About her personal style, Stacey says, “I might be quiet, but I consider it observing my surroundings and then adding my ‘two cents’ if needed.” From what I understand, her input in classes and conference lectures is worth a lot more than that. Following is a little more about another female forensicator to watch.

Christa: You’ve been doing forensics for 4 or 5 years, right? What got you interested in the field to begin with?

Stacey: I have – just over 4 years. I became interested in the field first on the “blood and guts” side. CSI (the original one) was very popular when I realized that I could make a career out of forensics. It was within a few minutes in my first class that I knew that the show was NOTHING like the real world – shocking, right? In fact, I thought the real world version was much more entertaining and stuck with it. Before graduating with my Associate of Applied Science in Forensic Science, I learned that working in the computer side of forensics was an option. I graduated three years later with my Bachelor of Science in Computer Forensics.

Christa: What was your experience in Defiance’s computer forensics program?

Stacey: It was a brand new program, and I was in the first class to graduate with that particular degree.  Some of our courses were programming (Visual Basic), forensics, and networking.  We had a semester-long internship program, which I completed at the Defiance County Sheriff’s Office.  The computer forensics program was very challenging, but after the lessons finally “clicked” one day, it became a little easier.  I was even able to graduate at the top of my class!

Christa: What led you to become GIAC certified? Likewise, to learn Python scripting?

Stacey: My GIAC certification (GCFA) was actually a part of the required curriculum when I was in college. We took a mentored FOR508 program, studied the course material, and quizzed each other. We all passed our GCFA certifications, and I was even offered a mentor-ship through SANS for my high score.

(Since I was fresh out of college and with no forensics work experience, I did not take them up on the offer.  Now that I have more experience under my belt, I have thought more about becoming a mentor and helping others, but have not fully decided if I should.)

Python scripting was a little different. After attending the SANS conference in Austin, TX this summer, I saw a need in the field for more programmers. One of my favorite courses in college was programming, so I knew I could do it.

I recently signed up for an online college course taught through the University of Toronto but offered through Coursera. Even though we are only a couple weeks into the program, I have already learned so much. In the near future, I hope to be working on testing some of the Python scripting with the soon-to-be-released python version of log2timeline (per Kristinn Gudjonsson’s request).

Christa: What types of cases do you most enjoy working on?

Stacey: I most enjoy working on criminal, forensics cases – fraud and arson, in particular.  With my husband being a local police officer and hearing his stories, it helps drive my passion to get into the law enforcement side of forensics investigations.

Christa: Cindy [Murphy] says you’re a great student, that you have a knack for making connections even as you are sitting in a class, learning something new. This doesn’t come easily to everyone — what drives your passion for learning? And how are you not afraid of speaking up to ask or give feedback?

Stacey: I love learning new things. Every night before I go to bed, I read 10-15 pages in a personal development book. (The book right now is titled “The Slight Edge” and is written by Jeff Olson.) This small effort every night keeps me motivated to learn.

In reading these books, I have also realized that I should never be ashamed to ask for help. All successful people have asked for help at one time or another because they realize that no one can ever know everything there is to know. My advice to everyone would be to always ask for help. You won’t be the only person with the same question, but you might be the only person brave enough to ask!

Christa: What do you find most challenging in the best way?

Stacey: The most challenging part of forensics, for me, would have to be trying to stay ahead of the game.  The field is constantly changing, and there is always something new to learn.  Community support and collaboration has been fantastic to help us all advance so quickly, but we have a long way to go.  We will never know everything, but that’s part of what makes forensics fun and allows for growth.

Christa: As a forensicator going forward, what are your professional goals?

Stacey: My professional goals include, at the very least, future employment with an outstanding company. I would also like to contribute more to the forensics community through testing and helping to write new programs as my skills improve.

Stacey, thanks for sharing more about your experience and professional goals. It’s been an honor and pleasure to know you, and I look forward to seeing your continued contributions.

My first guest is Alissa Torres, who recently joined Mandiant’s team as an incident handler along with being a SANS Mentor and instructor. Here, Alissa talks about why she thinks crosstraining is important, what led her to SANS, what women should never do when entering a STEM profession, and the successes that keep her going.

Christa: Your lecture topic at the SANS DFIR Summit garnered a lot of very positive tweets. What experiences in your career led you to want to talk about crosstraining?

Alissa: Speaking at the SANS DFIR Summit was an honor – probably the best presenter experience I have had to date due to the support of the community and the attendees in the room.  The Summit is unique in that everyone who is there is passionate about DFIR – it actually took someone pointing out to me that most of our after-hours conversations were geek speak – I didn’t notice honestly!

So, why did I talk about crosstraining?  I have had the opportunity to work at some very different jobs, to include being a forensics examiner on a security operations team and more recently, playing a key role on an offensive skills team.  Looking at network compromises and being able to understand both the attacker’s perspective and that of the responder offers great advantages in unraveling what happened on a compromised system.

My own realizations that I hoped to have shared were 1.) you have to know what a normal system looks like to identify anomalies and 2.) familiarity with other disciplines of security, be it pentesting or system administration, enhances your depth of knowledge and skill as an incident responder.

Christa: How did you get into DFIR to begin with?

Alissa: I first became interested in forensics when I was an instructor at DCITA (Defense Cyber Investigations Training Academy).  Although I was teaching the introduction to hardware & networking course (INCH), I was surrounded by forensics and IR professionals who knew so much more than me.  During this time, I was able to pelt my co-workers with daily questions – I can’t say enough about the camaraderie of the instructor staff there at the time.  While I was at DCITA, I obtained my EnCE and moved from there to a job at a defense contractor performing internal employee investigations.

Christa: What drove you to become a SANS mentor?

Alissa: When I took FOR508 with Hal Pomeranz in Baltimore, I was a work-study facilitator, paying for the training out of my own pocket.  My company had denied additional training for me and it was truly the only way I had to attend this advanced forensics course.

To say the course was life-changing sounds pretty ridiculous, but it is true – I realized on Day 5 of that course that I could become an active researcher in the forensics community instead of looking everything up online, I could contribute with my own knowledge and experience that not everyone has.  The field of forensics/incident response is so young and expansive that not everyone can know everything, the perfect environment for collaboration and freedom to follow your interests.

So, considering what a great impact FOR508 had on me (and my previous experience as an instructor!), I decided to study my butt off and do well on the GCFA.  If you score over 85 on the certification exam, you are invited to apply to the mentor program.

Christa: What one piece of advice would you give another woman seeking to get into DFIR (or any STEM profession)?

Alissa: My advice to other women just entering the field is to never self-deprecate.  Someone may hear you and just might believe your humble assessment of yourself.  You need to realize that everyone started off somewhere, even the “Old Man of Forensics” (whomever that may be) and it does no good to state that you are “inferior” because you are new/junior/inexperienced.

One of the women in my class recently said  to me in front of the rest of her male classmates, “My mind doesn’t work that way.  I am not as good as everyone else here.”  She was one of 2 women in the room of 20 and although she never signed up to represent our gender, she indeed was doing just that.

Since there is such a small percentage of us in the security field, and even less as you delve into the more technical jobs, we must always acknowledge and bear the responsibility of this.  I am a firm believer in the idea “No one knows what a woman isn’t capable of.”  Other women may feel I am wrong on this, but I have run into this “women can’t do as much” mentality first hand.

After the presentation of the MMA Challenge that my co-worker and I presented at CEIC 2012, I was approached by two male attendees who exclaimed “We were surprised that a woman would know so much.” in reference to my ability to speak to both the forensics and offensive realms.  It is this attitude that tells me that I still have a great deal left to accomplish.

Christa: What has been your greatest challenge in your career?  What has been your greatest success?

Alissa: One of my biggest challenges in my career, as well as my life, has been to balance my desires to be the best at my job and to be the best Mom to my kids.  While in the Marine Corps, I learned quickly that talking about one’s family can be seen as a sign of weakness.  I still see negative ramifications for women who discuss their family and personal obligations (kids, mainly) in the workplace.  So, yes, unfortunately, I am divided down the middle sometimes between “uber-driven cyber warrior” and “super soccer mom”, both completely ridiculous titles!

I am sure most working women feel this conflict, at some point, whether their personal lives include kids or marathon training or any other arduous, “soul-sucking” hobby.  But, kids have a way of holding you accountable and my biggest and most constant challenge has been in being present for them when they need me.

My greatest professional success, as of yet, has been finding others who share a similar passion for information security. What a fantastic community we have! Finding folks who understand and share the drive to keep learning, keep asking questions, has been key to my progress.  It is unique to our industry, that things change on a daily basis. Without surrounding myself with like-minded people, I would have burned out a long time ago.

Alissa, thanks so much for the thoughtful responses, for taking the time to write them, and for all your contributions to the DF/IR community!

At heart this blog has always been about how DF/IR businesses can better interact within the community. Rather than direct this toward vendors, however, I want to focus a little more on service providers — individual practitioners, small business owners, teachers, and researchers. Therefore, look for two things at Communications Forensics in the near term:

Women in Digital Forensics

I’m starting a new series highlighting the contributions of women in the DF/IR field. This isn’t to say that Melia Kelley, Sarah Edwards, Cindy Murphy, Erika Noerenberg, or others aren’t doing a great job of highlighting their own contributions. Rather, it’s for these two reasons:

1. Lots of other women contribute without speaking up, either because they don’t have time or they don’t feel they’re on a par with Erika, Cindy, Sarah, or Melia. I know, I know — lots of guys don’t, either. Leading me to my second point:
2. Women are underrepresented in the STEM professions as a whole. I’m looking to help reverse that trend at least a little by showing the really cool things the DF/IR women are doing, whether it’s research or investigation or even something related like writing (after all, I’m not a forensic examiner, either).

If you’re a woman working in DF/IR or you know one who deserves to be highlighted, send her my way! (And don’t forget to let her know there’s a LinkedIn group, too.)

It’s your community — what do you want to read?

In the last few months I’ve blogged about how to connect after a conference, contributing to the community with content, and the process of creation, among other things. They added to existing conversations and generated their own discussion, which I really appreciated.

But they were easy to write because the conversation was already happening. Other times, it’s not as easy to know what to say that will be valuable to a community that focuses on process. Heck, I don’t even know what a well-constructed DF/IR report looks like!

So tell me: what do you need a writer’s or PR pro’s perspective on? How do you as a DF/IR practitioner, business owner, or student want to use content to connect with your community? Leave me a comment, email me, or connect with me on Twitter or LinkedIn. And thanks!

The reason it was discussed so much is that voice is incredibly difficult to define. It’s the thing that makes writers sound uniquely different, what distinguishes Dennis Lehane from George Pelecanos in crime fiction, or Stephen King from Shirley Jackson in horror.

And it’s every bit as important in business writing as it is in fiction.

Last year I worked with an author on using articles to promote his book. Between some material in the book, emails we traded, and his blog, I’d pulled together what I thought was a pretty good piece. It was technically accurate and flowed well, and covered what I’d pitched the editors.

The problem? It didn’t sound enough like him, and he told me so. And he was right. He’s a prolific blogger as well as a book author, and has his own distinctive voice.

Why does it matter if voice is distinct?

Because everyone recognizes impersonal “corporate speak.” It’s usually filled with buzzwords like “leading,” “synergy,” “paradigm shift,” and so on. It’s lazy, safe, predictable. People use it because no one wants to inject their own personality into it.

This is a legitimate branding concern. Too many distinct personal voices can dilute a brand and confuse its customers. On the other hand, a brand that sounds just like every other brand is also pretty diluted. It also, and I see this in social media, misses opportunities to show its unique strengths.

So where’s the balance? How can you sound distinct, without losing your voice when your best communicator leaves or your company (and PR department) suddenly grows?

Know your company’s mission, vision, and values

The people who communicate on behalf of your company need a strong command of its mission, vision, and values. This isn’t as simple as making them memorize the company’s mission statement (many of which are useless anyway).

It’s not even as simple as inviting them to strategic planning or goal-setting meetings. A company’s values come through in every interaction with their publics, from sales to customer service to employee relations. Communications people, like everyone else, observe and listen. Pushy sales, lazy or rude customer service, and indifferent employee relations communicate a company’s values far more than a few sit-down meetings with the C-suite.

A communications staff using indistinct language may, in fact, be afraid to rock the boat — or at the very least, afraid of the potential consequences, from the boss if not the public. So:

If you’re the boss:

• Start by asking yourself what you stand for. Integrity, truth-telling, the best service in your market, and so on. Outline what that means for your customers. While you’re at it, think about whether you need to redefine your business.
• Review company content: website, press materials, videos, etc. Do their words match your vision?
• If the answer is “no,” find out why. Be open to the answers.
• Work with your communications team to figure out how and where you can make changes.

If you’re the communicator:

• Assess the language you use in your current content; separately, assess what you believe your company’s brand to be. Do they match?
• If not, challenge your boss to do better. Find out how and where to change your assumptions and align your ideas with your boss’s.
• Start experimenting with language and visuals. Use words that advance the newly aligned understanding of mission, vision, and values. Don’t back down from committing to a different way of communicating!

In an industry like digital forensics, where thought leaders are easily recognizable, a blog or article that doesn’t “sound like” them can mean trouble. Whether they own a business or are contributing something else — research or training — a diluted brand can be as bad as making readers wonder whether they can trust what they’ve just read.

This is all the more important as more business-to-business firms — 89 percent, as of last year — embrace social media. It can be scary to show how you’re different from the competition. But companies are made up of individuals and their interactions with one another. If you have to think about authenticity, you probably aren’t authentic; but if you focus on developing your best values, and your voice along with them, you’ll differentiate in a way no competitor can match.

Would you add anything to the lists of what to do to find your voice? How do you communicate?

photo credit: foto3116

Twitter streams so quickly that it’s easy to think you have to go faster, too. A blog post leads to a Twitter conversation that leads to more blog posts and more conversation… who wants to miss the opportunity to contribute (and be recognized for contributing)?

In watching the activity, it can be difficult to remember two key points:

1. Everyone goes at their own speed.
2. In failing to go at our own speed, we miss things… sometimes important things that might make the difference in how we differentiate our thinking from others’.

As social media and communications expert Amber Naslund wrote not long ago:

Reflection itself has a few benefits, from cool-off time to the ability to let thing sit and process for a while, like steeping tea leaves. Sometimes I notice something I didn’t before. I notice that I didn’t say something or make myself clear enough, something that might have made the conversation easier, and I know to be more articulate and specific next time.

How I create social content

An example: to get to the post I wrote about contributing to the DFIR community, things sat in the back of my mind for a few days. I had seen Twitter conversations among Harlan, Ken, Erika and others; I’d read their blog posts. I knew there was something I could add… I just wasn’t sure what. I didn’t want to rehash what everyone else was saying, and I didn’t want to let the opportunity pass.

At the same time, two totally unrelated articles sat in my browser tabs. As with the DFIR conversation, I’d read them, knew I wanted to do “something” with them (bookmark them? Use them in a blog? Did I have a client who needed their wisdom?) but wasn’t sure what… until I began to see how they related to the DFIR discussion. What if, I asked myself, the writing itself might be the problem? And so my take on the “contribution” topic became about my own specialty: content.

Like Amber, I need time to process things. I’ve found this outside of Twitter too, in the last few months especially, whether in an email thread or in-person meetings or at trade shows.

• It might take me two or more days to respond to email, not because I’m consciously stewing about something, but because I’ve read the thoughts and want to be sure I’m getting the issues and requirements right.
• In person or on the phone, it’s not unusual for me to come back to meeting-mates a day or two later with more information, clarifying things I said and usually in relation to what I heard. (I sometimes struggle to articulate myself verbally.)
• At DC3, on the last day of the trade show I came to the expo hall floor early and spent half an hour with the notes I had taken, connecting the dots between people and the thoughts they’d shared.

Among the connections I make is where good content lies. That’s why I don’t blog more than weekly on any blog I maintain.

Learning from the researchers

It’s hard to remember, amid the constant stream of content, that everyone has their own pace. This is true of fiction writers as well: some writers are just naturally more prolific than others (and may even suffer from hypergraphia). But it is also true that the more you write, well, the more you write. You learn to see the ideas in the everyday, to splice them together with other ideas.

And then there are the DFIR researchers.

It’s sometimes difficult for me, as a PR pro and content marketer, to see clients’ best minds working so slowly. Months can pass between good articles that support, say, a client’s training course, or that review a client’s forensic product.

Of course, all that means is that the writer is taking time with the research. Day jobs take precedence, and good research deserves thoroughness. It’s the only way to provide content that will be meaningful to the reader.

Back to Amber’s point: there is power in slow thinking, and perhaps what we owe most to our readers and followers is not the ability to keep up… but the ability to filter, connect, distill, and purify according to our own unique experiences and perspectives.

Are there times when you could have thought slower, or where you chose to think slower? Tell us about it below!

photo credit: KarolGajda

And yet, also a little apprehensive. Early on I learned that conferences are alternate realities. All kinds of things happen there that wouldn’t happen in typical workaday life. As I commented on Conversation Agent Valeria Maltoni’s blog recently:

You meet people and have great, deep conversations, you brainstorm all kinds of possibilities. But when you go back to the normal schedule, after you’re all caught up and looking for a little of that ‘spark’ you found in a different time and place… you’re still constrained by schedules, responsibilities, expectations that temporarily didn’t exist at the conference.”

Valeria wrote an excellent post, “30 Connective Things You Can Do at a Conference,” about how best to manage that alternate reality, to network the way you want and need to. Because conferences and networking are so important to the DFIR community, I’d like to riff off her original post and talk about 20 connective things you can do after a conference.

1. On your day of departure—in your hotel room the night before you leave, in the airport, on the plane or train or in a coffee shop during a driving break—take the time to reconstruct your sessions, meetups, after-hours conversations, etc.

• What did you learn, and from whom?
• What ideas did you and others come up with?
• What did you observe, what did you overhear?
• What patterns do you see?

Write all this down to come back to in a week or so, after you’re caught up at work.

2. Share what you learned with your team. Remember that you’re coloring the information with your own perspective, so if possible, share the slide deck and/or handouts with them and invite their feedback.

3. Revisit your notes. Together with your team’s feedback, decide if there’s enough for new research, a new paper, blog article or podcast. Be sure to set aside time daily or weekly to work on the project (depending on how in-depth it is); when you publish it, be sure to refer to the conference, people and ideas that led you to complete it.

4. Didn’t get a chance to provide feedback to speakers? Make a point of emailing one or two speakers per day after you get back to the office. Be specific about the takeaways you gleaned. Leave the door open for further discussion.

5. Share what you learned about products and vendors with your team. Collect their questions and needs—not just about what the product(s) can do, but what they need to do their jobs better. Follow up with the vendor(s) to ask those questions and see how well they respond to your team’s needs. That response will be an important part of your purchase decision.

6. Take time to think about things you wish could’ve been different:

• More time meeting new people?
• Hanging out with old friends and colleagues?
• Lecture track you would’ve wanted to attend for yourself, rather than work?

Decide to make those changes at the next conference you attend.

7. Start a Twitter, LinkedIn group, forum/listserv or blog conversation about something you learned. (Sometimes conferences have their own LinkedIn groups.)

8. Identify the 3-5 people you connected with most strongly. Make a point of calling or emailing them every so often with things you believe they’d benefit from:

• an article that recalls your conversations
• a speaking opportunity at another conference or with the media
• a congratulations on one of their accomplishments. Comment on their blog; tweet @them; find them on Google+ Hangouts.

9. While you’re at it, think about the things that made you click.

• Particular ideas?
• Core themes that connected your conversations and ideas?
• Shared values?

Again, see if there are patterns—finding them can help you work out where you can benefit the community the most.

10. Set a goal for yourself to speak at next year’s conference, especially if your topic is based on the ideas you heard at this one.

11. Did you meet someone you thought would benefit from knowing a friend or colleague? Make sure you email-introduce them (and perhaps even conference call) the week following the conference. And be clear about the value they would have to each other.

12. Find a way to invite the best speaker(s) to your local area. A Security B-sides event, HTCIA or other association chapter meeting, or one-day training session can be ideal. See whom you can partner with to make it happen. Or, hold a virtual event. Your employer may be amenable to a webinar, or you might suggest the speaker to an event like #DFIROnline.

13. Pace yourself while reconnecting. Follow up immediately after the conference, but then let your relationship build naturally. Remember: conferences are alternate realities. Remind the other people who you are, then let the dust settle so that the ideas you built can stand by themselves for further building.

14. Who organized the event? If you can, volunteer to do something at next year’s conference, or encourage your employer to support it in some way (if they aren’t already) by sponsoring a giveaway or networking session.

15. Between this event and next year’s, you’ll network with more professionals. How might they benefit from coming to next year’s event—especially if they’re based in other countries? Invite them based on what you’d like to learn from them, and tell them you’ll be glad to introduce them to your connections.

16. Did anything you learn at the event change your mind, or send you in a new direction? Use a blog post to write not just about what, but also about how it happened—the old idea you’d never heard expressed that way before, or the unexpected angle. Did it help you solve a problem, or are you still mulling how to apply it in your own professional life? Either way, share it with the community.

17. Join a social network that’s new to you:

• Well-traveled ones like Twitter, or underrated ones like SlideShare.
• Volunteer for the SANS blog (if you’re qualified).
• Create a new Google+ Circle and spend time there daily.
• Guest blog for your favorite DFIR bloggers.

18. Publicly acknowledge the conference and what you thought was great about it. Mention by name those who made it great: organizers, speakers, people you connected with. A video testimonial can be especially powerful.

19. Traveling to where a speaker or conference connection is based? Let them know ahead of time, and tell them you’d love to get together if they’re available. Use your notes from your conversation(s) or their lecture to drive your conversation.

20. Think beyond your constraints. We get so caught up in our day to day responsibilities, we forget the things that made conferences spark for us. Make the time to recapture it, if not in conversation (that’s not always possible), then for yourself, in your own mind, from your own notes and memories.

“…follow through is key,” Valeria wrote. “Closing the gap between promises made and promises kept builds a solid reputation, and helps you make stuff happen, too.” It takes practice for sure, but the DFIR community is forgiving as long as you’re trying your best, and values face-to-face as much as virtual relationship-building.

What are some things you do to follow through with people you’ve met at a conference?

photo credit: kenteegardin

The need to embrace uncertainty

Jonathan Fields hooked me in the first chapter of his book Uncertainty by describing why uncertainty matters:

 When you begin, nothing is certain save the drive to create something worth the effort….

Not knowing on day one how it’s going to end or what it will look like when it’s complete can be paralyzing for many. It’s brutally hard to act in the face of incomplete information or assurances that you’re on the right path. But it’s that very lack of assurance that also serves as proof that the journey you’re embarking on is not derivative. That the quest and the potential outcome are unique. That both will matter.”

Fields holds up inventors, technologists, artists and business owners as his examples; the book is geared toward creatives rather than any one way of making money. That’s important for DFIR practitioners, for whom forensication is as much art as science: applying the science in (ethically) creative ways, and creating new ways to refine the science.

But there’s a difference between creating for one’s own use, and creating (or communicating your creation) for everyone’s benefit. The latter is riskier, and potentially much more rewarding. Later on, in Chapter 9, Fields asks the reader to consider doing nothing at all:

In reality, there is no sideways in life…. There’s only up or down…. if you’re teetering on the edge of happiness, health, liquidity, and contentment now and if you’re stuck in a “do nothing to change” scenario, then ten, twenty, or thirty years from now, your creative life, your business, and your body of work will likely be somewhere between really unpleasant and really dead.”

He reminded me of why I quit my job over 10 years ago to become a freelance writer, and why I later convinced my husband to let me try full-time self-employment: the status quo wasn’t a happy place to be. Ultimately, I wanted our children to have the example of adults who strove for happiness and fulfillment.

Embrace uncertainty, unleash creativity

Between Chapters 1 and 9, Fields goes into detail about what it takes to “lean into” uncertainty as you pursue your dreams and goals. He effectively dissects the fear of failure and gives the reader tools to nurture creativity, to the point where it becomes possible to change plans when needed.

And so, after describing both the physiology and the psychology of uncertainty, Fields devotes several chapters to two main concepts:

1. training mind and body through the routines of meditation and exercise, which help the creator release work from his/her mind
2. “socializing creation,” which provides the creator with a way to get feedback even as a work is in progress.

I can think of many forensicators to whom exercise is a critical part of success, and I’m implementing Fields’ recommendations in my own daily life as a creative. However, it’s the latter concept I want to focus on, because it speaks directly to the “community” discussion.

A forensicator’s fear of looking stupid or failing is not, on its face, all that irrational. Who wouldn’t worry about how one’s employer or a courtroom will react to the disclosure that you don’t have all the answers?

But contributing to the community is not about giving something up; it’s about a give-and-take of knowledge and skill. You would not have gotten to where you are without others’ help (no matter how alone you felt at times).

Therefore, worrying about how other forensicators will react is not rational. The conversation from the last few weeks demonstrates a ready-made “hive” of trusted professionals. These people will offer feedback and advice towards anyone’s goal of creating something useful, be it a piece of software or a presentation. Do the work, and you’ll get the support.

Make it a closed hive, if you must; I’ve experienced the nasty side of hypercompetition, and the DFIR industry has no shortage of it. But Fields argues that we need judgment in order to be valuable, that creativity needs constraint to birth something useful. Involve others early on, and not only do you get that constraint; you also get the support and validation you’re fearful you won’t get.

Committing to your calling

“How committed are you to the specific endeavor?” Fields asks. “Is it a project or a calling, the thing you can’t not do? Understanding the difference informs the choices you make, but it also changes the way you act in a thousand tiny ways. It changes your personal energy and leads people either to buy in on an extraordinary level or to view your quest as something not all that important.”

In life we are all driven by the desire to be important, in varying degrees. For some, being important to one’s own children is the highest calling. For others, it’s importance to the local community as a public safety professional, journalist, or business owner. Others want to be important to a cause, such as stamping out cybercrime.

Contributing to the community is as much about self as it is about the group. Paradoxically, protecting self from the pain of failure ultimately starves self along with community; whereas contributing feeds both self and community, nurturing knowledge for all.

Edited: Over on Google+, Gregory Pendergast asked me for a more direct assessment of the book itself. Here’s what I told him:

It’s positive and practical. Nothing “The Secret”-ish about it; I was a little surprised to see such an emphasis on meditation (“attentional training”) but even that resonated because I have experienced brief times when deep contemplation or focus on exercise  (for instance, swimming) worked exactly as Fields was saying it does.

The writing itself is clean and direct, and I liked that Fields would state an idea early on, then circle back around to it once it had had a chance to percolate in the back of my head. Chapters built nicely on each other, and the book has stuck with me in the weeks since I read it, like quiet encouragement to stick with the good habits.

With thanks to Conversation Agent Valeria Maltoni for her generous gift of Uncertainty. Here’s her Amazon affiliate link if you like what you’ve read and want more.

Substitute “write” for “program” and you’ll see a statement that novelists, journalists and other authors have been hearing for decades. The thing is, looking at Harlan’s list (case studies, book reviews, even asking questions), I can see how those “simple” suggestions might be just as intimidating as reading the Rob Lee post that started it all.

William Zinsser (one of my very favorite writing authorities) wrote in On Writing Well:

Take an adult chemist or physicist or engineer and ask him or her to write a report, and you’ll see something close to panic. “No! Dn’t make us write!” they say…. They were told at an early age by an English teacher that they don’t have “a gift for words.”

Which is criminal. As Zinsser goes on to explain:

“Writing, demystified, is just another way for scientists to communicate what they know…. Describing how a process works is valuable for two reasons. It forces you to make sure you know how it works. Then it forces you to take the reader through the same sequence of ideas and deductions that made the process clear to you.”

That sounds an awful lot like the standard for “reproducible” to me!

Helping the reader identify with your work

My observation is that most of the DFIR practitioners who are active on Twitter and Google+, also keep blogs; many also teach. In other words, they already communicate in a way that, as Zinsser suggests, “…take[s] much of the mystery out of science writing by helping the reader to identify with the scientific work being done.”

You can do that, he explains, by telling a story from your own experience, or someone else’s; relate your science to something the reader is already familiar with and can easily visualize; writing clearly and sequentially, pacing what you explain.

But how many are out there, reading these blog posts, thinking to themselves, “Yeah but… I can’t write”? Or feel as if they’re doing all the writing they already wish to do in their reports?

I’m going to estimate that these readers fall into two camps:

1. Those who yearn to be better writers, more effective communicators. They’d like nothing more than to blog and tweet and write trade articles and maybe even a nonfiction book or novel that draws on their experiences. But they’re terrified of looking stupid.
2. Those who could not care less about writing more, or they’re too busy to put the work into it… but they’d nonetheless like to contribute more to the community, although they aren’t sure how.

Communicating DFIR experience through writing

Harlan’s suggestions are right on the money, but I posit that for people who are not in the practice of writing regularly, it can be hard to figure out where to get ideas. Two posts I’ve read recently describe seven easy ways to turn old content into new content, and ten mindful ways to use social media.

These posts suggest things like:

• making blog posts out of LinkedIn conversations
• turning blog comments into new blog articles, or written content into video
• knowing your intentions before posting
• sending “random tweets of kindness” offering help
• responding with your full attention

One article is purely about content creation. The other is about the attitude you need for creating good, valuable content. Both worth a read, and worth deeper thinking about how you can contribute.

Contributing without writing

Those of us who love the way a spirited Twitter chat rolls along have trouble understanding those who don’t just jump in, or indeed, who don’t even understand Twitter. There are plenty, though, and I’d like to see the DFIR community come together to use tools like Google+ Hangouts or group podcasts. In other words: natural conversation, for those who are more comfortable communicating by voice.

I also want to put in a plug for getting more involved with professional associations, volunteering on some level as a board member or event organizer or committee member. I know: employers can be stingy with the time you take for this kind of thing. But it can benefit them, too — corporate citizenship is a term I’m hearing more and more about, and building into some of my clients’ strategies — and can be a way for you to contribute in a way that fits you best.

Where do you feel you’ve fallen short in the community? How do you think you might improve?

photo credit: opensourceway

That part caught me by surprise. The truth is, I don’t focus on SEO in that blog. I know it’s important, and at times when I’m writing, I think to myself “Hey, that’s a good search phrase.” When I link, it’s to articles or other resources that will support when I’m writing, and the fact that it will help both our search rankings is a bonus.

In short, I still think like a journalist. And reading articles like this one from Social Media Today, and this one in Thought Leaders, I have to believe it’s an important focus to have — even as Google’s algorithm is newly focusing on dynamic content. It reminds me a little of my husband’s favorite baseball adage: “Good hitting sells seats. Good pitching wins championships.” Short-term attention-getting, vs. long-term relationship and brand building: indeed, much more strategy is involved with pitching, than with hitting.

Market segmentation and buyer personas…

In Social Media Today, Marc Meyer asks:

As the tablet and smart phone markets continue to expand, so will the amount of water downed re-used content. Thus, we need to get back to a time when content mattered, when good content mattered. I’m not so sure we can as long as we’re still trying to figure out who we’re supposed to be creating content for. Is it people or search engines?

Do we even have to ask? It stands to reason that search engines’ users are, after all, still people (even though Skynet was supposed to have become self-aware by now). So logically, SEO isn’t so much about the keywords… it’s about the keywords people are likely to use.

Not sure which keywords your target market is likely to use? You may need to work on getting to know your prospective customers. What kind of expertise do they have? What level of technical knowledge? What keeps them from doing their jobs effectively, and what wish lists do they have?

… and the writing mechanics matter, too.

I think a main reason that my writing succeeds in the SEO arena is that I’ve learned to cut out the fat. Stuff like turning “of the” possessives into apostrophes (the track logs of the GPS vs. the GPS’ track logs) and, of course, using active voice (I use active voice vs. passive voice is used by way too many writers).

Depressingly, somewhere along the way business writers decided they sounded more authoritative when they added in extra words. Cut them out, and SEO becomes what marketers call “organic”: naturally occurring within a text.

Readable, engaging content should be the goal. Readable: it flows, doesn’t distract the reader from learning. Engaging: it’s as close to enjoyable as you can make it. For digital forensics, learn from conversationally written blogs like Harlan Carvey’s Windows IR, or many of the posts on the SANS blog.

(Also note Evan Weisel’s note from the above article: “Yes, a blog may read in a conversational, even casual manner. But the good ones require serious intellectual “sweat equity” into the often painful process of writing. In other words, it takes effort to make it for an effortless read.”)

Perhaps the biggest reason I don’t blog daily is that I want to have something meaningful to say: quality vs. quantity. I can think of only a handful of people who can manage both simultaneously. So while I’d like to manage a daily blog (two, even), the family-client-personal situation means if I can only find something of quality to say once a week… that’s okay. Likewise for you. Yes, search brings people to your website. But only great writing will keep them there.

How often do you blog? How important to you are quality and quantity, and how much of a balance do you try to strike?

photo credit: c.mcbrien

That’s why his recent post about (pseudo?) reporter Judith Miller struck a professional nerve. Having moved from trade journalism to public relations, I was especially struck by this point:

When there is a real danger people need to know about, you have to report it. That’s when people need to hear the scary truth. But I do mind, because the fear she threw around was not based on truth… if you are the writer, you should care about how people will react.

Then again, if you’re willing to write lies, you’re not really going to care about that, are you?

I have faced a lot of skepticism over my motivations in the past 10 years. To cops, I was “the media,” even if I was writing for their publications. Newsroom journalists on listservs made snide comments about “PR fluff.”

These days, I worry when journalists don’t get back to me. Did my article suggestion not meet their needs, or do they think the story I just pitched them is a cover for a sales pitch? And it always makes me cringe a little when I see the occasional tweet about marketing manipulation and PR spin.

The business of inspiring (re)action

The skeptical are right to be. The spin machine can be ugly, especially in the face of a crisis. The problem isn’t that we don’t care how people will react. The problem is that we’re paid to care about making them react a certain way.

Sometimes the two converge, and that’s when you get great PR and great journalism. But sometimes we care more about making readers and viewers react, than we do about how they actually feel.

Journalism, just as much as any PR client, is in business. Journalists sell newspapers and magazines, or pull in ratings, on the strength of their storytelling and how well it adheres to editorial guidelines. Both types of messaging are about building and sustaining a brand, which every good businessperson knows is about trust.

Judith Miller and her ilk take shortcuts, go for short-term reaction rather than long-term trust. On a lesser scale, but no better at trust-building, are those who are chronically too overworked or lazy or demotivated to spend time getting every fact right.

Some might say this makes them a perfect fit for PR. How many times have you read a white paper that referred vaguely to “statistics say…” without citing the actual research, a name and date if not a link to go with it?

But for one problem: in the last few years, since the economy coupled with social networking broadsided the media industry, the PR-journalism symbiosis has changed. We still depend on one another, but we also compete with each other.

Consider: fewer journalists at struggling publications means more PR pros are competing to provide the content. That makes it harder for us to get our clients’ stories told. Conveniently, social media provides an alternative outlet, but needs a constant stream of content to stay in followers’ minds. Therefore, we encourage our clients to become publishers of their own content.

Brand journalism requires high standards

That’s because ideally, our clients’ content provides better context for media as well as buyers. When we pitch a reporter who likes what we’ve had to say, s/he can come back to our website with its blog and videos and white papers and infographics, and use them for the article s/he’s working on. Or s/he can find them via search, including social media monitoring, and be the one to make first contact.

That’s why it’s incumbent on us to hold our content, which some call “brand journalism,” to the same high editorial standards as journalism does. Truth, as everyone knows, is subjective, based on human interpretation. Good PR is about helping our clients and their customers understand each other’s truths, and adjusting our messages accordingly, with the end goal in mind of inspiring action — sales.

Making it easier on them is a form of building trust. At some point, buyers and journalists alike take a leap of faith: they choose to believe what they’ve researched, and go forward with the purchase or the story. Shortening that leap is what will keep them coming back. Here are some ideas:

• Research, whether from a vendor or from academia, is constantly being tested, refined, even disproved. We need to be transparent about showing what has changed and how, whether we are referring to someone else’s research, or promoting our client’s own.
• The phrase “statistics show” is condescending when it stands by itself. Treat white papers like blogs long enough to link to the research that shows the point you’re trying to make. Let your reader draw his or her own conclusions. It will make for better story-telling.
• It’s the job of a good journalist to find opposing as well as complementary points of view to balance what our clients present as truth. Use these as opportunities to drive future research, content and business forward.
• Much as been written about the power of social media in correcting reporters’ errors, which can be important to reputation management both in and outside of a crisis. Twitter, LinkedIn, YouTube and your company blog are all good places for this.
• Use journalists’ own fact-checking tools for content — and remember that fact-checking still carries with it a certain degree of bias, as you look for facts that support your argument.

“Brandwashing” is alive and well, unfortunately. But if we want our content to build trust with prospects and customers, only taking the time to get our facts as right as we can — and to engage in discussion when people disagree — will keep our relationships in balance and both our businesses in the black.

photo credit: Marquis Lewis