<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265588476299169997</id><updated>2026-01-02T01:14:59.360+05:30</updated><category term="દૈનિક"/><category term="લોકસાહિત્ય"/><category term="જાણવા જેવું"/><category term="Anchoring script"/><category term="Organic Farmer"/><category term="Dikari"/><category term="Suvichar"/><category term="બાળકથા"/><category term="પટેલ અને પાટીદાર"/><category term="Patel Samaj"/><category term="પીસી હેલ્પ"/><category term="લોખંડી પુરુષ"/><category term="હસો અને હસાવો"/><category term="ઉત્સવ"/><category term="બ્લોગ ગેજેટ"/><category term="બ્લોગ હેલ્પ"/><category term="Freedom"/><category term="કેવી રીતે"/><category term="નેટ સફર"/><category term="ફેસબુક"/><category term="વર્ડપ્રેસ"/><category term="વાનગીઓ"/><category term="Global Maps"/><category term="Songs"/><category term="એપ્સ"/><category term="બાળકોને ઘળો"/><category term="મોબાઈલ હેલ્પ"/><category term="સોફ્ટવેર"/><title type='text'>Chandsar</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default?start-index=26&amp;max-results=25&amp;redirect=false'/><author><name>Chandsar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15069347244368765486</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>218</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265588476299169997.post-1065157272033034649</id><published>2017-10-04T10:53:00.001+05:30</published><updated>2017-10-04T10:58:05.946+05:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ઉત્સવ"/><title type='text'>Diwali 2017</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Diwali is coming soon, just check Diwali Festival Holiday Indian Calendar 2017 Diwali Festival 2017 Date and Day Indian Calendar Holiday&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Diwali 2017 is on 19th October 2017 -&amp;nbsp; Sunday&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM1GyLTEG3tellWKoah_B-z7X1tJ0m7h8o8BVw0lN7_EId4dEhJuFbaWdQMscGs9fpsH7Q5cvC9ItZo_1blFrf12OHieQ96A56sGwONx9kIwmdr0WjvtvOtui5QO4yrBv0Ga-ox7jDTfw/s1600/diwali+2017.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;508&quot; data-original-width=&quot;650&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM1GyLTEG3tellWKoah_B-z7X1tJ0m7h8o8BVw0lN7_EId4dEhJuFbaWdQMscGs9fpsH7Q5cvC9ItZo_1blFrf12OHieQ96A56sGwONx9kIwmdr0WjvtvOtui5QO4yrBv0Ga-ox7jDTfw/s1600/diwali+2017.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;List of Diwali Holidays 2017&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ( Diwali 2017 Dates )&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;17 October 2017 Tuesday Dhanteras &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;18 October 2017 Wednesday Kali Chaudas, Choti Diwali, Naraka Chaturdashi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;19 October 2017 Thursday Diwali, Dipavali, Lakshmi Pooja&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;20 October 2017 Friday Padwa, Goverdhan Puja, Annakut&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;21 October 2017 Saturday Bhaidooj, Yama Dwitiya, Bhai Bij&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Diwali is biggest festival and Holiday of the year in India. Diwali is celebrated largely in all part of India. Diwali 2017 is 5 day festival. Diwali is just near and hence people are very excited to know â€œWhat Date is Diwali in 2017?. Diwali Festival Holiday Starts from 17th October to 21st November 2017. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Diwali is a festival which is favorite festival of children, elders and youngsters. So they would show curiosity that What Day is Diwali in 2017. Diwali Festival 2017 in India continues from Friday to Tuesday&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Diwali Festival Holiday In India starts from 17th October to 21st November 2017 from Tuesday to Friday.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;So, what&#39;s your planning for Diwali 2017 Festival Celebrations ? ? There are few going to enjoy Deepavali 2017 with Go Green Concept ! !&amp;nbsp; some will enjoy International holidays to celebrate their 2017 Diwali... again traditional indian celebration with crackers would be always fun with Diwali Lovers :)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Diwali 2017 is just around the corner, only few days to go! Diwali 2017 Dates will start on Tuesday, the 17th of November and will continue for 5 days until Friday, the 21st of November. Looking at the fervor going around, it seems Diwali Festival 2017 is going to be the biggest event of the year for people in India and the Indian communities around the world.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;You can make the Diwali 2017 Festival of Lights a very special one - not only for your family, but also for yourself. The &quot;Festival of Sweets, Gifts, Rangoli, Fireworks and Firecrackers&quot; will be very soon, so why not start early and plan secretly ahead of the festivities for the greatest celebration of the year? Maybe you could already think of the most suitable Diwali gifts for your family members - for your children, your husband or wife, your parents, sisters, brothers, friends and neighbors. You can also make a list of invitees for Diwali 2017 or plan a tour after knowing Diwali 2017 Dates for the coming holidays.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Although Diwali is regarded as one of the most important festival of the Hindu calendar, it is celebrated by all the people across the nation with great enthusiasm. On the day of the festival, diyas (small clay lamps) are lit in everybody&#39;s home irrespective of their social status. The name Diwali signifies &#39;rows of lighted lamps&#39; and so its called the festival of light.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Diwali is a five-day festival, beginning on the 15th day of the Hindu calendar month of Kartika (Ashwin). Diwali marks the beginning of the Hindu and Gujarati New Year and is celebrated with the lighting of lamps and candles, and lots of fireworks. Due to India&#39;s varied cultural diversity there are many manifestations of the festival. As Diwali 2017 Dates are going to start from the 17th of November this year, the first day of the festival i.e. Dhanteras will be celebrated on that day.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Thus the festival begins with Dhanteras, a day set aside to worship the goddess of prosperity, Goddess Lakshmi.&amp;nbsp; The second day is also known as &#39;Naraka Chaturdashi&#39; or &#39;Kali Chaudas&#39; in some states. According to the legend, Lord Kirshna killed the evil daemon Narakasura on this day. People worship Goddess Lakshmi and Lord Rama. The third day is the actual day of Diwali 2017. There are various legends associated with the celebration of Diwali. But people mostly associate the celebration with the legend of Lord Ram returning to his kingdom of Ayodhya after fourteen years of exile and defeating Ravana, the demon king.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;People decorate their home with beautiful diyas and making rangoli pattern in the courtyard and in front of the gate. They put flowers and mango leaves on their doors and windows. Diyas and candles are placed on rooftops, rooms, and kitchen and even in the bathrooms. On this day, people worship Lord Ganesha, the foremost of all Hindu Gods and Goddess Lakshmi, the Goddess of Wealth and Prosperity. It is time to exchange gifts and sweets with friends, relatives and neighbors. The fourth day (Padwa) is 1 Kartika in the Hindu calendar and is also known as Govardhan Puja or Annakoot. It is said that Krishna defeated the god of rain and the heavens Indra on that day. He lifted Mount Govardhana to save people&#39;s life from the floods. Finally the fifth and last day of Diwali is called &#39;Bhaiduj&#39; (&#39;Bhai Dooj&#39;). This is the day for brothers and sisters to strengthen their relationships.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Joy and festivity is going to rein every corner of the nation during the Diwali Festival 2017. Diwali festival is the one Hindu festival that unites the whole of India. The exchange of sweets and the explosion of fireworks customarily accompany the celebration of the festival. Diwali Festival 2017 will bring with it cheerfulness and togetherness. This is that time of the year when people of all age and all class take part in its celebration!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;ગુજરાતની આ વસ્તુઓ નથી ખાધી ? તો તમે કંઇ ખાધુ જ નથી!&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;અમદાવાદ:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
લકીના મસ્કાબન , સાબરમતી જેલ અને રાયપુરના ભજિયા , છત્રભૂજની સેન્ડવીચ , જશુબેનના પિઝા , વિજય અને જયભવાનીના વડાપાંવ , કર્ણાવતીની દાબેલી , મણીનગરના માસીની પાણીપૂરી , ગીતાની સમોસા-કચોરી , શંભૂની કોફી , દાસના ખમણ-સેવખમણી , લક્ષ્મીના ગાંઠિયા , આસ્ટોડિયાની લખનૌની અડદની જલેબી , જવેરવાડની પાણીપૂરી , મેમનગર ફાયર સ્ટેશન પાસેની ચોકલેટ-ચીઝ સેન્ડવિચ , વિદ્યાપીઠ પાસેના થેપલા , ગુજરાતના દાળવડા , ફરકીના ફાલૂદા , પાલડીની નરસિંહ ભગત હોસ્ટેલ પાસેની પ?પડી , વાડજના સોહરાબજી કમ્પાઉન્ડના દાલ-પકવાન , યુનિવર્સિટીના ઢોસા , બાપુનગરના ગોંડલના ગાઠિયા , દિનેશના ભજિયા , સીમા હોલ પાસે ઇન્દોરની ચાટ , જેઠાણી-દેરાણીનો આઇસ્ક્રીમ , રાજસ્થાન આઇસ્ક્રીમ અને અસારવાનો સંચાનો આઇસ્ક્રીમ , શંકરનો આઇસ્ક્રીમ , મણિનગરના ટામેટાના ભજિયા , વીએસ હોસ્પિટલ પાસે નાગરની ચોરાફળી , વૈષ્ણોદૈવી પાસેના દાલફ્રાઈ અને રાઈસ , કાંકરિયાની કાળી ટોપી લંબી મૂછની ખારેક , મરચી પોળનું ચવાણું , દોસીવાડા પોળની હિંમતસિંહ ઓટલાવાળા ખરખરિયા , જુના શેર-બજારનું ચવાણું , ઝવેરીવાડના ચોકલેટ પિઝા , સેટેલાઈટમાં શક્તિનો ભાજી પાંવ , સી.જી. રોડ પર આર.કે.નો ભાજી પાંવ , હાટકેશ્વરમાં કે.સી.નો ભાજી પાંવ , પાંચ કૂવાની ફૂલવડી , લક્ષ્મી બેકરીની પેટિસ , શ્રી રામના ખમણ , ઓનેસ્ટના ભાજી-પાંવ , મોતી બેકરીની નાનખટાઇ , ચંદ્ર વિલાસના ફાફડા જલેબી , સૌરાષ્ટ્રના ફાફડા , ઋતુરાજના મસ્કાબન-ચા , ચાંગોદરના ભઠ્ઠીના ભજિયા , સરદાર પટેલ સ્ટેડિયમની ક્રિષ્ના લસ્સી , ઢબગરવાડની કચોરી , અલંકારના સમોસા , મિરઝાપુરમાં ફેમસના કબાબ , રાયપુરના શ્રી રામના ખમણ , એનઆઇડી પાસે માસીની ઓમ્લેટ , બહેમરામપુરાના વિજયના દાલવડા , ખોખરા ચાર રસ્તાની ઇડલી , નરોડાના ગેલેક્સી થિયેટરના ખોડિયારના ભજિયા , હરિન પાઠકના બંગલાની પાસે લિજ્જતના ખમણ , બાપુનગરમાં મુક્તિધામ એસ્ટેટના મરચાની ચિપ્સના ભજિયા અને કુંભાણિયા (મરચાની મમરીના ભજિયા) , લા ગજ્જરની સામે દેવાર્શના પરોઠા , લકીની બાજુમાં શશીનુ ચવાણું , વસ્ત્રાપુર હનુમાન દાદા પાસેના પરોઠા , ઝવેરીવાડના જૈન ફરસાણના ભાખરવડી અને કેળાવડા , જનતાનો કોકો , ઝવેરીવાડની દાળિયાની ચટણી , બાલા હનુમાન ગાંધી રોડના રગડા-સમાસા , રામ વિજયના ફાફડા-જલેબી , ભૂતની આંબલીના ફાંફડા , ઇન્દુબેન ખાખરાવાડાના ચણાચોર ખાખરા અને ઢોસાના ખાખરા , એલઆઈસી બિલ્ડિંગની સામે પથ્થર કૂવાના મરચા અને કેળાની વેફર્સ , ઇન્કમ ટેક્સ પર પંડિતની સેન્ડવીચ , રેવડી બજારનો રબડી આઇસ્ક્રીમ , અંકુરના આણંદ દાલવડા , ઝવેરીવાડના મારવાડીના પાપડના ગુલ્લા , મેન્ટલ હોસ્પિટલ સામેના છોલે ભટુરે&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;રાજકોટ:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
મયૂર ભજિયા , મનહરના સમોસા-ભજિયા , ઢેબર ચોકના આઇસ્ક્રીમના ભજિયા , જય અંબે , ખેતલા આપા અને મોમાઈની ચા , રામ ઔર શ્યામના ગોલા , સોરઠિયાવાડી સર્કલની હંગામાં કૂલ્ફી , ભક્તિનગર સર્કલનો સોના-રૂપાનો આઇસ્ક્રીમ , કરણપરાના બ્રેડ કટકા , એરપોર્ટ ફાટક પાસેના ઢોસા , જોકરના ગાંઠિયા , સુર્યકાંતના થેપલા-ચા , જય સિયારામના પેંડા , રસિકભાઈનો ચેવડો , જલારામની ચિકી , ગોરધનભાઈનો ચેવડો , આઝાદના ગોલા , બાલાજીની સેન્ડવીચ , અનામના ઘુઘરા , ઇશ્વરના ઘુઘરા , રાજુના ભાજી પાંવ , મગનલાલનો આઇસ્ક્રીમ , સોનાલીના ભાજી પાંવ , સાધનાની ભેળ , નઝમીનું સરબત , રાજમંદિરની લસ્સી , ભગતના પેંડા , શ્રી રામની ચટણી , ?ીલપરાનું અમદાવાદી ખમણ , પટેલના ભાજી પાંવ , સંતકબીર રોડનું ચાપડી-ઉંધીયુ , રઘુવંશીના વડાપાંવ , બજરંગની સોડા , ન્યૂ સર્વશ્વર ચોકના બ્રેડ કટકા , કાલાવડ રોડ પર ફાયર બ્રિગેડની સામેના ઢોસા , નિર્મલા કોન્વેટ પાસેના ઢોસા , કોટેચા ચોક પાસેની કચોરી-સમોચા , સંતકબીર રોડની રાંદલના ભાજી પાંવ , મેટોડા જીઆઈડીસીમાં બાલાજીના ભજિયા&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;વડોદરા :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
દુલીરામના પેંડા , મહાકાળીનું સેવઉસલ , પારસનું પાન , ભાઇભાઇની દાબૅલી , શ્રીજીના વડાપાંવ , એમજી રોડ પર લાલાકાકાના ભજિયા , મંગળબજારમાં પ્યારેલાલની કચોરી , ન્યાયમંદિર પાસે સત્યનારાણ અને રાજસ્થાની આઇસ્ક્રીમ , રાજમહેલ રોડ પર રાજુના ખમણ , અલ્કાપૂરીમાં બોમ્બે સેન્ડવીચ , કોઠી ચાર રસ્તા પાસે મનમોહનના સમોસા , જગદિશનો ચેવડો , ટેસ્ટીના વડાપાંવ , ફતેહરાજના પૌવા , વિનાયકનો પુલાવ , લાલાકાકાના ભજિયા , નાળિયેર પાણીની સિંગ , ખાઉધરા ગલી પાસે ડાયાભાઈના મૈસૂર મસાલા ઢોસા&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;સુરત :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
રમેશનો સાલમપાક , કિશોરનો આઇસ્ક્રીમ , જાનીનો લોચો , લાલ દરવાજાનો ગોપાલનો લોચો , ગાંડાકાકાના ફાફડા , વરાછા રોડ પર વૈશાલીના વડાપાંવ , અઠવા લાઈનના કાકીના ભાજી પાંવ , ચોપાટી પાસે મહેશનો પુલાવ , વેડ દરવાજા પાસે પટેલની તવા સબ્જી , અંબાજી રોડ પર સુરતીના ખમણ , લાલગેટ પાસે મજદાની નાનખટ્ટાઈ , ભાગર વિસ્તારમાં રામજી દામોદરનું ભુસ્સુ , ખાંડવાળાની શેરીના સુરતી સરસિયા ખાજા , લી??ડા ચોકમાં ચેવલીના ભજિયા , ઝાંપાબજાર પાસે આદર્શની ચા , દાળિયા શેરીની નરેશની ભેળ , બેગમપુરામાં મઢીની ખમણી , સલાબતપુરામાં સેન્ડીકેટના સમોસા , મોટા વરાછામાં કુંભણિયા ભજિયા , ટેક્સટાઇલ માર્કેલ પાસે પહેલવાનાના ચોલે ભટુરે , ભાગર વિસ્તારમાં મોટી હરજીની જલેબી , ઉધના મગદલ્લાનો હજુરીનો સોસિયો , વરાછા રોડ પરના મયૂરના ભજિયા&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;ગાંધીનગર :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
મયુરના ભજિયા , ગાંઠીયારથના ગાંઠિયા , મહાલક્ષ્‍મીના ખમણ , મહારાજના દાળવડા , ભાભીના&lt;br /&gt;
ભજિયા , બટુકના ગોટા , મોરલીના ઢોંસા , પુજાના ઢોકળા , સેંધાના ગોટા , અક્ષરધામની ખીચડી , લક્ષ્મી બેકરીના પફ અને પેટિસ અને નાનખટ્ટાઈ , વૈષ્ણોદેવી પાસે શિવશક્તિની દાલ-બાટી&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;અમરેલી :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ચક્કાભાઈની ચા , જયહિન્દના ગોટા , ટાવર પાસે ગોપાલની જામેલ લસ્સી , હિરાભાઈના દૂધના પેંડા અને નાના બસસ્ટેન્ડની ચા , ભગતનું ઉંધીયુ , મહારાજના ભાજીપાંવ , શિતલનુ કોલ્ડપાન&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;ભૂજ :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
બાસૂદી ગોળા , રજવાડી ગોળા , આઇસ્ક્રીમ ગોળા , વાણિયાવાડ ખાવડાના સાટા , પકવાન અને ગુલાબપાક , ગોવિંદજીના પેંડા , મધુની ભેળ , ધીરૂભાઈની રોટી , શંકરના વડાપાંવ&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;સુરેન્દ્રનગર:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ભાભીના ભજીયા , રાજેશના સમોસા , જગદંબના પરોઠા , ઉકાનું પૂરી-શાક , સિકંદરની સિંગ , જલારામના વાળા-પાંવ , નોવેલ્ટીના પરોઠા -શાક , પેરામાઉન્ટનો આઇસ્ક્રીમ , ચેતનાની દાબેલી , દાળમિલમાં સાગરની ખસતા કચોરી , એસ્ટ્રોનનું પાન , કિસ્મતની સોડા , સૂર્યાના ભાજી પાંવ , ગોકુલનું સીઝલર , ગોપાલના મસાલા પાંવ&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;જામનગર&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;:&lt;br /&gt;
એચ.જે.વ્યાસનો શીખંડ , વલ્લભભાઈના પેંડા , જનતા ફાટકના વણેલા ગાંઠિયા , જગદિશનો ફાલુદો , ગીતાનો આઇસ્ક્રિમ , જવાહરના પાન , દિલિપના ઘુઘરા , ઉમિયાના ભજિયા , લખુભાઈનો રગડો , ગીજુભાઈની ભેળપૂરી , ડાયફ્રુટની કચોરી&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;મહેસાણા:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
સહયોગના પેંડા , મુરલીના વડા પાંવ , પટેલની ખમણી , સ્ટેશનની ચા , રામપુરા ચોકડીની દાબેલી , ક્રિષ્નાની દાબેલી&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;બારડોલી :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
જલારામના પાંતરા , જલારામના ખમણ , જલારામની ખીચડી , મહારાણાના દાણા-ચણા , ભરકાદેવીનું આઈસ્ક્રીમ , જેઠાની પાંવભાજી&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;જેતપુર :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
વજુગીરી ના ભજીયા , દિપકની દાબેલી , નાથબાપાના લસણિયા સેવ મમરા , ભગતના પેંડા&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;ભાવનગર :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ભગવતીનું સેવ-ઉસળ&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;આણંદ :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
રેલવે સ્ટેશનની દાબેલી , પાંડુના દાલ વડા , યોગેશના ખમણ , સાસુજીનો હાંડવો&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;દાહોદ :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
બાદશાહ કૂલ્ફી&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;ગોધરાઃ&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
પેટ્રોલ પંપના ભજિયા , ગાયત્રીની લસ્સી , શંકરની ભાજી-પાવ , ગોપાલનો ગોટો&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;બોટાદ :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
જેરામભાઈનો ચેવડો&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;મોરબી‍‍&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;:&lt;br /&gt;
પકાના ભૂંગરા બટાટા , કાનાની દાબેલી , ભારતની પાણી પુરી , મયુરના ભજિયા , ચક્કાના બ્રેડ બટાટા , જૈનના ખમણ&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;નવસારી:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
વિકાસના સમોસા , મામાની પેટીસ&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;ધારી:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
કનૈયા ડેરીનો શીખંડ&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;મહુવા:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
વરિયાળીનું સરબત&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;નડિયાદ:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
સિંધી બજારનું ગળિયું ચવાણું , વસોગામના પત્તરવેલિયા&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;” ગુજરાતમાં ક્યાંનું શું વખાણાય છે ? ”&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
અમદવાદના મસ્કાબન , કટિંગ ચા , મકરસંક્રાતિ&lt;br /&gt;
સુરતનું જમણ , ઘારી , સુરતણફેણી , ખમણ ઢોકળા , ઉઘીયું અને લોચો&lt;br /&gt;
રાજકોટની ચીકી , પેંડા , બ્રેડ કટકા અને રંગીલી પ્રજા&lt;br /&gt;
વડોદરાનો લીલો ચેવડો , ભાખરવડી અને નવરાત્રિ&lt;br /&gt;
જામનગરની બાંધણી , કચોરી , તાળા , આંજણ અને પાન&lt;br /&gt;
કચ્છની દાબેલી , ગુલાબપાક , કળા કાળિગીરી અને ખુમારી&lt;br /&gt;
મોરબીના તળીયા (ટાઇલ્સ) , નળિયા અને ઘડીયાલ&lt;br /&gt;
ભરુચની ખારી શિંગ&lt;br /&gt;
સુરેન્દ્રનગરના સેવમમરા , કચીરીયું અને શીંગ&lt;br /&gt;
ભાવનગરના ગાંડા , ગટર , ગાંઠિયા અને ફૂલવડી&lt;br /&gt;
પાલનપુરનું અત્તર , પેંડા , ખાખરા અને હીરાના વેપારી&lt;br /&gt;
સોરઠનો સાવજ , કેસર કેરી અ??ે અડીખમ ગિરનાર&lt;br /&gt;
પાટણની રેવડી , દેવડા અને પટોળા&lt;br /&gt;
પોરબંદરની ખાજલી , ગોટી સોડા અને માફિયા&lt;br /&gt;
નવસારીની નાનખટાઇ&lt;br /&gt;
ખંભાતનું હલવાસન&lt;br /&gt;
ડાંગનો ચોખ્ખાનો રોટલો , નાગલી , વાંસનું શાક અને ડાંગ દરબાર&lt;br /&gt;
વલસાડના ચીકુ અને હાફૂસ&lt;br /&gt;
ડાકોરના ગોટા અને સકરિયા અને મલાઇ મારેલું દૂધ&lt;br /&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/feeds/9180077637720883253/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/2265588476299169997/9180077637720883253?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/9180077637720883253'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/9180077637720883253'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/2017/03/gujarat-popularfoods.html' title='ગુજરાતની આ વસ્તુઓ નથી ખાધી ? તો તમે કંઇ ખાધુ જ નથી!'/><author><name>Chandsar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15069347244368765486</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265588476299169997.post-5837979016281391475</id><published>2016-11-29T13:16:00.000+05:30</published><updated>2016-11-29T13:16:50.819+05:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Dikari"/><title type='text'>Badsah Sukanya Bond Yojna 2016</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;h1 class=&quot;title entry-title&quot; itemprop=&quot;name&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Registration 2016&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Date : 01/01/2016 to 31/12/2016&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Shree Lavji Badshah &quot;Beti Bachao Mahaladu, Surat - year 2006&quot; jyare 
Dt.01/01/2016 na roj 10 vrsh purn krva jai rhyo che tyare &quot;Beti Bachao 
Mahaladu Dashbdi Mahotsav&quot; prasnge aapna dwara Gujaratni 5000 Patidar 
Dikrio mate Rupia 100 Crore ni &quot;Badshah Sukanya Bond Yojna&quot; jaher krva 
badal aap shree ne Khub Khub Abhinandan &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Beti Bachavo Mahaladu Dasabdi Mahotshav Prashange Samasht Patidar Samaja - Surat Prayojit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;For 5000 patidar family&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Rs.1,00,00,00,000/- Bond By LAVJIBHAI BADASHAH.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/feeds/5837979016281391475/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/2265588476299169997/5837979016281391475?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/5837979016281391475'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/5837979016281391475'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/2016/11/badshah-sukanya-bond-yojana-2016.html' title='Badsah Sukanya Bond Yojna 2016'/><author><name>Chandsar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15069347244368765486</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRKwvW1q_uHYOYuJ6lI3yGSH1jswA6VzY3ccmajsqob_eCh9t0LQ_taoNYGq-VonDCXNUXBAgz33aIyigmGiBXETuYyoYKMFTEF5tjd-o0y6sCA0QIlKwgKbpMgNMZRev2G1IS5UCb3W8/s72-c/badshah+sukanya+bond+yojna.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265588476299169997.post-170183047317008578</id><published>2016-10-19T16:51:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2016-10-19T16:55:36.436+05:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="બાળકોને ઘળો"/><title type='text'>તમારા બાળકોને નાનપણથી ઘળો!</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_EW0DwRgGVTPk1DuY6UmN0qEtBJuZ8_pkmMNUKIfFHPYGrpFtxwO1BfVXKj30Aq2rapKw3nf5qqZlAeLUjyFlaSCFaC4C3WAOHG1NhqCnYljgksekzKzzFCBFP_VdilwaWCHUdSorpwg/s1600/proverbs-22-6-cross-550x320.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;232&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_EW0DwRgGVTPk1DuY6UmN0qEtBJuZ8_pkmMNUKIfFHPYGrpFtxwO1BfVXKj30Aq2rapKw3nf5qqZlAeLUjyFlaSCFaC4C3WAOHG1NhqCnYljgksekzKzzFCBFP_VdilwaWCHUdSorpwg/s400/proverbs-22-6-cross-550x320.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;આપણે બધા જ માટીની બનાવેલી ચીજો વાપર્યે છીએ. જેમ કે, સગડી, માટલી, કપ-રકાબી, બરણીઓ અને &lt;br /&gt;
સુંદર ફૂલદાની કે ફ્લાવર વાઝ. આ બધી ખરેખર કુંભારની કરામત છે. શું તમે કોઈ કુંભારની કરામત જોઈ છે? તમે જોતા જ રહી જાવ એમ તે માટીમાંથી જાતજાતની ચીજો બનાવી લે છે. બહુ ઓછા લોકો પાસે એવી કળા હોય છે.&lt;br /&gt;
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એવી જ રીતે, માબાપ પણ પોતાના બાળકને સુંદર ઘાટ આપી શકે છે અને એમ કરવાથી તેઓ સમાજનું ભલું કરી શકે છે. રામાયણ આપણને માટી સાથે સરખાવે છે. બાળકને ઘાટ આપવાનું કામ પરમેશ્વરે, માબાપને સોંપ્યું છે. (અયૂબ ૩૩:૬; ઉત્પત્તિ ૧૮:૧૯) એક સુંદર, ઘાટીલું વાસણ બનાવવું કંઈ આસાન નથી. તેમ જ બાળક મોટું થઈને સુખી થાય, એવી રીતે તેને કેળવવા સખત મહેનત કરવી પડે છે.&lt;br /&gt;
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એક કુંભાર માટી તૈયાર કરી ચાકડા પર ચઢાવી, એક બાજુ બેસી જશે નહિ. એ જ રીતે માબાપે કદી વિચારવું નહિ કે બાળક તો તેની જાતે ઘડાશે. બીજી ઘણી સારી અને ખરાબ બાબતો બાળકના દિલને અસર કરે છે. તેથી, “બાળકે જે માર્ગમાં ચાલવું જોઈએ,” એનું શિક્ષણ આપવાની જવાબદારી માબાપની છે. વળી, તેઓ ખાતરી રાખી શકે કે તેઓનું બાળક “વૃદ્ધ થશે ત્યારે તેમાંથી તે ખસશે નહિ.”—નીતિવચનો ૨૨:૬.&lt;br /&gt;
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બાળકોને મોટા કરવા એ કંઈ રમતવાત નથી. એટલા માટે, માબાપે પોતાના બાળકને ખરાબ બાબતોથી દૂર રાખવા બનતો પ્રયત્ન કરવો જોઈએ. માબાપે પોતાના બાળકોને ધીરજથી, ‘ખ્રિસ્તી શિસ્ત અને શિક્ષણમાં ઉછેરવા’ જોઈએ. આમ માબાપ, બાળક માટેના સાચા પ્રેમની સાબિતી આપી શકશે. (એફેસી ૬:૪, પ્રેમસંદેશ) જોકે, બાળક જન્મે ત્યારથી જ માબાપ શિક્ષણ આપવાનું શરૂ કરે, તો તેમનું કામ ઘણું સહેલું બની શકે છે.&lt;br /&gt;
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જન્મથી જ શીખવો&lt;br /&gt;
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કુંભાર એવી કુમળી માટીનો ઉપયોગ કરે છે જે આસાનીથી ઘાટ આપી શકે. તેમ છતાં, એ ધ્યાન રાખે છે કે વસ્તુ બન્યા પછી એનો ઘાટ જળવાઈ રહે. એ માટે તે માટીને સાફ કર્યા પછી, છ મહિનાની અંદર જ એનો ઉપયોગ કરે છે. એવી જ રીતે, બાળક સમજણું થાય ત્યારથી જ માબાપે શિક્ષણ આપવાનું શરૂ કરી દેવું જોઈએ. જેથી બાળકનો ઘાટ જળવાઈ રહે, એટલે કે એ શિક્ષણ એના મનમાં ઠસી રહે.&lt;br /&gt;
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બાળકોના ઍકસ્પર્ટ કહે છે કે આઠ મહિને તો બાળક ભાષા સમજતું થઈ જાય છે. એટલું જ નહિ પણ તેઓની માબાપ સાથે પ્રીતિ બંધાય છે. તેમની બુદ્ધિમાં ધીરે ધીરે વધારો થાય છે. વળી, તે તેની આજુબાજુની દુનિયાથી પણ પરિચિત થાય છે. તેથી, બાળક હજુ નાનું હોય ત્યારથી જ તેને ઘાટ આપવાનું શરૂ કરો. જો તમારું બાળક પણ તીમોથીની જેમ ‘બાળપણથી પવિત્ર શાસ્ત્ર જાણે’ તો એ તેના જ લાભમાં છે!&lt;br /&gt;
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નાના બાળકો કુદરતી રીતે જ પોતાના માબાપના શબ્દો, ભાષા અને હાવભાવની કૉપી કરે છે. એની સાથે સાથે તેઓ પ્રેમ અને દયા જેવા ગુણો પણ માબાપ પાસેથી શીખે છે. તેથી, પોતાના બાળકને યહોવાહના નિયમો પ્રમાણે મોટા કરવા હોય તો, સૌ પ્રથમ માબાપે જ યહોવાહની આજ્ઞા પ્રમાણે ચાલવું જોઈએ. જો માબાપ પોતે જ યહોવાહના નિયમોની કદર કરશે, તો તેઓ પોતાના બાળકને યહોવાહ અને તેમનો શબ્દ, રામાયણ વિષે દરરોજ શીખવી શકશે. રામાયણ સલાહ આપે છે, “જ્યારે તું ઘરમાં બેઠો હોય, ને જ્યારે તું રસ્તે ચાલતો હોય, ને જ્યારે તું સૂઈ જાય ને જ્યારે તું ઊઠે, ત્યારે તે વિષે વાત કર.” ચાલો આપણે જોઈએ કે મિતેષ અને મિના પોતાના બે નાના બાળકોને યહોવાહ વિષે કઈ રીતે શીખવે છે.*&lt;br /&gt;
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“અમે દરરોજ અમારા બાળકો સાથે વાતચીત તો કરીએ જ છીએ. તે ઉપરાંત, અમે બંને અલગ-અલગ રીતે બાળકોને મળીને, દરરોજ લગભગ ૧૫ મિનિટ વાત કરીએ છીએ જેથી અમને ખબર પડે છે કે તેઓને કેવા પ્રોબ્લેમ છે. એટલું જ નહિ પણ એ પ્રોબ્લેમનો રસ્તો કાઢવા માટે બાળકોને મદદ કરીએ છીએ. દાખલા તરીકે, અમારા પાંચ વર્ષના દીકરાના, ક્લાસમાં એક વિદ્યાર્થીએ મશ્કરી ઉડાવીને કહ્યું કે, પરમેશ્વર છે જ નહિ. તેથી, તેણે સ્કૂલેથી ઘરે આવીને અમને કહ્યું કે તે યહોવાહમાં માનતો નથી.”&lt;br /&gt;
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ત્યારે અમને લાગ્યું કે બાળકોને યહોવાહમાં શ્રદ્ધા દૃઢ કરાવવાની જરૂર છે. આવી શ્રદ્ધા યહોવાહે ઉત્પન્ન કરેલી બાબતો જોઈને વધારી શકાય છે. બાળકોને પ્રાણીઓ સાથે રમવાનું, ફૂલો તોડવાનું અથવા તો દરિયા કિનારે રેતીમાં રમવાનું તો ગમતું જ હોય છે! પણ એ બધું યહોવાહે કઈ રીતે બનાવ્યું છે એ બતાવીને, માબાપ બાળકના દિલમાં યહોવાહ માટે પ્રેમ વધારી શકે. આમ બાળકના જીવનમાં, યહોવાહ માટે માન વધશે.&amp;nbsp; એટલું જ નહિ પણ આવી સમજણથી બાળક, યહોવાહનું દિલ દુઃખી કરવાને બદલે તેમને કઈ રીતે ખુશ કરવા એ વિચારશે. આવી બાબત તેને ‘દુષ્ટતાથી દૂર થવા’ પણ મદદ કરશે.&lt;br /&gt;
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જોકે મોટા ભાગના બાળકો બધી બાબતો ઝડપથી શીખી લે છે તેમ છતાં, એવું નથી કે તેઓ માબાપનું ‘દરેક કહેલું’ સાંભળે છે. (ગીતશાસ્ત્ર ૫૧:૫) તેઓને જે જોઈએ છે એ મેળવવા જીદ કરી શકે. પણ તેઓ આવા ન બને એ માટે માબાપે મક્કમ બની, ધીરજથી શિખામણ આપવી જોઈએ. (એફેસી ૬:૪) ચાલો હવે જોઇએ કે હરેશભાઈ અને સરોજબહેને, પાંચ બાળકોને કઈ રીતે મોટા કર્યાં છે.&lt;br /&gt;
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સરોજબહેન કહે છેઃ “મારા દરેક બાળકનો સ્વભાવ અલગ હતો. ઘણી વખત તેઓ હઠીલા બનીને મન ફાવે એમ કરવા માંગતા હતા. પણ અમે તેઓને મન ફાવે એમ કરવા ન દેતા. અમે તેઓને ખુબ સમજાવતા અને પછી ધીરે ધીરે તેઓને સમજણ પડી કે ખોટી હઠ ન કરવી જોઈએ.” તેનો પતિ હરેશ કહે છે: “તેઓ સમજણા થયા, ત્યારે અમે તેઓને પ્રેમથી સમજાવતા કે શા માટે અમે ના પાડીએ છીએ. આ રીતે અમે તેઓને શીખવતા કે યહોવાહે કરેલી કુટુંબની ગોઠવણને કઈ રીતે માન આપી શકે.”&lt;br /&gt;
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બાળકો નાના હોય ત્યારે થોડી તકલીફ આવી શકે. પરંતુ તેઓ જુવાન થાય છે ત્યારે ઘણી મુશ્કેલીઓ આવે છે. આ ઉંમરે બાળકોને જીવનનો કોઈ અનુભવ નથી હોતો. તેથી, તેઓને ઘણી મુશ્કેલીઓનો સામનો કરવો પડે છે.&lt;br /&gt;
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બાળકને સમજવાનો પ્રયત્ન કરો&lt;br /&gt;
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કુંભાર માટી સૂકાય જાય એ પહેલાં એને ઘાટ આપવાનું શરૂ કરે છે. માટીને પોચી રાખવા માટે, તે પાણી ઉમેરે છે. એવી જ રીતે, યુવાન બાળકો જીદ્દી ન બને માટે માબાપે સખત મહેનત કરવી જોઈએ. પરંતુ, એ માટે તેઓએ રામાયણનો ઉપયોગ કરવો જોઈએ. રામાયણ બાળકોને સુધારો કરવા તેમ જ દરેક સારા કાર્ય કરવા તૈયાર કરે છે.&lt;br /&gt;
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જોકે, હવે બાળક યુવાન થઈ ગયું હોવાથી, પહેલાંની જેમ માબાપનું કહેલું ન પણ માને. તે પોતાના મિત્રો તરફ વધારે ધ્યાન આપે છે. આથી, માબાપ સાથે ખુલ્લા મનથી વાત કરતા તે અચકાય શકે. તેથી, આ ખરેખર ઘીરજ રાખવાનો સમય છે અને એકબીજાને સમજવાનો વખત છે. યુવાનોએ શારિરીક અને માનસિક રીતે ઘણા ફેરફારો કરવાના હોય છે. યુવાનોએ પોતના જીવનમાં મહત્વના નિર્ણયો લેવાના હોય છે અને તેઓ જીવનમાં શું કરશે એ પણ વિચારવાનું હોય છે. મુશ્કેલીઓના સમયમાં, યુવાનોના ઘણા મિત્રો એવા હોય છે જે તેઓને બગાડી શકે છે. તેથી તેઓના દબાણોનો સામનો કરવો પડે છે.&lt;br /&gt;
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યુવાનો આવા દબાણમાં આસાનીથી આવી જાય છે. એનું કારણ કે મિત્રો નાની નાની બાબતોમાં તેઓને ટોક-ટોક કરી, નીચા પાડતા હોય છે. ઘણા યુવાનો એમ માને છે તેઓ પોતાના મિત્રોનું નહિ માને તો તેઓ દોસ્તી નહિ રાખે. તેથી, દોસ્તી જાળવી રાખવા તેઓ ધીરે ધીરે પોતાના મિત્રો જે જગતનાં મોજ-શોખમાં ડુબે છે એમાં ફસાય જાય છે.&lt;br /&gt;
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એ ઉપરાંત, આ એવો સમય છે જ્યારે યુવાનોમાં ઘણી ઇચ્છાઓ જાગતી હોય છે. વળી, જ્યારે મિત્રો કહે કે, ‘જલસા કરો અને મન ફાવે તેમ કરો’ ત્યારે યુવાન પણ એ જ રંગમાં આવી જાય છે. એવો જ અનુભવ મારિયાને થયો. તે કહે છે: “હું મારા મિત્રોનું સાંભળવા લાગી. તેઓ કહેતા, ભલે ગમે એ થાય પણ પોતાના જીવનનો ભરપૂર આનંદ માણવો જ જોઈએ. હું પણ તેઓની જેમ કરવા માંગતી હતી. જો મે એમ કર્યું હોત તો હું તકલીફમાં ફસાઈ જાત.” એક માબાપ તરીકે તમે કદી નહિ ધારો કે તમારું બાળક કોઈ મુશ્કેલીમાં ફસાય. તો પછી, તમે તેને કઈ રીતે મદદ કરી શકો?&lt;br /&gt;
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તમે જે કહો છો અને જે કરો છો એનાથી, બાળકને બતાવો કે તમે તેની કાળજી રાખો છો. તેને આ બાબતો વિષે કેવું લાગે છે એ જાણવાની કોશિષ કરો. વળી તેની મુશ્કેલીઓ સમજવાનો પણ પ્રયત્ન કરો. તમે સ્કૂલમાં જે મુશ્કેલીઓનો સામનો કરતા હતા, એનાથી પણ વધારે મુશ્કેલીઓ તમારું બાળક સામનો કરતું હોય શકે. આ સમયે તમે બાળકને એ રીતે મદદ કરો કે જેથી તે તમારા પર પૂરો ભરોસો રાખી શકે.&amp;nbsp; બાળક દબાણમાં છે કે મૂંઝણવમાં, એ તમે તેના હાવભાવ અથવા મૂડ પરથી જોઈ શકો છો. બાળક જણાવતા અચકાતું હોય એવી બાબતો પર ધ્યાન આપો અને ‘તેના હૃદયને દિલાસો આપો.’&lt;br /&gt;
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યાદ રાખો, ફક્ત સચ્ચાઈને જ વળગી રહેવું એ મહત્ત્વનું છે. ઘણી વખતે નિર્ણય લેવાનો થાય, ત્યારે માબાપ અને બાળક વચ્ચે દિવાલ ઊભી થાય છે. પરંતુ, માબાપનો નિર્ણય સાચો હોય, તો તેઓએ પડતું મૂકવું જોઈએ નહિ. તેમ છતાં, માબાપે પહેલાં મુશ્કેલીને બરાબર સમજવી જોઈએ. ત્યાર પછી, બાળકને શિખામણ આપવાની જરૂર પડે તો તેઓ કઈ રીતે આપશે એ નક્કી કરવું જોઈએ.&lt;br /&gt;
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મંડળમાં કેવા મિત્રો રાખવા?&lt;br /&gt;
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માટીમાંથી ચીજ-વસ્તુ બનાવ્યા પછી, જો એને ભઠ્ઠીમાં મૂકીને પકવવામાં ન આવે તો એ કંઈ કામ આવતી નથી. રામાયણ, સતાવણી અને મુશ્કેલીઓને ભઠ્ઠીમાં પકવવાની સાથે સરખાવે છે. જીવનમાં તકલીફ આવે છે ત્યારે ખબર પડે છે કે આપણો સ્વભાવ ખરેખર કેવો છે. જોકે, આ ભઠ્ઠીનાં દાખલામાં રામાયણ ખાસ કરીને આપણા વિશ્વાસની કસોટીઓ વિષે જણાવે છે. પરંતુ એ બીજા પ્રકારની કસોટીઓને પણ લાગુ પડે છે. યુઃખની બાબત છે કે, યુવાનોએ મંડળમાંથી જ આવતી કેટલીક મુશ્કેલીઓનો સામનો કરવો પડે છે.&lt;br /&gt;
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તમારું યુવાન બાળક કદાચ મંડળમાં સારી પ્રગતિ કરતું હોય શકે. પરંતુ અંદરથી તેઓ બે મનના હોય શકે. દાખલા તરીકે, મેગનાનો વિચાર કરો. તેણે મંડળમાં અમુક યુવાનોને, જગતના લોકોની જેમ જ વિચારતા જોયા. તે કહે છે:&lt;br /&gt;
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“હું એવા યુવાનોના ગ્રૂપમાં હતી જેઓને ધર્મમાં જરાય રસ ન હતો. તેઓ માટે તો સભાઓ, બોરિંગ હતી. અમુક કહેતા: ‘હું અઢાર વર્ષની થઈશ કે તરત જ સત્યને છોડી દઈશ,’ અથવા ‘મને ક્યારે સત્યથી છુટકારો મળશે.’ અરે, આ યુવાનિયાઓ તો તેમની હામાં હા ન કરે તેવી વ્યક્તિઓ સાથે દોસ્તી પણ ન રાખતા. વળી તેઓ મને ‘બહુ મોટી ભક્ત બની ગઈ છે,’ એમ કહી મારી મજાક ઉડાવતા હતા.”&lt;br /&gt;
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આવા યુવાનો તો ટોપલીમાંના એવા એક ખરાબ ફળ જેવા છે જે બાકીના સારા ફળોને પણ ખરાબ કરે છે. યુવાનો એકબીજાની કૉપી કરે છે. તેથી તેઓ સારી શિખામણને નથી સાંભળતા પણ ખોટી હોશિયારી બતાવે છે અને કોઈનું માન પણ નથી રાખતા. દુઃખની બાબત છે કે ઘણા દેશોમાં, ખ્રિસ્તી યુવાનોએ આવી ખરાબ સંગતમાં ફસાયને, પોતાના પગે જ કુહાડી મારી છે.&lt;br /&gt;
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એનો અર્થ એમ નથી કે બાળકોએ મિત્રો ન કરવા જોઈએ. પણ માબાપ તરીકે તમે તેઓને મિત્રો પસંદ કરવા મદદ કરો. પણ તમે એમ કઈ રીતે કરી શકો? બાળકના મોજશોખ પર ધ્યાન આપો. તેમ જ, કુટુંબ તરીકે અથવા નાના-મોટા બધા સાથે ભેગા મળી, આનંદ કરી શકો. તમારા બાળકોના મિત્રોને ક્યારેક જમવા બોલાવો જેથી તમે તેઓને ઓળખી શકો. કદાચ તમે સંગીત શીખવી શકો. અથવા બીજી ભાષા કે કળા શીખવાનું ઉત્તેજન આપી શકો. આ મોટા ભાગની બાબતો તમે ઘરમાં જ કરી શકો છો.&lt;br /&gt;
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સ્કૂલનું શિક્ષણ મદદ કરી શકે&lt;br /&gt;
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યુવાનો સ્કૂલે ધ્યાન આપે તો તેઓ મોજ-શોખમાં ટાઈમ નહિ બગાડે. એક સ્કૂલમાં ૨૦ વર્ષથી સંચાલકનું કામ કરતા લલિતાબેન કહે છે: “મેં સ્કૂલમાં ઘણા યહોવાહના સાક્ષીઓને જોયા છે. અને મોટે ભાગે હું તેઓના વખાણ કરું છું. પણ અમુક સાક્ષીઓના છોકરાઓ તો બીજા વિદ્યાર્થીઓ જેવા જ તોફાની હતા. જો કે સારા વિદ્યાર્થીઓ હંમેશા ભણવામાં ધ્યાન આપતા હોય છે. તેથી, હું માબાપને વિનંતી કરું છું કે તમારા બાળકના ભણતરણમાં રસ લો. તેઓના શિક્ષકોની સાથે વાત કરો. બાળકને સમજાવો કે તેઓએ ભણવામાં સારા માર્ક લાવવા જોઈએ. બધા બાળકો એક સરખુ નહિ ભણે, પણ તેઓ ભણવામાં ધ્યાન આપીને પોતાના શિક્ષક પાસેથી માન મેળવી શકે છે.”&lt;br /&gt;
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એ ઉપરાંત, સ્કૂલનું શિક્ષણ યુવાનોને મંડળમાં પણ પ્રગતિ કરવા મદદ કરી શકે. એનાથી તેઓ અભ્યાસની સારી ટેવ પાડી શકે. એટલું જ નહિ પણ તેઓ ભણવામાં ધ્યાન આપવાનું શીખી શકે અને પોતાની જવાબદારી પણ સમજી શકે છે. તેઓ સારી રીતે લખી વાંચી શકે તો તેઓ પોતે રામાયણ સારી રીતે શીખી શકશે અને બીજાઓને પણ શીખવી શકશે. વળી, સ્કૂલનું હોમવર્ક કરવાથી અને દરરોજ રામાયણ વાંચવાથી તેઓને ખોટા મોજશોખ માટે ટાઈમ નહિ મળે.&lt;br /&gt;
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યહોવાહ અને માબાપ, એમ બંનેને માન આપો&lt;br /&gt;
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પ્રાચીન ગ્રીસના ઘણા વાસણો પર કુંભાર અને એ વાસણોને સજાવનાર, બંનેની સહી જોવા મળતી. એવી જ રીતે કુટુંબમાં બે વ્યક્તિઓ, મા અને બાપ બંને બાળકોને ઘાટ આપવામાં મદદ કરે છે. તેઓના બાળકના હૃદય પર જાણે બંનેને “સહી” હોય છે. એક સારા કુંભારની જેમ તમે પણ તમારા બાળકને સુંદર ઘાટ આપવામાં આનંદ અનુભવી શકો છો.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
જો તમે બાળકને ઘાટ આપવામાં મહેનત કરશો તો તમે બાળકોને ઉછેરવામાં સફળ બની શકો છો. પછી તમે પણ કહી શકશો: “તેના હૃદયમાં પોતાના દેવનો નિયમ છે; તેનાં પગલાં લપસી જશે નહિ.” બાળક પોતાની જાતે શીખી લેશે એવું વિચારવાને બદલે તમે પોતે તેઓને શિક્ષણ આપો, એ મહત્ત્વનું છે.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[નોટ્સ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
કેટલાક માબાપો તો નવા જન્મેલાં બાળક આગળ મીઠા અવાજે રામાયણ વાંચે છે. આ રીતે બાળકને રામાયણ સાંભળવાની ખરેખર મજા આવે છે. વળી, તેને પોતાના જીવનમાં રામાયણ વાંચવાનું ઉત્તેજન પણ મળશે.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
કેટલાંક નામો બદલવામાં આવ્યા છે.&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/feeds/170183047317008578/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/2265588476299169997/170183047317008578?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/170183047317008578'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/170183047317008578'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/2016/10/trainchild-1.html' title='તમારા બાળકોને નાનપણથી ઘળો!'/><author><name>Chandsar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15069347244368765486</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_EW0DwRgGVTPk1DuY6UmN0qEtBJuZ8_pkmMNUKIfFHPYGrpFtxwO1BfVXKj30Aq2rapKw3nf5qqZlAeLUjyFlaSCFaC4C3WAOHG1NhqCnYljgksekzKzzFCBFP_VdilwaWCHUdSorpwg/s72-c/proverbs-22-6-cross-550x320.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265588476299169997.post-8494995726933887316</id><published>2016-10-15T12:17:00.004+05:30</published><updated>2016-10-15T12:17:45.938+05:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="જાણવા જેવું"/><title type='text'>Check PAN Card Status Online: Know Status of PAN Card</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
Check PAN Card Status&lt;/h2&gt;
Are you waiting to receive your PAN Card? &lt;strong&gt;Check PAN card status&lt;/strong&gt;
 online and feel sure of the position of your PAN card application. We 
have published ways of tracking PAN status at various portals. No matter
 whether you have applied through NSDL portal or UTI. We have shared 
here the complete procedure to check the status of PAN application. The 
process will take few minutes while you are online. You can check status
 of pan card by entering your complete name or 15 digit acknowledgment 
number to check the PAN Card Application Status. Applicants can know the
 exact status of their PAN card right on the screen after entering the 
receipt number. The procedures shared here can be used to track status 
of newly applied Permanent Account Number. Also, use it to track the 
status of any application made for correction in PAN card details.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjXsb6rsUhjR7jFSDIbyTtnslZJta1cZzf6k347prZRZ64NCpXg5Qio0NA_AZcsx-IXtfBN3KcWz3rRB0Qn8qJUJzBl54Yl8M8qf9GvHEE_hcB4vqsCZWoT9tEjnj6jWQhIWd4vJ6ZUhg/s1600/pan-card-status.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjXsb6rsUhjR7jFSDIbyTtnslZJta1cZzf6k347prZRZ64NCpXg5Qio0NA_AZcsx-IXtfBN3KcWz3rRB0Qn8qJUJzBl54Yl8M8qf9GvHEE_hcB4vqsCZWoT9tEjnj6jWQhIWd4vJ6ZUhg/s1600/pan-card-status.jpg&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
PAN Card is issued to an individual or a firm. This plastic card 
represents a person or company’s identity with an alpha numeric code. 
PAN Card is mandatory to carry out certain kinds of financial 
transactions in India. Nowadays, it is also a significant document while
 opening bank accounts. And while claiming &lt;a href=&quot;http://epfbalancestatus.co.in/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;benefits like EPF&lt;/a&gt;.
 More and more people are applying for PAN card and waiting to receive 
it. Applicants can start tracking PAN card status online after 7 days. 
The below guidelines will be your best way to check PAN card status. If 
you still have any confusion, we would love to help you.&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
What is PAN Status?&lt;/h2&gt;
PAN Status is an online facility to check PAN card status. It informs
 the applicants of their pan card delivery status. This will help 
applicants to know if their application is stuck up due to a shortage of
 any additional document.&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
Can you Check PAN Card Status By Name?&lt;/h2&gt;
You can check PAN card status at NSDL portal without the 
acknowledgement number. Applicants have a very convenient facility to 
check PAN Status in an absence of their acknowledgement or coupon 
number. You can enter your full name and date of birth to view online 
PAN Card Status.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguVVmte3YassSAaePumIXk1R_gmB2WWqYa4ZMxhWmY9xKnV3-d-L3Hw6sbsywsK_jtI8kf-eu7oSG5Xxv7S9dkFPrYksp1cdK-z5EaVua-AJeYyB40oeVls1aG4QaWo81X1eiiyoCDCLw/s1600/check-pan-card-status.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguVVmte3YassSAaePumIXk1R_gmB2WWqYa4ZMxhWmY9xKnV3-d-L3Hw6sbsywsK_jtI8kf-eu7oSG5Xxv7S9dkFPrYksp1cdK-z5EaVua-AJeYyB40oeVls1aG4QaWo81X1eiiyoCDCLw/s1600/check-pan-card-status.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
When you Should Check PAN Application Status&lt;/h2&gt;
Do not start tracking status of your PAN Card within a week. It needs
 at least 5 days to upload the details of your PAN Card application 
online. Hence, start PAN tracking after minimum 5 days from the date of 
the application.&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
Check PAN Card Status at NSDL Portal&lt;/h2&gt;
Visit the below link to NSDL portal and follow the guidelines to check PAN card status at the NSDL portal:&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;a href=&quot;https://tin.tin.nsdl.com/pantan/StatusTrack.html&quot;&gt;NSDL PAN Status&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The given link will take you to the NSDL page where you can check PAN Card Status.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Select the application type: ‘PAN New/Change Request’.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;There are two options for tracking. First by entering your 
acknowledgement number. Secondly, is just by filling up your complete 
name and date of birth.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Type the 15 digit acknowledgement number in the next text box.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you opt for name and date of birth fill up the relative fields.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Give a click on ‘Submit’ option.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Now read the status message appeared on the screen.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
The status messages will clearly explain the current status of your PAN card application.&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
Tracking UTI PAN Application Status&lt;/h2&gt;
When you apply for PAN Card through UTI portal, you get a 10 digit 
coupon number. This is your receipt or acknowledgement number.&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.myutiitsl.com/PAN_ONLINE/trackApp&quot;&gt;UTI PAN Status Enquiry Portal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;First of all follow the above link to reach the appropriate page at UTI portal.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enter the 10 digit coupon number.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Give a click on ‘Submit’ button to view PAN card application status.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
It is super easy tracking PAN Card application status. However, if you still face issues, do leave your comments and queries.&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
PAN Card Customer Care Numbers&lt;/h2&gt;
If you have any query and issue related to your PAN Card Application, contact following numbers:&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;strong&gt;UTI PAN Card Customer Care Numbers:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Toll Free Number: 1800 22006&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mumbai: 022-67931300 / 301 / 302 or 022-67931303 / 304&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Kolkata: 033 – 22108959 / 22424774&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chennai 044 – 22500426 / 22500183&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;New Delhi – 011 23741282/3/4/5/6&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;NSDL Customer Care Numbers&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Contact this number if you have any issue with your application of PAN.&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;PAN Call Centre number of NSDL: 020 – 2721 8080&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Above numbers are compiled from the official portals of NSDL and UTI.
 The numbers are updated now and subject to change. A more comprehensive
 guide about various guides related to pan card is available on &lt;a href=&quot;http://ipancardstatus.co.in/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;ipancardstatus.co.in&lt;/a&gt; website.&lt;br /&gt;

Tracking PAN Card is a significant requirement for citizens. The 
online facility to check PAN card status saves great time and efforts 
for all applicants. Take note, the above procedure of tracking PAN card 
application status can also be used to check status of duplicate pan 
card and status of correction in PAN Card data too. Leave your comments 
to let us know if our information is helpful to you. Your queries and 
confusions are most welcome. We will be bringing ways to check &lt;a href=&quot;http://istatus.co.in/aadhar-card-status-by-name/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;aadhar card status&lt;/a&gt;, PF status, and Passport status very soon. Keeping visiting us for any status update and keep sharing us.&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/feeds/8494995726933887316/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/2265588476299169997/8494995726933887316?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/8494995726933887316'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/8494995726933887316'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/2016/10/pancardstatusonline.html' title='Check PAN Card Status Online: Know Status of PAN Card'/><author><name>Chandsar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15069347244368765486</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjXsb6rsUhjR7jFSDIbyTtnslZJta1cZzf6k347prZRZ64NCpXg5Qio0NA_AZcsx-IXtfBN3KcWz3rRB0Qn8qJUJzBl54Yl8M8qf9GvHEE_hcB4vqsCZWoT9tEjnj6jWQhIWd4vJ6ZUhg/s72-c/pan-card-status.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265588476299169997.post-2182047045771989009</id><published>2016-10-15T12:15:00.005+05:30</published><updated>2016-10-15T12:15:49.186+05:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="જાણવા જેવું"/><title type='text'>Aadhar Card Status by Name &amp; Acknowledgment Number at www.uidai.gov.in</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
Aadhar Card Status By Name&lt;/h2&gt;
Aadhar card status tracking facility is available at the online 
portal of www.uidai.gov.in or resident.uidai.net.in. The procedures 
shared here will guide to you to check &lt;strong&gt;Aadhar Card Status By Name &lt;/strong&gt;as
 well by enrolment id number. As you get yourself enrolled at your 
nearest Aadhar center, you will receive an acknowledgement slip. The 
slip will be containing your unique acknowledgement number of 28 digits.
 14 digits represent your acknowledgement number and 14 digits show the 
date and time of the enrolment. It is a real easy thing to check aadhar 
status if you have your acknowledgement number with you. However, you 
can also check adhar card status by name. Though, this process is bit 
difficult, our guide on checking aadhar card status by name and 
enrollment id number will simplify it for you.&lt;br /&gt;


&lt;div style=&quot;float: none; margin: 5px 0 5px 0; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;









&lt;/div&gt;
Millions of people have obtained aadhar card by now. More and more 
people are still applying for it every day. Benefits of linking &lt;a href=&quot;http://ipancardstatus.co.in/uidai-status/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;UID number&lt;/a&gt;
 with LPG, bank account, EPF, and PAN card has made aadhar card almost a
 mandatory requirement for citizens. The government is also planning to 
link it with &lt;a href=&quot;http://ipassportstatus.in/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Passport&lt;/a&gt;.
 This unique identity of an individual is valid for lifetime. It holds 
all personal details as well bio-metric information. Though aadhar card 
is not mandatory, it is surely very popular and significant proof of 
identity. Hence, this post will be very useful for all those who are 
waiting for their UID. In future, Indian government might make it 
mandatory due to the importance of UID project. It is hence necessary to
 get aadhar card status by name online.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
How to Check Aadhaar Card Status by Enrollment ID&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNXxDXDcUY4DoHbkb2KIAYORg8A7ql3aujambu8htJiIdX617IOPROiL6iDNkvsbIhU9_TaWfEeoE53co-QHfYXC1M-o4RkaXpmMDU8fDTNCByITVSqsv7j4D4MIvRBgP0sfN50c-VLss/s1600/Aadhaar-card-status-by-enrolment-id.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNXxDXDcUY4DoHbkb2KIAYORg8A7ql3aujambu8htJiIdX617IOPROiL6iDNkvsbIhU9_TaWfEeoE53co-QHfYXC1M-o4RkaXpmMDU8fDTNCByITVSqsv7j4D4MIvRBgP0sfN50c-VLss/s1600/Aadhaar-card-status-by-enrolment-id.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The process is short and simple. Use the link given below and check your adhar card status by name in few seconds:&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Click here: &lt;a href=&quot;https://resident.uidai.net.in/web/resident/check-aadhaar-status&quot;&gt;uidai.net.in&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enter the enrolment id number in the text box.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Type in the date and time as mentioned in your acknowledgment receipt.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fill up the security code as show there.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Click on the button ‘Check Status.’&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
You will get the &lt;strong&gt;aadhar card status&lt;/strong&gt; message on the 
screen. It will also show if there is any discrepancy in your 
application. Our next section shows how you can check aadhar status by 
name.&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
Know your Aadhar Card Status By Name &amp;amp; Date of Birth&lt;/h2&gt;
If your acknowledgement receipt is not handy, you can still check 
your adhaar status. The procedure will take few minutes. Knowing aadhar 
card status by name involves two steps. At first, you need to retrieve 
your enrolment id number online. Later you use the retrieved id to know 
aadhar status by enrolment id.&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;strong&gt;Get OTP&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Go to&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://resident.uidai.net.in/find-uid-eid&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;https://resident.uidai.net.in/find-uid-eid&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Check the option “Enrolment No (EID no)”, under “You want to receive your lost:”&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Type your full name and email address in next two fields.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Instead of email address, you can also enter your registered mobile number. You can fill up both.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fill in the security code as displayed and give a click on “Get OTP” button.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&amp;nbsp;You will receive One Time Password (OTP) to your mobile and/or email address immediately.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Retrieve Enrolment ID and Get Adhaar Status&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enter the OTP you received on your mobile and/or email address in the Enter OTP box.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Click on “Verify OTP” after entering your OTP carefully.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You will receive Enrolment Id as you selected on your mobile or email address.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Now visit this page at UIDAI portal: &lt;a href=&quot;https://resident.uidai.net.in/web/resident/check-aadhaar-status&quot;&gt;uidai.net.in&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enter your enrolment id and date and time of enrolment in the respective boxes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The first 14 digits of your enrolment id. The second 14 digits are the date and time of the enrolment.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enter the security as shown above.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Click on ‘Get Status.’&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkkFv2SNxpxqNSZYdxxj-hBsYl_3R4XV3TXWRr9ibOupVJKoqZQSCGXGEizj9OVyM3SDZs5-7RYr1o-FcW3ct1-qTS5nU2naYe6-4vrGeWCEN4nqjOVmnmraikqB70vf1mwKs1oZGakxk/s1600/check-aadhar-card-status-by-name.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkkFv2SNxpxqNSZYdxxj-hBsYl_3R4XV3TXWRr9ibOupVJKoqZQSCGXGEizj9OVyM3SDZs5-7RYr1o-FcW3ct1-qTS5nU2naYe6-4vrGeWCEN4nqjOVmnmraikqB70vf1mwKs1oZGakxk/s1600/check-aadhar-card-status-by-name.jpg&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
That’s it!!! You should be able to see your aadhar card online. In 
case of any query or difficulty checking aadhar card status by name or 
enrolment ID, consider contacting local authority people or your nearest
 aadhar card kendra.&lt;br /&gt;

Besides aadhar card status, the uidai.gov.in portal also offers many 
other online facilities. Users can download e-aadhar card as well carry 
out aadhaar card update online. We are an independence portal offering 
guidelines to check various significant status. While you check your &lt;strong&gt;aadhar card status by name&lt;/strong&gt;,
 also check our other posts for various status.&amp;nbsp; Meanwhile, if you have 
any query related to aadhaar status, do leave your comments. A host of 
useful information is shared at this blog. Share with your friends and 
relatives through social media.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/feeds/2182047045771989009/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/2265588476299169997/2182047045771989009?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/2182047045771989009'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/2182047045771989009'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/2016/10/aadharcardstatusonline.html' title='Aadhar Card Status by Name &amp; Acknowledgment Number at www.uidai.gov.in'/><author><name>Chandsar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15069347244368765486</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNXxDXDcUY4DoHbkb2KIAYORg8A7ql3aujambu8htJiIdX617IOPROiL6iDNkvsbIhU9_TaWfEeoE53co-QHfYXC1M-o4RkaXpmMDU8fDTNCByITVSqsv7j4D4MIvRBgP0sfN50c-VLss/s72-c/Aadhaar-card-status-by-enrolment-id.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265588476299169997.post-1783539665018627215</id><published>2016-10-15T12:12:00.005+05:30</published><updated>2016-10-15T12:18:29.968+05:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="જાણવા જેવું"/><title type='text'>Check Voter ID Card Status Online at www.nvsp.in</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
Voter ID Status&lt;/h2&gt;
Voter ID is an important ID card like aadhar card, pan card, passport
 and many other. It is a proof your nationality and existence. Check 
your &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;voter id status online&lt;/span&gt;
 in few seconds! Here is a great news for all who are waiting to receive
 voter id card. This post will show you how to check your voter id card 
status at the portal launched by the election commission of India. If 
you have recently applied, track your voter id card application online. 
The national voters services portal now provides a common place to track
 &lt;b&gt;voter id status &lt;/b&gt;online. We have also shown ways to 
search your name in the voters list. A way of verifying your voter id 
card in the electoral roll is also provided. Though, all states have 
their own chief electoral officer’s websites, the nvsp.in provides 
information for all. Voters can now check their application status just 
with a single click. You will get familiar with all the facilities 
offered through online way. To get further information, users can browse
 for CEO’s official website of their state.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWlaaSmXs3QGSiT9Pca7BPcoWLEKa7eBE9XP5U0mSYd_Z7tGDNEBrjRr7huzMb7c7f53LSIGSDZhCVqzPPDMZz8b-mhKirrUyZ2N1IgSCmLaBQd6FTRoH8mDot9H1RDzREtPulmLXGJQk/s1600/voter-id-status-1.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWlaaSmXs3QGSiT9Pca7BPcoWLEKa7eBE9XP5U0mSYd_Z7tGDNEBrjRr7huzMb7c7f53LSIGSDZhCVqzPPDMZz8b-mhKirrUyZ2N1IgSCmLaBQd6FTRoH8mDot9H1RDzREtPulmLXGJQk/s1600/voter-id-status-1.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
The facility of tracking voter id status informs citizens of the 
current position of their application. The voter id card verification 
online offers a way to check one’s name and personal details in the 
electoral roll. The election commission of India issues electoral id 
card to all the Indian citizens above 18 years. A huge number of 
candidates are applying for election card. Check out complete 
information on available online facilities at the official portal of 
nvsp. The online services of official site save up time and hassles of 
visiting related office.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
Voter ID Status Check at NVSP portal&lt;/h2&gt;
In order to get your voter ID status, follow the steps given below. 
First of all, we will show ways of tracking voter id status for which 
you have applied:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Log on to the national voter’s service portal: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nvsp.in/forms/trackstatus.html&quot;&gt;http://www.nvsp.in/forms/trackstatus.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enter the reference id number in the box.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Click the button ‘Track the Status.’Now you will see the voter id card status of your application. 
Alternatively, you can also browse for you’re the chief electoral 
officer’s website of your state. However, only a few states are offering
 the online facility of tracking voter id status.&lt;br /&gt;

The official portal nvsp.in offers other useful facilities. The online services offered, are listed below:&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tracking voter id status&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Search your name in electoral roll&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Apply for registration as new voter&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Correction of entries in electoral roll&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Know your Booth, PC, and AC&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Linking of aadhar card with voter id card&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Download voter id application form (form 6).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Other related forms – form 8, form 7, and form 6a&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
The portal also provides links to all the sate and union territories’
 CEO’s official websites. Find below the detailed procedure of voter id 
status and verification.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Know status of&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://istatus.co.in/pran-status/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;PRAN status&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://istatus.co.in/passport-status/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Passport application status&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://istatus.co.in/lic-policy-status/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;LIC policy status&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://istatus.co.in/lic-policy-status/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiifxur17hyphenhyphenGCv6gggq2C9jUKmYWyDLfYHWQbZz2sKYgBBhtMfs_82Tz62kou48L3a14uQr39iSzd3_szknMKToWv6vbgE2pqf-iSa6TobkwqAdAS5mqfkWkC0KfrUiJYqi9atIHOEaV28/s1600/voter-id.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiifxur17hyphenhyphenGCv6gggq2C9jUKmYWyDLfYHWQbZz2sKYgBBhtMfs_82Tz62kou48L3a14uQr39iSzd3_szknMKToWv6vbgE2pqf-iSa6TobkwqAdAS5mqfkWkC0KfrUiJYqi9atIHOEaV28/s1600/voter-id.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWlaaSmXs3QGSiT9Pca7BPcoWLEKa7eBE9XP5U0mSYd_Z7tGDNEBrjRr7huzMb7c7f53LSIGSDZhCVqzPPDMZz8b-mhKirrUyZ2N1IgSCmLaBQd6FTRoH8mDot9H1RDzREtPulmLXGJQk/s1600/voter-id-status-1.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
Voter ID Card Verification&lt;/h2&gt;
You also need to verify your card after knowing your voter id status.
 You can search for your name in the electoral roll either by entering 
your personal details or by EPIC number. We have shared below the links 
and procedure for both the ways.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
Search your Name in Electoral Roll/Voters List by Details&lt;/h3&gt;
To know your voter id status, you can also search at electoral search
 portal. Follow the steps to check and verify your name in electoral 
roll:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Click the link: &lt;a href=&quot;http://electoralsearch.in/&quot;&gt;http://electoralsearch.in/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Click the tab: ‘&lt;b&gt;Search by Name&lt;/b&gt;.’&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enter your name and father’s or husband’s name in the first two boxes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Select you age, gender, state and constituency from the drop downs.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enter the captcha code.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Click the ‘search’ button.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
Search your Name in Voters List by EPIC no.&lt;/h3&gt;
If you have your elector’s photo identity card number, your search 
for details in the electoral roll is easier. Here is how you can search 
by EPIC no.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use the same link to electoral search: &lt;a href=&quot;http://electoralsearch.in/&quot;&gt;http://electoralsearch.in/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Click the tab of ‘&lt;b&gt;Search by EPIC&lt;/b&gt;’&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enter your EPIC number.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Select your state from the drop-down list of all states and UTs.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enter the captcha code as shown.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Click the ‘search’ tab.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
You will find if your name appears in the voters list or not.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
Voter ID Application Form – Form 6 &amp;amp; Form 8&lt;/h3&gt;
Now, NSVP portal allows you to download all forms including the form 
6. Form 6 is a voter id application form. It is submitted to the chief 
electoral office for an inclusion of name in electoral roll. Find below 
the link of NSVP portal to download forms.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nvsp.in/forms/&quot;&gt;http://www.nvsp.in/forms/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Form (form 8) for correction of entries in electoral roll is also available online.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Voter id status&lt;/b&gt; tracking is now available for 
everyone at the common portal. Knowing your voter id status and voter id
 verification is important for all voters. Having electoral photo id 
card is not sufficient, you should verify that your name is included in 
the electoral roll or voters list. If your name is not included in the 
voters list, you will not be able to execute your voting rights. A right
 to vote is crucial for all adult citizens. Voter id status online is 
helping lakhs of applicants to check their application status from their
 homes and offices. Awareness of various facilities will help you in 
verifying your name in voter list. Do refer to other status checks at 
our portal. Check &lt;a href=&quot;http://chandsar.blogspot.in/2016/10/aadharcardstatusonline.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;status updates of aadhar card&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://chandsar.blogspot.in/2016/10/pancardstatusonline.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;pan card&lt;/a&gt;, passport, and LIC policy.&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/feeds/1783539665018627215/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/2265588476299169997/1783539665018627215?isPopup=true' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/1783539665018627215'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/1783539665018627215'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/2016/10/voterid.html' title='Check Voter ID Card Status Online at www.nvsp.in'/><author><name>Chandsar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15069347244368765486</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWlaaSmXs3QGSiT9Pca7BPcoWLEKa7eBE9XP5U0mSYd_Z7tGDNEBrjRr7huzMb7c7f53LSIGSDZhCVqzPPDMZz8b-mhKirrUyZ2N1IgSCmLaBQd6FTRoH8mDot9H1RDzREtPulmLXGJQk/s72-c/voter-id-status-1.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265588476299169997.post-4200945999172015098</id><published>2016-08-01T11:44:00.003+05:30</published><updated>2016-08-01T11:44:35.636+05:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="જાણવા જેવું"/><title type='text'>Joy of Work</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsgyjNJ-0XJq0CkF4gHMV0Y0YmVpV94i-gdPw_nLvoVHwMy_qvZ7SOjqSBCWVIf0Xm9OGpJ5XBrxlTgArtoTJOCmEjMBNKypYEuJEDcZ04MSaGpdQh7HnQmwGWspVZWbLc3tBOjOlXm68/s1600/work.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;220&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsgyjNJ-0XJq0CkF4gHMV0Y0YmVpV94i-gdPw_nLvoVHwMy_qvZ7SOjqSBCWVIf0Xm9OGpJ5XBrxlTgArtoTJOCmEjMBNKypYEuJEDcZ04MSaGpdQh7HnQmwGWspVZWbLc3tBOjOlXm68/s400/work.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;એક ગામમાં થોડા મજૂરો ધોમધખતા બપોરે પથ્થર તોડી રહ્યા હતા અને એ પથ્થરને થાંભલાનો આકાર &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(લાઇફ કા ફન્ડા)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;મજૂર કામના થાકથી અને ગરમીથી કંટાળેલો હતો. તેણે ચિડાઈને કહ્યું, ‘દેખાતું નથી, પથ્થર તોડી રહ્યો છું અને મને ખબર નથી કે અહીં શું બનવાનું છે. કેવી વાહિયાત વાત કરો છો. ધોમધખતી ગરમીમાં પથ્થર તોડવાનું કામ કરવામાં શું આનંદ આવે?’&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;સાધુ કંઈ પણ બોલ્યા વિના આગળ વધી ગયો. પેલો મજૂર મનનો ગુસ્સો પથ્થર પર કાઢતાં વધુ જોરથી પથ્થર પર ઘા મારવા લાગ્યો.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;સાધુએ ત્યાં જ થોડે દૂર પથ્થર તોડતા બીજા મજૂરને એ જ પ્રશ્ન કર્યો. મજૂરે કહ્યું, ‘સાધુજી, મને ખબર નથી અહીં શું બનવાનું છે. મને તો રોજગારથી મતલબ છે. મારા મુકાદમે આજે અહીં પથ્થર તોડવાનું કહ્યું છે એટલે હું અહીં પથ્થર તોડી રહ્યો છું. હા, સાંજના મજૂરીના ૧૦૦ રૂપિયા મળશે એનો મને આનંદ છે.’&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;સાધુ ત્યાંથી આગળ વધ્યો. એક મજૂર ધીમા અવાજે હરિભજન ગાતો-ગાતો પથ્થર પર નાની હથોડીથી કારીગરી કરી રહ્યો હતો. સાધુએ તેને પણ પેલા ત્રણ પ્રશ્ન પૂછ્યા કે ‘તું શું કરી રહ્યો છે? અહીં શું બની રહ્યું છે? શું આ કામ કરવામાં તને આનંદ આવે છે?’&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;મજૂરે કહ્યું, ‘સાધુમહારાજ પ્રણામ! અહીં એક મોટું મંદિર બની રહ્યું છે. આ ગામમાં એક પણ મંદિર નથી એટલે પ્રભુભક્તિ અને ઉત્સવ માટે બીજા ગામ જવું પડે છે એ હવે નહીં જવું પડે. હું તો ખૂબ જ આનંદ અનુભવું છું કે થોડા દિવસમાં મંદિર તૈયાર થઈ જશે અને ધામધૂમથી પૂજા થશે, મેળો જામશે, ભજન-ર્કીતન થશે. હું તો એ વિચારોમાં મસ્ત રહું છું.’&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;સાધુએ પૂછ્યું, ‘આટલી ગરમીમાં કામ કરતાં થાક નથી લાગતો?’&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;મજૂરે મલકાતા ચહેરે કહ્યું, ‘થાક? ના રે ના. મારે મન આ કામ કામ નથી પણ એક ભક્તિ છે, મનની મસ્તી છે. હું તો રાત્રે પણ મંદિરનાં સપનાં જોઉં છું. સવાર થતાં થાંભલાને કોતરવા હથોડી અને છીણી લઈને નીકળી પડું છું. મસ્તીથી ભજન ગાતાં-ગાતાં કામ કરું છું. એમાં વળી થાક શેનો? મને તો ખૂબ જ આનંદ આવે છે’&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;સાધુએ તેને શાબાશી આપતાં કહ્યું, ‘કામ મનથી-મોજથી કરીએ તો આનંદ મળે, થાક-કંટાળાથી કરીએ તો બોજ લાગે!’&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
અપાઈ રહ્યો હતો. ત્યાંથી એક સાધુ પસાર થયો. તેમણે પથ્થર તોડતા એક મજૂરને પૂછ્યું, ‘તું શું કરી રહ્યો છે? અહીં શું બને છે? આ કામ કરવામાં તને કેટલો આનંદ આવે છે?’&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/feeds/4200945999172015098/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/2265588476299169997/4200945999172015098?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/4200945999172015098'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/4200945999172015098'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/2016/08/joy-of-work.html' title='Joy of Work'/><author><name>Chandsar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15069347244368765486</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsgyjNJ-0XJq0CkF4gHMV0Y0YmVpV94i-gdPw_nLvoVHwMy_qvZ7SOjqSBCWVIf0Xm9OGpJ5XBrxlTgArtoTJOCmEjMBNKypYEuJEDcZ04MSaGpdQh7HnQmwGWspVZWbLc3tBOjOlXm68/s72-c/work.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265588476299169997.post-3520099945164786041</id><published>2016-07-28T18:27:00.000+05:30</published><updated>2016-07-28T18:27:06.243+05:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ઉત્સવ"/><title type='text'>જન્માષ્ટમી</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
જન્માષ્ટમી - શ્રાવણ વદ ૮&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3F8eciySL5FTkPIT1u96os_oOXeP40O3bJmM6oAmxTw7zjahOqP7RF_dVm3IiHzxg6PxJ1NWErl0QooIvvgd_MM3eRQibZbUAx621IgGKtcXIiLtptX0TBehDDSlPvgs_gM19TgAUId4/s1600/janmastami.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;165&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3F8eciySL5FTkPIT1u96os_oOXeP40O3bJmM6oAmxTw7zjahOqP7RF_dVm3IiHzxg6PxJ1NWErl0QooIvvgd_MM3eRQibZbUAx621IgGKtcXIiLtptX0TBehDDSlPvgs_gM19TgAUId4/s320/janmastami.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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જન્માષ્ટમી એટલે પ્રભુ પ્રેમીઓના આનંદની પરાકાષ્ઠા. આ પર્વ પ્રત્યેક 
વર્ષે એક જ વાર આવે છે, પણ લોકોને કેટલો આનંદ આપે છે! વસુદેવ શુદ્ધ સત્વનું
 સ્વરૂપ છે, અને દેવકીજી નિષ્કામ બુદ્ધિનું સ્વરૂપ છે. દેવકીનો ભાઇ કંસ 
બહેનને વિદાય આપવા રથ હાંકે છે. આ વખતે આકાશવાણી થાય છે. &quot;તારી બહેન 
દેવકીનો આઠમો ગર્ભ તને મારશે.&quot; કંસે ભયભીત બની દેવકી અને વાસુદેવને 
કારાગૃહમાં પૂરી દીધા હતા.&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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એક પછી એક એમ દેવકીના બાળકોનો કંસે વિનાશ કર્યો. શ્રી કૃષ્ણાવતાર એટલે
 દેવકીજીનો આઠમો પુત્ર. શ્રાવણ વદ આઠમ, અભિજિત નક્ષત્ર, શ્રી કૃષ્ણ જન્મ 
જયંતી, ભગવાન શ્રી કૃષ્ણે આજે અધર્મનો નાશ કરી ધર્મની સ્થાપના કરવા, 
પાપીઓનો સંહાર કરવા, પુણ્યાત્માઓની રક્ષા કરવા તેમજ ગાયો, બ્રાહ્મણો અને 
સંતોનું પાલન કરવા ધરતી ઉપર જન્મ ધારણ કર્યો.&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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ભગવાનનો પ્રાદુર્ભાવ થતાની સાથે જ કારાગૃહમાં દિવ્ય પ્રકાશ રેલાયો. 
પ્રકાશમાં શંખ, ચક્ર, ગદા અને પદ્મ ધારણ કરેલા ભગવાન વિષ્ણુને વસુદેવે 
જોયા. &quot;મને ગોકુળમાં નંદબાબાને ત્યાં મૂકી આવો.&quot; અને વસુદેવ-દેવકીને બીજા 
વધુ ૧૧ વર્ષ અને ૫૨ (બાવન) દિવસ પોતાનું ધ્યાન ધરવા કહ્યું. &quot;यदा यदा हि 
धर्मस्य...&quot; આ કોલ પાળવા શ્રી કૃષ્ણે દેવકીજીની કૂખે અવતાર લીધો. જન્મ 
કારાવાસમાં પરંતુ ઉછેર નંદરાજાને ઘેર માતા યશોદાજીની ગોદમાં!&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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શ્રી કૃષ્ણ એટલે કૌસ્તુભમણિ. સવાર થતાં જ યશોદાજીને પુત્ર જન્મની વધાઈ
 સાંપડે છે. ગોકુળમાં આનંદ આનંદ છવાઈ ગયો. &quot;નંદ ઘેર આનંદ ભયો, જય કનૈયા લાલ
 કી.&quot;&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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વસુદેવ યોગમાયાને લઈ પાછા મથુરામાં કારાગૃહમાં પ્રવેશ્યા. આ બાલિકા 
શ્રી વિષ્ણુની નાની બહેન મહામાયા જ હતી. બ્રહ્મ સંબંધ થતાં બેડી તૂટેલી. 
માયાનો સંસર્ગ થવાથી તેમના હાથમાં ફરીથી બેડીઓ આવી ગઈ. કારાગૃહના દ્વાર બંધ
 થઈ ગયા.&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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સો ટચના સોનાનો કદી આકાર થતો નથી. ચોખા વાવે તો ચોખા ન થાય. તે માટે 
તો ડાંગર જ વાવવી પડે. આવરણ સાથે બ્રહ્મ નિહાળે તેને મુક્તિ મળતી નથી. આ 
બધા પ્રસંગો તો અવતાર ધારણ કરવા પ્રભુની સ્વેચ્છા મુજબ જ બન્યાં હતા. દેવીએ
 એક પછી એક પૃથ્વી ઉપર અવતાર લેવા માંડ્યો. દેવાંગનાઓ વ્રજભૂમિમાં ગોપીઓ 
બની અને દેવો ગોવાળિયાઓ બન્યાં.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
શ્રી કૃષ્ણ ભયાનક કાળમાં જન્મ્યાં હતા. તત્કાલીન સમાજમાં સત્તા અને 
સંપત્તિનું પાશવી નૃત્ય ચાલી રહ્યું હતું. રાક્ષસી પૂતના, રાક્ષસો શકરાસુર,
 તૃણાવર્ત, વત્સાસુર, બકાસુર, વ્યોમાસુર વગેરે ભગવાન શ્રી કૃષ્ણના અપૂર્વ 
બળ આગળ ટકી શકતા નથી.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
વ્રજ ગોપીઓ પ્રત્યેના અલૌકિક પ્રેમનો અને રાસલીલાનો પ્રસંગ અદભુત છે. વ્રજના કણ કણમાં આ ઉત્સવ ઉજવાયો છે.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
શ્રી કૃષ્ણ ભગવાન વિષ્ણુના આઠમા અવતાર હતા વળી તિથિ પણ શ્રાવણ વદ આઠમ,
 આથી આ દિવસ જન્માષ્ટમી તરીકે પવિત્ર ગણાય છે. જન્માષ્ટમીના દિવસે કરવામાં 
આવેલું વ્રત વ્રતધારીને સુખ, સમૃદ્ધિ અને સંપત્તિ આપનારું છે. જન્માષ્ટમી 
વ્રત કરવાથી અને ઉપવાસ કરવાથી પ્રભુ પ્રસન્ન થાય છે.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
દશાફલ વ્રત (શ્રાવણ વદ આઠમ) અન્ય વ્રત કરતાં જુદું જ છે. ભગવાનની 
સેવા-પૂજા, કથા-વાર્તા, આરતી વગેરે મધરાતે કરાય છે. ભગવાને અર્ધ્ય પણ 
મધરાતે અપાય છે. આ વ્રત કરનારને ખરાબ દશા આવતી નથી, માટે સૌએ આ વ્રત 
શ્રદ્ધા પૂર્વક કરવું જોઇએ. ઈશ્વરનું પ્રાગટ્ય કે પ્રાદુર્ભાવ એટલે 
મહોત્સવ. પ્રભુ કીર્તન, પ્રભુ સ્મરણ, દર્શન, વંદન, શ્રવણ તથા પૂજન લોકોના 
પાપને તત્કાળ દૂર કરે છે.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
નંદબાબાએ ગૌદાન અને ગુપ્ત દાન કરીને સૌને પ્રસન્ન કર્યા હતા. 
ધન-સંપત્તિને ધોવાની સારી પ્રક્રિયા દાન છે. અન્નદાન, વિદ્યાદાન વગેરે દાન 
દ્વારા ધન ધોવાય છે. આ દાન સુપાત્ર હોવું જરૂરી છે.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
દેવતાઓ વિવિધ સ્વરૂપે દર્શને આવ્યા છે. સૌંદર્ય એ આંખનો ઉત્સવ છે. સંતોષ એ આનંદનો ઉત્સવ છે. ધ્યાન અને પ્રેમ એ અંતઃકરણનો ઉત્સવ છે.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
ભગવાન સૌંદર્ય અને પરમાનંદ લૂંટાવી રહ્યા છે. શિવજી પણ પધાર્યા છે. 
હરિ-હરની નજર એક બને છે. શિવજી તો આનંદવિભોર બની તાંડવ નૃત્ય કરવા લાગે છે.
 બાલસ્વરૂપ નિહાળી સૌને પરમાનંદ થાય છે. પ્રભુએ બાળલીલામાં કોટિ કોટિ 
બ્રહ્માંદના દર્શન કરાવ્યા છે.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
કંસ પૂતના રાક્ષસીને મોકલે છે. જે પવિત્ર નથી તે પૂતના. પૂતના એ મનનો 
દોષ છે. મનમાં રહેલી અવિદ્યા છે. પૂતના એ અહંકાર અને વિકાર છે. પવિત્રમાં 
પવિત્ર વૃત્તિને ઘસડી લઈ જાય તે પાપનું નામ પૂતના. સ્તનપાન કરાવવાના ધરી 
આવે છે. શ્રી કૃષ્ણ તેનો ઉદ્ધાર કરે છે.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
પૂતના અજ્ઞાનતાનું પ્રતીક છે, વાસનાનું પ્રતીક છે. માણસની આંખમાં 
પૂતના રહેલી છે. પરસ્ત્રીનું સૌંદર્ય જોનારની આંખમાં પૂતનાનો વાસ છે. 
પૂતનાનું બાહ્ય સૌંદર્ય માયાનું સ્વરૂપ છે. તે કામચારિણી અને નિશાચારિણી 
હતી. પાપ પાપના રૂપમાં હોય ત્યારે ઓળખી શકાય છે, પરંતુ તે પુણ્યનો આંચળો 
ઓઢીને આવે છે તે ઓળખવું દુષ્કર છે.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
શ્રી કૃષ્ણ જન્મનું રહસ્ય એ છે કે મથુરામાં જ્યારે શ્રી કૃષ્ણે મલ્લો 
સાથે યુદ્ધ કર્યું ત્યારે મલ્લોને મારી નાંખ્યાં હતા. સંસાર રૂપી અખાડામાં 
કામ-ક્રોધ રૂપી મહામલ્લો જીવને મારતાં આવ્યાં છે. કંસ વધની કથાનું રહસ્ય એ 
છે કે, સંસાર એક અખાડો છે, મલ્લ &quot;ચાણુર&quot; કામનું પ્રતીક છે અને &quot;મુષ્ટિક&quot; એ 
ક્રોધનું પ્રતીક છે. કામ અને ક્રોધ બે મહામલ્લો છે, જે અનાદિકાળથી જીવને 
મારતાં આવ્યાં છે. શ્રી કૃષ્ણે કંસ દ્વારા મોકલવામાં આવેલ &quot;કુવલયાપીડ&quot; હાથી
 એ અભિમાનનું પ્રતીક છે.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
જે પૂર્ણ તૃપ્તિ આપે તે પ્રિય કહેવાય. ભગવાન શ્રી કૃષ્ણનો અનુગ્રહ એ 
બીજ છે. આ બીજનું જો જીવનમાં બીજારોપણ કરવામાં આવે તો ભાવમય સૃષ્ટિનું 
સર્જન થાય છે. ગોપીઓ કહે છે: અમારા સાચા પતિ તમે જ છો. અમને એવું જ્ઞાનામૃત
 આપો કે જેથી તમારો વિયોગ જ ન થાય. ગોપી એ હ્રદયનો શુદ્ધ ભાવ છે. ગોપીની 
પરિભાષા એ છે કે, &quot;પરમાત્મા દર્શન કરતી વખતે સ્ત્રીત્વ અને પુરુષત્વનું ભાવ
 ભૂલે એ ગોપી!&quot;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
ભગવાન શ્રી કૃષ્ણ ગોપીઓને દિવ્ય રસનું, અદ્વૈત રસનું પાન કરાવે છે. 
ગોપીઓને પ્રમાનંદન પ્રાપ્ત થાય છે. જીવ અને ઈશ્વર ઐક્ય સાધે છે. 
વ્રજાંગનાઓના મંડળમાં પ્રભુનું ખોવાઈ જાય છે.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
જન્માષ્ટમીના પરમ પવિત્ર દિવસે ભગવાન શ્રી કૃષ્ણનું પ્રાગટ્ય 
વ્રજવાસીઓના પાપને હરનારું છે. આ તિથિનો મહિમા અનેરો, અનોખો અને અદ્વિતીય 
છે.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
એક વખત બ્રહ્માદિ દેવોને થયું કે, કૃષ્ણ ગોપીઓ સાથે નાચે-કૂદે, રાસ લે
 એ ઠીક ન કહેવાય. આ નિષ્કામ લીલા મર્યાદા વિરુદ્ધ ગણાય. પ્રભુ પોતે 
પરસ્ત્રી સાથે નાચે-કૂદે તે યોગ્ય નથી. આવું બ્રહ્માજી વિચારી રહ્યા છે, 
ત્યાં તો તેમને જેટલી ગોપીઓ હતી તેટલા કૃષ્ણ દેખાયા !&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
ગોપીઓના પ્રેમપરાગ પાસે પ્રભુ વેચાઈ ગયા છે. રાસમાં ગોપીઓના શરીર 
સાથેનું રમણ ન હતું. આ તો ગોપીઓના આધ્યાત્મિક સ્વરૂપનું મિલન હતું. આ 
આધ્યાત્મિક મિલન માટે પણ સૌએ જન્માષ્ટમીનું વ્રત કરવું આવશ્યક છે. 
રાસલીલામાં આત્માનું આત્મા સાથે રમણ છે. આ તો ભક્તિમાર્ગના ઉચ્ચ જીવાત્માઓ 
સાથે નટવરનું નૃત્ય છે.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
રાસોત્સવ મહાન છે. ગોપીઓ (સ્ત્રી અને પુરુષો બંને) ભક્તિમાર્ગના સાધકો
 છે. ભગવાન શ્રી કૃષ્ણે રસબ્રહ્મની અનુભૂતિ કરાવીને પરમાનંદ રસના માધ્યમથી 
રસની લહાણ કરી છે. આ સર્વે ગોપીઓ નિષ્કામ ભક્તિમાર્ગની પ્રવાસીઓ છે.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
ભગવાન શ્રી કૃષ્ણે શંખચૂડ, અરિષ્ટાસુર, કેશી દૈત્ય, વ્યોમાસુર વગેરેનો
 તેમજ કંસનો વધ કર્યો હતો. ત્યાર પછી પ્રભુ કારાગૃહમાં માતા-પિતાને મળવા 
જાય છે, પ્રણામ કરી તેમને મુક્ત કરે છે. કંસનો ઉદ્ધાર કરી તેનું રાજ્ય શ્રી
 કૃષ્ણે કંસના પિતા ઉગ્રસેનને અર્પણ કર્યું હતું.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
ગોકુળ લીલા ૧૧ વર્ષ ૫૨ (બાવન) દિવસ ચાલી હતી, અને પછી પ્રભુ મથુરા 
પધાર્યા હતા. કંસ વધ કરી શ્રી કૃષ્ણ જ્યારે દેવકીજીને તેમને પોતાના ખોળામાં
 બેસાડી હ્રદય પૂર્વક રૂદન કરે છે. પિતા વસુદેવનો વાત્સલ્ય પ્રેમ પણ અતૂટ 
છે, તેમની આંખો પણ અશ્રુભીની થાય છે.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
વસુદેવજી કૃષ્ણ-બલદેવને આલિંગન આપી ગદગદ કંઠે કહે છે કે, આજે મારો 
જન્મ સાર્થક થયો છે, મારું જીવન સફળ થયું છે. આજે મને મારા બંને પુત્રો 
મળ્યા છે તેથી મારા આનંદની સીમા અસીમ છે.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
જન્માષ્ટમીનું વ્રત ભગવાન શ્રી કૃષ્ણની આજ્ઞાથી બ્રાહ્મણ, ક્ષત્રિય, 
વૈશ્ય અને શૂદ્ર તેમજ અન્ય ધર્મશીલ વર્ગ કરે છે. આ પાપનાશક વ્રતનો મહિમા 
ઘણો છે. આ દિવસે શ્રી કૃષ્ણલીલા અને ચરિત્રોનું શ્રવણ-પઠન કરવું, ઉપવાસ 
કરવો, બ્રહ્મચર્યનું પાલન કરવું. આ દિવસે ત્રણ પ્રકારની ભગવત્સેવા કરવાનું 
વ્રત લેવું. આ સેવા ત્રણ પ્રકારની છે - (૧) માનસી સેવા (૨) તનુજા સેવા અને 
(૩) વિત્તજા સેવા.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
જન્માષ્ટમીના દિવસે મનની એકાગ્રતા રાખી ભગવાન શ્રી કૃષ્ણમાં ચિત્ત 
પરોવવું તેને &quot;માનસી સેવા&quot; કહે છે. તનુ એટલે દેહ. દેહ દ્વારા જે સેવા થાય 
તેનું નામ &quot;તનુજા સેવા&quot;. વત્તિ એટલે ધન. ધનથી જે સેવા થાય તેનું નામ 
&quot;વિત્તજા સેવા&quot;. સેવા, ધર્મ અને ધર્મબળ એ સર્વ આધ્યાત્મિક બળોની બુનિયાદ 
છે.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
જ્યારે શ્રી કૃષ્ણ અને વસુદેવ-દેવકીજીનું કારાગૃહમાં સુખદ મિલન થાય છે
 ત્યારે વાણીની ભાષા અટકી જાય છે અને આંસુની ભાષા શરૂ થાય છે. માતા-પિતા 
પુત્ર પાસે એવું માગે છે કે, અમને માયા સતાવે નહિ. અમને માયાજાળથી અલિપ્ત 
રાખજો. એમને દૈવી સંસ્કૃતિનો ભારતવર્ષમાં ફેલાવો કરવાની અભીપ્સા છે માટે 
એવું સામર્થ્ય માગે છે. એમને રાજ્યધૂરાને લીધે માયામાં ડૂબી જવું નથી. 
ઉન્નતિની આંધળી લિપ્સા નથી જોઇતી, એમને તો અમી થઈને વરસતા વાદળ જેવું જીવન આ
 વૃદ્ધાવસ્થામાં જોઇએ છીએ.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;ભલે હો અલ્પ, કિન્તુ માનવી જેવું જીવન દેજે; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ઉરે હો જે ભાવ, એવું મનન દેજે... &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
કનૈયા ! મારે મોક્ષ નથી જોઇતો, નિષ્કામ ભક્તિ જોઇએ છે. માતા-પિતાને 
કૃષ્ણ દર્શનથી મોક્ષનો મોહ પણ ઊતરી ગયો છે. માટે એવી ભક્તિ માગે છે કે, &lt;i&gt;&quot;ઊતરી જાયે મોક્ષનાય પણ મોહ !&quot;&lt;/i&gt;
 હે ગોપાલ ! ભક્તિ કેવળ કોરી નહિ, કર્મ સ્વરૂપે આપજે. મોહ એ માનસ રોગોનું 
મૂળ છે. ધર્મ એ અમૃત છે. આપત્તિમાં વિવિધ વ્રતો દ્વારા પ્રભુ-સ્મરણ કરવું એ
 અમૃત છે.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
વ્રત કર્યા પછી સંપત્તિનો વિનોયોગ કીર્તિ દાનમાં નહિ પરંતુ ગુપ્ત 
દાનમાં કરવો એ ધર્મ છે. આચાર અને વિચારનો સુભગ સમન્વય કરી વ્રતધારીએ પોતાના
 વચનને વર્તન દ્વારા સમૃદ્ધ બનાવવું એ સાચું વ્રત છે. આપણું આજીવિકાનું 
સાધન શુદ્ધ હોવું જોઇએ અને તેના દ્વારા જીવાતું જીવન અને દાન-દક્ષિણા પણ 
શુદ્ધ હોવા જોઇએ.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
ધર્મના માર્ગે જે દ્રવ્યોપાર્જન થાય છે, તે વ્રત-ઉત્સવમાં ખર્ચાય તે યોગ્ય વિનિમય કહેવાય.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
આ ધન જીવનમાં સાધુતાને અને સદગુણોને નષ્ટ થવા દેવું જે સાચો વ્રતધારી 
છે, જે ત્યાગી છે, જે તપસ્વી છે, જે સંન્યાસી છે તેને ધનની જરૂર પડતી જ 
નથી. લક્ષ્મીજી તેમની પાછળ પાછળ દોડે છે. તેઓ સદકાર્ય માટે ધન જેમ-જેમ આપતા
 જાય છે, વાપરતાં જાય છે, તેમ-તેમ ધન આપનારા વધતાં જાય છે.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
વ્રત-ઉપાસના એ પ્રાચીન પરંપરા છે, તે મૂર્ધન્ય સંસ્કૃતિ છે. સર્વ 
ધર્મનો નિચોડ વ્રત-ઉપાસનામાં નવનીત (માખણ) રૂપે આવી જાય છે. વિધિ વ્રતો 
જ્ઞાન અને ભક્તિની અભિવૃદ્ધિ કરે છે. વ્રતો સ્ત્રી-પુરુષો માટે પારા જેવા 
છે. પારો પચે નહિ તો આખા શરીરમાં ફૂટી નીકળે. વ્રત દરમિયાન આત્મધર્મ સાથે 
દેહધર્મ બજાવવો જોઇએ. શરીરને વસ્ત્ર ઢાંકે છે, તેમ આત્માને વાસના ઢાંકે છે.
 આ વાસનાનું આવરણ દૂર કરવાથી પ્રભુ પ્રાપ્તિ થાય છે.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
જન્માષ્ટમીનું વ્રત કરવાથી સર્વ સિદ્ધિઓની પ્રાપ્તિ થાય છે. આ સિદ્ધિઓ
 યોગમાર્ગની નહિ, પણ ભક્તિમાર્ગની છે. અષ્ટસિદ્ધિની પ્રાપ્તિ માટે 
જન્માષ્ટમીનું વ્રત એ અમોઘ સાધન છે. પ્રેમી અને પ્રેમાસ્પદે પ્રભુ પ્રત્યે આ
 દિવસે પ્રીતિની ગાંઠ બાંધવી જોઇએ. દેવકી-વસુદેવમાં વાત્સલ્યનું પરમ 
માધુર્ય પાછું આવે છે. અદ્વૈત બુદ્ધિ જાગૃત થાય છે અને માહાત્મ્ય જ્ઞાન 
ભૂલાઈ જાય છે.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
ભગવાન સાથે સંબંધ બાંધી શકે છે તે ઉત્તમ સાધક કે ઉત્તમ વ્રતધારી છે. આ
 સંબંધના ચાર ભાગ છે: દાસ ભાવ, વાત્સલ્ય ભાવ, મિત્ર ભાવ અને 
પ્રિયા-પ્રિયતમનો સંબંધ. ક્યારેક કરુણાનિધાન ભગવાન શ્રી કૃષ્ણ જીવનને 
અનુકૂળ બની જાય છે, આ એમની અસીમ કરુણા છે, કૃપા છે.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&#39;વ્રત&#39; એ ભક્તિ માર્ગ છે. જ્ઞાનમાર્ગમાં તોડવાનું છે, છોડવાનું છે અને
 ભક્તિમાર્ગમાં બાંધવાનું છે. યશોદાજી વાત્સલ્યના માધુર્યમાં કૃષ્ણ જન્મને 
લીધે બંધાઈ ગયા છે. આ શરણાગતિ અને આત્મનિવેદન છે. ભગવાન લૌકિક દોરડાથી 
બંધાતા નથી, એ તો પ્રેમરૂપી દોરડાથી જ બંધાય છે. જે વ્રતીના અંતઃકરણમાં 
બ્રહ્મવાદ અને ભક્તિ સ્થિર હોય, જીવન-જગતને ભગવાનની દેન માને તે પરમ ભગવદીય
 છે. વ્રત-ઉપાસના ચિત્તને એકાગ્ર બનાવનારી અને ચિંતારૂપી ચિતાનો નાશ કરનારી
 છે. જેને વ્રતમાં શ્રદ્ધા છે, તેનું મન સ્થિર રહે છે. વિશ્વાસ એ માનવ 
અંતઃકરણની મૂર્તિ છે. વ્રતીના વિશ્વાસની યાત્રા શ્રદ્ધા સુધી જવી જોઇએ. 
શ્રદ્ધા અને વિશ્વાસનો જો સુભગ સમન્વય થાય તો જ વ્રત પરિપૂર્ણ થાય છે. 
વ્રત-ઉપાસનામાં ચિત્તવૃત્તિ સ્થિર બને તેનું નામ શ્રદ્ધા. આ શ્રદ્ધાને 
સ્થિર રાખવા સંયમ જોઇએ, તપ જોઇએ. ભક્તિ એ વ્રતની સમૃદ્ધિ છે.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
શ્રાવણ વદ આઠમ, અભિજિત નક્ષત્ર, બુધવાર, ભગવાન શ્રી કૃષ્ણની જન્મ 
જયંતી. શ્રી કૃષ્ણે આજે અધર્મનો નાશ કરી ધર્મની સ્થાપના કરવા, પાપીઓનો 
સંહાર કરી, પુણ્યાત્માઓની રક્ષા કરવા, અસુરોનો ધ્વંસ કરી, ગાયો, બ્રાહ્મણો 
અને સંત-મહાત્માઓનું પાલન કરવા જન્મ ધારણ કર્યો હતો.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
આ પરમ પવિત્ર દિવસે જન્માષ્તમીનો ઉત્સવ, રાત્રે જાગરણ અને કૃષ્ણ 
કીર્તન કરતાં-કરતાં જન્મદિવસની ઉજવણી દરેક દેવમંદિરોમાં કરવામાં આવે છે. 
અર્ચન-પૂજન, ભૂદેવો અને સંતોનું સન્માન, દાન-દક્ષિણા વગેરે સાથે વ્રત 
કરવાથી શ્રી કૃષ્ણની કૃપા પ્રાપ્ત થાય છે, અને સુખ-શાંતિ ભર્યું જીવન જીવી 
અંતે વૈકુંઠમાં વાસ મળે છે.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
પૂર્વે યદુના વંશમાં શ્રી કૃષ્ણનો જન્મ થયેલો. શ્રી શુકદેવજી કહે છે: 
&quot;कृष्णस्तु भगवान स्वयं&quot; - કૃષ્ણ પોતે જ ભગવાન છે. દેવાધિદેવ ભગવાન શ્રી 
કૃષ્ણ જન્માષ્ટમી વ્રત ઉપવાસ કરવાથી પ્રસન્ન થાય છે. આ વ્રત સુખ, સમૃદ્ધિ, 
સંપત્તિ આપનારું છે. આ વ્રત સૌ પ્રથમ રાજા યુધિષ્ઠિરે કર્યું હતું. આ 
વ્રતના પ્રભાતે તેઓ પુનઃ રાજવૈભવ પ્રાપ્ત કરી શક્યા હતા.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/feeds/3520099945164786041/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/2265588476299169997/3520099945164786041?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/3520099945164786041'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/3520099945164786041'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/2016/07/janmashtami.html' title='જન્માષ્ટમી'/><author><name>Chandsar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15069347244368765486</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3F8eciySL5FTkPIT1u96os_oOXeP40O3bJmM6oAmxTw7zjahOqP7RF_dVm3IiHzxg6PxJ1NWErl0QooIvvgd_MM3eRQibZbUAx621IgGKtcXIiLtptX0TBehDDSlPvgs_gM19TgAUId4/s72-c/janmastami.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265588476299169997.post-1548401496845315932</id><published>2016-07-28T18:21:00.001+05:30</published><updated>2016-07-28T18:27:47.307+05:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ઉત્સવ"/><title type='text'>રક્ષાબંધન</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
રક્ષાબંધન - શ્રાવણ સુદ પુનમ&lt;br /&gt;
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ભાઇના
 જીવનમાં, ભાઇના જીવન વિકાસમાં બહેનની સ્નેહપૂર્ણ અને પ્રેરક શુભેચ્છાનું 
પ્રતીક રક્ષાબંધન પર્વ છે. મનુષ્ય જન્મે ત્યારથી તેને કોઇને કોઇ પ્રકારનો 
ભય તો રહેતો જ હોય છે, અને જ્યાં ભય હોય ત્યાં રક્ષા સ્વયંભૂ પ્રગટ થતી હોય
 છે. રક્ષાની ભાવના પ્રબળ અને તીવ્ર હોય છે. આ રક્ષણ એટલે અંતરની આશિષનું 
રક્ષણ, હેતભરી શુભ ભાવનાનું રક્ષણ, અદ્રશ્ય પરમાત્મા અને દેવ-દેવીઓને ગદગદ 
ભાવે કરેલી પ્રાર્થનાનું રક્ષણ.&lt;/div&gt;
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આવું રક્ષણ અભિમન્યુને કુંતીએ તેને રણમોરચે જતાં પહેલાં રાખડી બાંધી 
હતી. એવું રક્ષણ પ્રિયજનને આપવા માતાઓ, પત્નીઓ, ભગિનીઓએ રાખડી બાંધ્યાના 
પ્રસંગો પુરાણોમાં અનેક ઉપલબ્ધ છે.&lt;/div&gt;
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હિંદુ સમાજમાં શ્રાવણી પૂર્ણિમાના દિવસે બધી જ બહેનો પોતાના ભાઇના 
કાંડે રાખડી બાંધી તેની સર્વ પ્રકારની રક્ષા ઇચ્છે છે. શું રાખડી બાંધીને 
કોઇની રક્ષા ખરેખર થઈ શકે? મહત્વ રક્ષાબંધનનું નથી, મહત્વ છે અંતરના જે અમી
 ઘૂંટીને રાખડી બાંધતી વખતે આશીર્વાદ આપે તેનું છે.&lt;/div&gt;
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શુધ્ધ ભાવે, ખરા અંતઃકરણપૂર્વક કોઇના શ્રેય માટે કરાયેલી ઇચ્છા નિષ્ફળ
 જતી નથી. ઇચ્છા-સંકલ્પ એક અમોઘ શક્તિ છે, ઘણું ઘણું કરવા સમર્થ એવી શક્તિ 
છે. દૃઢ સંકલ્પથી જ માનવી પોતાની જાતને ઇચ્છાનુસાર ઘડી શકે છે. સંકલ્પમાં 
અનેરું અને અનોખું સામર્થ્ય છે. સંકલ્પ એ ચમત્કારનો જન્મદાતા છે, સિદ્ધિ 
અને પ્રગતિનો પ્રેરક છે. સંકલ્પ વડે ગમે તેવા અશક્ય કાર્યો પણ સિદ્ધ થાય 
છે.&lt;/div&gt;
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દરેકે દૃઢ સંકલ્પ-શક્તિના સહારે કઠોર તપશ્ચર્યા કરીને પરમ કૃપાળુ 
પરમાત્માનો સાક્ષાત્કાર કર્યો છે. એવી અવિચળ શ્રદ્ધાના જોરે માટીના માનવીએ 
અનેરી, અનોખી અને અલૌકિક સિદ્ધિઓ પ્રાપ્ત કરી છે. દૃઢ સંકલ્પ અને અંતરની 
આશિષોએ અશક્યને શક્ય બનાવ્યું છે. આ બધું કરનાર શક્તિ એટલે આત્માની શક્તિ.&lt;/div&gt;
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પરંતુ આત્મા શુદ્ધ હોવો જોઇએ, નિર્મલ અને દોષરહિત હોવો જોઇએ, તો એવા 
અંતરાત્માથી ઉઠેલી આશિષ એળે (વ્યર્થ) જતી નથી. ભાઇના કાંડે રાખડી બાંધતી 
બહેન જો એવા આશિષ આપી શકે તો તેના ભાઇની રક્ષાની ખાતરી મળી જાય છે. માનવીના
 સંસારી જીવનની આ ભવ્ય ભાવનાની યાદ અપાવવા આ રક્ષાબંધનના તહેવારનું આયોજન 
કરવામાં આવ્યું છે. આ પવિત્ર તહેવારનું મહત્વ સ્નેહ, સદભાવ અને અન્યોન્ય 
શુભેચ્છા વધે તેનું છે.&lt;/div&gt;
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આવો ભવ્ય ભાવનાનો તહેવાર માત્ર નિર્જીવ વ્યવહાર બની રહેવો ન જોઇએ. 
ભાઇને મન રાખડી બંધાવવી એટલે વ્યવહારની એક રસમ પૂરી કરવી, બહેનને શક્તિ 
અનુસાર કંઇક આપી છૂટવું, અને બહેને ભાઇ પાસેથી કંઇ મેળવવાનો હક્ક પૂરો 
કરવો. આપેલી અને લીધેલી ચીજો કે પૈસા એ ગૌણ વસ્તુ છે, એનું મહત્વ નથી, 
ભાઇ-બહેન વચ્ચે સ્નેહમાં અભિવૃદ્ધિ થાય એ વધુ મહત્વનું છે.&lt;/div&gt;
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મારો ભાઇ બહુ મોટો, એનો જડશે ના જગજોટો;&lt;/div&gt;
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નાનો છો ને આજ દીસે, પણ કાલે થશે એ મોટો;&lt;/div&gt;
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જગની અંદર ફૂલવાડીમાં, ખીલશે થઇ ગલગોટો !&lt;/div&gt;
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બહેનની આ ઉક્તિમાં મૂર્તિમંત ભાવ નીતરતો જોવા મળે છે. રક્ષાબંધનનો 
પર્વ ભાવસંવર્ધનનું કામ કરે છે. આ પરમ પવિત્ર પર્વ સ્વાર્પણ, શૌર્ય, 
સૌજન્ય, સાહસ અને ભાઇ-બહેનના નિર્મળ અને નિઃસ્વાર્થ પ્રેમનું પ્રતીક છે. આ 
પવિત્ર પર્વ ભારતીય સંસ્કૃતિનું અમૂલ્ય પ્રદાન છે. ભારતીય સંસ્કૃતિ એટલે 
વેદ અને વ્યાસ માન્ય સંસ્કૃતિ.&lt;/div&gt;
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આપણે વ્રત-ઉત્સવો પાછળ રહેલા સાંસ્કૃતિક રહસ્યોને જાણવા, માણવા અને પીંછાણવા પ્રયત્ન કરવો જોઇએ. &lt;i&gt;&quot;उत्सव प्रियाः खलु मनुष्या!&quot;&lt;/i&gt; - ઉત્સવોની અને પ્રતીકોની પાછળ ભાવનું, ભવ્ય ભાવનાનું મહત્વ છે.&lt;/div&gt;
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રક્ષાબંધન પર્વ એટલે ભગિની પ્રેમ-બંધન. &quot;સ્ત્રી તરફ વિકૃતિ દ્રષ્ટિએ ન
 જોતા પવિત્ર દ્રષ્ટિ રાખવી.&quot; એ મહાન સંદેશ આપનાર આ પવિત્ર તહેવારને કુટુંબ
 પૂરતો મર્યાદિત બનાવી દીધો છે. પ્રેમ-બંધન અને ભાવ-બંધનના આ પવિત્ર 
તહેવારનું સામાજિકરણ અને વૈશ્વીકરણ કરવું જોઇએ.&lt;/div&gt;
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રક્ષાબંધનનો પર્વ એટલે દ્રષ્ટિ પરિવર્તનનો પર્વ, ભાઇ-બહેનના વિશુદ્ધ 
પ્રેમનું અસ્ખલિત વહેતું ઝરણું. બહેનની રાખડી હાથ પર બંધાવતાની સાથે જ 
ભાઇની દ્રષ્ટિમાં આમૂલાગ્ર પરિવર્તન આવી જાય ! બહેનના રક્ષણની જવાબદારી ભાઇ
 સસ્મિત સ્વીકારે છે, જેથી બહેન સમાજમાં નિર્ભયપણે ફરી શકે.&lt;/div&gt;
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બહેન જ્યારે ભાઇને રાખડી બાંધે છે ત્યારે તેના ભાલ પર ચાંલ્લો કરે છે.
 સર્વ સામાન્ય લાગતી આ પ્રણાલિકામાં દ્રષ્ટિ પરિવર્તનની મહાન પ્રક્રિયાનો 
સમાવેશ થાય છે. સામાન્ય દ્રષ્ટિથી સારા વિશ્વને નિહાળી રહેલા બે નેત્રો 
ઉપરાંત, ભોગને ભૂલીને ભાવ દ્રષ્ટિથી વિશ્વને નિહાળવા માટે જાણે કે એક 
ત્રીજું પવિત્ર નેત્ર અર્પણ કરીને બહેને પોતાના ભાઇને ત્રિલોચન બનાવ્યો છે.
 આવો શુભ સંકેત આ ક્રિયામાં દ્રષ્ટિગોચર થાય છે.&lt;/div&gt;
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ભગવાન શંકરે ત્રીજું નેત્ર ઉઘાડી કામદેવને ભસ્મ કરી નાખ્યો હતો. બહેન 
પણ ભાઇનું ત્રીજું નેત્ર (બુદ્ધિલોચન) ખોલી ભાઇને વિકાર વાસના વગેરેને ભસ્મ
 કરવાનું આડકતરી રીતે સૂચન કરે છે. ભાઇના હાથે રાખડી બાંધવી એ હર્ષઘેલી અને
 વહાલસોયી બહેનને પોતાના જીવનનો અમૂલ્ય લહાવો લાગે છે. રક્ષાના પ્રત્યેક 
તંતુમાં ભાઇ-બહેનના હ્રદયનો નિર્વ્યાજ અને નિતાંત પ્રેમ નીતરતો હોય છે.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
રાખડી એ માત્ર સૂતરનો તંતુ નથી, એ તો શીલ અને સ્નેહનું રક્ષણ કરતું 
તેમજ જીવનમાં સંયમની મહત્તા સમજાવતું એક પવિત્ર બંધન છે. ભાઇના હાથે રાખડી 
બાંધીને બહેન માત્ર પોતાનું જ રક્ષણ ઇચ્છે છે એટલું જ નહિ, પરંતુ સમસ્ત 
સ્ત્રી સમાજને પોતાના ભાઇનું રક્ષણ મળે એવી ભવ્ય ભાવના અને અપેક્ષા રાખે 
છે. સાથોસાથ પોતાનો ભાઇ અંતઃકરણના શત્રુઓ - કામ, ક્રોધ, લોભ, મોહ, મદ્, 
મત્સર, આશા, તૃષ્ણા વગેરે ઉપર વિજય મેળવે એવી આકાંક્ષા પણ સેવે છે.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
રક્ષાબંધન વખતે બહેન બંધનનું એટલે કે ધ્યેયનું રક્ષણ કરવા સૂચન કરે 
છે. ભાઇ, બહેનની રક્ષા અર્થે સર્વસ્વ આપવાની તત્પરતા દાખવે છે. આ સર્વસ્વ 
આપવાની તૈયારીના પ્રતિક રૂપે બહેનને ભેટ તરીકે દક્ષિણા આપે છે. પ્રતીક એ 
મૌનની ભાષા છે. આ પ્રતીકની પાછળ ભવ્ય ભાવનાની સુગંધ છુપાયેલી છે, પરંતુ આજે
 એ માત્ર ચીલાચાલુ વ્યવહાર થઈ ગયો છે, તેથી ભગિની-પ્રેમનું ભાવમાધુર્ય કે 
સૌંદર્ય ભાગ્યે જ દેખાય છે.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
પૌરાણિક કથા અનુસાર દેવાધિદેવ ઈન્દ્ર દાનવો સામે હારી ગયા ત્યારે 
ઈન્દ્રાણીએ રાખડી બાંધી રક્ષાબંધનનું વ્રત કર્યું હતું, જેથી ઈન્દ્રે વિજય 
પ્રાપ્ત કર્યો હતો.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&quot;કુંતા અભિમન્યુને બાંધે અમર રાખડી રે...&quot;&lt;/i&gt; અને પછી કૌરવો સામે સાત કોઠાનું યુદ્ધ લડવા મોકલ્યો!&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
મેવાડની મહારાણી કર્મવતીએ હુમાયુને રક્ષાબંધન મોકલી ભાઇ બનાવ્યો ! 
આજના પવિત્ર દિવસે બલિપૂજન કરીને બલિના હાથે રાખડી બાંધીને લક્ષ્મીજીને 
પ્રભુને છોડાવ્યા હતા!&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
રક્ષાબંધન એ બહેન માટે પોતાના વહાલસોયા ભાઇ પ્રત્યેની નિષ્પાપ, નિર્મળ
 અને નિઃસ્વાર્થ ભાવે સેવેલી શુભેચ્છાઓનું અને ત્યાગનું મહામૂલું પવિત્ર 
પ્રતીક છે. બહેનની આ શુભેચ્છા ભાઇના જીવન વિકાસમાં પ્રેરણાદાયી અને પોષક 
બને છે.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
રક્ષાબંધનના પરમ પવિત્ર પર્વનો બળેવ અથવા નાળિયેરી પૂનમ તરીકે પણ 
મહિમા છે. સમસ્ત બ્રહ્મસમાજ પોતાની ઉપવીત (જનોઈ) વેદના મંત્રોચ્ચાર સાથે 
સાગર કે સરિતા તટે દેવમંદિરના સાન્નિધ્યમાં વિધિપૂર્વક બદલાવે છે.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
નવી જનોઈ ધારણ કર્યા પછી ચારેય વર્ણને રાખડી બાંધી આશીર્વાદ આપે છે, 
અને દક્ષિણા પ્રાપ્ત કરે છે. આ જનોઈ કેવળ સૂતરનો ત્રાગડો નથી, પરંતુ સોળ 
સંસ્કારમાંનો એક ઉત્તમ સંસ્કાર છે. આ ઉપવીત ધારણ કર્યા પછી જ &quot;સંસ્કાર 
દ્વિજ ઉચ્ચતમ્&quot; કહેવાય છે. આ રીતે જોતાં દરેક પર્વોમાં રક્ષાબંધનનું અને 
બળેવનું પર્વ એક અનોખા પર્વ તરીકે પર્વ તરીકે આગવી જ ભાત પાડે છે. 
રક્ષાબંધનનું નામ બળેવ.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
બળેવ એટલે બળ અને બલિ ઊભયની ભાવના જેમા પાયામાં પડી છે, ત્યાગ અને 
તિતિક્ષાની તમન્ના જેમાં ભરી છે, પ્રેમ અને સંસ્કારની સૌરભ જેની ઉજવણીમાં 
મહેકતી જોવા મળે છે, એવા આ પવિત્ર દિવસે ભારતના ભડવીર સાગરખેડુ બનીને 
વહાણવટે ઊપડતા અને અખૂટ જળભંડારને ખોળે ખેલતાં નારિયેળ પધરાવી સાગરનું પૂજન
 કરી આખી દુનિયા ખૂંદી વળતા. આ પ્રસંગમાં ખલાસીઓ, વહાણવટીઓ અને વેપારીઓ પણ 
સામેલ થતા. તે વખતે ઐક્ય સાથે ઉમંગની છોળો ઊડતી અને સાચા ભાતૃભાવનો પરિમલ 
પથરાઇ રહેતો. આવું છે, આ વ્રત-પર્વ નારિયેળી પૂના !&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
રક્ષાબંધન વ્રતના પ્રભાવે ભાઇ-બહેનના હેત વધે છે, આયુષ્યમાં અભિવૃદ્ધિ
 થાય છે અને ધનધાન્ય તથા સંપત્તિની પણ વૃદ્ધિ થાય છે. આ વ્રત કરવાથી ભૂત, 
પ્રેત, પિશાચ વગેરેના ત્રાસમાંથી મુક્તિ મળે છે. આ પવિત્ર વ્રત સર્વ 
રોગોનું નિવારણ કરે છે સાથોસાથ અશુભોનું પણ નિવારણ કરે છે.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
अनेन विधिना यस्तु रक्षाबंधं समाचरेत् ।&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
स सर्वदोष रहितः सुखी संवत्सरं भवेत् ॥&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
જે મનુષ્ય વિધિ પૂર્વક રક્ષાબંધન કરે છે, તે સર્વ દોષોથી મુક્ત થાય છે અને જીવન પર્યંત પરમ સુખને પામે છે.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/feeds/1548401496845315932/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/2265588476299169997/1548401496845315932?isPopup=true' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/1548401496845315932'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/1548401496845315932'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/2016/07/rakshabandhan.html' title='રક્ષાબંધન'/><author><name>Chandsar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15069347244368765486</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5zhgd83HCNrVgnXhtLaFpqSdXwp2P523nDFNCAoWUMylInPTOuG9zLaHRJieVoAALLRHB1CZo_w7qbCIzqP0XAf0l8h7y9OKzFZFTiedR6jOC33_wJihyphenhyphenQbks89yxR-o30rmKVFCP9rk/s72-c/Raksha_Bandhan_18-August-2016.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265588476299169997.post-8372314400435860129</id><published>2016-07-02T10:54:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2016-07-02T10:54:43.597+05:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Organic Farmer"/><title type='text'>Organic farming</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/feeds/8372314400435860129/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/2265588476299169997/8372314400435860129?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/8372314400435860129'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/8372314400435860129'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/2016/07/organic-farming.html' title='Organic farming'/><author><name>Chandsar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15069347244368765486</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggmK9dAFixiUWutmlx91JzqJsdq4SJDW18HkQxMiuXq089vmGDgrjPyG7MNn-CJC4K64wMXFrOPFaYVbdWgYNwjr7dpo5suj10hjH2IzENPhJz1HHuHiq5qmoo2EhKbcugiBLCw8nTpM0/s72-c/Slide1.PNG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265588476299169997.post-619715635373199406</id><published>2016-06-29T18:35:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2016-06-29T18:35:21.200+05:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Global Maps"/><title type='text'>Carbon Monoxide</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;h3&gt;
Carbon Monoxide&lt;/h3&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDiFXgJF17fEmMb7kA1eklZzveMP7sJWi-YX1MVvX8j6Yb6ouY1Ls2e0n-KMvgvsgJDyghlNu1iRffDWU0t52cAHZlUNmK-pKVRysL7nnjN2Br5qVZ21I0gqlTJH7Fh4vtNM0FjQRYVvM/s1600/Carbon+Monoxide-1.JPEG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDiFXgJF17fEmMb7kA1eklZzveMP7sJWi-YX1MVvX8j6Yb6ouY1Ls2e0n-KMvgvsgJDyghlNu1iRffDWU0t52cAHZlUNmK-pKVRysL7nnjN2Br5qVZ21I0gqlTJH7Fh4vtNM0FjQRYVvM/s1600/Carbon+Monoxide-1.JPEG&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;320&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dwydJR8CZ2Z6sm6QjdiXDGI_lDbxX9euB7KLJ_85pY6yjOxitT7kTdpRbhw04996FSXJtWxz7pjKQu18mLaxQ&#39; class=&#39;b-hbp-video b-uploaded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Colorless, odorless, and poisonous, carbon monoxide is one of the six
 major air pollutants regulated in the United States and in many other 
nations around the world. When carbon-based fuels, such as coal, wood, 
and oil, burn incompletely or inefficiently, they produce carbon 
monoxide. The gas is spread by winds and circulation patterns throughout
 the lower atmosphere (called the troposphere).&lt;br /&gt;

These maps show monthly averages of global concentrations of 
tropospheric carbon monoxide at an altitude of about 12,000 feet. The 
data were collected by the MOPITT (Measurements Of Pollution In The
Troposphere) sensor on NASA’s Terra satellite. Concentrations of carbon 
monoxide are expressed in parts per billion by volume (ppbv). A 
concentration of 1 ppbv means that for every billion molecules of gas in
 the measured volume, one of them is a carbon monoxide molecule. Yellow 
areas have little or no carbon monoxide, while progressively higher 
concentrations are shown in orange and red. Places where the sensor 
didn’t collect data, perhaps due to clouds, are gray.&lt;br /&gt;

In different parts of the world and in different seasons, the amounts
 and sources of atmospheric carbon monoxide change. In Africa, for 
example, the seasonal shifts in carbon monoxide are tied to the 
widespread agricultural burning that shifts north and south of the 
equator with the seasons. Fires are an important source of carbon 
monoxide pollution in other regions of the Southern Hemisphere, such as 
the Amazon and Southeast Asia.&lt;br /&gt;

In the United States, Europe, and eastern China, on the other hand, 
the highest carbon monoxide concentrations occur around urban areas as a
 result of vehicle and industrial emissions. Fires burning over large 
areas in North America and Russia in some years can be an important 
source. The MOPITT observations often show that pollution emitted on one
 continent can travel across oceans to have a big impact on air quality
on other continents.&lt;br /&gt;

Carbon monoxide is a trace gas in the atmosphere, and it does not 
have a direct effect on the global temperature, like methane and carbon 
dioxide do. However, carbon monoxide plays a major role in atmospheric 
chemistry, and it affects the ability of the atmosphere to cleanse 
itself of many other polluting gases. In combination with other 
pollutants and sunshine, it also takes part in the formation of 
lower-atmospheric (“bad”) ozone and urban smog.&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/feeds/619715635373199406/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/2265588476299169997/619715635373199406?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/619715635373199406'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/619715635373199406'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/2016/06/carbon-monoxide.html' title='Carbon Monoxide'/><author><name>Chandsar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15069347244368765486</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKfCltCr8izPy6rC8aXmFVgUvhc5O4NfnRgIelpmhHh8MvBLLA3VO5VlAR2XnDMsvEea592G2iT6lKkSjRxC-oZYzANiWh6Vwtyjpv-Mf_EsuAyLsOYRQOIt7gK7_QrqTBGx02mxHwjLI/s72-c/Carbon+Monoxide-2.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265588476299169997.post-2512528571959478033</id><published>2016-06-23T12:21:00.006+05:30</published><updated>2016-06-23T12:21:58.902+05:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Organic Farmer"/><title type='text'> Sunflower is a good source of animal feed</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Sunflower 
provides high quality feed for livestock, it also produces healthy oil 
for people.&amp;nbsp;Most dairy farmers may not know the value of sunflower as 
feed for dairy cows and even chickens. The main source of feed for dairy
 cows is Napier grass, maize stalks and hay. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;The little 
dairy meal concentrates bought from agro-veterinary shops.&amp;nbsp;However, 
giving your animals feed that is balanced both in nutrients and in 
adequate quantities will ensure good milk production all year round.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Making your 
own feeds not only cuts the cost of buying, it also ensures a farmer has
 good quality feed. The quality of feeds in the market is not assured, 
nowadays millers have devised ways of constituting poor quality feeds 
which are then sold to unsuspecting farmers. Beekeepers growing 
sunflower have an added advantage of high quality honey because bees 
collect pollen from sunflower while pollinating them.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A good source of proteins &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Sunflower meal
 is one of the major protein sources in livestock feed, especially dairy
 cattle, chickens and even pigs and rabbits. It has a high protein, 
fibre and oil content. It has a protein content of between 29- 30% and a
 crude fibre content of 27-31% and lignin (9-12%) and lysine (3.5%). One
 good characteristic of sunflower is that it does not have any 
ingredients that affect nutrition in livestock, although its high fibre 
and lignin (the hard, woody part of the sunflower plant) tend to affect 
its digestibility. Besides, sunflower is a good source of calcium, 
phosphorus and B vitamins.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Apart from 
dairy cows, sunflower can be fed to rabbits, pigs and chickens. The 
quality of sunflower fed to livestock depends on the way it has been 
processed. For example sunflower that is milled without removing the 
outer cover (also called husk or hull) has high fibre (between 27-31%) 
but low protein content (about 23%); but in highly processed sunflower 
where the husks are completely extracted, protein content can be as high
 as 40%.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sunflower can replace other feed sources &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Dairy cows 
produce more milk when fed on sunflower meal that is partially or fully 
dehulled. For rabbits, pigs and poultry, a sunflower meal that is high 
on fibre and lignin would be suitable since they require feed with less 
energy. But what farmers need to know is that sunflower is still 
nutritious even when fed to animals without much processing. Sunflower 
can be substituted with soya beans or even ground nuts but farmers are 
advised to take a sample of the sunflower feed for analysis to ensure it
 has the right balance of fibre and proteins.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sunflower recommended &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;According to 
studies conducted in Tanzania, sunflower added to maize bran at the rate
 of 31% and fed to Zebu cross-bred dairy cows increased milk yield from 
6.6 litres per day to 8.1 litres per day. In Zimbabwe, sunflower cake 
added to maize and urea-treated maize stalks at the rate of 4.4kg per 
day in Jersey, red Dane and cross-bred dairy cows in open pasture, 
increased milk yield from an average of 5.8–6.0kg per day. In similar 
studies in UK, sunflower meal supplemented with fish and bone meal 
maintained the same amount of milk in Fresian dairy cows when it was 
replaced with soybean and rapeseed meal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How to prepare animal feed&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Sunflower cake
 is a rich source of protein and can make quality livestock feed for 
animals on the farm instead of buying expensive commercial feed whose 
quality is unknown. 3.5kg of sunflower, when pressed and milled, produce
 1 litre of oil and 2.5kg of seed cake.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dairy cattle rations&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Mix 18kg of Sunflower cake with 100kg of maize germ to make dairy meal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Give a highly productive cow 4kg of the sunflower and maize germ dairy meal and 2kg to low milk producing cows.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Apart from 
feeding concentrates, dairy cows should be given their daily ration of 
Napier grass, hay or any other available good quality fodder to their 
satisfaction.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Ration for chickens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chickens starter:&lt;/strong&gt; Mix 22kg of sunflower cake with 100kg of maize germ.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Growers’ mash:&lt;/strong&gt; Mix 20kg of sunflower with 100 kg of crushed maize (gristed maize or chenga)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Layers mash:&lt;/strong&gt; Mix 18kg of sunflower cake with 100kg of gristed maize.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;NOTE: When 
formulating feed for dairy cows, farmers should ensure the sunflower 
content is not more than 20% of the feed ration. In poultry feed, the 
sunflower content should not be more than 7% of the total feed ration.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How to grow sunflower&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climatic requirements:&lt;/strong&gt;
 Sunflower can do well in a wide range of soils but it does best in 
fertile, loamy soils. The plant has a deep taproot, which makes it grow 
even in areas with very little amount of rainfall. An average of 
500-750mm of rainfall is adequate for sunflower production. It can be 
grown from sea level to an altitude of 2600 metres above sea level.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Land preparation:&lt;/strong&gt;
 The land should be well tilled to form a firm seedbed. Spacing: Seeds 
can be planted at a spacing of 75cm by 30cm at the rate of 2kg per acre 
(5kg/ hectare). Plant 3 seeds per hill and thin to 1 plant per hill when
 the crop is 10-20cm high.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fertilizer application:&lt;/strong&gt;
 Sunflower does well in fertile soils. Application of rock phosphate 
would be appropriate because sunflower requires sufficient phosphate 
fertilizer to grow well. Application of well-prepared compost would 
provide additional nutrients to the soil. If rock phosphate is used, it 
is important to add humic acid from products such as Humax or Black 
Majik because rock phosphate is a slow release fertilizer that requires 
humic acid to hasten its breakdown and uptake by the plants.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Weeding:&lt;/strong&gt;
 Sunflower does well in a weed free environ ment. Weed the crop when it 
is 0.7 metres high (after about 4 weeks). The crop cover prevents weed 
regeneration later.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Birds’ damage:&lt;/strong&gt;
 Birds can damage up to 50% of sunflower if they are not kept away 
through scaring. To prevent bird damage farmers can take the following 
measures:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Cut the 
sunflower at knee height just before it dries completely. Cut off the 
head (capitulum). Spike the head on the standing stem with face 
downwards.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Remove the Sunflower heads after drying and store at home.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Threshing can be done at home using sticks and sunflower seeds stored.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Sunflower seeds should be dried to 10% moisture content before storage.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Varieties&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;There are two 
main varieties of sunflower, the dwarf and the tall varieties. The tall 
varieties are open pollinated and grow up to a height of 1.5–2.4m. Their
 yield is poor compared to hybrids. Some of the tall varieties in Kenya 
are Hungarian white and Kenya Fedha. Dwarf varieties are hybrids and 
grow to a height of 1.2m, they give a higher yield compared to tall 
varieties. The most common dwarf variety is H 8998. Farmers can buy 
seeds for planting from agroveterinary shops or the Kenya Seed Company 
depots.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBEQDCNkPS5REb7eoRtEOdoj3oJQ-1GVo1VGZFPTG35LE7AIrFnpSfUm0In3uvI-bFzMFaVgCeeYGSiGaQxXlLknWJ17LlbZ_TzU0qJQ9f-cdjr4O6EzfuYoY6Ka-6p29GOv8SL9hRp9g/s1600/Sunflower+varieties.bmp&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBEQDCNkPS5REb7eoRtEOdoj3oJQ-1GVo1VGZFPTG35LE7AIrFnpSfUm0In3uvI-bFzMFaVgCeeYGSiGaQxXlLknWJ17LlbZ_TzU0qJQ9f-cdjr4O6EzfuYoY6Ka-6p29GOv8SL9hRp9g/s1600/Sunflower+varieties.bmp&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/feeds/2512528571959478033/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/2265588476299169997/2512528571959478033?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/2512528571959478033'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/2512528571959478033'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/2016/06/good-source-of-animal-feed.html' title=' Sunflower is a good source of animal feed'/><author><name>Chandsar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15069347244368765486</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg51DQpgZEj27BxDRrXSvU6Th4MclbVMh405HzGRJ_18aw2vYI_hEM0bvlovRnibgOhjzx_qkw4_jOU7_VCvPKsc5LCf_sWTjp2Yzfe3l41Ki2xBSL0tQhyphenhyphenxxOyDvrF3MTpO-DKttC5tMw/s72-c/Bees_on_sunflower.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265588476299169997.post-6091950530684410375</id><published>2016-06-23T12:20:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2016-06-23T12:20:30.039+05:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Organic Farmer"/><title type='text'> The best way to grow orange-fleshed sweet potatoes</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix0msrQScPzwsT06c2JSAtGe5UefhjUmA4SdJeePcsd_-HmjvUd2VmwJ7ee42dQ_9VVpZtEsh47DeHrdMxBslTELozQ9ALOtLemJLseBT9mOKUyr36A15OIg4m7aEFm2Oe6oQ6mTyWO9s/s1600/OFSP+vines+under+rapid+seed+multiplication.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix0msrQScPzwsT06c2JSAtGe5UefhjUmA4SdJeePcsd_-HmjvUd2VmwJ7ee42dQ_9VVpZtEsh47DeHrdMxBslTELozQ9ALOtLemJLseBT9mOKUyr36A15OIg4m7aEFm2Oe6oQ6mTyWO9s/s1600/OFSP+vines+under+rapid+seed+multiplication.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;The
 potential for production of orange-fleshed sweet potatoes in Kenya 
stands at 4.8 tonnes per acre. However, farmers get only 1.12 per acre. 
Though many causes are to blame for low productivity, unavailability of 
quality planting material is the most important. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;To
 reap the benefits associated with orange-fleshed sweet potatoes, 
production&amp;nbsp;of clean quality planting material is important. A lot of 
vines need to be used per unit of land in production of orange-fleshed 
sweet potatoes. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;You require about 15 bags of cuttings&amp;nbsp;to plant 1 acre of land.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Kenya
 Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation or KALRO [formerly 
KARI] uses a three-tier system of orange-fleshed sweet potato seed 
production system; the primary, secondary and tertiary seed production 
levels. Primary seed multiplication site is located on-station where 
closer management of the seed is done. Material from the primary seed 
multiplication site is used to establish secondary seed multiplication 
sites managed by Non-Governmental Organizations, Community Based 
Organizations and Ministry of Agriculture staff. Usually, a selected 
place such as Agricultural Training Centres are used as secondary 
multiplication sites. Material from secondary multiplication sites are 
used to setup tertiary seed multiplication sites. These are the 
commercial seed multiplication sites managed by individual farmers with 
assistance from extension staff. When you engage in orange-fleshed sweet
 potato seed multiplication, you are operating at a higher production 
level.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Steps in sweet potato seed multiplication&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Sweet
 potato vines, or seed, or cuttings, or slips can be multiplied using 
conventional (results in a conversion ratio of 1:10, meaning 1 vine 
gives 10 other vines] or rapid multiplication techniques (this results 
in a conversion ratio of 1:80, meaning 1 vine gives 80 other vines). The
 production principles are the same. However, in the rapid 
multiplication procedure, more vines are realized within a shorter 
period of time.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Site selection:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Select
 a site close to a water source. Avoid land, which was previously under 
sweet potato. Distance between the site and the nearest old sweet potato
 field should be at least 100m. Fence off the site if damage by animals 
is anticipated.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Land preparation:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Plough
 land and harrow to a fine tilth and remove all trash. In the 
conventional seed multiplication procedure, leave the plot flat. In 
rapid multiplication procedure, raise beds of about 1.5m width and a 
length based on amount of multiplication material and land available. 
The area between adjacent beds should be 50cm wide. Use the soil between
 adjacent beds to raise the beds.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;The
 height of beds should be 10-30cm depending on the soil. In sandy soils,
 it is recommended to plough in manure at a rate of one wheelbarrow load
 per square metre of bed space or apply farmyard manure at the rate of 
2.5kg per square metre before planting.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Preparation of vine cuttings:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Select
 vines from a secondary multiplication site. They should be from plants 
that are healthy and about 2 to 3 months old. Cut up vines into pieces 
of two or three nodes. A leaf should be kept on each cutting and the tip
 maintained on each vine.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Planting:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;If
 the soils are dry, water the ground first. In the conventional seed 
multiplication&amp;nbsp;procedure, the vines are inserted at an angle in the soil
 at a spacing of 50cm between rows and 30cm from plant to plant cutting.
 In the rapid multiplication method, the vines are planted on the raised
 beds. The spacing between rows is 10-20cm and from one cutting to the 
next within the row is 10cm. The vines should be inserted at an angle 
too. In both methods, leave one node with the leaf outside the soil.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Field management:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Ensure
 moist soil conditions are maintained at all times (but avoid 
waterlogging) by irrigation if it is not raining. Ensure weed free 
conditions in the first 4-5 weeks by manually removing the weeds. 
Diseased or infected plants must be removed and burnt away from the 
field.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvL5h6V31whSWf46PlF5DaNFTlwBRnsbW1WCZ_7RrNfm9HiXcYBt1D96G7-dY2CoH4C31oVgkaHZvuBdUHEMfqUOpmEpYii22JkdxlmFNzYBnoXZHWbDroASoDniRb7yqh-J2xTqdE584/s1600/Sweet+potato+vines+packed+for+transport.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;166&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvL5h6V31whSWf46PlF5DaNFTlwBRnsbW1WCZ_7RrNfm9HiXcYBt1D96G7-dY2CoH4C31oVgkaHZvuBdUHEMfqUOpmEpYii22JkdxlmFNzYBnoXZHWbDroASoDniRb7yqh-J2xTqdE584/s320/Sweet+potato+vines+packed+for+transport.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Harvesting of vines:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;This
 should be done after 2 to 3 months from the planting day. Cut the main 
stem pieces (25cm long) 5cm above the soil level. Two to three sets of 
cuttings can be harvested from rationed fields. Each harvest should be 
followed by an extra application of Farm Yard Manure (FYM).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Vine storage:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Planting
 of sweet potato vines should be done preferably soon after cutting. If 
not, the vines should be tied in bundles with their bases covered with a
 wet cloth and kept in a cool area under a shade. Vines can get spoilt 
if kept for more than two weeks&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/feeds/6091950530684410375/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/2265588476299169997/6091950530684410375?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/6091950530684410375'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/6091950530684410375'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/2016/06/orange-fleshed-sweet-potatoes.html' title=' The best way to grow orange-fleshed sweet potatoes'/><author><name>Chandsar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15069347244368765486</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix0msrQScPzwsT06c2JSAtGe5UefhjUmA4SdJeePcsd_-HmjvUd2VmwJ7ee42dQ_9VVpZtEsh47DeHrdMxBslTELozQ9ALOtLemJLseBT9mOKUyr36A15OIg4m7aEFm2Oe6oQ6mTyWO9s/s72-c/OFSP+vines+under+rapid+seed+multiplication.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265588476299169997.post-1287502080177510680</id><published>2016-06-23T12:17:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2016-06-23T12:17:23.696+05:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Organic Farmer"/><title type='text'> Yellow maize is good for people and livestock </title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj07QsBboGGtSo48DpdNaLsyE7VtzhzWcObV3HGhUs24HiAt_tqgSVOzesT0y_vmGZQ8MvIgYVY9sT1CsbSzMzHrgaf5NdMZCeQReOoi-pAqFbkwnxkECWEDO3UNoeTiVOEZHKA52QC9E/s1600/yellow-corn-big.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj07QsBboGGtSo48DpdNaLsyE7VtzhzWcObV3HGhUs24HiAt_tqgSVOzesT0y_vmGZQ8MvIgYVY9sT1CsbSzMzHrgaf5NdMZCeQReOoi-pAqFbkwnxkECWEDO3UNoeTiVOEZHKA52QC9E/s1600/yellow-corn-big.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Although
 yellow maize is more nutritious than white maize, Kenyans consider it 
food for poor people since it is often brought into the country as 
relief food for starving people. Yet it can be a food option for people,
 even as it is used majorly for livestock.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Maize
 is a staple food for many millions of people in sub-Saharan Africa. 
Although white maize is more popular in most households, few know that 
yellow maize is more nutritious than white maize.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Yellow
 maize is not liked by most rural communities in East Africa. For many 
years, yellow maize was donated to Kenya from different parts of the 
world as relief food during the famine of the late 1980s, 1990 and late 
2000.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;This
 made many people view yellow maize as food aid for poor people. 
Besides, many people think yellow maize is only used for livestock feed 
in Western countries and is therefore not meant for human consumption.&amp;nbsp; 
“There was no way we can eat feeds meant for livestock,” Joseph Makhanu,
 a farmer in Bungoma argues. Some people just do not like the taste of 
yellow maize. Most of the people interviewed by TOF say yellow maize has
 a sugary taste, which they do not like. Those who eat yellow maize say 
they harvest the crop early, when still green.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Yellow maize is nutritious&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;article_image&quot; src=&quot;http://theorganicfarmer.org//assets/Maize/Yellow%20maize%20nutrients.bmp&quot; style=&quot;float: right;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Despite
 the taste and the colour, yellow maize is nutritious. In fact, research
 has shown that yellow corn has a higher nutritional value than the 
ordinary white maize, due to its higher levels of lutein, carotenoids 
and vitamin A. Vitamin A deficiency is very common in Africa and 
afflicts millions of children, resulting in diseases, blindness, and 
even death.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;One
 large cob of boiled yellow maize contains almost 4g of protein, 3.5g of
 dietary fiber, about 30g of carbohydrates, 1.5g of fat and 3.6g of 
sugar and 100 grams of water. It contains no cholesterol and has about 
126 kilo-calories. Yellow maize also contains both pro-vitamin A and 
non-pro-vitamin A carotenoids, which promote general growth and eye 
health. Here are more maize nutrition facts and information about the 
vitamin and mineral content in one large ear of yellow maize, when 
cooked without salt.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Although
 most people prefer white maize, it’s better to know that Carotenoids 
are mainly found in yellow maize. White maize has little or no 
carotenoid.&amp;nbsp;This beta-carotene content is an important source of vitamin
 A.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Farmers are growing yellow maize&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Jones Lusalia, a farmer in Kitale has a ¼ acre&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;shamba&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;where
 he grows yellow maize. He says that yellow maize matures faster than 
white maize. The main disadvantage, however, is that yellow maize is not
 popular in the market, compared to the white maize. He, therefore, 
grows most of his produce for his family’s use.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;After
 harvesting, Lusalia keeps some grain for the next planting season. To 
do this, he must ensure he has good stores and bags to prevent rotting 
and damage by pests. This has been a challenge for him, but he is 
working to solve it.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yellow maize is also good for livestock&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;After
 harvesting, yellow maize stalks can be used to provide fodder for 
livestock. The grains can also be used as poultry feed. This is an 
opportunity for Kenyan farmers. Instead of depending on imports, farmers
 can venture into the business and produce yellow maize, which is a 
source of nutrients for livestock.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;To
 get the most out of the crop, the maize is harvested when green. The 
cob is used as&amp;nbsp;a vegetable while the other parts are fed to livestock.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Yellow
 maize is planted in the same way as ordinary white maize. The maize is 
planted through direct seeding, preferably early in the season or as 
soon as soil and temperature conditions are favourable. Delay in 
planting always leads to reduced yields - there is a drop in yields by 1
 – 2% every day if planting is delayed. Seeds are dropped in furrows or 
planting holes. For a pure stand of maize, the Ministry of Agriculture 
recommends a spacing of between 75cm by 30cm for all areas with adequate
 rainfall, resulting in a total population of about 44,000 plants per 
acre.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Good management&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Yellow
 maize should be planted as soon as the seedbed is prepared. Like the 
ordinary maize, yellow maize is sensitive to weeds during the first 4-6 
weeks after germination. The crop should be weeded twice until it 
reaches a height of one metre. In areas of low rainfall, irrigation 
should be done especially at the time of tasselling and fertilization. 
The maize can be intercropped with legumes as this increases yields.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Harvesting and storage&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Yellow
 maize can be harvested when mature, when the leaves start yellowing. 
The maize can be left in the field until when the moisture levels fall 
to about 15-20%. However, care should be taken to protect the maize from
 pest attack. The yellow maize can also be harvested when immature for 
use as a vegetable. After harvesting, maize should be stored well to 
prevent attack by pests and diseases.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;There
 are new metal silos that are effective against maize pests such as the 
larger grain borer. The silos are made out of galvanized flat iron 
sheets. The structures are airtight and can be used to store different 
types of grain.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/feeds/1287502080177510680/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/2265588476299169997/1287502080177510680?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/1287502080177510680'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/1287502080177510680'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/2016/06/good-for-people-and-livestock.html' title=' Yellow maize is good for people and livestock '/><author><name>Chandsar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15069347244368765486</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj07QsBboGGtSo48DpdNaLsyE7VtzhzWcObV3HGhUs24HiAt_tqgSVOzesT0y_vmGZQ8MvIgYVY9sT1CsbSzMzHrgaf5NdMZCeQReOoi-pAqFbkwnxkECWEDO3UNoeTiVOEZHKA52QC9E/s72-c/yellow-corn-big.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265588476299169997.post-2280710264827261513</id><published>2016-06-23T12:16:00.003+05:30</published><updated>2016-06-23T12:16:26.176+05:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Organic Farmer"/><title type='text'> How to grow groundnuts </title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4sE3qVy3pg0eFCA13hEtiQlwUKbBtr4id5vD6PHa04lfezTygqKLZPFHfL_BYYT6_tkVJ5Uu7pYXHtBheylXZRXfQS3iP9DGt4oAdTz82FjqJ1azZTpqd8-1pNXYJjBFXeNCUUJC6DR0/s1600/Groundnuts+-+Copy.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4sE3qVy3pg0eFCA13hEtiQlwUKbBtr4id5vD6PHa04lfezTygqKLZPFHfL_BYYT6_tkVJ5Uu7pYXHtBheylXZRXfQS3iP9DGt4oAdTz82FjqJ1azZTpqd8-1pNXYJjBFXeNCUUJC6DR0/s1600/Groundnuts+-+Copy.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Groundnuts
 grow well in warm areas, below 1500 M above sea level. The best 
temperature requirement is about 30º C. They do not grow below 15º C. 
The crop does not tolerate frost and cold conditions including delay in 
flowering and seed formation. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;For good growth, they also need 500 to 600 mm of rainfall, well-distributed throughout the growing season.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;The
 crop can survive drought or reduced rain but yields will be low. 
Well-drained soils are needed although the crop can also grow well in 
clay soils.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Land preparation and planting&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Groundnut
 is an early season crop, which means that at the slightest sight of 
some rain, you need to plant. Plant when the soil is not soggy as the 
crop does not do well in waterlogged soils. To prevent blights caused by
 soil bacteria and fungi, ensure you use certified disease freeseeds. If
 you are using seed from the last season, ensure that the seeds for 
sowing are stored in their pods and only shelled a few days before 
planting. Shell the pods 1–2 weeks before sowing and select only good 
quality seed for sowing.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Plough
 the land and harrow to a fine tilth. Spacing depends on the variety. 
Small seeded types (bunch) are spaced at 30cm between rows and about 15 
cm between plants. This has a plant population of 167,000 per hectare. 
The large seeded types (runner) are spaced at 45cm between rows and 20cm
 between plants, giving an optimum plant population of 89,000 per 
hectare. The seeds are planted in two rows on top of the ridge. Select 
clean and well formed seeds for planting. Sow seeds to a depth of 5-8 cm
 at a seed rate of 40-50kg per ha.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Use Biofix organic fertilizer when planting&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Biofix
 is an organic nitrogen fixer for planting leguminous crops like beans, 
cowpeas, groundnuts and soya beans; leguminous pasture crops like 
Lucerne and desmodium; and leguminous trees like Sesbania and caliandra.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Being
 a natural product made out of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Biofix is 
environmentally friendly and is not expensive to buy or apply. When 
applied to groundnut seeds, it helps in the formation of more root 
nodules (small growths on the roots). These nodules help the plant to 
convert nitrogen in the air into into utilizable form by the plant. 
Nitrogen helps in leaf development and plant growth. Ensure that when 
buying the Biofix inoculant, you buy the right one for the type of crop 
you want to grow– there is biofix for groundnuts, and different ones for
 other legumes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;The
 packet (which is available in 10g, 50g or 100g) should contain the 
inoculant and a sticker made of gum Arabic or sugar solution. During 
planting, one needs one packet of biofix (100g) for 15kg of seed, which 
is enough for a 1 acre farm. Follow the instructions given on the 
package.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Once
 the seeds are inoculated with biofix, crops can take up nitrogen much 
easier and faster, which results in more rapid growth and plentiful 
harvest. When using biofix ensure you plant when your soil is still 
moist.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Weeding&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Groundnuts
 should be weeded promptly especially during the early stages of growth.
 Earthing up should be done at the time of weeding to encourage pegging,
 or penetration of young nuts into the soil. It is recommended that 
farmers use hand weeding after the start of pegging to avoid disturbing 
the growing nuts or damaging the flowers. Clean weeding should take 
place up to 6 weeks after which only hand weeding should be done.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;The
 crop requires adequate amounts of Calcium when pods are forming, 
otherwise the farmer ends up with empty pods. Nitrogen fertilizers are 
not needed since groundnuts are leguminous plants. If soils are acidic, 
you can apply lime to raise the raise the pH and supply calcium. If 
there is no rain during flowering or pod formation, irrigate if possible
 to ensure the yields do not drop. For soils that are not fertile, Rock 
phosphate is recommended at a rate of 200kg/ha.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dealing with pests and diseases&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Like
 other crops, groundnuts are attacked by various pests and diseases. The
 table below shows how different pests and diseases can be controlled 
without using chemicals. The major pests and disease challenging 
groundnut growing are shown below:-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhi92KjwIEPNTs_oH7IXAQoDHe_X25XCtmZmWwsaW9-Fi_zObwmCbyfah6aw1O8VY_82UHjdsFu-1WUaMbJ6Gvbwjh3Uae16IDSB389oXr1hw_iYVls__WI1TmrbUE-C2hKsOiYwv9ou2Y/s1600/Groundnut+pests+and+diseases.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhi92KjwIEPNTs_oH7IXAQoDHe_X25XCtmZmWwsaW9-Fi_zObwmCbyfah6aw1O8VY_82UHjdsFu-1WUaMbJ6Gvbwjh3Uae16IDSB389oXr1hw_iYVls__WI1TmrbUE-C2hKsOiYwv9ou2Y/s1600/Groundnut+pests+and+diseases.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Harvesting and storage&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Groundnuts
 mature from 90-130 days depending on the variety. Mature nuts should be
 firm and dry and brown on the outside. The inside of the pods should be
 grey and produce a rattling sound when shaken. To harvest, dig up nuts 
with great care to avoid them breaking off and remaining in the ground. 
Dry for 2-3 days, after which you can remove the nuts from the plants 
and dry them on mats for 7-10 days, to a moisture content of 10%. 
Shelling should be done by hand followed by sorting to remove the 
broken, dirty, damaged nuts which lower the quality and consequent 
selling price. Storage should be done in clean dry conditions to avoid 
growth of &lt;em&gt;asperngillus spp &lt;/em&gt;which releases aflatoxin fungi that are poisonous to humans.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/feeds/2280710264827261513/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/2265588476299169997/2280710264827261513?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/2280710264827261513'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/2280710264827261513'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/2016/06/grow-groundnuts.html' title=' How to grow groundnuts '/><author><name>Chandsar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15069347244368765486</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4sE3qVy3pg0eFCA13hEtiQlwUKbBtr4id5vD6PHa04lfezTygqKLZPFHfL_BYYT6_tkVJ5Uu7pYXHtBheylXZRXfQS3iP9DGt4oAdTz82FjqJ1azZTpqd8-1pNXYJjBFXeNCUUJC6DR0/s72-c/Groundnuts+-+Copy.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265588476299169997.post-4130600596509562764</id><published>2016-06-23T12:14:00.004+05:30</published><updated>2016-06-23T12:14:56.853+05:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Organic Farmer"/><title type='text'> Proper care of crops during growth is important </title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid2f5v0Ovx0s4c0keHj5yeg3jwTxkplnHZId3f5VD_RAEnDIUnh4CdWZ-rcbz25FarfXB67CsJghC1xUkqo8yAf-bAxe37KkX7rVs8-F8z2YSBTFp4cGcsk83lF9UFzqZCVcdxkOFLpYc/s1600/P1040410.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid2f5v0Ovx0s4c0keHj5yeg3jwTxkplnHZId3f5VD_RAEnDIUnh4CdWZ-rcbz25FarfXB67CsJghC1xUkqo8yAf-bAxe37KkX7rVs8-F8z2YSBTFp4cGcsk83lF9UFzqZCVcdxkOFLpYc/s1600/P1040410.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;To get a good 
harvest, farmers have to exercise high standards of crop management and 
adopt sustainable farming practices that minimize crop pests and 
diseases and maintain soil fertility. It is important to plan ahead and 
get equipped with the right information.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;This will 
prevent and tackle challenges associated with weeds, soil nutrient 
degradation and pests and diseases; sustainable practices that can be 
used to manage your crops:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pests and disease management&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Pests and 
diseases are responsible for between 20 to 80 per cent of crop losses 
but sustainable pest and disease management practices can minimize their
 negative health and environmental effects.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Below are some useful tips for farmers:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;1. You should 
monitor and examine your crops closely to accurately diagnose and 
understand the nature and source of pest and disease problems in your 
farm.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;2. Physical 
control measures are the first options to consider. They include simple 
handpicking, erecting insect barriers, using traps, tillage, mulching, 
soil solarization and adopting protective structures such as shade net 
houses and greenhouses.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;3. Beneficial 
insects (called natural enemies) like wasps, ladybirds, spiders and 
hoverfly larvae which feed on plant eating pests like aphids and 
caterpillars, eliminate or reduce pests. In this way, they provide 
adequate pest control with minimal environmental impact. You should 
therefore conserve and manage habitats for natural enemies of the target
 pests to thrive by, for example, planting hedges and windbreaks, 
avoiding use of broad spectrum pesticides and growing flowering plants 
that provide food for beneficial insects.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;4. Instead of 
using chemical pesticides, use biopesticides, which are made from 
naturally occurring pathogens (fungi and bacteria) that kill insects.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;5. An 
integrated pest and disease management strategy can also be adopted, 
that is the integration of both biological, physical and use of 
biopesticides. It is, however, recommended that you first consult 
organic input suppliers and sustainable agriculture extension officers 
in your area.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;6. You should as much as possible adopt other farming practices in addition to pest and disease control such as;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;• Use of certified or disease-free seed and nursery stock to prevent the introduction of disease into the farm.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;• Use of disease tolerant and resistant crop varieties.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;• Adopting crop rotation, intercropping and green manure planting. Grow crops with pest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;repelling characteristics like African marigold, onions, leeks and garlic.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;• Keep planting beds clean. Remove any diseased or infected plant material.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;• Clean and sterilize farm tools such as &lt;em&gt;jembes &lt;/em&gt;and &lt;em&gt;pangas &lt;/em&gt;immediately after use in infected plots.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Soil fertility management&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Healthy soil 
produces healthy plants that resist attack from pests and diseases. To 
improve and maintain soil fertility, dig less, mulch more and apply 
compost at all times.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;• &lt;strong&gt;Dig less&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Start by 
digging deeply to break up the hard pan, remove hard layers in the soil 
profile and apply compost. In subsequent years, disturb the soil as 
little as possible. The compost can be worked into the soil at the 
beginning but subsequent applications should be done on the soil surface
 at the base of the plants.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;• &lt;strong&gt;Mulch more &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Mulching is 
the process of covering&amp;nbsp;the soil surface with a layer&amp;nbsp;of plant residues 
to conserve soil&amp;nbsp;moisture, keep it cool, protect&amp;nbsp;it from erosion and 
develop&amp;nbsp;surface crust, minimize compaction,&amp;nbsp;improve soil 
structure,&amp;nbsp;enhance infiltration, suppress&amp;nbsp;weeds and add nutrients to 
the&amp;nbsp;soil through&amp;nbsp;decomposition.&amp;nbsp;Mulching can be used before&amp;nbsp;and after 
planting, as well&amp;nbsp;as around young plants. It is&amp;nbsp;especially useful for 
high-valuable&amp;nbsp;vegetable crops, and for&amp;nbsp;growing crops in dry areas and&amp;nbsp;in
 places where the soil is easily&amp;nbsp;eroded by heavy rains.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;• &lt;strong&gt;Apply compost at all times&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Compost is 
nature’s fertilizer formed out of decomposition of plant, insect and 
animal residues and wastes. Its application helps in maintaining the 
soil structure so that it is easy to work, is resistant to erosion and 
also supports pest and disease control.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Weed management&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Weeds pose a 
serious risk for small-scale farmers as they adversely affect 
agricultural production. The oxford dictionary defines a weed as &lt;em&gt;a wild plant growing where it is not wanted and in competition with cultivated plants&lt;/em&gt;. It is, therefore, &quot;a plant in the wrong place&quot;, meaning that it may be beneficial in another set-up.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Weeds may be 
unwanted on our farms for a number of reasons. Firstly, they interfere 
with food production in agriculture. They must be controlled in order to
 prevent loss or diminished crop yields. Weeds can also be of concern 
for environmental reasons where some weed species compete for nutrients 
with crops. They interfere by:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;• Competing 
with the desired plants for the resources that a plant typically needs, 
namely, direct sunlight, soil nutrients, water, and space for growth.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;• Providing 
hosts and vectors for plant pathogens, giving them greater opportunity 
to infect and degrade the quality of the desired plants.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;• Providing 
food or shelter for animal pests such as seed-eating birds or eve fruit 
flies that otherwise have died after the previous crop was harvested.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;To control 
weeds develop the habit of scouting every week to remove or cut them 
down. Use the right tools and techniques to ease weeding. The bigger 
your weeds get, the more difficult they are to control.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;a) &lt;strong&gt;Hand-pulling &lt;/strong&gt;is one of the ways that one can use to control weeds.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;b) &lt;strong&gt;Mulching &lt;/strong&gt;also
 helps in weed control - spreading a thick layer of mulch, keeps the 
light from reaching weeds. Without adequate light, the weeds will die. 
Mulch reduces the ability of weeds to make enough chlorophyll, which 
retards their growth. Most of the weeds weaken and die before you even 
notice them.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;c) &lt;strong&gt;Hoeing&lt;/strong&gt;:
 Separate by cutting the stems from the roots just below the soil 
surface. Hoeing is best done when the weeds are very small seedlings or 
newly emerged shoots of perennial weeds.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/feeds/4130600596509562764/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/2265588476299169997/4130600596509562764?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/4130600596509562764'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/4130600596509562764'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/2016/06/proper-care-of-crops.html' title=' Proper care of crops during growth is important '/><author><name>Chandsar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15069347244368765486</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid2f5v0Ovx0s4c0keHj5yeg3jwTxkplnHZId3f5VD_RAEnDIUnh4CdWZ-rcbz25FarfXB67CsJghC1xUkqo8yAf-bAxe37KkX7rVs8-F8z2YSBTFp4cGcsk83lF9UFzqZCVcdxkOFLpYc/s72-c/P1040410.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265588476299169997.post-1012802974710679863</id><published>2016-06-23T12:11:00.003+05:30</published><updated>2016-06-23T12:11:47.000+05:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Organic Farmer"/><title type='text'> Raise bull calves and sell them for meat </title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzz6XFF8hdtHhTfx1zDg9oLt4khoHdDZ3QBVf1zSW34aem0QDqIG2_YxLFuIvC9awQ0Bqa3T69EgE8REkULVqVPjO1D0mSMpqZgWOHFH0kZ6gqRY_wLkbJSU1xTDjRYPf8wzuYQ-iLlKs/s1600/calf+pen.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzz6XFF8hdtHhTfx1zDg9oLt4khoHdDZ3QBVf1zSW34aem0QDqIG2_YxLFuIvC9awQ0Bqa3T69EgE8REkULVqVPjO1D0mSMpqZgWOHFH0kZ6gqRY_wLkbJSU1xTDjRYPf8wzuYQ-iLlKs/s1600/calf+pen.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;A
 number of TOF readers have asked if it is possible to start a beef 
enterprise using bull calves from dairy farms. Beef farming is a 
profitable venture because of the huge demand for beef which is 
currently not being met through local production. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Farmers can raise or buy calves or weaners, then feed and fatten them for slaughter.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;The
 enterprise is particularly suitable for the dry mid-altitude and dry 
transitional zones like Machakos, Makueni, Kitui, Taita Taveta, Elgeyo 
Marakwet and Baringo counties.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;How to raise bull calves&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table align=&quot;right&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;10&quot; cellspacing=&quot;10&quot; style=&quot;height: 300px; width: 250px;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;rtejustify&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #7c9c39; border-color: rgb(124, 156, 57);&quot;&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Dairy
 bull calves can generate income for both dairy and beef farmers. 
Farmers, however, need good planning to manage them. Intensive feeding 
is necessary for successful beef production.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtecenter&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Send you feedback to&lt;/span&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;mailto:chandsargam@gmail.com&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;chandsargam@gmail.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Usually, farmers keep cattle either for milk or beef, or both. Dairy cattle breeds like Friesian,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Aryshire
 and Jersey are usually reared for milk in intensive systems. In Kenya, 
the majority of small-scale farmers keep these breeds under zero-grazing
 or semi-zero grazing units. Some of the breeds that are bred 
specifically for beef include Boran, Sahiwal (and its crosses) and 
Fleckvieh. These do well in arid and semi-arid areas because they are 
tolerant to the harsh&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;conditions, including tick- borne diseases.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Fleckvieh
 is one popular dual-purpose breed that has come into the market. It is 
possible to raise bull calves for meat, either as part of the dairy 
enterprise or as a separate enterprise.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Usually
 dairy farms do not keep bull calves for long periods because they 
consume milk that would otherwise be sold or consumed at home and 
compete with heifers for careand management.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Many farms, therefore, dispose-off bull calves in different ways, depending on the economics and type of production.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;These include:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;• Selling the bulls after birth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;•
 Slaughtering them after birth, although the market for veal (calf meat)
 is not yet developed in Kenya. Those who slaughter them at birth 
usually do so to feed their dogs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;• Rearing them as beef steers.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;• Rearing them as possible future sires (bulls kept for serving cows).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;The
 decision to either sell off or keep bull calves is based mainly on the 
cost of rearing them - the price of milk versus disposal price and the 
genetic value of future sires. Most of the bull calves in Kenya found 
among dairy farmers are not of high genetic value because the farmers 
are still improving their animals. Bulls from well established dairy 
farms with pedigree animals would cost more.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Planning for beef production&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Good
 planning and preparation are essential for successful beef production. 
Firstly, it is very important to ensure adequate fodder is available for
 your animals throughout the year. Secondly, you need to know where you 
will get bull calves and what ages they will be – the younger they are, 
the more delicate they are likely to be and the more care they will 
need. Thirdly, determine the desirable finishing weights, as this will 
affect the need for housing and water, and expertise needed to 
successfully run such an enterprise.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;The right age&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Young
 dairy bull calves are usually disposed from 2 days old to 1 month old. 
When sourcing for bull calves make sure you negotiate for friendly 
rates, especially if they are still young because you will need to feed 
them with milk for at least 2 months or use milk replacers. Unless you 
have a steady supply of milk, it is advisable that you get calves aged 2
 months and above, although you may pay more – sometimes their cost can 
be worked out according to the number of litres of milk they have 
consumed. Buy older calves that have had enough colostrum, which builds 
the immunity of the calf.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Housing&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;When
 the calves arrive at the farm, isolate them into an area where you can 
observe them closely for two weeks. This enables you to prevent the 
spread of diseases. As a standard practice, house calves in individual 
stalls until they are 2 months old. Afterwards, separate calves 
according to weight to make feeding and management easier. Give them 
milk or milk replacer for those that are yet to be weaned, calf pellets 
for those which have been weaned&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;or are close to weaning, and plenty of fresh water and feed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Health program&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Calves
 get easily stressed, so handle them with care. Have a veterinarian on 
standby for new calves, to advice on diseases to vaccinate against in 
your region and also recommend appropriate program for internal and 
external parasites. Ticks and resultant East Coast Fever (ECF) are one 
of the greatest threats to young calves.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Marketing&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;If
 the bulls were from pedigree cows, they grow faster (similar to cross 
breeds, which exhibit hybrid vigour). You can sell them for slaughter at
 18-24 months. Bulls from foundation animals take longer to reach market
 weights of at least 300kgs. As for the market, local butcheries provide
 the best outlets unless a farmer has enough numbers to seek for markets
 in other towns. Approach a butcher who can slaughter the animal and pay
 based on carcass weight.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Dairy-beef
 animals fetch lower prices because compared to traditional beef breeds 
like Boran, they have lower carcass yields because of higher bone-meat 
ratio. Finishing off with high quality forage and supplements helps 
reduce this ratio.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Caution &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;One
 challenge in starting any beef farming enterprise is the availability 
of enough calves that have been weaned from milk. A farmer must make 
sure such a venture has the adequate supply of calves to start with. 
Calculate the cost of buying and raising calves versus the projected 
income to get estimates of the likely net income.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/feeds/1012802974710679863/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/2265588476299169997/1012802974710679863?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/1012802974710679863'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/1012802974710679863'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/2016/06/bull-calves-and-sell-them.html' title=' Raise bull calves and sell them for meat '/><author><name>Chandsar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15069347244368765486</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzz6XFF8hdtHhTfx1zDg9oLt4khoHdDZ3QBVf1zSW34aem0QDqIG2_YxLFuIvC9awQ0Bqa3T69EgE8REkULVqVPjO1D0mSMpqZgWOHFH0kZ6gqRY_wLkbJSU1xTDjRYPf8wzuYQ-iLlKs/s72-c/calf+pen.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265588476299169997.post-6211152609878975992</id><published>2016-06-23T12:09:00.000+05:30</published><updated>2016-06-23T12:09:39.498+05:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Organic Farmer"/><title type='text'> Build your beef farming enterprise gradually </title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBZ9itKLDW_mmFfrH7guVoEDlL04Hxui9C6tNREqj_Kjte0WosZgCMeuJ5cf0amGi4SiaNqrUCPUdX5pRdfjhD5MOXUGWqaNYYKQNoOZfxxmoA3yMRj5jcNH7IO96Zw-95SOCiWnwICrg/s1600/Feedlot+Feeding+trough+Pic+1.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBZ9itKLDW_mmFfrH7guVoEDlL04Hxui9C6tNREqj_Kjte0WosZgCMeuJ5cf0amGi4SiaNqrUCPUdX5pRdfjhD5MOXUGWqaNYYKQNoOZfxxmoA3yMRj5jcNH7IO96Zw-95SOCiWnwICrg/s1600/Feedlot+Feeding+trough+Pic+1.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;The
 article ‘Raise bull calves and sell them for meat’ generated interest 
from readers. Many of the enquirers&amp;nbsp;wanted to know the breeds suited for
 beef, what feeding options are available to farmers, and general 
information on what it takes to establish a beef rearing enterprise.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;In this article, we provide more information on how to manage a beef enterprise.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;First,
 breed selection is important, especially for farmers who are in the 
arid lands. Poor choice of breed can compromise your investment. 
Basically, there are three main types of cattle: Those bred for milk, 
those breed for meat and those kept for both meat and milk. &lt;strong&gt;Fresians &lt;/strong&gt;are bred for milk, &lt;strong&gt;boran &lt;/strong&gt;is kept for meat, and &lt;strong&gt;sahiwal &lt;/strong&gt;is
 a dual-purpose breed that gives both meat and milk in fairly good 
quantity and quality. The dual purpose, pure beef and crossbreeds do 
well in arid and semi-arid grazing systems, while the milk breeds are 
better suited for intensive systems where feed is adequately catered 
for.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Options for raising beef Cattle&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;A
 farmer can focus on raising calves and weaners. It is important to know
 that calves will take at least 15 months before they can grow to the 
age and weight that will make good money in the market. Depending on the
 breed, others may take as long as 24 months. This means the farmer must
 have enough feed for the animals for the entire period.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Perhaps,
 the easiest way for those who are not patient enough to wait for that 
long is to fatten mature animals for the market. This can be done in 
grazing systems or in feedlots, where animals are confined and provided 
with feed and water.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sourcing animals&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;The
 simplest way to build your beef enterprise is to buy animals during the
 lean months; when people are disposing their animals to pay school fees
 for their children or during the dry months when farmers dispose their 
animals because they do not have enough fodder to sustain them through 
the dry season. During these times, the price of animals is relatively 
low because of the high supply of animals in the market.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Visit
 the nearest State Department of Livestock office to find out dates for 
cattle auctions in your locality or neighbouring counties, and buy 
animals for fattening. Make sure you buy animals that you can keep for a
 maximum of 5 months. Normally, feedlot animals will take about 3 months
 to improve their body condition and attract favourable prices in the 
market. If you have enough pasture you can select animals that are not 
very attractive in the market because they are thin but are otherwise 
healthy. Feed them to gain weight and improve on body condition, then 
sell them off at a profit.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Caution&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;When
 sourcing for animals during the dry season, be careful not to buy sick 
animals. Consult a veterinarian to determine whether an animal is just 
emaciated because of lack of feed or disease.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tips on feeding beef animals in a feedlot&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table align=&quot;right&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;width: 300px;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Feed troughs illustrations&quot; class=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://theorganicfarmer.org/sites/default/files/Feed%20troughs%20illustrations.jpg&quot; title=&quot;Feed troughs illustrations&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;rtecenter&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Illustrations of feedlot feeding troughs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Roughage
 is important in the diet of ruminants as it enables normal rumen 
activity. Grass (hay) is the common source of roughage and is the first 
feed to consider if the animals are confined in a feeding area. Good 
quality grass hay and protein hay like lucerne or desmodium is 
essential. The roughage can be chopped and mixed before being fed to 
animals. However, care should be taken to ensure the hay is not too 
fine, which reduces its roughage qualities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The feeding trough&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Feeding
 animals using troughs prevents feed wastage, particularly in the 
feedlot. Provide adequate space so that all animals can access the 
feeding trough. Animals that are used to grazing in the fields may find 
it difficult to adapt to the feedlot environment. They can be trained 
through hand feeding with hay before the feeding trough is introduced. 
Once all the cattle in the herd are eating the hay, gradually introduce 
grain supplements mixed with the hay.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Feeding grain&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Grain
 is one of the most expensive ingredients in feed formu lation. The best
 grains that can be used in Kenya are maize, sorghum, barley, wheat and 
oats. However, a farmer has to gauge if it makes economic sense to feed 
grains to his animals.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Grain can be introduced in one of the following situations:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;(i) In feedlot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;(ii) As a supplement to grazing, and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;(iii)
 As a short-term drought ration meant to see the animals to the rainy 
season when pasture is abundant. The amount of grain used in the three 
situationsabove will vary.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Levels
 of feeding of grain as a supplement range from 0.5% to 1.5% of live 
weight per day. This means an animal of 300kg can be fed on between 
1.5kg to 4.5kg of grain. In the feedlot environment, and where grain is 
fed as the major component of rations, the maximum daily grain intake 
animals is 2.5% of live weight.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;When
 grain is fed to cattle, it is important to give time for their 
digestive systems to adapt gradually. If grain is introduced in large 
quantities, the digestive system of an animal that is only familiar with
 grass will not be able to cope with rations higher in grain. The 
negative effects of introducing larger amounts of grain into the diet 
include lactic acid poisoning which can easily cause death.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;The
 best way to go about this is to do base feeding on fibrous grains such 
as oats that are safer to feed than grains with little fibre such as 
wheat. Also, introduce grains in small amounts. This may not be easy in 
group feeding where some animals bully others and may end up consuming 
larger quantities of the provided ration than others. To avoid this, 
separate aggressive animals from the shy ones or group the animals 
according to temperament. Animals affected by the grain should be 
removed from the herd and fed separately on hay until the symptoms go 
away, then reintroduce them into the herd.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Supplements&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;When
 grain is used as supplement in feedlot situations, 1% of ground 
agricultural limestone should be added t o make up for a shortage of 
calcium in the grain. For lactating or young animals, 1% of common salt 
(sodium chloride) should be added to the grain to correct sodium 
deficiency.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/feeds/6211152609878975992/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/2265588476299169997/6211152609878975992?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/6211152609878975992'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/6211152609878975992'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/2016/06/your-beef-farming.html' title=' Build your beef farming enterprise gradually '/><author><name>Chandsar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15069347244368765486</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBZ9itKLDW_mmFfrH7guVoEDlL04Hxui9C6tNREqj_Kjte0WosZgCMeuJ5cf0amGi4SiaNqrUCPUdX5pRdfjhD5MOXUGWqaNYYKQNoOZfxxmoA3yMRj5jcNH7IO96Zw-95SOCiWnwICrg/s72-c/Feedlot+Feeding+trough+Pic+1.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265588476299169997.post-366653384136045151</id><published>2016-06-23T12:02:00.001+05:30</published><updated>2016-06-23T12:02:19.824+05:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Organic Farmer"/><title type='text'> Earn more from chillies through value addition </title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjgsvf7CnnDweZCT-3DoUIXkPlxH9WO_7AZmbBoY4Tp-ROwhvbvH3vaqOF5tLy0BVwbg3vD-QAhNwfbtptfsYzgRwOPfc54jt3tmszfj4ZwmpGjxrlsGIVCfJrYcn0NYXlU78yM0Hu_Y0/s1600/Growng+chillies.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjgsvf7CnnDweZCT-3DoUIXkPlxH9WO_7AZmbBoY4Tp-ROwhvbvH3vaqOF5tLy0BVwbg3vD-QAhNwfbtptfsYzgRwOPfc54jt3tmszfj4ZwmpGjxrlsGIVCfJrYcn0NYXlU78yM0Hu_Y0/s1600/Growng+chillies.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Do
 you know that you can earn yourself extra income by adding value to 
chilli? You can give chilli powder a more pleasant taste and aroma by 
adding dry ingredients like coriander (&lt;em&gt;dania&lt;/em&gt;), garlic, ginger, small fish and salt before crushing in the mill.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Across
 the world, chilli is used to flavour many dishes. In Kenya, the coastal
 region people are known for their love of chilli in spicing food, the 
urban dwellers enjoy a spread of chilli in their chips and among the 
Asian communities, chilli is a welcome addition to any food. Even though
 it is known for its hot spicy flavor, chilli is also a great source of 
vitamins. Chilli can be used in various forms; fresh, ground paste, 
sauce or powder.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Good income from chilli&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Many
 consumers prefer to have chilli as a powder. Making chilli powder is a 
good way to make money and it does not require a lot of time to do this.
 Kenyan farmers can learn from West African business people who are 
reaping from the chilli powder business.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Alice
 Agossadou and Bernadette Ekpinda are chilli farmers who sell their 
products at a market in Cotonou, Benin. Retailers and wholesalers come 
from very far away to get their supplies. “We pay the children’s school 
fees and other household needs through sale of chillies,” says 
Agossadou. Ekpinda has also benefited from selling chillies: “My son has
 already finished his studies and is now a teacher through proceeds from
 my chilli sales.&quot; For the several years she has been in the chilli 
business, Aubierge Djossinou has supplied customers such as restaurants,
 shop owners and people who frequent her little spice shop in Cotonou, 
Benin.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ensure chilli quality to retain customers&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;“It
 is very important to have a product that does not change, that is of 
the same quality, the same taste, the same color and that is well 
packaged,” advises Djossinou. If you want to make chilli powder of high 
and consistent quality, use only chillies that are of one variety.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Chilli
 meant for making powder is best harvested without the stalk attached to
 the fruits because after crushing the chillies these stalks will leave 
small black particles in the powder. The quality of the chilli powder 
also depends on the care you put into it. Therefore, clean the chilli 
peppers first and remove the rotten ones. Remove any stems that still 
remain in the fruits.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Although most processors buy whole dried chilli fruits from the market, they sort, wash and dry it before turning it to powder.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How to dry chillies before grinding&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;To
 obtain high quality chilli powder, the chillies must be very dry. 
Farmers can dry their chilli in a gas drier overnight. The clean chilli 
is spread out on trays with mesh so that the hot air reaches the 
chillies and removes all the moisture.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Check
 regularly to see if the chillies are dry and change the position of the
 tray in the drier to ensure uniform drying. You can also dry chilli in 
the sun. Spread the fruit in the sun on a clean mat. Turn the chillies 
over every hour to ensure uniform drying. Dry them for five to ten days 
depending on the weather. To be sure that your chilli is dry, press some
 chillies in your hand. Well dried chillies make a cracking sound when 
you squeeze them.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Improving chilli taste&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;To
 give the powder more pleasant taste and aroma, some processors add 
other ingredients to the dry chilli before crushing it in the mill. “We 
sell two cans of chilli powder, with or without extra ingredients. I add
 pepper, garlic, dry ginger, small fish and salt, so that it has a nice 
taste.” Says Agossadou,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Apart
 from taste, salt also helps to better preserve chilli powder. Ekpinda 
has processed chilli for more than 20 years. “While crushing chillies, 
we must add salt because it keeps away the weevils and small red insects
 and the chilli powder will store well, even for a year,” she advises. 
Be careful when grinding chilli. The chilli dust can burn your bare skin
 and irritate your eyes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Grind
 the dried chilli in a mill repeatedly until you obtain a fine powder. 
The mill should only be used to grind chillies and spices.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Package well to maintain quality&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;In
 rural areas, chilli is crushed at the mill at night. Before grinding, 
remove the flour that is still at the mill or it will spoil your chilli 
powder. After crushing the chilli, allow it to cool down completely 
before putting it into containers. This is to avoid the powder getting 
moist and mouldy.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Maintain hygiene&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Hygiene
 is important at all times. If you are using recycled bottles, wash them
 thoroughly with detergent, water and bleach and rinse them well. Keep 
them clean and dry. You can seal the bottles with transparent adhesive 
cellotape so that moisture does not enter the bottles and spoil the 
powder. A printed label that shows the brand name and the date of 
expiration should be added in the container.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Now
 you can earn from your labour because chilli powder is sold at a good 
price since not many people have discovered income generation through 
value addition.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/feeds/366653384136045151/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/2265588476299169997/366653384136045151?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/366653384136045151'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/366653384136045151'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/2016/06/earn-more-from-chillies.html' title=' Earn more from chillies through value addition '/><author><name>Chandsar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15069347244368765486</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjgsvf7CnnDweZCT-3DoUIXkPlxH9WO_7AZmbBoY4Tp-ROwhvbvH3vaqOF5tLy0BVwbg3vD-QAhNwfbtptfsYzgRwOPfc54jt3tmszfj4ZwmpGjxrlsGIVCfJrYcn0NYXlU78yM0Hu_Y0/s72-c/Growng+chillies.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265588476299169997.post-8673979829832884710</id><published>2016-06-23T12:00:00.001+05:30</published><updated>2016-06-23T12:00:11.703+05:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Organic Farmer"/><title type='text'> Grow chillies to diversify your sources of income </title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEAL6GXBvavjS0MMYqzznAiUdhScdAJ96ZK7kkeveM8IuxQ2799E7KvcgtRFU9JFUc0Xj8fcXacP-bSVVq244fTI6fFAAzkKOF7Bk-2XXv1mmbKggX3DlVrNyMKsshgJPL-RPgMQvEK0A/s1600/Chillies_0.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEAL6GXBvavjS0MMYqzznAiUdhScdAJ96ZK7kkeveM8IuxQ2799E7KvcgtRFU9JFUc0Xj8fcXacP-bSVVq244fTI6fFAAzkKOF7Bk-2XXv1mmbKggX3DlVrNyMKsshgJPL-RPgMQvEK0A/s1600/Chillies_0.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Chillies (&lt;em&gt;Capsicum frutescens L.&lt;/em&gt;), hot pepper or &lt;em&gt;pilipilikali&lt;/em&gt;,
 belongs to the family Solanaceae. They are grown mostly for their fresh
 fruits used to flavour soups and stews and for seasoning and making 
sauces. Chillies are rich in vitamin C (100-500mg ascorbic acid/g of 
fresh fruit).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climatic requirements&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;In
 Kenya, the major areas of production are in altitudes below 2000m such 
as Machakos, Makueni, Meru, Murang’a, Kiambu and Kisumu counties. Most 
cultivars are adapted to temperatures of 20-30°C. Temperatures above 
30°C or below 18°C may affect the production of pollen which is 
important for the pollination of the crop. Adequate rainfall levels of 
600 - 1200mm per year are required for successful production of 
chillies. Commercial production may require the use of irrigation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Soil&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Fertile
 loam soil with high organic matter content and a pH of 5.5-6.8 is 
needed to grow good chillies. The quality of pepper is greatly affected 
by soil fertility and nutrient levels in the soil. Chillies do not do 
well in clay soils. They grow well in soils well-drained to a depth of 
600mm. The soil must permit adequate root growth to support the plant 
and supply water oxygen and mineral nutrients.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nursery establishment&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Chillies
 are propagated using seeds. They should be planted in nurseries in 
plastic cups or by make raised beds 1m wide, 15cm high and of required 
length (several 3-5m long beds are more ideal than one long bed). Cover 
the seed bed with a plastic sheet for about three weeks to control 
soil-borne diseases and even weeds (this process is 
called&amp;nbsp;solarisation). After sowing chillies in the seedbeds, 
transplanting can be done 30-40 days after planting when 8-10 true 
leaves appear.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Hardening
 of seedlings before transplanting is done by removing shade (do not 
irrigate 3-4 days after transplanting). Chillies can be intercropped 
with other perennial crops such as garlic and onions. Plough and harrow 
the field to a fine soil texture then dig holes spaced at 60x60cm for 
planting your chillies. It is important to apply compost in the holes 
before transplanting or spread 10-20 tons/ha and mix it with the soil. 
Make sure the soil is moist when planting.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;It
 is highly recommended to establish chilli seedlings on wet soil. Always
 make sure that the holes on the ridges where the seedlings are about to
 be transplanted are exactly the same size as the seedlings plugs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fertilization&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Correct
 application of fertilizers determines the success of any chilli crop. 
Chilli require soils with a pH of 5.6 – 6.8, phosphorus 30-60mg/kg, 
potassium 100 - 250mg/kg, calcium 300-2000mg/ kg, magnesium 120-300mg/kg
 and nitrogen 10-50mg/kg.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Irrigation&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Water
 supply should be adequate at all times - but excess water can damage 
the crop. It is important to apply just enough water to ensure optimum 
growth.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Varieties in Kenya&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;They include&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;• Long red cayenne&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;• Cayenne long slim&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;• Anaheim&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;• Jalapeno&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;• Fresno (bullet chillies)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;• Bird eye chilli&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Pest and diseases affecting chillies&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;width: 628px;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;width: 112px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Disease&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 141px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Damage&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 357px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Control&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;width: 112px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Leaf spot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 141px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Round spots on the leaves&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 357px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Proper field hygiene&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;width: 112px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Powdery mildew&lt;br /&gt;
   (Unique to the&lt;br /&gt;
   Solanaceae family)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 141px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;• Invades through stomata&lt;br /&gt;
   directly to cuticles&lt;br /&gt;
   • Causes yellowish spots on&lt;br /&gt;
   leaves&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 357px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;• Apply natural fungicide like Fosphite 53 SL® (from Juanco)&lt;br /&gt;
   • Use flow irrigation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;width: 112px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Anthracnose seed&lt;br /&gt;
   borne&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 141px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Brown grey sunken spot on&lt;br /&gt;
   fruit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 357px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;• Hot water treatment of seeds before planting use of certified&lt;br /&gt;
   disease-free seeds.&lt;br /&gt;
   • Use hot water to treat own produced seeds.&lt;br /&gt;
   • Practise field sanitation (removal of crop debris after harvest).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;width: 112px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Viruses i.e potato&lt;br /&gt;
   virus y, tomato&lt;br /&gt;
   mosaic virus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 141px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Mosaic patterns on leaves,&lt;br /&gt;
   yellow spots, deformation&lt;br /&gt;
   and distortion, curling of&lt;br /&gt;
   leaves&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 357px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;• Plant resistant cultivars if available.&lt;br /&gt;
   • Select planting dates to avoid high population of vectors.&lt;br /&gt;
   • Close plant spacing to compensate for diseased plants.&lt;br /&gt;
   • Use barrier crops to minimize virus spread.&lt;br /&gt;
   • Use oil sprays to reduce virus transmission by aphids.&lt;br /&gt;
   • Use reflective mulches to repel aphids and thrips.&lt;br /&gt;
   • Use certified disease-free seed in case of tobacco mosaic virus.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;width: 112px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Pest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 141px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Damage&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 357px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Control&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;width: 112px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;African bollworm&lt;br /&gt;
   The major pest on&lt;br /&gt;
   chillies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 141px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Bores in to the fruits and&lt;br /&gt;
   flowers creating holes that&lt;br /&gt;
   lead to rotting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 357px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;• Inspect the field for bollworm caterpillars to start control.&lt;br /&gt;
   • Practice deep cultivation to destroy pupae in the soil.&lt;br /&gt;
   • Avoid planting susceptible crops in succession.&lt;br /&gt;
   • Parasitoids such as Trichogramma spp, and predators ladybird&lt;br /&gt;
   beetles used with biopesticide like neem&lt;br /&gt;
   • Use of IPM Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)&lt;br /&gt;
   • Insect growth regulators such as Match&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;width: 112px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Leafhoppers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 141px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Suck sap from the leaves&lt;br /&gt;
   and distort growing points&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 357px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;• Sticky traps&lt;br /&gt;
   • Removing and destroying infected plants&lt;br /&gt;
   • Natural predators like lacewings&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;width: 112px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Whiteflies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 141px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;• Suck sap from leave and&lt;br /&gt;
   buds leaving honey dew&lt;br /&gt;
   • Results in wilting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 357px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;• Parasitic wasp B. tabaci (paralyzes whitefly larva)&lt;br /&gt;
   • Neem products as pesticide&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;width: 112px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Aphids&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 141px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;• Suck sap from leaves&lt;br /&gt;
   causing distortion&lt;br /&gt;
   • Causes leaf curls virus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 357px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Neem oils Nimbecidine® reduce aphids&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Harvesting and storage&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Chillies
 are usually ready for harvesting 3-6 weeks after flowering. They are 
either harvested when red or green depending on the use for a continuous
 two months. Those for drying and sauces should be red when harvesting. 
Careful handling is important and the harvested crop should be stored in
 well ventilated crates.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgt31H0oyQovcsnEkBhtNmLWGeRSTxRPjhczXk1UCvoYbXH3vGYn_8eRAlolIolHKDCHMORwi5fGKJ9QgOmlIarkv5nivM2hyphenhyphenobeVNPdwGO_u7r4mcrFZszLsT15W-fvHfOzHOiszA2rzQ/s1600/Chillies_0.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/feeds/8673979829832884710/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/2265588476299169997/8673979829832884710?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/8673979829832884710'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/8673979829832884710'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/2016/06/grow-chillies.html' title=' Grow chillies to diversify your sources of income '/><author><name>Chandsar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15069347244368765486</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEAL6GXBvavjS0MMYqzznAiUdhScdAJ96ZK7kkeveM8IuxQ2799E7KvcgtRFU9JFUc0Xj8fcXacP-bSVVq244fTI6fFAAzkKOF7Bk-2XXv1mmbKggX3DlVrNyMKsshgJPL-RPgMQvEK0A/s72-c/Chillies_0.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265588476299169997.post-5057190365731119771</id><published>2016-06-23T11:55:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2016-06-23T11:55:12.516+05:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Organic Farmer"/><title type='text'> Organic production is possible in a greenhouse </title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPLUIdNkanvrP8XiT2ANbhdomAoVSoyZXdUbzJ1nSeVdZ5oeMnOn486vY7Nr_h51XUKZZcnvGgYw4xPahoVSQOFMrpRgWB79O6kV2asaa3JGwfJDQvM_3ujWHAUSBUpyMwrL9at2-vvSQ/s1600/Tomato+fruit.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPLUIdNkanvrP8XiT2ANbhdomAoVSoyZXdUbzJ1nSeVdZ5oeMnOn486vY7Nr_h51XUKZZcnvGgYw4xPahoVSQOFMrpRgWB79O6kV2asaa3JGwfJDQvM_3ujWHAUSBUpyMwrL9at2-vvSQ/s1600/Tomato+fruit.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Is
 it possible to do organic greenhouse farming? Yes, it is possible to 
produce crops organically using a greenhouse. Production, however, 
requires a lot of care to prevent and control common crop diseases and 
pests in the greenhouse. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Apart
 from flowers and fruits, one of the most important crops that farmers 
prefer to grow under greenhouse conditions are tomatoes.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Tomatoes
 are prone to many diseases and pests. To grow them successfully, you 
will need to start by selecting a suitable place to put up the 
greenhouse to minimize the threat of diseases. The diseases and pests 
that affect tomatoes in a greenhouse are outlined below:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Diseases&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1. Bacterial wilt&lt;/strong&gt;: This is a devastating disease that is caused by bacteria called &lt;em&gt;Ralstonia solanacerum&lt;/em&gt;.
 The disease has no known cure. Bacterial wilt affects all crops in the 
potato family including tomatoes, chillies, capsicums, eggplant and 
bananas. The disease can only be controlled through crop rotation. For a
 farmer who wants to put up a greenhouse especially for tomato 
production, selection of the site to set up the greenhouse is very 
important. Select a site where none of the crops mentioned above have 
been grown for up to five years. Alternatively look for a new site where
 no crop has been grown before. Soil tests for bacterial wilt are very 
expensive and are therefore not a good option for most small scale 
farmers. No plants in the potato family should be planted near the 
greenhouse.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2. Early and late blight&lt;/strong&gt;:
 Tomatoes are prone to early and late blight. To control these diseases 
most farmers use chemicals. All chemicals are prohibited in organic 
farming except copper oxychloride (Cupravit®WP) you can spray this 
chemical at least once a week throughout the growing period.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pests&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Pests
 are easy to control in a greenhouse since the environment is 
controlled. A greenhouse has screens that keep out pests. But workers 
entering the greenhouse have to ensure the screens at the entrance do 
not allow pests to get in by keeping the screen doors closed at all 
times. Whiteflies are usually the most troublesome pests in greenhouses.
 To control them, place insect traps such as yellow sticky polyethylene 
papers all round the fence around the greenhouse and even inside it to 
trap insects like whiteflies.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Farmers can then use organic inputs such as those prepared using plant extracts (&lt;em&gt;See TOF issue No. 17, Plant extracts special edition&lt;/em&gt;).
 If well prepared, plant extracts combined with growth activators such 
as EM1 can boost crop health and create resistance against diseases. 
Except for labour, the cost of organic green house production is low 
compared to conventional greenhouse production. For farmers who would 
like to buy organic inputs for greenhouse production, there are many 
organic fungicides, nematicides and biopesticides available in the 
market that they can use. The table below shows some of the inputs 
farmers can use:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table align=&quot;left&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;width: 180px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Stage of growth&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 132px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Stage of growth&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 111px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dosage&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 100px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Spraying&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 158px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Application method&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;width: 180px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Before planting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 132px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Biox500&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 111px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;200ml&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 100px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;1 litre/ 90 m2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 158px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Drench (allow 2 days before planting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;width: 180px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Seed treatment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 132px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Trichotech&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Mytech&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Vitazyme&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 111px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;2.5g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;2.5g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;5ml per kilo seed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 100px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;-&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 158px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Mix the seeds with and dry under shade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;width: 180px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;At Planting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 132px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Agriorganic (6:7:7) fertilizer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 111px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;400kg/litre&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 100px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;-&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 158px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Apply in planting holes&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;furrows and mix well with soil&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;width: 180px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Two weeks after planting and up to flowering&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 132px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Vitazyme&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;Radiant&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 111px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;50ml 10ml in 20 litres of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica;&quot;&gt;water&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 100px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;8-12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 158px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Spray the mixture to run off&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/feeds/5057190365731119771/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/2265588476299169997/5057190365731119771?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/5057190365731119771'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/5057190365731119771'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/2016/06/greenhouse.html' title=' Organic production is possible in a greenhouse '/><author><name>Chandsar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15069347244368765486</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPLUIdNkanvrP8XiT2ANbhdomAoVSoyZXdUbzJ1nSeVdZ5oeMnOn486vY7Nr_h51XUKZZcnvGgYw4xPahoVSQOFMrpRgWB79O6kV2asaa3JGwfJDQvM_3ujWHAUSBUpyMwrL9at2-vvSQ/s72-c/Tomato+fruit.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265588476299169997.post-8688505988921150499</id><published>2016-06-23T11:50:00.003+05:30</published><updated>2016-06-23T11:53:31.630+05:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Organic Farmer"/><title type='text'> Take good care of seedlings to grow into maturity </title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9Zk1PkxOwf-jtVs4AaiscYPSf3pc6vcUsTeBXVVF5gBBqVoWPYzw7xgUXZMfYq75y3_qcyy9b8GSUa13A2gnzphYrwpVBQfv0Scwt-aSiCRbilQahBgOLWmCr5M8YCdxfgpbz7GuO0Bk/s1600/Tree+Seedlings.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9Zk1PkxOwf-jtVs4AaiscYPSf3pc6vcUsTeBXVVF5gBBqVoWPYzw7xgUXZMfYq75y3_qcyy9b8GSUa13A2gnzphYrwpVBQfv0Scwt-aSiCRbilQahBgOLWmCr5M8YCdxfgpbz7GuO0Bk/s1600/Tree+Seedlings.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Young
 seedlings of trees or vegetables need great care to ensure they grow 
into strong and healthy trees and crops. Continuous nurturing and good 
management is necessary for proper growth.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;The
 rainy season has started and is a good time to grow different crops and
 trees. The first step in successful trees and vegetable production is 
to raise healthy vigorous seedlings. This means that if a farmer is to 
get high yields and more returns from their trees and vegetables, proper
 care of seedlings must be done. This is also important in preventing 
crop failure.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Young
 plants need a lot of care particularly during the early stages of 
growth. They have to be protected from unfavourable temperatures, heavy 
rains, drought, wind, pests and diseases. When small-seeded vegetables 
are sown directly in the field, germination is not often guaranteed and 
the young plants grow very slowly and take a long time to mature. The 
season can also be too short for full development in the field.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;To
 overcome these problems many trees and vegetable seedlings can either 
be bought or grown in nurseries before being transplanted in the field. 
Seedlings have the best chance of survival when planted soon after 
purchase.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Storage&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Storage
 of seeds before planting affects the performance of seedlings. It is 
important for the farmer to store newly purchased seeds in a cool dark 
area. If your seedlings especially tree seedlings are stored for more 
than a few days, open the bag and dampen the roots periodically. Do not 
soak or leave the roots submerged in water while the seedlings are in 
storage. For vegetable seedlings, keep them moist but not soggy. 
Seedlings need moisture, so it is important they do not dry out.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;When to plant&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Plant
 seedlings as soon as possible, preferably at the beginning of the rainy
 season. This period is often ideal because soil moisture is very high. 
Farmers can expect a certain amount of losses through drying up,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;although
 this will depend a great deal on how carefully they are planted and 
weather conditions during the early period of transplant shock.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Where to plant&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Like
 trees and shrubs, vegetables also have soil and light requirements that
 must be considered when selecting where they will be planted. They grow
 well if planted in locations with enough sunlight and in soils that 
have good drainage and enough top soil.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj271w7RXkfJl6W_Zvn2RbK7wd2wTI8Y85TsuTt7CmdiJhuYrESMbV2X16qfn1CHAHd1rffRibhlsCT8PQVaWCc9JScIk1L1BttEhaxYdifICV54BV-zSgHfqiifNeyAawyoCBOpyiehC4/s1600/Tree+planting+sketch.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj271w7RXkfJl6W_Zvn2RbK7wd2wTI8Y85TsuTt7CmdiJhuYrESMbV2X16qfn1CHAHd1rffRibhlsCT8PQVaWCc9JScIk1L1BttEhaxYdifICV54BV-zSgHfqiifNeyAawyoCBOpyiehC4/s1600/Tree+planting+sketch.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Proper planting and management of trees and even vegetables increases survival rates and good yields.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Seedling management&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Watering: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;The
 seedbed or seed box should be watered carefully with a fine stream of 
water. After the plants are well established, watering should be done 
thoroughly but not too often. It is advisable to irrigate seedlings in 
the morning, not in the afternoon as this leaves the soil surface moist 
overnight, a condition favouring damping off condition.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Shading: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;Shading
 should be done to protect the young seedlings from high heat intensity 
in sunny areas and also from heavy rain. Shade can be provided by 
polythene nets or even grass. The shade should be removed some days 
before transplanting to allow the seedlings to acclimatize to field 
conditions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Thinning: T&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;his is a way of regulating plant density in rows and in holes. During thinning, weak, diseased&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;plants are pulled out to allow healthy seedlings to grow well. It is normally done when seedlings have formed a few true leaves.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Insect pest and disease control&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;This
 is a continuous process from seedling emergence to transplanting. It is
 normally done by physical means but organic control methods like use of
 ash can also be used.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Weeding: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;This is done by pulling out any unwanted weeds by hand.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Hardening-off: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;Transplants
 must be ‘hardenedoff’ so that they can withstand the change from a 
relatively sheltered and protected environment to a sometimes harsh open
 situation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Generally,
 hardening is done from about 1 to 2 weeks before transplanting 
seedlings, hardening is achieved by gradually exposing them to higher 
(or lower) temperature and the higher light intensity prevailing in the 
field. It should, however, not involve any treatment that may reduce the
 rate of&amp;nbsp;photosynthesis, such as nutrient stress. Care should be taken 
not to overharden plants, as this may delay&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;maturity and in some instances even reduce crop yields.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Transplanting: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;This
 refers to the act of lifting the seedlings from the seedbeds or 
containers and transferring them to the field where the actual planting 
is desired. When transplanting, one should aim to&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;interrupt
 growth as little as possible - if this is not done properly it can 
severely delay growth or in extreme cases cause death of transplants. 
Most vegetable seedlings are ready to be moved 4-8 weeks after sowing.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;It
 normally takes four weeks for tomato, cabbage, broccoli, watermelon, 
kales and spinach seedlings to be ready for transplanting. Onions take 
about five weeks while hot and sweet peppers take seven weeks.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/feeds/8688505988921150499/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/2265588476299169997/8688505988921150499?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/8688505988921150499'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/8688505988921150499'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/2016/06/grow-into-maturity.html' title=' Take good care of seedlings to grow into maturity '/><author><name>Chandsar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15069347244368765486</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9Zk1PkxOwf-jtVs4AaiscYPSf3pc6vcUsTeBXVVF5gBBqVoWPYzw7xgUXZMfYq75y3_qcyy9b8GSUa13A2gnzphYrwpVBQfv0Scwt-aSiCRbilQahBgOLWmCr5M8YCdxfgpbz7GuO0Bk/s72-c/Tree+Seedlings.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265588476299169997.post-2555895109832474995</id><published>2016-06-23T11:34:00.001+05:30</published><updated>2016-06-23T11:53:13.478+05:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Organic Farmer"/><title type='text'> Improved green grams hold hope for farmers </title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiV_ckK-2gjivQBMVVMUUY72DmqLVAZxVBUmyao18Kl5-GCQLmVHIiZMHomDd-PuwZcQ7ijRynZaOjIckn9LlbSo3XNkBWoOXE1yOAnaq7XCsGFwFbaCV6ChlCgtq2tRV7FAa2Aw0Vvzn8/s1600/Improved+green+grams+hold+hope+for+farmers.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiV_ckK-2gjivQBMVVMUUY72DmqLVAZxVBUmyao18Kl5-GCQLmVHIiZMHomDd-PuwZcQ7ijRynZaOjIckn9LlbSo3XNkBWoOXE1yOAnaq7XCsGFwFbaCV6ChlCgtq2tRV7FAa2Aw0Vvzn8/s1600/Improved+green+grams+hold+hope+for+farmers.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;For
 a very long time, farmers have been complaining of the rapid reduction 
in green grams yields. But now a group of farmers is smiling all the way
 to the bank. Research institutes like KALRO have been working 
tirelessly to ensure farmers have green gram varieties with much higher 
yields than the local green gram varieties.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Indigenous
 green grams have small seeds with the plants maturing at different 
times. Most of the time they mature late. Consumers complain that such 
varieties have a lot of stony seeds, which makes&amp;nbsp;a green gram meal 
difficult to eat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;The improved variety K26&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;On
 the other hand, the improved KALRO variety has large seeds that gives 
high yields with the plants ripening at the same time. K26 variety also 
matures early and does well in dry areas. Currently, a bag of green 
grams goes for Kshs.9,000. The seeds are available at any KALRO office. 
Farmers need to contact KALRO station near them.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Land preparation and planting&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Prepare
 land early enough so that planting can start when the rains begin. 
Green grams can be planted alone or intercropped with other crops like 
maize. When planted alone, sow at 1 ½ ft between rows and ½ ft between 
plants. One acre of land will require 2 to 4 gorogoros (4 to 8 kg) of 
seed for planting.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Weeding&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;The first weeding should be done 3 weeks after the seeds have emerged followed by the second weeding 6 weeks later.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pests and diseases&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Insect
 pests that attack green grams are bean aphids, bean fly and bruchid 
weevils. They can be controlled by planting early and practicing crop 
rotation. The main disease that affects green gram is powdery mildew. 
You can detect it when you see whitish growth under the leaves. This can
 be controlled by using certified seed and practicing crop rotation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Harvesting&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Harvest
 green grams when most of the pods have turned black. You can pick and 
dry individual pods or uproot the whole plant and dry it for about 2 
days, then thresh and clean it.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Storage&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;You
 must dry green grams well before storing because bruchid weevils attack
 the stored grain. It is best to store the grain in covered tins, drums,
 pots or sealed containers. If you store it in bags, add the ash of neem
 leaves.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Yields&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Average
 yields range from 1 to 2 bags (90 -180 kg) per acre. If you follow the 
above steps you can get up to 4 bags (360 kg) per acre. The stalk is 
good livestock feed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Apart
 from planting high yielding varieties of green grams, farmers can 
increase the productivity of their green gram beans and other legumes by
 keeping bees in the farms. According to research, total yields in crops
 can increase by up to 30 per cent through pollination by bees. Avoid 
the use of chemicals if you want to benefit from pollination services 
from bees.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiy9QPDojXlwExdPe-fm6gB3TZ7soPFHhjA7fH6Tll90ug0O4Wd0XLPXcyY5_iyfXLcIBVA5n5GZXn16Wz5G3TMXW1tAe_Y7SIPseyWF29i3708rhp1LELexj6PAiGnuP1WzuvXYNu6cuc/s1600/Green+Grams+2.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiy9QPDojXlwExdPe-fm6gB3TZ7soPFHhjA7fH6Tll90ug0O4Wd0XLPXcyY5_iyfXLcIBVA5n5GZXn16Wz5G3TMXW1tAe_Y7SIPseyWF29i3708rhp1LELexj6PAiGnuP1WzuvXYNu6cuc/s1600/Green+Grams+2.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Where to get the seed&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Seeds
 can be obtained from Kenya&amp;nbsp;Seed Company, KALRO Katumani,&amp;nbsp;KALRO Kitale. 
You can also contact your local extension officer for guidance.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/feeds/2555895109832474995/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/2265588476299169997/2555895109832474995?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/2555895109832474995'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/2555895109832474995'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/2016/06/green-grams-hold-hope.html' title=' Improved green grams hold hope for farmers '/><author><name>Chandsar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15069347244368765486</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiV_ckK-2gjivQBMVVMUUY72DmqLVAZxVBUmyao18Kl5-GCQLmVHIiZMHomDd-PuwZcQ7ijRynZaOjIckn9LlbSo3XNkBWoOXE1yOAnaq7XCsGFwFbaCV6ChlCgtq2tRV7FAa2Aw0Vvzn8/s72-c/Improved+green+grams+hold+hope+for+farmers.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2265588476299169997.post-8165950859951767502</id><published>2016-06-23T11:30:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2016-06-23T11:52:31.879+05:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Organic Farmer"/><title type='text'> Adopt push-pull farming technology for multiple benefits</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRu4_sLX5E0Yn8J73vOMiQfFYqiQi5mWfdg6MfFwRp4JeuNXkABwCrdtV4f5A4xJybPghLyNAUIrCkr1z6CQI1B1pGAJfgpz7Rw9oufgIrL004rGebNcs9tLFXiyKv-pr1mwr2b580_W4/s1600/dopt-push-pull-farming-technology-multiple-benefits.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRu4_sLX5E0Yn8J73vOMiQfFYqiQi5mWfdg6MfFwRp4JeuNXkABwCrdtV4f5A4xJybPghLyNAUIrCkr1z6CQI1B1pGAJfgpz7Rw9oufgIrL004rGebNcs9tLFXiyKv-pr1mwr2b580_W4/s1600/dopt-push-pull-farming-technology-multiple-benefits.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Over
 the years, push–pull farming technology has been addressing critical 
concerns of small holder cereal and livestock farmers. These farmers 
face many challenges including poor soils, managing pressure of pests 
and striga parasitic weeds (nicknamed the witch weed), poor yields, and 
low milk production due to shortage of high-quality livestock fodder.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Establishing a push-pull plot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;• It is important to ensure the land is cleared, ploughed and the soil broken down until it is fine.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;• Using pegs and ropes, measure the first plot of 21m × 21m. A push pull plot can be as small as 10m × 10m, or as big as any &lt;i&gt;shamba&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;• Use a string to measure and ensure you have a square. Put pegs at opposite sides of the square at intervals of 75cm each.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Planting Napier grass&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;• Select healthy Napier grass for planting. Do not plant Napier grass that has stunt disease. &lt;i&gt;Ouma &lt;/i&gt;and &lt;i&gt;South Africa &lt;/i&gt;varieties are the best varieties of Napier grass for use in Push-pull because they are resistant to Napier stunt.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;• Dig holes along the demarcated lines ready for planting Dig holes at each peg on border of the marked plot.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;• Apply 2 handfulls of well decomposed farmyard manure in each hole.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;• Place a three node cane into each hole at an angle of 30˚ to 40˚ all facing one direction.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;• Cover with soil ensuring that two nodes of the cane are well covered.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;• If you are using root splits, place them upright into the planting holes and cover the soil.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Repeat
 the same process for the second and third rows, ensuring that the rows 
are 75cm apart and 75cm between the plants within the rows.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Weeding and crop management&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Early
 weeding is very important for the successful establishment of a 
push-pull plot. Carry out the first weeding when the maize is 3 weeks 
old, and second weeding when maize is 5 weeks old. It is important to 
distinguish between desmodium and weeds.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Harvesting Napier grass&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Harvest
 the Napier grass one row at a time, starting with the inner row. Give 
the harvested row time to grow before harvesting the next row.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Harvesting Desmodium&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;You
 can harvest desmodium seeds for future use or for sale. Wear polythene 
over your clothes to prevent the pods sticking on your clothes. Thresh 
desmodium seeds on a stone using old rubber shoe.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Winnow the threshed seeds.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;•
 Harvest desmodium after harvesting maize from the field. During the 
first season, do not harvest desmodium until it has established well. 
Trimmed desmodium will regenerate for the next planting season.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;•
 Do not allow livestock to graze in your push pull field after 
harvesting maize because direct grazing destroys desmodium and Napier 
grass.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Farmers can get desmodium seeds from Kenya Seed and its subsidiaries or any KALRO centre near them&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/feeds/8165950859951767502/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/2265588476299169997/8165950859951767502?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/8165950859951767502'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2265588476299169997/posts/default/8165950859951767502'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://chandsar.blogspot.com/2016/06/push-pull-farming.html' title=' Adopt push-pull farming technology for multiple benefits'/><author><name>Chandsar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15069347244368765486</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRu4_sLX5E0Yn8J73vOMiQfFYqiQi5mWfdg6MfFwRp4JeuNXkABwCrdtV4f5A4xJybPghLyNAUIrCkr1z6CQI1B1pGAJfgpz7Rw9oufgIrL004rGebNcs9tLFXiyKv-pr1mwr2b580_W4/s72-c/dopt-push-pull-farming-technology-multiple-benefits.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>