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		<title>Wake County District Attorney Watch: Melanie Shekita Enters the Race</title>
		<link>https://www.chetson.com/melanie-shekita-enters-the-race/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Damon Chetson]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 17 Jun 2025 18:16:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Wake County District Attorney Watch]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[wakeDA]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.chetson.com/running-for-da-what-does-it-cost-copy/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Melanie Shekita, who has been an assistant district attorney focused primarily on special victims for much of her two decades in Wake County, has announced her candidacy for Wake County District Attorney. She plans a fundraiser in a week with Colon Willoughby as a named host.  In addition to her length of service to the &#8230; <a href="https://www.chetson.com/melanie-shekita-enters-the-race/" class="more-link">Continue reading<span class="screen-reader-text"> "Wake County District Attorney Watch: Melanie Shekita Enters the Race"</span></a>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Melanie Shekita, who has been an assistant district attorney focused primarily on special victims for much of her two decades in Wake County, has announced her candidacy for Wake County District Attorney.</p>
<p><span style="font-size: revert;">She plans a fundraiser in a week with Colon Willoughby as a named host.  In addition to her length of service to the office, the backing of Willoughby who hired Shekita as a junior </span>prosecutor<span style="font-size: revert;"> in the early 2000s and </span>was<span style="font-size: revert;"> himself the elected District Attorney for Wake County until his resignation in 2014 puts Shekita in a strong position.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: revert;">As the special victims&#8217; unit lead, Shekita has lead the time that prosecutes Wake County&#8217;s child-victim (child abuse, child pornography) and sex-offense (rape, sexual assaults, and sex offender) cases.  She has also prosecuted other high profile and serious offenses, including capital murder cases.</span></p>
<p>Shekita&#8217;s campaign appears to be run by <a href="http://www.campaignconnections.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Brad Crone, a Raleigh-based campaign consultant</a></p>
<p>Her sole announced opponent in the Democratic primary right now is Sherita Walton, whose campaign appears to be run by <a href="https://www.mavstrat.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Maven Strategies</a>, campaign consultants who previous supported outgoing DA Lorrin Freeman&#8217;s election efforts.</p>
<p>I&#8217;ll post updates here under the tag #wakeDA</p>

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		<title>Running for DA: Reaching Beyond the Courthouse</title>
		<link>https://www.chetson.com/reaching-beyond-the-courthouse/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Damon Chetson]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 24 May 2025 16:22:37 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Wake County District Attorney Watch]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[wakeDA]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.chetson.com/running-for-da-what-does-it-cost-copy/</guid>

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        <p>The election for Wake County District Attorney is a general race among the registered Democrats and independents who choose to vote in the Democratic Primary.  Since the county overwhelmingly leans Democratic, the primary will effectively determine who will be elected after defeating the Republican in November. </p>
<p>Given the office of District Attorney is an actual job, where real work must be done to help law enforcement and the State process 10,000s of cases each month, some of the candidates will be prosecutors or defense lawyers who have worked in the system and have ideas on how to make the system better.  As a defense attorney, that was part of my campaign in 2022.  </p>
<p>But the race itself is not a courthouse race, particularly this time around when the current office holder has announced she will not run again leaving the field wide open.</p>
<p>Consequently, woe be the courthouse lawyer &#8211; prosecutor or defense lawyer &#8211; who thinks that just because they have been effective at his or her job, and just because he or she understands the system and has reforms to make, he or she is entitled to win the race.  Certainly competence is one component of a campaign message, but it is not the only component, and translating an overall message that resonates with voters, many of whom have no idea what the District Attorney is, is a challenge.</p>
<p>The fact is that most people have no interest in the office, and have no understanding of what the office actually does.  And so messaging that focuses on internal reforms will not energize votes.</p>
<p>Being a good lawyer will not win the race.  </p>
<p>A well-run and well-financed campaign will win the race.  The Democratic Party apparatus in Wake County is not what it used to be.  It holds very little sway over the Democratic base.  In 2022, it didn&#8217;t even hold a campaign forum for Wake County District Attorney.  It&#8217;s run essentially by volunteers with a professional executive director.  </p>
<p>While there may be candidates who have attended lots of Wake County Democratic Party events &#8211; from precinct zoom events to county wide dinners to meetings of various of usually poorly attended constituent groups &#8211; Young Wake Dems, Wake Progressives, etc. &#8211; candidates have to get out beyond the courthouse and beyond the Wake Democratic party to reach voters at various gathering that happen where voters are in attendance. </p>
<p>In order to do that, a campaign needs paid staff or a well-organized volunteer staff that can canvass events and canvass targeted neighborhoods that tend to match that campaign&#8217;s vision.</p>    </div>
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		<title>Running for DA: What Does it Cost?</title>
		<link>https://www.chetson.com/running-for-wake-da/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Damon Chetson]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 24 May 2025 15:34:03 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Wake County District Attorney Watch]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[wakeDA]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.chetson.com/wake-county-district-attorney-race-copy/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Running for the District Attorney of a roughly million person county takes money.  What are the expenses and what kind of money is required?  In 2022, I raised roughly $140,000. In addition, outside groups spent, if I recall correctly, another $300,000 to $400,000 to essentially support my campaign.  Some of them, like the ACLU of &#8230; <a href="https://www.chetson.com/running-for-wake-da/" class="more-link">Continue reading<span class="screen-reader-text"> "Running for DA: What Does it Cost?"</span></a>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Running for the District Attorney of a roughly million person county takes money.  What are the expenses and what kind of money is required? </p>
<p>In 2022, I raised roughly $140,000. In addition, outside groups spent, if I recall correctly, another $300,000 to $400,000 to essentially support my campaign.  Some of them, like the ACLU of North Carolina, did issue mailers to targeted voters.  Others, like the Color of Change PAC, did issue mailers and door knocking.  Law prohibits the coordination of the campaign &#8211; i.e., me &#8211; and outside groups, so I could not direct them what to do, nor could they ask me what I would have wanted them to do.  </p>
<p>The bulk of fundraising came from people I knew or had life-long friendships with, including family and college friends.  People with higher net-worth friends can raise more money.  While campaign consultants will tell the candidate to &#8220;dial for dollars&#8221; by cold calling lists of people who have given, in my experience it&#8217;s hard to convince someone to give if you don&#8217;t know them personally and especially if they don&#8217;t live in Wake County.</p>
<p>People who have had prior experience either serving in or running in elective office will have a much easier time raising money.  In some cases, they may have the money already raised, in which case they will be permitted to use that toward a run for DA.  In other cases, they will have built up friendships with people who have a habit of giving to a political campaign and have the money to do so.  And so asking those people to give for a run for Wake County District Attorney will be relatively easy, and much easier than cold-calling.</p>
<p>The money having been raised, everything else is much easier. </p>
<p>Where does the money go?  A treasurer.  The first thing I did was to hire a treasurer, whose task is to simply make sure the campaign is compliant with state campaign finance laws and file the campaign finance reports.  The expense was relatively low &#8211; under $5,000 over the whole campaign &#8211; and reduced stress on me to do that work myself or the worry of relying on a volunteer.  Since I was running for an office whose whole mission is integrity, the last thing I wanted was even an innocent campaign finance violation.</p>
<p>A campaign manager.  For most of my campaign, I had a professional campaign manager.  A volunteer simply will not work since, unless a very special person, volunteers will treat what is crucial work as optional.  Since I had to keep working at my day job of being a criminal defense lawyer, I could not simply spend time each week managing my campaign and running for office.  Given the election will be next Spring when the Democratic Party primary takes place, you would expect roughly $60,000 to $80,000 to go to a campaign manager over the next year.</p>
<p>The other expenses then will be signs, door tags for canvassing, some bumper stickers, social media/internet advertising.  Radio and television ads are unlikely expenditures for anyone but the most well-funded campaign.</p>
<p>The best funded campaign may have two or three paid staff members, the value of which is fantastic, especially if the candidate himself or herself does not need to hold a job during the course of the campaign.</p>
<p>I&#8217;ll post updates here under the tag #wakeDA</p>

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		<title>Wake County District Attorney Race</title>
		<link>https://www.chetson.com/wake-county-district-attorney-race/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Damon Chetson]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 22 May 2025 20:46:35 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Wake County District Attorney Watch]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[wakeDA]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.chetson.com/federal-criminal-defense-during-the-second-trump-administration-copy/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Wake County District Attorney Lorrin Freeman announced she would finish out her term, but not run for re-election.   As I wrote on Facebook, we all owe Lorrin gratitude for the more than a decade she has served as District Attorney following service as the Clerk of Court.   When I ran against Lorrin in &#8230; <a href="https://www.chetson.com/wake-county-district-attorney-race/" class="more-link">Continue reading<span class="screen-reader-text"> "Wake County District Attorney Race"</span></a>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Wake County District Attorney Lorrin Freeman announced she would finish out her term, but not run for re-election.  </p>
<p>As I wrote on Facebook, we all owe Lorrin gratitude for the more than a decade she has served as District Attorney following service as the Clerk of Court.  </p>
<p>When I ran against Lorrin in 2022, I had some sharp policy disagreements that I expressed during the campaign.  But during this term, the office under Lorrin&#8217;s leadership has worked diligently to get through the backlog that was created during COVID with a very large number of homicide cases having been resolved by trial or plea.  The office has also not sought the death penalty beyond the Brandon Hill case which had already previously been declared capital.</p>
<p><a href="https://www.waltonforwake.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sherita Walton, a former Wake County Assistant District Attorney and current lawyer for the Raleigh Police Department</a>, has announced her candidacy.  A current assistant district attorney with the District Attorney&#8217;s Office is in the formative stages, but has not yet formally announced.  Observers think another three or four candidates will run for the Democratic Party primary, which, given that Wake County leans heavily for the Democrats, would effectively make the primary the election itself.</p>
<p>I&#8217;m glad that Lorrin has announced her desire not to seek the office again so that we can have a vigorous and open election about who should be the top law enforcement officer for the County.</p>
<p>I&#8217;ll post updates here under the tag #wakeDA</p>

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		<title>Federal Criminal Defense During the Second Trump Administration</title>
		<link>https://www.chetson.com/federal-criminal-trump/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Damon Chetson]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 22 Feb 2025 04:59:49 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Federal Criminal Law]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.chetson.com/halscott-megaro-back-before-the-bar-copy/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Donald Trump campaigned in 2024 on ending violent crime, but still a month into his new term the direction of his Department of Justice is still unclear. &#160; While his newly confirmed Attorney General Pam Bondi has said in interviews that the president&#8217;s directive &#8211; to Make America Safe &#8211; provides clear guidance, means that &#8230; <a href="https://www.chetson.com/federal-criminal-trump/" class="more-link">Continue reading<span class="screen-reader-text"> "Federal Criminal Defense During the Second Trump Administration"</span></a>]]></description>
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<p><img data-tf-not-load="1" fetchpriority="high" loading="auto" decoding="auto" width="498" height="206" decoding="async" class="sFlh5c FyHeAf iPVvYb" style="font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-size ); font-style: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-style ); text-align: var(--text-align); caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; max-width: 498px; width: 498px; height: 206px; margin: 0px;" src="https://vettingroom.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/ednc.png?w=500" alt="Prof. Richard Myers – Nominee to the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina | The Vetting Room" aria-hidden="false"></p><p>Donald Trump campaigned in 2024 on ending violent crime, but still a month into his new term the direction of his Department of Justice is still unclear. &nbsp;</p>
<p>While his newly confirmed <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/pam-bondi-confirmed-as-attorney-general/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Attorney General Pam Bondi</a> has said in interviews that the president&#8217;s directive &#8211; to Make America Safe &#8211; provides clear guidance, means that the administration will focus on violent crime and illegal immigration, that guidance has not yet been put into effect yet in the Eastern District of North Carolina.</p>
<p>Moreover, President Trump has yet to nominate a new United States Attorney for the EDNC.</p>
<p>If the federal government continues to prosecute on violent crime, that focus would not represent a change for the EDNC, where violent crime and drug crimes have historically<a href="https://www.justice.gov/usao-ednc/pr/ednc-prosecuted-281-illegal-firearms-offenders-and-forfeited-249-illegal-firearms-2023" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> been the focus of the local federal prosecutors</a>. &nbsp;</p>
<p>As a &#8220;guns and drugs&#8221; district, EDNC prosecutors have avoided complex fraud and white collar prosecutions in favor of drug trafficking, Armed Career Criminal, Firearm by Felon, 924(c) Firearm in Furtherance, Hobbs Act (Robbery) violations.</p>								</div>
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		<title>Halscott Megaro Back Before the Bar</title>
		<link>https://www.chetson.com/halscott-megaro-back-before-the-bar/</link>
					<comments>https://www.chetson.com/halscott-megaro-back-before-the-bar/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Damon Chetson]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 14 Sep 2024 22:32:16 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Practicing Law]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.chetson.com/?p=13365</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Patrick Megaro&#8217;s license was suspended in 2021 for, among other things, bilking two intellectually disabled men out of unearned fees.  He appealed the case to the Court of Appeals as a pro se litigant.  The Bar&#8217;s Disciplinary Hearing Commission&#8217;s decision was affirmed in 2022, and, among other things, Megaro was ordered to pay restitution in &#8230; <a href="https://www.chetson.com/halscott-megaro-back-before-the-bar/" class="more-link">Continue reading<span class="screen-reader-text"> "Halscott Megaro Back Before the Bar"</span></a>]]></description>
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									<p><img data-tf-not-load="1" fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-medium wp-image-13163" src="https://www.chetson.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/A325C045-89AD-4D48-85B9-C27D9B518939-300x260.jpeg" alt="Patrick Megaro in a Green Shirt" width="300" height="260" srcset="https://www.chetson.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/A325C045-89AD-4D48-85B9-C27D9B518939-300x260.jpeg 300w, https://www.chetson.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/A325C045-89AD-4D48-85B9-C27D9B518939-1024x888.jpeg 1024w, https://www.chetson.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/A325C045-89AD-4D48-85B9-C27D9B518939-768x666.jpeg 768w, https://www.chetson.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/A325C045-89AD-4D48-85B9-C27D9B518939-1200x1041.jpeg 1200w, https://www.chetson.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/A325C045-89AD-4D48-85B9-C27D9B518939.jpeg 1230w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 85vw, 300px" />Patrick Megaro&#8217;s license was suspended in 2021 for, among other things, bilking two intellectually disabled men out of unearned fees.  He appealed the case to the Court of Appeals as a <em>pro se</em> litigant.  <a href="https://www.chetson.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Megaro-Patrick-Appeal.pdf">The Bar&#8217;s Disciplinary Hearing Commission&#8217;s decision was affirmed in 2022</a>, and, among other things, Megaro was ordered to pay restitution in the amount of $250,000 to his victims.</p>
<p>Meanwhile, his erstwhile partner, Jaime T. Halscott, was busy filing a frivolous lawsuit in Florida state court to try to secure back pay from the victims and to seek money from various guardians ad litem who had been appointed by courts to help the men Megaro had swindled.</p>
<p>The $75 million judgment secured by the lawyers who replaced Halscott Megaro was probably a pretty big factor in Halscott&#8217;s calculations about whether to try his luck. (<a href="https://www.carolinajournal.com/federal-appeals-court-reduces-judgment-for-pardoned-nc-brothers-by-46-million/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The judgment has since been reduced to about $63 million.</a>)</p>
<p>The case did not stay in Florida state court. It was removed to federal court, and then transferred to the Eastern District of North Carolina, where federal district Judge Terrence Boyle made quick work, dismissing it on a Rule 12(b)(6) motion.</p>
<p>Undeterred, young Halscott &#8211; his former partner Megaro having been suspended and busy writing courts around the country alerting them to his disabled status &#8211; appealed the matter to the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, which, once again, made quick work of the matter.</p>
<p>And now the chickens have come home to roost: <a href="https://www.chetson.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/SRy5aj-ComplaintNCSBvMegaroandHalscott.pdf">In July 2024, the North Carolina State Bar filed another complaint against Megaro and, this time, has included Jaime Halscott</a>.<br />The complaint alleges, among other misconduct, that Halscott filed a frivolous lawsuit in State court, failed to notify his former clients before filing the lawsuit, filed a baseless Motion to Recuse against Judge Boyle, and asserted issues that were in fact barred by collateral estoppel.</p>
<p>Good luck to both boys, as they approach nearly a decade of their lives living out this dream.</p>								</div>
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		<title>Federal Gun Rights: Vague and Indeterminate Post-Bruen</title>
		<link>https://www.chetson.com/federal-gun-rights-vague-and-indeterminate-post-bruen/</link>
					<comments>https://www.chetson.com/federal-gun-rights-vague-and-indeterminate-post-bruen/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Damon Chetson]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 21 Mar 2024 17:25:56 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Federal Criminal Law]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.chetson.com/?p=13341</guid>

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		<title>Cybertips and the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children</title>
		<link>https://www.chetson.com/cybertips-and-the-national-center-for-missing-and-exploited-children/</link>
					<comments>https://www.chetson.com/cybertips-and-the-national-center-for-missing-and-exploited-children/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Damon Chetson]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Mar 2024 22:47:48 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Child Abuse]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Child Pornography]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[Cybertip from Electronic Service Provider (ESP) In 2022, more than 32 million Cybertips were reported to NCMEC.  In 2021, Cybertips numbered just over 29 million. Federal law requires NCMEC to forward Cybertips to relevant state, federal or tribal agencies that work on cybercrimes.  NCMEC reported that of the 2022 year Cybertips, law enforcement responded back &#8230; <a href="https://www.chetson.com/cybertips-and-the-national-center-for-missing-and-exploited-children/" class="more-link">Continue reading<span class="screen-reader-text"> "Cybertips and the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children"</span></a>]]></description>
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									<h3>Cybertip from Electronic Service Provider (ESP)</h3>
<p style="font-weight: 400;">In 2022, more than <a href="https://www.missingkids.org/content/dam/missingkids/pdfs/2022-reports-by-esp.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">32 million Cybertips were reported to NCMEC</a>.  In 2021, Cybertips numbered just over 29 million. Federal law requires NCMEC to forward Cybertips to relevant state, federal or tribal agencies that work on cybercrimes.  <a href="https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/2023-02-14%20-%20QFR%20Responses%20-%20DeLaune.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">NCMEC reported that of the 2022 year Cybertips</a>, law enforcement responded back about just over 262,000 of those claims giving NCMEC information about the status. NCMEC was able to report that just over 60,000 of those Cybertips had resulted in convictions (61), investigations (47,250), or arrests (12,847).</p>
<h3>National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC)</h3>
<p style="font-weight: 400;">NCMEC was founded (<a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/34/11291" target="_blank" rel="noopener">34 U.S.C. § 11291</a>) in 1984 in response to a number of high-profile child abuse cases, including the abduction of Adam Walsh in Hollywood, Florida. The original pre-Internet act did not include a Cybertipline, but did include protection for children from sex offenders.  Over time, NCMEC’s role expanded to include maintenance of the tipline and database if known CSAM.  NCMEC has been reauthorized multiple times since its creation, and is scheduled for reauthorization in 2023-2024. </p>								</div>
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		<title>Obligation to Report Suspected Child Sex Abuse Material</title>
		<link>https://www.chetson.com/obligation-to-report-suspected-child-sex-abuse-material/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Damon Chetson]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 07 Mar 2024 22:30:17 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Child Pornography]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Federal Criminal Law]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[Obligation to Report CSAM Whether a service scans for contraband material or not, any service operating in the United States is required to report suspected CSAM to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC). 18 U.S.C. § 2258A provides that, “in order to reduce the proliferation of online child sexual exploitation and to &#8230; <a href="https://www.chetson.com/obligation-to-report-suspected-child-sex-abuse-material/" class="more-link">Continue reading<span class="screen-reader-text"> "Obligation to Report Suspected Child Sex Abuse Material"</span></a>]]></description>
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									<h3 style="font-weight: 400;">Obligation to Report CSAM</h3>
<p style="font-weight: 400;">Whether a service scans for contraband material or not, any service operating in the United States is required to report suspected CSAM to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC). <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/2258A" target="_blank" rel="noopener">18 U.S.C. § 2258A</a> provides that, “in order to reduce the proliferation of online child sexual exploitation and to prevent the online sexual exploitation of children,” any “electronic communication service provider or remote computing service” must report suspected CSAM.  Federal law further describes the contents of the required report – called a Cybertip – and designates NCMEC, a private non-profit, as the clearinghouse.  NCMEC was established in 1984 and has been reauthorized periodically by Congress.</p>
<p style="font-weight: 400;">NCMEC reported that only 236 of the 1,500 ESPs registered with the Cybertipline filed Cybertips in 2022. Five companies accounted for more than 93% of all reported Cybertips.</p>								</div>
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		<title>Hash Values in Child Pornography Cases</title>
		<link>https://www.chetson.com/hash-values-in-child-pornography-cases/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Damon Chetson]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 07 Mar 2024 22:25:01 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Child Abuse]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Child Pornography]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Federal Criminal Law]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.chetson.com/?p=13318</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Case Law, Hashing Algorithms, and Child Pornography Cases “Hashing is a powerful and pervasive technique used in nearly every examination of seized digital media. The concept behind hashing is quite elegant: take a large amount of data, such as a file or all the bits on a hard drive, and use a complex mathematical algorithm &#8230; <a href="https://www.chetson.com/hash-values-in-child-pornography-cases/" class="more-link">Continue reading<span class="screen-reader-text"> "Hash Values in Child Pornography Cases"</span></a>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3>Case Law, Hashing Algorithms, and Child Pornography Cases</h3>
<p style="font-weight: 400;">“Hashing is a powerful and pervasive technique used in nearly every examination of seized digital media. The concept behind hashing is quite elegant: take a large amount of data, such as a file or all the bits on a hard drive, and use a complex mathematical algorithm to generate a relatively compact numerical identifier (the hash value) unique to that data. Examiners use hash values throughout the forensics process, from acquiring the data, through analysis, and even into legal proceedings. Hash algorithms are used to confirm that when a copy of data is made, the original is unaltered and the copy is identical, bit-for-bit. That is, hashing is employed to confirm that data analysis does not alter the evidence itself. Examiners also use hash values to weed out files that are of no interest in the investigation, such as operating system files, and to identify files of particular interest.” <a href="https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/forharoc119&amp;div=7&amp;id=&amp;page=" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Richard P. Salgado, “Fourth Amendment Search and the Power of the Hash,” 119 <em>Harvard Law Review Forum</em> 38 (2006)</a></p>
<p style="font-weight: 400;">The software or employees and volunteers identify potential CSAM visually or by checking the hash values of uploaded or shared CSAM against a database of known child porn. A “hash value” is an alphanumeric string that serves to identify an individual digital file as a kind of “digital fingerprint.” Although it may be possible for two digital files to have hash values that “collide,” or overlap, it is unlikely that the values of two dissimilar images will do so. <a href="https://casetext.com/case/us-v-cartier-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>United States v. Cartier</em>, 543 F.3d 442</a>, 446 (8th Cir.2008).</p>
<p style="font-weight: 400;">Hash values are relatively short – usually 256 or less bit length.  Common hashing algorithms include MD5 or SHA-1.</p>
<p style="font-weight: 400;">The North Carolina Court of Appeals has recognized the reliability of hashing, even using outdated hashing algorithms such as SHA-1 which was developed in the 1990s, broken in 2005, and deprecated by Microsoft in 2020. <a href="https://casetext.com/case/state-v-gerard-15" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>State v. Gerard</em>, 790 S.E.2d 592</a> (N.C. Ct. App. 2016).</p><!-- wp:themify-builder/canvas /-->]]></content:encoded>
					
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