1\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    x&amp;=\frac{1}{x-\frac{1}{2}}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                       ထို့ကြောင့် $2x^2-x-2=0$ ၏ အဖြေသည် $y=x$ နှင့်  $y=\dfrac{1}{x-\frac{1}{2}}$ တို့၏ ဖြတ်မှတ်ကို ရှာယူခြင်းနှင့်&lt;br /&gt;                        အတူတူပင်ဖြစ်သည်။&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;/p&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                       $F(x)=y=\dfrac{1}{x-\frac{1}{2}}$ ဟုသတ်မှတ်သည်ဆိုပါစို့။ ထိုအခါပေးတားသော ညီမျှခြင်းများသည် $x=F(x)$ ဖြစ်လာမည်။&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;img class=&quot;display1&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/Modulus/graph10a.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   Graph အရ ဖြတ်မှတ်သည် $x=-2$ နှင့် $x=0$ ကြားတွင် ရှိသည်။ သို့သော်လက်တွေ့တွင် မည်သည့်နေရာ၌ ဖြတ်သည်ကို ကြိုတင်&lt;br /&gt;                   သိရှိခြင်းမရှိသောကြောင့် $x=0$ တွင် graph နှစ်ခု ဖြတ်သွားသည်ဟု ခန့်မှန်းပါမည်။ $x=0$ တွင် graph နှစ်ခု အမှန်တကယ် ဖြတ်သွား&lt;br /&gt;                   လျှင် $F(0)=0$ ဖြစ်မည်ပါမည်။&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;p&gt;$F(0)=\dfrac{1}{0-\frac{1}{2}}=-2$&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   ထို့ကြောင့် $x\ne F(x)$ ဖြစ်သောကြောင့် $x=0$ တွင် graph နှစ်ခု မဖြတ်ကြောင်းသိနိုင်ပြီး $x=0$ သည် ပေထားသော&lt;br /&gt;                   ညီမျှခြင်း၏ solution မဟုတ်ကြောင်း သိနိုင်သည်။ &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                     $F(0)=-2$ မှ ရရှိသော $-2$ ကို root အဖြစ်ယူဆပြီး ဆက်၍ ရှာကြည့်ပါမည်။&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                     $F(-2)=\dfrac{1}{-2-\frac{1}{2}}=-0.4, F(-2)\ne-2$ ဖြစ်သည်။ ထို့ကြောင့် $x=-2$ သည် ပေထားသော&lt;br /&gt;                     ညီမျှခြင်း၏ solution မဟုတ်ပါ။ &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;img class=&quot;display1&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/Modulus/graph11.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                     အထက်ပါနည်းအတိုင်း ရရှိလာသော $F(x)$ ကို $x_{\text{new}}$ ဟုယူဆပြီး တန်ဖိုးများကို ဆက်လက်ရှာကြည့်ပါမည်။&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;center&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   $\begin{array}{|l|l|c|}&lt;br /&gt;                   \hline \quad x       &amp;   F(x)	&amp; \text{Remark}\\&lt;br /&gt;                   \hline \quad 0		        &amp;   -2		&amp; x\ne F(x) \\&lt;br /&gt;                   \hline -2		    &amp;   -0.4	&amp; x\ne F(x) \\&lt;br /&gt;                   \hline -0.4		    &amp;   -1.111	&amp; x\ne F(x) \\&lt;br /&gt;                   \hline -1.111		&amp;   -0.621	&amp; x\ne F(x) \\&lt;br /&gt;                   \hline -0.621		&amp;   -0.892	&amp; x\ne F(x) \\&lt;br /&gt;                   \hline -0.892		&amp;   -0.718	&amp; x\ne F(x) \\&lt;br /&gt;                   \hline -0.718		&amp;   -0.821	&amp; x\ne F(x) \\&lt;br /&gt;                   \hline -0.821		&amp;   -0.757	&amp; x\ne F(x) \\&lt;br /&gt;                   \hline -0.757		&amp;   -0.795	&amp; x\ne F(x) \\&lt;br /&gt;                   \hline -0.795		&amp;   -0.772	&amp; x\ne F(x) \\&lt;br /&gt;                   \hline -0.772		&amp;   -0.786	&amp; x\ne F(x) \\&lt;br /&gt;                   \hline -0.786		&amp;   -0.777	&amp; x\ne F(x) \\&lt;br /&gt;                   \hline -0.777		&amp;   -0.783	&amp; x\approx F(x) \\&lt;br /&gt;                   \hline -0.777		&amp;   -0.779	&amp; x\approx F(x) \\&lt;br /&gt;                   \hline -0.779		&amp;   -0.781	&amp; x\approx F(x) \\&lt;br /&gt;                   \hline -0.781		&amp;   -0.780	&amp; x\approx F(x) \\&lt;br /&gt;                   \hline -0.780		&amp;   -0.781	&amp; x\approx F(x) \\&lt;br /&gt;                   \hline&lt;br /&gt;                   \end{array}$&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/center&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                $x=F(x)$ ဖြစ်ရမည်ဟု မူလကသတ်မှတ်ခဲ့သည်ဖြစ်ရာ ဇယားပါ အချက်အလက်များအရ &lt;br /&gt;                $x=-0.78$(two decimal places) သည် ပေးထားသော ညီမျှခြင်း၏ root ဖြစ်သည်ဟု သိရှိနိုင်ပါသည်။ &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;color: blue;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;အဆိုပါအခြေအနေကို $x=F(x)$ သည် converge ဖြစ်သည်ဟု ခေါ်သည်။  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    မူလပေးထားသော ညီမျှခြင်း $2x^2-x-2=0, x&amp;lt; 0$ ကို quadratic formula ဖြင့် ပြန်၍ check လုပ်ကြည့်လျှင်...&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;br /&gt;                    $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                    &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                    x&amp;=\frac{-(-1)-\sqrt{(-1)^2-4(2)(-2)}}{2(2)}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    &amp;=-0.78\ (\text{two decimal places}), (\quad\because x &amp;lt; 0)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    အထက်ပါအတိုင်း ညီမျှခြင်းတစ်ခု၏ root ကို numerical merthod ဖြင့် ရှာယူနိုင်သည်။ ဖော်ပြခဲ့သော နည်းလမ်းကို &lt;br /&gt;                    iterative method ဟုခေါ်သည်။ Iterative method ကို အသုံးပြုပြီး အဖြေရှာခြင်း process ကို &lt;br /&gt;                    Iteration ဟုခေါ်သည်။ Iteration ကို Engineering, Computer Programming, Business စသော နယ်ပယ်များတွင် &lt;br /&gt;                    အသုံးချသည်။&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;div class=&quot;box-definition&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;h4  class=&quot;box-legend&quot;&gt;Iterative Method&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                When trying to solve &lt;span style=&quot;color: red;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;$f(x)$&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;br /&gt;                rearrange the equation to the form &lt;span style=&quot;color: red;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;$x=F(x)$&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;                When &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;$\alpha$&lt;/span&gt;  is the value &lt;br /&gt;                of $x$ such that $x=F(x)$ then &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;$\alpha$&lt;/span&gt; is also a &lt;br /&gt;                solution of $f(x)=0$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;h4  class=&quot;box-legend&quot;&gt;Iterative Formula&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            $$\begin{array}{|c|}&lt;br /&gt;            \hline&lt;br /&gt;            x_{n+1}=F(x_n)\\&lt;br /&gt;            \hline&lt;br /&gt;            \end{array}$$&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;!-- Question Start --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;div class=&quot;example&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;h4 class=&quot;title&quot;&gt;Question (1)&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                $f(x)=x^{2}-6 x+2$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                (a) Show that $f(x)=0$ can be written as $x=6-\dfrac{2}{x}$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                (b) Starting with $x=4$, use iterative formula to find a root of the &lt;br /&gt;                equation $f(x)=0$. Round your answers to 3 decimal places.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                (c) Use the quadratic formula to find the roots to the equation $f(x)=0$, &lt;br /&gt;                leaving your answer in the form $a \pm \sqrt{b}$, &lt;br /&gt;                where $a$ and $b$ are constants to be found.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(a) } \quad &amp;f(x)=x^2-6x+2\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text{ When } f(x)=0\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;x^2-6x+2 =0\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;x(x-6)=-2\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;x-6=-\frac{2}{x}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;x=6-\frac{2}{x}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Let $F(x)=6-\dfrac{2}{x}$, then we have an equation&lt;br /&gt;                        $x=F(x)$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\text{(b)}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{array}{|l|l|c|}&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline	    \quad x     &amp;   F(x)  	    &amp; \text{Remark}\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline 		4   		&amp;   5.5  	    &amp; x\ne F(x)\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline 		5.5   		&amp;   5.63636  	&amp; x\ne F(x)\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline 		5.63636  	&amp;   5.64516 	&amp; x\ne F(x) \\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline 		5.64516  	&amp;   5.64571 	&amp; x\approx F(x)\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline 		5.64571  	&amp;   5.64575 	&amp; x\approx F(x)\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline 		5.64575  	&amp;   5.64575 	&amp; x\approx F(x)\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{array}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\therefore\ $ A root of $f(x)=0$ is $5.646$ (3 decimal places).&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(c) } \quad  &amp;f(x)=x^2-6x+2\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text{ When } f(x)=0\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;x^2-6x+2 =0\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;x=\frac{-(-6)\pm\sqrt{(-6)^2-4(1)(2)}}{2(1)}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;x=3\pm\sqrt{7}&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;        &lt;!-- Question End --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;!-- Question Start --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;div class=&quot;example&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;h4 class=&quot;title&quot;&gt;Question (2)&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                $f(x)=x^{2}-6 x+1$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                (a) Show that the equation $f(x)=0$ can be written as $x=\sqrt{6 x-1}$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                (b) Sketch on the same axes the graphs of $y=x$ and $y=\sqrt{6 x-1}$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                (c) Write down the number of roots of $f(x)$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                (d) Use your diagram to explain why the iterative formula $x=\sqrt{6 x-1}$ &lt;br /&gt;                converges to a root of $f(x)$ when $x_{0}=2$.&lt;br/&gt;          &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(a) } \quad &amp;f(x)=x^2-6x+1 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text{When } f(x) = 0\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;x^2-6x+1 =0\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;x^2=6x-1\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;x=\sqrt{6x-1}\\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display1&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/Modulus/graph14.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\text{(b) }$ According to the graph, the equation $f(x)=0$ has two roots.&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\text{(c) }$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display1&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/Modulus/graph15.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;!-- Question End --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;!-- Question Start --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;         &lt;div class=&quot;example&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;h4 class=&quot;title&quot;&gt;Question (3)&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                The equation $e^{x}-1=2 x$ has a root $\alpha=0$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                (a) Show by calculation that this equation also has a root, $\beta$, &lt;br /&gt;                such that $1 &amp;lt;\beta &amp;lt; 2$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                (b) Show that this equation can be rearranged as $x=\ln (2 x+1)$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                (c) Use an iteration process based on the equation in part (b), &lt;br /&gt;                with a suitable starting value, to find $\beta$ correct to 3 significant &lt;br /&gt;                figures. Give the result of each step of the process to 5 significant figures.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(a) } \quad &amp;e^x-1=2x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ &amp;e^x-1-2x=0\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text{Let } f(x) = e^x-1-2x. \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ &amp;f(1)= e - 1 - 2 =-0.2817 &amp;lt; 0\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;f(1)= e^2 - 1 - 4 =2.38905&gt;0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Therefore $e^x-1=2x$ has another root $\beta$ &lt;br /&gt;                        such that $1 &amp;lt; \beta &amp;lt; 2 $.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(b) } \quad &amp;e^x-1=2x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ &amp;e^x2x+1\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;x = \ln(2x+1) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Let the initial value be $x=1.5$ and $F(x) = \ln(2x+1)$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\text{(c)}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{array}{|l|l|c|}&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline	     \quad x   	&amp;   F(x)  	&amp; \text{Remark}\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline 		1.5   		&amp;   1.3863  &amp; x\ne F(x)\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline 		1.3863  	&amp;   1.3278  &amp; x\ne F(x)\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline 		1.3278  	&amp;   1.2962 	&amp; x\ne F(x) \\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline 		1.2962	 	&amp;   1.2788 	&amp; x\ne F(x)\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline 		1.2788   	&amp;   1.1269 	&amp; x\ne F(x)\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline 		1.1269	 	&amp;   1.1264 	&amp; x\approx F(x)\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline 		1.1264 	 	&amp;   1.1261 	&amp; x\approx F(x)\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline 		1.1261 	 	&amp;   1.1259 	&amp; x\approx F(x)\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline 		1.1259 	 	&amp;   1.1258 	&amp; x\approx F(x)\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline 		1.1258 	 	&amp;   1.1257 	&amp; x\approx F(x)\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline 		1.1257 	 	&amp;   1.1257 	&amp; x\approx F(x)\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{array}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\therefore\ \beta=1.13$                  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;!-- Question Start --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;         &lt;div class=&quot;example&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;h4 class=&quot;title&quot;&gt;Question (4)&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                (a) By sketching a suitable pair of graphs, show that the equation &lt;br /&gt;                $x^{3}+10 x=x+5$ has only one root that lies between 0 and $1 .$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                (b) Use the iterative formula $x_{n+1}=\dfrac{5-x_{n}^{3}}{9}$, &lt;br /&gt;                with a suitable value for $x_{1}$, to find the value of this &lt;br /&gt;                root correct to 4 decimal places. Give the result of each iteration &lt;br /&gt;                to 6 decimal places.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\text{(a)}$ For the graph $y=x^3+10x$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|}&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline x       &amp; -0.5 &amp; 0 &amp; 0.5 &amp; 1 \\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline x^3+10x &amp; -5.1 &amp; 0 &amp; 5.1 &amp; 11 \\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{array}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        For the graph $y=x+5$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline x   &amp; 0 &amp; -5  \\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline x+5 &amp; 5 &amp; 0  \\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{array}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display1&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/Modulus/graph16.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Therefore, $x^3+10x=x+5$  has only one root that lies between $0$ and $1$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\text{(b) }$ Let the initial value be $x=0.5$ and $F(x) = \dfrac{5-x^3}{9}$.&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{array}{|l|l|c|}&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline	    \quad x   	&amp;   F(x)  	&amp; \text{Remark}\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline 		0.5   		&amp;   0.541667 	&amp; x\ne F(x)\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline 		0.541667  	&amp;   0.537897  	&amp; x\ne F(x)\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline 		0.537897  	&amp;   0.538263 	&amp; x\ne F(x) \\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline 		0.538263	&amp;   0.538228 	&amp; x\ne F(x)\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline 		0.538228   	&amp;   0.538231 	&amp; x\approx F(x)\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline 		0.538231 	&amp;   0.538231 	&amp; x\approx F(x)\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline 		&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{array}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\therefore\ $ The root of the equation $x^3+10x=x+5$ is $0.5382$.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;!-- Question Start --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;         &lt;div class=&quot;example&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;h4 class=&quot;title&quot;&gt;Question (5)&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                The terms of a sequence, defined by the iterative formula &lt;br /&gt;                $x_{n+1}=\ln \left(x_{n}^{2}+4\right)$, converge to the value $\alpha$. &lt;br /&gt;                The first term of the sequence is $2$ .&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                (a) Find the value of $\alpha$ correct to $2$ decimal places. &lt;br /&gt;                Give each term of the sequence you find to $4$ decimal places.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                (b) The value $\alpha$ is a root of an equation of the form $x^{2}=f(x)$. &lt;br /&gt;                Find this equation.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{array}{|l|l|c|}&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline	    \quad x   		&amp;   F(x)  	&amp; \text{Remark}\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline 		2   		&amp;   2.0794 	&amp; x\ne F(x)\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline 		2.0794  	&amp;   2.1192  	&amp; x\ne F(x)\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline 		2.1192  	&amp;   2.1390 	&amp; x\ne F(x) \\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline 		2.1390 	 	&amp;   2.1489 	&amp; x\ne F(x)\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline 		2.1489   	&amp;   2.1538 	&amp; x\ne F(x)\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline 		2.1538	 	&amp;   2.1563 	&amp; x\ne F(x)\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline 		2.1563 	 	&amp;   2.1575 	&amp; x\ne F(x)\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline 		2.1575 	 	&amp;   2.1581 	&amp; x\ne F(x)\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline 		2.1581 	 	&amp;   2.1584	&amp; x\approx F(x)\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline 		2.1584 	 	&amp;   2.1586 	&amp; x\approx F(x)\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline 		2.1586 	 	&amp;   2.1586 	&amp; x\approx F(x)\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{array}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\therefore\ \alpha=2.16$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(b) } \quad &amp;\text{ Since } x=ln(x^2+4)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;x^2+4 = e^x\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ &amp;x^2 = e^x-4\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        By the problem, $\alpha$ is a root of an equation of the form $x^2=f(x)$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\therefore\ f(x)=e^x-4$. </content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/feeds/624681170342235760/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2023/11/find-root-of-equation-by-numerical.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/624681170342235760'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/624681170342235760'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2023/11/find-root-of-equation-by-numerical.html' title='Find the Root of Equation by Numerical Method : Iteration'/><author><name>anak medan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16672862772445386879</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi026-DpfeCGzkBPjArPvv558_2npwrbPu2LDTWaCsuj0XEEGIbVISDDEmaRSWC40jTy--9RVx4G5KJ8CPa0FAM94G2Sv5RgH4XxOPlc8qbn15kdY3gy0UFpHl0LeubjKjMFLTWq9fq8UVgNaBkweB2JJeHt5qKK2WL0ts0JaOPbhk3JQ1U1BCIEmSdEQ/s72-c/cover.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1686458996561451855.post-6553101636674112745</id><published>2023-11-14T02:28:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2023-11-14T23:08:19.910+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="A-level"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="functions and graphs"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="grade 12"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="graphs of trigonometric functions"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="igcse"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="trigonometry"/><title type='text'>Graphs of Trigonometric Functions</title><content type='html'>&lt;div id=&quot;google_translate_element&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;script type=&quot;text/javascript&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;function googleTranslateElementInit() {&lt;br /&gt; 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           {&lt;br /&gt;            .tg {width: auto !important;}&lt;br /&gt;            .tg col {width: auto !important;}&lt;br /&gt;            .tg-wrap{overflow-x: auto;-webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;}&lt;br /&gt;            }&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;        &lt;/style&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;!--Definitions --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;div class=&quot;box-definition&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;h4  class=&quot;box-legend&quot;&gt;Graphs of Trigonometric Functions&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;img class=&quot;display1&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/Graphs-of-Trig-Functions/trig_graph01.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;               $OP$ နှင့် positive $x$-axis ကြားရှိထောင့် $(\theta)$ cosine ratio $(\cos \theta)$ သည် $OP$ နှင့် unit circle ဖြတ်သွားသော &lt;br /&gt;               အမှတ် $P(x,y)$ ၏ $x$-coordinate တန်ဖိုးဖြစ်ပြီး sine ratio $(\sin \theta)$ သည် $y$-coordinate တန်ဖိုးဖြစ်ကြောင်း&lt;br /&gt;               သိရှိခဲ့ပြီး ဖြစ်သည်။&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            အဆိုပါ $\sin \theta$ နှင့် $\cos \theta$ သည် $\theta$ ပေါ်မူတည်၍ပြောင်းလဲနေမည် ဖြစ်သည်ကို unit circle တွင် အလွယ်တကူ&lt;br /&gt;            သိရှိနိုင်သည်။ $OP$ တစ်ပတ်လှည့်ပတ်ခြင်း $ 0^{\circ} \le \theta \le 360^{\circ}$ တွင် $\sin \theta$ နှင့် $\cos \theta$ သည် &lt;br /&gt;            $\theta$ ပေါ်မူတည်၍ပြောင်းလဲ နေသော်လည်း တစ်ပတ်ပြည့်ပြီးနောက် နောက်တွင် မူလတစ်ပတ်က တန်ဖိုးများကိုသာ ပြန်လည်ရောက်ရှိလာမည်&lt;br /&gt;            ဖြစ်သည်။ ထို့သို့ တစ်ပတ်ပြည့်တိုင်း တန်ဖိုးတူနေရာများသို့ ပြန်လည်ရောက်ရှိလာသော $\sin \theta$ နှင့် $\cos \theta$ တို့ကို periodic &lt;br /&gt;            function များဟုခေါပြီး မတူညီသော တန်ဖိုးများ ရရှိစေသည့် တစ်ပတ် $360^{\circ} \text{or } 2\pi$ ကို $\sin \theta$ နှင့် $\cos \theta$&lt;br /&gt;            တို့၏ period ဟုခေါ်သည်။&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;           unit circle ၏ အဝန်းပိုင်းကို $(1,0)$ နေရာမှ ဖြတ်တောက်၍ အဖြောင့်အတိုင်းထားလိုက်သည်ဟု ယူဆမည်။&lt;br /&gt;            အဝန်းပိုင်းပေါ်ရှိ $\theta$ ၏ တန်ဖိုးနှင့် သက်ဆိုင်ရာ Trigonometric&lt;br /&gt;           function value ၏ တန်ဖိုးများကို နှိုင်းယှဉ်ဖော်ပြခြင်းဖြင့် သတ်မှတ်ထာသော Trigonometric Function ၏ graph ကို &lt;br /&gt;           ရရှိမည်ဖြစ်သည်။ အောက်ပါ applet တွင် trigonometric function တစ်ခုချင်းစီ၏ $0 \le \theta \le 2\pi$ အတွင်း &lt;br /&gt;           ရရှိလာမည့် trigonometric graph တစ်ခုစီကို လေ့လာနိုင်ပါသည်။&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;           &lt;center&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;iframe width=&quot;100%&quot; height=&quot;325px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.mathwarehouse.com/geometry/interactive_applets/iframe.php?file=trigonometry&amp;chk_cos=0&amp;chk_sin=1&amp;chk_tan=0&amp;chk_sec=0&amp;chk_csc=0&amp;chk_cot=0&amp;&quot; frameborder=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;           &lt;/center&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;           &lt;h4  class=&quot;box-legend&quot;&gt;The Graph of  &lt;b&gt;$\ { y=\sin\theta}$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;           &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/Graphs-of-Trig-Functions/trig_graph02.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;            terminal side ကို aticlockwise direction ဖြင့် လှည့်သည့်အခါ $\sin \theta$ ၏ graph သည် positive $x$-axis &lt;br /&gt;            ဘက်တွက် တစ်ပတ်ပြည့်တိုင်း wave တစ်ခု ဖြစ်လာပြီး clockwise direction ဖြင့် လှည့်သည့်အခါ $\sin \theta$ ၏ graph &lt;br /&gt;            သည် negative $x$-axis ဘက်တွက် တစ်ပတ်ပြည့်တိုင်း wave တစ်ခု ဖြစ်လာမည်ဖြစ်သည်။ ထို့ကြောင့် $y=\sin\theta$ ၏ &lt;br /&gt;            graph ကို sine wave (သို့) sinusoidal wave ဟုလည်းခေါ်သည်။ sine wave တစ်ခု ဖြစ်ရန်လိုအပ်သော $\theta$ တန်ဖိုးကို &lt;br /&gt;            period ဟုခေါ်သည်။ ထို့ကြောင့် $y=\sin\theta$ ၏ period သည် $360^{\circ} \text{or } 2\pi$ ဖြစ်သည်။ &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            $y=\sin\theta$ ၏ maximum value သည် $1$ ဖြစ်ပြီး minimum value သည် $-1$ ဖြစ်သည်။ ထို့ကြောင့် မည်သည့် $\theta$&lt;br /&gt;            တန်ဖိုးအတွက် မဆို $-1\le \sin\theta\le 1$ ဖြစ်သည်။ အဆိုပါကြားပိုင်းကို sine function ၏ range ဟု ခေါ်သည်။ $y=\sin\theta$ သည်&lt;br /&gt;            wave ရွေ့လျားရာမျဉ်း (line of propagation) မှ အမြင့်ဆုံးအမှတ်ထိ $1$ unit ရှိပြီး အနိမ့်ဆုံးအမှတ်သို့လည်း $1$ unit ရှိသည်။ &lt;br /&gt;            ထို့သို့ line of propagation မှ အမြင့်ဆုံးအမှတ် (သို့မဟုတ်) line of propagation မှ အနိမ့်ဆုံးအမှတ် သို့ အကွာအဝေးကို amplitude &lt;br /&gt;            ဟုခေါ်သည်။ အခြားတစ်နည်းဆိုရသော် အမြင့်ဆုံးအမှတ် နှင့် အနိမ့်ဆုံးအမှတ် နှစ်ခုကြား အကွာအဝေး၏ တစ်ဝက်ကို amplidude ဟု ခေါ်နိုင်သည်။&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;h4  class=&quot;box-legend&quot;&gt;The Graph of  &lt;b&gt;$\ { y=a\sin\theta}$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt; $y=\sin\theta$ တွင် $-1\le \sin\theta\le 1$ ဖြစ်သောကြောင့် $y=a\sin\theta$&lt;br /&gt;            တွင် $-a\le a\sin\theta\le a$ ဖြစ်မည်။ ထို့ကြောင့် ...&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;center&gt;&lt;b&gt;The amplitude of $\ y=a\sin\theta\ $ is $a$ units&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            ဟုမှတ်သားနိုင်သည်။ &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;img class=&quot;display1&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/Graphs-of-Trig-Functions/trig_graph03.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            ထို့ကြောင့် ...&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;            $y=\sin\theta\Rightarrow$ amplitude $=1$&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            $y=2\sin\theta\Rightarrow$ amplitude $=2$&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            $y=\displaystyle\frac{1}{2}\sin\theta\Rightarrow$ amplitude $=\displaystyle\frac{1}{2}$&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            Grade 11 တွင် လေ့လာခဲ့ပြီးဖြစ်သော Trasformation ရှုထောင့်မှကြည့်လျှင် $y=a\sin\theta$ သည် $y=\sin\theta$ ကို&lt;br /&gt;            vertical scaling ပြုလုပ်လိုက်ခြင်း ဖြစ်ပြီး scale factor $=a$ ဖြစ်သည်ဟု မှတ်သားနိုင်သည်။ ထို့ကြောင့် $y=\sin\theta$ ကို&lt;br /&gt;            vertical scaling  ပြုလုပ်လျှင် scale factor သည် amplitude ဖြစ်သည်။ &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;h4  class=&quot;box-legend&quot;&gt;The Graph of  &lt;b&gt;$\ { y=\sin(b\cdot\theta})$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            ဆက်လက်၍ အောက်ပါ diagram ကို လေ့လာကြည့်ပါ။&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/Graphs-of-Trig-Functions/trig_graph04.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;                period of $y=\sin\theta\Rightarrow 2\pi$ &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                $y=\sin 2\theta $ သည်  $y=\sin \theta $ ကို horizontal scaling ပြုလုပ်လိုက်ခြင်း ဖြစ်ပြီး scale factor မှာ &lt;br /&gt;                $\displaystyle\frac{1}{2}$ ဖြစ်သည်။ $y=\sin 2\theta $ ၏ period (the value of $\theta$ to form one complete cycle)&lt;br /&gt;                မှာ $\pi$ ဖြစ်သည်ကို တွေ့ရမည်။ &lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                အလားတူပင် $y=\sin \displaystyle\frac{1}{2}\theta $ သည်  $y=\sin \theta $ ကို horizontal scaling ပြုလုပ်လိုက်ခြင်း ဖြစ်ပြီး &lt;br /&gt;                scale factor မှာ $2$ ဖြစ်သည်။ $y=\sin \displaystyle\frac{1}{2}\theta $ ၏ period မှာ $4\pi$ ဖြစ်သည်။ &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                ထို့ကြောင့်   $y=\sin \theta $ ကို horizontal scaling ပြုလုပ်လိုက်ခြင်းဖြင့် period ကို အပြောင်းအလဲ ဖြစ်စေပြီး &lt;br /&gt;                ပြောင်းလဲသွားသော period တန်ဖိုးမှာ &lt;b&gt;scale factor $\times 2\pi\ $ &lt;/b&gt; ဖြစ်သည်ကို တွေ့ရမည်။ &lt;br /&gt;                အောက်ပါအတိုင်း ယျေဘုယျ မှတ်သားနိုင်ပါသည်။ &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;center&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            $\begin{array}{|l|}&lt;br /&gt;            \hline&lt;br /&gt;            \text{For the function } y=a \sin(b\cdot \theta)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;            \text{amplitude } = a \text{ units}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;            \text{ period } = \displaystyle\frac{2\pi}{b}\\&lt;br /&gt;            \hline&lt;br /&gt;            \end{array}$&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/center&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;h4  class=&quot;box-legend&quot;&gt;The Graph of  &lt;b&gt; $\ y=a\sin\left(b\cdot\theta + c\right)+d$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;                Grade 11 တွင် လေ့လာခဲ့ပြီးဖြစ်သော Function Transformation ၏ rule များအတိုင်း &lt;br /&gt;                $\ y=a\sin\left(b\cdot\theta + c\right)+d$&lt;br /&gt;                တွင် $c$ သည် $y=\sin\theta$ ကို horizontal translation ပြုလုပ်ပေးခြင်း ဖြစ်ပြီး $d$ သည် $y=\sin\theta$ ကို &lt;br /&gt;                vertical translation ပြုလုပ်ပေးခြင်း ဖြစ်သည်ဟု သိရှိရမည် ဖြစ်သည်။&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                ဥပမာ အနေဖြင့် $y=\sin\theta$ နှင့် $y=\displaystyle\frac{3}{2}\sin\left(2\theta-\frac{\pi}{3}\right)$ တို့ကို &lt;br /&gt;                နှိုင်းယှဉ်လေ့လာကြည့်ပါမည်။ &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                For  $y=\sin\theta$, &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                period = $2\pi$ &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                amplitude = $1$&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                $\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|}&lt;br /&gt;                \hline&lt;br /&gt;                x &amp; 0 &amp; \displaystyle\frac{\pi}{2} &amp; \pi &amp; \displaystyle\frac{3\pi}{2} &amp; 2\pi\\&lt;br /&gt;                \hline&lt;br /&gt;                y &amp; 0 &amp; 1 &amp; 0 &amp; -1 &amp; 0\\&lt;br /&gt;                \hline&lt;br /&gt;                \end{array}$&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                For  $y=\displaystyle\frac{3}{2}\sin\left(2\theta-\frac{\pi}{3}\right)$, &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                period = $\frac{1}{2}\times2\pi=\pi$ &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                amplitude = $\displaystyle\frac{3}{2}$&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                Let $f(\theta)=\sin\theta$ then $y=\displaystyle\frac{3}{2}\sin\left(2\theta-\frac{\pi}{3}\right)&lt;br /&gt;                =\displaystyle\frac{3}{2}f\left(2\theta-\frac{\pi}{3}\right)$.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                အထက်ပါ ဇယားတွင် ဖော်ပြထားသော  $y=\sin\theta$ ပေါ်တွင်ရှိသော အမှတ်များ ၏ &lt;br /&gt;                $y=\displaystyle\frac{3}{2}\sin\left(2\theta-\frac{\pi}{3}\right)$ ပေါ်တွင်ရှိသော mapped point များကို &lt;br /&gt;                transformation method ဖြင့်ရှာကြည့်ပါမည်။ &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                $\begin{array}{l} &lt;br /&gt;                \displaystyle(0,0)\xrightarrow{f\left(\theta-\frac{\pi}{3}\right)}\left(\frac{\pi}{3},0\right)\\&lt;br /&gt;                \hspace{1.3cm}\displaystyle\xrightarrow{f\left(2\theta-\frac{\pi}{3}\right)}\left(\frac{\pi}{6},0\right)\\&lt;br /&gt;                \hspace{1.3cm}\displaystyle\xrightarrow{\frac{3}{2}f\left(2\theta-\frac{\pi}{3}\right)}\left(\frac{\pi}{6},0\right)\\&lt;br /&gt;                \end{array}$&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                $\begin{array}{l} &lt;br /&gt;                \displaystyle(\frac{\pi}{2},1)\xrightarrow{f\left(\theta-\frac{\pi}{3}\right)}\left(\frac{5\pi}{6},1\right)\\&lt;br /&gt;                \hspace{1.3cm}\displaystyle\xrightarrow{f\left(2\theta-\frac{\pi}{3}\right)}\left(\frac{5\pi}{12},1\right)\\&lt;br /&gt;                \hspace{1.3cm}\displaystyle\xrightarrow{\frac{3}{2}f\left(2\theta-\frac{\pi}{3}\right)}\left(\frac{5\pi}{12},\frac{3}{2}\right)\\&lt;br /&gt;                \end{array}$&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                $\begin{array}{l} &lt;br /&gt;                \displaystyle(\pi,0)\xrightarrow{f\left(\theta-\frac{\pi}{3}\right)}\left(\frac{4\pi}{3},0\right)\\&lt;br /&gt;                \hspace{1.3cm}\displaystyle\xrightarrow{f\left(2\theta-\frac{\pi}{3}\right)}\left(\frac{2\pi}{3},0\right)\\&lt;br /&gt;                \hspace{1.3cm}\displaystyle\xrightarrow{\frac{3}{2}f\left(2\theta-\frac{\pi}{3}\right)}\left(\frac{2\pi}{3},0\right)\\&lt;br /&gt;                \end{array}$&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                $\begin{array}{l} &lt;br /&gt;		        \displaystyle(\frac{3\pi}{2},-1)\xrightarrow{f\left(\theta-\frac{\pi}{3}\right)}\left(\frac{11\pi}{6},-1\right)\\&lt;br /&gt;		        \hspace{1.3cm}\displaystyle\xrightarrow{f\left(2\theta-\frac{\pi}{3}\right)}\left(\frac{11\pi}{12},-1\right)\\&lt;br /&gt;		        \hspace{1.3cm}\displaystyle\xrightarrow{\frac{3}{2}f\left(2\theta-\frac{\pi}{3}\right)}\left(\frac{11\pi}{12},-\frac{3}{2}\right)\\&lt;br /&gt;		        \end{array}$&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                $\begin{array}{l} &lt;br /&gt;                \displaystyle(2\pi,0)\xrightarrow{f\left(\theta-\frac{\pi}{3}\right)}\left(\frac{7\pi}{3},0\right)\\&lt;br /&gt;                \hspace{1.3cm}\displaystyle\xrightarrow{f\left(2\theta-\frac{\pi}{3}\right)}\left(\frac{7\pi}{6},0\right)\\&lt;br /&gt;                \hspace{1.3cm}\displaystyle\xrightarrow{\frac{3}{2}f\left(2\theta-\frac{\pi}{3}\right)}\left(\frac{7\pi}{6},0\right)\\&lt;br /&gt;                \end{array}$&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                ထို့ကြောင့် $y=\sin\theta$ နှင့် $y=\displaystyle\frac{3}{2}\sin\left(2\theta-\frac{\pi}{3}\right)$ တို့၏&lt;br /&gt;                graph နှစ်ခုကို sketch လုပ်နိုင်ပြီဖြစ်ရာ အောက်ပါအတိုင်း ရရှိမည်ဖြစ်သည်။&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/Graphs-of-Trig-Functions/trig_graph06.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;h4  class=&quot;box-legend&quot;&gt;The Graph of  &lt;b&gt; $\ y=\cos\theta $&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                $\ y=\cos\theta $ ၏ graph သည် လည်း sine wave ကဲ့သို့ပင် one complete cycle ဖြစ်ရန် &lt;br /&gt;                $\theta=360^{\circ} = 2\pi$ ဖြစ်သည်။ ထို့ကြောင့် $\ y=\cos\theta $ ၏ period မှာ  $2\pi$ ဖြစ်မည်။ &lt;br /&gt;                $\ y=\sin\theta $ ကဲ့သို့ပင် $\ y=\cos\theta $ ၏ range သည်လည်း $-1\le\cos\theta\le 1 $ ဖြစ်ရာ &lt;br /&gt;                amplitude မှာ 1 iunit ဖြစ်သည်။&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/Graphs-of-Trig-Functions/trig_graph07.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;                $\displaystyle\sin \left(\frac{\pi}{2}-\theta=\cos\theta\right)$ ဟု သိရှိခဲ့ပြီးဖြစ်သည်။&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                $y=\cos\theta$ သည် $y=\sin\theta$ ကို horizontal translation ပြုလုပ်ထားခြင်းပင်ဖြစ်သည်။ &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                ထို့ကြောင့် $y=\cos\theta$ သည် $y=\sin\theta$ ၏ ဂုဏ်သတ္တိများနှင့် တူညီသည်။ &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                sine function နှင့် &lt;br /&gt;                cosine function များ၏ ဂုဏ်သတ္တိများကို အောက်ပါ အတိုင်းအချုပ်မှတ်နိုင်သည်။&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;center&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;style type=&quot;text/css&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        .tg  {border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;}&lt;br /&gt;                        .tg td{border-color:black;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:14px;&lt;br /&gt;                          overflow:hidden;padding:10px 5px;word-break:normal;}&lt;br /&gt;                        .tg th{border-color:black;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:14px;&lt;br /&gt;                          font-weight:normal;overflow:hidden;padding:10px 5px;word-break:normal;}&lt;br /&gt;                        .tg .tg-baqh{text-align:center;vertical-align:top}&lt;br /&gt;                        .tg .tg-0lax{text-align:left;vertical-align:top}&lt;br /&gt;                        @media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.tg {width: auto !important;}.tg col {width: auto !important;}.tg-wrap {overflow-x: auto;-webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;}}&lt;/style&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;tg-baqh&quot;&gt;Functions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;tg-baqh&quot;&gt;Amplitude&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;tg-baqh&quot;&gt;Period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;tg-baqh&quot;&gt;Range&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;tg-0lax&quot;&gt;$y=\sin\theta$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;tg-baqh&quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;tg-baqh&quot;&gt;$2\pi$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;tg-baqh&quot;&gt;$-1\le\sin\theta\le 1$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;tg-0lax&quot;&gt;$y=a(b\cdot \sin\theta+c)+d$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;tg-baqh&quot;&gt;a&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;tg-baqh&quot;&gt;$\displaystyle\frac{2\pi}{b}$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;tg-baqh&quot;&gt;$-a+d\le a(b\cdot \sin\theta+c)+d\le a+d$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;tg-0lax&quot;&gt;$y=\cos\theta$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;tg-baqh&quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;tg-baqh&quot;&gt;$2\pi$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;tg-baqh&quot;&gt;$-1\le\sin\theta\le 1$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;tg-0lax&quot;&gt;$y=a(b\cdot \cos\theta+c)+d$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;tg-baqh&quot;&gt;a&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;tg-baqh&quot;&gt;$\displaystyle\frac{2\pi}{b}$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;td class=&quot;tg-baqh&quot;&gt;$-a+d\le a(b\cdot \cos\theta+c)+d\le a+d$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/center&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;          &lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;!-- Question Start --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;div class=&quot;example&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;h4 class=&quot;title&quot;&gt;Question 1&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;img class=&quot;display1&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/Graphs-of-Trig-Functions/trig_graph08.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;center&gt; &lt;b&gt;Figure 1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                The diagram shows part of the curve with equation &lt;br /&gt;                $y=p \sin (q \theta)+r$, where $p, q$ and $r$ are constants.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;(a)&lt;/b&gt; State the value of $p$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;b&gt;(b)&lt;/b&gt; State the value of $q$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;b&gt;(c)&lt;/b&gt; State the value of $r$.&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;         &lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned} &lt;br /&gt;                        &amp; y=p \sin (q \theta)+r \\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore \quad &amp; \text { amplitude }=p \\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                        &amp; \text { period }=\frac{2 \pi}{q} \\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                        &amp; \text { From diagram, we have } \\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                        &amp; p=3 \\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                        &amp; \frac{2 \pi}{q}=4 \pi \Rightarrow q=\frac{1}{2} \\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                        &amp; f(0)=-2 \\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                        &amp; p \sin 0+r=-2 \Rightarrow r=-2 &lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;           &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;         &lt;!-- Question Start --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;div class=&quot;example&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;h4 class=&quot;title&quot;&gt;Question 2&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;img class=&quot;display1&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/Graphs-of-Trig-Functions/trig_graph09.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;center&gt; &lt;b&gt;Figure 2&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                The diagram shows part of the graph of $y=a \cos (b x)+c$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;b&gt;(a)&lt;/b&gt; Find the values of the positive integers $a, b$ and $c$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;b&gt;(b)&lt;/b&gt; For these values of $a, b$ and $c$, use the given diagram to determine &lt;br /&gt;                the number of solutions in the interval $0 \leqslant x \leqslant 2 \pi$ for &lt;br /&gt;                each of the following equations.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;b&gt;(i)&lt;/b&gt; $\displaystyle a \cos (b x)+c=\frac{6}{\pi} x$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;b&gt;(ii)&lt;/b&gt; $\displaystyle a \cos (b x)+c=6-\frac{6}{\pi} x$.&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;               &lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp; y=a \cos (b x)+c \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\quad &amp;  \text { amplitude }=a \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp; \text { period }=\frac{2 \pi}{b} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp; \text { By the diagram, } \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp; a=\frac{8+2}{2}=5 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp; \frac{2 \pi}{b}=\pi \Rightarrow b=2.\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp; f(0)=8 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp; 5 \cos (0)+c=8 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp; 5+c=8 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp; c=3 .&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display1&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/Graphs-of-Trig-Functions/trig_graph11.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        For the graph  $y=\displaystyle\frac{6}{\pi} x$&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;$\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}&lt;br /&gt;\hline x &amp; 0 &amp; 2 \pi \\&lt;br /&gt;\hline y &amp; 0 &amp; 12 \\&lt;br /&gt;\hline&lt;br /&gt;\end{array}$&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The sohtions those satisfy the equation $a \cos (b x)+c=\displaystyle\frac{5}{\pi} x$ &lt;br /&gt;are the points of intersection of $y=a \cos (b x)+c$ and $y=\displaystyle\frac{6}{\pi} x$.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By the diagrams, three ane 3 solutions.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For the graph $y=6-\frac{6}{\pi} x$&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;$\begin{array}{|c|c|c|}&lt;br /&gt;\hline x &amp; 0 &amp; \displaystyle\frac{3 \pi}{2} \\&lt;br /&gt;\hline y &amp; 6 &amp; -3 \\&lt;br /&gt;\hline&lt;br /&gt;\end{array}$&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;$y=a \cos (b x)+c$ intersects $y=6-\displaystyle\frac{6}{\pi} x$  at two points.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hence there are two solutions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;!-- Question End --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;!-- Question Start --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;example&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;h4 class=&quot;title&quot;&gt;Question 3&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;img class=&quot;display1&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/Graphs-of-Trig-Functions/trig_graph10.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;center&gt; &lt;b&gt;Figure 3&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                The diagram shows the graph of $y=f(x)$, where $f(x)=\displaystyle\frac{3}{2} \cos 2 x+\frac{1}{2}$ &lt;br /&gt;                for $0 \leqslant x \leqslant \pi$.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                (a) State the range of $f$.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                A function $g$ is such that $g(x)=f(x)+k$, where $k$ is a positive constant. &lt;br /&gt;                The $x$-axis is a tangent to the curve $y=g(x)$.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                (b) State the value of $k$ and hence describe fully the transformation that maps &lt;br /&gt;                the curve $y=f(x)$ on to $y=g(x)$.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;               &lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp; f(x)=\displaystyle\frac{3}{2} \cos 2 x+\displaystyle\frac{1}{2}, 0 \leq x \leq \pi \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore &amp; -\displaystyle\frac{3}{2}+\displaystyle\frac{1}{2} \leq t \leq \displaystyle\frac{3}{2}+\displaystyle\frac{1}{2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore &amp; -1 \leq f \leq 2 . \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp; g(x)=f(x)+k&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        This means that $g(x)$ is obtained from translating $f(x)\ \ k$ units vertically.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        The $x$.axis tangent to $y=g(x)$.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display1&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/Graphs-of-Trig-Functions/trig_graph12.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\therefore\quad k=1$&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\therefore g(x)$ is obtained by vertical translation of $f(x)$ one unit upward.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              </content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/feeds/6553101636674112745/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2023/11/graphs-of-trigonometric-functions.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/6553101636674112745'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/6553101636674112745'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2023/11/graphs-of-trigonometric-functions.html' title='Graphs of Trigonometric Functions'/><author><name>anak medan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16672862772445386879</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipATI2UO3AbjlADZD9DRmCUXd2td03r3SOpJiEL67dEc79wpUsvnO1R1dVxcHs7rjM26VX2TMZHddreK7tkQgm2XFSFAUWpB4-cZpDOoXXhXhw840mEM7XcZi7eTWCOsqHERfqv0CGjLVv-YjENvb4K9IofwuXT4M_g7M6PoHcIV7Mp29B0KJXWW_-NQ/s72-c/trig_graph13.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1686458996561451855.post-204014527382837697</id><published>2023-11-14T02:20:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2023-11-14T23:08:20.208+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Alevel"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="algebra"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="edexcel"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="functions"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="grade12"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="iteration"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="numerical method"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="OCR"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Pure Math"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="root of a function"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="stretch of functions"/><title type='text'>Find the Root of Equation by Numerical Method : Newton-Raphson Iteration</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;google_translate_element&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;script type=&quot;text/javascript&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;function googleTranslateElementInit() {&lt;br /&gt; 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               &lt;br /&gt;                max-width: 760px;&lt;br /&gt;                display: flex;&lt;br /&gt;                padding: 10px;&lt;br /&gt;                margin: auto;&lt;br /&gt;                flex-wrap: wrap;&lt;br /&gt;                background-color: white;&lt;br /&gt;                border-radius: 10px;&lt;br /&gt;                font-family: Poppins;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;            }&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;            .display {&lt;br /&gt;            display: block;&lt;br /&gt;            margin-left: auto;&lt;br /&gt;            margin-right: auto;&lt;br /&gt;            width: 100%;&lt;br /&gt;            }&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            .display1 {&lt;br /&gt;            display: block;&lt;br /&gt;            margin-left: auto;&lt;br /&gt;            margin-right: auto;&lt;br /&gt;            width: 80%;&lt;br /&gt;            }&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            .display2 {&lt;br /&gt;            display: block;&lt;br /&gt;            margin-left: auto;&lt;br /&gt;            margin-right: auto;&lt;br /&gt;            width: 60%;&lt;br /&gt;            }&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            p{padding: 10px;&lt;br /&gt;            line-height: 2em;&lt;br /&gt;            text-align:justify;&lt;br /&gt;            }&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/style&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;         &lt;div class=&quot;box&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/Modulus/graph17.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;center&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                ပေးထားသော ပုံတွင် $x$ သည် $f(x)$ ၏ root ဖြစ်သည်ကို သိနိုင်ပါသည်။ $f(x)=0$ ၏ root ကို သင်္ချာ လုပ်ထုံးများ&lt;br /&gt;                ဖြင့် အလွယ်တကူရှာ၍မရသည့် အခြေအနေဆိုပါစို့။ ထို့ကြောင့် ကြိုတင်ခန့်မှန်းထားသော $x_0$ ကို $f(x)$ root ဟု ယူဆမည်။&lt;br /&gt;                Figure 2 ကို ကြည့်ပါ။ &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;             &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/Modulus/graph21.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;center&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 2&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  $f(x_0)\ne 0$ ဖြစ်သောကြာင့် $x_0$ သည် $f(x)$ ၏ root မဟုတ်ကြောင်းသိနိုင်သည်။ Graph ပေါ်ရှိ &lt;br /&gt;                  $(x_0,f(x_0))$ အမှတ်မှ tangent မျဉ်းတစ်ကြောင်းဆွဲလိုက်မည်။ အဆိုပါ tangent မျဉ်းသည် $x$ ဝင်ရိုးကို &lt;br /&gt;                  ဖြတ်သွားသောနေရာ $x_1$ သည် $f(x)=0$ ၏ root နှင့် နီးစပ်နေသည်ကို တွေ့ရမည်။ ထို့ကြောင့် $x_1$ ကို $f(x)=0$&lt;br /&gt;                  ၏ approximate root ဟု ယူဆ၍ $x_1$ ကို ရှာပါမည်။&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                $x_1$ သည် tangent line က $x$-axis ကို ဖြတ်သောနေရာ ဖြစ်သောကြောင့် tangent line equation ကို &lt;br /&gt;                ဦးစွာရှာမည်။ tangent line ၏ gradient မှာ $f&#39;(x_0)$ ဖြစ်ပြီး $(x_0,f(x_0))$ အမှတ်သည် tangent line &lt;br /&gt;                ပေါ်တွင်ရှိသည်။ ထို့ကြောင့် tangent line ၏ equation မှာ ... &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;$y=f&#39;(x_0)(x-x_0)+f(x_0)$&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p&gt;ဖြစ်ပါမည်။ $x=x_1$ ဖြစ်လျှင် $y=0$ ဖြစ်မည်။ ထို့ကြောင့် &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            $$\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;            &amp;0=f&#39;(x_0)(x_1-x_0)+f(x_0)$\\\\&lt;br /&gt;            &amp;f&#39;(x_0)(x_1-x_0) = -f(x_0)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;            &amp;x_1-x_0=-\frac{f(x_0)}{f&#39;(x_0)}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;            \therefore\ &amp; x_1=x_0-\frac{f(x_0)}{f&#39;(x_0)}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;            \end{aligned}$$ &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                ဟူ၍ $x_1$ ကို ရှာနိုင်ပါသည်။&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                သို့ရာတွင် $x_1$ သည်လည်း $f(x)$ ၏ root မဟုတ်သေးပါ။ $f(x)$ ၏ root နှင့် နီးစပ်လာသည့် &lt;br /&gt;                အခြေအနေတွင်သာ ရှိသေးသည်။ ထို့ကြောင့် အထက်တွင်ရှင်းလင်းခဲ့သော လုပ်ဆောင်ချက်အတိုင်း &lt;br /&gt;                approximate root $(x_2)$ ကို ထပ်မံရှာယူပါမည်။ Figure 3 ကို ကြည့်ပါ။&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/Modulus/graph22.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;center&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 3&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                အထက်တွင် ဖော်ပြခဲ့သော လုပ်ဆောင်ချက်အတိုင်း $(x_1,f(x_1))$ အမှတ်ရှိ tangent line မှ $x$-axis ကို &lt;br /&gt;                ဖြတ်သောအမှတ် $x_2$ ကို ဆက်လက်ရှာယူမည်။ ထိုအခါ &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                $$x_2=x_1-\frac{f(x_1)}{f&#39;(x_1)}$$ ဖြစ်မည်။ ၎င်းနည်းလမ်းအတိုင်း ထပ်ခါ ထပ်ခါ ရှာယူခြင်းဖြင့် $f(x)=0$ ၏ &lt;br /&gt;                root နှင့် ထပ်တူကျလုနီးပါး ဖြစ်လာသော root တန်ဖိုးကို ရရှိပါမည်။ Figure 4 ကို ကြည့်ပါ။&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/Modulus/graph23.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;center&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 4&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;            ဖော်ပြပါ ဆင့်ကဲရှာယူခြင်းနည်းလမ်းဖြင့် $f(x)=0$ ၏ root ကို ရှာယူနိုင်သော ပုံသေနည်း $x_{n+1}$ ကို အောက်ပါ အတိုင်းမှတ်သားနိုင်သည်။&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt; &lt;br /&gt;                $$\begin{array}{|c|}&lt;br /&gt;                \hline x_{n+1}=x_n-\dfrac{f(x_n)}{f&#39;(x_n)}\\&lt;br /&gt;                \hline&lt;br /&gt;                \end{array}$$&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p&gt; &lt;br /&gt;            အထက်ဖော်ပြပါ ပုံသေနည်းဖြင့် root ရှာယူခြင်း process ကို Newton-Raphson Iteration Method ဟုခေါ်သည်။&lt;br /&gt;             လက်တွေ့ပုစ္ဆာဖြေရှင်းရာတွင် $x_{n+1}\approx x_n$ ဖြစ်သည့်အခါ Iteration Process ပြီးဆုံးပြီဟု မှတ်ယူနိုင်သည်။ &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;color: red;font-size:large; font-weight:bolder;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            အောက်ပါ အခြေနေတို့တွင် Newton-Raphson method ကို သုံး၍ မရနိုင်ပါ။&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;color: red;font-size:large; font-weight:bolder;&quot;&gt;Case I&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/Modulus/graph25.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                Starting point $x_0$ သည် အမှန်ဖြစ်သော root နှင့် ဝေးနေသောအခါ tangent သည် root နှင့် ပို၍ပို၍ ဝေးသော&lt;br /&gt;                $x$ coordinate ကို ရောက်ရှိသွားပြီး Newton-Raphson Formula သည် divergent ဖြစ်သွားမည်။&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;color: red;font-size:large; font-weight: bolder;&quot;&gt;Case II&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/Modulus/graph26.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                $f&#39;(x_0)=0$ ဖြစ်လျှင် tangent သည် horizontal ဖြစ်သွားမည်။ $(x_0, f(x_0))$ stationary point ဖြစ်နေမည်။ ထိုအခါ tangent &lt;br /&gt;                သည် $x$-axis ကို ဘယ်တော့မျှ မဖြတ်တော့ပါ။ ထိုအခြေအနေတွင် $ x_{n+1}=x_n-\dfrac{f(x_n)}{f&#39;(x_n)}$ သည်&lt;br /&gt;                undefined ဖြစ်သွား၍  Newton-Raphson Formula ကို သုံး၍မရနိုင်ပါ။&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;         &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;        &lt;!-- Question Start --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;div class=&quot;example&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;h4 class=&quot;title&quot;&gt;Example (1)&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;color:blue; font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                Using Newton-Raphson method, find the approximate value of $\sqrt[3]{19}$ in four decimal places.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;div style=&quot;padding: 20px;&quot; class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        Let $ \sqrt[3]{19}=x$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore \ &amp; x^3 = 19\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;x^3 - 19=0\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        Hence, $ \sqrt[3]{19}$ is the root of the equation $x^3 - 19=0$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text{Let } f(x)=x^3-19\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore \ &amp; f&#39;(x) = 3x^2\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;x_{n+1}=x_n-\frac{{x_n}^3-19}{3{x_n}^2}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        Since $2^3=8$ and $3^3=27$, $ \sqrt[3]{19}$ is between $2$ and $3$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        Let $x_0=3$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{array}{|l|l|c|}&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline \quad x_n        &amp;   x_{n+1}	        &amp; \text{Remark}\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline  3		        &amp;   2.703704		&amp; x_{n+1}\ne x_n \\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline  2.703704		&amp;   2.668861    	&amp; x_{n+1}\ne x_n \\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline  2.668861        &amp;   2.668402	    &amp; x_{n+1}\ne x_n \\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline  2.668402  	    &amp;   2.668402	    &amp; x_{n+1}\approx x_n \\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline &lt;br /&gt;                        \end{array}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\therefore\ \sqrt[3]{19}=2.6684$&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;!-- Question End --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;          &lt;!-- Question Start --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;div class=&quot;example&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;h4 class=&quot;title&quot;&gt;Example (2)&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;color:blue; font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                Show that equation $e^x=3x+1$ has a root $\alpha=0$. Show by calculation that this equation also has &lt;br /&gt;                a root, $\beta$, such that $1 &amp;lt; \beta &amp;lt; 2 $. Hence using Newton-Raphson method, find &lt;br /&gt;                the $\beta$ correct to 4 decimal places.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;div style=&quot;padding: 20px;&quot; class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;e^x=3x+1\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ &amp; e^x-3x-1=0\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text{Let } f(x)=e^x-3x-1\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;f(0)=e^0-3(0))-1\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;f(0)=1-0)-1=0\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ &amp; x=0 \text{ is a root of } f(x).\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;f(1)=e^1-3-1=-1.28172 &amp;lt; 0\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;f(2)=e^2-3(2)-1=0.389056 &gt;0\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ &amp; 1 &amp;lt; \beta &amp;lt; 2\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;f&#39;(x)=e^x-3\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ &amp; x_{n+1}=x_n-\frac{e^{x_n}-3{x_n}-1}{e^{x_n}-3}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        Let $x_0=2$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{array}{|l|l|c|}&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline \quad x_n        &amp;   x_{n+1}	        &amp; \text{Remark}\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline  2		        &amp;   1.911358		&amp; x_{n+1}\ne x_n \\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline  1.911358		&amp;   1.911358    	&amp; x_{n+1}\approx x_n \\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline &lt;br /&gt;                        \end{array}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\therefore\ \beta=1.9114$&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;!-- Question End --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;!-- Question Start --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;div class=&quot;example&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;h4 class=&quot;title&quot;&gt;Example (3)&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p style=&quot;color:blue; font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                Given that $f(x)=x^3 - x - 1$. Show that $f(x)=0$ has a root between $1$ and $2$. &lt;br /&gt;                Taking $x_0=1.5$, use Newton-Raphson method to find the root of $f(x)=0$ correct to $3$ decimal places.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;div style=&quot;padding: 20px;&quot; class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;f(x)=x^3 - x - 1\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;f(1)=1-1-1=-1&amp;lt; 0\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;f(2)=8-2-1=5 &gt; 0\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ &amp; f(x)=0 \text{ has a root between } 1 \text{ and } 2. \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;f&#39;(x)=3x^2-1\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ &amp; x_{n+1}=x_n-\frac{{x_n}^3 - {x_n} - 1}{3{x_n}^2-1}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        Taking $x_0=1.5$,&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{array}{|l|l|c|}&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline \quad x_n        &amp;   x_{n+1}	    &amp; \text{Remark}\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline  1.5		        &amp;   1.34783		&amp; x_{n+1}\ne x_n \\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline  1.34783			&amp;   1.32520    	&amp; x_{n+1}\ne x_n \\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline  1.32520			&amp;   1.32472    	&amp; x_{n+1}\approx x_n \\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline  1.32472			&amp;   1.32472    	&amp; x_{n+1}\approx x_n \\&lt;br /&gt;                        \hline &lt;br /&gt;                        \end{array}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\therefore\ $  The required root is $x=1.325$.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;!-- Question End --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/feeds/204014527382837697/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2023/11/find-root-of-equation-by-numerical_14.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/204014527382837697'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/204014527382837697'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2023/11/find-root-of-equation-by-numerical_14.html' title='Find the Root of Equation by Numerical Method : Newton-Raphson Iteration'/><author><name>anak medan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16672862772445386879</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRbhvdfYENRUf9mAB8icmAlVfO1m4yB2YTfGg_6pdLRp2PcybkcpvqDrX-2jSA-74A_ouKWLRBNad7JWKzS0VcjjYRUNJMNsOmoFjckSNJyVmcmrbnyKDJnt0xWKgbHkp6RBqTYh23O2LkpGwQ4pr_U6aTGrKXNwOhDNrIL-DMbRI7VfKvQYmVDpxK8Q/s72-c/cover2.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1686458996561451855.post-2584544754693426568</id><published>2023-11-14T01:33:00.002+07:00</published><updated>2023-11-14T23:08:21.033+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="calculus"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="chain rule"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="cie"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="devaritive"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="differentiation"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="edexcel"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="grade-11 math"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="higher order derivatives"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="igcse"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="second order drivatives"/><title type='text'>Calculus Exercise (6) : Higher Order Derivatives</title><content type='html'>&lt;div id=&quot;google_translate_element&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;script type=&quot;text/javascript&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;function googleTranslateElementInit() {&lt;br /&gt; 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width=&quot;760&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;style&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;   .display {&lt;br /&gt;         display: block;/&gt;         margin-left: auto;&lt;br /&gt;         margin-right: auto;&lt;br /&gt;         width: 70%;&lt;br /&gt;        }&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/style&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;             &lt;ol&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    Let $y=5 x^{3}+7 x^{2}+6$. Find $\dfrac{d y}{d x}, \dfrac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}}, \dfrac{d^{3} y}{d x^{3}}$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;               &lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;Answer&lt;br /&gt;                                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        y &amp;amp;=5 x^{3}+7 x^{2}+6 . \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d y}{d x} &amp;amp;=\dfrac{d}{d x}\left(5 x^{3}+7 x^{2}+6\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=15 x^{2}+14 x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}} &amp;amp;=\dfrac{d}{d x}\left(15 x^{2}+14 x\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=30 x+14 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d^{3} y}{d x^{3}} &amp;amp;=\dfrac{d}{d x}(30 x+14) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=30&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                                      &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    Find $\dfrac{d y}{d x}$ and $\dfrac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}}$ for each of the following functions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    (a) $y=\dfrac{x}{x-1}\\\\ $&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    (b) $y=x \sqrt{x+2}\\\\ $&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    (c) $y=\dfrac{x+1}{x^{2}}\\\\ $&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    (d) $y=\left(3 x^{2}-2 x+1\right)^{2}\\\\ $&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    (e) $y=(3 x+2)^{20}\\\\ $&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    (f) $y=x(2 x-1)^{6}\\\\ $&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    (g) $y=\dfrac{x+1}{x-1}\\\\ $&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    (h) $y=\dfrac{3 x^{2}}{x+3}\\\\ $&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    (i) $y=\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x+2}}\\\\ $&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  Answer&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                       $&lt;br /&gt;                        \begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ (a) } \quad\quad  y &amp;amp;=\dfrac{x}{x-1} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d y}{d x} &amp;amp;=\dfrac{(x-1) \dfrac{d}{d x}(x)-x \dfrac{d}{d x}(x-1)}{(x-1)^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=\dfrac{x-1-x}{(x-1)^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=-\dfrac{1}{(x-1)^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}} &amp;amp;=\dfrac{d}{d x}\left(\dfrac{-1}{(x-1)^{2}}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=\dfrac{d}{d x}\left[-(x-1)^{-2}\right] \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=\dfrac{2}{(x-1)^{3}}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ (b) } \quad\quad  y &amp;amp;=x \sqrt{x+2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d y}{d x} &amp;amp;=x \dfrac{d}{d x} \sqrt{x+2}+\sqrt{x+2} \dfrac{d}{d x}(x) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=\dfrac{x}{2 \sqrt{x+2}}+\sqrt{x+2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=\dfrac{3 x+4}{2 \sqrt{x+2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}} &amp;amp;=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x+2} \dfrac{d}{d x}(3 x+4)-(3 x+4) \dfrac{d}{d x} \sqrt{x+2}}{}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=\dfrac{3 \sqrt{x+2}-\dfrac{3 x+4}{2 \sqrt{x+2}}}{2(x+2)} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=\dfrac{6 x+12-3 x-4}{4(x+2)^{\frac{3}{2}}}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ (c) } \quad\quad  y &amp;amp;=\dfrac{x+1}{x^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d y}{d x} &amp;amp;=\dfrac{x^{2} \dfrac{d}{d x}(x+1)-(x+1) \dfrac{d}{d x}\left(x^{2}\right)}{x^{4}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=\dfrac{x^{2}-2 x(x+1)}{x^{4}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=-\dfrac{x+2}{x^{3}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}} &amp;amp;=-\dfrac{x^{3} \dfrac{d}{d x}(x+2)-(x+2) \dfrac{d}{d x}\left(x^{3}\right)}{x^{6}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=\dfrac{-x^{3}+3 x^{2}(x+2)}{x^{6}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=\dfrac{2(x+3)}{x^{4}}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ (d) } \quad\quad  y &amp;amp;=\left(3 x^{2}-2 x+1\right)^{2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d y}{d x} &amp;amp;=2\left(3 x^{2}-2 x+1\right) \dfrac{d}{d x}\left(3 x^{2}-2 x+1\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=4(3 x-1)\left(3 x^{2}-2 x+1\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}} &amp;amp;=4\left[(3 x-1) \dfrac{d}{d x}\left(3 x^{2}-2 x+1\right)+\left(3 x^{2}-2 x+1\right) \dfrac{d}{d x}(3 x-1)\right] \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=4(3 x-1)(6 x-2)+3\left(3 x^{2}-2 x+1\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=4\left(27 x^{2}-18 x+5\right)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ (e) } \quad\quad  y &amp;amp;=(3 x+2)^{20} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d y}{d x} &amp;amp;=20(3 x+2)^{19} \dfrac{d}{d x}(3 x+2) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=60(3 x+2)^{19} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}} &amp;amp;=1140(3 x+2)^{18} \dfrac{d}{d x}(3 x+2) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=3420(3 x+2)^{18}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ (f) } \quad\quad  y &amp;amp;=x(2 x-1)^{6} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d y}{d x} &amp;amp;=x \dfrac{d}{d x}(2 x-1)^{6}+(2 x-1)^{6} \dfrac{d}{d x}(x) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=6 x(2 x-1)^{5} \dfrac{d}{d x}(2 x-1)+(2 x-1)^{6} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=12 x(2 x-1)^{5}+(2 x-1)^{6} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=(2 x-1)^{5}(14 x-1)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}} &amp;amp;=(2 x-1)^{5} \dfrac{d}{d x}(14 x-1)+(14 x-1) \dfrac{d}{d x}(2 x-1)^{5} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=14(2 x-1)^{5}+5(14 x-1)(2 x-1)^{4} \dfrac{d}{d x}(2 x-1) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=14(2 x-1)^{5}+10(14 x-1)(2 x-1)^{4} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=24(2 x-1)^{4}(7 x-1)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ (g) } \quad\quad  y &amp;amp;=\dfrac{x+1}{x-1} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d y}{d x} &amp;amp;=\dfrac{(x-1) \dfrac{d}{d x}(x+1)-x \dfrac{d}{d x}(x-1)}{(x-1)^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=\dfrac{(x-1)-(x+1)}{(x-1)^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=-\dfrac{2}{(x-1)^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}} &amp;amp;=\dfrac{d}{d x}\left(\dfrac{-2}{(x-1)^{2}}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=\dfrac{d}{d x}\left[-2(x-1)^{-2}\right] \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=\dfrac{4}{(x-1)^{3}}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ (h) } \quad\quad  y &amp;amp;=\dfrac{3 x^{2}}{x+3} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d y}{d x} &amp;amp;=\dfrac{(x+3) \dfrac{d}{d x}\left(3 x^{2}\right)-3 x^{2} \dfrac{d}{d x}(x+3)}{(x+3)^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=\dfrac{6 x(x+3)-3 x^{2}}{(x+3)^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=\dfrac{3\left(x^{2}+6 x\right)}{(x+3)^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}} &amp;amp;=3\left(\dfrac{(x+3)^{2} \dfrac{d}{d x}\left(x^{2}+6 x\right)-\left(x^{2}+6 x\right) \dfrac{d}{d x}(x+3)^{2}}{(x+3)^{4}}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=3\left(\dfrac{2(x+3)^{3}-2(x+3)\left(x^{2}+6 x\right)}{(x+3)^{4}}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=\dfrac{6(x+3)\left(x^{2}+6 x+9-x^{2}-6 x\right)}{(x+3)^{3}}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ (i) } \quad\quad  y &amp;amp;=\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x+2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d y}{d x} &amp;amp;=\dfrac{d}{d x}\left(3(x+2)^{-\frac{1}{2}}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=-\dfrac{3}{2(x+2)^{\frac{3}{2}}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}} &amp;amp;=-\dfrac{3}{2} \dfrac{d}{d x}(x+2)^{-\frac{3}{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=\dfrac{9}{4(x+2)^{\frac{5}{2}}}&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$                        &lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;                     If $f(x)=x^{3}-2 x^{2}+3 x+1$, find $f^{\prime}(x)$ and $f^{\prime \prime}(x)$.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;    Answer&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        f(x)&amp;amp;=x^{3}-2 x^{2}+3 x+1 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        f^{\prime}(x)&amp;amp;=3 x^{2}-4 x+3 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        f^{\prime \prime}(x)&amp;amp;=6 x-4&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;               &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                If $y=3 x^{2}+4 x$, prove that $x^{2} \dfrac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}}-2 x \dfrac{d y}{d x}+2 y=0$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        y  =&amp;amp;\ 3 x^{2}+4 x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d y}{d x}  =&amp;amp;\ 6 x+4 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}}  =&amp;amp;\ 6 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore \quad &amp;amp; x^{2} \dfrac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}}-2 x \dfrac{d y}{d x}+2 y \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                         =&amp;amp;\ x^{2}(6)-2 x(6 x+4)+2\left(3 x^{2}+4 x\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                         =&amp;amp;\ 6 x^{2}-12 x^{2}-8 x+6 x^{2}+8 x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                         =&amp;amp;\ 0&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                       &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    If $y=\dfrac{2 x^{2}+3}{x}$, prove that $x^{2} \dfrac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}}+x \dfrac{d y}{d x}=y$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  Answer&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        y &amp;amp;=\dfrac{2 x^{2}+3}{x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d y}{d x} &amp;amp;=\dfrac{x(4 x)-\left(2 x^{2}+3\right)}{x^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=\dfrac{2 x^{2}-3}{. .2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}} &amp;amp;=\dfrac{x^{2}(4 x)-2 x\left(2 x^{2}-3\right)}{x^{4}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=\dfrac{6}{x^{3}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore x^{2} \dfrac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}}+x \dfrac{d y}{d x} &amp;amp;=x^{2}\left(\dfrac{6}{x^{3}}\right)+x\left(\dfrac{2 x^{2}-3}{x^{2}}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=\dfrac{6+2 x^{2}-3}{x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=\dfrac{2 x^{2}+3}{x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=y&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                &lt;li&gt;                  If $y=x^{2}+2 x+3$, show that $\left(\dfrac{d y}{d x}\right)^{2}+\left(\dfrac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}}\right)^{3}=4 y$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;Answer:&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                       $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        y  =&amp;amp;\ x^{2}+2 x+3 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d y}{d x}  =&amp;amp;\ 2 x+2 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}}  =&amp;amp;\ 2 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\quad &amp;amp;\left(\dfrac{d y}{d x}\right)^{2}+\left(\dfrac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}}\right)^{3} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                         =&amp;amp;\ (2 x+2)^{2}+2^{3} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                         =&amp;amp;\ 4 x^{2}+8 x+12 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                         =&amp;amp;\ 4\left(x^{2}+2 x+3\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                         =&amp;amp;\ 4 y&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;             &lt;li&gt;                 If $y=\dfrac{x^{4}-3}{x^{2}}$, show that $x^{2} y^{\prime \prime}+x y^{\prime}=4 y$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Answer&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        y &amp;amp;=\dfrac{x^{4}-3}{x^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y^{\prime} &amp;amp;=\dfrac{x^{2}\left(4 x^{3}\right)-2 x\left(x^{4}-3\right)}{x^{4}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=\dfrac{2\left(x^{4}+3\right)}{x^{3}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y^{\prime \prime} &amp;amp;=2\left[\dfrac{x^{3}\left(4 x^{3}\right)-\left(3 x^{2}\right)\left(x^{4}+3\right)}{x^{3}}\right] \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        x^{2} y^{\prime \prime}+x y^{\prime} &amp;amp;=x^{2} \cdot \dfrac{2\left(x^{4}-9\right)}{r^{4}}+x \cdot \dfrac{2\left(x^{4}+3\right)}{x^{3}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=\dfrac{2\left(x^{4}-9\right)}{\left.x^{4}-3\right)} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=4 y&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                       &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;                    If $y=2 x^{3}-\dfrac{3}{x}$, show that $x^{2} y^{\prime \prime}-x y^{\prime}-3 y=0$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;br /&gt;                   ANSWER&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        y &amp;amp;=2 x^{3}-\dfrac{3}{x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y^{\prime} &amp;amp;=6 x^{2}+\dfrac{3}{x^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y^{\prime \prime} &amp;amp;=12 x-\dfrac{6}{x^{3}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        x^{2} y^{\prime \prime}-x y^{\prime}-3 y &amp;amp;=x^{2}\left(12 x-\dfrac{6}{x^{3}}\right)-x\left(6 x^{2}+\dfrac{3}{x^{2}}\right)-3\left(2 x^{3}-\dfrac{3}{x}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=12 x^{3}-\dfrac{6}{x}-6 x^{3}-\dfrac{3}{x}-6 x^{3}+\dfrac{3}{x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=0&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                       &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    If $y=x^{2}+x+1$, show that $\left(\dfrac{d y}{d x}\right)^{2}+\dfrac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}}=4 y-1$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;ANswer   &lt;br /&gt;                                         $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        y &amp;amp;=x^{2}+x+1 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d y}{d x} &amp;amp;=2 x+1 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}} &amp;amp;=2 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \left(\dfrac{d y}{d x}\right)^{2}+\dfrac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}} &amp;amp;=(2 x+1)^{2}+2 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=4 x^{2}+4 x+3 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=4 x^{2}+4 x+4-1 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ \left(\dfrac{d y}{d x}\right)^{2}+\dfrac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}} &amp;amp;=4\left(x^{2}+x+1\right)-1 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=4 y-1&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                Given that $y=(2 x-3)^{3}$, find the value of $x$ when $\dfrac{d^2y}{dx^{2}}=0$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  Answer:&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        y &amp;amp;=(2 x-3)^{3} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d y}{d x} &amp;amp;=3(2 x-3)^{2} \dfrac{d}{d x}(2 x-3) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=3(2 x-3)^{2}(2) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=6(2 x-3)^{2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}} &amp;amp;=12(2 x-3) \dfrac{d}{d x}(2 x-3) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=12(2 x-3)(2) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=2 4(2 x-3)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}} &amp;amp;=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        2 4(2 x-3) &amp;amp;=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        x &amp;amp;=\dfrac{3}{2}&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                         &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    Given that $f(x)=p x^{3}+(1-3 p) x^{2}-4$. When $x=2,{f}^{\prime \prime}(x)=-1$. &lt;br /&gt;                    Find the value of $p$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;ANSWER&lt;br /&gt;  $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        f(x) &amp;amp;=p x^{3}+(1-3 p) x^{2}-4 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        f^{\prime}(x) &amp;amp;=3 p x^{2}+2(1-3 p) x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        f^{\prime \prime}(x) &amp;amp;=6 p x+2(1-3 p) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text { When } x &amp;amp;=2 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        f^{\prime \prime}(x) &amp;amp;=-1 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore f^{\prime \prime}(-2) &amp;amp;=-1 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        6 p(-2)+2(1-3 p) &amp;amp;=-1 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        -12 p+2-6 p &amp;amp;=-1 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        -18 p &amp;amp;=-3 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        p &amp;amp;=\dfrac{1}{6}&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                                 &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    The displacement of a particle in metres at time $t$ seconds is modelled by the function&lt;br /&gt;                    $$&lt;br /&gt;                    f(t)=\dfrac{t^{2}+2}{\sqrt{t}}&lt;br /&gt;                    $$&lt;br /&gt;                    The acceleration of the particle in $\mathrm{m} \mathrm{s}^{-2}$ is the second derivative of this function. Find an expression for the acceleration of the particle at time $t$ seconds.&lt;br /&gt;                       &lt;/li&gt;ANSWER&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        f(t)&amp;amp;= \dfrac{t^{2}+2}{\sqrt{t}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        f^{\prime}(t)&amp;amp;= \dfrac{\sqrt{t} \dfrac{d}{d t}\left(t^{2}+2\right)-\left(t^{2}+2\right) \dfrac{d}{d t}(\sqrt{t})}{t} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;= \dfrac{\sqrt{t}(2 t)-\dfrac{\left(t^{2}+2\right)}{2 \sqrt{t}}}{t} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;= \dfrac{4 t^{2}-t^{2}-2}{2 t^{3 / 2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;= \dfrac{3 t^{2}-2}{2 t^{3 / 2}}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ f^{\prime}(t) &amp;amp;=\dfrac{3}{2} t^{1 / 2}-t^{-3 / 2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        f^{\prime \prime}(t) &amp;amp;=\dfrac{3}{4} t^{-1 / 2}+\dfrac{3}{2} t^{-5 / 2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=\dfrac{3}{4 t^{1 / 2}}+\dfrac{3}{2 t^{5 / 2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=\dfrac{3}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{t^{1 / 2}}+\dfrac{2}{t^{5 / 2}}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;amp;=\dfrac{3\left(t^{2}+2\right)}{4 t^{5 / 2}}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\therefore$ The  acceleration of the particle at time $t$ seconds is&lt;br /&gt;                        $\dfrac{3\left(t^{2}+2\right)}{4 t^{5 / 2}}.$&lt;br /&gt;                                            &lt;/ol&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/feeds/2584544754693426568/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2023/11/calculus-exercise-6-higher-order.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/2584544754693426568'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/2584544754693426568'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2023/11/calculus-exercise-6-higher-order.html' title='Calculus Exercise (6) : Higher Order Derivatives'/><author><name>anak medan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16672862772445386879</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjEaUEZ_3aaBuZzhyV9AHEGMLDBMa-cXmo6iYJocbBHHNZ8SBQNqNVgTC7a83O2yR1kaENHKDEdGvU02VrDTQuKYacUDj_PUMx44izPFTGCoWgJbWmM2brn4Z2LP7wC8fe73qgbi_pmtIf9mniRybfUbp2oyToS20aiSdaz0JYH9h5310VuAc0sJosctQ=s72-c" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1686458996561451855.post-2250894081289116760</id><published>2023-11-14T01:33:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2023-11-14T23:08:20.842+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="calculus"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="chain rule"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="cie"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="devaritive"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="differentiation"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="edexcel"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="grade-11 math"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="higher order derivatives"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="igcse"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="implicit functions"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="normal line"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="RUSAK"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="second order drivatives"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="tangent line"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="tangent to acurve"/><title type='text'>Calculus Exercise (7) : Differentiation of Implicit Functions</title><content type='html'>&lt;div id=&quot;google_translate_element&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;script type=&quot;text/javascript&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;function googleTranslateElementInit() {&lt;br /&gt; 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 &lt;br /&gt;  .display {&lt;br /&gt;         display: block;&lt;br /&gt;         margin-left: auto;&lt;br /&gt;         margin-right: auto;&lt;br /&gt;         width: 80%;&lt;br /&gt;        }&lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/style&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;fieldset class=&quot;fieldset-box&quot; style=&quot;margin: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;legend  class=&quot;legend-box&quot;s&gt; &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;b&gt;Explicit Function &lt;/b&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;             &lt;/legend&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p&gt;A function in which the dependent variable can be written explicitly in terms of the &lt;br /&gt;                independent variable.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                For examples, $y = 3x^2 - 1, y = \sin 2x$, etc. &lt;br /&gt;                are explicit functions where $y$ is called the dependent variable &lt;br /&gt;                and $x$ is called the independent variable.&lt;br /&gt;                 &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;/fieldset&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;        &lt;fieldset class=&quot;fieldset-box&quot; style=&quot;margin: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;legend  class=&quot;legend-box&quot;s&gt; &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;b&gt;Implicit Functions&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;             &lt;/legend&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;p&gt;An implicit function is a function in which one variable cannot be explicitly expressed &lt;br /&gt;                in terms of the other.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                For examples, $x^2y + xy^3= 3, x + y^2 = cos xy,$ etc. are implicit functions where &lt;br /&gt;                $y = f (x)$ but sometimes $y$ cannot be explicitly expressed in terms of $x$.&lt;br /&gt;             &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;/fieldset&gt;&lt;br/&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;fieldset class=&quot;fieldset-box&quot; style=&quot;margin: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;legend  class=&quot;legend-box&quot;s&gt; &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;b&gt;Differentiation of Implicit Functions&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;                 &lt;/legend&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                         &lt;br /&gt;                &lt;p&gt;Since $y$ is a function of $x$, it is often easier to differentiate an implicit function &lt;br /&gt;                    by differentiating each term in turn by applying the chain, product and quotient rules.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;/fieldset&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;h2&gt;Problems&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;ol&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    Find $\dfrac{d y}{d x}.\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    (a) $x y=5\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    (b) $x(x+y)=y^{2}\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    (c) $x^{2}-x y^{2}-y^{3}=2\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    (d) $x^{3}-4 x y+y^{2}=14\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    (e) $\dfrac{1}{x^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{y^{2}}=\dfrac{1}{4}\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    (f) $x y-y^{2}+3 x=2\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    (g) $\dfrac{1}{x^{3}}+\dfrac{1}{y^{3}}=\dfrac{1}{8}\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    (h) $x^{2} y-x y^{2}+3 x=2\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    (i) $2 y+5-x^{2}-y^{3}=0$&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;br /&gt;                  SOLUTION&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ (a) }\quad &amp;x y=5\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text { Differentiate with respect to } x.\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;x \dfrac{d y}{d x}+y=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\dfrac{d y}{d x}=-\dfrac{y}{x}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ (b) }\quad &amp;x(x+y)=y^{2}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;x^{2}+x y=y^{2}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text { Differentiate with respect to } x.\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;2 x+x \dfrac{d y}{d x}+y=2 y \dfrac{d y}{d x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;(2 y-x) \dfrac{d y}{d x}=2 x+y \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\dfrac{d y}{d x}=\dfrac{2 x+y}{2 y-x}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ (c) }\quad &amp; x^{2}-x y^{2}-y^{3}=2\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text { Differentiate with respect to } x.\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;2 x-2 x y \dfrac{d y}{d x}-y^{2}-3 y^{2} \dfrac{d y}{d x}=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;2 x-y^{2}=2 x y \dfrac{d y}{d x}+3 y^{2} \dfrac{d y}{d x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\left(2 x y-3 y^{2}\right) \dfrac{d y}{d x}=2 x-y^{2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\dfrac{d y}{d x}=\dfrac{2 x-y^{2}}{2 x y-3 y^{2}}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ (d) }\quad &amp; x^{3}-4 x y+y^{2}=14\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text { Differentiate with respect to } x.\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;3 x^{2}-4 x \dfrac{d y}{d x}-4 y+2 y \dfrac{d y}{d x}=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;3 x^{2}-4 y=4 x \dfrac{d y}{d x}-2 y \dfrac{d y}{d x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;(4 x-2 y) \dfrac{d y}{d x}=3 x^{2}-4 y \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\dfrac{d y}{d x}=\dfrac{3 x^{2}-4 y}{4 x-2 y}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ (e) }\quad &amp; \dfrac{1}{x^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{y^{2}}=\dfrac{1}{4} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text { Differentiate with respect to } x.\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;-\dfrac{2}{x^{3}}-\dfrac{2}{y^{3}} \dfrac{d y}{d x}=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\dfrac{d y}{d x}=-\dfrac{y^{3}}{x^{3}}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ (f) }\quad &amp; x y-y^{2}+3 x=2 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text { Differentiate with respect to } x.\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;x \dfrac{d y}{d x}+y-2 y \dfrac{d y}{d x}+3=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;(2 y-x) \dfrac{d y}{d x}=y+3 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\dfrac{d y}{d x}=\dfrac{y+3}{2 y-x}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ (g) }\quad &amp; \dfrac{1}{x^{3}}+\dfrac{1}{y^{3}}=\dfrac{1}{8} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text { Differentiate with respect to } x.\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;-\dfrac{3}{x^{4}}-\dfrac{3}{y^{4}} \dfrac{d y}{d x}=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\dfrac{d y}{d x}=-\dfrac{y^{4}}{x^{4}}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ (h) }\quad &amp; x^{2} y-x y^{2}+3 x=2 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text { Differentiate with respect to } x.\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;x^{2} \dfrac{d y}{d x}+2 x y-2 x y \dfrac{d y}{d x}-y^{2}+3=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\left(x^{2}-2 x y\right) \dfrac{d y}{d x}=y^{2}-2 x y-3 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\dfrac{d y}{d x}=\dfrac{y^{2}-2 x y-3}{x^{2}-2 x y}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ (i) }\quad &amp; 2 y+5-x^{2}-y^{3}=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text { Differentiate with respect to } x.\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;2 \dfrac{d y}{d x}-2 x-3 y \dfrac{d y}{d x}=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;(2-3 y) \dfrac{d y}{d x}=2 x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\dfrac{d y}{d x}=\dfrac{2 x}{2-3 y}&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                       &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    Given that $x^{2}+y^{2}=1$, show that $y y^{\prime \prime}+\left(y^{\prime}\right)^{2}+1=0$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;SOLUTION&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                 &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;x^{2}+y^{2}=1\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text { Differentiate with respect to } x.\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;2 x+2 y y^{\prime}=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;y y^{\prime}+x=0\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text { Differentiate with respect to } x.\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;y y^{\prime \prime}+\left(y^{\prime}\right)^{2}+1=0&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                 &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    If $x^{2}-y^{2}=3$, show that $y^{2} y^{\prime \prime}+x y^{\prime}=y$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;SOLUTIOON&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;x^{2}-y^{2}=3\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;2 x-2 y y^{\prime}=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;x-y y^{\prime}=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;y y^{\prime}=x\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text { Differentiate with respect to } x.\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;y y^{\prime \prime}+y^{\prime} \cdot y^{\prime}=1 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\therefore\ y^{2} y^{\prime \prime}+y y^{\prime} \cdot y^{\prime}=y \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\therefore\ y^{2} y^{\prime \prime}+x y^{\prime}=y \quad\left[\because y y^{\prime}=x\right]&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    Find the equation of the tangent line to the curve $3 x^{2}+2 y^{2}=3 x y+12$ at the point $(2,3)$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;br /&gt;                  SOLUTION&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/image/ex7_4.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ Curve } : &amp; 3 x^{2}+2 y^{2}=3 x y+12\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ Differentiate } &amp; \text{ with respect to } x.\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        (6 x+4 y) \dfrac{d y}{d x}&amp;=3 x \dfrac{d y}{d x}+3 y \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        (4 y-3 x) \dfrac{d y}{d x}&amp;=3 y-6 x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore \dfrac{d y}{d x}&amp;=\dfrac{3 y-6 x}{4 y-3 x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text { Let }\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)&amp;=(2,3)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        m&amp;=\left.\dfrac{d y}{d x}\right|_{(2,3)}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=\dfrac{3(3)-6(2)}{4(3)-3(2)}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=-\dfrac{1}{2}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\therefore$ The equation of tangent at $\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)$ is&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-y_{1}&amp;=m\left(x-x_{1}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-3&amp;=-\dfrac{1}{2}(x-2) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        x+2 y&amp;=8&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$                 &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                Show that the equation of the tangent to the curve $x^{2}+x y+y=0$ &lt;br /&gt;                at the point $(a, b)$ is $x(2 a+b)+y(a+1)+b=0$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;br /&gt;                SOLUTION&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \quad &amp;\text{ Curve } : x^{2}+x y+y=0\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \quad &amp;\text{Differentiate with respect to } x.\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \quad &amp;2 x+x \frac{d y}{d x}+y+\frac{d y}{d x}=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \quad &amp;(x+1) \frac{d y}{d x}=-(2 x+y) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \quad &amp;\frac{d y}{d x}=-\frac{2 x+y}{x+1}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        The gradient of tangent at $(a, b)$ is&lt;br/&gt; &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \quad \left.\frac{d y}{d x}\right|_{(a, b)}&amp;=-\frac{2 a+b}{a+1}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Since $(a, b)$ lies on the curve,&lt;br/&gt; &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \quad &amp; a^{2}+a b+b =0\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Hence the equation of tangent at $(a, b)$ is&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \quad &amp; y-b=-\frac{2 a+b}{a+1}(x-a) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \quad &amp; y(a+1)-a b-b=-x(2 a+b)+2 a^{2}+a b \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \quad &amp; x(2 a+b)+y(a+1)-2 a^{2}-2 a b-b=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \quad &amp; x(2 a+b)+y(a+1)-2 a^{2}-2 a b-2 b+b=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \quad &amp; x(2 a+b)+y(a+1)-2\left(a^{2}+a b+b\right)+b=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ &amp; x(2 a+b)+y(a+1)-2(0)+b=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ &amp; x(2 a+b)+y(a+1)+b=0&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    Find the coordinates of the points on the curve $x^{2}-y^{2}=3 x y-39$ at which &lt;br /&gt;                    the tangents are (i) parallel (ii) perpendicular to the line $x+y=1$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;SOLUTION&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/image/ex7_6a.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        Curve: $x^{2}-y^{2}=3 x y-39\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        Differentiate with respect to $x$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \quad &amp;2 x-2 y \frac{d y}{d x}=3 x \frac{d y}{d x}+3 y \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \quad &amp;(3 x+2 y) \frac{d y}{d x}=2 x-3 y \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \quad &amp;\frac{d y}{d x}=\frac{2 x-3 y}{3 x+2 y}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Line: $x+y=1 \Rightarrow y=1-x\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\therefore$ The gradient of line $=-1\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        (i) tangent // given line&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \quad &amp; \frac{2 x-3 y}{3 x+2 y}=-1 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \quad &amp; 2 x-3 y=-3 x-2 y \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                         \quad &amp; y=5 x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ &amp; x^{2}-(5 x)^{2}=3 x(5 x)-39 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\quad x^{2}-25 x^{2}=15 x^{2}-39 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ &amp; x^{2}=1 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp; x=\pm 1\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ &amp; y=\pm 5\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Thus, the points on the curve at&lt;br /&gt;                        which the tangents are parallel to the&lt;br /&gt;                        line $x + y = 1$ are $(-1, -5)$ and $(1, 5)$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        (ii) tangent $\perp$ given line&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \quad &amp; \frac{2 x-3 y}{3 x+2 y}=1 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \quad &amp; 2 x-3 y=3 x+2 y \&lt;br /&gt;                        \quad &amp; x=-5 y \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ &amp;(-5 y)^{2}-y^{2}=3(-5 y) y-39 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \quad &amp; 25 y^{2}-y^{2}=-15 y^{2}-39 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \quad &amp; y^{2}=-1\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Since $y^{2}&gt;0$ for all $y \in \mathbb{R}, y^{2}=-1$ is impossible.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Therefore, there is no tangent on the curve which is &lt;br /&gt;                        parallel to the line $x+y=1$.&lt;br /&gt;       &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    The equation of a curve is $x y(x+y)=2 a^{3}$, where $a$ is a non-zero constant. Show that &lt;br /&gt;                    there is only one point on the curve at which the tangent is parallel to the $x$ axis, &lt;br /&gt;                    and find the coordinates of this point.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;SOLUTION&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                        Curve: $y=(x+2 a)^{3} $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ When } y &amp; =a^{3},(x+2 a)^{3}=a^{3}\\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                                  x+2 a &amp;=a \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                         x&amp;=-a\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Thus, $\left(-a, a^{3}\right)$ is the point on the curve where the &lt;br /&gt;                        tangent exists.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x}&amp;=\frac{d}{d x}(x+2 a)^{3}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=3(x+2 a)^{2} \frac{d}{d x}(x+2 a)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=3(x+2 a)^{2}(1)=3(x+2 a)^{2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        m &amp;=\left.\frac{d y}{d x}\right|_{\left(-a, a^{3}\right)}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=3(-a+2 a)^{2}=3 a^{2}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\therefore$ The equation of tangent at $\left(-a, a^{3}\right)$ is&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-a^{3}&amp;=m(x-(-a))\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-a^{3}&amp;=3 a^{2}(x-(-a)) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y&amp;=3 a^{2} x+4 a^{3} &lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$                        &lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    Show that the tangent lines to the curve $x^{2}-x y+y^{2}=3$, &lt;br /&gt;                    at the points where the curve cuts the $x$ axis, are parallel to each other.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;br /&gt;                 SOLUTION&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/image/ex7_8.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        Curve $: x^{2}-x y+y^{2}=3\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        Differentiate with respect to $x$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        2 x-x \frac{d y}{d x}-y+2 y \frac{d y}{d x}&amp;=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        (2 y-x) \frac{d y}{d x}&amp;=y-2 x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x}&amp;=\frac{y-2 x}{2 y-x}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        When the curve cuts the $x$ axis,&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y&amp;=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        x^{2}&amp;=3\\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                        x&amp;=\pm \sqrt{3}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\therefore$ The curve cuts the $x$-axis at&lt;br /&gt;                        $(-\sqrt{3}, 0)$ and $(\sqrt{3}, 0)$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ &amp;\text{ At }(-\sqrt{3}, 0), \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        m_{1}&amp;=\left.\frac{d y}{d x}\right|_{(-\sqrt{3}, 0)}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=\frac{0-2(-\sqrt{3})}{2(0)-(-\sqrt{3})}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=2\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ &amp; \text{ At } (\sqrt{3}, 0),\\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                        m_{2}&amp;=\left.\frac{d y}{d x}\right|_{(\sqrt{3}, 0)}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=\frac{0-2(\sqrt{3})}{2(0)-(\sqrt{3})}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=2\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ m_{1}&amp;=m_{2}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Hence, The two tangents are parallel.&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    Show that the equation of the tangent line to the curve $\dfrac{x^{2}}{a^{2}}+\dfrac{y^{2}}{b^{2}}=1$ &lt;br /&gt;                    at $(p, q)$ is $\dfrac{p x}{a^{2}}+\dfrac{q y}{b^{2}}=1$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              SOLUTION&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{Curve }: &amp;\frac{x^{2}}{a^{2}}+\frac{y^{2}}{b^{2}}=1\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{At }  (p, q), &amp; \frac{p^{2}}{a^{2}}+\frac{q^{2}}{b^{2}}=1\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{Differentiate } &amp; \text{ with respect to } x.\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{2 x}{a^{2}}+\frac{2 y}{b^{2}} \cdot \frac{d y}{d x} &amp;=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x}&amp; =-\frac{b^{2} x}{a^{2} y}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{At }  (p, q), &amp;\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \left.\frac{d y}{d x}\right|_{(p, q)}&amp;=-\frac{b^{2} p}{a^{2} q}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{The equation } &amp; \text{ of tangent at } (p, q) \text{ is}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-q&amp;=-\frac{b^{2} p}{a^{2} q}(x-p)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{Multiplying } &amp; \text{ both sides with } \frac{q}{b^{2}},\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{q y}{b^{2}}-\frac{q^{2}}{b^{2}}&amp;=-\frac{p x}{a^{2}}+\frac{p^{2}}{a^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{p x}{a^{2}}+\frac{q y}{b^{2}}&amp;=\frac{p^{2}}{a^{2}}+\frac{q^{2}}{b^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore \frac{p x}{a^{2}}+\frac{q y}{b^{2}}&amp;=1 \quad \left[\because \frac{p^{2}}{a^{2}}+\frac{q^{2}}{b^{2}}=1\right]&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    Show that the equation of the tangent line to the curve &lt;br /&gt;                    $\dfrac{x^{2}}{a^{2}}-\dfrac{y^{2}}{b^{2}}=1$ at $(m, n)$ is $\dfrac{m x}{a^{2}}-\dfrac{n y}{b^{2}}=1 .$&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;SOLUTION&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{Curve }: \qquad &amp; \frac{x^{2}}{a^{2}}-\frac{y^{2}}{b^{2}}=1\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{At }  (m, n),\qquad &amp; \frac{m^{2}}{a^{2}}-\frac{n^{2}}{b^{2}}=1\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{Differentiate } &amp; \text{ with respect to } x.\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{2 x}{a^{2}}-\frac{2 y}{b^{2}} \cdot \frac{d y}{d x} &amp;=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x} &amp;=\frac{b^{2} x}{a^{2} y} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text { At } &amp; (m, n),\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \left.\frac{d y}{d x}\right|_{(m, n)} &amp;=\frac{b^{2} m}{a^{2} n}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{The equation } &amp; \text{ of tangent at } (m, n) \text{ is}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-n &amp;=\frac{b^{2} m}{a^{2} n}(x-m)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{Multiplying } &amp; \text{ both sides with } \frac{n}{b^{2}},\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{n y}{b^{2}}-\frac{n^{2}}{b^{2}} &amp;=\frac{m x}{a^{2}}-\frac{m^{2}}{a^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{m x}{a^{2}}-\frac{n y}{b^{2}} &amp;=\frac{m^{2}}{a^{2}}-\frac{n^{2}}{b^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore \frac{m x}{a^{2}}-\frac{n y}{b^{2}} &amp;=1 \quad\left[\because \frac{m^{2}}{a^{2}}-\frac{n^{2}}{b^{2}}=1\right]&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    Show that the tangents to each curve $2 x^{2}+y^{2}=6$ and $y^{2}=4 x$ at &lt;br /&gt;                    the point of intersection of the two curves are perpendicular to each other.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;SOLUTION&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/image/ex7_11.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        Curve 1: $2 x^{2}+y^{2}=6\\\\ $ &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Differentiate with respect to $x$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        4 x+2 y \frac{d y}{d x}=0\\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x}=-\frac{2 x}{y}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Curve 2: $y^{2}=4 x\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Differentiate with respect to $x$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        2 y \frac{d y}{d x}=4 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x}=\frac{2}{y}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        At the point of intersection of two curves,&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        2 x^{2}+4 x &amp;=6 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        x^{2}+2 x-3 &amp;=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ (x+3)(x-1)&amp;=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ x =-3 \text { or } x&amp;=1\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        When $x=-3, y^{2}=4(-3)=-12 \notin \mathrm{R} \text{(reject)}\\\\ $ &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        When $x=1, y^{2}=4(1)=2\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Thus, the point of intersection of the two curves is $(1,2)\\\\ $.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        At $(1,2)$, gradient of Curve 1 $=m_{1}=-\frac{2}{2}=-1\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        At $(1,2)$, gradient of Curve 2 $=m_{2}=\frac{2}{2}=1\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\therefore m_{1} m_{2}=-1(1)=-1\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Therefore, the tangents to each curve $2 x^{2}+y^{2}=6$ and $y^{2}=4 x$ at the point of intersection of the two curves are perpendicular to each other.&lt;br /&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    Let $l$ be any tangent line to the curve $\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}=\sqrt{c}$ where $c$ is a non-zero constant. &lt;br /&gt;                    If $l$ cuts the $x$-axis at $(a, 0)$ and the $y$-axis at $(0, b)$, show that $a+b=c$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;SOLUTION&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                        Curve: $\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}=\sqrt{c}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        Differentiate with respect to $x$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{1}{2 \sqrt{x}}+\frac{1}{2 \sqrt{y}} \cdot \frac{d y}{d x}&amp;=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x}&amp;=-\frac{\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Let $\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)$ be any point on the curve.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore \sqrt{x_{1}}+\sqrt{y_{1}}&amp;=\sqrt{c} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \left.\frac{d y}{d x}\right|_{\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)}&amp;=-\frac{\sqrt{y_{1}}}{\sqrt{x_{1}}}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        The equation of tangent at $\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)$ is&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-y_{1}=-\frac{\sqrt{y_{1}}}{\sqrt{x_{1}}}\left(x-x_{1}\right)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        The tangent cuts $x$-axis at $(a, 0)$ and $y$-axis at $(0, b)$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore 0-y_{1}&amp;=-\frac{\sqrt{y_{1}}}{\sqrt{x_{1}}}\left(a-x_{1}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        a&amp;=x_{1}+\sqrt{x_{1} y_{1}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore b-y_{1}&amp;=-\frac{\sqrt{y_{1}}}{\sqrt{x_{1}}}\left(0-x_{1}\right)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        b&amp;=y_{1}+\sqrt{x_{1} y_{1}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ a+b&amp;=x_{1}+2 \sqrt{x_{1} y_{1}}+y_{1} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                         a+b&amp;=\left(\sqrt{x_{1}}\right)^{2}+2 \sqrt{x_{1} y_{1}}+\left(\sqrt{y_{1}}\right)^{2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                         a+b&amp;=\left(\sqrt{x_{1}}+\sqrt{y_{1}}\right)^{2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                         a+b&amp;=(\sqrt{c})^{2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ a+b&amp;=c&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$                        &lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    Find the normals to the curve $x y+2 x-y=0$ that are parallel to the line $2 x+y=0$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;br /&gt;                  SOLUTION&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/image/ex7_13.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{Curve }: x y+2 x-y=0\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{Differentiate with respect to } x.\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        x \frac{d y}{d x}+y+2-\frac{d y}{d x}&amp;=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        (1-x) \frac{d y}{d x}&amp;=y+2 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x}&amp;=\frac{y+2}{1-x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore \text { Gradient of tangent }&amp;=\frac{2+y}{1-x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore \text { Gradient of normal }&amp;=-\frac{1}{\frac{d y}{d x}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=\frac{x-1}{y+2}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{Line }: 2 x+y&amp;=0\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ y&amp;=-2 x\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ \text{ Gradient of line } &amp;=-2\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Since normals $\parallel$ given line,&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{x-1}{y+2}&amp;=-2 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ x&amp;=-2 y-3&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Substituting $x=-2, y-3$ in curve equation,&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        (-2 y-3) y+2(-2 y-3)-y&amp;=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ y^{2}+4 y+3&amp;=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ (y+3)(y+1)&amp;=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ y=-3 \text { or } y&amp;=-1\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{When } y=-3,\quad x&amp;=3\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{When } y=-1,\quad x&amp;=-1\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        The equation of normal line&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;(-1,-1) \text { is } y+1=-2(x+1) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\therefore \quad 2 x+y+3=0\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        The equation of normal line at $(3,-3)$  is &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y+3&amp;=-2(x-3) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ 2 x+y-3&amp;=0\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                       &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    If $f(x)+x^{2}[f(x)]^{3}=10$ and $f(1)=2$, find $f^{\prime}(1)$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;SOLUTION&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned} &lt;br /&gt;                        f(x)+x^{2}[f(x)]^{3} &amp;=10 \\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                        \text { Differentiate with respect to } &amp; x . \\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                        f^{\prime}(x)+3 x^{2}[f(x)]^{2} \cdot f^{\prime}(x)+2 x[f(x)]^{3} &amp;=0 \\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                        f(1) &amp;=2 \quad \text { (given) } \\\\ \text { When } x &amp;=1 \\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ f^{\prime}(1)+3(1)^{2}[f(1)]^{2} \cdot f^{\prime}(1)+2(1)[f(1)]^{3} &amp;=0 \\\\ \therefore\ f^{\prime}(1)+3(1)^{2}[2]^{2} \cdot f^{\prime}(1)+2(1)[2]^{3} &amp;=0 \\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ f^{\prime}(1)+12 f^{\prime}(1)+16 &amp;=0 \\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ 13 f^{\prime}(1) &amp;=-16 \\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ f^{\prime}(1) &amp;=-\frac{16}{13} &lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                       &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    If $L$ is any normal line to the curve $x^{2}+y^{2}=1$, show that $L$ passes through the origin.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;br /&gt;                  SOLUTION&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                                        Curve: $x^{2}+y^{2}=1$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Differentiate with respect to $x$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        2 x+2 y \frac{d y}{d x}&amp;=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x}&amp;=-\frac{x}{y} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore \text { Gradient of tangent }&amp;=-\frac{x}{y}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore \text { Gradient of normal }&amp;=\frac{y}{x}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        Let $(a, b)$ be any point on the curve.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore a^{2}+b^{2}&amp;=1\\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                        b^{2}&amp;=1-a^{2}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Gradient of normal at $(a, b)=\dfrac{b}{a}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Equation of normal at $(a, b)$ is&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-b&amp;=\frac{b}{a}(x-a) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ L: y&amp;=\frac{b}{a} x\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{When } x=0, y&amp;=0\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\therefore\ L$ passes through the origin.&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    Where does the normal line to the curve $x^{2}-x y+y^{2}=3$ at the point &lt;br /&gt;                    $(-1,1)$ intersect the curve a second time?&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  SOLUTION&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/image/ex7_16.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        Curve: $x^{2}-x y+y^{2}=3\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        Differentiate with respect to $x$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        2 x-x \frac{d y}{d x}-y+2 y \frac{d y}{d x}&amp;=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x}&amp;=\frac{2 x-y}{x-2 y} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text { At } (-1,1),&amp;  \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text { Gradient of tangent } &amp;=\frac{d y}{d x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=\frac{2(-1)-1}{-1-2(1)} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=1\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore \text { Gradient of normal }&amp;=-1\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Let $(a, b)$ be a point on the curve that the normal &lt;br /&gt;                        intersect the curve a second time.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore \frac{b-1}{a+1}=-1 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        b=-a\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Since $(a, b)$ lies on the curve, $a^{2}-a b+b^{2}=3$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore a^{2}-a(-a)+(-a)^{2}&amp;=3 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore 3 a^{2}&amp;=3 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                         a^{2}&amp;=1 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore a&amp;=\pm 1\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ When } a=1, b=-1\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\therefore$ The second point of intersection of normal and &lt;br /&gt;                        the curve is $(1,-1)$.&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                                &lt;/ol&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/feeds/2250894081289116760/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2023/11/calculus-exercise-7-differentiation-of.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/2250894081289116760'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/2250894081289116760'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2023/11/calculus-exercise-7-differentiation-of.html' title='Calculus Exercise (7) : Differentiation of Implicit Functions'/><author><name>anak medan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16672862772445386879</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgA1TugQbxr4KL3Z-mDcHdmsCCNbRD4CIrkZq0Ulq_e4CQF24GfccNOYl4kt_9idZQvIOTAB71Ahd0dOrImAf81nhDuj1b3MCe1FWd7zDtcC9FDuFj-4XQuYOjyV7pf7vMT4At_eDxeT4odeDGhPNkpCdj8qWZU25DRvxQ1ebAObBSHsU-pkVX83IDehQ=s72-c" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1686458996561451855.post-6231859211347632290</id><published>2023-11-14T01:33:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2023-11-14T23:08:20.525+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="calculus"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="cie"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="derivative of trig function"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="devaritive"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="differentiation"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="edexcel"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="grade-11 math"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="igcse"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="implicit functions"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="normal line"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="second order drivatives"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="tangent line"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="tangent to acurve"/><title type='text'>Calculus Exercise (8) : Derivative of Trigonometric Functions</title><content type='html'>&lt;div id=&quot;google_translate_element&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;script type=&quot;text/javascript&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;function googleTranslateElementInit() {&lt;br /&gt; 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 &lt;br /&gt;  .display {&lt;br /&gt;         display: block;&lt;br /&gt;         margin-left: auto;&lt;br /&gt;         margin-right: auto;&lt;br /&gt;         width: 80%;&lt;br /&gt;        }&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  .tg  {border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;}&lt;br /&gt;.tg td{border-color:black;border-style:solid;border-width:0px;font-family:Poppins, sans-serif;font-size:14px;&lt;br /&gt;  overflow:hidden;padding:10px 5px;word-break:normal;}&lt;br /&gt;.tg th{border-color:black;border-style:solid;border-width:0px;font-family:Poppins, sans-serif;font-size:14px;&lt;br /&gt;  font-weight:normal;overflow:hidden;padding:10px 5px;word-break:normal;}&lt;br /&gt;.tg .tg-8jgo{border-color:#ff0015;border-style:solid;border-width:0px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top}&lt;br /&gt;@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.tg {width: auto !important;}.tg col {width: auto !important;}.tg-wrap {overflow-x: auto;-webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;}}&lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/style&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;h2&gt;Trigonometric Limits &lt;/h2&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;       &lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;br /&gt;             &lt;ol&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                 &lt;li&gt;  $\displaystyle \lim_{x \to 0} \left( {\sin x} \right)=0$&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                 &lt;li&gt;  $\displaystyle \lim_{x \to 0} \left(\cos x\right)=1$&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                 &lt;li&gt;  $\displaystyle \lim_{x \to 0} \left(\dfrac{\sin x}{x}\right)=1$&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                 ဖော်ပြပါပုံသေနည်း များဖြစ်ပေါ်လာပုံကို &lt;a href=&quot;/search?q=trigonometric%20limits&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;ဒီနေရာမှာ&lt;/a&gt; ဖတ်ပါ။&lt;br /&gt;             &lt;/ol&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;     &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;       &lt;br /&gt;                &lt;h2&gt;Derivative of $\sin x$ and $\cos x$ from first principles&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;                         &lt;br /&gt;            အထက်ဖော်ပြပါ limit များကို အသုံးချ၍ $\sin x$ နှင့် $\cos x$ ၏ derivatives များကို အောက်ပါအတိုင်း ရှာယူနိုင်ပါသည်။&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;			 &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;				&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  					&lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   						 &lt;td class=&quot;tg-8jgo&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;          &lt;br /&gt;            $$\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;            y &amp;=\sin x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            y+\delta y &amp;=\sin (x+\delta x) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            \delta y &amp;=(y+\delta y)-y \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            &amp;=\sin (x+\delta x)-\sin x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            &amp;=2 \cos \frac{x+\delta x+x}{2} \sin \frac{x+\delta x-x}{2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            \frac{\delta y}{\delta x} &amp;=\frac{2}{\delta x} \cos \left(x+\frac{\delta x}{2}\right) \sin \frac{\delta x}{2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            &amp;=\cos \left(x+\frac{\delta x}{2}\right) \frac{\sin \frac{\delta x}{2}}{\frac{\delta x}{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            \frac{d y}{d x} &amp;=\lim _{\delta x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\delta y}{\delta x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            &amp;=\lim _{\delta x \rightarrow 0}\left[\cos \left(x+\frac{\delta x}{2}\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \frac{\delta x}{2}}{\frac{\delta x}{2}}\right] \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            &amp;=\cos (x+0)(1) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            &amp;=\cos x&lt;br /&gt;            \end{aligned}$$&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;span style=&quot;color:#C00; font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;$$\begin{array}{|c|}&lt;br /&gt;                \hline&lt;br /&gt;                \dfrac{d}{d x}(\sin x)=\cos x\\&lt;br /&gt;                \hline&lt;br /&gt;                \end{array}$$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            $$\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;            y &amp;=\cos x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            y+\delta y &amp;=\cos (x+\delta x) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            \delta y &amp;=(y+\delta y)-y \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            &amp;=\cos (x+\delta x)-\cos x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            &amp;=-2 \sin \left(\frac{x+\delta x+x}{2}\right) \sin \left(\frac{x+\delta x-x}{2}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            \frac{\delta y}{\delta x} &amp;=-\frac{2}{\delta x} \sin \left(x+\frac{\delta x}{2}\right) \sin \frac{\delta x}{2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            &amp;=-\sin \left(x+\frac{\delta x}{2}\right) \frac{\sin \frac{\delta x}{2}}{\frac{\delta x}{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            \frac{d y}{d x} &amp;=\lim _{\delta x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\delta y}{\delta x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            &amp;=\lim _{\delta x \rightarrow 0}\left[-\sin \left(x+\frac{\delta x}{2}\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \frac{\delta x}{2}}{\frac{\delta x}{2}}\right] \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            &amp;=-\sin x&lt;br /&gt;            \end{aligned}$$&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;span style=&quot;color:#C00; font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;$$\begin{array}{|c|}&lt;br /&gt;            \hline&lt;br /&gt;            \dfrac{d}{d x}(\cos x)=-\sin x\\&lt;br /&gt;            \hline&lt;br /&gt;            \end{array}$$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;               &lt;br /&gt;               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;       &lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;h2&gt;Drivative of Other Trigonometric Functions &lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;           &lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;br /&gt;             &lt;p&gt;$\sin x$ နှင့် $\cos x$ ၏ derivatives များကို သိလျှင် အခြား trigonometric fuctions များ ဖြစ်ကြသော &lt;br /&gt;             $\tan x, \cot x, \sec x$ နှင့် $\csc x$ တို့၏ derivatives များကို chain rule, product rule, quotient &lt;br /&gt;             rule များကို သုံး၍ အလွယ်တကူရှာနိုင်ပါသည်။&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;           &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;				&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  					&lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   						 &lt;td class=&quot;tg-8jgo&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;          &lt;br /&gt;          &lt;br /&gt;             &lt;h3&gt;Derivative of $\tan x$&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;br /&gt;             $$&lt;br /&gt;             \begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;             \frac{d}{d x}(\tan x) &amp;=\frac{d}{d x}\left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;             &amp;=\frac{\cos x \frac{d}{d x}(\sin x)-\sin x \frac{d}{d x}(\cos x)}{\cos ^{2} x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;             &amp;=\frac{\cos ^{2} x+\sin ^{2} x}{\cos ^{2} x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;             &amp;=\frac{1}{\cos ^{2} x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;             &amp;=\sec ^{2} x&lt;br /&gt;             \end{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;             $$&lt;br /&gt;             &lt;h3&gt;Derivative of $\cot x$&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            $$\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;            \dfrac{d}{d x}(\cot x) &amp;=\dfrac{d}{d x}\left(\dfrac{\cos x}{\sin x}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            &amp;=\dfrac{\sin x \dfrac{d}{d x}(\cos x)-\cos x \dfrac{d}{d x}(\sin x)}{\sin ^{2} x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            &amp;=\dfrac{-\sin ^{2} x-\cos ^{2} x}{\sin ^{2} x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            &amp;=\dfrac{-\left(\sin ^{2} x+\cos ^{2} x\right)}{\sin ^{2} x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            &amp;=-\dfrac{1}{\sin ^{2} x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            &amp;=-\csc^{2} x&lt;br /&gt;            \end{aligned}$$&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;h3&gt;Derivative of $\sec x$&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            $$\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;            \frac{d}{d x}(\sec x) &amp;=\frac{d}{d x}\left(\frac{1}{\cos x}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            &amp;=-\frac{1}{\cos ^{2} x} \frac{d}{d x}(\cos x) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            &amp;=-\frac{1}{\cos ^{2} x}(-\sin x) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            &amp;=\frac{1}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            &amp;=\sec x \cdot \tan x&lt;br /&gt;            \end{aligned}$$&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;h3&gt;Derivative of $\csc x$&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;br /&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;            $$\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;            \frac{d}{d x}(\csc x) &amp;=\frac{d}{d x}\left(\frac{1}{\sin x}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            &amp;=-\frac{1}{\sin ^{2} x} \frac{d}{d x}(\sin x) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            &amp;=-\frac{1}{\sin x} \frac{\cos x}{\sin x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;            &amp;=-\csc x \cot x&lt;br /&gt;            \end{aligned}$$&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  			&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;		&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;	&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;       &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;h2&gt;Formulas for Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;         &lt;br /&gt;          &lt;br /&gt;          &lt;br /&gt;              &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;				&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  					&lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   						 &lt;td class=&quot;tg-8jgo&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;             $$\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}&lt;br /&gt;             \hline 1 &amp; \dfrac{d}{d x} \sin x=\cos x &amp; \dfrac{d}{d x} \sin u=\cos u \dfrac{d u}{d x} \\&lt;br /&gt;             \hline 2 &amp; \dfrac{d}{d x} \cos x=-\sin x &amp; \dfrac{d}{d x} \cos u=-\sin u \dfrac{d u}{d x} \\&lt;br /&gt;             \hline 3 &amp; \dfrac{d}{d x} \tan x=\sec ^{2} x &amp; \dfrac{d}{d x} \tan u=\sec ^{2} u \dfrac{d u}{d x} \\&lt;br /&gt;             \hline 4 &amp; \dfrac{d}{d x} \cot x=-\csc^{2} x &amp; \dfrac{d}{d x} \cot u=-\csc^{2} u \dfrac{d u}{d x} \\&lt;br /&gt;             \hline 5 &amp; \dfrac{d}{d x} \sec x=\sec x \tan x &amp; \dfrac{d}{d x} \sec u=\sec u \tan u \dfrac{d u}{d x} \\&lt;br /&gt;             \hline 6 &amp; \dfrac{d}{d x} \csc x=-\csc x \cot x &amp; \dfrac{d}{d x} \csc u=-\csc u \cot u \dfrac{d u}{d x} \\&lt;br /&gt;             \hline&lt;br /&gt;             \end{array}$$&lt;br /&gt;               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  			&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;		&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;	&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br/&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;h2&gt;Problems&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;ol&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                 &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;   Differentiate the following with respect to $x$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    $\begin{aligned} &lt;br /&gt;                    &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(a) }\quad &amp; \sin 5 x\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(b) }\quad &amp; \cos \left(7 x^{2}-2\right)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(c) }\quad &amp; \tan (6 x+7)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(d) }\quad &amp; 5 \sec (3 x+1)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(e) }\quad &amp; \sin (2 x+3) \\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(f) }\quad &amp; \cos \left(\dfrac{3}{x}\right)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(g) }\quad &amp; x^{3} \cos 2 x\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(h) }\quad &amp; \cos 7 x+\sin 3 x\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(i) }\quad &amp; \dfrac{\cot (1-2 x)}{3}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(j) }\quad &amp; -2 \csc 3 x\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(k) }\quad &amp; \sin x \cos 2 x\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(l) }\quad &amp; \cos ^{2}(5 x)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(m) }\quad &amp; \tan ^{3} \sqrt{x}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(n) }\quad &amp; \sin (\cos x)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(o) }\quad &amp; \dfrac{\sin x}{1+\tan x}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(p) }\quad &amp; \sqrt{\sin x+\cos x}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(q) }\quad &amp; (x+\tan x)^{3}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(r) }\quad &amp; \dfrac{\tan 2 x}{1+\cot x}&lt;br /&gt;                    \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(a)}\quad &amp; \dfrac{d}{d x}(\sin 5 x)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp;\ \cos 5 x \dfrac{d}{d x}(5 x) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp;\ 5 \cos 5 x\\\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(b)}\quad &amp; \dfrac{d}{d x}\left[\cos \left(7 x^{2}-2\right)\right]\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp;\ -\sin \left(7 x^{2}-2\right) \dfrac{d}{d x}\left(7 x^{2}-2\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp;\ -14 x \sin \left(7 x^{2}-2\right)\\\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(c)}\quad &amp; \dfrac{d}{d x}[\tan (6 x+7)] \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp;\ \sec ^{2}(6 x+7) \dfrac{d}{d x}(6 x+7) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp;\ 6 \sec ^{2}(6 x+7)\\\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(d)}\quad &amp; \dfrac{d}{d x}[5 \sec (3 x+1)] \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp;\ 5 \sec (3 x+1) \tan (3 x+1) \dfrac{d}{d x}(3 x+1) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp;\ 15 \sec (3 x+1) \tan (3 x+1)\\\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(e)}\quad &amp; \dfrac{d}{d x}[\sin (2 x+3)] \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp;\ \cos (2 x+3) \dfrac{d}{d x}(2 x+3) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp;\ 2 \cos (2 x+3)\\\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(f)}\quad &amp; \dfrac{d}{d x}\left[\cos \left(\dfrac{3}{x}\right)\right] \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp;\ -\sin \left(\dfrac{3}{x}\right) \dfrac{d}{d x}\left(\dfrac{3}{x}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp;\ \dfrac{3}{x^{2}} \sin \left(\dfrac{3}{x}\right)\\\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(g)}\quad &amp;\dfrac{d}{d x}\left(x^{3} \cos 2 x\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp;\ x^{3} \dfrac{d}{d x}(\cos 2 x)+\cos 2 x \dfrac{d}{d x}\left(x^{3}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp;\ -2 x^{3} \sin 2 x+3 x^{2} \cos 2 x\\\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(h)}\quad &amp; \dfrac{d}{d x}(\cos 7 x+\sin 3 x) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp;\ -\sin 7 x \dfrac{d}{d x}(7 x)+\cos 3 x \dfrac{d}{d x}(3 x) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp;\ -7 \sin 7 x+3 \cos 3 x\\\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(i)}\quad &amp; \dfrac{d}{d x}\left[\dfrac{\cot (1-2 x)}{3}\right] \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp;\ -\dfrac{1}{3} \csc^{2}(1-2 x) \dfrac{d}{d x}(1-2 x) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp;\ \dfrac{2}{3} \csc^{2}(1-2 x)\\\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(j)}\quad &amp; \dfrac{d}{d x}(-2 \csc 3 x) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp;\ -2(-\csc 3 x \cot 3 x) \dfrac{d}{d x}(3 x) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp;\ 6 \csc 3 x \cot 3 x\\\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(k)}\quad &amp; \dfrac{d}{d x}(\sin x \cos 2 x)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp;\ \sin x \dfrac{d}{d x}(\cos 2 x)+\cos 2 x \dfrac{d}{d x}(\sin x)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp;\ -\sin x \sin 2 x \dfrac{d}{d x}(2 x)+\cos x \cos 2 x\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp;\ -2 \sin x \sin 2 x+\cos x \cos 2 x\\\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(l)}\quad &amp; \dfrac{d}{d x}\left[\cos ^{2}(5 x)\right]\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp;\ 2 \cos 5 x \dfrac{d}{d x}(\cos 5 x)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp;\ -2 \sin 5 x \cos 5 x \dfrac{d}{d x}(5 x)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp;\ -10 \sin 5 x \cos 5 x\\\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(m)}\quad &amp; \dfrac{d}{d x}\left(\tan ^{3} \sqrt{x}\right)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp;\ 3 \tan ^{2} \sqrt{x} \dfrac{d}{d x}(\tan \sqrt{x})\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp;\ 3 \tan ^{2} \sqrt{x} \sec ^{2} \sqrt{x} \dfrac{d}{d x}(\sqrt{x})\\\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(n)}\quad &amp; \dfrac{d}{d x}[\sin (\cos x)] \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp; \cos (\cos x) \dfrac{d}{d x}(\cos x) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp;-\sin x[\cos (\cos x)] \\\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(o)}\quad &amp; \dfrac{d}{d x}\left(\dfrac{\sin x}{1+\tan x}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp; \dfrac{(1+\tan x) \dfrac{d}{d x}(\sin x)-\sin x \dfrac{d}{d x}(1+\tan x)}{(1+\tan x)^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp; \dfrac{\cos x(1+\tan x)-\sin x \cdot \sec ^{2} x}{(1+\tan x)^{2}}\\\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(p)}\quad &amp; \dfrac{d}{d x} \sqrt{\sin x+\cos x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp; \dfrac{1}{2 \sqrt{\sin x+\cos x}} \dfrac{d}{d x}(\sin x+\cos x) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp; \dfrac{\cos x-\sin x}{2 \sqrt{\sin x+\cos x}} \\\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(q)}\quad &amp; \dfrac{d}{d x}(x+\tan x)^{3} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp; 3(x+\tan x)^{2} \dfrac{d}{d x}(x+\tan x) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp; 3(x+\tan x)^{2}\left(1+\sec ^{2} x\right) \\\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(r)}\quad &amp; \dfrac{d}{d x}\left(\dfrac{\tan 2 x}{1+\cot x}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp; \dfrac{(1+\cot x) \dfrac{d}{d x}(\tan 2 x)-(\tan 2 x) \dfrac{d}{d x}(1+\cot x)}{(1+\cot x)^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp; \dfrac{2 \tan 2 x(1+\cot x)+\tan 2 x \csc ^{2} x}{(1+\cot x)^{2}}&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    Find $\dfrac{d y}{d x}$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                    &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(a) }\quad &amp; y=\sin^2x\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(b) }\quad &amp; y=\cos \sqrt{x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(c) }\quad &amp; y=\tan ^{2}\left(x^{2}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(d) }\quad &amp; y=\sin 2x – x \cos x\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(e) }\quad &amp; y=\dfrac{x}{\tan x}\\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(f) }\quad &amp; y=\sin x \cos ^{2} x\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(g) }\quad &amp; y=\sin \left(1-x^{2}\right)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(h) }\quad &amp; y=2 \pi x+2 \cos \pi x\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(i) }\quad &amp; y=\sin ^{2} x \cos {3 x}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(j) }\quad &amp; y=x^{2} \sin \left(\dfrac{1}{x}\right)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(k) }\quad &amp; 3 x^{2}+2 \sin y=y^{2}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(l) }\quad &amp; \sin x \cos y=2 y\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(m) }\quad &amp; 2 x y+\sin x=3\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(n) }\quad &amp; y=\dfrac{\cos (1-2 x)}{\sqrt{x}}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(o) }\quad &amp; y=\sin ^{4} x \cos (3 x)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(p) }\quad &amp; x+\sin y=\cos (x y)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(q) }\quad &amp; x+y^{2}=\sin (x+y)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text {(r) }\quad &amp; 2 \sin x=x+\cos y&lt;br /&gt;                    \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt; &lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(a)}\quad  y &amp;=\sin ^{2} x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d y}{d x} &amp;=2 \sin x \dfrac{d}{d x}(\sin x) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=2 \sin x \cos x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=\sin 2 x \\\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(b)}\quad  y &amp;=\cos \sqrt{x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d y}{d x} &amp;=2(-\sin \sqrt{x}) \dfrac{d}{d x}(\sqrt{x}) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=-\dfrac{\sin \sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}} \\\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(c)}\quad  y &amp;=\tan ^{2}\left(x^{2}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d y}{d x} &amp;=2 \tan \left(x^{2}\right) \dfrac{d}{d x}\left[\tan \left(x^{2}\right)\right] \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=2 \tan \left(x^{2}\right) \sec ^{2}\left(x^{2}\right) \dfrac{d}{d x}\left(x^{2}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=4 x \tan \left(x^{2}\right) \sec ^{2}\left(x^{2}\right)\\\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(d)}\quad  y &amp;=\sin 2 x-x \cos x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d y}{d x} &amp;=\cos 2 x \dfrac{d}{d x}(2 x)-(-x \sin x+\cos x) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=2 \cos 2 x+x \sin x-\cos x \\\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(e)}\quad  y &amp;=\dfrac{x}{\tan x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d y}{d x} &amp;=\dfrac{\tan x-x \sec ^{2} x}{\tan ^{2} x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=\dfrac{1}{\tan x}-x \dfrac{\cos ^{2} x}{\sin ^{2} x} \dfrac{1}{\cos ^{2} x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=\cot x-x \operatorname{cosec}^{2} x \\\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(f)}\quad  y &amp;=\sin x \cos ^{2} x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d y}{d x} &amp;=\sin x(2 \cos x) \dfrac{d}{d x}(\cos x)+\cos ^{2} x \cdot \cos x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=-2 \sin ^{2} x \cos x+\cos ^{3} x\\\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(g)}\quad y &amp;=\sin \left(1-x^{2}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d y}{d x} &amp;=\cos \left(1-x^{2}\right) \dfrac{d}{d x}\left(1-x^{2}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=-2 x \cos \left(1-x^{2}\right) \\\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(h)}\quad  y &amp;=2 \pi x+2 \cos \pi x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d y}{d x} &amp;=2 \pi-2 \sin \pi x \dfrac{d}{d x}(\pi x) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=2 \pi(1-\sin \pi x) \\\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(i)}\quad  y &amp;=\sin ^{2} x \cos 3 x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d y}{d x} &amp;=-\sin ^{2} x \sin 3 x \dfrac{d}{d x}(3 x)+\cos 3 x(2 \sin x) \dfrac{d}{d x}(\sin x) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=-3 \sin ^{2} x \sin 3 x+2 \sin x \cos x \cos 3 x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=-3 \sin ^{2} x \sin 3 x+\sin 2 x \cos 3 x \\\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(j)}\quad  y &amp;=x^{2} \sin \left(\dfrac{1}{x}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d y}{d x} &amp;=x^{2} \cos \left(\dfrac{1}{x}\right) \dfrac{d}{d x}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}\right)+2 x \sin \left(\dfrac{1}{x}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=x^{2}\left(-\dfrac{1}{x^{2}}\right) \cos \left(\dfrac{1}{x}\right)+2 x \sin \left(\dfrac{1}{x}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=-\cos \left(\dfrac{1}{x}\right)+2 x \sin \left(\dfrac{1}{x}\right)\\\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(k)}\quad &amp; 3 x^{2}+2 \sin y=y^{2}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text{Differentiate with respect to } x,\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;6 x+2 \cos y \dfrac{d y}{d x}=2 y \dfrac{d y}{d x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\dfrac{d y}{d x}=\dfrac{3 x}{y-\cos y} \\\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(l)}\quad &amp; \sin x \cos y=2 y\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text{Differentiate with respect to } x,\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;-\sin x \sin y \dfrac{d y}{d x}+\cos x \cos y=2 \dfrac{d y}{d x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\dfrac{d y}{d x}=\dfrac{\cos x \cos y}{2+\sin x \sin y}  \\\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(m)}\quad &amp;2 x y+\sin x=3\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text{Differentiate with respect to } x,\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;2 x \dfrac{d y}{d x}+2 y+\cos x=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\dfrac{d y}{d x}=-\dfrac{\cos x+2 y}{2 x}\\\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(n)}\quad y &amp;=\dfrac{\cos (1-2 x)}{\sqrt{x}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d y}{d x} &amp;=\dfrac{-\sqrt{x} \sin (1-2 x) \dfrac{d}{d x}(1-2 x)-\dfrac{\cos (1-2 x)}{2 \sqrt{x}}}{x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=\dfrac{1}{x}\left[2 \sqrt{x} \sin (1-2 x)-\dfrac{\cos (1-2 x)}{2 \sqrt{x}}\right] \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=\dfrac{4 x \sin (1-2 x)-\cos (1-2 x)}{2 x \sqrt{x}} \\\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(o)}\quad y &amp;=\sin ^{4} x \cos (3 x) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d y}{d x} &amp;=-\sin ^{4} x \sin 3 x \dfrac{d}{d x}(3 x)+4 \sin ^{3} x \cos (3 x) \dfrac{d}{d x}(\sin x) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=-3 \sin ^{4} x \sin 3 x+4 \sin ^{3} x \cos (3 x) \cos x \\\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(p)}\quad &amp; x+ \sin y=\cos (x y) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text{Differentiate with respect to } x,\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;1+\cos y \dfrac{d y}{d x}=-\sin (x y) \dfrac{d}{d x}(x y) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;1+\cos y \dfrac{d y}{d x}=-\sin (x y)\left(x \dfrac{d y}{d x}+y\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;{[x \sin (x y)+\cos y] \dfrac{d y}{d x}=-[1+y \sin (x y)]} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\dfrac{d y}{d x}=-\dfrac{1+y \sin (x y)}{x \sin (x y)+\cos y} \\\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(q)}\quad &amp; x+\sin y=\cos (x y)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text{Differentiate with respect to } x,\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;1+\cos y \dfrac{d y}{d x}=-\sin (x y) \dfrac{d}{d x}(x y) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;1+\cos y \dfrac{d y}{d x}=-\sin (x y)\left(x \dfrac{d y}{d x}+y\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;{[x \sin (x y)+\cos y] \dfrac{d y}{d x}=-[1+y \sin (x y)]} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\dfrac{d y}{d x}=-\dfrac{1+y \sin (x y)}{x \sin (x y)+\cos y} \\\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(r)}\quad &amp; x+y^{2}=\sin (x+y)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;1+2 y \dfrac{d y}{d x}=\cos (x+y) \dfrac{d}{d x}(x+y) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;1+2 y \dfrac{d y}{d x}=\cos (x+y)\left(1+\dfrac{d y}{d x}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;{[2 y-\cos (x+y)] \dfrac{d y}{d x}=\cos (x+y)-1} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\dfrac{d y}{d x}=\dfrac{\cos (x+y)-1}{2 y-\cos (x+y)}&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$                  &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    Given that $y=x \sin x$, find $\dfrac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}}$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt; &lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        y &amp;=x \sin x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x} &amp;=x \cos x+\sin x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}} &amp;=-x \sin x+\cos x+\cos x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=2 \cos x-x \sin x&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    Given that $y=\cos ^{2} x$, prove that $\dfrac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}}+4 y=2$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt; &lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        y &amp;=\cos ^{2} x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x} &amp;=2 \cos x \frac{d}{d x}(\cos x) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=-2 \sin x \cos x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=-\sin 2 x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}} &amp;=-\cos 2 x \frac{d}{d x}(2 x) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=-2 \cos 2 x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}}+4 y &amp;=-2 \cos 2 x+4 \cos ^{2} x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=-2\left(\cos ^{2} x-\sin ^{2} x\right)+4 \cos ^{2} x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=-2 \cos ^{2} x+2 \sin ^{2} x+4 \cos ^{2} x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=2\left(\sin ^{2} x+\cos ^{2} x\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=2&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    Given that $y=\dfrac{1}{3} \cos ^{3} x-\cos x$, prove that $\dfrac{d y}{d x}=\sin ^{3} x$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        y&amp;= \frac{1}{3} \cos ^{3} x-\cos x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x} &amp;=\cos ^{2} x \frac{d}{d x}(\cos x)-(-\sin x) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=-\sin x \cos ^{2} x+\sin x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=\sin x\left(1-\cos ^{2} x\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=\sin x\left(\sin ^{2} x\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=\sin ^{3} x&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    If $x \cos y=\sin x$, prove that $\dfrac{d y}{d x}=\dfrac{\cos y(\cos y-\cos x)}{\sin y \sin x}$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;x \cos y=\sin x\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text{Differentiate with respect to } x,\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;-x \sin y \frac{d y}{d x}+\cos y=\cos x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore \quad &amp; \frac{d y}{d x}=\frac{1}{x} \cdot \frac{\cos y-\cos x}{\sin y} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp; \text { Since } x \cos y=\sin x, \frac{1}{x}=\frac{\cos y}{\sin x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore \quad &amp; \frac{d y}{d x}=\frac{\cos y(\cos y-\cos x)}{\sin y \sin x}&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    Find the value $a$ and $b$ for which $\dfrac{d}{d x}\left(\dfrac{\sin x}{2+\cos x}\right)=\dfrac{a+b \cos x}{(2+\cos x)^{2}}$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d}{d x}\left(\frac{\sin x}{2+\cos x}\right)  &amp;= \frac{a+b \cos x}{(2+\cos x)^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        (2+\cos x) \frac{d}{d x}(\sin x)-\sin x \frac{d}{d x}(2+\cos x)  &amp;= \frac{a+b \cos x}{(2+\cos x)^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{(2+\cos x)(\cos x)^{2}-\sin x(-\cos x)}{(2+\cos x)^{2}}  &amp;= \frac{a+b \cos x}{(2+\cos x)^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{\sin ^{2} x+\cos ^{2} x+2 \cos x}{(2+\cos x)^{2}}  &amp;= \frac{a+b \cos x}{(2+\cos x)^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{1+2 \cos x}{(2+\cos x)^{2}}  &amp;= \frac{a+b \cos x}{(2+\cos x)^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore a= 1,\ \  b&amp;= 2&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    Find the equation of the tangent line to the curve $y=2 \sin x-3$ at $x=\dfrac{\pi}{6}$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;       &lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text {Curve }: y &amp;=2 \sin x-3\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text {When } x &amp;=\frac{\pi}{6}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y &amp;=2 \sin \frac{\pi}{6}-3 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=1-3 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=-2\left[\because \sin \frac{\pi}{6}=\frac{1}{2}\right]\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text { Let } \left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right) &amp;=\left(\frac{\pi}{6},-2\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x} &amp;=2 \cos x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        m &amp;=\left.\frac{d y}{d x}\right|_{\left(\frac{\pi}{6},-2\right)} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=2 \cos \frac{\pi}{6} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=2\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=\sqrt{3}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{Equation } &amp; \text{ of tangent at }  \left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right) \text { is}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-y_{1} &amp;=m\left(x-x_{1}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore \quad y-(-2) &amp;=\sqrt{3}\left(x-\frac{\pi}{6}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y &amp;=\sqrt{3}\left(x-\frac{\pi}{6}\right)-2&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    If $y=\sin 6 x+\cos ^{2} x$, find the value of $\dfrac{d y}{d x}$ when $x=\dfrac{\pi}{3}$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        y &amp;=\sin 6 x+\cos ^{2} x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x} &amp;=\cos 6 x \frac{d}{d x}(6 x)+2 \cos x \frac{d}{d x}(\cos x) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x} &amp;=6 \cos 6 x-2 \sin x \cos x=6 \cos 6 x-\sin 2 x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text { When } x &amp;=\frac{\pi}{3} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x} &amp;=6 \cos 6\left(\frac{\pi}{3}\right)-\sin 2\left(\frac{\pi}{3}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=6 \cos 2 \pi-\sin \frac{2 \pi}{3} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=6-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                              &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    Given that $y=\sin 3 x+\cos ^{3} x$, find the value of $\dfrac{d y}{d x}$ when $x=\dfrac{\pi}{4}$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt; &lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        y &amp;=\sin 3 x+\cos ^{3} x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x} &amp;=\cos 3 x \frac{d}{d x}(3 x)+3 \cos ^{2} x \frac{d}{d x}(\cos x) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x} &amp;=3 \cos 3 x-3 \sin x \cos ^{2} x=3\left(\cos 3 x-\sin x \cos ^{2} x\right)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{When } x&amp;=\frac{\pi}{4},\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x} &amp;=3\left(\cos \frac{3 \pi}{4}-\sin \frac{\pi}{4} \cos ^{2} \frac{\pi}{4}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=3\left(-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=-\frac{9 \sqrt{2}}{4}&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                       &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    Find the equation of tangent to the curve $y=\sin \left(\dfrac{x}{3}\right)$ at the point where $x=\pi$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;br /&gt;             &lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ Curve }: y&amp;=\sin \left(\frac{x}{3}\right)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ When } x&amp;=\pi,\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y &amp;=\sin \frac{\pi}{3} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text { Let }\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right) &amp;=\left(\pi, \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right) . \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x} &amp;=\frac{1}{3} \cos \left(\frac{x}{3}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        m &amp;=\frac{d y}{d x}\left(_{\pi, \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=\frac{1}{3} \cos \frac{\pi}{3} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=\frac{1}{6}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ Equation } &amp; \text{ of tangent at } \left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right) \text{ is}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-y_{1} &amp;=m\left(x-x_{1}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore y-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} &amp;=\frac{1}{6}(x-\pi) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        x-6 y &amp;=\pi-3 \sqrt{3}&lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    If $y=\sin ^{2} x$, prove that $4 y+y^{\prime \prime}=2$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt; &lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        y &amp;=\sin ^{2} x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y^{\prime} &amp;=2 \sin x \cos x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=\sin 2 x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y^{\prime \prime} &amp;=2 \cos 2 x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        4 y+y^{\prime \prime} &amp;=4 \sin ^{2} x+2 \cos 2 x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=4 \sin ^{2} x+2\left(\cos ^{2} x-\sin ^{2} x\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=2\left(\sin ^{2} x+\cos ^{2} x\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=2&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                         &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    If $y=3 \sin 2 x+2 \cos 2 x$, prove that $4 y+y^{\prime \prime}=0$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt; &lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        y &amp;=3 \sin 2 x+2 \cos 2 x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y^{\prime} &amp;=6 \cos 2 x-4 \sin 2 x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y^{\prime \prime} &amp;=-12 \sin 2 x-8 \cos 2 x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        4 y+y^{\prime \prime} &amp;=12 \sin 2 x+8 \cos 2 x-12 \sin 2 x-8 \cos 2 x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore \quad 4 y+y^{\prime \prime} &amp;=0 &lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                                   &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    If $y=\sin 3 x-2 \cos 3 x$, prove that $\dfrac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}}=-9 y$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;br /&gt;                 &lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        y &amp;=\sin 3 x-2 \cos 3 x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x} &amp;=3 \cos 3 x+6 \sin 3 x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}} &amp;=-9 \sin 3 x+18 \cos 3 x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=-9(\sin 3 x-2 \cos 3 x)&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    Given that $y=\sin ^{2} x$ for $0 \leqslant x \leqslant \pi$, find the exact values of the $x$-coordinates &lt;br /&gt;                    of the points on the curve where the gradient is $\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt; &lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/image/ex8_15.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text { Curve: } y &amp;=\sin ^{2} x, 0 \leq x \leq \pi \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x} &amp;=2 \sin x \frac{d}{d x}(\sin x) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=2 \sin x \cos x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=\sin 2 x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x} &amp;=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \sin 2 x &amp;=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore 2 x &amp;=\frac{\pi}{3} \text { or } 2 x=\frac{2 \pi}{3} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore x &amp;=\frac{\pi}{6} \text { or } x=\frac{\pi}{3}&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    Prove that the normal to the curve $y=x \sin x$ at the point $P\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}, \dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)$ &lt;br /&gt;                    intersects the $x$-axis at the point $(\pi, 0)$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt; &lt;b&gt;SOLUTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/image/ex8_16.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{Curve }: y&amp;=x \sin x\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x} &amp;=x \frac{d}{d x}(\sin x)+\sin x \frac{d}{d x}(x) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=x \cos x+\sin x\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ At the point } &amp; P\left(\frac{\pi}{2}, \frac{\pi}{2}\right)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x} &amp;=\frac{\pi}{2} \cos \frac{\pi}{2}+\sin \frac{\pi}{2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=\frac{\pi}{2}(0)+1 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=1\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore  \quad \text{ The gradient } &amp; \text{ of normal is }  -1.\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ Equation } &amp; \text{ of normal at } P \text{ is }\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-\frac{\pi}{2}&amp;=-1\left(x-\frac{\pi}{2}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y&amp;=\pi-x\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ When} y&amp;=0 ,\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \pi-x &amp;=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        x &amp;=\pi\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore  \quad  \text{ The normal at } P &amp; \text{ cuts x-axis at } (\pi, 0).&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                               &lt;/ol&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/feeds/6231859211347632290/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2023/11/calculus-exercise-8-derivative-of.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/6231859211347632290'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/6231859211347632290'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2023/11/calculus-exercise-8-derivative-of.html' title='Calculus Exercise (8) : Derivative of Trigonometric Functions'/><author><name>anak medan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16672862772445386879</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgOQ8gaMjElM0lR6oykKQ_9evx2Age9ykZ7QCr3viWvwMFYOX39zP8QDSOpiSzJr2GfmAcFQj4s6GCXJgSZ7ww7NfNtat-auzbMKT4VtN9ObSEhLzCokfHg_cEN2DPLwY6ctw1H-HFF-JubX010kuUAAKQgfj0dVnHQJkLRUUFnQ8fHe_nudK0cIVvSwg=s72-c" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1686458996561451855.post-6348153335645022178</id><published>2023-11-14T01:32:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2023-11-14T23:08:21.287+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="calculus"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="chain rule"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="cie"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="devaritive"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="differentiation"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="edexcel"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="grade-11 math"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="igcse"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="normal line"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="product rule"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="quotient rule"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="tangent line"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="tangent to acurve"/><title type='text'>Calculus Exercise (5) : Change Rule, Product Rule and Quotient Rule</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhLnGchnxflBdW4GaSj0kCKqG4rLeaCSzEvj61AQSkJ3J544YHxTnws74m0jMlNRqVwSJVpm4jh4Lpq_x5GXRfPi57rmYGM9YqXS6IahdNQWhkxMlc3Z3JMZCR8964u414kAQwCAfm33WVDlq2vjN_lTFPyBcZmzkirh147d8Jj0Mpsx4ipYBkGeqh69g=s1159&quot; style=&quot;display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; &quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;760&quot; data-original-height=&quot;836&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1159&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhLnGchnxflBdW4GaSj0kCKqG4rLeaCSzEvj61AQSkJ3J544YHxTnws74m0jMlNRqVwSJVpm4jh4Lpq_x5GXRfPi57rmYGM9YqXS6IahdNQWhkxMlc3Z3JMZCR8964u414kAQwCAfm33WVDlq2vjN_lTFPyBcZmzkirh147d8Jj0Mpsx4ipYBkGeqh69g=s600&quot;/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;style&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;   .display {&lt;br /&gt;         display: block;&lt;br /&gt;         margin-left: auto;&lt;br /&gt;         margin-right: auto;&lt;br /&gt;         width: 70%;&lt;br /&gt;        }&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/style&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;ol&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    Differentiate the following with respect to $x$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    (a) $\left(2 x^{2}+3 x\right)^{10}\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    (b) $\dfrac{1}{3-2 x}\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    (c) $\sqrt{9-x^{2}}\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    (d) $\left(x^{2}+\dfrac{3}{x}\right)^{5}\\\\ $&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;br /&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;solution&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(a) }\quad &amp; \frac{d}{d x}\left(2 x^{2}+3 x\right)^{10}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp; \ 10\left(2 x^{2}+3 x\right)^{9} \frac{d}{d x}\left(2 x^{2}+3 x\right)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp; \ 10(4 x+3)\left(2 x^{2}+3 x\right)^{9}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(b) } \quad &amp; \frac{d}{d x}\left(\frac{1}{3-2 x}\right)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp; \frac{d}{d x}(3-2 x)^{-1}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp; -1(3-2 x)^{-2} \frac{d}{d x}(3-2 x)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp; \frac{2}{(3-2 x)^{2}}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(c) } \quad &amp; \frac{d}{d x} \sqrt{9-x^{2}}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp; \frac{1}{2 \sqrt{9-x^{2}}} \frac{d}{d x}\left(9-x^{2}\right)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp; -\frac{x}{\sqrt{9-x^{2}}}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(d) } \quad &amp; \frac{d}{d x}\left(x^{2}+\frac{3}{x}\right)^{5}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp; 5\left(x^{2}+\frac{3}{x}\right)^{4} \frac{d}{d x}\left(x^{2}+\frac{3}{x}\right)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp; 5\left(x^{2}+\frac{3}{x}\right)^{4}\left(2 x-\frac{3}{x^{2}}\right)&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   Differentiate $\sqrt{x+7}\left(x^{2}+2\right)^{7}$ with respect to $x$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;b&gt;solution&lt;/b&gt;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\frac{d}{d x}\left[\sqrt{x+7}\left(x^{2}+2\right)^{7}\right] \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp;\ \sqrt{x+7} \frac{d}{d x}\left(x^{2}+2\right)^{7}+\left(x^{2}+2\right)^{7} \frac{d}{d x} \sqrt{x+7} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp;\ 7\left(x^{2}+2\right)^{6} \sqrt{x+7} \frac{d}{d x}\left(x^{2}+2\right)+\frac{\left(x^{2}+2\right)^{7}}{2 \sqrt{x+7}} \frac{d}{d x}(x+7) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        =&amp;\ 14 x\left(x^{2}+2\right)^{6} \sqrt{x+7}+\frac{\left(x^{2}+2\right)^{7}}{2 \sqrt{x+7}}&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;       &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        Differentiate $\dfrac{x^{2}}{\sqrt{x+1}}$ with respect to $x$.&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;solution&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                            $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                            &amp; \frac{d}{d x}\left[\frac{x^{2}}{\sqrt{x+1}}\right] \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            =&amp;\ \frac{\sqrt{x+1} \frac{d}{d x}\left(x^{2}\right)-x^{2} \frac{d}{d x} \sqrt{x+1}}{x+1} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            =&amp;\ \frac{2 x \sqrt{x+1}-\frac{x^{2}}{\sqrt{x+1}}}{x+1} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            =&amp;\ \frac{2 x^{2}+2 x-x^{2}}{(x+1) \sqrt{x+1}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            =&amp;\ \frac{x^{2}+2 x}{(x+1)^{\frac{3}{2}}}&lt;br /&gt;                            \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        Differentiate the following with respect to $x.\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        (a) $\left(2 x^{2}+3\right)^{4}\left(x^{2}-3 x\right)^{5}\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        (b) $\left(3+x^{2}\right) \sqrt{3-x^{2}}\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        (c) $\dfrac{\sqrt{x+3}}{x+1}\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        (d) $\dfrac{3 x-5}{2 x^{2}+7}\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        (e) $\dfrac{2 x-7}{\sqrt{x+7}}\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        (f) $\sqrt{\dfrac{x^{2}+1}{x^{2}-1}}\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;b&gt;solution&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;                            $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                            \text { (a) }\quad &amp;\dfrac{d}{d x}\left[\left(2 x^{2}+3\right)^{4}\left(x^{2}-3 x\right)^{5}\right] \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            =&amp;\  \left(2 x^{2}+3\right)^{4} \dfrac{d}{d x}\left(x^{2}-3 x\right)^{5}+\left(x^{2}-3 x\right)^{5} \dfrac{d}{d x}\left(2 x^{2}+3\right)^{4} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            =&amp;\  5\left(x^{2}-3 x\right)^{4}\left(2 x^{2}+3\right)^{4} \dfrac{d}{d x}\left(x^{2}-3 x\right)+4\left(2 x^{2}+3\right)^{3}\left(x^{2}-3 x\right)^{5} \dfrac{d}{d x}\left(2 x^{2}+3\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            =&amp;\  3\left(2 x^{2}+3\right)^{3}\left(x^{2}-3 x\right)^{4}\left(12 x^{3}-26 x^{2}+10 x-15\right)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            \text { (b) }\quad &amp;\dfrac{d}{d x}\left[\left(3+x^{2}\right) \sqrt{3-x^{2}}\right] \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            =&amp;\  \left(3+x^{2}\right) \dfrac{d}{d x} \sqrt{3-x^{2}}+\sqrt{3-x^{2}} \dfrac{d}{d x}\left(3+x^{2}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            =&amp;\  \dfrac{\left(3+x^{2}\right)}{2 \sqrt{3-x^{2}}} \dfrac{d}{d x}\left(3-x^{2}\right)+2 x \sqrt{3-x^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            =&amp;\  -\dfrac{x\left(3+x^{2}\right)}{\sqrt{3-x^{2}}}+2 x \sqrt{3-x^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            =&amp;\  \dfrac{3 x\left(1-x^{2}\right)}{\sqrt{3-x^{2}}}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            \text { (c) }\quad &amp;\dfrac{d}{d x}\left[\dfrac{\sqrt{x+3}}{x+1}\right]\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            =&amp;\  \dfrac{(x+1) \dfrac{d}{d x} \sqrt{x+3}-\sqrt{x+3} \dfrac{d}{d x}(x+1)}{(x+1)^{2}}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            =&amp;\ \dfrac{\dfrac{x+1}{2 \sqrt{x+3}}-\sqrt{x+3}}{(x+1)^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            =&amp;\ -\dfrac{x+5}{2(x+1)^{2} \sqrt{x+3}}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            \text { (d) } \quad &amp;\dfrac{d}{d x}\left[\dfrac{3 x-5}{2 x^{2}+7}\right]\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            =&amp;\  \dfrac{\left(2 x^{2}+7\right) \dfrac{d}{d x}(3 x-5)-(3 x-5) \dfrac{d}{d x}\left(2 x^{2}+7\right)}{\left(2 x^{2}+7\right)^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            =&amp;\  \dfrac{3\left(2 x^{2}+7\right)-4 x(3 x-5)}{\left(2 x^{2}+7\right)^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            =&amp;\  \dfrac{21+20 x-6 x^{2}}{\left(2 x^{2}+7\right)^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            \text { (e) } \quad &amp; \dfrac{d}{d x}\left[\dfrac{2 x-7}{\sqrt{x+7}}\right]\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            =&amp;\  \dfrac{\sqrt{x+7} \dfrac{d}{d x}(2 x-7)-(2 x-7) \dfrac{d}{d x} \sqrt{x+7}}{x+7} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            =&amp;\  \dfrac{2 \sqrt{x+7}-\dfrac{2 x-7}{\sqrt{x+7}}}{x+7} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            =&amp;\  \dfrac{21}{(x+7)^{\dfrac{3}{2}}}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            \text { (e) } \quad &amp; \dfrac{d}{d x}\left[\sqrt{\dfrac{x^{2}+1}{x^{2}-1}}\right]\\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                            =&amp;\  \dfrac{d}{d x}\left[\dfrac{\sqrt{x^{2}+1}}{\sqrt{x^{2}-1}}\right] \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            =&amp;\  \dfrac{\sqrt{x^{2}-1} \cdot \dfrac{d}{d x} \sqrt{x^{2}+1}-\sqrt{x^{2}+1} \cdot \dfrac{d}{d x} \sqrt{x^{2}-1}}{x^{2}-1} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            =&amp;\  \dfrac{\dfrac{\sqrt{x^{2}-1}}{2 \sqrt{x^{2}+1}} \cdot \dfrac{d}{d x}\left(x^{2}+1\right)-\dfrac{\sqrt{x^{2}+1}}{2 \sqrt{x^{2}-1}} \cdot \dfrac{d}{d x}\left(x^{2}-1\right)}{x^{2}-1}=\dfrac{2 x}{\left(1-x^{2}\right) \sqrt{x^{4}-1}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            =&amp;\  \dfrac{\dfrac{x \sqrt{x^{2}-1}}{\sqrt{x^{2}+1}}-\dfrac{x \sqrt{x^{2}+1}}{\sqrt{x^{2}-1}}}{x^{2}-1}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            =&amp;\  \dfrac{-2 x}{\left(x^{2}-1\right) \sqrt{x^{4}-1}}=\dfrac{2 x}{\left(1-x^{2}\right)}&lt;br /&gt;                            \end{aligned}$                         &lt;br /&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            Calculate the gradient of the curve $y=\dfrac{3 x^{2}-8}{5-2 x}$ at the point $(2,4)$.&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;b&gt;solution&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                                \text { Curve: } y &amp;=\frac{3 x^{2}-8}{5-2 x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                                \frac{d y}{d x} &amp;=\frac{(5-2 x)(6 x)-\left(3 x^{2}-8\right)(-2)}{(5-2 x)^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                                \left.\frac{d y}{d x}\right|_{(2,4)} &amp;=\frac{(5-4)(12)+2(12-8)}{(5-4)^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                                &amp;=20\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                                \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                &lt;br /&gt;                                $\therefore$ The gradient of the curve $y=\dfrac{3 x^{2}-8}{5-2 x}$ at the point $(2,4)$ is 20 .&lt;br /&gt;         &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            Calculate the gradient of the curve $y=x \sqrt{x+3}$. &lt;br /&gt;                            Find the coordinate of the point at which the gradient is zero.&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                           &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;b&gt;solution&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                                Curve: $y=x \sqrt{x+3}$&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                                &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                                &amp;\frac{d y}{d x}=\frac{x}{2 \sqrt{x+3}}+\sqrt{x+3}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                                \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                &lt;br /&gt;                                When the gradient of the curve is zero,&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                &lt;br /&gt;                                $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                                &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                                &amp;\frac{x}{2 \sqrt{x+3}}+\sqrt{x+3}=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                                &amp;\therefore 2(x+3)=-x \Rightarrow x=-2 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                                &amp;\therefore \text { When } x=-2, y=-2 \sqrt{-2+3}=-2\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                                \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                &lt;br /&gt;                                &lt;br /&gt;                                The coordinate of the point at which the gradient of the curve is zero is $(-2,-2)$.&lt;br /&gt;         &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                Find the equation of the normal to the curve $y=\dfrac{x^{2}+1}{x-1}$ at the point &lt;br /&gt;                                on the curve where $x=2$.&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;b&gt;solution&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                                    $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                                    \text { Curve: } y &amp;=\frac{x^{2}+1}{x-1} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                                    \text { When } x &amp;=2, y=5 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                                    \text { Let }\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right) &amp;=(2,5) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                                    \frac{d y}{d x} &amp;=\frac{2 x(x-1)-\left(x^{2}+1\right)}{(x-1)^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                                    &amp;=\frac{x^{2}-2 x-1}{(x-1)^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                                    \therefore m &amp;=\frac{d y}{d x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                                    &amp;=-1&lt;br /&gt;                                    \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;br /&gt;                                    The equation of normal at $\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)$ is&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;br /&gt;                                    $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                                    y-y_{1} &amp;=-\frac{1}{m}\left(x-x_{1}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                                    y-5 &amp;=1(x-2) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                                    y &amp;=x+3&lt;br /&gt;                                    \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                Find the equation of the normal to the curve $y=\dfrac{4 x+1}{x-1}$ at the point &lt;br /&gt;                                on the curve where $y=5$.&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;b&gt;solution&lt;/b&gt;          &lt;br /&gt;                                    $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                                    \text { Curve: } y &amp;=\frac{4 x+1}{x-1} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                                    \text { When } y &amp;=5, \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                                    \frac{4 x+1}{x-1} &amp;=5 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                                    \therefore x &amp;=6 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                                    \text { Let }\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right) &amp;=(6,5) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                                    \frac{d y}{d x} &amp;=\frac{4(x-1)-(4 x+1)}{(x-1)^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                                    &amp;=\frac{-5}{(x-1)^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                                    \left.\frac{d y}{d x}\right|_{(6,5)} &amp;=-\frac{1}{5}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                                    \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;br /&gt;                                    The equation of normal at $\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)$ is&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;br /&gt;                                    $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                                    &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                                    y-y_{1} &amp;=-\frac{1}{m}\left(x-x_{1}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                                    y-5 &amp;=5(x-6) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                                    5 x-y &amp;=25&lt;br /&gt;                                    \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                                       &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   If $f(x)=\dfrac{k+x}{1-2 x}$ where $k$ is a constant, find $f^{\prime}(x)$ in terms of &lt;br /&gt;                    $x$ and $k$. Given that $f^{\prime}(3)=0.52$, show that $k=6$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;solution&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        f(x) &amp;=\frac{k+x}{1-2 x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        f^{\prime}(x) &amp;=\frac{(1-2 x) \frac{d}{d x}(k+x)-(k+x) \frac{d}{d x}(1-2 x)}{(1-2 x)^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=\frac{(1-2 x)-(k+x)(-2)}{(1-2 x)^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ f^{\prime}(x) &amp;=\frac{1+2 k}{(1-2 x)^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text { Since } f^{\prime}(3) &amp;=0.52, \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{1+2 k}{(1-6)^{2}} &amp;=0.52 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{1+2 k}{25} &amp;=0.52 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        1+2 k &amp;=13 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ k &amp;=6&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;         &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                     Find the equation of the normal to the curve $y=6-(x-2)^{4}$ at the point on the curve &lt;br /&gt;                     where $x=1$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;b&gt;solution&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ Curve }: y&amp;=6-(x-2)^{4}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ When } x&amp;=1, y=5\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ Let } \left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)&amp;=(1,5)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x} &amp;=-4(x-2)^{3} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ m &amp;=\left.\frac{d y}{d x}\right|_{(1,5)} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=4\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        The equation of normal at $\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)$ is&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-y_{1} &amp;=-\frac{1}{m}\left(x-x_{1}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-5 &amp;=-\frac{1}{4}(x-1) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        x+4 y &amp;=21&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        The tangent to the curve $y=\left(\dfrac{x}{2}-1\right)^{6}$, at the point &lt;br /&gt;                        where $x=4$, meets the $y$-axis at $A$. Find the coordinates of $A$.&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;solution&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                            $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                            \text { Curve: } y &amp;= \left(\frac{x}{2}-1\right)^{6} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            \text { When } x &amp;= 4 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                             y  &amp;= \left(\frac{4}{2}-1\right)^{6} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                             &amp;= 1 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            \text { Let }\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right) &amp;= (4,1) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            \frac{d y}{d x} &amp;= 6\left(\frac{x}{2}-1\right)^{5} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                             &amp;= 3\left(\frac{x}{2}-1\right)^{5} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            m &amp;= \left.\frac{d y}{d x}\right|_{(4,1)} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                             &amp;= 3\left(\frac{4}{2}-1\right)^{5} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                             &amp;= 3\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;br /&gt;                            $\therefore$ The equation of tangent at $\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)$ is&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;br /&gt;                            $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                            &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                            y-y_{1} &amp;=m\left(x-x_{1}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            y-1 &amp;=3(x-4) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            y &amp;=3 x-11\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;br /&gt;                            When this tangent meets $y$-axis, $x=0$ that implies $y=-11\\\\ $.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;br /&gt;                            $\therefore$ The point $A$ is $(0,-11)$.                    &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Show that the tangent to the curve $y=(x+2 a)^{3}$ at the point where $y=a^{3}$ &lt;br /&gt;                        is $y=3 a^{2} x+4 a^{3} .$ &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;solution&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                             $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text { Curve : } y &amp;=(x+2 a)^{3} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text { When } y &amp;=a^{3}, \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        (x+2 a)^{3} &amp;=a^{3} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        x+2 a &amp;=a \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        x &amp;=-a\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\therefore\left(-a, a^{3}\right)$ is the point on the curve &lt;br /&gt;                        where the tangent exists.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x} &amp;=\frac{d}{d x}(x+2 a)^{3} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=3(x+2 a)^{2} \frac{d}{d x}(x+2 a) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=3(x+2 a)^{2}(1) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=3(x+2 a)^{2}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        The gradient of the tangent at $\left(-a, a^{3}\right)$ on the curve is&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        m &amp;=\left.\frac{d y}{d x}\right|_{\left(-a, a^{3}\right)} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=3(-a+2 a)^{2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=3 a^{2}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\therefore$ The equation of tangent at $\left(-a, a^{3}\right)$ is&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-a^{3} &amp;=m(x-(-a)) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-a^{3} &amp;=3 a^{2}(x-(-a)) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y &amp;=3 a^{2} x+4 a^{3}&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$                    &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                           &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    Find equations of the tangent lines to the curve $y=\dfrac{x+1}{x-1}$ that are &lt;br /&gt;                    parallel to the line $2 y+x=6$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                 &lt;b&gt;solution&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned} &lt;br /&gt;                        \text{Curve }: y&amp;= \frac{x+1}{x-1}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x}&amp;= \frac{(x-1)-(x+1)}{(x-1)^{2}}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;= -\frac{2}{(x-1)^{2}}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{Line }: 2 y+x&amp;= 6 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y&amp;= -\frac{1}{2} x+3\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Since the tangents are parallel to the given line, &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        -\frac{2}{(x-1)^{2}}&amp;= -\frac{1}{2}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        (x-1)^{2}&amp;= 4\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        x-1&amp;= \pm 2 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        x&amp;= -1 or x= 3 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ When } x&amp;= -1, y= 0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ When } x&amp;= 3, y= 2\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Let $\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)= (-1,0)$ and $\left(x_{2}, y_{2}\right)= (3,2)\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\therefore$ The equation of tangent at $\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)$ is&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-y_{1}&amp;= m\left(x-x_{1}\right)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-0&amp;= -\frac{1}{2}(x+1) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        x+2 y&amp;= -1&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\therefore$ The equation of tangent at $\left(x_{2}, y_{2}\right)$ is&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-y_{1}&amp;= m\left(x-x_{1}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-2&amp;= -\frac{1}{2}(x-3) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        x+2 y&amp;= 7&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$            &lt;br /&gt;                               &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    The equation of a curve is $y=\dfrac{x^{2}+6}{x-3}$. &lt;br /&gt;                    Find the gradient of tangent to the curve at the point $x=4$. &lt;br /&gt;                    Hence, find the equation of the normal to the curve at $x=4$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;b&gt;solution&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        y &amp;=\frac{x^{2}+6}{x-3} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x} &amp;=\frac{(x-3)(2 x)-\left(x^{2}+6\right)(1)}{(x-3)^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=\frac{2 x^{2}-6 x-x^{2}-6}{(x-3)^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=\frac{x^{2}-6 x-6}{(x-3)^{2}}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ When } x&amp;=4,\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x} &amp;=\frac{4^{2}-6(4)-6}{(4-3)^{2}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=-14\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ \text{ Gradient of tomegent } &amp;=-14\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ \text{ Gradient of normal } &amp;=\frac{1}{14}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ When } x&amp;=4,\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y&amp;=\frac{4^{2}+6}{4-3}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=22&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                 &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    A water trough of length $12 \mathrm{~m}$ has a vertical cross-section in the shape of an &lt;br /&gt;                    equilateral triangle of sides $x \mathrm{~m}$ and height $h \mathrm{~m}$. Express $V$, the &lt;br /&gt;                    volume of water that the trough can hold in terms of $h$. When the height of water in the &lt;br /&gt;                    trough is $1.8 \mathrm{~m}$, its depth is decreasing at a rate of $0.2 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$. &lt;br /&gt;                    Find the rate of change in the volume of water in the trough at this instant.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/image/ex5_15.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      &lt;b&gt;solution&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;                            $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                            h &amp;=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2} x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            x &amp;=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}} h \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            \text { area of cross-section } &amp;=\dfrac{1}{2} x h \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            &amp;=\dfrac{1}{2} \cdot \dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}} h \cdot h \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            &amp;=\dfrac{h^{2}}{\sqrt{3}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            \text { volume of trough } &amp;=V \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            \therefore V &amp;=\dfrac{12 h^{2}}{\sqrt{3}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            &amp;=\dfrac{4 \sqrt{3}}{3} h^{2} \mathrm{~m}^{3} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            \text { When } h &amp;=1.8 \mathrm{~m}, \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            \dfrac{d h}{d t} &amp;=0.2 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            \text { Since } V &amp;=\dfrac{4 \sqrt{3}}{3} h^{2}, \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            \dfrac{d V}{d h} &amp;=\dfrac{2 \sqrt{3}}{3} h \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            \text { When } h &amp;=1.8 \mathrm{~m} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            \dfrac{d V}{d h} &amp;=\dfrac{2 \sqrt{3}}{3}(1.8) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            &amp;=2.08 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            \dfrac{d V}{d t} &amp;=\dfrac{d V}{d h} \cdot \dfrac{d h}{d t} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            &amp;=2.08 \times 0.2 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            &amp;=0.416 \mathrm{~m}^{3} / \mathrm{s}&lt;br /&gt;                            \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;                               &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        The figure shows part of the curve $y=2 x^{2}+3$. The point $B(x, y)$ is a variable point &lt;br /&gt;                        that moves along the curve for $0 &amp;lt; x &amp;lt;6$. $C$ is a point on the $x$-axis such that $B C$ is &lt;br /&gt;                        parallel to the $y$-axis and $A(6,0)$ lies on the $x$-axis. Express the area of the triangle &lt;br /&gt;                        $A B C, S \mathrm{~cm}^{2}$, in terms of $x$, and find an expression for &lt;br /&gt;                        $\dfrac{dS}{dx} .$ Given that when $x=2$, $S$ is &lt;br /&gt;                        increasing at the rate of $0.8 \mathrm{~unit}^{2} / \mathrm{s}$, find the corresponding &lt;br /&gt;                        rate of change of $x$ at this instant.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/image/ex5_16.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                       &lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;b&gt;solution&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br /&gt;                            $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                            \text { Curve: } y &amp;=2 x^{2}+3 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            \therefore \frac{d y}{d x} &amp;=4 x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            \text { Area of } \triangle A B C &amp;=\frac{1}{2} A C \cdot B C \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            S &amp;=\frac{1}{2}(6-x)(y) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            S &amp;=\frac{1}{2}(6-x)\left(2 x^{2}+3\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            &amp;=\frac{1}{2}\left(-2 x^{3}+6 x^{2}-3 x+18\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            \frac{d S}{d x} &amp;=\frac{1}{2}\left(-6 x^{2}+12 x-3\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            &amp;=-\frac{3}{2}\left(2 x^{2}-6 x+1\right)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            \text { When } x&amp;=2,\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            \frac{d S}{d x} &amp;=-\frac{3}{2}(8-12+1) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            &amp;=\frac{9}{2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            \frac{d S}{d t} &amp;=0.08 \text { unit  / s}\quad \text { (given) } \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            \frac{d S}{d t} &amp;=\frac{d S}{d x} \cdot \frac{d x}{d t} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            0.08 &amp;=\frac{9}{2} \cdot \frac{d x}{d t} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            \frac{d x}{d t} &amp;=\frac{0.16}{9} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            &amp;=0.018 \text { unit/s }&lt;br /&gt;                            \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                             &lt;/ol&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/feeds/6348153335645022178/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2023/11/calculus-exercise-5-change-rule-product.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/6348153335645022178'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/6348153335645022178'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2023/11/calculus-exercise-5-change-rule-product.html' title='Calculus Exercise (5) : Change Rule, Product Rule and Quotient Rule'/><author><name>anak medan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16672862772445386879</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhLnGchnxflBdW4GaSj0kCKqG4rLeaCSzEvj61AQSkJ3J544YHxTnws74m0jMlNRqVwSJVpm4jh4Lpq_x5GXRfPi57rmYGM9YqXS6IahdNQWhkxMlc3Z3JMZCR8964u414kAQwCAfm33WVDlq2vjN_lTFPyBcZmzkirh147d8Jj0Mpsx4ipYBkGeqh69g=s72-c" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1686458996561451855.post-5813127657286051658</id><published>2023-11-14T01:25:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2023-11-14T23:08:21.608+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="calculus"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="cie"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="devaritive"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="differentiation"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="edexcel"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="grade-11 math"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="igcse"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="normal line"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="tangent line"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="tangent to acurve"/><title type='text'>Calculus Exercise (4) : Tangent Line and Normal Line to a Curve</title><content type='html'>&lt;div id=&quot;google_translate_element&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;script type=&quot;text/javascript&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;function googleTranslateElementInit() {&lt;br /&gt;  new google.translate.TranslateElement({pageLanguage: &#39;en&#39;}, &#39;google_translate_element&#39;);&lt;br /&gt;}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;script type=&quot;text/javascript&quot; src=&quot;//translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=googleTranslateElementInit&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjL5mz6SZVvDF0ZgSRS4jPOWYzKBVbn6tHYmLccOoFqpsJwlU_1IEGd-nBXz8noUZiJspgHul7FymMbajesZRvgHYiLw2vTpPdhTm6OFd6fnAvngfNmk5kf0ZYBgtN06cZ5P14PvKwZpBVLNWiGRJLJkQicSCX6VG1YxosVtg4jlO0WPZkmFZy0z_TWcA=s1098&quot; style=&quot;display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; &quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;760&quot; data-original-height=&quot;650&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1098&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjL5mz6SZVvDF0ZgSRS4jPOWYzKBVbn6tHYmLccOoFqpsJwlU_1IEGd-nBXz8noUZiJspgHul7FymMbajesZRvgHYiLw2vTpPdhTm6OFd6fnAvngfNmk5kf0ZYBgtN06cZ5P14PvKwZpBVLNWiGRJLJkQicSCX6VG1YxosVtg4jlO0WPZkmFZy0z_TWcA=s600&quot;/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;style&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;   .display {&lt;br /&gt;         display: block;&lt;br /&gt;         margin-left: auto;&lt;br /&gt;         margin-right: auto;&lt;br /&gt;         width: 70%;&lt;br /&gt;        }&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/style&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    Find the gradient of the curve $y=3 x^{2}-4 x+3$ at the point where $x=2$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;solution&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        y&amp;=3 x^{2}-4 x+3 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x}&amp;=6 x-4 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \left.\frac{d y}{d x}\right|_{x=2}&amp;=6(2)-4\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=8\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Hence, the gradient of the curve at $x=2$ is 8 .&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        Given that the gradient of the curve $y=x^{2}+a x+b$ at the point $(2,-1)$ is $1$. &lt;br /&gt;                        Find the values of $a$ and $b$.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;b&gt;solution&lt;/b&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;br /&gt;                             $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                             y&amp;=x^{2}+a x+b \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                             \text { At }(2,-1),-1&amp;=(2)^{2}+a(2)+b \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                             2 a+b&amp;=-5 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                             b&amp;=-5-2 a \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                             \frac{d y}{d x}&amp;=2 x+a\\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                             \left.\frac{d y}{d x}\right|_{(2,-1)}&amp;=4+a\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                             \left.\frac{d y}{d x}\right|_{(2,-1)}&amp;=1\quad \text { (given) } \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                             \therefore\ 4+a&amp;=1\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                             a&amp;=-3 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                             \therefore\ b&amp;=-5-2(-3)\\\\&amp;=1&lt;br /&gt;                             \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;     &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    Find an equation of the tangent line and normal line to the graph of the function &lt;br /&gt;                    at the given point.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                       &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{array}{lll}&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;br /&gt;                    {}  		&amp;  \textbf{Function}		    &amp;  \textbf{Point}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text{(a)}	&amp;  y=-2 x^{4}+5 x^{2}-3		    &amp;  (1,0)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text{(b)}	&amp;  y=x^{3}-3 x			        &amp;  (2,2)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text{(c)}	&amp;  y=(x-2)\left(x^{2}+3 x\right)&amp;  (1,-4)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                    \text{(d)}	&amp;  y=\dfrac{2}{x^{\frac{3}{4}}}	&amp;  (1,2)\\&lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;br /&gt;                    \end{array}$&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;br /&gt;               &lt;b&gt;solution&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/image/ex4_3a.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(a)} \quad \text{ Curve}: y&amp;=-2 x^{4}+5 x^{2}-3\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{Let} \left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)&amp;=(1,0)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x}&amp;=-8 x^{3}+10 x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ m&amp;=\left.\frac{d y}{d x}\right|_{(1,0)}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=-8+10\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=2\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        The equation of tangent at $\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)$ is $y-y_{1}=m\left(x-x_{1}\right)$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ y-0&amp;=2(x-1) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ 2 x-y&amp;=2\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        The equation of normal at $\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)$ is&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-y_{1}&amp;=-\frac{1}{m}\left(x-x_{1}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ y-0&amp;=-\frac{1}{2}(x-1) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ x+2 y&amp;=1&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/image/ex4_3b.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{(b)} \quad \text{Curve}: y&amp;=x^{3}-3 x\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{Let} \left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)&amp;=(2,2)&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x}&amp;=3 x^{2}-3 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ m&amp;=\left.\frac{d y}{d x}\right|_{(2,2)}&amp;=12-3\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=9\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        The equation of tangent at $\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)$ is&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-y_{1}&amp;=m\left(x-x_{1}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ y-2&amp;=9(x-2) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ 9 x-y&amp;=16\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        The equation of normal at $\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)$ is&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-y_{1}&amp;=-\frac{1}{m}\left(x-x_{1}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ y-2&amp;=-\frac{1}{9}(x-2) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ x+9 y&amp;=20&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/image/ex4_3c.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text {(c)}\quad \text { Curve: } y&amp;=(x-2)\left(x^{2}+3 x\right)&amp;=x^{3}+x^{2}-6 x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text { Let }\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)&amp;=(1,-4) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x}&amp;=3 x^{2}+2 x-6 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ m&amp;=\left.\frac{d y}{d x}\right|_{(1,-4)}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=3+2-6\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=-1 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                         The equation of tangent at \left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right) is &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-y_{1}&amp;=m\left(x-x_{1}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ y+4&amp;=(-1)(x-1) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ x+y&amp;=-3 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        The equation of normal at \left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right) is &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-y_{1}&amp;=-\frac{1}{m}\left(x-x_{1}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ y+4&amp;=1(x-1) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ x-y&amp;=5&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/image/ex4_3d.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text {(d)}\quad \text { Curve: } y&amp;=\frac{2}{x^{\frac{3}{4}}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text { Let } \left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)&amp;=(1,2) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x}&amp;=-\frac{3}{2 x^{\frac{7}{4}}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ m&amp;=\left.\frac{d y}{d x}\right|_{(1,2)}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=-\frac{3}{2}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        The equation of tangent at $\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)$ is&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-y_{1}&amp;=m\left(x-x_{1}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ y-2&amp;=\left(-\frac{3}{2}\right)(x-1) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ 3 x+2 y&amp;=7&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        The equation of normal at $\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)$ is&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-y_{1}&amp;=-\frac{1}{m}\left(x-x_{1}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ y-2&amp;=\frac{2}{3}(x-1) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ 2 x-3 y&amp;=-4&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                       &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    Find the equations of the tangent and normal lines to the curve $y=3 x^{2}-3 x+2$ at the point where $x=3$.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;br /&gt;                 &lt;b&gt;solution&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/image/ex4_3e.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text { Curve: } y=3 x^{2}-3 x+2 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                       \text { When } x=3, y=3(3)^{2}-3(3)+2=20 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                       \text{Let}\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)=(3,20) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                       \frac{d y}{d x}=6 x-3=3(2 x-1)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                       \therefore\ m=\left.\frac{d y}{d x}\right|_{(3,20)}=3(6-1)=15\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                       \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                       &lt;br /&gt;                       The equation of tangent at $\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)$ is&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                       &lt;br /&gt;                       $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                       &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                       y-y_{1}=m\left(x-x_{1}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                       \therefore\ y-20=15(x-3) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                       \therefore\ 15 x-y=25\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                       \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                       &lt;br /&gt;                       The equation of normal at $\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)$ is&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                       &lt;br /&gt;                       $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                       &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                       y-y_{1}=-\frac{1}{m}\left(x-x_{1}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                       \therefore\ y-20=-\frac{1}{15}(x-3) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                       \therefore\ x+15 y=303&lt;br /&gt;                       \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;           &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                Find the equation of the tangent to the curve $y=x^{2}+5 x-2$ at the point on the curve where &lt;br /&gt;                this curve cuts the line $x=4$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;b&gt;solution&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/image/ex4_5.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text { Curve: } y  &amp;=x^{2}+5 x-2 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                       \text { When } x  &amp;=4, \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                       y  &amp;=(4)^{2}+5(4)-2\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                         &amp;=34 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                       \text{Let} \left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)  &amp;=(4,34) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                       \frac{d y}{d x}  &amp;=2 x+5\\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                       \therefore m  &amp;=\left.\frac{d y}{d x}\right|_{(4,34)}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                         &amp;=2(4)+5\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                         &amp;=13\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                       \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                       &lt;br /&gt;                       The equation of tangent at $\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)$ is&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                       &lt;br /&gt;                       $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                       &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                       y-y_{1}  &amp;=m\left(x-x_{1}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                       \therefore\ y-34  &amp;=13(x-4) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                       \therefore\ 13 x-y  &amp;=18&lt;br /&gt;                       \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                       &lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                Find the equations of the tangent and normal lines to the curve $y=x^{2}-5 x+6$ at the points &lt;br /&gt;                where this curve cuts the $x$-axis.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                 &lt;b&gt;solution&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/image/ex4_6.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        Curve: $y=x^{2}-5 x+6\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        When this curve cuts the $x$-axis, $y=0$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore x^{2}-5 x+6  &amp;=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        (x-2)(x-3)  &amp;=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                         x  &amp;=2 \text { or } x  &amp;=3\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Therefore, the curve cuts the $x$-axis at $(2,0)$ and $(3,0)\\\\ $.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Let $\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right) =(2,0)$ and $\left(x_{2}, y_{2}\right)=(3,0) $.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ \frac{d y}{d x}  &amp;=2 x-5\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Let the gradient of the curve at $(2,0)$ and $(3,0)$ be $m_{1}$ and $m_{2}$ respectively.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore m_{1}  &amp;=\left.\frac{d y}{d x}\right|_{(2,0)}  &amp;=2(2)-5  &amp;=-1 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore m_{2}  &amp;=\left.\frac{d y}{d x}\right|_{(3,0)}  &amp;=2(3)-5  &amp;=1\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\therefore$ The equation of tangent at $\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)$ is&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-y_{1}  &amp;=m_{1}\left(x-x_{1}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-0  &amp;=-1(x-2) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y  &amp;=2-x\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        The equation of normal line at $\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)$  is &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                         y-y_{1}  &amp;=-\frac{1}{m_{1}}\left(x-x_{1}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-0  &amp;=1(x-2) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y  &amp;=x-2\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        The equation of tangent at $\left(x_{2}, y_{2}\right)$ is&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-y_{2}  &amp;=m_{2}\left(x-x_{2}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-0  &amp;=1(x-3) \Rightarrow y  &amp;=x-3\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        The equation of normal line at $\left(x_{2}, y_{2}\right)$  is &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp; \\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-y_{2}  &amp;=-\frac{1}{m_{2}}\left(x-x_{2}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-0  &amp;=-1(x-3) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y  &amp;=3-x&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                $P$ is the point $(3,4)$ on the curve $y=3 x^{2}-12 x+13$. Find the coordinates of the point &lt;br /&gt;                of intersection of the normal to the curve at $P$ with the line $x+3=0$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;b&gt;solution&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/image/ex4_7.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        Curve: $y=3 x^{2}-12 x+13\\\\ $,&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        Line: $x+3=0 \Rightarrow x=-3\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $P(3,4)$ is on the curve.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Let $\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)=(3,4)\\\\ $.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\therefore\ \dfrac{d y}{d x}=6 x-12=6(x-2)\\\\ $ &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\therefore\ m=\left.\dfrac{d y}{d x}\right|_{(3,4)}=6(3-2)=6\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        The equation of normal line at $\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)$ is&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-y_{1}&amp;=-\frac{1}{m}\left(x-x_{1}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-4&amp;=-\frac{1}{6}(x-3) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y&amp;=-\frac{1}{6}(x-3)+4\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        When this normal line intersects the line $x+3=0$, $x=-3$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ y&amp;=-\frac{1}{6}(-3-3)+4\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=5\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        So, the point of intersection of the normal to the curve at $P(3,4)$ with the line $x+3=0$ is $(-3,5)$.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                If the line $2 x+y=3$ is tangent to the curve $y=k x^{2}$, find the value of $k$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;b&gt;solution&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/image/ex4_8.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{Curve }: y&amp;=k x^{2},\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ \text{ Gradient of tangent } &amp;=\frac{d y}{d x}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=2 k x\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{Tangent }: 2 x+y&amp;=3 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y&amp;=-2 x+3\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ \text{ Gradient of tangent } &amp;=-2\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ 2 k x&amp;=-2 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        x&amp;=-\frac{1}{k}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Substituting $x=-\dfrac{1}{k}$ in curve and line equations,&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y&amp;=k\left(-\frac{1}{k}\right)^{2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y&amp;=\frac{1}{k} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ \frac{1}{k}&amp;=-2\left(-\frac{1}{k}\right)+3\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        k&amp;=-\frac{1}{3}&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                Find an equation of the tangent line to the curve $y=x^{4}+1$ that is parallel to the line $32 x-y=15$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;br /&gt;                &lt;b&gt;solution&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/image/ex4_9.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text { Curve: } y &amp;=x^{4}+1 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore \text { Gradient of tangent } &amp;=\frac{d y}{d x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=4 x^{3} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text { Line: } 32 x-y &amp;=15 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y &amp;=32 x-15 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ \text { Gradient of line } &amp;=32 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Since the tangent line to the curve is parallel to the line $32 x-y$,&lt;br/&gt; &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        4 x^{3} &amp;=32 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        x &amp;=2 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text { When } x &amp;=2, \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y &amp;=(2)^{4}+1 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=17 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text { Let }\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right) &amp;=(2,17). \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\  \text { The equation of tangent at } &amp; \left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right) \text { is } \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-y_{1} &amp;=m\left(x-x_{1}\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ y-17 &amp;=32(x-2) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ 32 x-y &amp;=47&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                Find an equation of the normal line to the curve $y=\sqrt{x}$ that is parallel to the line $2 x+y=1$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;br /&gt;                  &lt;b&gt;solution&lt;/b&gt;          &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/image/ex4_10.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text { Curve: } y &amp;=\sqrt{x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore \text { Gradient of tangent } &amp;=\frac{d y}{d x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=\frac{1}{2 \sqrt{x}} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore \text { Gradient of normal } &amp;=-2 \sqrt{x} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text { Line }: 2 x+y &amp;=1 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \qquad y &amp;=-2 x+1 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore \text { Gradient of line } &amp;=-2 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Since the normal line to the curve is parallel to the line $2 x+y =1$.&lt;br/&gt; &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        -2 \sqrt{x}=-2 &amp; \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \qquad x=1 &amp; &amp; \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text { When } x=1, y=\sqrt{1}=1\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text { Let } \left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)=(1,1)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\therefore$ The equation of tangent at $\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)$ is&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y-1&amp;=-2(x-1) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        2 x+y&amp;=3&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;          &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        Find an equation of the tangent line to the graph of $y=f(x)$ at $x=5$ if $f(5)=-3$ and $f^{\prime}(5)=4$.&lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;         &lt;b&gt;solution&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;                         &lt;div style=&quot;display: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                         &lt;div class=&quot;tg-wrap&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;tg&quot;&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th class=&quot;tg-math&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;     &lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;br /&gt;                            $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                            &amp;\text { Curve }: y=f(x)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            &amp;\text { When } x=5,\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            &amp;y=f(5)=-3(\text { given })\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            &amp;\text { Let } \left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)=(5,-3)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;br /&gt;                            The gradient of tangent to the curve at $x=5$ is $m=f^{\prime}(5)=4$  (given)&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;br /&gt;                            $\therefore$ The equation of tangent at $\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)$ is&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;br /&gt;                            $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                            &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                            y+3&amp;=4(x-5)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                            4 x-y&amp;=23&lt;br /&gt;                            \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                         &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    If the tangent line to the curve $y=f(x)$ at $(4,3)$ cuts the $y$ - axis at $(0,2)$, find $f(4)$ &lt;br /&gt;                    and $f^{\prime}(4)$.&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        &lt;b&gt;solution&lt;/b&gt;         &lt;br /&gt;                        The tangent line to the curve $y=f(x)$ at $(4,3)$ cuts the $y$-axis at $(0,2)$.&lt;br/&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ f(4)&amp;=3\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ f^{\prime}(4)&amp;= \text{ gradient of tangent}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=\frac{3-2}{4-0} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=\frac{1}{4}&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;     &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                    If the tangent lines to the curve $y=4 x^{2}-x^{3}$ at the points where $x=-1$ and $x=2$ intersect &lt;br /&gt;                    at $P$, find the coordinates of the point $P$.&lt;br /&gt;                    &lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;              &lt;b&gt;solution&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                       &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/image/ex4_13.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{Curve }: y&amp;=4 x^{2}-x^{3}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{When } x&amp;=-1,\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y &amp;=4(-1)^{2}-(-1)^{3} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=5\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{When } x&amp;=2,\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y &amp;=4(2)^{2}-(2)^{3} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=8\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Let $\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)=(-1,5)$ and $\left(x_{2}, y_{2}\right)=(2,8)$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{d y}{d x}=8 x-3 x^{2}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Let the gradient of tangents at $\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)$ and $\left(x_{2}, y_{2}\right)$ be $m_{1}$ and $m_{2}$ respectively.&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ m_{1} &amp;=\left.\dfrac{d y}{d x}\right|_{(-1,5)} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=8(-1)-3(-1)^{2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=-11 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        m_{2} &amp;=\left.\dfrac{d y}{d x}\right|_{(2,8)} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=8(2)-3(2)^{2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=4\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Let the point of intersection of two tangents be $(a, b)$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{b-5}{a+1} &amp;=-11 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        11 a+b &amp;=-6 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \dfrac{b-8}{a-2} &amp;=4 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        4 a-b &amp;=0\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Solving equations (1) and (2) yields $a=-\dfrac{2}{5}$ and $b=-\dfrac{8}{5}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ P=\left(-\dfrac{2}{5},-\dfrac{8}{5}\right) .&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                       &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                Find the coordinates of point or points on the curve $y=x^{4}-2 x^{2}+3$ at which the curve has &lt;br /&gt;                horizontal tangent(s).&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                   &lt;b&gt;solution&lt;/b&gt;                      &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/image/ex4_14.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{Curve }: y&amp;=x^{4}-2 x^{2}+3\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x} &amp;=4 x^{3}-4 x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=4 x\left(x^{2}-1\right) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;=4 x(x+1)(x-1)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        For horizontal tangents,&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x} &amp;=0 . \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        4 x(x+1)(x-1) &amp;=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore x=-1 \text { or } x &amp;=0 \text { or } x=1 . \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        x=-1 \Rightarrow y &amp;=(-1)^{4}-2(-1)^{2}+3=2 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        x=0 \Rightarrow y &amp;=(0)^{4}-2(0)^{2}+3=3 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        x=1 \Rightarrow y &amp;=(1)^{4}-2(1)^{2}+3=2\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        The points on the curve $y=x^{4}-2 x^{2}+3$ at which the curve &lt;br /&gt;                        has horizontal tangents are $(-1,2),(0,3)$ and $(1,2)$.&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                The curve $y=x^{3}+a x^{2}+b x+c$, where $a, b$ and $c$ are real constants, touches the $x$-axis at &lt;br /&gt;                $x=1$ and cuts the $x$-axis at $x=4$. Find (i) the values of $a, b$ and $c$, (ii) the equation of the &lt;br /&gt;                tangent to the curve at $x=0$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;b&gt;solution&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/image/ex4_15.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Curve: $y=x^{3}+a x^{2}+b x+c\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        Since the curve touches the $x$-axis at $x=1$ and cuts the $x$-axis at $x=4$, the points&lt;br /&gt;                        $(1,0)$ and $(4,0)$ lie on the curve and the gradient of tangent at $(1,0)$ is 0 .&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore(1)^{3}+a(1)^{2}+b(1)+c &amp;=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        a+b+c &amp;=-1 \ldots(1)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        (4)^{3}+a(4)^{2}+b(4)+c &amp;=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        16 a+4 b+c &amp;=-64 \ldots(2) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{By equation (2)- equation(1)} &amp;  \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        15 a+3 b &amp;=-63 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        5 a+b &amp;=-21 \ldots(3)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        The gradient of the tangent at any point $(x, y)$ on the curve is $\frac{d y}{d x}$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned} &lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x} &amp;=3 x^{2}+2 a x+b \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \left.\frac{d y}{d x}\right|_{(1,0)} &amp;=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        3+2 a+b &amp;=0 \\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                        2 a+b &amp;=-3 \ldots(4)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{By equation (3)- equation(4)} &amp; \\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                        3 a &amp;=-18 \\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                        a &amp;=-6 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text { Substituting } a &amp;=-6 \text { in (4), } \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        -12+b &amp;=-3 \\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                        b &amp;=9 \\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                        \text { Substituting } a &amp;=-6 \text { and } b=9 \text { in (1), } \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        -6+9+c &amp;=-1 \\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                        c &amp;=-4 \\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ y &amp;=x^{3}-6 x^{2}+9 x-4.\\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Substituting $a=-6$ and $b=9$ in (1),&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        When $x=0, y=-4\\\\ $&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Hence $(0,-4)$ lies on the curve.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\therefore$ The gradient of the tangent at $(0,-4)$ on the curve is&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned} &lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \left.\frac{d y}{d x}\right|_{(0,-4)}&amp; =b=9 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\   \text { The equation of tangent at } &amp; (0,-4) \text { is } \\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                        y-(-4) &amp;=9(x-0) \\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                        y &amp;=9 x-4 . &lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                Find all values of $m$ such that the line $y=m x+3$ is tangent to the curve $y=\frac{1}{2} x^{2}-x+5$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;b&gt;solution&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/image/ex4_16.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ Curve }: y &amp;= \frac{1}{2} x^{2}-x+5.\\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ Gradient of tangent is } \frac{d y}{d x} &amp;= x-1\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ Tangent }: y &amp;= m x+3\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ Gradient of tangent }  &amp;= m\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ m &amp;= x-1\\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                         x &amp;= m+1\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{Substituting } x &amp;= m+1 \text{ in curve equation},\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y &amp;= \frac{1}{2}(m+1)^{2}-(m+1)+5\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{Substituting } x &amp;= m+1 \text{ in tangent equation}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        y &amp;= m(m+1)+3\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore\ \frac{1}{2}(m+1)^{2}-(m+1)+5 &amp;= m(m+1)+3\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        m = -3 \text{ or } m &amp;= 1&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                If the tangent to the curve $y=2 x^{3}-3 x+5$ at the point where $x=-1$ intersects the curve again at $A$, &lt;br /&gt;                find the coordinates of $A$.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;solution&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/image/ex4_17.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ Curve }: y &amp;= 2 x^{3}-3 x+5\\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                        \text{ When} x &amp;= -1,\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                         y &amp;= 2(-1)^{3}-3(-1)+5 &amp;= 6\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{d y}{d x} &amp;= 6 x^{2}-3\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                         &amp;= 3\left(2 x^{2}-1\right)\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        m &amp;= \left.\frac{d y}{d x}\right|_{(-1,6)}\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                         &amp;= 3\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Let another point of intersection of curve and tangent be $(a, b)$.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore b &amp;= 2 a^{3}-3 a+5\\\\ &lt;br /&gt;                        \text{Since, } \frac{b-6}{a+1} &amp;= 3\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \frac{2 a^{3}-3 a+5-6}{a+1} &amp;= 3\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        a &amp;= 2\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \therefore b &amp;= 2(2)^{3}-3(2)+5\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                         &amp;= 15\\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        Thus, the coordinates of the point  $A $ is  $(2,15)$.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                If the lines passing through the point $(2,3)$ are tangent to the curve $y=3 x-x^{2}$, find the coordinates &lt;br /&gt;                of the points on the curve where the tangents meet the curve.&lt;br /&gt;                &lt;br /&gt;                &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;b&gt;solution&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;img class=&quot;display&quot; src=&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/targetmath/target/image/ex4_18.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                        &lt;br /&gt;                        $\begin{aligned}&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text { Curve: } y=3 x-x^{2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\frac{d y}{d x}=3-2 x \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text { Let }(a, b) \text { be the point on the curve } \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text { where the tangent exists. } \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\therefore b=3 a-a^{2} \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;m=\left.\frac{d y}{d x}\right|_{(a, b)}=3-2 a \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text { Since the tangent at }(a, b) \text { pass } \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text { through the point } (2,3), \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\frac{b-3}{a-2}=3-2 a \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\frac{3 a-a^{2}-3}{a-2}=3-2 a \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\therefore a=1(\text { or }) a=3 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text { When } a=1, b=3(1)-(1)^{2}=2 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text { When } a=3, b=3(3)-(3)^{2}=0 \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\therefore \text { The tangents meet the curve at }(1,2) \\\\&lt;br /&gt;                        &amp;\text { and }(3,0) \text {. }&lt;br /&gt;                        \end{aligned}$&lt;br /&gt;                 &lt;/ol&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/feeds/5813127657286051658/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2023/11/calculus-exercise-4-tangent-line-and.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/5813127657286051658'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1686458996561451855/posts/default/5813127657286051658'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.cekrisna.com/2023/11/calculus-exercise-4-tangent-line-and.html' title='Calculus Exercise (4) : Tangent Line and Normal Line to a Curve'/><author><name>anak medan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16672862772445386879</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjL5mz6SZVvDF0ZgSRS4jPOWYzKBVbn6tHYmLccOoFqpsJwlU_1IEGd-nBXz8noUZiJspgHul7FymMbajesZRvgHYiLw2vTpPdhTm6OFd6fnAvngfNmk5kf0ZYBgtN06cZ5P14PvKwZpBVLNWiGRJLJkQicSCX6VG1YxosVtg4jlO0WPZkmFZy0z_TWcA=s72-c" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>