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      <title>City of Brass</title>
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      <description>City of Brass is principled, pragmatic punditry from the perspective of a Muslim of the West</description>
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         <title>airline "security" after Detroit flight 253</title>
         <description>&lt;p&gt;I didn't really hear the news about the British muslim of Nigerian descent who tried to blow up Detroit-bound Northwestern flight 253 until I arrived at the airport and read about it in discarded newspapers while waiting for 5 hours in transit in Chennai. The would-be bomber Abdulmuttalab is clearly another Richard Reid shoebomber type, with delusions of grandeur and ineptitude to match.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;My personal interest in the story is heavily influenced by the fact that I was in transit when I learned about it, as its direct impact upon me was felt by the usual response of our airline security bureaucracy to incidents of this sort: treat passengers even further like a herd, instead of a pack. The concept of pack vs herd is a simple one: a pack hunts together, acts as one unit, and defends its whole against outside threats. A herd, in contrast, is a mass of particles that simply flow according to outside forces, loosely cohesive but utterly mindless. Think of wolves and cows as the iconic example. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The airline industry has long treated us like a herd, even though we, the passengers, are the sole reason for its existence. Shut up, sit down, walk here, walk there, wait here. Much of this is necessary due to simple need of efficiency but there's a mentality that has taken hold now, especially in the area of security, which rationalizes the passenger as a kind of enemy, or at least a necessary yet annoying burden which interferes with the noble ideal of moving planes around.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The story of Flight 253 is of a pack - the passengers themselves subdued the idiot, as they have done many times before (including on 9-11 itself). Yet the answer? new rules stating that on the final hour of the flight before landing, passengers may not stand up from their seats, use the restroom, or even take any items out of their personal carry ons - including those under the seat, not just those in the overhead. This is utterly insane. The logic of it is ludicrous - would these rules actually stop a committed saboteur? Why just the final hour of the flight? Why would there be anything in your carryons - which have passed through security already - be a sudden threat? And what if there was a real threat in that last hour - would a civic minded citizen hesitate to get up and act to save his fellow passengers if he saw something suspicious from a few aisles away? WIthout the ability (or rather, a severe disincentive) to even stand up and stroll over to see whats going on, the first line of defense is now effectively castrated.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Like almost everything else the security people come up with, these aren't rules for actual safety but solely to provide the appearance thereof. Having flown out of India I can personally vouch for the direction that our domestic industry is headed - towards a state where the passenger has no rights and ultimately is treated like cargo. A security policy that actively involves the passengers as an integral element to safety is one that would be robust enough to stop any attack, whereas these silly rules serve only to imperil us all.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Related - Talk Islam's excellent coverage of our &lt;a href="http://talkislam.info/tag/abdulmutallab/"&gt;hapless halfwit Abdulmuttalab&lt;/a&gt;'s history and path to radicalization. &lt;/p&gt;
         &lt;a href="http://blog.beliefnet.com/cityofbrass/2009/12/airline-security-after-detroit.html"&gt;Read this post &amp;raquo;&lt;/a&gt;
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          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#category">Hirabah Watch</category>
        
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          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">Flight 253</category>
        
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         <pubDate>Tue, 29 Dec 2009 07:08:14 -0500</pubDate>
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         <title> Rotten in the state of Denmark: Chindia at Copenhagen </title>
         <description>&lt;p&gt;I've been meaning to comment on the Copenhagen conference, since the perspective from the Indian press is probably quite different from that in the US media. According to the papers here, Obama forced his way into a private meeting between Chinese premier Wen Jibao and Indian PM Manmohan Singh because he didn't want them "negotiating in private". China and India resisted all attempts by the US to make the Copenhagen draft legally binding, and fought monitoring and transparency tooth and nail. This plays well here as a strike against US/Western imperialistic moralizing, on behalf of the developing nations, whose champions are now... China and India? really?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I am frankly disgusted. India and China - both nuclear powers and members of the UN Security Council - can no longer by any stretch of the imagination be considered "developing nations" and they are cynically using their endemic poverty as bargaining chips to benefit their industrial and economic elites. It's precisely those hundreds of millions of poverty-stricken Chinese and Indians who are going to suffer the most from global warming, while the rich ensconce themselves ever further into their posh enclaves.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The problem is that the failure of the US to unilaterally act on climate change gives the industrialized asian giants the political cover they can need to avoid doing anything. They see it as a zero-sum game - and they are wrong. But the truth is that the ball is indeed in our court; we still are the highest per-capita emitters of greenhouse gases. This is why it is imperative that we act, regardless of what Chindia does. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Taken together, I suspect that Chindia is a worse offender than we are - but in their recalcitrance is our opportunity. If the US is now forced to act unilaterally, then we and not they will be the owners of the New Energy economy. China has a lead on nuclear power but pebble-bed reactor technology only faces regulatory, not technical hurdles in the US. And we are the leader in wind turbines, not to mention other projects like the Polywell reactor and more exotic stuff like the National Ignition Facility at Livermore. All the pieces are in place on our home turf, and if we aggressively go after the prize of an alternate energy economy then we will remain dominant on the world stage, to Chindia's dismay. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ultimately, global warming's solution is indirect - and it's all about energy. If the US can enact strict new emissions standards, a cap and trade program, and massive investment in alternate energy sources (say, a goal of 50% of our domestic power by 2025) then we win. And because it's not a zero sum game, so too do the poor in the developing world. If only China and India saw it that way too, we could really achieve something. &lt;/p&gt;
         &lt;a href="http://blog.beliefnet.com/cityofbrass/2009/12/rotten-in-the-state-of-denmark.html"&gt;Read this post &amp;raquo;&lt;/a&gt;
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          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#category">Nation-Building</category>
        
        
          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">China</category>
        
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         <pubDate>Sat, 26 Dec 2009 15:38:46 -0500</pubDate>
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         <title>the view from Cuffe Parade</title>
         <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/abde/4209468339/" title="Cuffe Parade by abde, on Flickr"&gt;&lt;img src="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2692/4209468339_67d0603c93.jpg" width="500" height="375" alt="Cuffe Parade" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This is the view from an apartment of friends of ours who live in Cuffe Parade, Mumbai. The view is west, over the Arabian Sea (see &lt;a href="http://maps.google.co.in/maps?hl=en&amp;amp;rlz=1C1GGLS_enUS319US319&amp;amp;resnum=0&amp;amp;q=cuffe%20parade%20map&amp;amp;um=1&amp;amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;amp;sa=N&amp;amp;tab=wl"&gt;the map&lt;/a&gt;). CP and Colaba and other areas at the very tip of Mumbai are among the most exclusive areas of the city. Getting here from Marol took about two hours, even with the new Sea Link bridge.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;(more of &lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/abde/sets/72157623040387226/"&gt;my photos are here&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;
         &lt;a href="http://blog.beliefnet.com/cityofbrass/2009/12/the-view-from-cuffe-parade.html"&gt;Read this post &amp;raquo;&lt;/a&gt;
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         <pubDate>Wed, 23 Dec 2009 21:16:07 -0500</pubDate>
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         <title>Democracy or Else: voting compulsory in Gujarat state </title>
         <description>&lt;p&gt;There's some irony in the recent news that in Gujarat state, that &lt;a href="http://www.deccanherald.com/content/42164/voting-mandatory-gujarat-local-polls.html"&gt;democracy will now be mandatory&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;All registered voters in Gujarat will be required to vote. Those absent will be asked to submit a valid reason with proof within a month. The Bill empowers the election officer to declare people who do not vote defaulter voters. &lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A local &lt;a href="http://www.merinews.com/article/mandatory-voting-is-necessary-for-healthy-democracy/15791745.shtml"&gt;editorial in favor of the law&lt;/a&gt; argues that with reduced voter participation, "the true spirit of the will of the people is not reflected in the electoral mandate". The logic of the law, then, is that by forcing an increase in that voter share, you better approximate that "spirit of the will". But will that actually make things any better? In any democracy you have to be an idealist, to believe in that magic aggregate with which your single vote will join and thus, together, make a difference. In India, with far greater dynamic range between rich and poor, it seems like the deliberations of the mighty are so far removed from the daily life experience of the average rickshaw wallah, that explaining how his vote will really matter seems a pointless excercise. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;And there is some serious irony at work in the fact that this law is being promoted by Narendra Modi, whose role in orchestrating the 2002 pogrom against muslims in Gujarat undermined democracy far more than mere voter absence. When the machinery of the state can be abused by those in power with no checks and balances, and they actually get away with it (and are even "rewarded" electorally for it), then you have a banana republic with a democratic fig leaf. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;More votes won't magically erase the corruption and graft that infects the Indian body politic. It's hard to be anything but cynical about this. Putting that aside, though, the general question of whether voting should be compulsory or not is an interesting question. According to the articles, 32 countries have adopted this law, and if all of India follows Gujarat's lead, then this may become the rule to which America is the exception. Quite a contrast indeed with Western ideals, which have tried to limit the franchise to the white male elite, and the "lesser" classes and gender have had to fight for and paid dear price to win. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;My personal instinct is that freedom cannot and should not be mandated. Perhaps this law throws the fundamental flaw of democracy into sharp relief - that there is nothing sacred, or inherently libertarian, about majority rule (a lesson learned from &lt;a href="http://blog.beliefnet.com/cityofbrass/2009/11/switzerland-bans-the-minaret.html"&gt;the Swiss minaret ban&lt;/a&gt; as well). &lt;/p&gt;

         &lt;a href="http://blog.beliefnet.com/cityofbrass/2009/12/democracy-or-else-voting-compu.html"&gt;Read this post &amp;raquo;&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=UdY_DJ4tmBo:W1zcOiQ2YcU:qj6IDK7rITs"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?d=qj6IDK7rITs" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=UdY_DJ4tmBo:W1zcOiQ2YcU:gIN9vFwOqvQ"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?i=UdY_DJ4tmBo:W1zcOiQ2YcU:gIN9vFwOqvQ" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=UdY_DJ4tmBo:W1zcOiQ2YcU:dnMXMwOfBR0"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?d=dnMXMwOfBR0" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=UdY_DJ4tmBo:W1zcOiQ2YcU:V_sGLiPBpWU"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?i=UdY_DJ4tmBo:W1zcOiQ2YcU:V_sGLiPBpWU" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=UdY_DJ4tmBo:W1zcOiQ2YcU:F7zBnMyn0Lo"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?i=UdY_DJ4tmBo:W1zcOiQ2YcU:F7zBnMyn0Lo" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/city-of-brass/~4/UdY_DJ4tmBo" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</description>
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          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#category">Purple Politics</category>
        
          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#category">Wanderlust</category>
        
        
          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">democracy</category>
        
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         <pubDate>Wed, 23 Dec 2009 09:06:12 -0500</pubDate>
      <feedburner:origLink>http://blog.beliefnet.com/cityofbrass/2009/12/democracy-or-else-voting-compu.html</feedburner:origLink></item>
      
      <item>
         <title>a satirical rickshaw</title>
         <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/abde/4203931706/" title="Rickshaws by abde, on Flickr"&gt;&lt;img src="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2799/4203931706_d51b3c7ae3.jpg" width="375" height="500" alt="Rickshaws" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The sign on the back of the foremost rickshaw was harsh indeed. I've been forced to walk most of the time because the surplus of Bohra pilgrims to Ashara has made it a suppliers' market, as far as transportation goes. It's anyone's guess whether walking or taking a rick is actually safer, though...&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;(see more of &lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/abde/sets/72157623040387226/"&gt;my photos here&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;
         &lt;a href="http://blog.beliefnet.com/cityofbrass/2009/12/a-satirical-rickshaw.html"&gt;Read this post &amp;raquo;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://feedads.g.doubleclick.net/~a/E3sdn86Hybcv_l0t2etpjGKZfAQ/0/da"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feedads.g.doubleclick.net/~a/E3sdn86Hybcv_l0t2etpjGKZfAQ/0/di" border="0" ismap="true"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://feedads.g.doubleclick.net/~a/9ggnPBe1PCGMnR3S5we_6yMwnzo/0/da"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feedads.g.doubleclick.net/~a/9ggnPBe1PCGMnR3S5we_6yMwnzo/0/di" border="0" ismap="true"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
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&lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=b1Xdr1knJCI:qnlfvCGVh_0:qj6IDK7rITs"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?d=qj6IDK7rITs" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=b1Xdr1knJCI:qnlfvCGVh_0:gIN9vFwOqvQ"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?i=b1Xdr1knJCI:qnlfvCGVh_0:gIN9vFwOqvQ" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=b1Xdr1knJCI:qnlfvCGVh_0:dnMXMwOfBR0"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?d=dnMXMwOfBR0" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=b1Xdr1knJCI:qnlfvCGVh_0:V_sGLiPBpWU"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?i=b1Xdr1knJCI:qnlfvCGVh_0:V_sGLiPBpWU" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=b1Xdr1knJCI:qnlfvCGVh_0:F7zBnMyn0Lo"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?i=b1Xdr1knJCI:qnlfvCGVh_0:F7zBnMyn0Lo" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/city-of-brass/~4/b1Xdr1knJCI" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</description>
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          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#category">Expressions</category>
        
        
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         <pubDate>Wed, 23 Dec 2009 05:29:24 -0500</pubDate>
      <feedburner:origLink>http://blog.beliefnet.com/cityofbrass/2009/12/a-satirical-rickshaw.html</feedburner:origLink></item>
      
      <item>
         <title>Echoes of the Raj</title>
         <description>&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/abde/4202239728/" title="Building by abde, on Flickr"&gt;&lt;img src="http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4041/4202239728_30d3a517cc.jpg" width="375" height="500" alt="Building" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The architecture of Mumbai is chaos incarnate, with slums and skyscrapers alongside. But there are also magnificent examples of British-era style that stand out and remind the observer of a different time, when a city named Bombay was the center of the mercantile world under an empire and queen.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;(see more of &lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/abde/sets/72157623040387226/"&gt;my photos here&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;
         &lt;a href="http://blog.beliefnet.com/cityofbrass/2009/12/echoes-of-the-raj.html"&gt;Read this post &amp;raquo;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://feedads.g.doubleclick.net/~a/oU8wr4yJcpg8s-6CzI-L-AdCsUE/0/da"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feedads.g.doubleclick.net/~a/oU8wr4yJcpg8s-6CzI-L-AdCsUE/0/di" border="0" ismap="true"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://feedads.g.doubleclick.net/~a/Zkea-bzWnZAyaFyCsFgcz5FoUGs/0/da"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feedads.g.doubleclick.net/~a/Zkea-bzWnZAyaFyCsFgcz5FoUGs/0/di" border="0" ismap="true"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
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&lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=zRTIXGu2Wv0:4w9J439ihEk:qj6IDK7rITs"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?d=qj6IDK7rITs" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=zRTIXGu2Wv0:4w9J439ihEk:gIN9vFwOqvQ"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?i=zRTIXGu2Wv0:4w9J439ihEk:gIN9vFwOqvQ" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=zRTIXGu2Wv0:4w9J439ihEk:dnMXMwOfBR0"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?d=dnMXMwOfBR0" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=zRTIXGu2Wv0:4w9J439ihEk:V_sGLiPBpWU"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?i=zRTIXGu2Wv0:4w9J439ihEk:V_sGLiPBpWU" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=zRTIXGu2Wv0:4w9J439ihEk:F7zBnMyn0Lo"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?i=zRTIXGu2Wv0:4w9J439ihEk:F7zBnMyn0Lo" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/city-of-brass/~4/zRTIXGu2Wv0" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</description>
         <link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/city-of-brass/~3/zRTIXGu2Wv0/echoes-of-the-raj.html</link>
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         <pubDate>Tue, 22 Dec 2009 21:15:31 -0500</pubDate>
      <feedburner:origLink>http://blog.beliefnet.com/cityofbrass/2009/12/echoes-of-the-raj.html</feedburner:origLink></item>
      
      <item>
         <title>breakfast in Mumbai</title>
         <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/abde/4203928452/" title="Sambar by abde, on Flickr"&gt;&lt;img src="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2706/4203928452_dc7029fc32.jpg" width="500" height="375" alt="Sambar" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/abde/4203168095/" title="Dosa by abde, on Flickr"&gt;&lt;img src="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2640/4203168095_9bfab51620.jpg" width="375" height="500" alt="Dosa" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mumbai is a foodie's delight - and I've definitely been making the most of it. Every morning at the hotel we have a buffet breakfast which includes fresh made staples such as the idli-sambar and masala dosa pictured above. I would feel guilty about the calories and fat, but a. I'm burning it off anyway and b. who cares! It's INDIA. Here, you eat. In America, I'll do penance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;(see more of &lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/abde/sets/72157623040387226/"&gt;my photos here&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;
         &lt;a href="http://blog.beliefnet.com/cityofbrass/2009/12/breakfast-in-mumbai.html"&gt;Read this post &amp;raquo;&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=GOyuvdgGda0:x668a_VyhCo:qj6IDK7rITs"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?d=qj6IDK7rITs" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=GOyuvdgGda0:x668a_VyhCo:gIN9vFwOqvQ"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?i=GOyuvdgGda0:x668a_VyhCo:gIN9vFwOqvQ" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=GOyuvdgGda0:x668a_VyhCo:dnMXMwOfBR0"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?d=dnMXMwOfBR0" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=GOyuvdgGda0:x668a_VyhCo:V_sGLiPBpWU"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?i=GOyuvdgGda0:x668a_VyhCo:V_sGLiPBpWU" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=GOyuvdgGda0:x668a_VyhCo:F7zBnMyn0Lo"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?i=GOyuvdgGda0:x668a_VyhCo:F7zBnMyn0Lo" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/city-of-brass/~4/GOyuvdgGda0" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</description>
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          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">politics</category>
        
         <pubDate>Tue, 22 Dec 2009 12:30:06 -0500</pubDate>
      <feedburner:origLink>http://blog.beliefnet.com/cityofbrass/2009/12/breakfast-in-mumbai.html</feedburner:origLink></item>
      
      <item>
         <title>my passage to India</title>
         <description>&lt;p&gt;They say getting here is half the fun... if you're a masochist, perhaps. I arrived on Friday morning and only now, awaking on Tuesday morning, do I really feel like I'm rested and energized after sleep. Part of the reason for my unusually longer acclimation was the exacerbation of jetlag from my torturous itinerary, which took me to Mumbai from Chicago via both Abu Dhabi and Chennai (Madras), the latter my point of entry to India requiring re-checking my bags and changing terminals. This wasn't that big a deal for a single traveler with minimal luggage, but 30-odd hours in transit is pretty wearying even with the most optimal connection. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The other reason for my exhaustion was the grueling schedule of an Ashara itself. The nominal schedule isn't that complicated - wake at 6am, eat by 8am, arrive at masjid by 10am, listen to bayaan (sermon) for 4 hrs, eat around 3pm. After that there various other options ranging from going to your hotel to sticking around at the masjid for the evening majlis. But the combination of heat, throng, and dirt conspire against you. And yet, though the physical exhaustion can be daunting, the spiritual nourishment transcends these petty complaints. Still, you need to prepare. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I think I am pretty well acclimated now and am already making more of my day - being here in Mumbai is an opportunity for me to connect with not only my own culture's isocenter, but also with family and friends for whom their dominant memory of me is a bored little kid playing with GI Joes. I am only here for one day (half-day really) after Ashura so i won't have that much time to travel beyond Mumbai, but I will make the most of what time I have while I'm here. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Though I used to come here about every three to four years while growing up, it's been nearly 15 years since my last visit to India. In that time I've been many other places, including Africa and the Middle East. But India has always been the juggernaut on the horizon, a place of childhood memories and near-mythical reputation. On my last trip, I visited palaces and monuments in Agra and Jaipur, watched Zee TV in posh bungalows, and dined like a king. This time around, I am much closer to the substance of Indian life, despite staying at a five-star hotel - the pampering ends when I walk out the door at 8am. From then on, India is in my face and the rickshaw drivers don't need my fare. I walk a lot. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The reality of India is that only a small fraction of its people live in a capitalist, democratic, economic society. The rest are in a separate universe, layered over the fancy one like double vision. The parade of incongruities is endless; gleaming skyscrapers in front of slums, beggars asking for alms outside Domino's Pizza, and of course the careening traffic, with cattle and rickshaws fighting for space alongside luxury cars and dilapidated buses, all weaving in utterly incomprehensible chaos. Even in Marol, which has 5 star hotels at every corner and the busiest international airport in Asia (or top 5, at least), you have open sewers and stray dogs and kids playing cricket in garbage-strewn fields. I feel a combined sense of despair and optimism, for the way in which so many of the people here survive and even thrive with so little (in the face of so much of plenty), which is both tragic and inspiring at the same time. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;India starts out by overwhelming you. Then you start to tune out everything beyond your sphere of interest, bit by it, until you stop seeing all of it. I dont want to stop seeing, but neither can I let the crazy, immensity of all of it interfere with my purpose in coming here. &lt;/p&gt;
         &lt;a href="http://blog.beliefnet.com/cityofbrass/2009/12/my-passage-to-india.html"&gt;Read this post &amp;raquo;&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=4vCIAujBkkw:k3iEutqv120:qj6IDK7rITs"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?d=qj6IDK7rITs" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=4vCIAujBkkw:k3iEutqv120:gIN9vFwOqvQ"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?i=4vCIAujBkkw:k3iEutqv120:gIN9vFwOqvQ" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=4vCIAujBkkw:k3iEutqv120:dnMXMwOfBR0"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?d=dnMXMwOfBR0" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=4vCIAujBkkw:k3iEutqv120:V_sGLiPBpWU"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?i=4vCIAujBkkw:k3iEutqv120:V_sGLiPBpWU" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=4vCIAujBkkw:k3iEutqv120:F7zBnMyn0Lo"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?i=4vCIAujBkkw:k3iEutqv120:F7zBnMyn0Lo" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/city-of-brass/~4/4vCIAujBkkw" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</description>
         <link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/city-of-brass/~3/4vCIAujBkkw/my-passage-to-india.html</link>
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          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#category">Wanderlust</category>
        
        
          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">Ashara</category>
        
          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">India</category>
        
          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">Mumbai</category>
        
          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">News</category>
        
          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">politics</category>
        
          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">poverty</category>
        
         <pubDate>Tue, 22 Dec 2009 08:36:11 -0500</pubDate>
      <feedburner:origLink>http://blog.beliefnet.com/cityofbrass/2009/12/my-passage-to-india.html</feedburner:origLink></item>
      
      <item>
         <title>Raudat Tahera at night</title>
         <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/abde/4202239760/" title="Raudat Tahera by abde, on Flickr"&gt;&lt;img src="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2626/4202239760_08575a6ef4.jpg" width="500" height="375" alt="Raudat Tahera" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This is the mausoleum of the late 51st Dai ul Mutlaq, Syedna Taher Saifuddin AQ, and the focal point of Bhindi Bazaar, Mumbai. Upon the four interior walls is inscribed the entirety of the Holy Qur'an, in gold.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The entire Bhindi Bazaar area is due for a &lt;a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Bohris-to-redevelop-Bhendi-Bazaar/articleshow/4660363.cms"&gt;massive renovation&lt;/a&gt; and reconstruction, funded entirely by his son and successor, &lt;a href="http://www.mumineen.org/archive/publications/oup/syedna.html"&gt;Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin&lt;/a&gt; TUS. The &lt;a href="http://www.bharatbytes.com/2009/08/how-bhendi-bazaar-will-look-in-2014/"&gt;architectural drawings&lt;/a&gt; of Bhindi Bazaar in 2014 are breathtaking.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;(see more of &lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/abde/sets/72157623040387226/"&gt;my photos here&lt;/a&gt; - I will be adding many more).&lt;/p&gt;
         &lt;a href="http://blog.beliefnet.com/cityofbrass/2009/12/raudat-tahera.html"&gt;Read this post &amp;raquo;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://feedads.g.doubleclick.net/~a/lUb3jgG9iirU7WfityhKWJ5DKT4/0/da"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feedads.g.doubleclick.net/~a/lUb3jgG9iirU7WfityhKWJ5DKT4/0/di" border="0" ismap="true"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
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&lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=nEIHYByaoss:7PhPlluRIfk:qj6IDK7rITs"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?d=qj6IDK7rITs" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=nEIHYByaoss:7PhPlluRIfk:gIN9vFwOqvQ"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?i=nEIHYByaoss:7PhPlluRIfk:gIN9vFwOqvQ" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=nEIHYByaoss:7PhPlluRIfk:dnMXMwOfBR0"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?d=dnMXMwOfBR0" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=nEIHYByaoss:7PhPlluRIfk:V_sGLiPBpWU"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?i=nEIHYByaoss:7PhPlluRIfk:V_sGLiPBpWU" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=nEIHYByaoss:7PhPlluRIfk:F7zBnMyn0Lo"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?i=nEIHYByaoss:7PhPlluRIfk:F7zBnMyn0Lo" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/city-of-brass/~4/nEIHYByaoss" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</description>
         <link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/city-of-brass/~3/nEIHYByaoss/raudat-tahera.html</link>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.beliefnet.com/cityofbrass/2009/12/raudat-tahera.html</guid>
        
          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#category">Expressions</category>
        
        
          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">Ashara</category>
        
          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">India</category>
        
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          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">photos</category>
        
          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">politics</category>
        
         <pubDate>Mon, 21 Dec 2009 11:30:59 -0500</pubDate>
      <feedburner:origLink>http://blog.beliefnet.com/cityofbrass/2009/12/raudat-tahera.html</feedburner:origLink></item>
      
      <item>
         <title>Welcome to Marol!</title>
         <description>&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/abde/4201485125/" title="Welcome by abde, on Flickr"&gt;&lt;img src="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2548/4201485125_ac6f1f0f03.jpg" width="500" height="375" alt="Welcome" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The many vendors in the Marol area were quite excited that over 150,000 Bohras had converged on the area, with plenty of thirst to satisfy. And money to spend.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;(see more of &lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/abde/sets/72157623040387226/"&gt;my photos here&lt;/a&gt; - will be adding many more)&lt;/div&gt;
         &lt;a href="http://blog.beliefnet.com/cityofbrass/2009/12/welcome-to-marol.html"&gt;Read this post &amp;raquo;&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=AuQLw68cwlI:wRn7panXt2c:qj6IDK7rITs"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?d=qj6IDK7rITs" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=AuQLw68cwlI:wRn7panXt2c:gIN9vFwOqvQ"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?i=AuQLw68cwlI:wRn7panXt2c:gIN9vFwOqvQ" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=AuQLw68cwlI:wRn7panXt2c:dnMXMwOfBR0"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?d=dnMXMwOfBR0" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=AuQLw68cwlI:wRn7panXt2c:V_sGLiPBpWU"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?i=AuQLw68cwlI:wRn7panXt2c:V_sGLiPBpWU" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=AuQLw68cwlI:wRn7panXt2c:F7zBnMyn0Lo"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?i=AuQLw68cwlI:wRn7panXt2c:F7zBnMyn0Lo" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/city-of-brass/~4/AuQLw68cwlI" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</description>
         <link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/city-of-brass/~3/AuQLw68cwlI/welcome-to-marol.html</link>
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          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#category">Expressions</category>
        
        
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          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">India</category>
        
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         <pubDate>Mon, 21 Dec 2009 03:46:50 -0500</pubDate>
      <feedburner:origLink>http://blog.beliefnet.com/cityofbrass/2009/12/welcome-to-marol.html</feedburner:origLink></item>
      
      <item>
         <title>Saifee Masjid, Marol (Mumbai)</title>
         <description>&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/abde/4202239864/" title="Saifee Masjid by abde, on Flickr"&gt;&lt;img src="http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4041/4202239864_d59e3eb897.jpg" width="500" height="375" alt="Saifee Masjid" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Saifee Masjid, the venue for Ashara 1431 in Marol, Mumbai. The Marol Jamaat has &lt;a href="http://ashara.maroljamaat.com/history.html"&gt;a brief history &amp;nbsp; of the Saifee Park area&lt;/a&gt; on their website.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;(see more of&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/abde/sets/72157623040387226/" style="text-decoration: underline; "&gt;my photos here&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;- will be adding many more)&lt;/div&gt;
         &lt;a href="http://blog.beliefnet.com/cityofbrass/2009/12/saifee-masjid-marol-mumbai.html"&gt;Read this post &amp;raquo;&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=MhGTmXmHfBg:9XZzC2xhMM4:qj6IDK7rITs"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?d=qj6IDK7rITs" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=MhGTmXmHfBg:9XZzC2xhMM4:gIN9vFwOqvQ"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?i=MhGTmXmHfBg:9XZzC2xhMM4:gIN9vFwOqvQ" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=MhGTmXmHfBg:9XZzC2xhMM4:dnMXMwOfBR0"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?d=dnMXMwOfBR0" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=MhGTmXmHfBg:9XZzC2xhMM4:V_sGLiPBpWU"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?i=MhGTmXmHfBg:9XZzC2xhMM4:V_sGLiPBpWU" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=MhGTmXmHfBg:9XZzC2xhMM4:F7zBnMyn0Lo"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?i=MhGTmXmHfBg:9XZzC2xhMM4:F7zBnMyn0Lo" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/city-of-brass/~4/MhGTmXmHfBg" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</description>
         <link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/city-of-brass/~3/MhGTmXmHfBg/saifee-masjid-marol-mumbai.html</link>
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          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#category">Expressions</category>
        
        
          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">Ashara</category>
        
          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">India</category>
        
          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">Mumbai</category>
        
          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">News</category>
        
          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">photos</category>
        
          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">politics</category>
        
         <pubDate>Sun, 20 Dec 2009 21:36:53 -0500</pubDate>
      <feedburner:origLink>http://blog.beliefnet.com/cityofbrass/2009/12/saifee-masjid-marol-mumbai.html</feedburner:origLink></item>
      
      <item>
         <title>Muharram - Headed to Marol, Mumbai for Ashara</title>
         <description>&lt;p&gt;The Islamic New Year is almost upon us - by the Fatimid calendar, the month of Muharram al Haram begins tonight at sunset. For Shi'a muslims, the new year marks the start of the Ashara 10-day period of mourning for Imam Husain AS, which culminates on &lt;em&gt;Yawme Ashura&lt;/em&gt;, the 10th of Muharram (next Saturday). The centuries-old tradition of my community of Shi'a muslims, the &lt;a href="http://www.mumineen.org/"&gt;Dawoodi Bohras&lt;/a&gt;, is to congregate en masse to hear sermons from our spiritual leader, &lt;a href="http://www.mumineen.org/archive/publications/oup/syedna.html"&gt;Dr. Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS&lt;/a&gt;. This year, Syedna TUS has chosen Marol, Mumbai as the venue for Ashara and so I am &lt;a href="http://twitter.com/azizhp/status/6642347411"&gt;flying&lt;/a&gt; out tonight, to return Monday after next.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Inshallah&lt;/em&gt; I will be posting photos and the occassional text from there, but the frequency of my posts (especially over the next few days until I arrive in Mumbai) is going to be decreased. I do recommend saying tuned to &lt;a href="http://talkislam.info/"&gt;Talk Islam&lt;/a&gt; for the latest news, politics, and discussions in the meantime (I'll post an notice there too if/when I have new posts here at COB).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Off to Mumbai!&lt;/p&gt;
         &lt;a href="http://blog.beliefnet.com/cityofbrass/2009/12/muharram---headed-to-marol-mum.html"&gt;Read this post &amp;raquo;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://feedads.g.doubleclick.net/~a/Rr-28ot45wEWLCTHhJ8pJ-2OIpc/0/da"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feedads.g.doubleclick.net/~a/Rr-28ot45wEWLCTHhJ8pJ-2OIpc/0/di" border="0" ismap="true"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://feedads.g.doubleclick.net/~a/GeqN1CSRWhtpDDSEKw2lopy9AHU/0/da"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feedads.g.doubleclick.net/~a/GeqN1CSRWhtpDDSEKw2lopy9AHU/0/di" border="0" ismap="true"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
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&lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=FbHb5MY2nSI:EGLgt1dunQs:qj6IDK7rITs"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?d=qj6IDK7rITs" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=FbHb5MY2nSI:EGLgt1dunQs:gIN9vFwOqvQ"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?i=FbHb5MY2nSI:EGLgt1dunQs:gIN9vFwOqvQ" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=FbHb5MY2nSI:EGLgt1dunQs:dnMXMwOfBR0"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?d=dnMXMwOfBR0" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=FbHb5MY2nSI:EGLgt1dunQs:V_sGLiPBpWU"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?i=FbHb5MY2nSI:EGLgt1dunQs:V_sGLiPBpWU" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=FbHb5MY2nSI:EGLgt1dunQs:F7zBnMyn0Lo"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?i=FbHb5MY2nSI:EGLgt1dunQs:F7zBnMyn0Lo" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/city-of-brass/~4/FbHb5MY2nSI" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</description>
         <link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/city-of-brass/~3/FbHb5MY2nSI/muharram---headed-to-marol-mum.html</link>
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          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#category">The Pillars of Faith</category>
        
        
          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">Ashara</category>
        
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          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">politics</category>
        
          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">Shi'a</category>
        
         <pubDate>Wed, 16 Dec 2009 11:13:05 -0500</pubDate>
      <feedburner:origLink>http://blog.beliefnet.com/cityofbrass/2009/12/muharram---headed-to-marol-mum.html</feedburner:origLink></item>
      
      <item>
         <title>Discussing "homegrown muslim extremism" on NPR today</title>
         <description>&lt;p&gt;I've been invited to discuss the recent story about Pakistani-Americans traveling to Pakistan to fight alongside the Taliban, and the general issue of whether domestic "home-grown" terrorism is an issue, on NPR Los Angeles' "&lt;a href="http://www.kcrw.com/news/programs/tp/tp091215homegrown_terrorism"&gt;To the Point&lt;/a&gt;" this afternoon (hosted by &lt;a href="http://www.kcrw.com/people/news/programs/tp/olney_warren?role=news_host"&gt;Warren Olney&lt;/a&gt;). Tune in to KCRW Los Angeles (streaming &lt;a href="http://www.kcrw.com/"&gt;online here&lt;/a&gt;) from 2:10 - 2:45pm EST !&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I hope I dont make a fool of myself. More than usual, that is :P&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;UPDATE: Here's the &lt;a href="http://www.kcrw.com/news/programs/tp/tp091215home-based_terrorism"&gt;segment at KCRW's website&lt;/a&gt;, including links to &lt;a href="http://download.kcrw.com/audio/213281/tp_2009-12-15-171120.mp3"&gt;download the MP3&lt;/a&gt;. I was disappointed I didn't get to interact directly with Spencer Ackerman, who I've been a huge fan of ever since his Iraq'd column at TNR during the Bush years. His recent piece arguing that &lt;a href="http://washingtonindependent.com/70710/security-experts-claim-administration-overstates-domestic-al-qaeda-threat"&gt;the ObamAdmin overstates the domestic terrorism threat&lt;/a&gt; was part of the debate and really worth reading. Also, I really thought &lt;a href="http://www.rand.org/about/people/j/jenkins_brian_michael.html"&gt;Brian Jenkins&lt;/a&gt; of RAND Corp did &lt;a href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/testimonies/CT336/"&gt;a great job refuting&lt;/a&gt; the &lt;a href="http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report_jihadis-have-taken-root-in-the-us_1323082-all"&gt;nonsense&lt;/a&gt; from Walid Phares.&lt;/p&gt;

         &lt;a href="http://blog.beliefnet.com/cityofbrass/2009/12/discussing-homegrown-muslim-ex.html"&gt;Read this post &amp;raquo;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://feedads.g.doubleclick.net/~a/vXBiuatrihOfj2hhCB9sKlSZK2w/0/da"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feedads.g.doubleclick.net/~a/vXBiuatrihOfj2hhCB9sKlSZK2w/0/di" border="0" ismap="true"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
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&lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=pwEnrEwz5fY:-lO9kA0WeH8:qj6IDK7rITs"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?d=qj6IDK7rITs" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=pwEnrEwz5fY:-lO9kA0WeH8:gIN9vFwOqvQ"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?i=pwEnrEwz5fY:-lO9kA0WeH8:gIN9vFwOqvQ" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=pwEnrEwz5fY:-lO9kA0WeH8:dnMXMwOfBR0"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?d=dnMXMwOfBR0" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=pwEnrEwz5fY:-lO9kA0WeH8:V_sGLiPBpWU"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?i=pwEnrEwz5fY:-lO9kA0WeH8:V_sGLiPBpWU" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=pwEnrEwz5fY:-lO9kA0WeH8:F7zBnMyn0Lo"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?i=pwEnrEwz5fY:-lO9kA0WeH8:F7zBnMyn0Lo" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/city-of-brass/~4/pwEnrEwz5fY" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</description>
         <link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/city-of-brass/~3/pwEnrEwz5fY/discussing-homegrown-muslim-ex.html</link>
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          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#category">Islamerica</category>
        
        
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          <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">terrorism</category>
        
         <pubDate>Tue, 15 Dec 2009 12:40:00 -0500</pubDate>
      <feedburner:origLink>http://blog.beliefnet.com/cityofbrass/2009/12/discussing-homegrown-muslim-ex.html</feedburner:origLink></item>
      
      <item>
         <title>The Geminid Meteor Shower peaks tonight</title>
         <description>&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geminids"&gt;Geminids&lt;/a&gt; are &lt;a href="http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2009/08dec_geminids.htm"&gt;coming&lt;/a&gt; tonight!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/gallery/Geminids.jpg" align="right" height="416"/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;"It's the Geminid meteor shower," says Bill Cooke of NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office. "and it will peak on Dec. 13th and 14th under ideal viewing conditions."&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A new Moon will keep skies dark for a display that Cooke and others say could top 140 meteors per hour. According to the International Meteor Organization, &lt;strong&gt;maximum activity should occur around 12:10 a.m. EST&lt;/strong&gt; (0510 UT) on Dec. 14th. The peak is broad, however, and the night sky will be rich with Geminids for many hours and perhaps even days around the maximum.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cooke offers this advice: "Watch the sky during the hours around local midnight. For North Americans, this means Sunday night to Monday morning."&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Geminids are pieces of debris from a strange object called 3200 Phaethon. Long thought to be an asteroid, Phaethon is now classified as an extinct comet. It is, basically, the rocky skeleton of a comet that lost its ice after too many close encounters with the sun. Earth runs into a stream of debris from 3200 Phaethon every year in mid-December, causing meteors to fly from the constellation Gemini: sky map.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As the NASA page explains, the Geminids are relatively recent in origin, first appearing in the early 19th century, and have been gradually intensifying since then, because Jupiter's gravity has been pulling the debris stream towards Earth's orbit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The reason meteor showers interest me is not the light show (truthfully, I've seen very few, due to viewing conditions or simply missing them) but rather the cometary aspect of them. Meteors are comets' bones. I've been obsessed with comets since grade school. I remember making every effort I could to see Halley's comet when I was 12 years old, but the geometry of that sighting was &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet#Apparitions"&gt;suboptimal&lt;/a&gt; - all I remember is a light smudge. I'm hoping that when I turn 87, I'll have a better show.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For more information on the 2009 Geminids, see the International Meteor Organization's &lt;a href="http://www.imo.net/live/geminids2009/"&gt;live tally page&lt;/a&gt;, which is already recording an increase in sightings.&lt;/p&gt;

         &lt;a href="http://blog.beliefnet.com/cityofbrass/2009/12/the-geminid-meteor-shower-peak.html"&gt;Read this post &amp;raquo;&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=VXVr4ilxOeY:BQ6aEdL3IVU:qj6IDK7rITs"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?d=qj6IDK7rITs" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=VXVr4ilxOeY:BQ6aEdL3IVU:gIN9vFwOqvQ"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?i=VXVr4ilxOeY:BQ6aEdL3IVU:gIN9vFwOqvQ" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=VXVr4ilxOeY:BQ6aEdL3IVU:dnMXMwOfBR0"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?d=dnMXMwOfBR0" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=VXVr4ilxOeY:BQ6aEdL3IVU:V_sGLiPBpWU"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?i=VXVr4ilxOeY:BQ6aEdL3IVU:V_sGLiPBpWU" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?a=VXVr4ilxOeY:BQ6aEdL3IVU:F7zBnMyn0Lo"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/city-of-brass?i=VXVr4ilxOeY:BQ6aEdL3IVU:F7zBnMyn0Lo" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/city-of-brass/~4/VXVr4ilxOeY" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</description>
         <link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/city-of-brass/~3/VXVr4ilxOeY/the-geminid-meteor-shower-peak.html</link>
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         <pubDate>Sun, 13 Dec 2009 12:00:44 -0500</pubDate>
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         <title>word cloud and transcript: Obama's Nobel speech</title>
         <description>&lt;p&gt;These are the remarks by President Obama in Oslo, Norway at the acceptance ceremony for his Nobel Peace Prize. Click to enlarge the word cloud - which features "America" quite prominently, interestingly enough.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Democracy Arsenal &lt;a href="http://www.democracyarsenal.org/2009/12/oama-on-jus-in-bello-and-jus-ad-bellum.html"&gt;highlights two passages&lt;/a&gt; in particular - pointing out that Obama seems to endorse the right of humanitarian intervention by force, and also rejects the idea that humanitarian law/the Geneva Conventions need be reciprocity-based.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/abde/4175079004/" title="Obama's speech - Nobel peace prize by abde, on Flickr"&gt;&lt;img src="http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4009/4175079004_ca46267849.jpg" alt="Obama's speech - Nobel peace prize" height="261" width="500"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"&gt;December 10, 2009&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"&gt;REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"&gt;AT THE ACCEPTANCE OF THE NOBEL PEACE PRIZE&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"&gt;Oslo City Hall&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"&gt;Oslo, Norway&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your Majesties, Your Royal Highnesses, distinguished members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, citizens of America, and citizens of the world:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I receive this honor with deep gratitude and great humility. It is an award that speaks to our highest aspirations -- that for all the cruelty and hardship of our world, we are not mere prisoners of fate. Our actions matter, and can bend history in the direction of justice.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;And yet I would be remiss if I did not acknowledge the considerable controversy that your generous decision has generated. (Laughter.) In part, this is because I am at the beginning, and not the end, of my labors on the world stage. Compared to some of the giants of history who've received this prize -- Schweitzer and King; Marshall and Mandela -- my accomplishments are slight. And then there are the men and women around the world who have been jailed and beaten in the pursuit of justice; those who toil in humanitarian organizations to relieve suffering; the unrecognized millions whose quiet acts of courage and compassion inspire even the most hardened cynics. I cannot argue with those who find these men and women -- some known, some obscure to all but those they help -- to be far more deserving of this honor than I.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;But perhaps the most profound issue surrounding my receipt of this prize is the fact that I am the Commander-in-Chief of the military of a nation in the midst of two wars. One of these wars is winding down. The other is a conflict that America did not seek; one in which we are joined by 42 other countries -- including Norway -- in an effort to defend ourselves and all nations from further attacks.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Still, we are at war, and I'm responsible for the deployment of thousands of young Americans to battle in a distant land. Some will kill, and some will be killed. And so I come here with an acute sense of the costs of armed conflict -- filled with difficult questions about the relationship between war and peace, and our effort to replace one with the other.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Now these questions are not new. War, in one form or another, appeared with the first man. At the dawn of history, its morality was not questioned; it was simply a fact, like drought or disease -- the manner in which tribes and then civilizations sought power and settled their differences.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;And over time, as codes of law sought to control violence within groups, so did philosophers and clerics and statesmen seek to regulate the destructive power of war. The concept of a "just war" emerged, suggesting that war is justified only when certain conditions were met: if it is waged as a last resort or in self-defense; if the force used is proportional; and if, whenever possible, civilians are spared from violence.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Of course, we know that for most of history, this concept of "just war" was rarely observed. The capacity of human beings to think up new ways to kill one another proved inexhaustible, as did our capacity to exempt from mercy those who look different or pray to a different God. Wars between armies gave way to wars between nations -- total wars in which the distinction between combatant and civilian became blurred. In the span of 30 years, such carnage would twice engulf this continent. And while it's hard to conceive of a cause more just than the defeat of the Third Reich and the Axis powers, World War II was a conflict in which the total number of civilians who died exceeded the number of soldiers who perished.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the wake of such destruction, and with the advent of the nuclear age, it became clear to victor and vanquished alike that the world needed institutions to prevent another world war. And so, a quarter century after the United States Senate rejected the League of Nations -- an idea for which Woodrow Wilson received this prize -- America led the world in constructing an architecture to keep the peace: a Marshall Plan and a United Nations, mechanisms to govern the waging of war, treaties to protect human rights, prevent genocide, restrict the most dangerous weapons.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In many ways, these efforts succeeded. Yes, terrible wars have been fought, and atrocities committed. But there has been no Third World War. The Cold War ended with jubilant crowds dismantling a wall. Commerce has stitched much of the world together. Billions have been lifted from poverty. The ideals of liberty and self-determination, equality and the rule of law have haltingly advanced. We are the heirs of the fortitude and foresight of generations past, and it is a legacy for which my own country is rightfully proud.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;And yet, a decade into a new century, this old architecture is buckling under the weight of new threats. The world may no longer shudder at the prospect of war between two nuclear superpowers, but proliferation may increase the risk of catastrophe. Terrorism has long been a tactic, but modern technology allows a few small men with outsized rage to murder innocents on a horrific scale.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Moreover, wars between nations have increasingly given way to wars within nations. The resurgence of ethnic or sectarian conflicts; the growth of secessionist movements, insurgencies, and failed states -- all these things have increasingly trapped civilians in unending chaos. In today's wars, many more civilians are killed than soldiers; the seeds of future conflict are sown, economies are wrecked, civil societies torn asunder, refugees amassed, children scarred.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I do not bring with me today a definitive solution to the problems of war. What I do know is that meeting these challenges will require the same vision, hard work, and persistence of those men and women who acted so boldly decades ago. And it will require us to think in new ways about the notions of just war and the imperatives of a just peace.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We must begin by acknowledging the hard truth: We will not eradicate violent conflict in our lifetimes. There will be times when nations -- acting individually or in concert -- will find the use of force not only necessary but morally justified.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I make this statement mindful of what Martin Luther King Jr. said in this same ceremony years ago: "Violence never brings permanent peace. It solves no social problem: it merely creates new and more complicated ones." As someone who stands here as a direct consequence of Dr. King's life work, I am living testimony to the moral force of non-violence. I know there's nothing weak -- nothing passive -- nothing naïve -- in the creed and lives of Gandhi and King.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;But as a head of state sworn to protect and defend my nation, I cannot be guided by their examples alone. I face the world as it is, and cannot stand idle in the face of threats to the American people. For make no mistake: Evil does exist in the world. A non-violent movement could not have halted Hitler's armies. Negotiations cannot convince al Qaeda's leaders to lay down their arms. To say that force may sometimes be necessary is not a call to cynicism -- it is a recognition of history; the imperfections of man and the limits of reason.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I raise this point, I begin with this point because in many countries there is a deep ambivalence about military action today, no matter what the cause. And at times, this is joined by a reflexive suspicion of America, the world's sole military superpower.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;But the world must remember that it was not simply international institutions -- not just treaties and declarations -- that brought stability to a post-World War II world. Whatever mistakes we have made, the plain fact is this: The United States of America has helped underwrite global security for more than six decades with the blood of our citizens and the strength of our arms. The service and sacrifice of our men and women in uniform has promoted peace and prosperity from Germany to Korea, and enabled democracy to take hold in places like the Balkans. We have borne this burden not because we seek to impose our will. We have done so out of enlightened self-interest -- because we seek a better future for our children and grandchildren, and we believe that their lives will be better if others' children and grandchildren can live in freedom and prosperity.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;So yes, the instruments of war do have a role to play in preserving the peace. And yet this truth must coexist with another -- that no matter how justified, war promises human tragedy. The soldier's courage and sacrifice is full of glory, expressing devotion to country, to cause, to comrades in arms. But war itself is never glorious, and we must never trumpet it as such.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;So part of our challenge is reconciling these two seemingly inreconcilable truths -- that war is sometimes necessary, and war at some level is an expression of human folly. Concretely, we must direct our effort to the task that President Kennedy called for long ago. "Let us focus," he said, "on a more practical, more attainable peace, based not on a sudden revolution in human nature but on a gradual evolution in human institutions." A gradual evolution of human institutions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;What might this evolution look like? What might these practical steps be?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To begin with, I believe that all nations -- strong and weak alike -- must adhere to standards that govern the use of force. I -- like any head of state -- reserve the right to act unilaterally if necessary to defend my nation. Nevertheless, I am convinced that adhering to standards, international standards, strengthens those who do, and isolates and weakens those who don't.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The world rallied around America after the 9/11 attacks, and continues to support our efforts in Afghanistan, because of the horror of those senseless attacks and the recognized principle of self-defense. Likewise, the world recognized the need to confront Saddam Hussein when he invaded Kuwait -- a consensus that sent a clear message to all about the cost of aggression.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, America -- in fact, no nation -- can insist that others follow the rules of the road if we refuse to follow them ourselves. For when we don't, our actions appear arbitrary and undercut the legitimacy of future interventions, no matter how justified.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;And this becomes particularly important when the purpose of military action extends beyond self-defense or the defense of one nation against an aggressor. More and more, we all confront difficult questions about how to prevent the slaughter of civilians by their own government, or to stop a civil war whose violence and suffering can engulf an entire region.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I believe that force can be justified on humanitarian grounds, as it was in the Balkans, or in other places that have been scarred by war. Inaction tears at our conscience and can lead to more costly intervention later. That's why all responsible nations must embrace the role that militaries with a clear mandate can play to keep the peace.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;America's commitment to global security will never waver. But in a world in which threats are more diffuse, and missions more complex, America cannot act alone. America alone cannot secure the peace. This is true in Afghanistan. This is true in failed states like Somalia, where terrorism and piracy is joined by famine and human suffering. And sadly, it will continue to be true in unstable regions for years to come.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The leaders and soldiers of NATO countries, and other friends and allies, demonstrate this truth through the capacity and courage they've shown in Afghanistan. But in many countries, there is a disconnect between the efforts of those who serve and the ambivalence of the broader public. I understand why war is not popular, but I also know this: The belief that peace is desirable is rarely enough to achieve it. Peace requires responsibility. Peace entails sacrifice. That's why NATO continues to be indispensable. That's why we must strengthen U.N. and regional peacekeeping, and not leave the task to a few countries. That's why we honor those who return home from peacekeeping and training abroad to Oslo and Rome; to Ottawa and Sydney; to Dhaka and Kigali -- we honor them not as makers of war, but of wagers -- but as wagers of peace.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Let me make one final point about the use of force. Even as we make difficult decisions about going to war, we must also think clearly about how we fight it. The Nobel Committee recognized this truth in awarding its first prize for peace to Henry Dunant -- the founder of the Red Cross, and a driving force behind the Geneva Conventions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Where force is necessary, we have a moral and strategic interest in binding ourselves to certain rules of conduct. And even as we confront a vicious adversary that abides by no rules, I believe the United States of America must remain a standard bearer in the conduct of war. That is what makes us different from those whom we fight. That is a source of our strength. That is why I prohibited torture. That is why I ordered the prison at Guantanamo Bay closed. And that is why I have reaffirmed America's commitment to abide by the Geneva Conventions. We lose ourselves when we compromise the very ideals that we fight to defend. And we honor -- we honor those ideals by upholding them not when it's easy, but when it is hard.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I have spoken at some length to the question that must weigh on our minds and our hearts as we choose to wage war. But let me now turn to our effort to avoid such tragic choices, and speak of three ways that we can build a just and lasting peace.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;First, in dealing with those nations that break rules and laws, I believe that we must develop alternatives to violence that are tough enough to actually change behavior -- for if we want a lasting peace, then the words of the international community must mean something. Those regimes that break the rules must be held accountable. Sanctions must exact a real price. Intransigence must be met with increased pressure -- and such pressure exists only when the world stands together as one.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;One urgent example is the effort to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, and to seek a world without them. In the middle of the last century, nations agreed to be bound by a treaty whose bargain is clear: All will have access to peaceful nuclear power; those without nuclear weapons will forsake them; and those with nuclear weapons will work towards disarmament. I am committed to upholding this treaty. It is a centerpiece of my foreign policy. And I'm working with President Medvedev to reduce America and Russia's nuclear stockpiles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;But it is also incumbent upon all of us to insist that nations like Iran and North Korea do not game the system. Those who claim to respect international law cannot avert their eyes when those laws are flouted. Those who care for their own security cannot ignore the danger of an arms race in the Middle East or East Asia. Those who seek peace cannot stand idly by as nations arm themselves for nuclear war.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The same principle applies to those who violate international laws by brutalizing their own people. When there is genocide in Darfur, systematic rape in Congo, repression in Burma -- there must be consequences. Yes, there will be engagement; yes, there will be diplomacy -- but there must be consequences when those things fail. And the closer we stand together, the less likely we will be faced with the choice between armed intervention and complicity in oppression.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This brings me to a second point -- the nature of the peace that we seek. For peace is not merely the absence of visible conflict. Only a just peace based on the inherent rights and dignity of every individual can truly be lasting.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It was this insight that drove drafters of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights after the Second World War. In the wake of devastation, they recognized that if human rights are not protected, peace is a hollow promise.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;And yet too often, these words are ignored. For some countries, the failure to uphold human rights is excused by the false suggestion that these are somehow Western principles, foreign to local cultures or stages of a nation's development. And within America, there has long been a tension between those who describe themselves as realists or idealists -- a tension that suggests a stark choice between the narrow pursuit of interests or an endless campaign to impose our values around the world.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I reject these choices. I believe that peace is unstable where citizens are denied the right to speak freely or worship as they please; choose their own leaders or assemble without fear. Pent-up grievances fester, and the suppression of tribal and religious identity can lead to violence. We also know that the opposite is true. Only when Europe became free did it finally find peace. America has never fought a war against a democracy, and our closest friends are governments that protect the rights of their citizens. No matter how callously defined, neither America's interests -- nor the world's -- are served by the denial of human aspirations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;So even as we respect the unique culture and traditions of different countries, America will always be a voice for those aspirations that are universal. We will bear witness to the quiet dignity of reformers like Aung Sang Suu Kyi; to the bravery of Zimbabweans who cast their ballots in the face of beatings; to the hundreds of thousands who have marched silently through the streets of Iran. It is telling that the leaders of these governments fear the aspirations of their own people more than the power of any other nation. And it is the responsibility of all free people and free nations to make clear that these movements -- these movements of hope and history -- they have us on their side.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Let me also say this: The promotion of human rights cannot be about exhortation alone. At times, it must be coupled with painstaking diplomacy. I know that engagement with repressive regimes lacks the satisfying purity of indignation. But I also know that sanctions without outreach -- condemnation without discussion -- can carry forward only a crippling status quo. No repressive regime can move down a new path unless it has the choice of an open door.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In light of the Cultural Revolution's horrors, Nixon's meeting with Mao appeared inexcusable -- and yet it surely helped set China on a path where millions of its citizens have been lifted from poverty and connected to open societies. Pope John Paul's engagement with Poland created space not just for the Catholic Church, but for labor leaders like Lech Walesa. Ronald Reagan's efforts on arms control and embrace of perestroika not only improved relations with the Soviet Union, but empowered dissidents throughout Eastern Europe. There's no simple formula here. But we must try as best we can to balance isolation and engagement, pressure and incentives, so that human rights and dignity are advanced over time.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Third, a just peace includes not only civil and political rights -- it must encompass economic security and opportunity. For true peace is not just freedom from fear, but freedom from want.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It is undoubtedly true that development rarely takes root without security; it is also true that security does not exist where human beings do not have access to enough food, or clean water, or the medicine and shelter they need to survive. It does not exist where children can't aspire to a decent education or a job that supports a family. The absence of hope can rot a society from within.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;And that's why helping farmers feed their own people -- or nations educate their children and care for the sick -- is not mere charity. It's also why the world must come together to confront climate change. There is little scientific dispute that if we do nothing, we will face more drought, more famine, more mass displacement -- all of which will fuel more conflict for decades. For this reason, it is not merely scientists and environmental activists who call for swift and forceful action -- it's military leaders in my own country and others who understand our common security hangs in the balance.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Agreements among nations. Strong institutions. Support for human rights. Investments in development. All these are vital ingredients in bringing about the evolution that President Kennedy spoke about. And yet, I do not believe that we will have the will, the determination, the staying power, to complete this work without something more -- and that's the continued expansion of our moral imagination; an insistence that there's something irreducible that we all share.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As the world grows smaller, you might think it would be easier for human beings to recognize how similar we are; to understand that we're all basically seeking the same things; that we all hope for the chance to live out our lives with some measure of happiness and fulfillment for ourselves and our families.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;And yet somehow, given the dizzying pace of globalization, the cultural leveling of modernity, it perhaps comes as no surprise that people fear the loss of what they cherish in their particular identities -- their race, their tribe, and perhaps most powerfully their religion. In some places, this fear has led to conflict. At times, it even feels like we're moving backwards. We see it in the Middle East, as the conflict between Arabs and Jews seems to harden. We see it in nations that are torn asunder by tribal lines.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;And most dangerously, we see it in the way that religion is used to justify the murder of innocents by those who have distorted and defiled the great religion of Islam, and who attacked my country from Afghanistan. These extremists are not the first to kill in the name of God; the cruelties of the Crusades are amply recorded. But they remind us that no Holy War can ever be a just war. For if you truly believe that you are carrying out divine will, then there is no need for restraint -- no need to spare the pregnant mother, or the medic, or the Red Cross worker, or even a person of one's own faith. Such a warped view of religion is not just incompatible with the concept of peace, but I believe it's incompatible with the very purpose of faith -- for the one rule that lies at the heart of every major religion is that we do unto others as we would have them do unto us.
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
Adhering to this law of love has always been the core struggle of human nature. For we are fallible. We make mistakes, and fall victim to the temptations of pride, and power, and sometimes evil. Even those of us with the best of intentions will at times fail to right the wrongs before us.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;But we do not have to think that human nature is perfect for us to still believe that the human condition can be perfected. We do not have to live in an idealized world to still reach for those ideals that will make it a better place. The non-violence practiced by men like Gandhi and King may not have been practical or possible in every circumstance, but the love that they preached -- their fundamental faith in human progress -- that must always be the North Star that guides us on our journey.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For if we lose that faith -- if we dismiss it as silly or naïve; if we divorce it from the decisions that we make on issues of war and peace -- then we lose what's best about humanity. We lose our sense of possibility. We lose our moral compass.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Like generations have before us, we must reject that future. As Dr. King said at this occasion so many years ago, "I refuse to accept despair as the final response to the ambiguities of history. I refuse to accept the idea that the 'isness' of man's present condition makes him morally incapable of reaching up for the eternal 'oughtness' that forever confronts him."&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Let us reach for the world that ought to be -- that spark of the divine that still stirs within each of our souls.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Somewhere today, in the here and now, in the world as it is, a soldier sees he's outgunned, but stands firm to keep the peace. Somewhere today, in this world, a young protestor awaits the brutality of her government, but has the courage to march on. Somewhere today, a mother facing punishing poverty still takes the time to teach her child, scrapes together what few coins she has to send that child to school -- because she believes that a cruel world still has a place for that child's dreams.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Let us live by their example. We can acknowledge that oppression will always be with us, and still strive for justice. We can admit the intractability of depravation, and still strive for dignity. Clear-eyed, we can understand that there will be war, and still strive for peace. We can do that -- for that is the story of human progress; that's the hope of all the world; and at this moment of challenge, that must be our work here on Earth.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Thank you very much.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

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         <pubDate>Thu, 10 Dec 2009 14:49:19 -0500</pubDate>
      <feedburner:origLink>http://blog.beliefnet.com/cityofbrass/2009/12/word-cloud-and-transcript-obam.html</feedburner:origLink></item>
      
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