CocoNutters

Australasian Permaculture Convergence APC10 2010

2010-09-21T13:09:00.001+10:00

September 24 - 27, 2010

And Post-Convergence Tablelands Tour Tuesday, September 28

In the heart of the rainforest

Kuranda, Far North Queensland

Featuring many amazing permaculture personalities!

More information: www.apc10.org

Is Coconut Water Really as Good as Sports Drinks?

2010-08-05T10:24:00.000+10:00

— By Kiera Butler
As a runner, I always considered sports drinks a necessary evil: While I never loved the taste, I held my nose and downed my Gatorade for the sake of proper hydration. But last year, a friend handed me a little box of coconut water, which, she told me, had just as many electrolytes as Gatorade. I took a sip, loved the mild taste, and found myself regularly shelling out as much as $3 for 11 oz. of the stuff. That is, until it disappeared from my local supermarket earlier this summer.

Turns out I'm not the only one with a new coconut water addiction. Although the beverage has been popular for centuries in countries where coconuts grow, it has only recently been marketed in the US. Vita Coco, currently the country's biggest coconut water company, was founded in 2004, and according to spokesperson Arthur Gallego, sales skyrocketed from $4 million in 2007 to $20 million in 2009. The past 6 months have been Vita Coco's busiest yet. "Typically Vita Coco would keep 45 days of inventory, but that has all been blown through," says Gallego. "People used to buy by the unit, now they are buying in bulk by the box."

Not to be confused with coconut milk, which is made from the white flesh of the fruit, coconut water is the clear liquid in the fruit's center. Also unlike coconut milk, the water is very low in calories and fat and high in the electrolyte potassium, which is why it's often marketed as a natural alternative to sports drinks. The website of the coconut water company Zico features a slide show of perspiring runners, rock climbers and mountain bikers and says the company is "on a mission to tell the world that Mother Nature made a better sports drink." Another manufacturer, O.N.E., claims that coconut water is "a natural alternative to Viagra" and prevents kidney stones. Others tout its anti-aging properties, and some companies regularly sponsor sports events and partner with bikram yoga ("hot yoga") studios.

But according to Liz Applegate, director of sports nutrition at UC-Davis, coconut water isn't ideal for prolonged bouts of physical activity. That's because of its particular blend of electrolytes. Unlike sports drinks, which generally contain a lot of sodium and a little potassium, coconut water is the opposite: heavy on potassium, light on sodium. "Even though the belief is that when you exercise you need a lot of potassium, sodium is more important," says Applegate. "When you sweat, you lose a lot more sodium than potassium." (Zico's new Natural Bottle product has a little more sodium, but unlike most coconut waters, it's made from concentrate.) Applegate says she has never seen any convincing scientific evidence to support anti-aging and kidney health claims. Still, she doesn't dismiss coconut water entirely. "If you like the taste, great," she says. "If you're doing a short workout, great."

Traditional coconut farming is relatively easy on the environment, says Severino Magat, a coconut expert and former senior scientist with the Philippines' Department of Agriculture. Compared to other crops, coconuts require little fertilizer, and their giant root systems help prevent soil erosion. They support beneficial bacteria and fungus, which nourish the sandy beaches where they grow. Because of their thick husks, coconuts rarely require pesticides, except in the case of major infestations. (A good thing, since according to Magat, the chemicals travel "to most parts of the plant, including the nut, within 24-48 hours after application" and can remain in the plant for months.)

The main environmental cost associated with coconut water, at least in the United States, comes from shipping. Coconut water comes from young, green coconuts, sometimes called (no snickering!) tender nuts, which are grown in tropical regions all over the world. Harvested when they're between six and eight months old, these bright green fruits bear little resemblance to their mature counterparts (the hairy, brown kind you see in the supermarket). After the water is extracted from the young fruit with a tap, it is flash pasteurized, bottled, and shipped, usually on cargo ships. Vita Coco buys its coconut water exclusively from Brazil, while Zico buys its coconuts from Latin America, Indonesia, and Asia.

Although coconuts are now ubiquitous in the tropics, they weren't always. Botanists believe the coconut palm is probably native to Southeast Asia, but it has spread rapidly across the world through trade routes in the past two centuries. A 2009 Stanford study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that seabirds don't like to nest in coconut palms—they prefer native trees. That's a problem, says Hillary Young, a lead researcher on the study. "Many species of seabirds are globally declining, so anything that degrades seabird habitat is a real concern." Also, birds' guano (poop) is an important part of island ecosystems. But "even outside of seabird habitat, new coconut plantations may have negative effects on native plant and animal communities," writes Young in email, though she notes that the same is true of any one-crop plantation.

But even with the skyrocketing demand for coconut water, so far the major manufacturers still mostly buy from small, family-owned plantations that rely on low-impact, traditional farming methods. But were the coconut industry to scale up and industrialize, either because of demand for coconut water or other coconuts products such as oil for cooking or even biodiesel, the environmental impact would likely increase. Mike Foale, an agricultural researcher at the Australian Commonwealth and Scientific Research Organization, predicts that coconut farming in Brazil will expand rapidly in the coming years. To wit: Last year, PepsiCo bought the Brazilian company Amacoco, the country's largest producer of coconut water. (PepsiCo also distributes O.N.E. in California and Florida. Coca-Cola, meanwhile, bought into Zico, a move that prompted one New York yoga studio chain to stop selling it. According to Beverage World, Vita Coco is the only major coconut water that has so far remained independent of either soda giant.)
The bottom line: While serious athletes are probably better off hydrating with sports drinks, coconut water's okay for light workouts and everyday activity. That most coconut waters contain only one ingredient is a nice plus, especially considering the strange hues and artificial flavors common in sports drinks. Environmentally speaking, coconut water is actually not bad. So far. But here's what's not sustainable: going to seven supermarkets to find my coconut fix. I'll try to restrain myself.
Got a burning eco-quandary? Submit it to econundrums@motherjones.com. Get all your green questions answered by signing up for our weekly Econundrums newsletter here.
Kiera Butler is an associate editor at Mother Jones. For more of her stories, click here.

National Tropical Plants, Australia's favourite online tropical plants nursery!

Status change of the Coconut Palm – letter to Minister for Climate Change & Sustainability

2010-07-22T12:15:00.001+10:00

Researchers give green thumbs up for treated coconut coir

2010-06-19T10:50:00.001+10:00

From the Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation.

Some good economic advice for the nursery industry today about the cost effectiveness of using the humble coconut as a source of potting mix.

New research by Agri-Science Queensland shows nursery and cut flower producers can actually grow plants more cost effectively using treated coconut coir potting mix, rather than the less expensive untreated varieties.

Agri-Science Queensland’s Dr Rachael Poulter said the use of coir (fibre made out of coconut husks) as a potting mix by the nursery and cut flower industries was increasing as it was affordable, sustainable, light weight, and retained moisture.

"However, the process of treating coir results in a more expensive final product than the untreated version, so many producers have been favouring untreated coir based on price alone," she said.

"Over the past year, Agri-Science Queensland has put this to the test by researching, for the industry’s wider benefit, the productivity and cost/benefit differences between treated and untreated coir products.

"Funded through Horticulture Australia Limited, the aim of the project was to quantify differences of growth, yield and quality of Gerberas grown in different treated and untreated coir products.

"We found there were significant affects on plant health, growth, yield and quality between those grown in treated and untreated coir.

"Overall, the results showed that when it comes to value for money as well as quality growth performance, treated coconut coir is the best option."

Dr Poulter said a field trial was conducted under protected cropping practices in which three growing media were compared in terms of total productivity and flower quality parameters such as stem length, flower diameter and vase life.

"The coir supplied with no pre-treatment or buffering produced significantly fewer flowers than those grown in a pine bark/coir mix or the pre-treated coir," she said.

"While the pine bark/coir mix produced a greater number of flowers, the flowers generally had shorter length stems than those grown in treated coir."

A cost benefit analysis shows the higher return from better stem length outweighs the increase in stem numbers, giving a cost/benefit ratio of 2.58 for treated coir, 2.49 for untreated coir, and 2.52 for pine bark coir mix, for every single dollar spent.

"While this does not seem a large difference, when considering the number of plants a nursery or flower grower might maintain, there is potential significant cost savings from using treated coir instead of untreated coir," she said.

"Using this cost ratio calculation in the case of a grower maintaining 50,000 plants, the difference in revenue from using treated coir instead of untreated coir could amount to more than $60,000 per annum.

"The main conclusion drawn from this study is that favouring untreated coir products based on price alone is a false economy."

Dr Poulter said further research was recommended to assess the products over a longer time period, and using a wider range of plant species.

"Further research and development into coir products would ensure greater understanding of the importance in choosing the right growing media to meet specific needs," she said.

Agri-Science Queensland acknowledges the support of this project by the Flower Association of Queensland Incorporated, HighSun Express and Jiffy and Florist.

Agri-Science Queensland is part of the Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation.

For more information visit www.deedi.qld.gov.au

Response to 'Coconut Killer' article by Mike Foale

2010-03-21T17:17:00.001+10:00

By Mike Foale.

By way of background I have been a coconut specialist for 52 years having begun to study the palm at the Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture in Trinidad in 1958. My current mission statement is “coconut redemption” indicating my attempt to rescue the reputation of the palm, as a component world-wide of the tropical beach ecosystem and as a source of good food, from its many detractors. I see the activity of Dr Spencer as very unfortunate and am at a loss to detect any authentic reason for his campaign to annihilate the coconut in Australia.

Sincerely, Mike Foale

Honorary Research Consultant (coconut) - University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072

Coconut palms are actually a native species of the Australian tropical coast. They were found, for example, on Russell Island in the Frankland group near Gordonvale in the 1840s, by the survey ship Rattlesnake. Because the White-tailed rat loved to eat nuts that were washed ashore, as did the aboriginal people of Cape York, the palm was not widespread before the European settlers came. It is very much a part of tropical beach flora and, worldwide, contributes to the stability of the beach above the high tide mark. The idea that it is a threat to other native strand flora is nonsense.

I would urge northern shire councils to protect the palms on their beaches as they add an authentic tropical ambience to the environment. Any mosquito breeding would be due entirely to the careless leaving of split nuts by consumers who need to be reminded that any free water comprises such a risk during summer.

Please draw attention in your newspaper to my book "The Coconut Odyssey - the bounteous possibilities of the tree of life". This can be accessed on the internet at http://www.aciar.gov.au/publictions/MN101
The evolution of the coconut palm is described in that book. For tens of thousands of years coconut has been a principal food for coastal peoples from India through south-east Asia, Indonesia, Philippines, Melanesia and right across the Polynesian islands of the Pacific. It has the potential to become an important food source also in tropical Australia and would be especially valuable for coastal aboriginal communities.

The oil of the coconut alleviates the symptoms of Type 2 diabetes, it is an energy food and also has reduced the onset of dementia in some elderly folk.

It is way too valuable a resource to become the obsession of a misguided "beach protector" who seems not to be aware of the huge role that coconut has played in the human story.

"Coconut Killer"

2010-03-19T09:42:00.000+10:00

Scientist wages war on Far North's coconuts - by Daniel Bateman
Wednesday, March 17, 2010
© The Cairns Post

COCONUT palms may be symbols of the tropics to many, but a scientist says they are damaging the natural environment and may help spread dengue fever.

Cape Tribulation Tropical Research Station director Dr Hugh Spencer has spent the past six years studying the impact the palms have had on native beach vegetation.

He has found the thin 50-100m line of forest that lies between the reef and rainforest - called the littoral zone - is constantly under siege from coconut palms, which edge out native trees, pounding them into submission by constantly dumping fronds and fruit on them. Coconuts that are left to rot on the ground collect water, providing perfect breeding grounds for the dengue-carrying mosquito.

To prevent the palms from conquering the beachfront at Cape Tribulation, Dr Spencer and a small group of volunteers have been regularly removing juvenile palms the only way they know - by hand.

Where there used to be entire groves, native plants such as pandanus and she-oaks are slowly reclaiming the beach. "We're getting very, very good recruitment of natural vegetation," Dr Spencer said. "We've literally removed thousands of coconuts. We're all volunteers. Nobody gets paid in this place. "It basically means that we are protecting and recovering the most endangered of our forest types."

Cairns Regional Council general manager infrastructure services Ross McKim said the council did not have a policy either. But it did have a duty of care denutting palms to reduce the risk of liability. "Council is aware that the removal of coconut palms can be an emotive issue and actively manage the trees that are featured along the foreshores and parks of the region," Mr McKim said.

"Council undertakes denutting and palm frond removal and manage those trees already in place, rather than remove what trees are currently there. "While we are aware that these plants may not be native to Australia, council appreciates these palms play an important part in creating the tropical feel of the region."

Dr Spencer previously took more direct action to eliminate palms from the beachfront by boring holes in a number of palms and poisoning them. The actions angered other locals, who referred to him as a "coconut killer". Dr Spencer said his relationship with his critics appeared to have simmered. "I kind of get the feeling that there is more of a mood of acceptance that they really are a problem," he said. "I get the feeling that is starting to filter though, but I don't have any proof". "I'm not having many people getting their knickers in a twist about coconuts being removed any more."

Tell us what you think. Do coconut trees have a place in Far North Queensland? Post a comment or vote in the Cairns Post Poll by following this link: http://www.cairns.com.au/article/2010/03/17/99841_local-news.html

Poster of coconut varieties in Fiji

2010-03-02T13:16:00.000+10:00

Red fruit super dwarf Coconut Palm in Tonga

2010-03-02T13:08:00.001+10:00

A photo of a red fruit super dwarf coconut palm in Tonga. This type of coconut is very common in Fiji.

Spicata Coconuts in the Palmetum

2009-10-07T07:50:00.001+10:00

Here is the background to the spicata dwarfs in the Townsville Palmetum. By Mike Foal - www.cocosplit.com

In my role as an agronomist located in the Russell Island group of Solomon Islands to work in the Joint Coconut Research Scheme (JCRS) funded equally by the Solomons colonial government and Unilever I visited the Polynesian island of Rennell (200 km south of Guadalcanal) by small government vessel in September 1964. While purchasing seed-nuts of the indigenous Rennell Tall population (for a variety trial and despatch to other research centres around the world) from village groves scattered on Rennell, I noticed a "village dwarf" (delicate dwarf palm with orange fruit) that had the "Spicata" character. Each inflorescence of such palms comprises a single branchless stalk in contrast of the normal inflorescence that might have 12 or more branches connected to the main stem. The Spicata inflorescence has many female flowers extending from the base almost to the end of the stalk and a small number of male flowers at the end.

At that time we had begun generating hybrids at the JCRS and were interested in the fact that a Spicata inflorescence produces very little pollen. We could see that an inflorescence with 12 branches would bear at least 12 times more pollen that a Spicata inflorescence. A low pollen producer would be far more likely to outcross and so a high proportion of seeds from a Spicata palm surrounded by non-Spicata would be natural hybrids, whereas non-Spicata dwarf palms, being mostly self-pollinating, would require expensive male flower removal to force hybridisation.

So we collected some seed-nuts from this palm and planted a group of them on the research station. Since that time we realised that the Spicata gene, a mutant that appears rarely but is known in some other countries, is actually a dominant gene, so that any progeny will display the trait even when hybridised with a non-Spicata palm.

Seed-nuts of Spicata orange dwarf were imported from the JCRS (Solomons) palms by the Townsville City Council in 1998 and established in the Palmetum. Several of the palms from these seeds are true Spicata dwarf and some are evidently hybrids as the dwarf character is modified and the orange colour (a recessive gene) is not expressed.

It seems to me that the attractive fruit colour, the delicate dwarf from, and the unusual inflorescence stalk make the Spicata dwarf an ideal ornamental palm.

Mike Foale has written a comprehensive book on coconuts “The Coconut Odyssey: the bounteous possibilities of the tree of life”. Purchase it, or download it for free here: http://www.aciar.gov.au/publication/MN101

Extra Virgin Coconut Oil - Food for Life

2009-08-04T12:24:00.003+10:00

Cactus Island Nursery has partnered up with Nature Pacific to bring you the very best in Coconut Oil Products: Banaban Extra Virgin Coconut Oil. Coconut Body Butters, Coconut Cooking Oil, Coconut Massage Oil, Coconut Oil products for your Pets, even Coconut Jig Jig Oil! For a look at all Nature Pacific's great products, just click on the banner below.

Coconuts aren't called the 'Tree of Life' for no reason; their nutritional and health benefits are endless. Not only has coconut oil anit-microbial and anti-viral properties, it is also packed full off medium chain fatty acids, which actually help you lose weight! A statement from Paul Richardson, the inventor of Cocotap "I have to live in the tropics, after years of coconut oil consumption I now have no blubber left".... Medium chain fatty acids speed up your body's metabolism, helping you burn calories. Coconut oil contains a unique form of saturated fat, which improves digestion, strenghtens your immune systems, and protects you against infections.

Look for the proper, unrefined coconut oil, such as the Banaban Extra Virgin Coconut Oil. Do not use the the hydrogenated oils. Hydrogenated oil can actually raise cholesterol levels.

As stated by the Nature Pacific website:

Premium Virgin Oil is extracted from fresh organically grown Fiji coconuts with the least amount of processing so that the natural vitamin E, antioxidants and fresh coconut "essence" are retained.

Nutritional Benefits
* Easy digestibility and absorbable
* Contains Vitamin E
* Composed mainly of short and medium chain fatty acids which have desirable qualities and functions
* Does not contain cholesterol
* Reduced fat accumulation in body
* Easily oxidized and therefore a preferred energy source
* Requires no transport system to absorb, digest and metabolize
* Very low content of Omega 6 fatty acid
* Helps maintain healthy ratio of Omega 6 to Omega 3 fatty acids when consumed as a part of diet
* Rich content of lauric acid, the source of disease fighting fatty acid derivative monolaurin
* Contains 6-8 per cent monounsaturated oleic acid
* Inhibitory effect against certain chemical carcinogens
* Superior antigenotoxic activity

Studies undertaken by the Biochemistry Department, University of Kerala showed that coconut oil:
* Does not elevate blood total cholesterol
* Increases blood HDL cholesterol
* Consumed along with coconut kernel lowers blood cholesterol
* Does not elevate LDL cholesterol or LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio
* Decreases serum triglycerides

The recommended therapeutic dose of coconut oil is 3-4 tablespoons a day. So little for so many benefits!

Coconut palms - the timber of the future

2009-07-28T15:00:00.001+10:00

News release from the Department of Primary Industries & Fisheries. We see them along our beachfronts and in many streets and gardens, but the iconic palm tree may soon have a new place in the Queensland lifestyle as a high-quality building product. Research conducted by Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries (QPIF) has found that cocowood, produced from coconut palm tree trunks, is suitable for use as high-value flooring, bench tops, kitchen cabinets and furniture. QPIF senior technician Gary Hopewell said the latest findings from the three-year $520,000 cocowood project showed that processed coconut palm wood was actually superior to many other commercially available timbers. "A number of Australian flooring product manufacturers are evaluating the material for their domestic manufacturing operations," he said. "Timber industry representatives from Australia, Fiji and Samoa, including flooring market and production specialists and potential suppliers and processors, are studying drying and processing technologies to ensure strict quality control of the product. "Even medium-density palm logs can be processed to make attractive veneers and plywood. "The positive results achieved to date support development of palm stem processing in Pacific island countries of origin, with value-added flooring and other products produced in Australia." Read the full article at the DPI website (opens in new window)

Finally found ‘wild’ Coconuts!

2009-07-28T13:50:00.001+10:00

Finally, after regularly visiting this beach for 3 years, I found some stranded coconuts! This is at Rules Beach, close to Baffle Creek (between Bundaberg & Agnes Water) on the East Coast of Australia. There were quite a few this time, but most felt very light, to my knowledge a good sign that they won’t germinate. I’ve got a bunch here which are promising, I’ll keep you informed on their progress.

Coconut website Reference

2009-07-28T11:50:00.001+10:00

Here’s a list of coconut websites we’ve come across so far. If you would like to add your coconut site, just leave a comment! Note that CocoNutters is in no way affiliated with any of the websites below.General

General Coconut websites

Wikipedia – a whole range of general coconut information including propagation & cultivation.

Coconut Research Centre – Your source for information on the health and nutritional aspects of coconut, coconut oil, palm, palm oil and related topics.

Cocotap – the handy little tool to drink coconut water easily. Invented by Paul Richardson.

The Coconut Odyssey – the bounteous possibilities of the tree of life

Asian and Pacific Coconut Community – The Asian and Pacific Coconut Community (APCC) is an intergovernmental organization of 15 major coconut producing countries accounting for over 90% of world coconut production and exports of coconut products.

Coconut – The web guide to the tropical world of coconuts

Coconuts in Thailand – Farming Coconuts in Thailand

Coconut Oil websites

Nature Pacific – Very friendly suppliers of organic Fiji Grown Virgin Coconut Oil

Kokonut Pacific – Developers of DME virgin coconut oil

Coconut-info.com – The purpose of this site is to provide information on the health benefits of coconut products, particularly coconut oil.

Coconutoil.com – Source for research on the health benefits of coconut oil

Coconut health benefits

The Coconut Diet – An internet discussion group discussing the health benefits of coconut oil.

Stunning Malayan Red Dwarf Coconut Palm

2009-07-17T18:49:00.001+10:00

malayred
Originally uploaded by Coconutters

Dwarf Coconut Palms - Backyard Dwarves

2009-07-17T17:07:00.002+10:00

Solomon varieties of dwarf coconuts open up possibilities for the backyarder. A recent global survey found 780 described coconut varieties. Many have been developed specifically for certain commercially important traits. Tall varieties represent the majority in commercial production due to a higher copra yield and longer productive lifespan, but the merits of the dwarf varieties are well worth considering, especially for the backyard or small scale production.There were eight dwarf varieties selected from the Solomon Islands and imported by the Townsville council in the early 1980’s. The original plan was to replace some of the tall palms along The Strand with these impressive compact varieties for foreshore stability and tourism appeal. I won’t elaborate on the perceived danger issue but it is said “coconuts have eyes of their own and have long served mankind”.The original Solomon collection has been well maintained and one of the originals, the Malay Golden Dwarf found its way to the far north, with thanks to the old Kamerunga research station in Cairns. There are also a number of the shorter palms, known as village dwarfs, growing around the Cape York Peninsula. They are very compact palms – small enough to grow in containers and bear numerous, small, golden orange fruits, with thin husks and great flavour. Others are the Red Spicata Dwarf, which has a stalk-less fruit attached directly to the main stem of the bunch, a Malay Yellow dwarf which is also very thin husked with medium sized light flavoured fruits, and a Giant Green dwarf, which has a full size crown but extremely compact trunk.
Click here for the full dwarf coconut article written by Paul Richardson from Cocotap

Coconut care - Some hints on establishing your palms

2009-07-17T16:39:00.003+10:00

These nuts have been in the post for a couple of days so it will pay to get them out of the packaging and into a tub of half strength mix of liquid fertilizer or at least water, in the shade, as quickly as possible. The nuts were growing in filtered sunlight so will handle full sun when settled in but need at least 50% sun for as much of the day as possible.
The nuts are the most advanced that packaging or State requirements allow. They will gain nutritional benefit from attachment to the nut for about 18months and even longer in sub optimal conditions. Coconuts have a fibrous root system. Each root will develop with equal importance both feeding the plant and anchoring it. No tap root develops.

Click here to read Roger's full coconut care article
Further notes on growing coconuts are available by email from Roger Goebel. Current June 2009, Roger Goebel. To buy dwarf coconut palms visit Cactus Island Online & Mail Order Nursery